Ethernet-based power sourcing equipment

Abstract

The present application relates to an Ethernet-based power sourcing equipment. The power sourcing equipment comprises: a control module, which is configured to determine a device type and operation power of and a target power sourcing method for a powered device, output a first control signal or a second control signal, and transmit the device type, the operation power and the target power sourcing method to a management module; the management module, which manages whether each port performs power sourcing and the power sourcing power of each port; a first power supply module, which provides a first voltage for the power sourcing equipment; a first power supply conversion module, which converts the first voltage into a second voltage; a power supply selection module, which is configured to control, when receiving the first control signal, the first voltage to be output, and control, when receiving the second control signal, the second voltage to be output; and a voltage output end, which is configured to provide the first voltage or the second voltage to the powered device by means of the target power sourcing method. The power sourcing equipment can perform power sourcing on both a standard powered device and a non-standard powered device.

Description

[0001] TECHNICAL FIELD This application relates to the field of Ethernet power supply technology, and more particularly to an Ethernet-based power supply device. Background: Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a technology that can transmit power and data to terminal devices via twisted-pair cables in an Ethernet network. PoE, also known as Power over LAN (PoL) or Active Ethernet, is sometimes simply referred to as Power over Ethernet. PoE allows Internet Protocol (IP)-based terminal devices, such as door and building switches, network cameras, WiFi access points, IP phones, and IP access control devices, to transmit data signals while also providing DC power to these devices, without modifying the existing Ethernet Category 5 cabling infrastructure.

