Solar cell, cell stack structure, and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The present application discloses a solar cell, a cell stack structure, and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell comprises a cell body, and at least one surface of the cell body is provided with an isolation element. Thus, in a cell stacking process, the isolation element is used for providing isolation protection for the surface of the cell, preventing the surface of the cell from being scratched.

Description

Solar cells, battery stacking structures and photovoltaic modules

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the priority of the application number 202410383010.1 filed on March 29, 2024, entitled “A solar cell and photovoltaic module”, the priority of the application number 202420645705.8 filed on March 29, 2024, entitled “A solar cell and photovoltaic module”, and the priority of the application number 202420644308.9 filed on March 29, 2024, entitled “A solar cell and photovoltaic module”. The priority right of the patent application "A battery stacking structure and a tooling for accommodating a battery stacking structure" was submitted to the China Patent Office on March 29, 2024, with application number 202420645462.8, and the priority right of the patent application "A solar cell and photovoltaic module" was submitted to the China Patent Office on March 29, 2024, with application number 202420644202.9, and the priority right of the patent application "A solar cell and photovoltaic module" was submitted to the China Patent Office on May 29, 2024, with application number 202 421203803.2, the priority of the application titled "A solar cell and photovoltaic module", was submitted to the China Patent Office on February 21, 2025, with application number 202510198949.5, the priority of the application titled "A solar cell and photovoltaic module", was submitted to the China Patent Office on February 8, 2025, with application number 202520201131.X, the priority of the application titled "Solar cell and photovoltaic module", was submitted to the China Patent Office on February 8, 2025, The priority of application number 202520208673.X, application name “Solar cell module”, the priority of application number 202510215009.2, filed with the China Patent Office on February 25, 2025, application name “A solar cell and photovoltaic module”, and the priority of application number 202510221271.8, filed with the China Patent Office on February 26, 2025, application name “Solar cell and photovoltaic module”, all of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The present application belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, and specifically relates to a solar cell, a battery stacking structure and a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0004] In back-contact cells, by placing both the PN junction and the metal electrode on the backlight side of the cell, the electrodes are prevented from blocking the light-receiving side of the cell, which can maximize the use of incident light and reduce optical losses, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the conversion efficiency of solar cells.

[0005] In the production and preparation of back-contact solar cells, cells are typically stacked and transported. To prevent scratches between cells, release paper / laminated paper is typically used between adjacent cells. However, this method requires the release paper / laminated paper to be removed before lamination, which is a cumbersome process. The release paper / laminated paper is also expensive and prone to misalignment. Debris from the release paper can easily adhere to the surface of the solar cell, affecting the quality of the laminate. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application aims to provide a solar cell, a cell stacking structure and a photovoltaic module, which can solve the problem of scratches on the surface of the cell caused by scraping between the cell cells when the cell cells are stacked and transported.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides a solar cell comprising a cell body, at least one side of which is provided with an isolation member. In the present application, during the cell stacking process, the isolation member is used to isolate and protect the surface of the cell to prevent scratches on the cell surface.

[0009] Optionally, the isolation member includes a plurality of isolation protrusions arranged at intervals, and the refractive index of the isolation protrusions is smaller than the refractive index of the battery cell body.

[0010] Optionally, the battery cell body includes a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface opposite to each other, and the isolation protrusion is provided on the light-receiving surface.

[0011] Optionally, a plurality of pyramid structures are provided on a surface of one side of the battery cell body on which the isolation protrusion is provided, and the isolation protrusion covers at least two pyramid structures; and / or, the plurality of isolation protrusions are arranged in an array; and / or, the material of the isolation protrusion is UV glue; and / or, the Mohs hardness of the isolation protrusion is 2 to 7.

[0012] Optionally, the isolation member includes a recess, which is recessed from the surface of the isolation member facing away from the solar cell toward the inside of the isolation member; and / or, the coverage of the isolation member on the surface of the solar cell is S81, satisfying: 0.5%≤S81≤10%; and / or, in the thickness direction of the solar cell, the height of the isolation member is h, satisfying 2μm≤h≤80μm.

[0013] Optionally, the insulating member includes a first protective structure and a second protective structure; at least one side of the battery cell body has a middle area and an edge area surrounding the middle area; the edge area is provided with a first protective structure, the middle area is provided with a second protective structure, and the first protective structure is arranged around the second protective structure; the coverage rate of the first protective structure on the edge area is greater than the coverage rate of the second protective structure on the middle area.

[0014] Optionally, the isolation member includes an isolation film, which is provided on the light-receiving surface of the battery cell body; the isolation film is provided with a hollow structure.

[0015] Optionally, the cell body has a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface, the backlight surface is provided with electrodes, and the light-receiving surface is provided with a plurality of spaced-apart spacers, and the extension direction of at least some of the spacers intersects with the extension direction of the electrodes.

[0016] Optionally, the cell body includes a first surface and a second surface relative to each other; the solar cell further includes a plurality of collecting electrodes, which are arranged on the first surface of the cell body; a plurality of isolating members are arranged on the first surface and / or the second surface of the cell body, and the extension direction of the isolating members intersects with the extension direction of the collecting electrodes; the isolating member includes a plurality of isolating bumps arranged along the extension direction of the isolating member; the spacing between two adjacent isolating bumps in the same isolating member in the extension direction of the isolating member is greater than the spacing between two adjacent collecting electrodes.

[0017] Optionally, at least one side of the battery cell body is provided with a plurality of spaced-apart spacers, the spacers comprising a central portion and a peripheral portion arranged around the central portion; the central portion has a recessed surface on a side away from the battery cell body, and in a direction perpendicular to the battery cell body, the minimum height of the central portion is H71, and the maximum height of the spacers is H70, satisfying:

[0018] Optionally, the cell body includes relative light-receiving surfaces and backlight surfaces, the light-receiving surface includes a fifth region and multiple sixth regions; multiple isolation members are arranged on the light-receiving surface of the cell body, and the density of the isolation members located in the fifth region is greater than the density of the isolation members located in the sixth region; the solar cell also includes multiple collecting electrodes, which are arranged on the backlight surface of the cell body, and the multiple sixth regions are arranged along the extension direction of the collecting electrodes; the extension direction of the sixth region is perpendicular to the collecting electrodes.

[0019] Optionally, the cell body includes a first surface and a second surface facing each other; the isolation member includes a plurality of isolation bumps provided on at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the cell body, the plurality of isolation bumps being arranged in a plurality of rows along a fourth direction, and each row of isolation bumps including a plurality of isolation bumps arranged along a fifth direction; wherein l is the larger of a spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps along the fourth direction or a spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps along the fifth direction, h is the height of the isolation bump, and n is an integer value representing the ratio of the long side to the short side of the solar cell, and l, h, and n satisfy the relationship:

[0020] In a second aspect, the present application proposes a photovoltaic module comprising the aforementioned solar cell.

[0021] Optionally, the photovoltaic module further includes a cover plate, a back plate and an encapsulation film; wherein the solar cell is encapsulated between the cover plate and the back plate by the encapsulation film; and the peel strength between the isolation member and the solar cell is greater than the peel strength between the isolation member and the encapsulation film.

[0022] In a third aspect, the present application proposes a battery stack structure, comprising a plurality of the aforementioned solar cells stacked in sequence, including electrodes, wherein the electrodes are provided on the backlight surface of the cell body.

[0023] Optionally, at least part of the battery stack structure is composed of multiple groups of solar cells; each group of solar cells includes two solar cells whose backlight surfaces are in contact with each other; for two adjacent solar cells whose light-receiving surfaces are in contact with each other in the battery stack structure, the light-receiving surface of at least one solar cell is provided with a protective adhesive layer, and the protective adhesive layer serves as an isolation member.

[0024] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become obvious from the description below, or will be learned through practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0026] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell according to a first group of embodiments of the present application;

[0027] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module according to a first set of embodiments of the present application;

[0028] FIG3 a is a schematic diagram of a processing flow of a solar cell according to the first group of embodiments of the present application;

[0029] FIG3 b is a schematic diagram of the processing flow of another solar cell according to the first group of embodiments of the present application;

[0030] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a first solar cell according to the second group of embodiments of the present application;

[0031] FIG5 is a cross-sectional view of a solar cell according to a second embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell according to a second set of embodiments of the present application;

[0033] FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a top view of a solar cell according to the third group of embodiments of the present application;

[0034] FIG8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery stack structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell according to the fourth group of embodiments of the present application;

[0036] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of another solar cell according to the fourth group of embodiments of the present application;

[0037] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of a spacer and a collector electrode of a solar cell according to the fifth set of embodiments of the present application;

[0038] 12 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of another spacer and collector electrode of a solar cell according to the fifth group of embodiments of the present application;

[0039] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of a collector electrode of a solar cell according to the fifth group of embodiments of the present application;

[0040] FIG14 is a top view of a spacer for a solar cell according to a sixth embodiment of the present application;

[0041] FIG15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the isolating member of FIG14;

[0042] FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of the isolation member of FIG14;

[0043] FIG17 is a schematic structural diagram of the photovoltaic assembly according to the sixth group of embodiments of the present application;

[0044] FIG18 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a solar cell according to a seventh embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG19 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a solar cell according to the seventh embodiment of the present application;

[0046] FIG20 is a schematic structural diagram of a top view of a solar cell according to the seventh group of embodiments of the present application;

[0047] FIG21 is a schematic structural diagram of a top view of a solar cell according to a seventh group of embodiments of the present application;

[0048] FIG22 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell test according to the seventh embodiment of the present application;

[0049] FIG23 is a schematic structural diagram of a first arrangement of isolation bumps in a solar cell according to the eighth embodiment of the present application;

[0050] FIG24 is a schematic structural diagram of a second arrangement of isolation bumps in a solar cell according to the eighth embodiment of the present application;

[0051] FIG25 is a schematic diagram of stacked solar cells bending after being subjected to force according to the eighth embodiment of the present application.

[0052] Figures: 100 - cell; 100a - cell body; 110 - electrode; 101 - light-receiving surface; 102 - backlight surface; 420 - pyramid structure; 230 - isolation protrusion; 501 - curved surface; 140 - adhesive film layer; 110a - middle region; 110b - edge region; 103 - side edge; H5 - height of the isolation protrusion in a direction perpendicular to the first surface; L1 - dimension of the isolation protrusion at the junction of the first and second surfaces; H6 - height of the adhesive film layer; H51 - height of the isolation protrusion; 510 - first protective structure; 520 - hollow structure; 511 - first protrusion; 530 - second protective structure; 513 - third protrusion; H3 - height of the first protective structure; H4 - height of the second protective structure; D - distance between the boundary of the edge region close to the middle region and the corresponding side edge; 540 - isolation film; 300 - protective adhesive layer; W - each group of solar cells; 102a - first region; 102b - second region; 102c - third region; 102d - fourth region; 120 - spacer; 121 - first spacer; 122 - second spacer; X - first direction; Y - second direction; 621 - isolation bump; 63 - collecting electrode; 631 - first collecting electrode; 6311 - first sub-collector electrode; 632 - second collecting electrode; 6321 - second sub-collector electrode; L61 - spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps in the same spacer in the direction S2; L62 - spacing between two adjacent collecting electrodes; L63 - spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps in the same spacer in the direction S3 perpendicular to the collecting electrodes; L64 - spacing between two adjacent first collecting electrodes; L65 - spacing between two adjacent second collecting electrodes; 711 - peripheral portion; 7113 - cavity; 712 - central portion; 7121 - recess; 7124 - cover layer; 730 - encapsulation film; 51 - cover plate; 52 - back plate; H71 - minimum height of the central portion; ；H70 - the maximum height of the isolator; W70 - the maximum size of the isolator's projection on the battery cell body; W71 - the maximum size of the center's projection on the battery cell body; 813 - the fifth area; 8131 - the third sub-area; 814 - the sixth area; 8141 - the first sub-area; 8142 - the second sub-area; 840 - the soldering pad; 850 - the testing mechanism; 851 - the holding member; 852 - the testing probe; 860 - the first terminal line; 861 - the second terminal line; X8 - the extension direction of the sixth area along the collector electrode; 911 - the first side; 912 - the second side; X9 - the fourth direction; Y9 - the fifth direction; L92 - the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps along the fourth direction; L91 - the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps along the fifth direction; h - the height of the isolation bump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0054] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly refer to one or more of the features. Throughout the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more. Furthermore, "and / or" in the specification and claims refers to at least one of the connected entities, and the character " / " generally indicates an "or" relationship between the connected entities.

[0055] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0056] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0057] The solar cell and photovoltaic module provided in the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and their application scenarios in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0058] In a first aspect, the present application proposes a solar cell, comprising: a cell body, at least one side of which is provided with an isolation member.

[0059] The solar cell according to the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below.

[0060] A solar cell (also referred to as a cell) includes a cell body, which has a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface. The light-receiving surface is the side of the cell that receives incident light, and the backlight surface is the side of the cell facing away from the light-receiving surface. The backlight surface and the light-receiving surface are arranged opposite each other. The front side of the cell body is the light-receiving surface, and the back side of the cell body is the backlight surface.

[0061] The following explanation will be given using a back-contact solar cell as an example. When other types of cells are used, the mechanism of action can be implemented with reference to the example, and the embodiments of the present application will not be described in detail here.

[0062] For example, the cell in the embodiment of the present application is a back-contact solar cell, and the electrodes of the back-contact solar cell are all arranged on the backlight surface. The electrodes include a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The light-receiving surface of the back-contact cell can be fully exposed to sunlight, which improves the light absorption efficiency. The design of the back-contact cell can also reduce the current transmission path, reduce resistance, and improve the performance of the battery. When the back-contact cell is transported, multiple back-contact cells need to be stacked. At this time, the light-receiving surface film layer of the solar cell is easily scratched by the backlight surface grid line of the adjacent solar cell. When the solar cell of the embodiment of the present application stacks multiple solar cells during the transfer process, due to the setting of the isolation member, there is no need to set isolation paper between two adjacent solar cells, which can avoid the technical problems of placing isolation paper on the solar cell and removing the isolation paper during the subsequent component end production, which increase the production process and affect the production capacity; and avoid the technical problem of large cost waste caused by discarding isolation paper.

[0063] Optionally, a plurality of spacers may be provided on at least one of the light-receiving and backlight-receiving surfaces of the cell body. For example, the spacers may be provided on the light-receiving surface of the cell body. Alternatively, the spacers may be provided on the backlight-receiving surface of the cell body, or on both the light-receiving and backlight-receiving surfaces. The following description primarily uses the example of spacers provided on the light-receiving surface of the cell body. The principles of spacers provided on the backlight-receiving surface are the same or similar, and are not further elaborated here.

[0064] Optionally, the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the manner in which the spacers are disposed on the cell body. For example, the spacers may be printed on the surface of the cell body; another example, the spacers may be inkjet-applied to the surface of the cell body; another example, the spacers may be glued to the surface of the cell body; another example, the spacers may be plated on the surface of the cell body.

[0065] Optionally, a plurality of spacers arranged at intervals are provided on the light-receiving surface of the cell body, and a plurality of electrodes are provided on the backlight surface of the cell body, and the plurality of electrodes are arranged at intervals.

[0066] Optionally, in one implementation, the spacer is a flat adhesive layer that completely covers the light-receiving surface of the solar cell. This can increase the area of ​​protection provided by the spacer to the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, thereby completely preventing scratches and damage to the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, providing superior protection.

[0067] Optionally, in another implementation form, the solar cell includes: a plurality of spacers arranged at intervals; the spacers include: any one of glue dots, glue strips, and glue blocks.

[0068] In the embodiments of the present application, to further reduce the amount of glue used and thus save production costs, the protective glue layer can be configured to include multiple spacers arranged at intervals; the spacers can include any of glue dots, glue strips, and glue blocks. This eliminates the need to completely cover the light-receiving surface of the solar cell with a flat glue layer, thus saving glue.

[0069] Glue dot spacers, adhesive strip spacers, and adhesive block spacers can all be distributed in an array on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell. Regardless of the form of protective adhesive unit used, it can provide effective support, isolation, and cushioning on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, effectively protecting the light-receiving surface of the solar cell.

