Communication method and apparatus

Abstract

The embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of communications. Provided are a communication method and apparatus. The method comprises: a first network element receiving first information from a sensing network element, wherein the first information comprises first trajectory information of a first target; on the basis of the first information and a first model, the first network element determining a first result, wherein the first result comprises the category of the first target, and the first model is obtained by means of training or inference based on sensing information of a sensing target; and the first network element sending the first result to the sensing network element. In the present application, by referring to first trajectory information of a first target from a sensing network element and a first mode obtained by means of training or inference based on sensing information of a sensing target, a first network element determines the type of the first target, and on this basis, the first network element can determine the type of the first target, so as to improve the target recognition efficiency, thereby facilitating better execution of sensing-related tasks.

Description

Communication method and device

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China on March 30, 2024, with application number 202410396172.9 and application name "A Communication Method and Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method and apparatus. Background Art

[0004] With the rapid development of communications, smart transportation, smart low-altitude technology, smart homes, smart cities, and smart factories are rapidly advancing, making people's lives increasingly convenient. However, in some application scenarios, some difficult problems still exist. To ensure the safety of production and life, real-time detection and identification of low-altitude flying objects is necessary to determine whether they pose a safety hazard.

[0005] Therefore, how to improve the recognition accuracy of perceived targets has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application provides a communication method and device to improve the recognition accuracy of perceived targets.

[0007] In the first aspect, the present application provides a communication method, which can be executed by a first network element, and the first network element is used to perform calculations and processing on data, such as statistics, analysis, artificial intelligence (AI) calculations, etc. The first network element can be a network data analysis function (network data analytics function, NWDAF), or a data storage function (analytics data repository function, ADRF), an information governance function (messaging framework adaptor function, MFAF), a data collection function (data collection coordination function, DCCF), a perception storage network element, a digital twin management function network element (data twin management function, DTMF), and a digital twin function network element (data twin function, DTF). This is only an example and does not limit the first network element. Execution is as follows:

[0008] The first network element receives first information from a perception network element, where the first information includes first trajectory information of a first target; the first network element determines a first result based on the first information and a first model, where the first result includes a category of the first target, and the first model is obtained by training or inference based on the perception information of the perception target; the first network element sends the first result to the perception network element.

[0009] In the present application, the first network element determines the type of the first target by referring to the first trajectory information of the first target from the perception network element and the first model obtained by training or reasoning based on the perception information of the perception target. Based on this, the first network element can determine the type of the first target. Because the first model is obtained by training or reasoning based on the perception information of the perception target, the accuracy of identifying the type of the perception target can be improved based on the model, and the efficiency of target recognition can be improved, which is conducive to better execution of perception-related tasks.

[0010] In an optional manner, the first model can be obtained as follows: the first network element obtains perception information of one or more perception targets, the perception information including trajectory information of the perception targets and the category of the perception targets; the first network element performs data analysis on the perception information to determine second information, the second information is used to represent the characteristics of the trajectory information of the perception target, or the second information is used to represent an association relationship, the association relationship indicates the association between the trajectory information of the perception target and the category of the perception target; the model parameters of the first model are adjusted according to the perception information and the second information to obtain the first model.

[0011] This application determines a first model by performing data analysis on the perception information of one or more perception targets, determining second information, and adjusting the model parameters of the first model based on the perception information and the second information. After the first network element obtains the perception information of a new perception target, it can perform data analysis using the first model to determine the category of the new perception target. Applications based on the first model can improve data processing efficiency.

[0012] In an optional manner, the first network element inputs the first information into the first model to obtain a first result.

[0013] In the present application, the first network element inputs the first information into the first model to improve data processing efficiency.

[0014] In an optional manner, the first network element may receive a first message from the second network element, where the first message includes perception information of one or more perception targets.

[0015] It should be noted that when the first network element is a perception storage network element and the perception storage network element is not coupled with the NWDAF, the perception information of one or more perception targets can be obtained through the NWDAF.

[0016] In an optional manner, the perception information further includes: an identifier associated with the perception target.

[0017] The sensing storage network element may include: a sensing data storage network element, data collection and preprocessing (DCP), a data service function (DSF), etc. The identification associated with the sensing target may include a terminal identification associated with the sensing target.

[0018] In an optional manner, the first network element receives the first information from the perception network element through the second network element; and the first network element sends the first result to the perception network element through the second network element.

[0019] In an optional manner, the first information further includes: a first category, and the first category is used to determine whether the first target belongs to the first category.

[0020] In an optional manner, the first network element sends the first result through a perception session.

