Spatter-free laser cold cutting method

Abstract

Provided in the present application is a spatter-free laser cold cutting method. The method comprises: clamping and positioning, on a clamping tool, a workpiece to be cut, and determining parameters directly influencing a spatter-free cold cutting effect, wherein the parameters directly influencing the spatter-free cold cutting effect comprise a kerf width and a kerf temperature of said workpiece; selecting laser cutting parameters, and designing a laser cutting process test; on the basis of the laser cutting process test, selecting, by means of screening, a cutting parameter set data interval range meeting the requirement of the kerf width; on the basis of the cutting parameter set data interval range, continuing to perform the laser cutting process test for parameter optimization, and selecting, by means of screening, cutting parameter set data meeting the requirement of the kerf temperature; performing a property test on a specimen workpiece which has been cut by means of using the cutting parameter set data; and on the basis of a property test result, selecting, by means of screening, a group of optimal spatter-free process parameter set data for laser cold cutting. In this way, spatter-free cold cutting of a cut workpiece is realized; moreover, the present application has the beneficial effects of ensuring the cutting quality and safety.

Description

A spatter-free laser cold cutting method Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting, in particular to a spatter-free laser cold cutting method. Background Art

[0002] Laser cutting is an advanced processing technology. However, during the cutting process, the high energy density of the laser may cause the material to vaporize or melt rapidly. Fast and efficient laser cutting is usually accompanied by large sparks. The dust from the sparks is likely to remain in the structure of the cut workpiece. At the same time, the cut surface is likely to leave a large heat-affected zone, affecting the fixation and stability of the workpiece, and may even cause vibration and shaking, which will inevitably affect the safety of the cutting work and the quality of the cutting effect.

[0003] The principle of laser cold cutting is to illuminate the material surface with a high-energy laser beam, converting the light energy into heat energy, causing local melting or vaporization of the material, thereby achieving cutting. In the prior art, the sparks generated during laser cold cutting are generally considered to be a normal phenomenon, which has weakened the in-depth research on spatter-free laser cold cutting. Although laser cutting parameters such as laser beam height and focal length, laser power, and laser repetition rate have been adjusted to minimize sparks, no specific method for adjusting these parameters has been established for spatter-free laser cold cutting.

[0004] Therefore, for researchers in this field, there is an urgent need to develop a spatter-free laser cold cutting method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a spatter-free laser cold cutting method, which screens out a set of optimized spatter-free process parameter group data for laser cold cutting, thereby realizing spatter-free cold cutting of the workpiece, while having the beneficial effect of ensuring cutting quality and safety, avoiding the spark splashing generated in the existing laser cutting process, and the technical problems of poor cutting effect and low safety that may be caused.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, an embodiment of the present invention provides a spatter-free laser cold cutting method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step S1, clamping and positioning the workpiece to be cut on a clamping tool, and determining parameters directly influencing a spatter-free cold cutting effect, wherein the parameters directly influencing a spatter-free cold cutting effect include a kerf thickness and a kerf temperature of the workpiece to be cut;

[0008] Step S2: Select laser cutting parameters and design laser cutting process test;

[0009] Step S3: Screening out a cutting parameter group data interval range that satisfies the kerf thickness according to laser cutting process experiments;

[0010] Step S4: Based on the range of the cutting parameter group data, continue to perform laser cutting process tests to optimize parameters, and screen out cutting parameter group data that meets the cutting temperature;

[0011] Step S5, performing a performance test on the sample workpiece cut using the cutting parameter group data;

[0012] Step S6: deriving optimized spatter-free process parameter group data for laser cold cutting based on the results of the performance test.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, the laser cutting process test includes an orthogonal test and a single variable test.

[0014] Furthermore, in the step S3, based on the laser cutting process experiment, the data interval range of the cutting parameter group that meets the slit thickness is screened out; specifically, the data interval range of the cutting parameter group that meets the slit thickness is screened out using the orthogonal test.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S4, based on the range of the cutting parameter group data, the laser cutting process test is continued to be carried out to optimize the parameters, and the cutting parameter group data that meets the cutting seam temperature is screened out; specifically, based on the range of the cutting parameter group data obtained by the orthogonal test, the univariate test is further used to screen out the cutting parameter group data that meets the cutting seam temperature.

[0016] Furthermore, the laser cutting parameters include laser pulse width, laser frequency, laser power and scanning speed.

[0017] Furthermore, the orthogonal test comprises the following steps:

[0018] Step S31, selecting four parameters with better cutting effects from the laser cutting parameters, and designing a four-factor four-level orthogonal experiment, wherein the four factors are laser pulse width, laser frequency, laser power, and scanning speed;

[0019] Step S32: According to the orthogonal test scheme of step S31, a data interval range of a cutting parameter group that satisfies the cutting thickness is screened and obtained.