[0070] The structure of the solar cell of the first group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 b .

[0071] In this set of embodiments, the isolation member includes a plurality of spaced-apart isolation protrusions 230. As shown in FIG1 , a solar cell according to some embodiments of the present application includes a cell body 100a, at least one side of which is provided with a plurality of spaced-apart isolation protrusions 230.

[0072] In some examples, the refractive index of the isolation protrusion 230 is lower than the refractive index of the cell body 100 a .

[0073] For example, the cell in the embodiment of the present application is a back-contact solar cell. The electrodes 121 of the back-contact solar cell are all disposed on the backlight side. A plurality of spaced-apart isolation protrusions 500 can be disposed on the light-receiving side of the back-contact solar cell. The following explanation will be based on a back-contact solar cell as an example. When other types of cells are used, the mechanism of operation can be similarly implemented, and the embodiment of the present application will not be further described here.

[0074] It is understood that during the cell manufacturing process, a material box is usually used to store or transport multiple cells. When multiple cells are stacked, the light-receiving surface of one cell will face the backlight surface of the other cell, making the light-receiving surface of one cell easily scratched by friction from the electrode 110 on the backlight surface of the other cell.

[0075] To this end, in an embodiment of the present application, a number of isolation protrusions 230 arranged at intervals are provided on the light-receiving surface of the battery cell, so that the isolation protrusions 230 can be used to form an isolation support between two adjacent battery cells during the stacking process, thereby providing isolation protection for the light-receiving surface of the battery cell and preventing the light-receiving surface of the battery cell from being scratched by the electrode 110 on the backlight surface of the adjacent battery cell.

[0076] At the same time, by setting the refractive index of the isolation protrusion 230 to be lower than the refractive index of the battery cell body 100a, as shown by the arrow in Figure 1, when the incident light is irradiated on the isolation protrusion 230, most of the light will pass through the isolation protrusion 230 and be absorbed by the battery cell, and a small amount of light will be repeatedly refracted or reflected between multiple isolation protrusions 230 and absorbed by the battery cell again, thereby forming a light trapping effect, increasing the battery cell's absorption rate of light, and can improve the conversion efficiency of the battery cell.

[0077] In some embodiments, the isolation protrusion 230 is made of a transparent material, such as UV adhesive, photosensitive adhesive, polyolefin elastomer (POE), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), etc. The main component of the UV adhesive may be acrylic resin.

[0078] The light transmittance of the isolation protrusion 230 can be set to be greater than or equal to 80%. For example, the light transmittance of the isolation protrusion 230 can be set to any value such as 80%, 83%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 93%, 95%, 98%, or a range between any two values. In some examples, the light transmittance of the isolation protrusion 230 is greater than or equal to 85%.

[0079] In some embodiments, the isolation protrusions 230 include, but are not limited to, strip-shaped protrusions and dot-shaped protrusions. The strip-shaped protrusions may be a protrusion structure extending continuously along a predetermined direction, or a strip-shaped structure formed by multiple dot-shaped protrusions arranged in sequence along the same direction. Of course, the isolation protrusions 230 may also have other shapes and structures, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0080] In some embodiments, the Mohs hardness of the isolation protrusion 230 is 2 to 7. For example, the Mohs hardness of the isolation protrusion 230 can be set to any value such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or a range between any two values.

[0081] It is understandable that a passivation layer, such as a silicon nitride layer, is usually formed on the surface of the battery cell body 100a. The Mohs hardness of the silicon nitride layer ranges from 9 to 9.5. Therefore, by setting the Mohs hardness of the isolation protrusion 230 to 2 to 7, the Mohs hardness of the isolation protrusion 230 is lower than the Mohs hardness of the passivation layer on the surface of the battery cell body 100a. Furthermore, when the battery cells are stacked, the isolation protrusion 230 can be used to support and isolate, while preventing the isolation protrusion 230 from scratching the surface of the battery cell body 100a.

[0082] Optionally, a plurality of isolation protrusions 230 are arranged in an array on the surface of the cell to increase the uniformity of the distribution of the isolation protrusions 230 on the surface of the cell body 100a, thereby enhancing the protection of different areas of the cell surface and forming a uniform light trapping effect at different positions on the cell surface.

[0083] Optionally, the ratio of the refractive index of the isolation protrusion 230 to the refractive index of the cell body 100a is 0.6 to 1.15. In some examples, the ratio of the refractive index of the isolation protrusion 230 to the refractive index of the cell body 100a is 0.8 to 0.95.

[0084] In the embodiment of the present application, the refractive index of the isolation protrusion 230 is set to be smaller than the refractive index of the battery cell body 100a, and the ratio range of the refractive index of the isolation protrusion 230 to the refractive index of the battery cell body 100a is set to ensure that a light trapping effect can be formed on the surface of the battery cell body 100a. In this way, the isolation protrusion 230 can be used to form an isolation and protection effect on the surface of the battery cell, and at the same time, the absorption rate of the battery cell to light can be further improved, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the battery cell.

[0085] For example, the ratio of the refractive index of the isolation protrusion 230 to the refractive index of the cell body 100a can be set to any value such as 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.82, 0.85, 0.87, 0.9, 0.93, 0.95, 1, 1.15, or a range between any two values.

[0086] Optionally, the refractive index of the isolation protrusion 230 is 1.4 to 1.9. In some examples, the refractive index of the isolation protrusion 230 is 1.6 to 1.7.

[0087] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the refractive index range of the isolation protrusion 230, the multiple isolation protrusions 230 on the surface of the battery cell can be used to isolate and protect the battery cell. At the same time, the multiple isolation protrusions 230 can be used to form a light trapping effect on the surface of the battery cell 100, thereby increasing the light absorption rate of the battery cell and improving the conversion efficiency of the battery cell.

[0088] For example, the refractive index of the isolation protrusion 230 can be set to any value such as 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.61, 1.63, 1.65, 1.68, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, or a range between any two values.

[0089] Optionally, the refractive index of the cell body 100a is 1.6 to 2.2. In some examples, the refractive index of the cell body 100a is 1.8 to 2.

[0090] In the embodiment of the present application, the refractive index range of the cell body 100a is set to ensure that the refractive index of the cell body 100a is greater than the refractive index of the isolation protrusions 230, so that the multiple isolation protrusions 230 on the surface of the cell body 100a can form a light trapping effect, thereby increasing the light absorption rate of the cell and improving the conversion efficiency of the cell.

[0091] For example, the refractive index of the cell body 100a can be set to any value such as 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.82, 1.85, 1.87, 1.9, 1.93, 1.95, 1.98, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, or a range between any two values.

[0092] Optionally, as shown in FIG1 , a surface of the isolation protrusion 230 facing away from the cell body 100 a is a curved surface 501 , and the curved surface 501 protrudes from the surface of the cell body 100 a toward a direction away from the cell body 100 a .

[0093] In the embodiment of the present application, by providing the isolation protrusion 230 with a curved surface 501 on the side facing away from the battery cell body 100a, it is convenient for actual design and processing, and is also beneficial for forming a light trapping effect on the surface of the battery cell body 100a, thereby improving the light absorption rate of the battery cell and enhancing the conversion efficiency of the battery cell.

[0094] For example, the curved surface 501 on the side of the isolation protrusion 230 facing away from the battery cell body 100a can be a curved surface structure such as an arc surface, an ellipsoidal surface, a parabolic surface, etc. Of course, other curved surface structures can also be set, which can be flexibly set according to actual conditions and is not limited in this embodiment of the application.

[0095] Optionally, the curvature of the curved surface 501 is greater than or equal to 0.05 μm. -1 .

[0096] In the embodiment of the present application, the curvature of the curved surface 501 of the side surface of the isolation protrusion 230 facing away from the battery cell body 100a is controlled to ensure that the side surface of the isolation protrusion 230 facing away from the battery cell body 100a has a certain curvature, which is conducive to forming a light trapping effect. At the same time, it can also ensure that the isolation protrusion 230 has a certain height to play an isolating and protective role on the surface of the battery cell body 100a.

[0097] For example, the curvature of the curved surface 501 can be set to: 0.05 μm -1 , 0.08μm -1 , 0.1μm -1 , 0.5μm -1 , 1.0μm -1 , 2.0μm -1 , 5.0μm -1 Any number or a range between any two numbers.

[0098] Optionally, as shown in FIG1 , the side of the cell body 100a on which the isolation protrusions 230 are provided is a first side, the height of the isolation protrusions 230 along a direction perpendicular to the first side is H5, a cross section perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the isolation protrusions 230 is a second cross section, and the dimension of the isolation protrusions 230 at the intersection of the first side and the second cross section is L1 (referred to as width L1), i.e., the maximum dimension L1 of the isolation protrusions 230 projected on the cell body 100a satisfies: H5 / L1 ≥ 0.001. Optionally, 0.1 ≤ H5 / L1 ≤ 0.5.

[0099] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting a reasonable height-to-width ratio of the isolation protrusion 230, it is possible to ensure that the isolation protrusion 230 has an isolating and protective effect on the surface of the cell, and to form a better light trapping effect on the surface of the cell, which helps to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell.

[0100] It is understood that if the height-to-width ratio of the isolation protrusion 230 is too small, that is, the height of the isolation protrusion 230 is relatively small and the width is relatively large, this will not only affect the isolation and support function of the isolation protrusion 230 and the light absorption rate of the cell, but also the corresponding morphology of the isolation protrusion 230 with a small aspect ratio will weaken the light trapping effect formed on the cell surface. If the height-to-width ratio of the isolation protrusion 230 is too large, that is, the height of the isolation protrusion 230 is relatively large and the width is relatively small, this will reduce the structural strength of the isolation protrusion 230, not only making it inconvenient to actually process, but also making the isolation protrusion 230 easily damaged, affecting the stability of the isolation protrusion 230 in use.

[0101] For example, the ratio H5 / L1 of the height H5 of the isolation protrusion 230 to the width L1 of the isolation protrusion 230 can be set to any number such as 0.001, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, or a range between any two values.

[0102] It should be noted that the arrangement direction of the isolation protrusions is the extension direction of the projection of the isolation protrusion on the first surface. For example, the arrangement direction of the strip-shaped isolation protrusions is the longitudinal direction of the projection of the strip on the first surface. For another example, the arrangement direction of the hemispherical isolation protrusions is the radial direction of the projection of the hemispherical shape on the first surface. For another example, the arrangement direction of the semi-ellipsoidal isolation protrusions is the short radius or long radius direction of the projection of the hemispherical shape on the first surface.

[0103] 1 , the height H5 of the isolation protrusion 230 along the direction perpendicular to the first surface is 2 μm to 80 μm. In some examples, the height H5 of the isolation protrusion 230 along the direction perpendicular to the first surface is 5 μm to 40 μm.

[0104] In the embodiment of the present application, when H5 is less than 2 μm, the height H5 of the isolation protrusion 230 is too small. Consequently, when adjacent solar cells are stacked, the isolation protrusion 230 cannot effectively prevent the collector electrodes, bus electrodes, terminal wires, solder pads, etc. on the adjacent solar cells from contacting the light-receiving surface 101 of the solar cell, potentially failing to provide scratch protection, or providing poor scratch protection. When H5 is greater than 80 μm, the isolation protrusion 230 becomes difficult to manufacture and the material cost is high. By setting a range for the height H5 of the isolation protrusion 230 perpendicular to the first surface, the isolation protrusion 230 is ensured to have a certain height. When the cells are stacked, the isolation protrusion 230 can be isolated and supported between adjacent cells, preventing scratches. Furthermore, setting the isolation protrusion 230 to a certain height ensures an effective light trapping effect on the surface of the cell body 100 a, thereby improving the cell conversion efficiency and reducing processing difficulty and material cost.

[0105] Exemplarily, the height H5 of the isolation protrusion 230 along the direction perpendicular to the first surface can be set to any value such as 2μm, 4μm, 5μm, 8μm, 10μm, 15μm, 20μm, 25μm, 30μm, 35μm, 40μm, 65μm, 80μm, or a range between any two values.

[0106] It should be noted that the measurement method of the height H5 of the isolation protrusion 230 includes: measuring the straight-line distance from any point on the surface of the isolation protrusion 230 to the first surface along a direction perpendicular to the first surface, and taking the maximum value as the measured value of the height H5 of the isolation protrusion 230.

[0107] 1 , the dimension L1 of the isolation protrusion 230 at the junction of the first surface and the second cross section is 0.05 mm to 2 mm. In some examples, the dimension L1 of the isolation protrusion 230 at the junction of the first surface and the second cross section is 100 μm to 300 μm.

[0108] In the embodiment of the present application, the isolation protrusion 230 is configured to have a dimension L1 at the intersection of the first surface and the second cross-section, so that the isolation protrusion 230 provides a certain coverage area on the surface of the cell, thereby providing protection for the cell surface. At the same time, if the width of the isolation protrusion 230 is too large, the aspect ratio of the isolation protrusion 230 will be small, and the corresponding morphology will weaken the light trapping effect formed on the surface of the cell body 100a.

[0109] For example, the dimension L1 of the isolation protrusion 230 at the junction of the first surface and the second cross section can be set to any value such as 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.05 mm, 1.55 mm, 2 mm, or a range between any two values.

[0110] In some embodiments, the height of the isolation protrusions 230 is proportional to the distance between two adjacent isolation protrusions 230. For example, if the distance between two adjacent isolation protrusions 230 is 10 mm to 12 mm, the height of the isolation protrusions 230 is set to 30 μm; or if the distance between two adjacent isolation protrusions 230 is 3 mm to 5 mm, the height of the isolation protrusions 230 is set to 10 μm.

[0111] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 2 , a plurality of pyramid structures 420 are provided on a surface of the battery cell body 100 a on one side of which the isolation protrusion 230 is provided, and the isolation protrusion 230 covers at least two pyramid structures 420 .

[0112] In the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of pyramid structures 420 are provided on the surface of one side of the cell body 100a where the isolation protrusion 230 is provided, so that the isolation protrusion 230 covers at least two pyramid structures 420. In this way, the synergistic effect of the plurality of isolation protrusions 230 and the plurality of pyramid structures 420 can be utilized to enhance the light trapping effect formed on the surface of the cell body 100a, thereby further improving the conversion efficiency of the cell.

[0113] It is understood that during the cell manufacturing process, a texturing process can be used to form a textured structure on the light-receiving and / or backlight-receiving surfaces of the silicon substrate, and then an anti-reflection layer or a passivation layer can be formed on the textured structure, thereby producing a cell body 100a having a plurality of pyramid structures 420 formed on the surface. Furthermore, a plurality of isolation protrusions 230 are formed on the anti-reflection layer or the passivation layer, and each isolation protrusion 230 covers at least two of the pyramid structures 420.

[0114] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3a , the process for preparing a solar cell in the present application may include:

[0115] S1. Providing a cell body 100a, wherein the cell body 100a includes a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface facing each other;

[0116] S2. Printing electrodes on the backlight side of the cell body 100a and sending it into a sintering furnace for sintering;

[0117] S3, forming an isolation protrusion 230 on the light-receiving surface of the battery cell body 100a;

[0118] S4. Processing the cell body 100a using light injection or a curing furnace;

[0119] S5. Perform performance testing on the battery cells, and sort and stack them.

[0120] It is understandable that compared with the traditional battery cell production process, after completing the performance test of the battery cells, the battery cells need to be isolated with isolation paper and sorted and stacked. During the operation, additional steps such as laying and extracting the isolation paper need to be added. The operation process is cumbersome and the production cost is high.

[0121] In the embodiment of the present application, after the electrode paste is printed and sintered at high temperature, an isolation protrusion 230 is formed on the light-receiving surface of the battery cell so that the isolation protrusion 230 can be used to isolate and protect the battery cell in subsequent processes, which can simplify the operation process and reduce production costs.

[0122] In other embodiments, as shown in FIG3b , after the sintering operation in the sintering furnace is completed in step S2, the cell body 100a may be processed using a light injection or curing furnace, and then an isolation protrusion 230 may be formed on the light-receiving surface of the cell body 100a. In this way, the requirements for the high-temperature resistance of the isolation protrusion 230 may be reduced.

