Environmentally friendly modular battery

Abstract

The invention relates to an environmentally friendly modular battery comprising, in a case (2), electrochemical cells (3), with an anode, cathode, electrolyte and separator, and a positive external connector (4a) and a negative external connector (4b), as well as: a positive and negative interconnection bus (5), to which different elements for control, monitoring and energy storage are connected, making the battery modular; screwable, universal-use retractable external connectors (4a, 4b); interchangeable energy storage modules (6) connected to the bus (5) separately or simultaneously, by means of module connectors (8); removable, interchangeable weldless cells (3); power modules (7) with independent BMS (16); and a cut-off switch (17).

Description

[0001] ECOLOGICAL MODULAR BATTERY

[0002] DESCRIPTION

[0003] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0004] The invention, as expressed in the title of this specification, relates to an ecological modular battery that provides, for its intended function, advantages and characteristics, which are described in detail below, which represent an improvement on the current state of the art.

[0005] More specifically, the object of the invention focuses on an electric power battery that, being one of those that converts the chemical energy stored in its components into electrical energy when required, is distinguished by comprising a modular design configuration that makes it a battery with no single point of failure, resilient, modifiable and adaptable to the future, where all possible paths, connectors, etc., are replaceable and therefore the useful life of the battery may have no limit, because all its components are changeable and replaceable, making it ecological.

[0006] To this end, the battery, which can be of variable configuration and application, in addition to the conventional functional components, such as electrochemical cells: anode, cathode, electrolyte and respective connections: or other additional ones already known as circuit board, voltmeters or voltage controllers, is distinguished by the fact that it comprises an interconnection bus, which allows its core structure, universal retractable connectors that screw different elements to the bus bar, replaceable energy storage modules, interchangeable cells, without welding that allow their manual extraction for testing and unit replacement, power modules with independent electronics and cut-off switch.

[0007] Additionally, interchangeable modules (power, storage, etc.) are interchangeable between different battery models, ensuring profitability and expansion.

[0008] All this allows different technologies to coexist within the same battery, since

[0009] 1

[0010] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) that can be combined L¡FEPo4 modules, Ultracaps (ultra capacities, high density energy storage devices), Li-ION and even Lead-Acid, Ni-Mh, Ni-Fe batteries or any other type inside. The modular design of BUS allows advances in energy storage technology, solid state, magnesium, salts, etc., that may come in the future to have their adaptability within the same battery chassis.

[0011] In turn, the independent electronics of each module and its interchangeability allow the battery to be resilient, modifiable, and adaptable to the future without a single point of failure. These characteristics make the battery of the invention an innovative, practical, and economical solution that is also environmentally friendly, since current designs go in the opposite direction, with programmed expiration, single points of failure, positive or negative right or left terminals, non-replaceable soldered fixed connectors, unique technology (either Pb-Acid, Pb-Gel, Li-ION, L¡FePO4), with no known technology that allows any combination of them to be chosen by the user and the appropriate use.

[0012] FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The field of application of the present invention falls within the sector of the industry dedicated to the manufacture of electric power batteries, covering both those intended for electrical and electronic equipment, appliances and devices, as well as those intended for automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles or other vehicles or those intended for energy storage systems (photovoltaic panels, for example).

[0014] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0015] Today's batteries are manufactured with cost savings in mind, not reusability. Therefore, each manufacturer creates a battery design that is incompatible with previous or other manufacturers.

[0016] So we have:

[0017] - A different type of battery for each laptop, even from the same brand and manufacturer's family.

[0018] - A different type of battery for each electrical or electronic device.

[0019] - A different type of battery for each car.

[0020] When a battery is compatible by pole position with two devices, for example with

[0021] 2

[0022] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) two cars, it is not by size, even if it has the same capacity. Thus, each car uses a different battery. And this is repeated ad infinitum with any appliance, device, or product. Furthermore, when the battery of any of our electronic equipment fails, replacement costs are high in all cases and impossible in others or at outrageous prices, especially if the equipment is already a few years old. Thus, we have tons of electronic equipment that ends up in the trash or at the recycling center at best, when an efficient and universal battery exchange system would have been sufficient. The objective of the present invention is the development of a new type of battery with said capacity thanks to a core system that, in turn, makes it environmentally friendly.

[0023] On the other hand, and as a reference to the current state of the art, it should be noted that, although different types and models of batteries for different applications are known, at least by the applicant, the existence of any that presents technical characteristics equal to or similar to the one claimed here is unknown.

[0024] EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] The ecological modular battery proposed by the invention represents an optimal solution to the problem described, which, in turn, constitutes an improvement over what is currently known, with the characterizing details that make it possible and distinguish it being conveniently included in the final claims that accompany this description.

[0026] What the invention proposes, as has been previously indicated, is an electric supply battery that is distinguished by comprising a configuration that, in addition to the conventional functional components, comprises an interconnection bus that allows its core structure and to house different modules between different batteries with a universal character, retractable connectors for universal use thanks to the fact that different elements are screwed to the bus bar, replaceable energy storage modules, easily interchangeable cells that thanks to being inserted in modules without welding allow their manual extraction as well as their testing and unitary replacement, and power modules with independent electronics, all of which provides a series of advantages with respect to what is currently known that are listed below:

[0027] - Ecology and Durability: It is designed using or reusing current battery systems, without additional damage to the environment, without waste due to proprietary manufacturing,

[0028] 3

[0029] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) etc. Since its design is agnostic to the energy cell technology used, the battery object of the invention will be in service for many years, even with different types of energy under it.

[0030] - Sustainability: All components have been designed to last a long time, without the undesirable effects of planned wear or current or future incompatibilities. The design allows for internal components to be replaced in the event of an anomaly or failure.