[0020] Furthermore, the univariate test includes the following steps:

[0021] Step S41, fixing the laser pulse width, laser frequency and scanning speed, and changing the laser power so that the cutting temperature is lower than the preset temperature for cold cutting without spatter;

[0022] Step S42: fixing the laser pulse width, laser power and scanning speed, and changing the laser frequency so that the cutting temperature is lower than the preset temperature for cold cutting without spatter;

[0023] Step S43: According to the optimization process of step S41 and step S42, two groups of cutting parameter group data that meet the cutting temperature are screened out.

[0024] Furthermore, in the step S5, the sample workpiece cut using the cutting parameter group data is subjected to a performance test;

[0025] Specifically, laser cutting is performed respectively using the two sets of cutting parameter group data screened out in step S43 to obtain two laser-cut sample workpieces, and tensile tests are performed on the two laser-cut sample workpieces to obtain tensile stress-strain curves. The tensile properties of the two sample workpieces are compared, and the tensile fracture micromorphology is compared and observed.

[0026] Furthermore, based on the comparative analysis of the tensile properties of the two sample workpieces, and by observing the tensile fracture using a scanning electron microscope and comparing the tensile fracture micromorphology, a set of optimized spatter-free process parameter group data for laser cold cutting was obtained.

[0027] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0028] A spatter-free laser cold cutting method provided by the present invention specifically includes step S1, clamping and positioning the workpiece to be cut on a clamping tool, and determining parameters directly affecting the spatter-free cold cutting effect, wherein the parameters directly affecting the spatter-free cold cutting effect include the slit thickness and slit temperature of the workpiece to be cut; step S2, selecting laser cutting parameters and designing a laser cutting process test; step S3, based on the laser cutting process experiment, screening out a cutting parameter group data interval range that meets the slit thickness; step S4, based on the cutting parameter group data interval range, continuing to perform laser cutting process tests to optimize parameters, and screening out cutting parameter group data that meets the slit temperature; step S5, performing a performance test on a sample workpiece cut using the cutting parameter group data; step S6, screening out a group of optimized spatter-free process parameter group data for laser cold cutting based on the results of the performance test, thereby achieving spatter-free cold cutting of the cut workpiece and having the beneficial effect of ensuring cutting quality and safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The following drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present application, constitute a part of the present application, and are intended only to illustrate and describe the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0030] FIG1 is a flow chart of a spatter-free laser cold cutting method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG2 is a flow chart of a spatter-free laser cold cutting method according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG3 is a flow chart of a spatter-free laser cold cutting method according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG4 is a tensile stress-strain curve of a sample workpiece after laser cutting using two sets of cutting parameter data in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the tensile fracture micromorphology of the cutting parameter group data using parameter group 1 in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the tensile fracture micromorphology of the cutting parameter group data using parameter group 2 in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Several embodiments of the present application will be disclosed below with diagrams to clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present invention. The drawings that constitute part of the specification of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in this field can implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is mutually contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0038] The following contents are all examples of specific implementation processes provided for detailed description of the technical solutions to be protected by this application. However, this application can also be implemented in other ways different from the descriptions here. Those skilled in the art can adopt different technical means to implement this application under the guidance of the concept of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments below.

[0039] The present application provides a spatter-free laser cold cutting method, comprising the following steps: step S1, clamping and positioning the workpiece to be cut on a clamping tool, and determining parameters directly affecting the spatter-free cold cutting effect, wherein the parameters directly affecting the spatter-free cold cutting effect include the slit thickness and slit temperature of the workpiece to be cut; step S2, selecting laser cutting parameters and designing a laser cutting process test; step S3, based on the laser cutting process experiment, screening out a cutting parameter group data interval range that meets the slit thickness; step S4, based on the cutting parameter group data interval range, continuing to perform laser cutting process tests to optimize parameters, and screening out cutting parameter group data that meets the slit temperature; step S5, performing a performance test on a sample workpiece cut using the cutting parameter group data; step S6, obtaining the optimized spatter-free process parameter group data for laser cold cutting based on the results of the performance test, thereby achieving spatter-free cold cutting of the cut workpiece, while having the beneficial effect of ensuring cutting quality and safety.

[0040] Specifically, please refer to FIG. 1 for a flow chart of a method for screening a spatter-free laser cold cutting method to obtain an optimized spatter-free process parameter group data for laser cold cutting.

[0041] This example uses a Raptor-100 laser machine as an example, using a 1.5mm thick aluminum alloy sheet as the workpiece to be cut to illustrate the method and steps for optimizing and screening a set of spatter-free process parameter data for laser cold cutting. First, the 1.5mm thick aluminum alloy sheet is clamped and positioned on a clamping tool, and a cutting path is set so that the laser beam, with the laser head height and focal length adjusted, can cut along the cutting path. Parameters directly influencing the spatter-free cold cutting effect are determined, including the kerf thickness and kerf temperature of the workpiece to be cut.