[0002] A PoE system consists of three main components: power sourcing equipment (PSE), powered devices (PD), and Ethernet cables. The PSE delivers power to the PD via the Ethernet cable, while the PD receives power from the PSE and converts it to a standard voltage for its own use. Currently, there are three standard PoE technologies: 802.3a pseudo-t / bt, as well as a non-standard PoE technology (PASSIVE PoE). Both standard and non-standard PoE support 2-pair powering and 4-pair powering (4PPoE). 2-pair powering includes Alternative A (Mode A) and Alternative B (Mode B), which transmit standard PoE voltage from the PSE to the PD via pairs 1-2 / 3-6 and pairs 4-5 / 7-8, respectively. Standard PoE requires the PSE to support Mode A, Mode B, or 4-pair power supply, and the PD to automatically identify and adapt to these conditions. However, since non-standard PoE is not standardized, PDs in non-standard PoE are not required to automatically adapt to Mode A, Mode B, or 4-pair power supply. However, for certain non-standard PDs, a matching non-standard PSE (PASSIVE PSE) must be used. For example, a Mode A PD must be connected to a Mode A PSE, a Mode B PD must be connected to a Mode B PSE, and a 4-pair powered PD must be connected to a 4-pair powered PSE. Generally, Ethernet-based power supply equipment supports either standard PoE or non-standard PoE. However, in actual engineering scenarios, the same PSE may coexist with PDs supporting various standards such as 802.3af / at / bt, as well as non-standard PDs, such as non-standard PDs with 2-pair-low or 4-pair-high signals. As a result, the same PSE cannot simultaneously power both standard and non-standard PDs. Application Content: The Ethernet-based power supply equipment provided in the embodiments of the present application can address at least some of the shortcomings of the prior art. The embodiments of the present application provide an Ethernet-based power supply equipment. The power supply device includes a control module configured to determine a device type, operating power, and target power supply mode of a powered device, output a first control signal or a second control signal,and transmits the device type, the operating power, the target power supply mode, the protection voltage range, the protection current range, and the protection temperature range to the management module; wherein the device type is used to indicate a standard powered device or a non-standard powered device; the management module is configured to: manage the power supply and power supply of each port according to the instructions of the control module, and transmit the voltage, current, power consumption, temperature, short circuit status, and detection classification results of each port to the control module; a first power supply module is configured to: provide a first voltage to the power supply device; a first power conversion module is configured to: convert the first voltage into a second voltage; a power selection module is configured to: control the output of the first voltage when receiving the first control signal, and control the output of the second voltage when receiving the second control signal; wherein the voltage level of the first control signal is greater than the voltage level of the second control signal; a voltage output terminal is configured to: provide the first voltage or the second voltage to the powered device through the target power supply mode. Optionally, the power selection module includes: a signal input terminal, a first N-type MOS transistor, a first P-type MOS transistor, a second N-type MOS transistor, a second P-type MOS transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, an inverter, a diode, a first power input terminal, a second power input terminal, and a power output terminal; the signal input terminal is connected to the control module, the first power input terminal is connected to the first power module, and the second power input terminal is connected to the first power conversion module; the signal input terminal is respectively connected to the gate of the first N-type MOS transistor and the input terminal of the inverter, and the output terminal of the inverter is connected to the gate of the second N-type MOS transistor; the drain of the first N-type MOS transistor is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor, the second terminal of the first resistor is connected to the gate of the first P-type MOS transistor, and the source of the first N-type MOS transistor is connected to ground; the source of the first P-type MOS transistor is respectively connected to the first power input terminal and the first terminal of the second resistor, and the second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the gate of the first P-type MOS transistor. The drain of the first P-type MOS transistor is connected to the power output terminal; the drain of the second N-type MOS transistor is connected to the first end of the third resistor, and the second end of the third resistor is connected to the gate of the second P-type MOS transistor.The source of the second N-type MOS transistor is connected to the ground; the source of the second P-type MOS transistor is respectively connected to the second power input terminal and the first end of the fourth resistor, and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the gate of the second P-type MOS transistor; when the first voltage is higher than the second voltage, the drain of the second P-type MOS transistor is connected to the anode of the diode, and the cathode of the diode is connected to the power output terminal; when the first voltage is lower than the second voltage, the drain of the second P-type MOS transistor is connected to the cathode of the diode, and the anode of the diode is connected to the power output terminal; wherein, when the signal input terminal receives the first control signal, the first N-type MOS transistor and the first? When the first N-type MOS transistor and the second P-type MOS transistor are both turned on, the first voltage passes through the first power input terminal and the first P-type MOS transistor in sequence and is output to the power output terminal. The first control signal passes through the inverter to generate a first electrical signal with a level flip, so that the second N-type MOS transistor and the second P-type MOS transistor are both turned off, thereby disconnecting the loop between the second power input terminal and the power output terminal. When the signal input terminal receives the second control signal, the first N-type MOS transistor and the first P-type MOS transistor are both turned off, thereby disconnecting the loop between the first power input terminal and the power output terminal. The second control signal passes through the inverter to generate a second electrical signal with a level flip, so that the second N-type MOS transistor and the second P-type MOS transistor are both turned on, and the second voltage passes through the second power input terminal, the second P-type MOS transistor, and the diode in sequence and is output to the power output terminal. Optionally, the management module includes: a power input pin, the negative poles of multiple power line pairs; the voltage output end includes: a network transformer and a network interface; the network transformer is respectively connected to the power input pin and the negative poles of each power line pair, the management module is connected to the power selection module, and the network interface is respectively connected to the network transformer and the powered device; the management module is configured to: based on the device type, the operating power and the target power supply mode, perform switching control on the negative pole of each power line pair; the power input pin is short-circuited with the positive pole of each port / the positive pole of each power line pair; the first voltage or the second voltage output by the power selection module is sequentially output to the powered device through the power input pin, the negative poles of the multiple power line pairs, the network transformer and the network interface. Optionally,The management module also includes: a main processing unit, a serial interface, a detection and grading unit, an analog-to-digital converter and a plurality of MOS tubes; the serial interface is connected to the powered device, the detection and grading unit and the analog-to-digital converter respectively; the detection and grading unit includes: a detection subunit and a grading subunit; wherein, the detection subunit is configured as follows: when the device type is used to indicate a non-standard powered device, the detection subunit does not work; when the device type is used to indicate a standard powered device, the detection subunit performs detection processing according to a preset standard; the grading subunit is configured as follows: when the device type is used to indicate a non-standard powered device, the grading subunit does not work; when the device type is used to indicate a standard powered device, the grading subunit performs power grading processing and controls the power supply based on the preset standard and the operating power; the analog-to-digital converter is configured to: detect the voltage, current and temperature of each port, and convert the voltage, The current and temperature of each port are transmitted to a register, and the register transmits the voltage, current, and temperature of each port to the control module through the serial interface. The main processing unit is configured to set or obtain relevant register contents based on instructions from the control module and protection thresholds of relevant parameters, and control and query power supply behavior of each port / each power line pair. Each MOS transistor in the plurality of MOS transistors corresponds to the negative electrode of a power line pair, and the MOS transistor is controlled to be turned on or off to enable or disable power to each port / each power line pair. Optionally, the control module includes: a switching calculation unit and a device controller; the switching calculation unit is configured to: determine the device type, the operating power, and the target power supply mode; output the first control signal or the second control signal; transmit the device type, the operating power, the target power supply mode, the protection voltage range, the protection current range, and the protection temperature range to each device controller; and obtain the voltage, current, power consumption, temperature, short-circuit status, and detection classification result of each port from the management module through the device controller; the device controller is configured to: forward the first control signal or the second control signal of the switching calculation unit to the power selection module, forward relevant instructions of the switching calculation unit to the management module, and forward the instruction response of the management module to the switching calculation unit. Optionally, the control module includes: a switching calculation unit and a device controller; the switching calculation unit is configured to: determine the device type, the operating power, and the target power supply mode; output the first control signal or the second control signal;The first control signal or the second control signal is sent to the power selection module; the device type, operating power, target power mode, protection voltage range, protection current range, and protection temperature range are transmitted to the device controller; and the device controller obtains the voltage, current, power consumption, temperature, short-circuit status, and detection classification result of each port from the management module. The device controller is configured to forward relevant instructions from the switching calculation unit to the management module and forward the management module's instruction response to the switching calculation unit. Optionally, the control module includes a switching calculation unit; the switching calculation unit is configured to: determine the device type, operating power, and target power mode, output the first control signal or the second control signal; send the first control signal or the second control signal to the power selection module; transmit the device type, operating power, target power mode, protection voltage