[0123] In some embodiments, step S3 of the above embodiment of forming the isolation protrusion 230 on the light-receiving surface of the cell body 100a may include:

[0124] S31, using a preset adhesive material to form a plurality of preset adhesive spots on the light-receiving surface of the battery cell body 100a;

[0125] S32 , curing the preset glue points to obtain a plurality of spaced-apart isolation protrusions 230 , wherein the refractive index of the isolation protrusions 230 is smaller than the refractive index of the cell body 100 a .

[0126] Specifically, the isolation protrusions 230 may be formed on the surface of the battery cell body 100 a by screen printing.

[0127] Of course, a number of preset glue points can also be formed on the light-receiving surface of the battery cell body 100a by dispensing or coating, which can be flexibly set according to actual conditions, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0128] In other embodiments, the viscosity of the preset adhesive is set to 7000-20000 cps; the high temperature resistance of the formed isolation protrusion 230 is greater than or equal to 300°C.

[0129] It should be noted that the preparation process of the solar cell in the following embodiments can refer to the preparation process of the solar cell in this embodiment.

[0130] The structure of the solar cell of the second group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 .

[0131] The isolation member includes a first protective structure 510 and a second protective structure 530. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, a solar cell according to some embodiments of the present application includes: a cell body 100a, at least one side of which has a middle region 110a and an edge region 110b surrounding the middle region 110a; the edge region 110b is provided with a first protective structure 510, the middle region 110a is provided with a second protective structure 530, and the first protective structure 510 is arranged around the second protective structure 530.

[0132] In the embodiment of the present application, protective structures are provided in the middle region 110a and the edge region 110b of at least one side of the cell body 100a, respectively, to provide isolation and protection during the stacking and transportation of the solar cell cells, thereby preventing the surface of the cell cells from being scratched. Furthermore, a protective structure having a different structure than that of the middle region 110a is provided in the edge region 110b of the cell body 100a to provide differentiated protection for different areas on the surface of the cell body 100a, thereby meeting different protection requirements. Furthermore, by providing the first protective structure 510 and the second protective structure 530 in combination with the cell body 100a, the protective structures do not need to be specifically removed during subsequent lamination operations, thereby simplifying the lamination process and reducing production costs.

[0133] In some examples, as shown in FIG5 , a first protective structure 510 and a second protective structure 530 may be provided on the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell; or, a first protective structure 510 and a second protective structure 530 may be provided on the backlight surface 102 of the cell; or, a first protective structure 510 and a second protective structure 530 may be provided on both the light-receiving surface 101 and the backlight surface 102 of the cell.

[0134] For example, the cell in the embodiment of the present application is a back-contact solar cell, and the electrodes 110 of the back-contact solar cell are all provided on the backlight surface 102. Furthermore, a first protective structure 510 and a second protective structure 530 are respectively provided on the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell. It should be noted that the following embodiments will be described using the example of a back-contact solar cell with the first protective structure 510 and the second protective structure 530 provided on the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell. When the cell has other structures, the same can be applied accordingly, and the embodiments of the present application will not be repeated here.

[0135] It is understood that in the production process of photovoltaic modules, multiple cells are typically stacked sequentially into a magazine for storage or transportation. This section of the embodiment will be described using the example of multiple cells being stored in a magazine with the light-receiving surface 101 facing upward, with the cell electrodes 110 disposed on the backlight surface 102. Other cell stacking methods can be similarly implemented and will not be further described here.

[0136] In actual applications, when multiple cells are stacked, if the electrode 110 on the backlight surface 102 of the upper cell directly contacts the light-receiving surface 101 of the lower cell, it is easy to cause friction scratches on the light-receiving surface 101 of the lower cell. In addition, the inventors have found through research that when the cells are placed in the material box, when the cells fall, they are often prone to a certain degree of tilt and misalignment, and the edges of the upper cell are likely to hit the edge area 110b of the lower cell, thereby increasing the risk of scratches or bruises on the edge area 110b of the lower cell.

[0137] To this end, in the embodiment of the present application, protective structures are provided in both the middle region 110a and the edge region 110b of the cell's light-receiving surface 101, thereby providing all-around isolation and protection for the cell's light-receiving surface 101. Furthermore, different protective structures are employed to provide differentiated protection for the edge region 110b and the middle region 110a of the light-receiving surface 101, thereby meeting different protection requirements and facilitating enhanced protection of the edge region 110b surrounding the light-receiving surface 101.

[0138] It should be noted that the edge area described in this application refers to the area on the surface of the battery cell body close to the edges of the battery cell, and the middle area refers to the area on the surface of the battery cell body close to the middle position of the battery cell. Compared with the edge area, the middle area is closer to the geometric center of the battery cell body.

[0139] In some embodiments, the materials of the first protection structure 510 and the second protection structure 530 can refer to the materials of the isolation bumps 230 in the first group of embodiments of the first aspect above, and will not be repeated here.

[0140] The first protective structure 510 and the second protective structure 530 may be made of the same material or different materials, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0141] Optionally, the coverage of the edge region 110 b by the first protection structure 510 is greater than the coverage of the middle region 110 a by the second protection structure 530 .

[0142] In the embodiment of the present application, the coverage ratio of the first protective structure 510 and the second protective structure 530 to the area where they are located is set to strengthen the protection of the edge area 110b around the light-receiving surface 101 while satisfying the isolation protection function of the light-receiving surface 101.

[0143] The coverage of the edge region 110 b by the first protective structure 510 refers to the ratio of the orthographic projection area of ​​the first protective structure 510 on the light-receiving surface 101 to the area of ​​the edge region 110 b of the light-receiving surface 101. The coverage of the middle region 110 a by the second protective structure 530 refers to the ratio of the orthographic projection area of ​​the second protective structure 530 on the light-receiving surface 101 to the area of ​​the middle region 110 a of the light-receiving surface 101.

[0144] It is understood that the first protective structure 510 and the second protective structure 530 may have the same or different structural shapes, and this is not limited in the present embodiment. When the first protective structure 510 and the second protective structure 530 have the same structural shapes, they can be distributed at different densities in corresponding areas to achieve differentiated protection for different areas of the light-receiving surface 101.

[0145] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 4 , the first protection structure 510 includes a transparent material layer, and the transparent material layer covers the edge region 110 b .

[0146] In the embodiment of the present application, by providing a transparent material layer to cover the peripheral edge areas 110b of the light-receiving surface 101, the isolation and protection of the peripheral edge areas 110b can be enhanced, thereby reducing the risk of scratches or bumps on the peripheral edge areas 110b of the light-receiving surface 101.

[0147] Optionally, a plurality of hollow structures are provided at intervals in the transparent material layer, which can reduce the light shading of the light receiving surface by the transparent material layer while ensuring that the transparent material layer covers and protects the edge region 110b of the light receiving surface 101, and reduce the amount of raw materials used in preparing the transparent material layer, thereby reducing production costs.

[0148] The hollow structure may be a hole or a groove provided in the transparent material layer.

[0149] Optionally, as shown in FIG6 , the first protective structure 510 includes first protrusions 511 . The battery cell body 100 a has four sides 103 . Each side 103 has a corresponding edge region 110 b with a plurality of first protrusions 511 . The first protrusions 511 extend from the side 103 toward the middle region 110 a .

[0150] In the embodiment of the present application, the first protrusion 511 extends from the side 103 of the battery cell toward the middle area 110a, that is, the first protrusion 511 has a strip-shaped structure. The use of the first protrusion 511 with a strip-shaped structure can not only achieve the isolation and protection of the edge area 110b around the light-receiving surface 101, but also save the use of production raw materials and reduce production costs.

[0151] Optionally, the first protective structure 510 further includes a plurality of second protrusions, each of which is connected to at least one first protrusion 511 to form a mesh structure.

[0152] In the embodiment of the present application, by connecting each second protrusion to at least one first protrusion 511, and then forming a mesh structure by connecting several second protrusions to several first protrusions 511, the isolation and protection effect of the edge area 110b around the light-receiving surface 101 of the battery cell can be improved. At the same time, the overall structural strength of the first protective structure 510 can be increased, and the service life of the first protective structure 510 can be improved.

[0153] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 5 , the second protection structure 530 includes a plurality of third protrusions 513 , and the third protrusions 513 are arranged at intervals in the middle area 110 a .

[0154] In an embodiment of the present application, a plurality of spaced-apart third protrusions 513 are provided in the middle area 110a of the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell, so that when the cell cells are stacked, the plurality of third protrusions 513 can serve as an isolation and protection between the upper and lower cell cells, thereby preventing the electrode 110 in the upper cell cell from rubbing and scratching the light-receiving surface 101 of the lower cell cell.

[0155] Optionally, as shown in FIG6 , the cell body 100a has four side edges 103 , and the distance between the boundary of the edge region 110b close to the middle region 110a (as shown in the dotted box in FIG6 ) and the corresponding side edge 103 is D, satisfying: 2cm≤D≤5cm.

[0156] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the distance range between the boundary of the edge area 110b close to the side of the middle area 110a and the corresponding edge of the battery cell body, the first protective structure 510 can be used to form effective isolation protection for a certain area around the edge of the light-receiving surface 101, and at the same time, avoid the area where the first protective structure 510 is set being too large to affect other structural designs of the battery cell.

[0157] It should be noted that the boundary of the edge region 110b close to the middle region 110a refers to a trajectory formed at the junction of the edge region 110b and the middle region 110a.

[0158] In a specific application, the battery cell body 100a has four sides 103. Along a direction perpendicular to each side 103, the straight-line distance from the boundary corresponding to the side 103 to the side 103 can be measured to obtain the value of the distance D. The specific measurement method can be flexibly set according to actual conditions and is not limited in this embodiment of the present application. For example, the distance D between the boundary of the edge region 110b on the side close to the middle region 110a and the corresponding side 103 can be set to any value such as 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, 3.5 cm, 4 cm, 4.5 cm, 5 cm, or a range between any two values.

[0159] 5 , along the thickness direction of the cell body 100a, the height H3 of the first protection structure 510 is equal to the height H4 of the second protection structure 530. The thickness direction refers to the direction from the light-receiving surface 101 to the backlight surface 102 of the cell body 100a.

[0160] In the embodiment of the present application, the height of the first protective structure 510 is set to be equal to the height of the second protective structure 530, so that when the battery cells are stacked, the first protective structure 510 and the second protective structure 530 on the surface of the lower battery cell can contact the upper battery cell at the same time, so that each position between the two battery cells is evenly stressed, thereby avoiding deformation and damage to the battery cells due to uneven local stress.

[0161] Optionally, as shown in FIG5 , the value ranges of the height H3 of the first protective structure 510 and the height H4 of the second protective structure 530 can refer to the value ranges of the isolation bumps in the first group of embodiments described above. The height of the first protective structure is H3, satisfying 2μm≤H3≤80μm; the height of the second protective structure is H4, satisfying 2μm≤H4≤80μm. The beneficial effects corresponding to this value range can also be referred to above and will not be repeated here. In some examples, the height of the first protective structure is H3, satisfying 10μm≤H3≤40μm; the height of the second protective structure is H4, satisfying 10μm≤H4≤40μm.

[0162] Optionally, as shown in Figure 5, the first protective structure 510 and the second protective structure 530 are arranged on the light-receiving surface 101 of the battery cell body 100a, and the backlight surface 102 of the battery cell body 100a is provided with a plurality of electrodes 110 arranged at intervals. Along the direction from the light-receiving surface 101 to the backlight surface 102, the orthographic projection of the first protective structure 510 is staggered with the orthographic projection of the electrode 110; and / or, the orthographic projection of the second protective structure 530 is staggered with the orthographic projection of the electrode 110.

[0163] In an embodiment of the present application, the orthographic projection of the first protective structure 510 is staggered with the orthographic projection of the electrode 110, and / or the orthographic projection of the second protective structure 530 is staggered with the orthographic projection of the electrode 110, so that during the battery cell stacking process, the protective structure on the surface of the lower battery cell contacts the area on the backlight surface 102 of the upper battery cell except the electrode 110, thereby achieving isolation between the two battery cells and avoiding mutual interference between the protective structure and the electrode 110.

[0164] The structure of the third group of solar cells according to the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 7 .

[0165] In this embodiment, the isolation member includes an isolation film 540. Referring to FIG7 , which shows a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application, the solar cell includes a cell body and an isolation film 540 . The isolation film 540 is disposed on the light-receiving surface of the cell body; a hollow structure 520 is provided on the isolation film 540 .

[0166] In some examples, an electrode 110 is disposed on the backlight surface of the cell body 100 a .

[0167] In some embodiments of the present application, the isolation film 540 in the solar cell is provided with a hollow structure 520. The hollow structure 520 can reduce costs, reduce light blocking, and appropriately ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0168] Optionally, at room temperature, the isolation film 540 is a solid component; at high temperature, the isolation film 540 is pyrolyzed and vaporized; wherein the high temperature condition is at least one of a drying and curing process and a string welding process in subsequent processing of the solar cell.

[0169] At this time, the isolation film 540 has a certain stability at room temperature, preventing the isolation film 540 from being in a molten flow state at room temperature. The isolation film 540 can play an isolating role and prevent the light-receiving surface of the cell body 100a from being damaged. In the subsequent processing of the solar cell, such as at least one of the drying and curing process and the string welding process, the solar cell will be in a high-temperature condition; the isolation film 540 pyrolyzes and vaporizes under high temperature, or the material used for the isolation film 540 can be consistent with the packaging film, which can be well matched with the subsequent production of photovoltaic modules, that is, it can be well integrated with the packaging film during the subsequent lamination process. Therefore, the isolation film 540 does not need to be removed separately, and the subsequent transfer and processing of the solar cell is simpler, which can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module and solve the problems of the cost and photoelectric conversion rate of the solar cell.

[0170] Optionally, the melting point of the isolation film 540 is greater than or equal to 70° C. and less than or equal to 130° C.; and the boiling point of the isolation film 540 is greater than or equal to 170° C. and less than or equal to 340° C.

[0171] When the melting point temperature and boiling point temperature of the isolation film 540 of the solar cell of the embodiment of the present application are within the above range, the isolation film 540 has a certain stability in a normal temperature environment, avoiding the isolation film 540 being in a molten flow state in a normal temperature environment; and the isolation film 540 of the solar cell will be thermally decomposed in the subsequent component manufacturing end, and the isolation film 540 does not need to be removed separately, and the subsequent transfer and processing process of the solar cell is simpler, which can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic component.

[0172] It is understood that the melting point temperature of the isolation film 540 is selected according to specific usage requirements. For example, the melting point temperature of the isolation film 540 is any value among 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 105°C, 110°C, 120°C, and 130°C. The boiling point temperature of the isolation film 540 is any value among 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, 210°C, 220°C, 230°C, 250°C, 270°C, 290°C, 300°C, 310°C, 320°C, 330°C, and 340°C.

[0173] Optionally, at room temperature, the isolation film 540 is a solid component; during the lamination process in subsequent processing of the solar cell, the isolation film 540 cross-links with the encapsulation film. In this case, the isolation film 540 maintains a certain stability at room temperature, preventing the isolation film 540 from being in a molten, fluid state at room temperature. The isolation film 540 acts as an insulator, preventing damage to the light-receiving surface of the cell body 100a. During the lamination process in subsequent processing of the solar cell, the isolation film 540 melts and cross-links with the encapsulation film; therefore, the isolation film 540 does not need to be removed separately, simplifying the subsequent transfer and processing of the solar cell, effectively reducing the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module.

[0174] Optionally, in another embodiment of the present application, the melting point of the isolation film 540 is greater than or equal to 130° C. and less than or equal to 160° C.

[0175] It can be understood that the melting point temperature of the isolation film 540 is selected according to the specific usage requirements. For example, the melting point temperature of the isolation film 540 is any value among 130℃, 135℃, 140℃, 145℃, 148℃, 150℃, 155℃, and 160℃.

[0176] Specifically, to maintain the isolation stability of the separator 540 and prevent its shape from changing arbitrarily, the melting point of the material used should generally be no less than 70°C, thereby preventing the separator 540 from being in a molten, fluid state at room temperature. Furthermore, to prevent deformation or damage to the cell body 100a and other components due to excessive heating during the subsequent lamination process, the melting point should generally be no more than 300°C.