[0042] It should be noted that the clamping tool of this embodiment is a commonly used clamp used in existing laser cutting. The aluminum alloy plate is 1.5 mm thick as the cutting thickness, and the preset temperature for spatter-free cold cutting of the aluminum alloy plate is less than 150°C. That is, the necessary condition for achieving spatter-free aluminum alloy plate during efficient laser cold cutting is that the cutting temperature cannot be greater than 150°C.

[0043] To achieve laser cutting, it is first necessary to verify the parameter range for completely cutting a 1.5mm thick aluminum alloy plate. This application uses the orthogonal test method to explore the parameter range for achieving the experimental goal. For details, please refer to the specific steps of the orthogonal test shown in Figure 2: including step S31, selecting four parameters with better cutting effects from the laser cutting parameters, and designing a four-factor four-level orthogonal test, where the four factors are laser pulse width, laser frequency, laser power and scanning speed; step S32, according to the orthogonal test scheme of step S31, screening and obtaining the cutting parameter group data interval range that meets the kerf thickness. The orthogonal test table is shown below:

[0044] As can be seen, by varying the four laser cutting parameters of laser pulse width, laser frequency, laser power, and scanning speed, and setting four levels for each parameter using an orthogonal test method, this application screened out a cutting parameter set data range capable of completely cutting aluminum alloy plates with a kerf thickness of 1.5 mm: laser pulse width 200 ns, laser frequency 70-170 kHz, laser power 80-100 W, and scanning speed 100-200 mm / min. Furthermore, based on the cutting parameter set data range, the process parameters were further optimized through a single-variable test method to achieve maximum cutting efficiency without spatter or overheating. Specifically, the steps of using a single variable experiment shown in Figure 3 are as follows: Step S41, fix the laser pulse width, laser frequency and scanning speed, and change the laser power so that the cutting seam temperature is lower than the preset temperature for spatter-free cold cutting; Step S42, fix the laser pulse width, laser power and scanning speed, and change the laser frequency so that the cutting seam temperature is lower than the preset temperature for spatter-free cold cutting; Step S43, according to the optimization process of steps S41 and S42, screen out two groups of cutting parameter group data that meet the cutting seam temperature.

[0045] It should be noted that while the laser pulse width and scanning speed have little effect on the kerf temperature, when the scanning speed is greater than 200 mm / min, the kerf depth becomes increasingly shallow as the scanning speed increases. Therefore, a fixed laser pulse width of 200 ns and a scanning speed of 100 mm / min were used to continue single-variable experiments by varying the laser frequency and laser power, in order to achieve the necessary and sufficient conditions for spatter-free cold cutting: while ensuring the kerf depth, the kerf temperature must be below the preset temperature of 150°C for spatter-free cold cutting. The single-variable experiment table is as follows:

[0046] According to the above table, further screening can be directly conducted to obtain the optimization results: under the premise of ensuring the cutting depth, the cutting temperature is made lower than the preset temperature of 150°C for cold cutting without spatter. The two cutting parameter group data are: Parameter group 1: laser pulse width 200ns, laser repetition frequency 130KHz, laser power 90W, scanning speed 100mm / min; parameter group 2: laser pulse width 200ns, laser repetition frequency 110KHz, laser power 80W, scanning speed 100mm / min.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, in step S5, a performance test is performed on the sample workpiece cut using the cutting parameter group data. Specifically, laser cutting is performed using the two groups of cutting parameter group data screened in step S43 to obtain two laser-cut sample workpieces, and a tensile test is performed on the two laser-cut sample workpieces. Referring to FIG4 , tensile stress-strain curves of parameter group 1, parameter group 2, and the base material are obtained, and the tensile strength of the sample is calculated using the tensile stress. The tensile strength is calculated using the following formula:

[0048] Where σ represents the tensile strength, F b The tensile properties of the two specimens were compared.

[0049] It should be noted that since laser cutting will affect the material itself and thus affect the material properties, the significance of testing the tensile properties here is to explore whether the cutting method has an impact on the material properties. The tensile properties of the plate after cutting should reach at least 90% of the parent material itself, which is conducive to ensuring that this application can further confirm the actual use of the material under the premise of achieving the technical effect of spatter-free cold cutting.

[0050] Furthermore, based on the comparative analysis of the tensile properties of the two sample workpieces, referring to Figures 4 and 5, and using a scanning electron microscope to observe and compare the tensile fracture micromorphology, it was concluded that parameter group 2 is the optimized spatter-free process parameter group data for laser cold cutting, namely, a laser pulse width of 200ns, a laser repetition frequency of 110KHz, a laser power of 80W, and a scanning speed of 100mm / min.