[0031] - Recycling: Technology can change, and in fact, it does change constantly, but the battery of the invention can assimilate any type of current or future energy cell.

[0032] - Adaptability: By designing multiple concurrent channels, a single battery can be tailored to provide different performance, capacity, starting power, or discharge duration by adapting the internal modules, without changing the main system.

[0033] - Universality: the battery of the invention has an interior design that allows its use in several poles, in different positions, with multiple types of connectors, even combining several of them simultaneously.

[0034] - High technology: The invention's battery uses the latest design technology, eliminating single points of failure in its internal and external components.

[0035] - Under your control: The battery of the invention allows for complete monitoring through the use of an application that can display its charging status, power, etc.

[0036] - Safety: In addition to the aforementioned elements, the battery can be deactivated using switches or circuit breakers, allowing it to be handled safely without the risk of electric shock, unwanted sparks, burns, or electrocution in any way.

[0037] - Core functionality: The battery of the invention has the ability to adapt to various types of internal modules, which provide different aspects of safety, connection / disconnection, charging capacity, discharge capacity, monitoring, charge maintenance, etc.

[0038] - Versatility: The battery can come in different shapes and sizes, always complying with the previous precepts. Given the core nature of the battery, all or some of its functions can be performed selectively, and it can always be adapted and reconfigured to meet new needs.

[0039] By meeting the listed characteristics, the result is a battery that allows you to rationalize the investment in energy storage, adapt the final design to the user's requirements, provide uninterrupted service for many years and remain as

[0040] 4

[0041] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) new, replacing elements that may be damaged or worn, without the high investment cost and lack of environmental friendliness of throwing everything away and buying a new system.

[0042] The inventive eco-friendly modular battery can come in various formats, sizes, and weights, but always with a focus on usability, robustness, and the ability to combine different technological elements within the same system. The outer casing is therefore a "container" that houses the battery's various storage and control modules.

[0043] DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] To complement the description being made and in order to help better understand the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached to this specification, as an integral part thereof, in which the following has been represented for illustrative and non-limiting purposes:

[0045] Figure 1.- Shows a perspective view of an example of a first variant of the ecological modular battery object of the invention, showing its general external configuration.

[0046] Figures 2 and 3 show views of different internal parts of the battery shown in figure 1.

[0047] Figure 4.- Shows a perspective view of an example of a second variant of the battery of the invention, showing its external configuration.

[0048] Figure 5.- Shows a detail of the battery shown in figure 4 where the cut-off switch it has can be seen.

[0049] Figures 6 and 7 show perspective views of the interior of the battery shown in figure 4.

[0050] Figures 8-A and 8-B and 8-C show views of two examples of the interchangeable energy storage modules comprising the battery of the invention, where the configuration thereof and its main parts can be seen.

[0051] 5

[0052] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) Figures 9-A and 9-B show side and front views of another interchangeable module of the battery of the invention, in this case a power module, where the unwelded cells and the connector to the bus can be seen.

[0053] Figure number 10.- Shows a perspective view of an example of another variant of the battery of the invention, in this case a compact battery variant, showing its external configuration.

[0054] And figure number 11.- Shows a view of the interior of the battery shown in figure 10.

[0055] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0056] In view of the aforementioned figures, and in accordance with the adopted numbering, different non-limiting embodiments of the ecological modular battery of the invention can be observed, which comprises what is indicated and described in detail below.

[0057] Thus, as can be seen in said figures, the battery (1) of the invention, having, in a conventional manner housed in a casing (2), one or more electrochemical cells (3), with their corresponding anode, cathode, electrolyte and separator, and at least one positive external terminal or connector (4a) and another negative one (4b), is basically distinguished by comprising the following:

[0058] - One interconnection bus (5) to the positive and another to the negative (figures 6 and 7).

[0059] The battery (1) allows the use of different control and monitoring elements, energy storage or disposal, all of which are connected to a bus (5), one for the positive and another for the negative, in a removable and interchangeable manner, which allows its core to incorporate some or others (different elements can be arranged) depending on the use that is to be made of the battery.

[0060] Preferably, this electrical bus (5) is connected with XT60 connectors that allow the use of charging / discharging of up to 60A of power for each module.

[0061] Thus, for example, the bus (5) (normally an electrified bar), has the possibility of 6

[0062] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) provide each battery (1) with more than one positive (4a) and negative (4b) external terminal or connector, which is unusual in the batteries currently on the market, even less so with the possibility of it being universal in purpose, which allows the different modules to be housed between different batteries (1).

[0063] - Two or more external connectors (4a, 4b) retractable for universal use (figure 3 and figure 4).

[0064] Unlike conventional batteries, for example car or automotive batteries, which usually have a fixed type of connector, slightly different depending on the battery model, and which only allows one connection possibility, by having connectors that are physically soldered to the battery, in the modular battery of the invention the retractable connectors with screw-on terminals allow the use of multiple connectors to allow its universal use.

[0065] - One or more interchangeable and replaceable energy storage modules (6).

[0066] The energy storage in the battery (1) of the invention is modular and replaceable. Thus, the energy storage elements (6) can be of different types of battery (Li-ION, L¡FePO4, Pb-Acid, Ultracaps, etc. can coexist). This core nature derived from the existence of the interconnection bus (5) to which they are connected, separately or all at once, by means of module connectors (8), is the main differentiating feature of the battery (1) of the invention.

[0067] - Cells (3) easily removable and interchangeable (figures 8-A, 8-B and 9).

[0068] The cells (3) in the battery (1) of the invention are incorporated without welding, being easily removable and maintainable by the end user.

[0069] In both automotive batteries (starter batteries) and other previously known batteries for other uses, the cells are soldered together, typically forming an indivisible group that combines series and parallel connections. For example, for 12-volt batteries with Li-ion cells, the typical configuration would be 3S-nP, where N is the number of cells in series that make up the total capacity.