range, protection current range, and protection temperature range to the management module; and obtain the voltage, current, power consumption, temperature, short-circuit status, and detection classification result of each port from the management module. Optionally, the power supply device further includes: a second power module; the second power module is configured to provide a third voltage to a target circuit, the target circuit excluding the management module, the device controller, and the power selection module. Optionally, the power supply device further includes: an isolator; the isolator is configured to isolate the target circuit powered by the second power module from the circuit powered by the first power module. Optionally, the power supply device further includes: a second power conversion module; the second power conversion module is configured to convert the first voltage to a fourth voltage and provide the fourth voltage to the isolator, the management module, the device controller, and an inverter in the power selection module. At least one advantageous aspect of the Ethernet-based power supply device provided by the embodiments of the present application is: determining the device type, operating power, and target power supply mode of the powered device through a control module, outputting a first control signal or a second control signal, managing the power supply and power supply of each port through a management module, thereby controlling the output of the first voltage or the second voltage through a power selection module, and then providing the first voltage or the second voltage to the powered device through a voltage output terminal, thereby enabling the same power supply device to simultaneously power standard powered devices and non-standard powered devices. Description of the Figures One or more embodiments are exemplarily illustrated by the images in the corresponding drawings, and these exemplifying descriptions do not constitute limitations on the embodiments.Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings represent similar elements, and unless otherwise specified, the figures in the drawings are not intended to be scaled. Figure 1 is a functional block diagram of an Ethernet-based power supply device provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of standard PoE parameters provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of non-standard PoE parameters provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a circuit schematic diagram of a power selection module provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is a circuit schematic diagram of a power selection module provided in another embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 is a functional block diagram of a management module provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 is a functional block diagram illustrating a power selection module controlled by a device controller provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 is a functional block diagram illustrating a power selection module controlled by a switching computing unit provided in an embodiment of the present application; and Figure 9 is a functional block diagram illustrating a power selection module and a connection management module controlled by a switching computing unit provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS To facilitate understanding of the present application, the present application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that when an element is described as being "fixed to" another element, it may be directly attached to the other element, or one or more intermediate elements may be present. When an element is referred to as being “connected to” another element, it may be directly connected to the other element, or one or more intervening elements may be present therebetween. The terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "bottom," etc. used in this specification to indicate positions or locations are based on the positions or locations shown in the accompanying drawings and are used only to facilitate the description of this application and simplify the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this application. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used in this specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items. In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this application described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. Figure 1 is a functional block diagram of an Ethernet-based power supply device provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 1,Power sourcing equipment (PSE) 10 includes a control module 11, a management module 12, a first power module 13, a first power conversion module 14, a power selection module 15, and a voltage output terminal 16. The management module 12 is connected to the control module 11, the power selection module 15, and the voltage output terminal 16, respectively. The voltage output terminal 16 is connected to a powered device (PD). The power selection module 15 is connected to the control module 11, the first power module 13, and the first power conversion module 14, respectively. The first power module 13 is connected to the first power conversion module 14. The control module 11 is configured to determine the device type, operating power, and target power mode of the powered device, output a first control signal or a second control signal, and transmit the device type, operating power, target power mode, protection voltage range, protection current range, and protection temperature range to the management module 12. The device type indicates whether the powered device is standard or non-standard. It should be noted that the device type, operating power, and target power mode of the powered device are configured by the user through input into the control module 11, thereby obtaining the device type, operating power, and target power mode. The management module 12 is configured to manage the power supply and power supply of each port according to instructions from the control module 11, and transmit the voltage, current, power consumption, temperature, short-circuit status, and detection classification results of each port to the control module 11. Instructions from the control module 11 include, but are not limited to, device type, operating power, target power mode, protection voltage range, protection current range, and protection temperature range. It should be noted that the term "standard powered device" refers to a powered device that complies with the Power over Ethernet (PoE) standard technology, while the term "non-standard powered device" refers to a powered device that complies with the non-standard PoE technology (PASSIVE PoE). It should be noted that the target power supply mode is: 2-pair power supply or 4-pair power supply. Among them, 2-pair power supply includes: Mode A (Alternative A) and Mode B (Alternative B). Mode A is to load voltage on pairs 1 / 2 and 3 / 6, and Mode B is to load voltage on pairs 4 / 5 and 7 / 8. 4-pair power supply uses all 4 pairs to supply power at the same time. In addition to the above three power supply modes,The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) also provides a set of signaling standards for identifying Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) and Powered Devices (PD). These signaling standards enable the PSE to detect the presence of a compatible PD and allow the PD and PSE to negotiate the required or available power. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram comparing standard PoE parameters provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2, standard PoE requires that the PSE must support Mode A, Mode B, or 4-pair power, while the corresponding PD must be able to automatically identify and adapt to Mode A, Mode B, or 4-pair power. FIG3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of non-standard PoE parameters provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG3 , non-standard PoE (PASSIVE PoE) draws on standard PoE and can be powered using either 2-pair power (including Mode A and Mode B) or 4-pair power. Since non-standard PoE is not subject to standard constraints, PDs in non-standard PoE are not required to automatically adapt to Mode A, Mode B, or 4-pair power. However, for certain non-standard PDs, a matching non-standard PSE (PASSIVE PSE) must be used. For example, a Mode A PD must be connected to a Mode A PSE, a Mode B PD must be connected to a Mode B PSE, and a 4-pair powered PD must be connected to a 4-pair powered PSE. Furthermore, compared to standard PoE, non-standard PoE does not involve detection, classification, or marking; it directly enforces power supply. Common supply voltages are 48-52.8V or 24-26.4V, and common receiving voltages are 43.2-52.8V or 21.6-26.4V. The first power module 13 is configured to provide a first voltage to the power supply device 10. The first power conversion module 14 receives the first voltage provided by the first power module 13 and is configured to convert the first voltage into a second voltage. Generally, the first voltage is greater than the second voltage. In this case, the first power conversion module 14 is a step-down module. As an example and not a limitation, the first voltage may range from 48 volts (V) to 52.8 volts (V), or from 44 volts (V) to 57 volts (V), which is not limited here.The first voltage only needs to cover both the voltage requirements of standard PoE and the higher voltages of non-standard PoE. By way of example, and not limitation, the second voltage can range from 21.6V to 26.4V. Alternatively, the second voltage can be 18V or 36V. This is not a limitation here. It only needs to meet the lower voltage requirements of non-standard PoE. For example, the first voltage is 48V, and the first power conversion module 14 (a step-down module) converts 48V to 24V (the second voltage). Specifically, if the first voltage is lower than the second voltage, and the first power conversion module 14 is a step-up module, by way of example, and not limitation, the first voltage can range from 21.6V to 26.4V. Alternatively, the first voltage can be 18V or 36V. This is not a limitation here. It only needs to meet the lower voltage requirements of non-standard PoE. By way of example, and not limitation, the second voltage can range from 48V to 52.8V, or from 44V to 57V. This is not a limitation here, as long as the second voltage can cover both the voltage requirements of standard PoE and the higher voltage requirements of non-standard PoE. For example, the first voltage is 24V, which is converted to 48V (the second voltage) by the first power conversion module 14 (boost module). The power selection module 15 receives the first control signal or the second control signal sent by the control module 11. The power selection module 15 is configured to: upon receiving the first control signal, control the output of the first voltage; upon receiving the second control signal, control the output of the second voltage; wherein the voltage level of the first control signal is greater than the voltage level of the second control signal. For example, the first control signal is a high level, and the second control signal is a low level. The voltage output terminal 16 is configured to: provide the first voltage or the second voltage to the powered device using the target power supply mode. The first voltage or the second voltage is sequentially transmitted through the power selection module 15, the management module 12, the voltage output terminal 16, and the wire pair corresponding to the target power supply mode before being transmitted to the powered device. Therefore, the Ethernet-based power supply provided in the embodiment of the present application is a power supply device that can support both standard PoE and non-standard PoE.This means it can support various standards-based powered devices (PDs), such as 802.3af7at / bt, as well as non-standard PDs, such as 2pair-low, 2pair-high, or 4pair-high, 4pair-low. For non-standard PoE, the power supply can be configured for high or low voltage, 2-pair power delivery, or 4-pair power delivery. For 2-pair power delivery, it can also be configured for Mode A or Mode B. In some embodiments, FIG4 is a circuit schematic diagram of a power selection module provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG4 , the power selection module 15 includes a signal input terminal 151, a