[0177] The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the material of the isolation film 540. For example, the isolation film 540 is a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, and the boiling point of PVA is about 180°C. A layer of PVA film is provided on the cell body 100a. The PVA film is solid at room temperature. After the insulating glue and / or gray glue are applied to the component end, there is a drying and curing stage at the component end. The drying and curing temperature can be between 180°C and 340°C. During this stage, the PVA film will pyrolyze, and the isolation film 540 does not need to be removed. The subsequent transfer and processing of the solar cell is simpler, which can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module. After the PVA film is pyrolyzed, it may or may not leave a trace on the cell body 100a. The trace left on the cell body 100a can be used as an identifier of the light-receiving surface of the cell body 100a.

[0178] The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the material of the isolation film 540. For example, the material of the isolation film 540 can also be ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) or polyolefin elastomer (POE). A layer of EVA isolation film or POE isolation film is set on the light-receiving surface of the battery cell body 100a; when the EVA isolation film or POE isolation film is in a room temperature environment, its solid state form is relatively stable, and the EVA isolation film or POE isolation film can play a good isolation role. The EVA isolation film or POE isolation film does not need to be removed. When the components are laminated, the EVA isolation film or POE isolation film is directly laminated and cross-linked with the component packaging film (referred to as the packaging film), avoiding waste of the isolation film 540, and reducing the amount of packaging film, saving lamination costs. The isolation film 540 is consistent with the packaging film, which can well match the subsequent production of photovoltaic components, that is, it can be well integrated with the packaging film during the subsequent lamination process. The subsequent transfer and processing process of the solar cell is simpler, which can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic component.

[0179] It is understandable that the material of the isolation film 540 can be selected according to the use requirements, for example, at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and polyolefin elastomer can be selected.

[0180] In some examples, in practical applications, the thickness of the isolation film 540 needs to be higher than the height of the main grid line or the insulating glue.

[0181] Specifically, when the solar cell is a back-contact solar cell and includes a busbar, the thickness of the isolation film 540 is greater than the height of the busbar. When the solar cell includes a fine grid line or insulating adhesive, the thickness of the isolation film 540 is greater than the height of the fine grid line or insulating adhesive.

[0182] 9 to 10 , the structure of the solar cell of the fourth group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail.

[0183] In this group of embodiments, as shown in Figure 9, the solar cell 100 according to some embodiments of the present application includes: a cell body 100a, the cell body 100a has a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface, the backlight surface is provided with an electrode 110, and the light-receiving surface is provided with a plurality of spaced-apart isolation members 120, and the extension direction of at least some of the isolation members 120 is staggered with the extension direction of the electrode 110.

[0184] In the embodiment of the present application, by providing a plurality of spaced-apart spacers 120 on the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell 100, the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell 100 can be isolated and protected during the stacking process of the cell 100, thereby preventing the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell 100 from being scratched by the electrode 110 on the adjacent cell 100. At the same time, compared with providing an isolation film layer on the entire surface, the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell 100 can be less obstructed, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the cell 100. In addition, by providing the extension direction of at least some of the spacers 120 to intersect with the extension direction of the electrode 110, it is ensured that when the cell 100 is stacked, some of the spacers 120 can always form an isolation support for the electrode 110 on the adjacent cell 100, thereby further improving the isolation and protection of the light-receiving surface 101.

[0185] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 , the isolating member 120 is formed by a plurality of dot-shaped protrusions and / or a plurality of linear protrusions arranged in sequence and at intervals along a preset direction, where the preset direction is the extending direction of the isolating member.

[0186] In an embodiment of the present application, an isolation member 120 is formed by a plurality of point-shaped protrusions and / or a plurality of linear protrusions arranged in sequence along a preset direction, so that the isolation member 120 can be used to isolate and protect the surface of the battery cell 100 while further reducing the coverage area of ​​the isolation member 120 on the surface of the battery cell body 100a, thereby saving materials for preparing the isolation member.

[0187] In addition, in the process of preparing photovoltaic modules from the cell 100, it is usually necessary to form a polymer layer on the surface of the cell body 100a, and the isolation member 120 is located between the polymer layer and the cell body 100a. By reducing the coverage area of ​​the isolation member 120 on the surface of the cell body 100a, it helps to increase the contact area between the polymer layer and the cell body 100a, thereby reducing the impact of the setting of the isolation member 120 on the interface bonding force between the polymer layer and the cell body 100a.

[0188] Specifically, a plurality of isolation members 120 may be provided on the surface of the battery cell body 100a, each isolation member 120 being formed by a plurality of point-shaped protrusions arranged in sequence at intervals, or by a plurality of line-shaped protrusions arranged in sequence at intervals, or by a plurality of point-shaped protrusions and a plurality of line-shaped protrusions arranged in sequence at intervals.

[0189] For example, as shown in FIG10 , the plurality of dot-shaped protrusions within the dotted box form a spacer 120 , and multiple spacers 120 can be formed on the surface of the battery cell body. The sequential arrangement direction of the plurality of dot-shaped protrusions in each spacer 120 is the extension direction of the spacer 120 .

[0190] It is understood that when the spacer 120 is composed of multiple dot-shaped protrusions, a row of closely spaced dot-shaped protrusions is referred to as one spacer 120. A dot-shaped protrusion refers to a protrusion structure having a relatively small difference between its dimensions along the extending direction of the spacer 120 and its dimensions perpendicular to the extending direction of the spacer 120. A line-shaped protrusion refers to a protrusion structure having a relatively large difference between its dimensions along the extending direction of the spacer 120 and its dimensions perpendicular to the extending direction of the spacer 120.

[0191] In other embodiments, as shown in FIG9 , the isolation member 120 is a continuously extending strip-shaped protrusion, wherein the extending direction of the strip-shaped protrusion is the extending direction of the isolation member 120 .

[0192] In the embodiment of the present application, the isolation member 120 is provided as a continuously extending strip-shaped protrusion, which facilitates actual design and processing. At the same time, the strip-shaped protrusion has a relatively large bonding force with the surface of the battery cell body 100a, is not easily damaged during use, and can enhance the isolation and protection effect on the battery cell.

[0193] Optionally, as shown in Figure 10, the isolation member 120 includes a plurality of first isolation members 121 arranged at intervals, the extension directions of the plurality of first isolation members 121 are consistent, and the extension direction of the first isolation member 121 is staggered with the extension direction of the electrode 110. In this way, it is convenient for actual processing and manufacturing, and the plurality of first isolation members 121 can be used to form an effective isolation and protection effect on the light-receiving surface 101.

[0194] Optionally, as shown in FIG10 , the isolating member 120 further includes a plurality of second isolating members 122 , which are arranged at intervals, and the extension directions of the second isolating members 122 are respectively intersected with the extension directions of the first isolating member 121 and the electrode 110 .

[0195] It is understandable that if only an isolating member 120 extending in a single direction is provided on the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell 100, when the cell 100 falling from above is offset at a certain angle during the stacking process, it is possible that the electrode 110 on the backlight surface 102 of the upper cell 100 is exactly parallel to the isolating member 120 on the light-receiving surface 101 of the lower cell 100. In this case, there is a possibility that the isolating member 120 is offset into the gap between the electrodes 110, making it impossible for the isolating member 120 to form an effective isolation support for the electrode 110, thereby causing the electrode 110 to directly contact the light-receiving surface 101 of the lower cell 100, which can easily cause the light-receiving surface 101 of the lower cell 100 to be scratched. It should be noted that when the electrode 110 is a bus electrode, a collector electrode is also provided at a position perpendicular to the bus electrode. The cell 100 may also have only a collector electrode without a bus electrode, in which case the electrode 110 is the collector electrode. In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG10 , by providing the first isolating member 121 and the second isolating member 122, the extension direction of the first isolating member 121 and the second isolating member 122 are staggered with the extension direction of the electrode 110, and the extension directions of the first isolating member 121 and the second isolating member 122 are also staggered. In this way, during the stacking process of the battery cells 100, when the battery cell 100 falling from above is offset, even if the electrode in the upper battery cell 100 is parallel to one of the first isolating member 121 and the second isolating member 122, the other one can be used to form an effective isolation support for the electrode 110, thereby avoiding the isolation failure problem caused by the electrode 110 in the upper battery cell 100 being exactly parallel to the isolating member 120 in the lower battery cell 100, and improving the isolation protection effect on the surface of the battery cell 100.

[0196] Optionally, as shown in Figure 10, the light receiving surface 101 includes four areas, namely, a first area 102a, a second area 102b, a third area 102c and a fourth area 102d; the first area 102a and the second area 102b are arranged along the first direction X, and the third area 102c and the fourth area 102d are arranged along the first direction X; the first area 102a and the third area 102c are arranged along the second direction Y, and the second area 102b and the fourth area 102d are arranged along the second direction Y, and the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y; a first isolation member 121 is provided in the second area 102b and the third area 102c, and a second isolation member 122 is provided in the first area 102a and the fourth area 102d.

[0197] In the embodiment of the present application, the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell body 100a is divided into four regions. Within the four regions, the spacers 120 in two diagonally distributed regions have the same structure, while the spacers 120 in two adjacent regions extend in different directions. This ensures that the spacers 120 and electrodes 110 between two adjacent cells 100 overlap to the greatest extent possible during the cell stacking process, regardless of any deflection or bending of the cell 100. This enhances the isolation and protection of the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell 100.

[0198] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the positions of the first isolation member 121 and the second isolation member 122 in each region can be interchanged and can be flexibly set according to actual conditions, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0199] 11 to 13 , the structure of the solar cell of the fifth group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail.

[0200] In this group of embodiments, the solar cell includes: a cell body 100a, including a first surface and a second surface relative to each other; a plurality of collecting electrodes 63, arranged on the first surface of the cell body 100a; a plurality of isolation members 120, arranged on the first surface and / or the second surface of the cell body 100a, as shown in Figure 11, the extension direction of the isolation member 120 intersects with the extension direction of the collecting electrode 63; the isolation member 120 includes a plurality of isolation bumps 621 arranged along the extension direction of the isolation member 120.

[0201] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of isolation bumps 621 arranged in a row at a close distance constitute an isolation member 120. As shown in FIG11 , a plurality of isolation bumps 621 strung together by a dotted arrow line form an isolation member 120, that is, five isolation members 120 are schematically shown in FIG11 .

[0202] Specifically, as shown in Figure 11, the extending direction of the collector electrode 63 is parallel to direction S1, and the extending direction of the separator 120 is parallel to direction S2. The extending direction of the separator 120 and the extending direction of the collector electrode 63 may not be perpendicular to each other. Multiple separators 120 are arranged in a spaced relationship along direction S3 perpendicular to the collector electrode 63, and directions S2 and S3 intersect. As shown in Figure 12, the extending direction of the separator 120 and the extending direction of the collector electrode 63 may be perpendicular to each other, and directions S2 and S3 are the same.

[0203] In some examples, the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 is greater than the distance between two adjacent collector electrodes 63 .

[0204] In the embodiment of the present application, a collector electrode 63 is disposed on the first surface of the cell body 100a, and a spacer 120 is disposed on the first and / or second surfaces of the cell body 100a. Thus, during the stacking and transportation of the solar cells, the spacer 120 can be positioned between two adjacent cell bodies 100a, providing isolation and protection, thereby preventing the collector electrode, busbar electrode, terminal wire, or solder pad on one solar cell from scratching the second surface of another solar cell. Furthermore, since the spacer 120 includes a plurality of isolation bumps 621 along its extension direction, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same spacer 120 along the extension direction of the spacer 120 is greater than the spacing between two adjacent collector electrodes 63. Consequently, the isolation bumps 621 are relatively sparsely spaced. This not only reduces the manufacturing cost of the spacer 120, but also reduces the number of isolation bumps 621, thereby reducing shading and improving the light absorption rate of the cell body 100a.

[0205] Specifically, the busbar, collector electrode 63, terminal wire, and pad are all arranged on the first side of the cell body 100a. The busbar is the main grid on the cell body 100a, and the collector electrode 63 is the fine grid on the cell body 100a. The collector electrode 63 can be either a positive or negative grid line.

[0206] Specifically, the separator 120 may be arranged on the first side of the cell body 100a, or on the second side of the cell body 100a, or on both the first and second sides of the cell body 100a. In the embodiment of the present application, the collector electrode 63 and the separator 120 may be arranged on the same side of the cell body 100a, or the collector electrode 63 and the separator 120 may be arranged on opposite sides of the cell body 100a.

[0207] In some embodiments, the extension direction of the isolation member 120 may intersect with the extension direction of the collecting electrode 63 to ensure that when the solar cells are stacked, at least part of the isolation member 120 can always isolate and protect the light-receiving surfaces of adjacent solar cells.

[0208] In some embodiments, all the spacers 120 may extend in the same direction.

[0209] In other embodiments, the extension directions of the plurality of isolation members 120 may not be completely the same, as shown in the aforementioned reference FIG. 10 .

[0210] Specifically, the spacer 120 may include a plurality of spaced-apart isolation bumps 621 along its extension direction, which can reduce the coverage of the first surface and / or the second surface by the spacer 120 and reduce the manufacturing cost of the spacer 120. Furthermore, by reducing the coverage of the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, it can also reduce the obstruction of the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0211] In some examples, the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 is greater than the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes 63. Since the isolation bumps 621 are arranged relatively sparsely, it is convenient to further reduce the coverage of the isolation bumps 621 on the first surface and / or the second surface.

[0212] For example, as shown in Figures 11 to 12, the collecting electrode 63 extends along the S1 direction, the isolation member 120 extends along the S2 direction, the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the S2 direction is L61, and the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes 63 is L62, L61>L62.

[0213] It should be noted that, in the present application, the spacing between two adjacent collector electrodes 63 is the width of the gap between the two adjacent collector electrodes 63 in the S3 direction, that is, the spacing between the boundaries of the two adjacent collector electrodes 63 in the S3 direction. The spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 can be the spacing between the centers of the two adjacent isolation bumps 621, that is, the spacing between the centers of the two adjacent isolation bumps 621, or it can be the width of the gap between the two adjacent isolation bumps 621, that is, the spacing between the boundaries of the two adjacent isolation bumps 621.

[0214] For example, the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 can be the distance between the centers of two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120, or the minimum distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120.

[0215] The distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 can be the distance between the centers of the two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63, or the minimum distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63.

[0216] In the embodiment of the present application, the collector electrode 63 can be regularly arranged on the first surface. The spacer 120 can be regularly arranged on the first surface and / or the second surface, or the spacer 120 can be regularly arranged on at least one local area of ​​the first surface and / or the second surface, and the spacer 120 can be not provided for other areas, or the spacer 120 in other areas is irregularly distributed. Specifically, as shown in Figures 11 and 12, only a local area of ​​the first surface and / or the second surface is illustrated. The arrangement of the spacer 120 and the collector electrode 63 can be referred to in the above, and this application will not repeat it here.

[0217] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 is greater than the spacing between two adjacent collecting electrodes 63. This can improve the sparsity of the isolation bumps 621 while ensuring that the isolation member 120 isolates and protects the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, thereby reducing the production cost of the isolation bumps 621 and improving the light absorption rate of the solar cell.

[0218] Specifically, as shown in FIG11 to FIG12, the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction S3 perpendicular to the collector electrode 63 is L63, and the distance between two adjacent collector electrodes 63 is L62, L63>L62.

[0219] In other optional embodiments of the present application, the spacing between two adjacent isolation protrusions 621 in the same isolation member 120 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 may also be smaller than the spacing between two adjacent collecting electrodes 63, so as to more effectively prevent the collecting electrode 63, bus electrode, terminal wire or welding pad of a solar cell from scratching another solar cell stacked therewith.

[0220] In some optional embodiments, the plurality of collecting electrodes 63 include a first collecting electrode 631 and a second collecting electrode 632 arranged alternately in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 ; one of the first collecting electrode 631 and the second collecting electrode 632 is a positive grid line, and the other is a negative grid line.