[0070] 7

[0071] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) That is:

[0072] 1 18650 Lithium cell = 4.2v charged x 3 = 12.6 for each series Normally, between 2000 mAh and up to 3400 mAh.

[0073] For a battery of, say, 45Ah, you would need:

[0074] 45Ah / 3.4 = 13 series

[0075] In a normal battery, both the cells in series and the series interconnections are soldered (especially those forming the series). This prevents the user from maintaining them as a unit, and a single cell failure typically results in the failure of both the specific series and the overall battery degradation.

[0076] Unlike this, the cells (3) of the battery (1) of the invention are inserted into modules (6) without welding, which allows their manual extraction and their testing and unitary replacement in case of malfunction or breakdown.

[0077] - One or more power modules (7) with independent electronics (multiple BMS) (figures 8-A, 8-B).

[0078] The batteries known until now, usually provide a cell charge and discharge control system (3) called BMS (Battery Management System) that governs all the cells.

[0079] In contrast, in the battery (1) of the invention there is no single point of failure (non-SPOF), since the different power modules (7) incorporate an independent BMS (16). This ability to control each power module (7) at an independent level advantageously allows different storage modules (6) and power modules (7) with different battery and charging capacities to coexist within the same bus (5), which translates into the advantage of the battery (1) of not having a single point of failure (non-SPOF).

[0080] - And at least one cut-off switch (17) (figure 2).

[0081] The modular battery of the invention incorporates a cut-off switch to ensure the 8

[0082] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) safety in handling it, regardless of its size or capacity.

[0083] As previously indicated, the ecological modular battery (1) object of the invention can be of variable configuration and capacity, depending on the application for which it is intended.

[0084] Furthermore, preferably, the housing (2) of the battery (1) is openable, for example through a practicable cover (2a) to allow access to the interchangeable components described thereof.

[0085] Thus, looking at figures 1 to 3, an example of a first variant of the battery (1) embodiment can be seen, where the interconnection bus (5) can be seen, which constitutes one of its key components.

[0086] This bus (5) is an interconnection system of the different individual components in which there is common connection to be able to use and design the modular battery, that is, with "modules".

[0087] Each module can be hot-wired via the bus (5), meaning it can be manipulated with the battery (1) even while the battery is in use. This allows for use in highly critical environments where power outages or "zero" moments are unavoidable.

[0088] Therefore, the battery capacity (1) could be hot-swapped, for example by expanding the capacity of the modules by hot-swapping them sequentially, as they are incorporated without welding, without power interruptions, without inconvenience or risk. Although most users will not use this capability, it is intrinsic to each module's composition or definition.

[0089] On the other hand, the redundancy of the module connectors (8) means that there is no single point of failure in them, so that if a module connector (8) is damaged (due to mechanical causes, heat, or any other reason), there are other module connectors (8) available to continue interconnecting modules (6,7) and form, transform, replace or repair the battery (1).

[0090] 9

[0091] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) Another advantageous feature of the battery (1) is its resilience, without SPOF. The battery (1) is highly robust, resilient to failure, and relatively simple, allowing non-technical users to maintain their battery autonomously, always using suitable modules (6, 7) but without requiring labor if they do not wish to pay for it. With the appropriate instructions, the vast majority of people can continuously maintain their battery over time when modules need to be replaced due to degradation, capacity or power expansion, or change of technology.

[0092] Furthermore, the existence of multiple modules (6, 7), redundancy, electronic intelligence and reliability are also advantages of the battery of the invention. The same battery can work with cells (3) of Pb, Lithium-Cobalt, LiFePO4, Nickel-Cadmium, Nickel-Iron, etc. All those currently existing on the market or those that emerge in the future. The different technologies can be used in different storage modules (6).

[0093] For safety and resilience reasons, the non-existence of a single point of failure (non-SPOF) is carried over into the design of each module (6). Thus, each module (6) supports the electronics necessary to operate or disconnect autonomously, so that a failure in a cell (3) or in a module (6) does not compromise either the usability or the durability of the rest of the battery (1).

[0094] For example, in the case of the current Li-lon cells (3), each module (6) connectable to the bus (5) has its own BMS circuit (16), so that neither the BMS itself is SPOF nor does a total failure (for example, short circuit) of one of the modules affect the battery since its local BMS inhibits it before its connection to the bus.

[0095] Considering the example in figures 1 to 3, it can be seen how, preferably, the negative interconnection bus (5) and the positive interconnection bus (5), to allow for both multiple internal and external connectors, is an electrified bar that allows the different elements to be located comfortably and versatile. This arrangement allows for great versatility and options such as, for example, retractable positive (4a) and negative (4b) terminals or connectors on both sides of the battery (1), that is, replaceable, removable and substitutable, so that any oxidation or mechanical wear on a terminal is simply replaced by a new one without damaging the assembly.

[0096] It also allows the same battery (1) to be used in different formats, without 10

[0097] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) may require special editions. Thus, automotive-type connectors (4a, 4b) or threaded connectors, or both, can be selected, offering maximum flexibility for each use and situation. The connector material itself allows for energy transfer with minimal loss, using simple, inexpensive, and durable materials.

[0098] Another advantage of the battery (1) is its ecological character, thanks to the sustainability provided by the replaceable modules (6).

[0099] The bus design (5), with or without interconnection backplane (9), allows the modules (6) to be positioned so that they can be easily accessed, maintained and replaced, even by non-technical personnel. The failure of one of the modules (6) does not affect the normal operation of the battery (1). Each module (6) can be replaced independently, ensuring the sustainability of the assembly over time.

[0100] Furthermore, since the development of energy storage technology is very rapid, especially in recent years, the modular design allows to exchange or even interconnect different energy storage modules (6), including different technologies, in the same battery (1) with the best of today's technology and prepared for tomorrow's technology.