[0021] In an optional manner, the first information further includes: first environmental information, the first environmental information is associated with the perception information of the first target; the first result further includes: environmental context information of the first target.

[0022] In an optional manner, the one or more sensing targets are sensing targets associated with the first terminal, and the first terminal is a terminal that has passed authentication and authorization.

[0023] In an optional manner, the first network element also sends a second message to the third network element, where the second message is used to subscribe to the identifier of the first terminal and the perception information of the perception target associated with the first terminal; the first network element receives a third message from the third network element, where the third message includes: the identifier of the first terminal and the perception information of the perception target associated with the first terminal.

[0024] In an optional manner, the first information is carried by the analysis request, and the first result is carried by the analysis request response.

[0025] In an optional manner, the first message is carried by a perception information storage request.

[0026] In an optional manner, the second message is carried by the perception query request, and the third message is carried by the perception query response.

[0027] In a second aspect, the present application provides a communication method that can be performed by a perception network element. The perception network element is mainly used to process the perception data uploaded by the access network device, such as clustering, tracking filtering, trajectory tracking, target recognition, and environment reconstruction. The perception network element can be a perception function (SF). The execution is as follows:

[0028] The perception network element obtains first information, the first information including: first trajectory information of the first target; the perception network element sends the first information to the first network element; the perception network element receives a first result from the first network element, the first result including the category of the first target, the first result is determined based on the first information and a first model, and the first model is obtained by training or inference based on information of the perception target.

[0029] In an optional manner, the perception network element receives a perception service request, where the perception service request includes a first target; the perception network element executes the perception service to obtain first information.

[0030] In an optional manner, the first information includes a first category, and the first category is used to determine whether the first target belongs to the first category.

[0031] In an optional manner, the perception network element further determines an identifier associated with the first target according to the first trajectory information, for example, a terminal identifier, a user equipment (UE) identity document (ID).

[0032] In an optional manner, the perception network element also sends a fourth message, the fourth message includes an identifier associated with the first target, and the fourth message is used to request context information of the identifier associated with the first target; the perception network element receives a fifth message, the fifth message includes context information of the identifier associated with the first target; the perception network element determines whether the first target is signed or whether the first target is authenticated based on the fifth message.

[0033] In an optional manner, the perception network element further obtains second trajectory information of the first target, where the second trajectory information is preset trajectory information of the first target; and the perception network element determines whether the first trajectory information deviates according to the second trajectory information.

[0034] In an optional manner, the perception network element sends a sixth message to the third network element, where the sixth message is used to subscribe to the second trajectory information of the first target; the perception network element receives a seventh message from the third network element, where the seventh message includes the second trajectory information of the first target.

[0035] In an optional manner, the perception network element further sends the perception result of the first target.

[0036] In an optional manner, the perception result of the first target includes: the category of the first target.

[0037] In an optional manner, the perception result of the first target further includes one or more of the following:

[0038] Whether the first target has signed a contract, whether the first target has been authenticated, or whether the first trajectory information has deviated.

[0039] Deviation can also be understood as illegal flying, for example, not flying according to the pre-planned / planned / set trajectory.

[0040] In an optional manner, the first information is carried by the analysis request, and the first result is carried by the analysis request response.

[0041] In a third aspect, the present application provides a communication method, which can be performed by a third network element. The third network element can store context information of a sensing target, such as a network exposure function (NEF), and perform the following:

[0042] The third network element receives perception information of the first target from the perception network element, where the perception information of the first target includes: the category of the first target and the identifier of the terminal associated with the first target; the third network element determines the perception result of the first target based on the perception information of the first target.

[0043] In an optional manner, the perception result of the first target further includes one or more of the following:

[0044] Whether the first target has signed a contract, whether the first target has been authenticated, or whether the first trajectory information of the first target has deviated.

[0045] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which may be the above-mentioned first network element or a chip disposed inside the first network element, or the above-mentioned perception network element or a chip disposed inside the perception network element, or the third network element or a chip disposed inside the third network element. The communication device has the function of implementing any one of the above-mentioned first to third aspects. For example, the communication device includes a module or unit or means corresponding to the steps involved in any one of the above-mentioned first to third aspects. The function or unit or means may be implemented by software, or by hardware, or may be implemented by hardware executing the corresponding software.

[0046] In one possible design, the communication device includes a processing unit and a transceiver unit, wherein the transceiver unit can be used to send and receive signals to achieve communication between the communication device and other devices; the processing unit can be used to perform some internal operations of the communication device. The transceiver unit can be called an input / output unit, a communication unit, etc., and the transceiver unit can be a transceiver; the processing unit can be a processor. When the communication device is a module (such as a chip) in a communication device, the transceiver unit can be an input / output interface, an input / output circuit, or an input / output pin, etc., and can also be called an interface, a communication interface, or an interface circuit, etc.; the processing unit can be a processor, a processing circuit, or a logic circuit, etc.