[0221] Optionally, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 is greater than the spacing between two adjacent first collecting electrodes 631. In this way, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 is greater than the spacing between collecting electrodes 63 of the same polarity, which can further increase the sparsity of the isolation bumps 621, reduce the number of isolation bumps 621, reduce the production cost of the isolation bumps 621 and the coverage of the isolation bumps 621 on the battery cell body 100a, and improve the light absorption rate of the battery cell body 100a.

[0222] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 , the distance between two adjacent first collecting electrodes 631 is L64 , where L61 > L64 .

[0223] In other embodiments, the distance between two adjacent isolation protrusions 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 is smaller than the distance between two adjacent first collecting electrodes 631, so as to more effectively prevent the collecting electrode 63, bus electrode, terminal wire or welding pad of a solar cell from scratching another solar cell stacked therewith.

[0224] Optionally, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 is greater than the spacing between two adjacent second collecting electrodes 632. In this way, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 is greater than the spacing between collecting electrodes 63 of the same polarity, which can further increase the sparsity of the isolation bumps 621 and reduce the manufacturing cost of the isolation bumps 621.

[0225] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 , the distance between two adjacent second collecting electrodes 632 is L65 , and L61 > L65 .

[0226] In other embodiments, the distance between two adjacent isolation protrusions 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 is smaller than the distance between two adjacent second collecting electrodes 632, so as to more effectively prevent the collecting electrode 63, bus electrode, terminal wire or welding pad of a solar cell from scratching another solar cell stacked therewith.

[0227] Optionally, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 is greater than the spacing between two adjacent first collecting electrodes 631. In this way, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 is greater than the spacing between collecting electrodes 63 of the same polarity, which can further increase the sparsity of the isolation bumps 621, reduce the number of isolation bumps 621, reduce the production cost of the isolation bumps 621, and improve the light absorption rate of the solar cell.

[0228] Specifically, as shown in FIG11 to FIG12, the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction S3 perpendicular to the collector electrode 63 is L63, and the distance between two adjacent first collector electrodes 631 is L64, L63>L64.

[0229] Optionally, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 is greater than the spacing between two adjacent second collecting electrodes 632. In this way, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 is greater than the spacing between collecting electrodes 63 of the same polarity, which can further increase the sparsity of the isolation bumps 621, reduce the production cost of the isolation bumps 621, and improve the light absorption rate of the solar cell.

[0230] Specifically, as shown in FIG11 to FIG12, the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction S3 perpendicular to the collector electrode 63 is L63, and the distance between two adjacent second collector electrodes 632 is L65, L63>L65.

[0231] In some other optional embodiments of the present application, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 may also be smaller than the spacing between two adjacent first collecting electrodes 631, and / or, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 may also be smaller than the spacing between two adjacent second collecting electrodes 632, so that the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 is smaller than the spacing between two collecting electrodes 63 of the same polarity, so as to more effectively prevent the collecting electrode, bus electrode, terminal line, welding pad, etc. of a solar cell from scratching another solar cell stacked with it.

[0232] In some optional embodiments, the height of the isolation bump 621 is greater than or equal to the height of the collecting electrode 63. In this way, under the isolation effect of the isolation bump 621, the isolation bump 621 can directly contact the first surface of another stacked battery cell body 100a, and the collecting electrode 63 can be suspended. Alternatively, the isolation bump 621 can also directly contact the collecting electrode 63 on another stacked solar cell, which can effectively prevent the collecting electrode 63 from rubbing and damaging the light-receiving surface of the solar cell.

[0233] In some examples, the isolation member 120 is arranged on the second surface, and the projection of at least one isolation bump 621 on the first surface overlaps with the collector electrode 63. Using this technical solution, when multiple solar cells are stacked, it is easy for at least one isolation bump 621 on one solar cell to contact the collector electrode 63 on another solar cell, thereby effectively preventing the collector electrode, bus electrode, solder pad, terminal wire, etc. from scratching the surface of the cell body 100a. Of course, in other examples, the projection of the isolation bump 621 on the first surface may not overlap with the collector electrode 63. In this case, the height and number of the isolation bumps 621, the arrangement of the multiple isolation bumps 621, the stacking method of the multiple solar cells, etc. can be set so that the isolation bump 621 can prevent the collector electrode, bus electrode, solder pad, terminal wire, etc. from scratching the surface of the cell body 100a.

[0234] In some optional embodiments, the isolation member 120 may be arranged on the first surface, and the isolation bump 621 may be spaced apart from the collector electrode 63 to prevent the isolation bump 621 from affecting the electrical connection between the bus electrode or the interconnection member and the collector electrode 63. The interconnection member may be a soldering tape or a conductive tape.

[0235] Optionally, the height range of the isolation bump 621 may refer to the other groups of embodiments described above, which will not be described in detail here.

[0236] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes a collecting electrode and a pad, and the height of the isolation bump 621 is greater than or equal to the height of the higher of the collecting electrode 63 and the pad. This can prevent the collecting electrode and the pad of one solar cell from contacting the light-receiving surface of another stacked solar cell, thereby ensuring that the isolation bump 621 can play an isolation and protection role, and prevent the collecting electrode and the pad on one solar cell from scratching the light-receiving surface of another solar cell.

[0237] Specifically, the pads are used to electrically connect to the interconnectors to connect different solar cells.

[0238] In other embodiments, the solar cell includes a collecting electrode 63, a welding pad, and a bus electrode. The bus electrode is electrically connected to the multiple collecting electrodes 63 for converging the collected current together. The welding pad is electrically connected to the bus electrode. The height of the isolation bump 621 is greater than or equal to the height of the higher one of the welding pad, the collecting electrode 63 and the bus electrode. This can prevent the welding pad, the collecting electrode 63 and the bus electrode of one solar cell from contacting the light-receiving surface of another stacked solar cell, so as to ensure that the isolation bump 621 can play an isolation and protection role, and prevent the welding pad, the collecting electrode 63 and the bus electrode on one solar cell from scratching the light-receiving surface of another solar cell.

[0239] In some other embodiments, the solar cell includes a collecting electrode, a welding pad and an end line. Each of the multiple collecting electrodes located at the edge of the cell body 100a includes a plurality of collecting electrode segments arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the collecting electrode. The end line is electrically connected to the multiple collecting electrode segments located at the edge of the cell body 100a. Here, the multiple collecting electrodes located in the middle area of ​​the cell body are arranged continuously, and the welding pad is arranged on the end line and the continuous collecting electrodes. The height of the isolation bump 621 is greater than the height of the higher one among the welding pad, the collecting electrode 63 and the end line. This can prevent the collecting electrode, welding pad and end line of one solar cell from contacting the light-receiving surface of another stacked solar cell, so as to ensure that the isolation bump 621 can play an isolation and protection role, and prevent the collecting electrode, welding pad and end line on one solar cell from scratching the light-receiving surface of another solar cell.

[0240] Specifically, the terminal line is used to connect the collector electrodes 63 of the same polarity, and the terminal line may include a first terminal line connected to multiple first sub-collector electrodes 6311 and a second terminal line connected to multiple second sub-collector electrodes 6321 .

[0241] This application takes into account that when designing the isolation bumps, if the size of the isolation bump 621 is too small, it will be difficult to implement in terms of process. If the size of the isolation bump 621 is too large, it will block too much light, which is not conducive to the light absorption of the battery cell body 100a. Therefore, in some embodiments, the maximum size of the isolation bump 621 is d. When the projection of the isolation bump 621 on the first surface is circular or approximately circular, the maximum size is the diameter of the isolation bump 621, where 50μm≤d≤2000μm. In the embodiments of the present application, by limiting the diameter of the isolation bump 621, the manufacturing difficulty of the isolation member 120 is relatively low, while at the same time ensuring the light absorption capacity of the battery cell body 100a. The maximum size of the isolation bump in other embodiments can refer to this embodiment.

[0242] For example, the diameter of the isolation bump 621 may be 50 μm, 255 μm, 380 μm, 500 μm, 850 μm, 1150 μm, 1500 μm, 1860 μm, 1900 μm, 2000 μm, etc.

[0243] This application considers that if the coverage of the isolation bump 621 on the first and / or second surfaces is too low, the isolation bump 621 may be less effective in preventing scratches on the surface of the cell body 100a. If the coverage of the isolation bump 621 on the first and / or second surfaces is too high, light blocking may be severe, hindering light absorption by the cell body 100a. Therefore, in some embodiments, the coverage of the isolation bump 621 on the first and / or second surfaces is designed to be S81, with 0.5% ≤ S81 ≤ 10%. This effectively ensures that the isolation bump 621 prevents scratches on the surface of the cell body 100a while maintaining the light absorption capacity of the cell body 100a. In other embodiments, the coverage of the isolation member can refer to this embodiment.

[0244] Specifically, when the isolation member 120 is arranged on both the first surface and the second surface, the coverage of the isolation bump 621 on the first surface and the coverage of the isolation bump 621 on the second surface may be the same or different, and this embodiment of the application does not specifically limit this.

[0245] For example, the coverage of the isolation bump 621 on the first surface or the second surface may be 0.5%, 1.2%, 2%, 3.6%, 4.1%, 5%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.8%, 8%, 9.3%, 10%, etc.

[0246] 14 to 17 , the structure of the solar cell of the sixth group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail.

[0247] In this group of embodiments, the solar cell includes a cell body 100a, and a plurality of spacers 120 are provided on at least one side of the cell body 100a. As shown in FIG14 , the spacer 120 includes a central portion 712 and a peripheral portion 711 provided around the central portion 712. As shown in FIG16 , a surface of the central portion 712 away from the cell body 100a has a recess 7121. In a direction perpendicular to the cell body 100a, the minimum height of the central portion 712 is H71, and the maximum height of the spacer 120 is H70, satisfying the following conditions:

[0248] Because the recess 7121 is provided in the center portion 712, and the minimum height H71 of the center portion 712 and the maximum height H70 of the spacer 120 satisfy the aforementioned relationship, when the spacer 120 contacts the surface of the solar cell of the photovoltaic module above, the squeezing effect of the adjacent solar cells causes the spacer 120 to deform, expelling the air within the recess 7121. The spacer 120 then exerts a certain negative pressure adsorption effect, adsorbing and fixing the two adjacent solar cells together, preventing tilting during the stacking and transportation of multiple solar cells. It also prevents the spacer 120 from moving relative to the adjacent solar cells, which could scratch the solar cells or cause hidden cracks. Of course, it is understood that the recess does not hinder the subsequent separation of the solar cells during lamination. In addition, when the photovoltaic module is in use, the recess can increase the overall light transmittance of the spacer, allowing more light to illuminate the solar cells, thereby increasing the solar cell's power generation efficiency. Furthermore, the provision of the recess 7121 can also save glue material and reduce the production cost of the solar cells.

[0249] It is understood that the relationship between the minimum height H71 of the center portion 712 and the maximum height H70 of the isolation member 120 can be set according to the use requirements. For example, H71 is One of the above ratios, and multiple ratios between the above ratios. It is understood that if If the depression is too small, the overall light transmittance of the spacer will be affected, and the negative pressure cavity formed will be too small, which will also affect the effectiveness of preventing the solar cell from moving or tilting. If H71 = 0, that is, there is no central part, the isolation and stability of the spacer cannot be guaranteed by relying solely on the peripheral part.

[0250] In a specific embodiment, the spacer 120 is disposed on the light-receiving surface 101 of the solar cell.

[0251] In some embodiments, the isolation member 120 is disposed on the light-receiving surface 101, and the light-receiving surface 101 has a pyramid-shaped microstructure. The minimum height H71 of the center portion 712 is the vertical distance from the lowest point of the recess 7121 to the highest point of the pyramid-shaped microstructure, and the maximum height H70 of the isolation member 120 is the vertical distance from the highest point of the isolation member 120 to the highest point of the pyramid-shaped microstructure.

[0252] In the embodiment of the present application, the minimum height H71 of the central portion 712 is the vertical distance from the lowest point of the recess 7121 to the highest point of the pyramid-shaped microstructure, and the maximum height H70 of the isolating member 120 is the vertical distance from the highest point of the isolating member 120 to the highest point of the pyramid-shaped microstructure. The isolating member 120 increases the light trapping property and improves the light absorption efficiency without affecting the above-mentioned beneficial effects of the pyramid-shaped microstructure, so as to utilize more solar energy; and avoids scratching the pyramid-shaped microstructure when multiple solar cells are stacked, thereby ensuring the performance of the solar cells.

[0253] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 15 , the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the spacer 120 on the cell body 100 a is W70 , the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the center portion 712 on the cell body 100 a is W71 , and H70 ≤ (W70 − W71 ) / 2.

[0254] In the embodiment of the present application, when the maximum size W70 of the orthographic projection of the isolation member 120 on the battery cell body 100a, the maximum size W71 of the orthographic projection of the center portion 712 on the battery cell body 100a, and the maximum height H70 of the isolation member 120 have the above-mentioned proportional relationship, the connection area between the isolation member 120 and the surface of the battery cell body 100a is large, the isolation member 120 is relatively firmly arranged on the surface of the battery cell body 100a, and the adjacent solar cell cells are better supported. When the isolation member 120 adsorbs and fixes the adjacent solar cell cells, the isolation member 120 can better adsorb and fix the two adjacent solar cell cells, thereby avoiding tilting during the stacking and transportation of multiple solar cell cells.

[0255] It is understood that the relationship between the maximum dimension W70 of the orthographic projection of the spacer 120 on the cell body 100a, the maximum dimension W71 of the orthographic projection of the center portion 712 on the cell body 100a, and the maximum height H70 of the spacer 120 is specifically set according to usage requirements. For example, H70 is one of (W70-W71) / 12, (W70-W71) / 6, (W70-W71) / 4, (W70-W71) / 3, 5 (W70-W71) / 12, (W70-W71) / 2, and multiple ratios therebetween. If H70 is greater than (W70-W71) / 2, the stability of the peripheral portion on one side may be affected.

[0256] 16 and 20 , the spacer 120 further includes a covering layer 7124 (the box portion in FIG. 20 is the covering layer 7124), which partially or completely covers the recess 7121. In the embodiment of the present application, the provision of the covering layer 7124 can prevent the encapsulating film 730 from filling the recess 7121 when the spacer 120 and the encapsulating film 730 are connected, thereby preventing the encapsulating film 730 from filling the recess 7121 and affecting the function of the recess 7121, thereby ensuring the light trapping property of the spacer 120. In combination with the above-mentioned embodiment, when the recess 7121 has a relatively small projected size, the covering layer 7124 can compensate for the effects caused by the small size of the recess, such as insufficient increase in light transmittance and decreased adsorption stability.

[0257] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG16 , at least one cavity 7113 is provided within the outer portion 711. The provision of the cavity 7113 allows incident light to be reflected multiple times at the spacer 120, thereby extending the path length of the light within the photovoltaic module, increasing light trapping and improving light absorption efficiency, and utilizing more solar energy.

[0258] 18 to 22 , the structure of the solar cell of the seventh group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail.

[0259] When performing performance tests on solar cells, some tests will contact the test probe of the test device with the test points such as the collector electrode and pad of the solar cell. For example, referring to Figure 22, when performing an IV test, i.e., a current-voltage characteristic test, the test probe 852 is contacted with a test point such as a pad. In order to ensure that the test probe 852 is in full and effective contact with the test point, a pressing member 851 is also used to press against the opposite surface of the solar cell where the collector electrode 63 is provided. The inventors have discovered that since the heights of the multiple isolation members 120 vary during manufacture, if the pressing member 851 contacts the isolation member 120, the pressure on the test points on the back of the solar cell will be different during testing, resulting in different degrees of contact between the test probe 852 and the test points on the back of the solar cell, which will result in test differences during testing and affect the accuracy of the test results. The solar cell disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can solve the above problems.

[0260] In this group of embodiments, the embodiments of the present application disclose a solar cell. As shown in FIG18 , the solar cell includes a cell body 100a, a plurality of isolation members 120 and a plurality of collecting electrodes 63. The cell body 100a includes a light-receiving surface 101 and a backlight surface relative to each other. The light-receiving surface 101 includes a fifth region 813 and a plurality of sixth regions 814. The plurality of isolation members 120 are arranged on the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell body 100a.