[0101] Likewise, the modules (6) can have a self-checking system and built-in voltmeters (19) to verify their status in disconnected or "standalone" mode of the battery. Each energy storage module (6) is composed of one or more cells (3) or groups of cells with a BMS (16) that protects the module (6) individually and performs the charge / discharge functions controlled by electronic circuits. This guarantees the optimal operating status, independent of the rest, of each module (6).

[0102] Furthermore, the modules (6) can be easily removed by disconnecting them from the main bus (5) through the corresponding module connector (8) or, if included, by removing them from the backplane (9), as occurs in the example in figure 3.

[0103] Preferably, the battery (1) has multiple module connectors (8) on its backplane (9) or power bar bus (5) to which energy module elements (6), power modules (7) or capacity increases (Ultracaps), sensors (14), LCD control displays (12, 13) and intelligent ventilation, among others, can be added. Optionally, the battery (1) 11

[0104] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) can incorporate up to 20 modules (6) directly connected to the backplane (9) and a number only limited by the interior space in the electrified power bars of the electrical interconnection bus (5).

[0105] Optionally, the battery (1) comprises standard and special external connectors. In the example shown in figures 1 to 3, designed as a test bench, it can be seen how the battery (1), in addition to retractable connectors (4a, 4b), incorporates battery starter clamps (10) on its sides, compatible with any motor vehicle, with 10mm section pure copper cable, connected directly to the power bars of the bus (5).

[0106] In addition, it also optionally has a cigarette lighter type connection (11), this being the most widespread universal connector in the automotive and nautical industry for connecting different types of equipment. In this way, the battery (1) can be transported, preferably by means of handles (20) provided for this purpose on both sides of the casing (2), as a portable power bank for any use such as camping, leisure, starting other vehicles, etc.

[0107] Optionally, the battery (1) is sold with a set of different types of special connectors.

[0108] Optionally, the battery (1) comprises a first LCD display (12) with a voltmeter and a remaining battery capacity meter (1). This value, logically, is relative to the number of energy storage modules (6) installed, and indicates both a percentage value and the instantaneous battery voltage.

[0109] Furthermore, the battery (1) comprises a second LCD display (13) that indicates the temperature and relative humidity inside the battery (1), always allowing control of its status and ensuring its reliable operation.

[0110] Preferably, the battery (1) also has a forced ventilation system, which can be activated either manually, by means of an external switch, or automatically, by detecting excess temperature using a temperature probe (14) provided for this purpose in the battery, so that it activates a silent fan (not shown) located on the side of the casing (2), to evacuate excess heat from the interior of the battery (1).

[0111] 12

[0112] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) The front panel of the casing (2) is also optionally designed with a grille (15) to increase ventilation by means of an adjustable air inlet system, which allows air to enter / exit naturally, depending on the fan flow. This design combines the best of both natural ventilation (ONAN) and manual ventilation, or electronically controlled ventilation when a certain temperature is reached.

[0113] All these measures allow the battery (1) to be maintained within its optimal operating ranges, avoiding excess heat through intelligent cooling, prolonging the useful life of the battery and preventing failures or accidents resulting from uncontrolled overheating of the battery, a common problem with conventional lithium batteries without the support of electronic control circuitry.

[0114] In a preferred embodiment option, the circuits, cable sections or electrified bus bar (5), connectors (8), BMS (16), modules (6, 7), etc., of the battery are designed in an oversized manner, in such a way that it guarantees the stability of the design in the face of changes in technologies capable of delivering more power, as well as considering the extreme longevity of the design of each module, interconnection, wiring and internal mechanism of the battery.

[0115] In one embodiment, the bus bar (5) is 8mm in diameter, allowing for a constant current of over 120A, although bars of any diameter may be used for more demanding designs. Preferably, the material used for the bars is zinc, although ideally pure copper in the form of a threaded rod may be used. The bars allow for multiple simultaneous module connectors (8) to be supplied with appropriate anchors, such that the battery (1) may be used with maximum versatility without requiring modifications to the original connectors.

[0116] Figure 3 shows the external threaded connectors (4a, 4b), which are directly connected to the bus (5), with an M8 metric that makes them universal.

[0117] You can also see the backplane of module connectors (8) xt60, where the wiring is connected to the bus (5); the electrified bars of the bus (5) of positive and negative, in this example arranged in a longitudinal position inside the housing (2), and the storage modules (6) and power (7), in this case also arranged in a longitudinal position with three cells (3). Each module (6), whatever the technology, is connected to its electronics.

[0118] 13

[0119] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) independent of the bus (5) thus allowing the exchange and coexistence of different technologies.

[0120] In figures 8-A to 9-B, the interchangeable storage modules (6) and power modules (7) can be seen represented independently, showing their configuration and main parts. Thus, looking at figures 8-A and 8-B, two examples of interchangeable storage modules (6) can be seen, in this case with 18650 Li-ion cells (3), without welding, with module connectors (8) at their ends and an independent BMS electronic board (16). In figures 9-A and 9-B, another interchangeable power module (7) is shown, also with three cells (3), an independent BMS electronic board (16) and, in this case, with an independent voltmeter (19).

[0121] Looking at figures 4 to 7, an example of another embodiment variant of the ecological modular battery (1) of the invention can be observed, in this case a compact design, high power, with great energy density and which occupies a very small space.

[0122] In this case, the battery (1) due to its high compactness does not incorporate an interconnection Backbone; instead, different module connectors (8) are applied directly on the electrified bus bar (5) that go out to two XT60 outputs (60A maximum each), to which the modules (6) are connected with independent control electronics to each module.