first N-type MOS transistor Q1, a first P-type MOS transistor Q2, a second N-type MOS transistor Q3, a second P-type MOS transistor Q4, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, an inverter 152, a diode D1, a first power input terminal Vin1, a second power input terminal Vin2, and a power output terminal Vout. Inverter 152, also known as a NOT gate, is a logic gate that implements logical NOT in digital logic. It is used to invert the level of the input signal. For example, when the input voltage is high, the output voltage is low; when the input voltage is low, the output voltage is high. The signal input terminal 151 is connected to the control module 11 and is used to receive the first control signal or the second control signal output by the control module 11. The first power input terminal Vin1 is connected to the first power module 13 and is used to receive the first voltage output by the first power module 13. The second power input terminal Vin2 is connected to the first power conversion module 14 and is used to receive the second voltage output by the first power conversion module 14. The power output terminal Vbut is connected to the management module 12 and is used to output the first voltage or the second voltage to the management module 12. The signal input terminal 151 is respectively connected to the gate G of the first N-type MOS transistor Q1 and the input terminal of the inverter 152. The output terminal of the inverter 152 is connected to the gate G of the second N-type MOS transistor Q3. The drain D of the first N-type MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the first end of the first resistor R1. The second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the gate G of the first P-type MOS transistor Q2.The source electrode S of the first N-type MOS transistor Q1 is connected to ground GND. The source electrode S of the first P-type MOS transistor Q2 is connected to the first power input terminal Vin1 and the first end of the second resistor R2, respectively. The second end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the gate electrode G of the first P-type MOS transistor Q2. The drain electrode D of the first P-type MOS transistor Q2 is connected to the power output terminal Vbut. The drain electrode D of the second N-type MOS transistor Q3 is connected to the first end of the third resistor R3, the second end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the gate electrode G of the second P-type MOS transistor Q4, and the source electrode S of the second N-type MOS transistor Q3 is connected to ground GND. The source electrode S of the second P-type MOS transistor Q4 is connected to the second power input terminal Vin2 and the first end of the fourth resistor R4, respectively. The second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the gate electrode G of the second P-type MOS transistor Q4. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4 , when the first voltage is higher than the second voltage, the drain electrode D of the second P-type MOS transistor Q4 is connected to the anode electrode of the diode D1, and the cathode electrode of the diode D1 is connected to the power output terminal Vbut. When the signal input terminal 151 receives the first control signal, the first N-type MOS transistor Q1 and the first P-type MOS transistor Q2 are both turned on. The first voltage passes through the first power input terminal Vin1 and the first P-type MOS transistor Q2 in sequence and is output to the power output terminal Vout. The first control signal passes through the inverter 152 to generate a level-inverted first electrical signal, which turns off the second N-type MOS transistor Q3 and the second P-type MOS transistor Q4, thereby disconnecting the circuit between the second power input terminal Vin2 and the power output terminal Vout. For example, assuming the first voltage is 48V, when the first control signal is at a high level, such as 3.3V, the Vgs of Q1 is 3.3V. If Q1 is selected appropriately, 3.3V will be greater than the Vgs turn-on threshold of Q1, so Q1 is turned on and connected to ground, and the drain D of Q1 is at 0V. At this time, the source S of Q2 receives a voltage of 48V, and the voltage at the gate G of Q2 is set between 0V and 48V by the voltage divider R2 and R1. By appropriately selecting R1, R2, and Q2, the Vgs of Q2 is lower than the Vgs turn-on threshold voltage of Q2, thereby turning on Q2. The drain D of Q2 outputs a voltage of 48V to the power output terminal Vouto. The first control signal passes through the inverter 152 to generate a first electrical signal with a flipped level. This first electrical signal is at a low level, turning off both the second N-type MOS transistor Q3 and the second P-type MOS transistor Q4.This disconnects the circuit between the second power input terminal Vin2 and the power output terminal Vout. When the signal input terminal 151 receives the second control signal, both the first N-type MOS transistor Q1 and the first P-type MOS transistor Q2 are turned off, disconnecting the circuit between the first power input terminal Vin1 and the power output terminal Vout. The second control signal passes through the inverter 152, generating a second electrical signal with a flipped level, turning on the second N-type MOS transistor Q3 and the second P-type MOS transistor Q4. The second voltage then passes through the second power input terminal Vin2, the second P-type MOS transistor Q4, and the diode D1, and is output to the power output terminal Vout. For example, assuming the first voltage is 48V and the second voltage is 24V, when the second control signal is at a low level, such as 0V, the Vgs of Q1 equals 0V. 0V is less than the Vgs turn-on threshold of Q1, so Q1 is turned off. At this point, Q2's gate voltage is 48V, and Vgs = 0V, which is greater than the negative turn-on threshold voltage of Q2's Vgs. Consequently, Q2 is turned off, disconnecting the circuit between the first power input terminal Vin1 and the power output terminal Vout. Q2's drain D does not output 48V. Because Q2 has an internal body diode with its source S as the negative terminal and its drain D as the positive terminal, current backflow into Q2 is prevented. The second control signal, passing through inverter 152, generates a second, level-inverted electrical signal. This second electrical signal is a high level, such as 3.3V. Q3's Vgs = 3.3V. If Q3 is properly selected, 3.3V will be greater than Q3's Vgs turn-on threshold voltage, turning Q3 on and grounded, with its drain D at 0V. At this time, the input voltage to Q4's source S is 24V, and the voltage at Q4's gate G is set between 0V and 24V by the voltage divider R3 and R4. By appropriately selecting R4, R3, and Q4, Q4's Vgs is lower than Q4's Vgs turn-on threshold voltage, thereby turning on Q4. Q4's drain D outputs a 24V voltage to diode D1, which then passes through diode D1 and is output to the power output terminal Vouto. It should be noted that because the second P-type MOS transistor Q4 has a body diode with Q4's source S as the negative electrode and Q4's drain D as the positive electrode, a diode D1 is required between Q4's drain D and Q2's drain D to prevent current backflow. Without diode D1, when Q2's drain D outputs 48V, current backflows into Q4, thereby burning Q4. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG5 ,Figure 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power selection module according to another embodiment of the present application. When the first voltage is lower than the second voltage, the drain D of the second P-type MOS transistor Q4 is connected to the cathode of the diode D1, and the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the power output terminal Vout. In some embodiments, when the current at the second voltage is low, a conventional low-forward-voltage-drop diode can be used in place of the diode D1. When the current at the second voltage is high, an ideal diode circuit is used in place of the diode D1 to reduce power loss caused by the conventional diode. The ideal diode circuit includes an ideal diode controller and an N-type MOS transistor. In some embodiments, FIG6 is a functional block diagram of a management module provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG6 , the management module 12 includes: a main processing unit 121, a serial interface 122, a detection and classification unit 123, an analog-to-digital converter 124, multiple MOS transistors 125, a power input pin VMATN, negative terminals 126 of multiple power line pairs, and a register 1270. The serial interface 122 is respectively connected to the powered device, the detection and classification unit 123, and the analog-to-digital converter 124. By way of example and not limitation, the serial interface 122 may be an interface supporting an integrated circuit bus (TTC) or a serial peripheral interface (SP1), which is not limited herein. In some embodiments, the detection and classification unit 123 includes: a detection subunit 1231 and a classification subunit 1232. The detection subunit 1231 is configured such that: when the device type indicates a non-standard powered device, the detection subunit 1231 does not operate; when the device type indicates a standard powered device, the detection subunit 1231 performs detection processing according to a preset standard. It should be noted that the preset standard indicates a signaling standard provided by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The classification subunit 1232 is configured such that: when the device type indicates a non-standard powered device, the classification subunit 1232 does not operate; when the device type indicates a standard powered device, the classification subunit 1232 performs power classification processing and controls the power supply based on the preset standard and operating power. For example, the classification subunit 1232 provides a detection voltage to the powered device to detect the power level of the powered device.The powered device indicates its maximum power requirement (i.e., operating power) to the power supply device by absorbing different constant currents (power grading characteristic signals) from the line. The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 124 is an electronic component that converts analog signals into digital signals, typically converting an input voltage signal into an output digital signal. Therefore, the ADC 124 is configured to detect the voltage, current, and temperature of each port and transmit the voltage, current, and temperature of each port to a register 127. The register 127 transmits the voltage, current, and temperature of each port to the control module 110 via a serial interface. By way of example and not limitation, the main processing unit 121 can be a microcontroller unit (MCU), a central processing unit (CPU), or other similar processors with computing capabilities, without limitation herein. The main processing unit 121 is configured to: based on the instructions of the control module 11 and the protection thresholds of relevant parameters, set or obtain the contents of relevant registers, and control and query the power supply behavior of each port / each power line pair. The protection thresholds of the relevant parameters include, but are not limited to, the protection voltage range, the protection current range, and the protection temperature range. The contents of the relevant registers include, but are not limited to, the voltage, current, and temperature of each port. It should be noted that among the multiple MOS transistors 125, each MOS transistor 125 corresponds to the negative electrode 1260 of a power line pair, and controls the conduction or cutoff of each MOS transistor 125 to enable or disable power to each port / each power line pair. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG6,The management module 12 also includes an interrupt (INTERUPT) unit 128, a clock (CLOCK) unit 129, a low dropout linear regulator (LDO) 1210, a power-on reset (POR) unit 1211, a port voltage protection (Port Vbltage Protection) unit 1212, a port current protection (Port Current Protection) unit 1213, a short circuit protection (Short Protection) unit 1214, a temperature protection (Thermal Protection) unit 1215, and a MOS transistor driver (MOS Driver) unit 1216. The management module 12 also includes an interrupt output pin nlNT, an address input pin ADDR, and a reset input pin nRSTo. In some embodiments, the voltage output terminal 16 includes a network transformer 161 and a network interface 162. The network transformer 161 is connected to the power input pin VMAIN and the negative pole 126 of each power line pair, respectively. The management module 12 is connected to the power selection module 15, and the network interface 162 is connected to the network transformer 161 and the powered device, respectively. It should be noted that the network transformer 161 is a network transformer used in Power over Ethernet (POE) scenarios, which increases signal driving capability, isolates, and injects POE voltages (first and second voltages). By way of example and not limitation, the network interface 162 can be an RJ45 interface, or other similar interfaces, which are not limited here. The management module 12 is configured to control the switching of the negative pole 126 of each power line pair based on the device type, operating power, and target power supply mode. The power input pin VMAIN is short-circuited with the positive electrodes of each port / each power line pair. The power input pin VMAIN is connected to the power output terminal Vout in the power selection module 15 to receive a first voltage and a second voltage. Thus, the first voltage or the second voltage output by the power selection module 15 is sequentially transmitted through the power input pin VMATN, the negative electrodes 126 of the multiple power line pairs, the network transformer 161, and the network interface 162, and then output to the powered device. In some embodiments, the power supply device 10 further includes a second power module 17. The second power module 17 is configured to provide a third voltage to a target circuit that does not include the management module 12, the device controller, and the power selection module 15.oBy way of example, and not limitation, the third voltage may range from 11.4 volts (V) to 12.6 volts (V). Alternatively, the third voltage may be another voltage, such as 5V or 9V, as long as it falls within the input range of the low-voltage DC power supply on the circuit board. Specifically, the third voltage may need to be converted to a lower voltage. For example, if the third voltage is 12V, in different application scenarios, it may be necessary to further convert 12V to a lower voltage, such as 5V, 3.3V, 2.5V, 1.8V, 1.2V, 0.95V, 0.9V, or 0.6V. In some embodiments, the power supply device 10 further includes an isolator 18. The isolator 18 is configured to isolate the target circuit powered by the second power module 17 from the circuit powered by the first power module 13. It should be noted that the isolator 18 is generally based on an optocoupler or capacitor isolation barrier. In some embodiments, the power supply device 10 further includes a second power conversion module 19. The second power conversion module 19 is configured to convert the first voltage into a fourth voltage and provide the fourth voltage to the isolator 18, the management module 12, the device controller, and the inverter 152 in the power selection module 15. By way of example and not limitation, the fourth voltage can be 3.3V, 1.8V, or 5V. The specific fourth voltage can be set based on the actual circuit and is not limited here. For example, the second power conversion module 19 is a 48V to 3.3V power supply module, which converts 48V into 3.3V and provides the 3.3V to the isolator 18, the management module 12, the device controller, and the inverter 152 in the power selection module 15 for use. In some embodiments, the power supply device 10 further includes a port physical layer (PHY) integrated circuit 110. The port physical layer (PHY) integrated circuit 110 is connected to the switching computing unit and the network transformer 161, respectively. The integrated circuit 110 of the port physical layer is used to convert Multiple Access Channel (MAC) signals into Ethernet electrical ports, such as twisted-pair Ethernet (10BASE-T), two-pair twisted-pair with a transmission rate of 100 megabits per second (Mbit / s) (100BASE-TX), and four-pair twisted-pair with a transmission rate of 5000 megabits per second (Gbit / s) (5GBASE-T).For example, the interface between the port physical layer integrated circuit 110 and the switching and computing unit is generally: Serial Gigabit Media Independent Interface (SGMII), Quad Serial Gigabit Media Independent Interface (QSGMII), Universal Serial 10G Media Independent Interface (USXGMII), Serial Management Interface (SMI). For example, the interface between the port physical layer integrated circuit 110 and the network transformer 161 is: Medium Dependent Interface (MDI). In some embodiments, FIG7 is a functional block diagram of controlling a power selection module through a device controller according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG7, the control module 11 includes: a switching and computing unit 111 and a device controller 112. It should be noted that the switching and computing unit 111 has the function of switching Multiple Access Channel (MAC) signals and the computing function of a central processing unit (CPU). By way of example, and not limitation, the switching and computing unit 111 may be an integrated circuit that integrates MAC signal exchange functions and CPU functions, or may include an integrated circuit with MAC signal exchange functions and an integrated circuit with CPU functions. The switching and computing unit 111 is connected to the isolator 18, which is connected to the device controller 112. By way of example, and not limitation, the interfaces between the switching and computing unit 111 and the isolator 18 include, but are not limited to, an Inter-Integrated Circuit (IIC) interface and a Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) interface. The interfaces between the isolator 18 and the device controller 112 include, but are not limited to, an IIC interface and a UART interface. The device controller 112 is connected to the power selection module 15 and the management module 12, respectively.By way of example and not limitation, the interface between the device controller 112 and the management module 12 includes, but is not limited to, an Inter-Integrated Circuit (IIC) bus interface and a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). The switching calculation unit 111 is configured to determine the device type, operating power, and target power supply mode, output a first control signal or a second control signal, transmit the device type, operating power, target power supply mode, protection voltage range, protection current range, and protection temperature range to the device controller 112, and obtain, via the device controller 112, the voltage, current, power consumption, temperature, short-circuit status, and detection classification results of each port from the management module 12. The device controller 112 is configured to forward the first control signal or the second control signal from the switching computing unit 111 to the power selection module 15, forward relevant instructions from the switching computing unit 111 to the management module 12, and forward the instructions from the management module 12 to the switching computing unit HE. Instructions from the switching computing unit 111 include, but are not limited to, device type, operating power, target power supply mode, protection voltage range, protection current range, and protection temperature range. Instructions from the management module 12 include, but are not limited to, the voltage, current, power consumption, temperature, short-circuit status, and detection classification results of each port. By way of example and not limitation, the isolator 18, device controller 112, power selection module 15, management module 12, and second power conversion module 19 can be configured as a daughterboard or on a mainboard, without limitation. As shown in FIG7 , a daughterboard is configured. In some embodiments, FIG8 is a functional block diagram of a switching computing unit controlling a power selection module according to an embodiment of the present application. Based on FIG7 , as shown in FIG8 , the control module 11 includes a switching calculation unit 111 and a device controller 112. The switching calculation unit 111 is connected to an isolator 18, which is connected to the power selection module 15. The switching calculation unit 111 is connected to another isolator 18, which is connected to the device controller 112, which is connected to the management module 12.The switching calculation unit 111 is configured to determine the device type, operating power, and target power supply mode, output a first control signal or a second control signal, send the first control signal or the second control signal to the power selection module 15, transmit the device type, operating power, target power supply mode, protection voltage range, protection current range, and protection temperature range to the device controller 112, and obtain the voltage, current, power consumption, temperature, short circuit status, and detection classification result of each port from the management module 12 via the device controller 112. The device controller 112 is configured to forward relevant instructions from the switching calculation unit 111 to the management module 12, and forward the instructions from the management module 12 to the switching calculation unit 111. By way of example and not limitation, the isolator 18 connected to the power selection module 15 has interfaces with the switching calculation unit 111 including, but not limited to, multiple general purpose interfaces (GPTs) and three GPI serial interfaces. An isolator using three GPI serial interfaces requires the addition of a 74595 logic chip for serial-to-parallel conversion. In some embodiments, FIG9 is a functional block diagram of a switching computing unit controlling a power selection module and a connection management module according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG9 , compared to FIG7 and FIG8 , the device controller 112 is removed and replaced by a switching computing unit 111. Therefore, the control module 11 includes a switching computing unit 111. The switching computing unit 111 is connected to an isolator 18, which is connected to the power selection module 15. The switching computing unit 111 is connected to another isolator 18, which is connected to the management module 12. By way of example and not limitation, the interfaces between the isolator 18 connected to the management module 12 and the switching computing unit 111 include, but are not limited to, an Inter-Integrated Circuit (IIC) bus interface and a Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) interface.The switching calculation unit 111 is configured to determine the device type, operating power, and target power mode, output a first control signal or a second control signal, send the first control signal or the second control signal to the power selection module 15, transmit the device type, operating power, target power mode, protection voltage range, protection current range, and protection temperature range to the management module 12, and obtain the voltage, current, power consumption, temperature, short-circuit status, and detection classification result of each port from the management module 12. At least one advantageous aspect of the Ethernet-based power supply device provided in this embodiment of the present application is that the control module determines the device type, operating power, and target power mode of the powered device and outputs the first control signal or the second control signal, and the management module manages the power supply and power of each port. The power selection module controls the output of the first voltage or the second voltage, and the first voltage or the second voltage is then provided to the powered device via the voltage output terminal. This enables the same power supply device to simultaneously power both standard and non-standard powered devices. Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Within the spirit of the present application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and many other variations exist in the different aspects of the present application as described above. For the sake of clarity, these variations are not provided in detail. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may be modified or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