[0047] In another possible design, the communication device includes a processor and may also include a transceiver, the transceiver is used to send and receive signals, and the processor executes program instructions to complete the method in any possible design or implementation of the first to third aspects above. The communication device may also include one or more memories, the memory is used to couple with the processor, and the memory can store the necessary computer programs or instructions for implementing the functions involved in any of the first to third aspects above. The processor can execute the computer program or instructions stored in the memory, and when the computer program or instructions are executed, the communication device implements the method in any possible design or implementation of the first to third aspects above.

[0048] In another possible design, the communication device includes a processor, which can be coupled to a memory. The memory can store the necessary computer programs or instructions for implementing the functions of any of the first to third aspects described above. The processor can execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory. When the computer programs or instructions are executed, the communication device implements the method of any possible design or implementation of the first to third aspects described above.

[0049] In another possible design, the communication device includes a processor and an interface circuit, wherein the processor is used to communicate with other devices through the interface circuit and execute the method in any possible design or implementation of the first to third aspects above.

[0050] It can be understood that in the fourth aspect above, the processor can be implemented by hardware or by software. When implemented by hardware, the processor can be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, etc.; when implemented by software, the processor can be a general-purpose processor, which is implemented by reading the software code stored in the memory. In addition, the above processors can be one or more, and the memories can be one or more. The memory can be integrated with the processor, or the memory and the processor can be set separately. In the specific implementation process, the memory can be integrated with the processor on the same chip, or can be set on different chips respectively. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of memory and the setting method of the memory and the processor.

[0051] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, which includes the perception network element, the first network element and the second network element in the above-mentioned first to third aspects.

[0052] In a sixth aspect, the present application provides a chip system, which includes a processor and may also include a memory, for implementing the method described in any possible design of aspects 1 to 3 above. The chip system may be composed of a chip or may include a chip and other discrete devices.

[0053] In the seventh aspect, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are run on a computer, the computer executes a method in any possible design as in the first to third aspects.

[0054] In an eighth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product comprising instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the methods of the various embodiments of the first to third aspects described above.

[0055] For the technical effects that can be achieved in the above-mentioned second to eighth aspects, please refer to the description of the technical effects that can be achieved by the corresponding possible design schemes in the above-mentioned first aspect, and this application will not repeat them here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] FIG1A shows a schematic diagram of a communication system;

[0057] FIG1B shows a schematic diagram of another communication system;

[0058] FIG2 shows a schematic diagram of a perception processing flow;

[0059] FIG3A shows a schematic diagram of yet another communication system;

[0060] FIG3B shows a schematic diagram of another communication system;

[0061] FIG4 shows a schematic flow chart illustrating a communication method;

[0062] FIG5 shows a schematic diagram of a data analysis process;

[0063] FIG6 shows a schematic flow chart illustrating a communication method;

[0064] FIG7 shows a schematic flow chart illustrating a communication method;

[0065] FIG8 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] FIG9 shows a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] FIG10 shows a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The specific operating methods in the method embodiments can also be applied to the device embodiments or system embodiments. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more. Therefore, the implementation of the device and method can refer to each other, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0069] To meet the challenges of wireless broadband technology and maintain the leading edge of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) network, the 3GPP standards group has developed the Next Generation System architecture for mobile communications, known as the 5G network architecture. This architecture not only supports access to the 5G core network (CN) using radio access technologies defined by the 3GPP standards group (such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) and RAN), but also supports access to the core network using non-3GPP access technologies via the non-3GPP interworking function (N3IWF) or the next generation packet data gateway (ngPDG).

[0070] Figure 1A is a schematic diagram of a 5G network architecture based on a service-oriented architecture. The 5G network architecture shown in Figure 1A may include access network equipment and core network equipment. The terminal accesses the data network (DN) through the access network equipment and the core network equipment. Among them, the core network equipment includes but is not limited to some or all of the following network elements: authentication server function (AUSF) network element (not shown in the figure), UDM network element, UDR network element, network storage function (NRF) network element (not shown in the figure), NEF network element (not shown in the figure), application function (AF) network element, PCF network element, AMF network element, SMF network element, user plane function (UPF) network element, binding support function (BSF) network element (not shown in the figure).