[0123] In the example shown, the battery (1) is made up of five modules (6), each of which incorporates two lines of 3-element batteries with (3) 18650 prismatic cells in series; in total each module has 6 cells, with a total capacity of 7Ah (3500 mAh each cell), at a total charge of 12.6V.

[0124] In addition to the five storage modules (6) of capacity, there is a high power module (7) of start, which incorporates the Ultracaps in series (up to 500 Farads), which provides a capacity of 83F at 12.6 v with voltage capacity up to 16 v.

[0125] The Ultracaps line is provided with its own charge and discharge control electronics, which is connected to the electrified bus bars (5) in parallel with the storage modules (6), as one more module.

[0126] This enables the battery (1) to supply enough current to start a motor car.

[0127] 14

[0128] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) conventional thermal, offering only 35Ah of nominal capacity.

[0129] Each module (6) is arranged independently, retractable, with module connectors (8) XT60 and offers a design that allows the testing and replacement of any of its modules, including the cells (3) that compose it, without needing to unsolder, as they are located in chassis with bronze-plated connectors (8) that allow their removal and replacement in case of failure, without altering the rest, without wasting any cell that is working correctly.

[0130] Additionally, the battery (1) has redundant positive and negative sockets (equivalent to terminals), allowing it to be positioned either left or right, or even vertically. It has two retractable positive threaded external connectors (4a) and two negative ones (4b).

[0131] Additionally, it has a high-intensity connector (XT90 connector) that allows outputs of up to 90A.

[0132] For safety and resilience reasons, the non-existence of a single point of failure (non-SPOF Single Point of Failure) is carried over into the design of each module (6).

[0133] Thus, each module (6) supports the electronic "intelligence" necessary to operate or disconnect autonomously, so that a failure in a cell (3) or module (6) does not compromise either the usability or the durability of the rest of the battery. For example, in the case of current Li-lon cells, each module connectable to the bus (5) has its own BMS circuit (16), so that neither the BMS itself is SPOF nor a total failure (for example, short circuit) of one of the modules (6) affects the battery since its local BMS (16) inhibits it before its connection to the bus (5).

[0134] The battery (1) in the example in figures 4 to 7 has a compact design, and incorporates both an external voltmeter / charge meter (can be switched off) with light and an external XT90 connector (90A) to allow the maximum energy needed to be released in case, for example, of connecting it to a starter motor.

[0135] Each module (6), whether lithium ion (Li-ION 18650) or Ultracaps, has autonomous operating electronics, therefore there is no single failure and increasing the

[0136] 15

[0137] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) system reliability.

[0138] To allow for multiple internal module connectors (8) and external connectors (4a, 4b), the bus bar design (5) allows for the convenient and versatile placement of the different elements. This arrangement allows for great versatility and options such as, for example, positive (4a) and negative (4b) connector terminals on both sides of the battery, or retractable connectors (replaceable, removable or substitutable), so that any oxidation or mechanical wear on a terminal is simply replaced by a new one without damaging the assembly.

[0139] It also allows the same battery to be used in different formats, without requiring special editions. This allows for automotive-style connectors, screw-on or threaded connectors, or both, providing maximum flexibility for every use and situation. The connector material itself allows for energy transfer with minimal loss, using simple, inexpensive, replaceable, and universal materials.

[0140] The bus design (5), in this case without interconnection backplane and directly connected to the power bars, allows the modules (6) to be located in such a way that their access, maintenance and replacement is easy to perform, even by non-technical personnel. The failure of one of the modules (6) does not affect the normal operation of the battery. Each module (6) can be replaced independently, guaranteeing the sustainability of the assembly over time.

[0141] As in the example in Figures 1 to 3 described above, in this case the modules (6) can have a self-test system and built-in voltmeters to verify their status in disconnected or standalone mode from the battery. Each energy storage module (6) is composed of one or more cells (3) or groups of cells with a BMS (16) that protects the module individually and performs the charge / discharge functions controlled by electronic circuits. This guarantees the optimal operating state, independent of the rest, of each module.

[0142] The modules (6) can be easily removed by disconnecting them from the main bus (5) via the module connector (8).

[0143] The battery (1) has multiple module connectors (8) on its busbar bus (5).

[0144] 16

[0145] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) power in which to add elements of energy storage modules (6), capacity increase (Ultracaps), sensors, LCD control displays and intelligent ventilation, among others.

[0146] The battery example (1) shown in Figures 4 to 7 is designed as a universal compact battery and is a convenient size for transporting into hand luggage or a backpack. It can supply all the power needed to charge several laptops, use power inverters (220V), etc.

[0147] The battery also has a charge status control through a voltage controller that connects via Bluetooth (18) to a mobile application.

[0148] There is a Bluetooth control module (18) connected to the system buses (5), which monitors the battery charge and transmits the data via Bluetooth to an Android-based application. This App offers instantaneous and historical voltage graphs. This application and sensor are commercially available and can be attached to the battery (1) without being part of it (they are not the subject of this patent).

[0149] As in the example in figures 1 to 3, the battery (1) shown in figures 4 to 7 also has a small forced ventilation system, guided by a thermostat that is activated by exceeding the temperature threshold using the temperature probe that the system has, so that they activate a silent fan in the back to eliminate excess heat from the inside of the casing (2).

[0150] All of these measures help keep the battery within its correct operating range, avoiding excess heat through intelligent cooling, prolonging battery life, and preventing failures or accidents resulting from uncontrolled overheating, a common problem with conventional lithium batteries without the support of electronic control circuitry.

[0151] The circuits, cable sections or electrified bar, connectors, BMS, modules, etc., of the battery (1), in this example are also designed in an oversized way, in such a way as to guarantee the stability of the design in the face of changes in technologies capable of delivering more power, as well as considering the extreme longevity of the design of each module, interconnection, wiring and internal mechanism of the battery. Specifically, they have been used

[0152] 17

[0153] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) 8mm diameter electrified bars, which are equivalent to almost 80mm in section.