Claims 1. An Ethernet-based power supply device, characterized in that: The power supply device includes: a control module, configured to determine a device type, operating power, and target power supply mode of a powered device, output a first control signal or a second control signal, and transmit the device type, operating power, target power supply mode, protection voltage range, protection current range, and protection temperature range to a management module; wherein the device type indicates a standard powered device or a non-standard powered device; a management module, configured to manage the power supply and power supply of each port according to instructions from the control module, and transmit the voltage, current, power consumption, temperature, short-circuit status, and detection classification result of each port to the control module; a first power module, configured to provide a first voltage to the power supply device; a first power conversion module, configured to convert the first voltage to a second voltage; and a power selection module, configured to, upon receiving the first control signal, control the output of the first voltage, and upon receiving the second control signal, Controlling the second voltage to be output; wherein the voltage level of the first control signal is greater than the voltage level of the second control signal; the voltage output end, the voltage output end is configured to: provide the first voltage or the second voltage to the powered device through the target power supply mode.

2. The power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power selection module includes: a signal input terminal, a first N-type MOS transistor, a first P-type MOS transistor, a second N-type MOS transistor, a second P-type MOS transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, an inverter, a diode, a first power input terminal, a second power input terminal, and a power output terminal; the signal input terminal is connected to the control module, the first power input terminal is connected to the first power module, and the second power input terminal is connected to the first power conversion module; the signal input terminal is respectively connected to the gate of the first N-type MOS transistor and the input terminal of the inverter, and the output terminal of the inverter is connected to the gate of the second N-type MOS transistor; The drain of the first N-type MOS transistor is connected to the first end of the first resistor, the second end of the first resistor is connected to the gate of the first P-type MOS transistor, and the source of the first N-type MOS transistor is connected to ground; the source of the first P-type MOS transistor is respectively connected to the first power input terminal and the first end of the second resistor, the second end of the second resistor is connected to the gate of the first P-type MOS transistor, and the drain of the first P-type MOS transistor is connected to the power output terminal; the drain of the second N-type MOS transistor is connected to the first end of the third resistor, the second end of the third resistor is connected to the gate of the second P-type MOS transistor, and the source of the second N-type MOS transistor is connected to ground; the source of the second P-type MOS transistor is respectively connected to the second power input terminal and the first end of the fourth resistor, and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the gate of the second P-type MOS transistor; when the first voltage is higher than the second voltage, the drain of the second P-type MOS transistor is connected to the anode of the diode, and the cathode of the diode is connected to the power output terminal; when the first voltage is lower than the second voltage, the drain of the second P-type MOS transistor is connected to the cathode of the diode. The anode of the diode is connected to the power output terminal. When the signal input terminal receives the first control signal, the first N-type MOS transistor and the first P-type MOS transistor are both turned on, and the first voltage is sequentially transmitted through the first power input terminal and the first P-type MOS transistor to be output to the power output terminal. The first control signal passes through the inverter to generate a first electrical signal with a level flip, thereby turning off the second N-type MOS transistor and the second P-type MOS transistor, thereby disconnecting the circuit between the second power input terminal and the power output terminal. When the signal input terminal receives the second control signal, the first N-type MOS transistor and the first P-type MOS transistor are both turned off, thereby disconnecting the circuit between the first power input terminal and the power output terminal. The second control signal passes through the inverter to generate a second electrical signal with a level flip, thereby turning on the second N-type MOS transistor and the second P-type MOS transistor, thereby disconnecting the circuit between the first power input terminal and the power output terminal. The second control signal passes through the inverter to generate a second electrical signal with a level flip, thereby turning on the second N-type MOS transistor and the second P-type MOS transistor, thereby connecting the second voltage to the power output terminal. The second P-type MOS transistor and the diode are sequentially transmitted to the second power input terminal, the second P-type MOS transistor, and the diode, thereby output to the power output terminal.