[0071] Terminals can be UEs, mobile stations, or mobile terminals. They can be widely used in various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), the Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, and smart cities. Terminals can be mobile phones, tablets, computers with wireless transceiver capabilities, wearable devices, vehicles, urban air vehicles (such as drones and helicopters), ships, robots, robotic arms, and smart home devices.

[0072] Access network equipment can be a radio access network (RAN) device or a wireline access network (FAN) device. Among them, radio access network equipment includes 3GPP access network equipment, untrusted non-3GPP access network equipment and trusted non-3GPP access network equipment. 3GPP access network equipment includes but is not limited to: evolved NodeB (eNodeB) in LTE, next generation nodeB (gNB) in 5G mobile communication system, base station in future mobile communication system or module or unit that completes part of the functions of base station, such as centralized unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), etc. Untrusted non-3GPP access network equipment includes but is not limited to: untrusted non-3GPP access gateway or N3IWF device, untrusted wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP), switch, router. Trusted non-3GPP access network equipment includes but is not limited to: trusted non-3GPP access gateway, trusted WLAN AP, switch, router. Wired access network equipment includes but is not limited to: wireline access gateway, fixed telephone network equipment, switches, and routers.

[0073] Access network equipment and terminals can be fixed or mobile. They can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; on water; and in the air on aircraft, balloons, and satellites. The embodiments of this application do not limit the application scenarios of access network equipment and terminals.

[0074] The AMF network element performs functions such as mobility management and access authentication / authorization. In addition, it is responsible for transmitting user policies between terminals and PCF network elements.

[0075] The SMF network element includes functions such as performing session management, executing control policies issued by the PCF, selecting the UPF, and allocating the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the terminal.

[0076] The UPF network element includes functions such as user plane data forwarding, session / flow-level billing statistics, and bandwidth limitation.

[0077] UDM network element includes functions such as executing and managing contract data and user access authorization.

[0078] The UDR network element includes the access functions for executing contract data, policy data, application data and other types of data.

[0079] NEF network element is used to support the opening of capabilities and events.

[0080] The AF network element communicates application-side requirements to the network, such as Quality of Service (QoS) requirements or user status event subscriptions. The AF can be a service requester functional entity or an operator-deployed application service, such as the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) voice call service. AF network elements include those within the core network (i.e., the operator's AF network element) and those on the service requester side (e.g., an enterprise's application server).

[0081] The PCF network element includes policy control functions such as billing for sessions and service flow levels, QoS bandwidth guarantee, mobility management, and terminal policy decision-making. PCF network elements include access and mobility management policy control function (AM PCF) network element and session management policy control function (SM PCF) network element. Among them, the AM PCF network element is used to formulate AM policies for terminals. The AM PCF network element can also be called a policy control network element that provides services for terminals (PCF for a UE). The SM PCF network element is used to formulate session management policies (SM policies) for sessions. The SM PCF network element can also be called a policy control network element that provides services for sessions ((PCF for a PDU session))).

[0082] NRF network elements can be used to provide network element discovery capabilities, providing network element information corresponding to the network element type based on requests from other network elements. NRF also provides network element management services such as network element registration, update, and deregistration, as well as network element status subscription and push.

[0083] The BSF network element can provide BSF service registration / deregistration / update, NRF connection detection, session binding information creation, UE information acquisition, and session binding information query for duplicate IP addresses.

[0084] The AUSF network element is responsible for authenticating users to determine whether users or devices are allowed to access the network.

[0085] A DN is a network located outside of a carrier network. A carrier network can connect to multiple DNs, and a variety of services can be deployed on the DN, providing data and / or voice services to terminals. For example, a DN is the private network of a smart factory. Sensors installed in the workshop can be terminals, and the DN houses a control server for the sensors, which can provide services to the sensors. Sensors can communicate with the control server, receive instructions from the control server, and transmit collected sensor data to the control server based on the instructions. Another example is a DN that is a company's internal office network. An employee's mobile phone or computer can be a terminal, allowing them to access information and data resources on the company's internal office network.

[0086] In Figure 1A, Npcf, Nurf, Nudm, Naf, Namf, and Nsmf are service-oriented interfaces provided by the PCF, UDR, UDM, AF, AMF, and SMF, respectively, for invoking corresponding service-oriented operations. N1, N2, N3, N4, and N6 are interface serial numbers, and their meanings are as follows:

[0087] 1) N1: The interface between AMF and the terminal, which can be used to deliver non-access stratum (NAS) signaling (such as QoS rules from AMF) to the terminal.

[0088] 2) N2: The interface between AMF and access network equipment, which can be used to transmit radio bearer control information from the core network side to the access network equipment.

[0089] 3) N3: The interface between the access network equipment and UPF, mainly used to transmit uplink and downlink user plane data between the access network equipment and UPF.