[0154] The 8mm diameter busbar design allows for a constant current of over 120A, although busbars of any diameter can be used for the most demanding designs. The busbar material is zinc, although pure copper threaded rods can ideally be used. Busbars allow for multiple simultaneous connectors with the appropriate anchors, allowing for maximum versatility without requiring modifications to the original connectors.

[0155] Figure 6 shows the bus (5) for interconnecting negative and positive signals, and the module connectors (8) XT60 that connect the different load storage modules (6), although these are hidden under the rest of the elements, for example the Bluetooth control module (18), as well as the Ultracaps 500F power modules (7) with independent control electronics.

[0156] Furthermore, figure 6 shows the BMS charge control board (16) of the Ultracaps 500F that incorporates this variant of the battery (1), which is connected to the bus (5) by means of module connectors (8) XT60, in this case given the high discharge amperage that it is capable of giving.

[0157] And, in figure 7, the external connectors (4a and 4b) can be seen on both sides of the respective electrified bars of the bus (5) for interconnecting negative and positive, connectors that are threadable so they can be extracted and exchanged. In figure 4, their appearance can be seen on the outside of the housing (2). Likewise, in figure 7, the module connectors (8) XT60 that connect the different modules (6) to the bus (5) even when hot and the general cut-off switch (17) of the battery (1) can be seen more clearly.

[0158] Looking at figures 10 and 11, another example of the embodiment of the ecological modular battery (1) object of the invention can be observed, in this case an example of a rugged portable battery that has a compact design, being made with materials that are very resistant to impact and with an arrangement of internal components designed for portability.

[0159] Thus, in this case, the battery (1), due to its high compactness, integrates a five-socket interconnection bus (5), welded and insulated with elastomers that prevent vibration and cushion a possible impact; module connectors are applied to the internal electrified bars.

[0160] 18

[0161] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) (8) XT60 (60A maximum each), in which in this specific version an electronics of cells (3) L¡FePO4 with intelligent BMS control electronics (16) are connected; this arrangement is a homogeneous group of four 32700 cells with LÍFEPO4 technology that are used in other models, and that allows to exchange said internal components and even mix them with other technology and modular cells, increasing its versatility.

[0162] It consists of a storage module (6) of 4 x 32700 prismatic L¡FePO4 cells (3), arranged in series, with an independent BMS control module (16) that allows supplying up to 40A of maximum discharge; in total each module has 4 cells, with a total capacity of 6.5Ah (6500 mAh each cell), at a total charge of 13.2V.

[0163] In addition to the energy storage module (6), there is a power boost and stabilization module (7) starter, which incorporates the Ultracaps in series (up to 50 Farads), providing a capacity of 16F at 13.2 V with voltage capacity up to 16 V. The Ultracaps line is provided with its own charge and discharge control electronics, wrapped in a sealed plastic capsule to increase rigidity and facilitate maintenance (ruggedized), which is connected to the bus (5) in parallel in one of its connectors.

[0164] This allows the battery (1) to supply enough current to start an electric motorcycle, and even to serve as an unlocking / starting battery for a hybrid or electric thermal engine car (successfully tested in Citroen CZero and Toyota Prius).

[0165] Each module (6) is arranged independently, retractable, with module connectors (8) XT60 and offers a design that allows the testing and replacement of any of its modules (6) including the cells (3) that compose it without needing to unsolder, as they are located in chassis with bronze-plated connectors (8) that allow their removal and replacement in case of failure, without altering the rest, without wasting any cell (3) that works correctly.

[0166] Additionally, the battery (1) has sealed power outlets (equivalent to terminals) redundant both positive and negative, allowing it to be placed indistinctly left / right and even vertically. It has two retractable positive threaded connectors (4a) and two negative ones (4b), allowing its use in parallel and simultaneous in charge / discharge.

[0167] 19

[0168] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) Additionally, it has a high-intensity connector (XT60 connector) that allows outputs of up to 60A (combining power from the Ultracaps + internal battery)

[0169] For safety and resilience reasons, the non-existence of a single point of failure (non-SPOF Single Point of Failure) is carried over into the design of each module (6). Thus, each module (6) can support the electronic "intelligence" necessary to operate or disconnect autonomously, so that a failure in a cell (3) or module (6) does not compromise either the usability or the durability of the rest of the battery (1). For example, in the case of current L¡FePO4 cells, each module connectable to the bus (5) has its own BMS circuit (16), such that neither the BMS itself is SPOF nor a total failure (for example, short circuit) of one of the modules (6) affects the battery (1) since its local BMS (16) inhibits it before its connection to the bus (5).

[0170] The battery (1) has a compact design, and incorporates both an external voltmeter / charge meter (can be switched off by a switch) with light and an external XT60 connector (60A) to allow the maximum energy needed to be released in case, for example, of connecting it to a starter motor.

[0171] Each module (6), both lithium-ferrophosphate (LIFEPO4 - 32700) and Ultracaps, has autonomous operating electronics, therefore there is no single failure and increasing the reliability of the system.

[0172] Furthermore, as in the previous examples, to allow for both multiple internal and external connectors, the bus bar design (5) allows for the different elements to be positioned in a comfortable and versatile manner. This arrangement allows for great versatility and options such as, for example, positive (4a) and negative (4b) terminals on both sides of the battery, or retractable connectors (replaceable, removable or substitutable), so that any oxidation or mechanical wear on a terminal can simply be replaced with a new one without damaging the assembly.

[0173] In this case, the casing (2) has been miniaturized and ruggedized, wrapping the welds of the electrified bar connectors with elastomer that allows great mobility without risk of disconnection of the mechanical parts.