[0051] In summary, the spatter-free laser cold cutting method provided by the present invention specifically includes step S1, clamping and positioning the workpiece to be cut on the clamping tool, and determining the parameters directly affecting the spatter-free cold cutting effect, wherein the parameters directly affecting the spatter-free cold cutting effect include the slit thickness and slit temperature of the workpiece to be cut; step S2, selecting laser cutting parameters and designing a laser cutting process test; step S3, based on the laser cutting process experiment, screening out the cutting parameter group data interval range that meets the slit thickness; step S4, on the basis of the cutting parameter group data interval range, continuing to perform laser cutting process tests to optimize parameters, and screening out cutting parameter group data that meets the slit temperature; step S5, performing a performance test on the sample workpiece cut by using the cutting parameter group data; step S6, screening out a set of optimized spatter-free process parameter group data for laser cold cutting based on the results of the performance test, so as to achieve spatter-free cold cutting of the cut workpiece, while having the beneficial effect of ensuring cutting quality and safety.

[0052] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as combinations of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. Instructions executed by a processor of a computer or other programmable data processing device generate means for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and / or one or more blocks in the block diagram.

[0053] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a product including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and / or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

[0054] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, so that the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and / or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

[0055] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present application.

[0056] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application is intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A spatter-free laser cold cutting method, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1, clamping and positioning the workpiece to be cut on a clamping tool, and determining parameters directly influencing a spatter-free cold cutting effect, wherein the parameters directly influencing a spatter-free cold cutting effect include a kerf thickness and a kerf temperature of the workpiece to be cut; Step S2: Select laser cutting parameters and design laser cutting process test; Step S3: Screening out a cutting parameter group data interval range that satisfies the kerf thickness according to laser cutting process experiments; Step S4: Based on the range of the cutting parameter group data, continue to perform laser cutting process tests to optimize parameters, and screen out cutting parameter group data that meets the cutting temperature; Step S5, performing a performance test on the sample workpiece cut using the cutting parameter group data; Step S6: deriving optimized spatter-free process parameter group data for laser cold cutting based on the results of the performance test.

2. The spatter-free laser cold cutting method according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the laser cutting process test includes an orthogonal test and a single variable test.

3. The spatter-free laser cold cutting method according to claim 2, wherein: In step S3, based on the laser cutting process experiment, the data interval range of the cutting parameter group that meets the slit thickness is screened out; specifically, the data interval range of the cutting parameter group that meets the slit thickness is screened out using the orthogonal test.

4. The spatter-free laser cold cutting method according to claim 2, wherein: In step S4, based on the range of the cutting parameter group data, the laser cutting process test is continued to perform parameter optimization, and the cutting parameter group data that meets the cutting seam temperature is screened out; specifically, based on the range of the cutting parameter group data obtained by the orthogonal test, the univariate test is further used to screen out the cutting parameter group data that meets the cutting seam temperature.

5. The spatter-free laser cold cutting method according to claim 1, wherein: The laser cutting parameters include laser pulse width, laser frequency, laser power and scanning speed.

6. The spatter-free laser cold cutting method according to claim 2, wherein: The orthogonal test comprises the following steps: Step S31, selecting four parameters with better cutting effects from the laser cutting parameters, and designing a four-factor four-level orthogonal experiment, wherein the four factors are laser pulse width, laser frequency, laser power, and scanning speed; Step S32: According to the orthogonal test scheme of step S31, a data interval range of a cutting parameter group that satisfies the cutting thickness is screened and obtained.

7. The spatter-free laser cold cutting method according to claim 6, wherein: The univariate test comprises the following steps: Step S41, fixing the laser pulse width, laser frequency and scanning speed, and changing the laser power so that the cutting temperature is lower than the preset temperature for cold cutting without spatter; Step S42: fixing the laser pulse width, laser power and scanning speed, and changing the laser frequency so that the cutting temperature is lower than the preset temperature for cold cutting without spatter; Step S43: According to the optimization process of step S41 and step S42, two groups of cutting parameter group data that meet the cutting temperature are screened out.

8. The spatter-free laser cold cutting method according to claim 7, wherein: In the step S5, the sample workpiece cut using the cutting parameter set data is subjected to a performance test; Specifically, laser cutting is performed respectively using the two sets of cutting parameter group data screened out in step S43 to obtain two laser-cut sample workpieces, and tensile tests are performed on the two laser-cut sample workpieces to obtain tensile stress-strain curves. The tensile properties of the two sample workpieces are compared, and the tensile fracture micromorphology is compared and observed.

9. The spatter-free laser cold cutting method according to claim 8, wherein: Based on the comparative analysis of the tensile properties of the two sample workpieces, and by observing the tensile fracture surface with a scanning electron microscope and comparing the micromorphology of the tensile fracture surface, a set of optimized spatter-free process parameter group data for laser cold cutting was obtained.

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