[0261] In some embodiments, the density of the isolation member 120 located in the fifth region 813 is greater than the density of the isolation member 120 located in the sixth region 814; multiple collecting electrodes 63 are arranged on the backlight surface 102 of the battery cell body 100a, and multiple sixth regions 814 are arranged along the extension direction of the collecting electrode 63 (the extension direction is shown by the arrow X8 in Figure 18); the extension direction of the sixth region 814 is perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63.

[0262] On the light-receiving surface 101, the density of the isolation member 120 located in the fifth area 813 is greater than the density of the isolation member 120 located in the sixth area 814, and the density of the isolation member 120 in the sixth area 814 is relatively small. The sixth area 814 can be used as an area in contact with the pressing member 851 when performing performance testing on the solar cell. In this way, the pressing member 851 pressing on the isolation member 120 or contacting the isolation member 120 can be reduced or avoided. In this way, the force of the pressing member 851 pressing down on the solar cell is more balanced, and the test points on the backlight surface 102 of the solar cell are subjected to the same or approximately the same pressure. The test probe 852 has the same degree of contact with the test point and can fully and effectively contact, thereby making the test results of the solar cell highly accurate.

[0263] The test points include the collector electrode 63 , the pad, and the like.

[0264] The density of the spacer 120 refers to the coverage area of ​​the spacer 120 per unit area.

[0265] In some embodiments, the height of the spacer 120 is greater than the height of the electrode. The electrode can be at least one of a collector electrode, a busbar electrode, a terminal wire, and a solder pad. Thus, the spacer 120 can reduce the probability of an electrode on an adjacent solar cell contacting the light-receiving surface 101 of the solar cell, effectively reducing the probability of an electrode on an adjacent solar cell scratching the light-receiving surface 101 of the solar cell.

[0266] Furthermore, the height of the isolation member 120 is greater than the height of the largest one among the collecting electrode, bus electrode, terminal wire, and welding pad. In this way, the collecting electrode, bus electrode, terminal wire, and welding pad will not touch the light-receiving surface 101 of the solar cell and will not scratch the light-receiving surface 101. The isolation member 120 can more effectively play an isolation and protection role.

[0267] In other embodiments, the height of the spacer 120 is less than the height of at least one of the collector electrode 63, busbar electrode, terminal wire, and solder pad. When multiple solar cells are stacked, and the spacer 120 contacts at least one of the collector electrode 63, busbar electrode, terminal wire, and solder pad of an adjacent solar cell, the spacer 120 supports at least a portion of the electrode in the adjacent solar cell and isolates the light-receiving surface 101 of the solar cell, thereby preventing or reducing scratches on the light-receiving surface 101.

[0268] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG18 , the sixth region 814 is not provided with an isolation member 120. Thus, when the solar cell is being tested, the solar cell is suitable for contacting with a variety of pressing members 851. For example, the sixth region 814 is suitable for contacting with multiple columnar pressing members, short strip pressing members, and long strip pressing members. Furthermore, during the contact between the pressing member 851 and the sixth region 814, it is ensured that the pressing member 851 will definitely not contact the isolation member 120, thereby preventing the pressing member 851 from pressing or contacting the isolation member 120, which would result in different degrees of contact between the test probe 852 and the test point on the backlight surface 102 of the solar cell, and thus test differences during testing. This further ensures that the solar cell of the embodiment of the present application has the advantage of high accuracy of the test results.

[0269] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 19 , the sixth region 814 includes a first subregion 8141 and a second subregion 8142 arranged in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 ; the first subregion 8141 is provided with an isolation member 120 , and the second subregion 8142 is not provided with an isolation member 120 .

[0270] In the embodiment of the present application, when testing a solar cell, the pressing member 851 presses against the second sub-region 8142, thereby preventing the pressing member 851 from pressing against or contacting the isolation member 120. The pressing member 851 applies a relatively balanced downward force to the solar cell, resulting in the same or approximately the same pressure on the test points on the backlight surface 102 of the solar cell. The test probe 852 maintains consistent and effective contact with the test points, thereby ensuring high accuracy in the test results of the solar cell. The placement of the isolation member 120 on the first sub-region 8141 enhances the isolation and protection effect, preventing the light-receiving surface 101 from being scratched by adjacent solar cells when multiple solar cells are stacked, thereby affecting the performance of the solar cells.

[0271] In some embodiments, the first sub-region 8141 and the second sub-region 8142, especially the second sub-region 8142, need to be set according to usage requirements. For example, as shown in Figure 19, perpendicular to the extension direction of the collecting electrode 63, the first sub-region 8141 and the second sub-region 8142 are alternately set.

[0272] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 19 , the fifth region 813 includes multiple third sub-regions 8131. The third sub-regions 8131 and the sixth region 814 are alternately arranged along the extension direction of the collector electrode 63. Thus, along the extension direction of the collector electrode 63, the third sub-regions 8131 and the sixth region 814 are adjacent. The spacers 120 provided on the third sub-regions 8131 can prevent adjacent solar cells from scratching the third sub-regions 8131 and the sixth region 814 when multiple solar cells are stacked, thereby preventing the adjacent solar cells from affecting the performance of the solar cells.

[0273] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 20, the solar cell further includes: multiple columns of solder pads 840 arranged along the extension direction of the collecting electrode 63, each column of solder pads 840 includes multiple solder pads 840 arranged in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63; wherein, one column of solder pads 840 corresponds to one sixth region 814.

[0274] When a column of solder pads 840 corresponds to a sixth area 814, the projection of the sixth area 814 on the second surface covers all the solder pads 840 in a column, or covers part of the solder pads 840 in a column of solder pads 840, for example, covers the solder pads 840 located in the middle of the backlight surface 102, while the solder pads 840 at the edge of the backlight surface 102 may not be covered.

[0275] When the solar cell is undergoing performance testing, the test probe 852 of the testing mechanism 850 can contact the solder pad 840. Since the sixth area 814 can serve as the area that contacts the holding member 851 when the solar cell is undergoing performance testing, the holding member 851 can play a supporting role when the test probe 852 is testing. The density of the isolation member 120 on the sixth area 814 is low, which can reduce or avoid the holding member 851 pressing on the isolation member 120 or contacting the isolation member 120. The force of the holding member 851 pressing down on the solar cell is relatively balanced, and the test points on the backlight surface 102 of the solar cell are subjected to the same or approximately the same pressure. The test probe 852 has the same degree of contact with the test point and can fully and effectively contact, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results of the solar cell.

[0276] In some embodiments, the sixth region 814 includes a first sub-region 8141 and a second sub-region 8142, for example, alternating first sub-regions 8141 and second sub-regions 8142, wherein the projection of the second sub-region 8142 on the backlight surface 102 covers at least one solder pad 840. Here, the projection of the second sub-region 8142 on the backlight surface may cover one solder pad 840, or may cover two or more solder pads 840, without limitation. Thus, when the pressing member 851 contacts the second sub-region 8142 to press down on the solar cell body 100a, the spacer 120 is not provided in the second sub-region 8142. In other words, the spacer 120 is not provided at the solder pad 840 corresponding to the second sub-region 8142. This further prevents the spacer 120 from affecting the contact pressure between the test probe 852 and the solder pad 840, ensuring sufficient and effective contact between the test probe 852 and the solder pad 840, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the solar cell testing. At the same time, the isolation member 120 located in the first sub-region 8141 can also play a role in isolating and protecting the solar cell.

[0277] In a solar cell, a column of pads 840 can be electrically connected to all collector electrodes 63 of the same polarity. When the solar cell is subjected to a performance test, the test probe 852 can be electrically contacted with all pads 840 in a column of pads 840 .

[0278] In some embodiments, the width of the sixth region 814 is in the range of 1 mm to 10 mm along the extension direction of the collector electrode 63. In the embodiment of the present application, when the width of the sixth region 814 is within the above range, the width of the sixth region 814 is relatively moderate, ensuring that the pressing member 851 can be disposed within the sixth region 814. This can reduce or prevent the pressing member 851 from pressing on or contacting the isolation member 120 during the performance test of the solar cell, while also enabling the isolation member 120 to provide a better isolation and protection effect. In this way, while ensuring the performance of the solar cell, the performance of the solar cell can also be accurately tested.

[0279] It can be understood that the width of the sixth area 814 is set according to specific usage requirements. For example, the width of the sixth area 814 is 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, and multiple values ​​between the above values.

[0280] When the width of the sixth region 814 is less than 1 mm, the width of the sixth region 814 is too small. When performing performance testing on the solar cell, the pressing member 851 needs to be pressed down very precisely to contact the sixth region 814, which increases the difficulty of operation. It is also very easy for the pressing member 851 to cover the fifth region 813 and then contact the isolation member 120 on the fifth region 813, pressing the isolation member 120 or contacting part of the isolation member 120, affecting the accuracy of the performance test. When the width of the sixth region 814 is greater than 10 mm, the width of the sixth region 814 is too large, the area of ​​the fifth region 813 is too small, and the number of isolation members 120 provided is reduced. This will affect the protective effect of the isolation members 120 on the light-receiving surface 101, and the light-receiving surface 101 is easily scratched by adjacent solar cells when multiple solar cells are stacked.

[0281] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 21, the solar cell further includes a first terminal line 860 and a second terminal line 861; the plurality of collecting electrodes include a first collecting electrode 631 and a second collecting electrode 632 alternately arranged in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrodes; a portion of the first collecting electrode 631 located at an edge of at least one side of the cell body includes a plurality of first sub-collector electrodes 6311 distributed at intervals, and a portion of the second collecting electrode 632 includes a plurality of second sub-collector electrodes 6321 distributed at intervals, and the first sub-collector electrodes 6311 and the second sub-collector electrodes 6321 are arranged alternately; the plurality of first sub-collector electrodes 6311 arranged in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrodes are electrically connected together through the first terminal line 860, and the plurality of second sub-collector electrodes 6321 arranged in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrodes are electrically connected together through the second terminal line 861; the first terminal line 860 and the second terminal line 861 correspond to the sixth region, respectively.

[0282] The first end line 860 and the second end line 861 respectively correspond to the sixth area, which means that the first end line 860 or the second end line 861 is formed in a sixth area or in an area in the extension direction of the sixth area in the projection coverage area of ​​the backlight surface 102.

[0283] Because the first terminal line 860 electrically connects the plurality of first sub-collector electrodes 6311, and the second terminal line 861 electrically connects the plurality of second sub-collector electrodes 6321, there is no need to provide a pad on each collector electrode 63. Only a small number, such as one pad, is required on the first terminal line 860 and the second terminal line 861. During performance testing, the test probe 852 simply contacts the pads on the first and second terminal lines 860, 861, thereby reducing the number of pads. Positions on the light-receiving surface 101 that do not correspond to pads do not need to correspond to the holding members 851, allowing for the installation of spacers 120. This increases the number of spacers 120 and improves scratch protection.

[0284] In some embodiments, the extending direction of the spacer 120 is parallel to or intersects with the extending direction of the collector electrode 63. When the extending direction of the spacer 120 intersects with the extending direction of the collector electrode 63, the angle between them can be acute or right. In either case, the spacer 120 can provide good isolation and protection.

[0285] Optionally, the range of the height h of the isolation member 120 may refer to the above embodiment.

[0286] The structure of the solar cell of the eighth group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIG1 and FIG23 to FIG25.

[0287] Considering that if the spacing between the isolation bumps is too small, for example, when two adjacent isolation bumps are close together, the material cost of the isolation bumps will increase, and if the spacing between the isolation bumps is too large, the isolation effect of the isolation bumps will be poor, it is difficult to balance the isolation effect and the material cost of the isolation bumps. Referring to Figures 23 to 25, the embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell that can solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0288] In this group of embodiments, the isolation member includes an isolation protrusion 621. Along the thickness direction of the battery cell body, the battery cell body includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other, and the isolation protrusion 621 is arranged on the first surface and / or the second surface of the battery cell body.

[0289] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 23 , a plurality of isolation bumps 621 are arranged in a plurality of rows along the fourth direction X9. Each row of isolation bumps 621 includes a plurality of isolation bumps 621 arranged along the fifth direction Y9. The plurality of isolation bumps 621 are designed to satisfy the relationship: Wherein, l is the larger of the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fourth direction X9 or the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fifth direction Y9, h is the height of the isolation bump 621, and n is the integer ratio of the long side to the short side of the solar cell. It should be noted that the integer ratio of the long side to the short side means that when the decimal part of the ratio after rounding is greater than or equal to 0.5, rounding up can be used; when it is less than 0.5, rounding down can be used. N is the number of solar cells when stacked.

[0290] In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 23, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fourth direction X9 is L92, and the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fifth direction Y9 is L91. Comparing the sizes of L92 and L91, the larger one of L91 and L92 is the maximum spacing l between adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fourth direction X9 or along the fifth direction Y9.

[0291] It should be noted that the "spacing l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621" herein refers to the larger of the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fourth direction X9 or the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fifth direction Y9. When the light-receiving surface of the cell body 100a is a polished surface, the height h of the isolation bump 621 is the distance from the end of the isolation bump 621 facing away from the cell body 100a to the interface where the isolation bump 621 contacts the cell body 100a along the thickness direction of the cell body 100a. When the light-receiving surface of the cell body 100a is a pyramid velvet surface, the height h of the isolation bump 621 is the distance from the end of the isolation bump 621 facing away from the cell body 100a to the top of the pyramid at the interface where the isolation bump 621 contacts the cell body 100a along the thickness direction of the cell body 100a.

[0292] 24 , in some examples, the battery cell body 100a has two oppositely disposed first sides 911 and two oppositely disposed second sides 912, the first sides 911 and the second sides 912 are perpendicular, the length of the first side 911 is a1, and the length of the second side 912 is b1. Comparing the length of the first side 911 and the length of the second side 912, if a1>b1, then n is an integer of a1 / b1; if a1 and b1 are equal or approximately equal, then n is 1.

[0293] When multiple solar cells are stacked, except for the top solar cell, the other solar cells will bend due to the pressure from the other solar cells. Referring to FIG25 , the higher the height of the isolation bump 621, the more difficult it is for the collector electrode 63, bus electrode, solder pad 840, terminal wire, etc. of the upper solar cell to contact the light-receiving surface of the lower solar cell in two adjacent solar cells, and thus the upper solar cell is less likely to scratch the light-receiving surface of the lower solar cell. The spacing between adjacent isolation bumps 621 will affect the degree of bending of the solar cell. The larger the spacing between adjacent isolation bumps 621, the greater the degree of bending of the solar cell, and the greater the degree of bending, the easier it is to scratch the light-receiving surface of the adjacent solar cell. In addition, the solar cell The weight will also affect the pressure it generates. When the weight of a whole solar cell is fixed, the more slices the whole solar cell is divided into, the smaller the weight of the sliced ​​solar cell is, and the smaller the pressure generated is. It can be understood that n is an integer representing the ratio of the long side to the short side of the solar cell. When n is 1, the solar cell is a whole cell and is not sliced. When n is 2, the solar cell is divided into two slices. When n is 3, the solar cell is divided into three slices, and so on. It will not be elaborated here. Since the weight change of the whole solar cell can be ignored, the weight of the solar cell can be represented by the number of slices of the whole solar cell, that is, the integer n representing the ratio of the long side to the short side of the solar cell. Based on the above, it can be seen that when designing the isolation bump 621, it is necessary to consider the height of the isolation bump 621, the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621, the weight of the solar cell (that is, the ratio of the long side to the short side of the solar cell is an integer n), etc., so that the isolation bump 621 can better prevent the risk of scratching the illuminated surface of the solar cell.

[0294] When designing the solar cell of the embodiment of the present application, l, h, and n are made to satisfy the relationship The height h of the isolation bump 621 and the spacing l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 are both reasonably set, which can effectively prevent the solar cells from bending and scratching the light-receiving surfaces of the adjacent solar cells when multiple solar cells are stacked after being subjected to force, thereby avoiding affecting the appearance and efficiency of the solar cells. In addition, it can also avoid the increase in material cost and process difficulty of manufacturing the isolation bumps due to the smaller spacing l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621, and avoid the poor isolation effect due to the larger spacing l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621. The solar cell of the embodiment of the present application has the advantages of better isolation effect, low material cost, and low process difficulty.