[0174] It also allows the same battery to be used in different formats, without requiring

[0175] 20

[0176] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) special editions. Thus, you can choose automotive-type connectors, threaded screw-on connectors, or both at the same time, providing maximum flexibility for every use and situation. The connector material itself allows for energy transfer with minimal loss, using simple, inexpensive, replaceable, and universal materials.

[0177] The bus design (5), in this case without interconnection backplane and directly connected to the power bars, allows the modules (6) to be located in such a way that their access, maintenance and replacement is easy to perform, even by non-technical personnel. The failure of one of the modules (6) does not affect the normal operation of the battery (1). Each module (6) can be replaced independently, guaranteeing the sustainability of the assembly over time.

[0178] Likewise, the modules (6) can have a self-test system and built-in voltmeters to verify their status in disconnected or standalone mode of the battery. Each energy storage module (6) is composed of one or more cells (3) or groups of cells with a BMS (16) that protects the module individually and performs the charge / discharge functions controlled by electronic circuits. This guarantees the optimal operating state, independent of the rest, of each module.

[0179] The modules (6) can be easily removed by disconnecting them from the main bus (5) via the module connector (8).

[0180] The battery (1), in the example of figures 10 and 11, as in the other examples, has multiple module connectors (8) on its power bar bus (5) in which elements of energy storage modules (6), power (7) for increased capacity (Ultracaps), sensors, LCD control displays and intelligent ventilation, among others, can be added. Specifically, in this example up to five modules (6) can be incorporated directly.

[0181] The cited example of the battery (1) is designed as a universal, rugged portable battery, so it has a comfortable size and can be transported as hand luggage or in a backpack or bag, given its small size. It can supply all the power needed to charge portable steamers, use power inverters (220v), etc. The 5.5 mm charging connector is designed to be able to receive a charging source from a transformer, even from a photovoltaic cell, since the BMS modules (16) and the Ultracaps allow this.

[0182] 21

[0183] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) direct connection without any harm, always respecting the 16V maximum input limit.

[0184] It also has a cigarette lighter type connection (11), also ruggedized, with an insulating cover using a nautical connector (special anti-splash connector), this being the most widespread universal connector in the automobile and nautical industry for the connection of different types of equipment.

[0185] The battery (1), in this case, can also additionally have a charge status control by means of a Bluetooth voltage controller (18) that connects to an application, although in figure 11 it has been removed to allow a better observation of the rest of the elements.

[0186] Thus, optionally, the battery (1) contains a control module (18) connected to the system buses (5), which monitors the battery charge and transmits the data via Bluetooth to an Android-based application. This app offers graphs of instantaneous and historical voltages.

[0187] In turn, although it is not seen in the figures, it can have an external LCD display (12) with a voltmeter and remaining battery capacity meter, which additionally incorporates USB charging connectors with QC 3.0 standard support and standard USB and USB-C connectors.

[0188] Preferably, the battery (1) has internal sealing of its components by means of silicone and a safety switch (17), all of them splash-proof, reinforcing the solidity and mobile versatility of the assembly (ruggedized).

[0189] In this variant of figures 10 and 11, no active cooling is required in the range -20 to +70 degrees, although the metal cover (2) allows an exchange of possible excess heat (ONAN - natural cooling) which increases the heat exchange and maintains the functional temperature threshold in the system.

[0190] All these measures allow the battery to be kept within its correct operating ranges, avoiding excess heat through passive cooling and prolonging its useful life and preventing failures or accidents resulting from uncontrolled overheating, a common problem with conventional lithium batteries without support.

[0191] 22

[0192] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) of passive cooling or control probes (Bluetooth in this case)

[0193] Preferably, in this battery section (1), 5mm diameter electrified bars have been used, exceeding the required section in its power demand thresholds already indicated. The 5mm diameter electrified bar design allows a constant current of more than 40A, although this does not constitute a limitation and electrified bars of any diameter can be used for the most demanding designs. The material used in the bars is treated copper, although ideally pure copper can be used in the form of a threaded rod.

[0194] The electrified bars allow for multiple simultaneous supply and consumption connectors with the appropriate anchors, allowing for maximum versatility without requiring modifications to the original connectors.

[0195] Looking at figure 11, it can be seen how, in this third section, the battery (1) comprises a box of Ultracaps 20Fx6 as an interchangeable power module (7) that is connected to the bus (5) by an XT60 module connector (8). In addition, it can be seen how the bus (5) is of a compact, rugged configuration and the XT60 connectors (8) are connected underneath, forming a sealed compact bus. On the other hand, it comprises an interchangeable 4S L¡FeP04 storage module (6), with a high discharge capacity and immune to shocks (it does not explode due to perforation like Li-ION), with 32700 cells (3) joined by an insulating casing.

[0196] Furthermore, in figure 11 you can see the 4s X6500 mAh BMS (16) electronic control board that the module (6) carries, which, being independent, allows the complete module (6) to be connected to any other battery (1) with the only restriction being the size it occupies.

[0197] Likewise, figure 11 shows the inner part of the external connectors that the battery (1) has, that is, charge / discharge connectors (4a, 4b) and universal cigarette lighter connector (11).

[0198] Finally, although not represented in the figures, the invention contemplates another embodiment where the battery (1) incorporates a flat interconnection bus (5) welded to the opening cover (2a).

[0199] 23

[0200] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) More specifically, in this variant, the battery, with a preferred power of 12V, has an ultra-compact casing configuration (2), with a sealed, shock-resistant bus (5), which is arranged parallel to the plane of the opening cover (2a) and where, in addition, the entire bus (5) is embedded or "immersed" in a layer of silicone-like plastic elastomer material that allows high mechanical resistance and impact resistance.