3. The power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The management module includes: a power input pin and the negative poles of multiple power line pairs; the voltage output end includes: a network transformer and a network interface; the network transformer is respectively connected to the power input pin and the negative pole of each power line pair, the management module is connected to the power selection module, and the network interface is respectively connected to the network transformer and the powered device; the management module is configured to: based on the device type, the operating power and the target power supply mode, perform switching control on the negative pole of each power line pair; the power input pin is short-circuited with the positive pole of each port / the positive pole of each power line pair; the first voltage or the second voltage output by the power selection module is output to the powered device through the power input pin, the negative poles of the multiple power line pairs, the network transformer and the network interface in sequence.

4. The power supply device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The management module further includes: a main processing unit, a serial interface, a detection and grading unit, an analog-to-digital converter, and multiple MOS transistors; the serial interface is connected to the powered device, the detection and grading unit, and the analog-to-digital converter, respectively; the detection and grading unit includes: a detection subunit and a grading subunit; wherein the detection subunit is configured to: when the device type indicates a non-standard powered device, the detection subunit is inoperative; when the device type indicates a standard powered device, the detection subunit performs detection processing according to a preset standard; the grading subunit is configured to: when the device type indicates a non-standard powered device, the grading subunit is inoperative; when the device type indicates a standard powered device, the grading subunit performs power grading processing and controls the power supply based on the preset standard and the operating power; the analog-to-digital converter is configured to: detect the voltage, current, and temperature of each port and transmit the voltage, current, and temperature of each port to a register, and the register transmits the voltage, current, and temperature of each port to the control module via the serial interface; the main processing unit is configured to: Protection based on the instructions and related parameters of the control module threshold, setting or obtaining relevant register contents, and controlling and querying the power supply behavior of each port / each power line pair; each MOS transistor in the plurality of MOS transistors corresponds to the negative electrode of a power line pair, and each MOS transistor is controlled to be turned on or off to enable or disable power supply to each port / each power line pair.