[0295] In some embodiments, when N is 2, l, h, and n satisfy the relationship:

[0296] In the embodiments of the present application, the solar cells naturally fall into alignment due to gravity during the stacking process. The ultimate limit for stacking multiple solar cells is two solar cells stacked together, i.e., N ≥ 2. When N ≥ 2, and l, h, and n satisfy the aforementioned relationship, the height h of the isolation bumps 621 and the spacing l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 are both reasonably set, effectively preventing the upper solar cell from bending under stress and scratching the light-receiving surface of the lower solar cell when at least two solar cells are stacked.

[0297] It should be noted that when the solar cells are stacked and transported, they can be stacked and transported in the form of whole cells, or in the form of sliced ​​cells, such as two-slice, three-slice, four-slice, etc.

[0298] In some embodiments, when the solar cell is a back-contact solar cell, the first surface is the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, and the second surface is the backlight surface of the solar cell. The isolation bump 621 is provided on at least one of the first surface and the second surface.

[0299] In some embodiments, n is 1, that is, when the solar cell is a whole cell, l, h, and n satisfy the relationship:

[0300] In the embodiment of the present application, the solar cells are stacked and transported as a whole cell. The length of the first side 911 is a1, and the length of the second side 912 is b1. A1>b1. If a1 and b1 are equal or approximately equal, n is 1. When l and h satisfy the above relationship, the height h of the isolation bump 621 can be considered to obtain an appropriate l. The height h of the isolation bump 621 and the spacing l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 are both reasonably set, which can effectively prevent the solar cells from bending under stress and scratching the light-receiving surfaces of adjacent solar cells when two or more solar cells are stacked.

[0301] In some embodiments, n is 2, that is, when the solar cell is a half-cell, l and h satisfy the relationship:

[0302] When the solar cell of the embodiment of the present application is a half-cell and is stacked and transported, the length a2 of the first side 911 and the length b2 of the second side 912 are such that a2<b2, n is b2 / a2 and n is an integer of 2, and l and h satisfy the formula: When stacking, the height h of the isolation bump 621 and the spacing l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 can be comprehensively considered to make the height h of the isolation bump 621 and the spacing l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 more reasonably set, which can effectively prevent the half solar cell from bending under force and scratching the light-receiving surface of the adjacent half solar cell when two or more half solar cells are stacked.

[0303] In other embodiments, when n is 3, that is, when the solar cell is a one-third cell, l and h satisfy the relationship:

[0304] When the solar cell of the embodiment of the present application is stacked and transported in a third of a cell, the length a3 of the first side 911 and the length b3 of the second side 912 are compared, a3<b3, n is b3 / a3 and the integer n is 3, and l and h satisfy the relationship When designing the isolation bump 621, the height h of the isolation bump 621 and the spacing l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 can be comprehensively considered, so that the height h of the isolation bump 621 and the spacing l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 are set more reasonably, which can effectively prevent the one-third solar cell from bending under force and scratching the light-receiving surface of the adjacent one-third solar cell when two or more one-third solar cells are stacked.

[0305] Based on the formula It can be seen that when multiple solar cells are stacked, the greater the number of stacked solar cells, the smaller the distance l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 needs to be set.

[0306] When stacking multiple solar cells, the number of stacked solar cells can be selected as needed. In some examples, the value range of N can be selected from 2≤N≤1000. For example, N can be one of 2, 3, 4, 10, 50, 10, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, and multiple values ​​between the above values. When N>1000, the excessive number of stacked solar cells will increase the pressure on the bottom solar cells, potentially causing damage or even breakage. In addition, the total weight and volume of the stacked solar cells are large, increasing the difficulty and risk of handling. It also increases the difficulty of aligning the solar cells.

[0307] In some embodiments, 2≤N≤200. In this way, the number of solar cells when stacked is more reasonable, which can meet transportation requirements and reduce the risk of damage.

[0308] In some embodiments, when the number of stacked solar cells N is greater than or equal to 150, l, h, and n can be designed to satisfy the following relationship:

[0309] In the embodiment of the present application, when the number of stacked solar cells N is greater than or equal to 150, the spacing l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 is designed to be Within this range, when at least 150 solar cells are stacked, the solar cells can still be prevented from bending and scratching the light-receiving surfaces of the adjacent solar cells after being subjected to force, and the height h of the isolation bump 621 and the distance l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 can be set more reasonably, thereby avoiding the poor isolation effect caused by the distance l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 being set too large.

[0310] In some embodiments, n is 1, that is, when the solar cell is a whole cell, l, h, and n satisfy the relationship: In this way, the height h of the isolation bump 621 and the distance l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 are both reasonably set, and the isolation bump 621 can prevent the light-receiving surface of the solar cell from being scratched.

[0311] In some embodiments, n is 2, that is, when the solar cell is a half cell, The effects within this range can be found above and will not be described here.

[0312] In other embodiments, when n is 3, that is, when the solar cell is a one-third cell, l and h satisfy the relationship: The effects within this range can be found above and will not be described here.

[0313] In some embodiments, the maximum size of the projection of the isolation bump 621 on the cell body 100a is d, satisfying d<1. This prevents two adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fourth direction X9 from being connected, and prevents two adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fifth direction Y9 from being connected, thereby saving material costs for the isolation bumps 621 and reducing the difficulty of manufacturing multiple isolation bumps 621.

[0314] In some embodiments, the specific shape of the isolation bump 621 is set according to the application requirements. For example, the projection of the isolation bump 621 on the battery cell body 100a is at least one of a circle and a polygon. When the projection of the isolation bump 621 on the battery cell body 100a is a circle, d refers to the diameter.

[0315] Considering that the maximum size of the projection of the isolation bump 621 on the cell body 100a is too small, it is difficult to manufacture the isolation bump, and the maximum size of the projection of the isolation bump 621 on the cell body 100a is too large, which will affect the solar cell's absorption of light. Therefore, in some embodiments, 0.05mm≤d≤2mm.

[0316] When d < l, and d is within the above range, when designing the isolation bump 621, l can be greater than 2 mm, l can also be greater than 0.05 mm, and l can also be greater than any value between 0.05 mm and 2 mm. When l is greater than 2 mm, the lower limit of l is higher. While ensuring scratch protection, the number of isolation bumps 621 can be reduced, reducing the material cost and process cost of isolation bumps 621. When l is greater than 0.05 mm, the lower limit of l is lower. l can take a smaller value, increasing the range of l that can be selected. The number of isolation bumps 621 can also be set to a larger number, thereby increasing the isolation protection effect and preventing scratches on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell.

[0317] It will be understood that d can be set according to usage requirements, and the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit this. For example, d is one of 0.05mm, 0.06mm, 0.07mm, 0.08mm, 0.09mm, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 0.7mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.4mm, 1.6mm, 1.8mm, 2mm, and multiple values ​​between the above values.

[0318] In some embodiments, the height h of the isolation bump 621 can refer to the above embodiments.

[0319] In some embodiments, when n is 1 and the solar cell is a whole cell, l satisfies: 0.05 mm < l ≤ 18.7 mm. Alternatively, when n is 2 and the solar cell is a half cell, l satisfies: 0.05 mm < l ≤ 22.2 mm. Alternatively, when n is 3 and the solar cell is a third cell, l satisfies: 0.05 mm < l ≤ 24.6 mm.

[0320] In some embodiments, the battery cell body 100a has two opposing first sides 911 and two opposing second sides 912. The first sides 911 and the second sides 912 are perpendicular, the fourth direction X9 is parallel to the first sides 911, and the fifth direction Y9 is parallel to the second sides 912. Alternatively, the fourth direction X9 and the fifth direction Y9 are arranged at acute angles to the first sides 911 and the second sides 912. In this manner, the arrangement of the isolation bumps 621 is more regular, which can better protect the surface of the battery cell body 100a compared to a random distribution of the isolation bumps 621. The extension direction of the isolation bumps 621 intersects the first sides 911 at an acute angle.

[0321] In some other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 24 , the fifth direction Y9 is parallel to the first side 911 , that is, the extending direction of each row of isolation bumps 621 is parallel to the first side 911 .

[0322] It should be noted that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in the various embodiments of the first aspect above can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples, and these combinations also fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0323] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a photovoltaic assembly comprising the aforementioned solar cell.

[0324] The photovoltaic assembly of the second aspect of the present application is described in detail below.

[0325] The photovoltaic module of the embodiment of the present application includes the solar cell of any of the above embodiments. The photovoltaic module has the same technical effects as the solar cell provided in the above embodiments, and reference can be made to the above.

[0326] In the photovoltaic module of the embodiment of the present application, the spacers are arranged on the surface of the solar cells to improve the physical strength of the solar cells themselves. On the one hand, during the transfer process before lamination, multiple solar cells are stacked and the spacers create a gap between the surfaces of two adjacent solar cells, so that the contact between the two adjacent solar cells will not cause scratches on the surface of the solar cells, thereby avoiding the impact of scratches on the performance of the solar cells. On the other hand, during the lamination process, the spacers can also play a buffering role, reducing the pressure on the solar cells during the lamination process, while maintaining the physical strength of the solar cells themselves, improving the ability to resist bending and cracking, reducing the risk of lamination cracking of the solar cells, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the appearance quality of the photovoltaic module made of solar cells and ensuring the efficiency of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the spacers can increase light trapping, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0327] Optionally, the photovoltaic assembly further includes a plurality of battery strings, each battery string including a plurality of solar cells and a plurality of interconnecting members, and the interconnecting members are used to connect the plurality of solar cells in series.

[0328] Alternatively, the interconnection may be a soldering ribbon, a metal wire, a conductive tape, or the like.

[0329] Optionally, the photovoltaic module further includes a cover plate, a back plate, and an encapsulation film. The solar cell is encapsulated between the cover plate and the back plate by the encapsulation film, and the spacer is at least partially cross-linked with the encapsulation film after a lamination process.

[0330] After the lamination process, the isolation member is at least partially cross-linked with the packaging film. In other words, the packaging film 730 and the isolation member 120 are not completely fused or are partially fused.

[0331] It is understandable that in photovoltaic modules, encapsulation films are usually set on both sides of the cell. The preparation material of the isolation member can be set to be the same or similar to the material of the encapsulation film, and then the isolation member can be directly laminated into the interior of the photovoltaic module during lamination, and the effect on the light absorption of the cell is relatively small.

[0332] In some embodiments, the cover plate and the back plate can at least be understood as glass. Photovoltaic modules usually undergo a conventional lamination process. During the lamination process of the solar cell, the isolation member is melted by heat and cross-linked with the module packaging film, and the isolation member becomes part of the packaging film. There is no need to remove the isolation member during the production process of the photovoltaic module, thereby simplifying the lamination operation process and helping to improve the lamination efficiency.

[0333] In conjunction with FIG17 , an example of a photovoltaic assembly according to an embodiment of the present application is described in detail.

[0334] In this example, the peel strength between the spacer 120 and the solar cell 100 is greater than the peel strength between the spacer 120 and the encapsulation film 730 .

[0335] The peel strength between the isolation member 120 and the solar cell 100 is greater than the peel strength between the isolation member 120 and the encapsulation film 730, so that the solar cell 100 and the isolation member 120 can always remain integrated. During the lamination process, the isolation member 120 will not shift, avoiding damage to the solar cell 100 and reducing the risk of hidden cracks. At the same time, the isolation member 120 increases the contact structure between the solar cell 100 and the encapsulation film 730, forming a point-to-surface contact adhesive coverage, reducing the stress directly exerted on the solar cell 100 during the lamination process, thereby avoiding hidden cracks in the solar cell 100, and increasing the stability of the component, reducing the risk of hidden cracks caused by the displacement of the solar cell 100 due to inertia during circulation and transportation.

[0336] Peel strength refers to the maximum force required to separate materials per unit width from the contact surface. It reflects the material's bonding strength. In the embodiments of this application, peel strength refers to the adhesion strength between the solar cell 100 and the encapsulating film 730, the encapsulating film 730 and the backsheet 52, the encapsulating film 730 and the cover plate 51, the solar cell 100 and the spacer 120, and the spacer 120 and the encapsulating film 730. Peel strength is related to the durability and performance of photovoltaic modules under various environmental conditions.

[0337] In current technology, peel strength can be measured in a variety of ways. It is understood that the present embodiments do not specifically limit how peel strength is measured. For example, a dedicated testing device such as a peel strength tester can be used for measurement. Another example is manually peeling the encapsulating film 730 and the solar cell 100, and then measuring the peel strength using a tensile tester.

[0338] In some embodiments, the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100 is greater than the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the cover plate 51 , and / or the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100 is greater than the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the back plate 52 .

[0339] In the photovoltaic module of the embodiment of the present application, the adhesion strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100 is relatively large, and the bonding between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100 is more firm. Even if used for a long time under the action of gravity, or encountering vibration or shaking, delamination is not likely to occur, thereby reducing the risk of delamination and extending the service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0340] The spacer 120 disposed on the solar cell 100 can form multiple adhesive points, which ensure a more secure bond between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100 and form a point-to-surface contact coverage of the encapsulation film 730. This provides a larger coverage area for the encapsulation film 730, resulting in more moderate colloid flow during the lamination process. The edge of the encapsulation film 730 is less likely to warp, reducing the height difference or step between the edge of the solar cell 100 and the encapsulation film 730. Due to the presence of the spacer 120, the encapsulation film 730 in contact with the solar cell 100 has a relatively lower hardness, thereby reducing the pressure on the solar cell 100 during the lamination process and reducing the risk of hidden cracks in the solar cell 100.

[0341] In the above-described structure of the embodiment of the present application, the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100 is greater than the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the cover plate 51; alternatively, the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100 is greater than the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the back plate 52; alternatively, the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100 is greater than the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the cover plate 51, and greater than the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the back plate 52. Thus, through the strong adhesion between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100, the solar cell 100 is sealed and waterproofed, thereby improving the stability of photoelectric conversion.

[0342] Optionally, as shown in Figure 2, the photovoltaic module also includes: a film layer 140, and the side of the cell body 100a where the isolation protrusion 230 is provided is the first side, and the film layer 140 is provided on the first side. The film layer 140 covers the isolation protrusion 230, and the refractive index of the film layer 140 is less than the refractive index of the isolation protrusion 230.

[0343] In the embodiment of the present application, a film layer 140 is provided on the side of the cell body 100a where the isolation protrusion 230 is provided, so that the film layer 140 covers the isolation protrusion 230, and the isolation protrusion 230 is embedded in the film layer 140. The incident light passes through the film layer 140 and the isolation protrusion 230 in sequence and then enters the cell body 100a. Then, by increasing the refractive index of the film layer 140, the isolation protrusion 230 and the cell body 100a in sequence, it is convenient to form a light trapping effect at different refractive index interfaces, thereby improving the light absorption rate of the cell, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0344] In some embodiments, the adhesive film layer 140 can be made of a light-transmitting material such as POE or EVA to provide encapsulation and protection for the cell. The light transmittance of the adhesive film layer 140 is greater than or equal to 90%. For example, the light transmittance of the adhesive film layer 140 can be set to any value, such as 90%, 92%, 93%, 95%, or 98%.

[0345] Optionally, the refractive index of the adhesive film layer 140 is 1.4-1.5.

[0346] In the present application example, the refractive index range of the film layer 140 is set to ensure that the refractive index of the film layer 140 is smaller than the refractive index of the isolation protrusion 230, so as to form a light trapping effect between the film layer 140 and the isolation protrusion 230, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0347] For example, the refractive index of the adhesive film layer 140 can be set to any value such as 1.4, 1.42, 1.45, 1.47, 1.48, 1.5, or a range between any two values.

[0348] Optionally, the adhesive film layer 140 includes multiple sub-film layers stacked in sequence, and the refractive index of the multiple sub-film layers decreases from the first surface toward the direction away from the battery cell body 100 a.