[0201] In this case, the battery (1) preferably incorporates the following elements:

[0202] - digital voltmeter (19) with its push button,

[0203] - six Li-ION 3500 mAh storage modules (6), with independent BMS (16),

[0204] - a Bluetooth controller (18) for charging and battery monitoring,

[0205] - Ultracaps (7) connection capacity carried out externally by the xT60 connector (8),

[0206] - 5mm copper threaded connectors (4a, 4b) retractable

[0207] - 12V universal 5.5mm charging connector (INPUT / OUTPUT), cigarette lighter type (11)

[0208] - XT60 (60A) high power module connector (8)

[0209] - ability to connect additional Ultracaps (7)

[0210] - cut-off switch (17)

[0211] Finally, it is worth highlighting the fact that in any of the described variants of the battery (1) of the invention, the electronics are prepared for direct connection to a solar panel, not only to a car alternator, either through a 5.5m charging connector (11) or with the module connector (8) XT60 in the case of very, very large panels. The redundant BMS (16) make it possible to manage said energy efficiently and distribute it to each module, given its parallel connection to the bus (5).

[0212] Having sufficiently described the nature of the present invention, as well as the manner of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to explain it further so that any expert in the field may understand its scope and the advantages derived from it, stating that, within its essence, it may be put into practice in other embodiments that differ in detail from the one indicated as an example, and to which it will also achieve the protection sought provided that its fundamental principle is not altered, changed or modified.

[0213] 24

[0214] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

CLAIMS 1.- Ecological modular battery comprising, housed in a casing (2), one or more electrochemical cells (3), with their corresponding anode, cathode, electrolyte and separator, and at least one positive external connector (4a) and another negative one (4b), is characterized by comprising: - a bus (5) for interconnection to the positive and another to the negative, to which different control and monitoring elements, for energy storage, are connected, allowing its core character; - two or more retractable external connectors (4a, 4b) for universal use with screw-on terminals allowing the use of multiple connectors; - one or more interchangeable and replaceable energy storage modules (6) which may be of different types, and which are connected to the interconnection bus (5) separately or all at once by means of module connectors (8); - easily removable and interchangeable cells (3) that are incorporated into the modules (6) without welding; - one or more power modules (7) with independent charge and discharge control system or BMS electronics (16), allowing, where appropriate, the coexistence of different storage modules (6) and power modules (7) with different battery and charge capacities within the same bus (5); and - at least one cut-off switch (17). 2.- Ecological modular battery, according to claim 1, characterized in that the module connectors (8) with which the electrical bus (5) is connected to them are XT60 connectors that allow the use of charging / discharging of up to 60A of power for each module. 3.- Ecological modular battery, according to claim 2, characterized in that each module (6, 7) is connected to the bus (5) with its module connectors (8) allowing the bus (5) to be interconnected with the battery (1) even during use of the same and avoiding the existence of a point 25 REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) the only fault in them, 4.- Ecological modular battery, according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that it comprises cells (3) of Pb, Lithium-Cobalt, L¡FePO4, Nickel-Cadmium, Nickel-Iron, or others that may arise in the future, incorporated in different storage modules (6). 5.- Ecological modular battery, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that each module (6) connectable to the bus (5) has its own independent BMS circuit (16). 6.- Ecological modular battery, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the negative interconnection bus (5) and the positive interconnection bus (5) is an electrified bar. 7.- Ecological modular battery, according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises retractable positive (4a) and negative (4b) terminals or connectors, that is, replaceable, removable and substitutable, on both sides of the battery (1). 8.- Ecological modular battery, according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that it comprises automotive type connectors (4a, 4b), or threaded screw connectors, or both at the same time. 9.- Ecological modular battery, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a bus (5) with a backplane (9) of interconnections. 10.- Ecological modular battery, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the modules (6) have a self-checking system and voltmeters (19). 10.- Ecological modular battery, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, connected to the bus (5) by means of module connectors (8), sensors (14), LCD control displays (12, 13) and intelligent ventilation, among others. 11.- Ecological modular battery, according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises a first LCD display (12) with a voltmeter and a remaining battery capacity meter (1). 26 REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) 12.- Ecological modular battery, according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises a second LCD display (13) that indicates the temperature and relative humidity inside the battery (1). 13.- Ecological modular battery, according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises a forced ventilation system, activated both manually and automatically, by detecting excess temperature using a temperature probe (14), so that it activates a silent fan to evacuate excess heat from the inside of the battery (1). 14.- Ecological modular battery, according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises a grid (15) in the casing (2) so that ventilation can be increased by means of an adjustable air inlet system, which allows the entry / exit of the same, depending on the flow of the fan, in a natural way. 15.- Ecological modular battery, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises standard external connectors, in addition to the special retractable connectors (4a, 4b). 16.- Ecological modular battery, according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises on its sides battery starting clamps (10) connected directly to the power bars of the bus (5). 17.- Ecological modular battery, according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises a cigarette lighter type connection (11). 18.- Ecological modular battery, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a charge status control by means of a voltage controller that connects via Bluetooth (18) to a mobile application. 19.- Ecological modular battery, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the casing (2) is opened, through a practicable cover (2a), to allow access to the interchangeable components thereof. 27 REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) 20.- Ecological modular battery, according to claim 19, characterized in that it incorporates a flat interconnection bus (5) welded to the opening cover (2a). 21.- Ecological modular battery, according to claim 20, characterized in that the bus (5) is incorporated sealed, embedded in a layer of plastic elastomer material that gives it high mechanical resistance and impact resistance. 22.- Ecological modular battery, according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that it is prepared for direct connection to a solar panel, either through a charging connector (11) or with an XT60 module connector (8), where the redundant BMS (16) manage said energy efficiently, distributing it to each module thanks to its parallel connection to the bus (5). REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26)

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