5. The power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module includes: a switching calculation unit and a device controller; the switching calculation unit is configured to: determine the device type, the operating power and the target power supply mode, output the first control signal or the second control signal, transmit the device type, the operating power, the target power supply mode, the protection voltage range, the protection current range, and the protection temperature range to the device controller, and obtain the voltage, current, power consumption, temperature, short circuit status and detection classification results of each port from the management module through the device controller; the device controller is configured to: forward the first control signal or the second control signal of the switching calculation unit to the power selection module, forward the relevant instructions of the switching calculation unit to the management module, and forward the instruction response of the management module to the switching calculation unit.

6. The power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module includes: a switching calculation unit and a device controller; the switching calculation unit is configured to: determine the device type, the operating power, and the target power supply mode, output the first control signal or the second control signal, send the first control signal or the second control signal to the power selection module, transmit the device type, the operating power, the target power supply mode, the protection voltage range, the protection current range, and the protection temperature range to the device controller, and obtain the voltage, current, power consumption, temperature, short-circuit status, and detection classification result of each port from the management module through the device controller; the device controller is configured to: forward relevant instructions of the switching calculation unit to the management module, and forward the instruction response of the management module to the switching calculation unit.

7. The power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module includes: a switching calculation unit; 22 The switching calculation unit is configured to: determine the device type, the operating power, and the target power supply mode, output the first control signal or the second control signal, send the first control signal or the second control signal to the power selection module, transmit the device type, the operating power, the target power supply mode, the protection voltage range, the protection current range, and the protection temperature range to the management module, and obtain the voltage, current, power consumption, temperature, short circuit status, and detection classification result of each port from the management module.

8. The power supply device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The power supply device further includes: a second power module; the second power module is configured to provide a third voltage for a target circuit, and the target circuit does not include the management module, the device controller, and the power selection module.

9. The power supply device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The power supply device further includes: an isolator; the isolator is configured to isolate the target circuit powered by the second power module from the circuit powered by the first power module.

10. The power supply device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The power supply device further includes: a second power conversion module; the second power conversion module is configured to: convert the first voltage into a fourth voltage, and provide the fourth voltage to the isolator, the management module, the device controller, and the inverter in the power selection module. 23

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