[0349] In the embodiment of the present application, the adhesive film layer 140 includes multiple sub-film layers stacked in sequence, and the refractive index of the multiple sub-film layers tends to decrease in the direction away from the cell body 100a. This is beneficial for light to pass through the adhesive film layer 140 and enter the interior of the photovoltaic module, reducing the reflection of light at different interfaces, thereby increasing the absorbance of the cell and improving the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0350] Among them, the multiple sub-film layers can be made of different materials, for example, as long as the refractive index of each sub-film layer decreases in the direction away from the battery cell body 100a. This embodiment of the present application is not limited here.

[0351] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 2 , along a direction perpendicular to the first surface, a ratio H51 / H6 of a height H51 of the isolation protrusion 230 to a height H6 of the adhesive film layer 140 is 20% to 45%.

[0352] It is understood that in practical applications, cells are typically fabricated first, and then photovoltaic modules are fabricated from the cells. If the height difference between the adhesive film layer 140 and the isolation protrusions 230 is too small, that is, when the photovoltaic module is fabricated from the cells, the adhesive film layer 140 covering the cells is too thin, the adhesive film layer 140 cannot effectively buffer deformation during lamination, and the cells may be easily crushed. If the height difference between the adhesive film layer 140 and the isolation protrusions 230 is too large, that is, the adhesive film layer 140 covering the cells is too thick, not only will light transmission be affected, but the production cost of the adhesive film layer 140 will also increase.

[0353] Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, a reasonable value range of the height ratio of the isolation protrusion 230 to the film layer 140 is set, so that during the processing, the film layer 140 can be used to provide effective buffering protection for the battery cell while also taking into account the production cost. In addition, a better light trapping effect can be formed between the film layer 140 and the isolation protrusion 230.

[0354] Exemplarily, the height ratio H51 / H6 of the isolation protrusion 230 to the film layer 140 can be set to any value such as 20%, 22%, 25%, 28%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 43%, 45%, or a range between any two values.

[0355] Optionally, along a direction perpendicular to the first surface, the height of the isolation protrusion 230 in the photovoltaic module is 2 μm to 80 μm. In some examples, the height of the isolation protrusion 230 in the photovoltaic module is 2 μm to 37 μm.

[0356] Exemplarily, the height of the isolation protrusion 230 in the photovoltaic module can be set to any value such as 2μm, 5μm, 8μm, 10μm, 15μm, 20μm, 25μm, 30μm, 35μm, 37μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, 80μm, or a range between any two values.

[0357] Optionally, along a direction perpendicular to the first surface, a height of the adhesive film layer 140 is 35 μm to 45 μm.

[0358] For example, the height of the adhesive layer 140 can be set to any value such as 35 μm, 36 μm, 38 μm, 40 μm, 41 μm, 43 μm, 45 μm, or a range between any two values. In some examples, the height of the adhesive layer 140 is 35 μm to 45 μm.

[0359] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the reasonable value range of the height H51 of the isolation protrusion 230 and the height H6 of the film layer 140 in the photovoltaic module, it can not only effectively protect the battery cell but also improve the light absorption rate of the battery cell.

[0360] It should be noted that the height H51 of the isolation protrusion 230 on the surface of the cell body 100a in a photovoltaic module may be equal to or different from the height H5 of the isolation protrusion 230 on the surface of the cell body 100a in the cell. Due to the lamination process required during the production of photovoltaic modules from cells, the height of the isolation protrusion 230 on the surface of the cell body 100a may vary. In some examples, after the lamination process, the height of the isolation protrusion 230 may decrease, that is, the height value H51 is lower than the height value H5.

[0361] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a battery stack structure, comprising a plurality of stacked solar cells as described above. The battery stack structure of the third aspect of the present application is described in detail below.

[0362] The battery stack structure of the embodiment of the present application includes a plurality of sequentially stacked solar cells, wherein the solar cells are the solar cells described in any of the above embodiments, and the solar cells include electrodes, which are provided on the backlight surface of the cell body.

[0363] The battery stack structure can also be called a solar cell stack structure, which includes multiple solar cells. The solar cell includes an electrode 110, which is provided on the backlight surface of the cell body 100a. The isolation member can be any of the isolation members in the above embodiments.

[0364] In some examples, the arrangement direction of the electrodes 110 on one solar cell intersects with the arrangement direction of the electrodes 110 on another solar cell. Of course, the arrangement direction of the electrodes 110 on one solar cell and the arrangement direction of the electrodes 110 on another solar cell may also be parallel.

[0365] The stacking structure of the solar cell of the embodiment of the present application is a back-contact solar cell, which includes a cell body 100a, an isolation member and an electrode 110. The isolation member is arranged on the light-receiving surface of the cell body 100a, the electrode 110 is arranged on the backlight surface of the cell body 100a, and the insulating glue is arranged on the backlight surface of the cell body 100a and at least partially covers the electrode 110.

[0366] In other embodiments, referring to FIG8 , a battery stack structure includes: a plurality of stacked solar cells 100, each of which has an electrode 110 disposed on its back-lighting surface; at least a portion of the battery stack structure is composed of multiple groups of solar cells; each group of solar cells includes two solar cells 100 whose back-lighting surfaces contact each other; and for each pair of adjacent solar cells 100 in the battery stack structure whose light-receiving surfaces contact each other, at least one of the solar cells 100 has a protective adhesive layer 300 disposed on its light-receiving surface, the protective adhesive layer being the aforementioned spacer. FIG8 illustrates a solution in which a solar cell 100 is provided with the protective adhesive layer 300.

[0367] In the embodiment of the present application, the solar cell 100 in which the electrode 110 is only provided on the backlight side is a back-contact solar cell.

[0368] Specifically, referring to FIG8 , in a battery stack structure formed by stacking a plurality of stacked solar cells 100, how to ensure that both surfaces of the solar cells are not scratched through low-cost measures is an important research direction at present. To solve this problem, in an embodiment of the present application, at least a portion of the battery stack structure (at least a portion of the battery stack structure includes an even number of solar cells, and FIG8 shows the entire battery stack structure) can be composed of multiple groups of solar cells W, each group of solar cells W consisting of two solar cells 100 with their backlight surfaces contacting each other, and multiple groups of solar cells W are stacked to form a battery stack structure. Such a stacking method enables surface contact in the stack structure, including contact between the backlight surfaces of the solar cells in each group of solar cells W and contact between the light-receiving surfaces of the solar cells between adjacent groups of solar cells W.

[0369] Among them, since there is an electrode 110 on the backlight surface of the solar cell 100, the contact between the backlight surfaces of the solar cell 100 and the backlight surfaces of the solar cell 100 can be supported by the mutual contact of the electrodes 110 of the two solar cells 100, so that the surface of the backlight surface of the solar cell 100 will not be scratched due to contact with other structures, thereby protecting the backlight surface of the solar cell 100.

[0370] Regarding the contact between the light-receiving surfaces of the solar cells 100 and the light-receiving surfaces of the solar cells 100, in order to avoid surface scratches caused by direct contact between the light-receiving surfaces of the two solar cells 100, the embodiment of the present application can provide a protective adhesive layer 300 on the light-receiving surface of at least one of the two solar cells 100 whose light-receiving surfaces are in contact. This prevents the light-receiving surfaces of the two solar cells 100 from directly contacting each other, and the protective adhesive layer 300 can provide support and cushioning between the light-receiving surfaces of the two solar cells 100, thereby protecting the light-receiving surfaces of the solar cells 100. In addition, the protective adhesive layer is fixed to the light-receiving surfaces of the solar cells, making it difficult for the protective adhesive layer to fall off or shift in position, thereby providing continuous protection for the light-receiving surfaces of the solar cells.

[0371] Optionally, for two adjacent solar cells 100 whose light-receiving surfaces are in contact with each other in the battery stack structure, a protective adhesive layer 300 is provided on the light-receiving surface of one of the solar cells 100. Since the embodiment of the present application only provides a protective adhesive layer on the light-receiving surface of at least one of the two adjacent solar cells whose light-receiving surfaces are in contact with each other, it is not necessary to provide a protective adhesive layer on the light-receiving surfaces of all solar cells. While ensuring the protection of the light-receiving surfaces of the solar cells, the overall amount of adhesive used is reduced, thereby saving related costs. Of course, in another implementation method, a protective adhesive layer 300 can also be provided on the light-receiving surfaces of the two solar cells 100 whose light-receiving surfaces are in contact with each other, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.

[0372] Alternatively, referring to FIG. 8 , the electrodes 110 of one solar cell 100 in each group of solar cells W are arranged to cross the electrodes 110 of another solar cell 100 .

[0373] In the embodiment of the present application, the cross arrangement of the electrodes 110 of one solar cell 100 and the electrodes 110 of another solar cell 100 in the same group refers to the relative positional relationship formed by the electrodes of the two solar cells 100, in which the electrodes 110 of one solar cell 100 are not parallel to the electrodes 110 of the other solar cell 100. As shown in FIG8 , the electrodes 110 of one solar cell 100 are perpendicular to the electrodes 110 of the other solar cell 100. Such a cross arrangement of electrodes can form support through the mutual intersection of the electrodes, thereby preventing the electrodes of one solar cell from directly contacting the surface of the other solar cell where the electrodes are arranged. This solves the problem of surface scratches caused by direct contact between the electrodes of one solar cell and the surface of the other solar cell where the electrodes are arranged, thereby improving the protection of the backlight surface of the solar cell.

[0374] It should be noted that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described above can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0375] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0376] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and intent of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that: include: A battery cell body, wherein at least one side of the battery cell body is provided with an isolation piece.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The isolation member includes a plurality of isolation protrusions arranged at intervals, and the refractive index of the isolation protrusions is smaller than the refractive index of the battery cell body.

3. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The battery cell body comprises a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface opposite to each other, and the isolation protrusion is arranged on the light-receiving surface.

4. The solar cell according to claim 2, wherein: The ratio of the refractive index of the isolation protrusion to the refractive index of the cell body is 0.6 to 1.15; And / or, the refractive index of the isolation protrusion is: 1.4 to 1.9; And / or, the refractive index of the cell body is: 1.6 to 2.2; And / or, the light transmittance of the isolation protrusion is greater than or equal to 80%.

5. The solar cell according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The side of the battery cell body provided with the isolation protrusion is a first side, and the height of the isolation protrusion in a direction perpendicular to the first side is H5; the cross section perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the isolation protrusion is a second cross section, and the dimension of the isolation protrusion at the intersection of the first side and the second cross section is L1, satisfying the following: H5 / L1≥0.001; And / or, a dimension L1 of the isolation protrusion at the junction of the first surface and the second cross section is 0.05 mm to 2 mm.

6. The solar cell according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: A plurality of pyramid structures are provided on a surface of the battery cell body on one side where the isolation protrusion is provided, and the isolation protrusion covers at least two of the pyramid structures; and / or, a plurality of the isolation protrusions are arranged in an array; And / or, the material of the isolation protrusion is UV glue; And / or, the Mohs hardness of the isolation protrusion is 2-7.

7. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The isolation member includes a recess, and the recess is recessed from a surface of the isolation member facing away from the solar cell sheet toward the inside of the isolation member; and / or, The coverage of the spacer on the surface of the solar cell is S81, which satisfies the following conditions: 0.5%≤S81≤10%; and / or, In the thickness direction of the solar cell, the height of the spacer is h, which satisfies 2 μm≤h≤80 μm.

8. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The isolation member includes a first protective structure and a second protective structure; At least one side of the battery cell body has a middle area and an edge area surrounding the middle area; the edge area is provided with the first protective structure, the middle area is provided with the second protective structure, and the first protective structure is arranged around the second protective structure; the coverage rate of the first protective structure on the edge area is greater than the coverage rate of the second protective structure on the middle area.

9. The solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that: The battery cell body has four side edges, and the distance between the boundary of the edge region close to the middle region and the corresponding side edge is D, which satisfies the following: 2 cm ≤ D ≤ 5 cm; and / or, along the thickness direction of the battery cell body, the height of the first protection structure is equal to the height of the second protection structure; And / or, the height of the first protection structure is H3, which satisfies: 2 μm≤H3≤80 μm; And / or, the height of the second protection structure is H4, which satisfies: 2 μm≤H4≤80 μm; And / or, the battery cell body has a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface, the first protection structure and the second protection structure are arranged on the light-receiving surface; and the backlight surface is provided with a plurality of electrodes arranged at intervals.

10. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The isolation member includes an isolation film, which is arranged on the light-receiving surface of the battery cell body; the isolation film is provided with a hollow structure.

11. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The cell body has a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface. The backlight surface is provided with electrodes. The light-receiving surface is provided with a plurality of spaced-apart isolating members. The extension direction of at least some of the isolating members intersects with the extension direction of the electrodes.

12. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The battery cell body includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; The solar cell further comprises a plurality of collector electrodes, which are arranged on the first surface of the cell body; Multiple isolation members are arranged on the first surface and / or the second surface of the battery cell body, and the extension direction of the isolation members intersects with the extension direction of the collecting electrode; the isolation member includes multiple isolation protrusions arranged along the extension direction of the isolation member; the distance between two adjacent isolation protrusions in the same isolation member in the extension direction of the isolation member is greater than the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes.

13. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: At least one side of the battery cell body is provided with a plurality of spaced-apart spacers, wherein the spacers include a central portion and a peripheral portion arranged around the central portion; The central portion has a concave surface on one side away from the battery cell body. In the direction perpendicular to the battery cell body, the minimum height of the central portion is H71, and the maximum height of the isolation member is H70, satisfying, 14. The solar cell according to claim 13, wherein: The isolating member further includes a covering layer, and the covering layer partially or completely covers the recess.

15. The solar cell according to claim 13, wherein: At least one cavity is provided inside the peripheral portion.

16. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The cell body includes a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface facing each other, the light-receiving surface including a fifth region and a plurality of sixth regions; a plurality of spacers are provided on the light-receiving surface of the cell body, and a density of the spacers located in the fifth region is greater than a density of the spacers located in the sixth region; The solar cell further comprises a plurality of collecting electrodes arranged on the backlight surface of the cell body, and the plurality of sixth regions are arranged along the extending direction of the collecting electrodes; the extending direction of the sixth regions is perpendicular to the collecting electrodes.

17. The solar cell according to claim 16, wherein: The sixth region is not provided with the isolation member; or, The sixth region includes a first sub-region and a second sub-region arranged in a direction perpendicular to the collector electrode; the first sub-region is provided with the separator, and the second sub-region is not provided with the separator; or, The fifth region includes a plurality of third sub-regions, and along the extending direction of the collecting electrode, the third sub-regions and the sixth region are alternately arranged.

18. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The battery cell body includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; The isolation member includes a plurality of isolation bumps, which are provided on at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the battery cell body, wherein the plurality of isolation bumps are arranged in a plurality of rows along a fourth direction, and each row of the isolation bumps includes a plurality of isolation bumps arranged along a fifth direction; Wherein, l is the larger of the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps along the fourth direction or the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps along the fifth direction, h is the height of the isolation bump, and n is the integer ratio of the long side to the short side of the solar cell. l, h, and n satisfy the relationship:

19. The solar cell according to claim 18, wherein: The maximum size of the isolation bump projected on the battery cell body is d, wherein d<1.

20. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: The solar cell comprises the solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 19.

21. The photovoltaic module according to claim 20, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module also includes a cover plate, a back plate and an encapsulation film; wherein the solar cell is encapsulated between the cover plate and the back plate by the encapsulation film; the peel strength between the isolation member and the solar cell is greater than the peel strength between the isolation member and the encapsulation film.

22. A battery stack structure, characterized in that: The solar cell comprises a plurality of sequentially stacked solar cells, wherein the solar cell is a solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 19, and the solar cell comprises an electrode, which is provided on the backlight surface of the cell body.

23. The battery stack structure according to claim 22, characterized in that: At least part of the battery stack structure is composed of multiple groups of solar cells; each group of solar cells includes two solar cells with their backlight surfaces contacting each other; For two adjacent solar cells whose light-receiving surfaces contact each other in the battery stack structure, a protective adhesive layer is provided on the light-receiving surface of at least one solar cell, and the protective adhesive layer serves as the isolation member.

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