[0090] 4) N4: The interface between SMF and UPF can be used to transmit information between the control plane and the user plane, including controlling the issuance of forwarding rules, QoS rules, traffic statistics rules, etc. for the user plane and reporting information on the user plane.

[0091] 5) N6: Interface between UPF and DN, used to transmit uplink and downlink user data flows between UPF and DN.

[0092] Figure 1B is a schematic diagram of a 5G network architecture based on a point-to-point interface. For an introduction to the functions of the network elements therein, please refer to the introduction to the functions of the corresponding network elements in Figure 1B and will not be repeated here. The main difference between Figure 1B and Figure 1A is that the interfaces between the various control plane network elements in Figure 1A are service-oriented interfaces, while the interfaces between the various control plane network elements in Figure 1B are point-to-point interfaces.

[0093] In the architecture shown in Figure 1B, the interface names and functions between the various network elements are as follows:

[0094] 1) For the meanings of the N1, N2, N3, N4 and N6 interfaces, please refer to the above description.

[0095] 2) N5: The interface between the AF network element and the PCF network element, which can be used to issue application service requests and report network events.

[0096] 3) N7: The interface between the PCF network element and the SMF network element, which can be used to issue the protocol data unit (PDU) session granularity and the service data flow granularity control policy.

[0097] 4) N8: The interface between the AMF network element and the UDM network element, which can be used by the AMF network element to obtain access and mobility management related contract data and authentication data from the UDM network element, and the AMF network element to register terminal mobility management related information with the UDM network element.

[0098] 5) N9: User plane interface between UPF network elements, used to transmit uplink and downlink user data flows between UPF network elements.

[0099] 6) N10: The interface between the SMF network element and the UDM network element, which can be used by the SMF network element to obtain session management related contract data from the UDM network element, and the SMF network element to register terminal session related information with the UDM network element.

[0100] 7) N11: The interface between the SMF network element and the AMF network element, which can be used to transmit PDU session tunnel information between the access network device and the UPF, transmit control messages sent to the terminal, transmit wireless resource control information sent to the access network device, etc.

[0101] 8) N15: The interface between the PCF network element and the AMF network element, which can be used to issue terminal policies and access control related policies.

[0102] 9) N35: The interface between the UDM network element and the UDR network element, which can be used by the UDM network element to obtain user contract data information from the UDR network element.

[0103] 10) N36: Interface between PCF network element and UDR network element, which can be used by PCF network element to obtain policy-related contract data and application data-related information from UDR network element.

[0104] It is understood that the above-mentioned network element or function can be a network element in a hardware device, a software function running on dedicated hardware, or a virtualized function instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform). Optionally, the above-mentioned network element or function can be implemented by a single device, or by multiple devices, or can be a functional module within a single device, and this is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0105] The user plane network element, session management network element, and mobility management network element in this application can be the UPF network element, SMF network element, and AMF network element in the 5G system, respectively, or can be a network element having the functions of the above-mentioned UPF network element, SMF network element, and AMF network element in future communications such as the 6th generation (6G) network. This application is not limited to this. In the embodiments of this application, an example is described in which the UPF network element, SMF network element, and AMF network element are respectively the user plane network element, the session management network element, and the mobility management network element. In addition, the UPF network element, the SMF network element, and the AMF network element are referred to as UPF, SMF, and AMF, respectively.

[0106] For ease of explanation, in the embodiments of this application, a base station (such as a 4th generation (4G) eNB, a 5G gNB, or a base station in future communications) is used as an example of an access network device for explanation, and the subsequent "base station" can be replaced with "access network device." In the embodiments of this application, a UE is used as an example of a terminal for explanation, and the subsequent "UE" can be replaced with "terminal."

[0107] It is understandable that the core network may also include other network functional entities, which is not limited in this application.

[0108] The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application can be applied to various communication systems. For example, they can be applied to 5G systems, as well as other future-oriented new systems, such as 6G systems. The embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this. In addition, the term "system" and "network" can be used interchangeably.

[0109] With the development of communication networks, users have increasingly demanded network perception. Perception involves transmitting electromagnetic waves to a target object (e.g., the RAN transmitting electromagnetic waves to the target object in Figure 1A or Figure 1B), obtaining reflected electromagnetic waves, and determining target object information, such as trajectory and shape, based on the echo and the characteristics of the radio electromagnetic waves. For example, Figure 2 shows a typical sensing process diagram, which illustrates the basic process of cellular base station perception. The sensing process is as follows: ADC (analog-to-digital) sampling—perception channel calculation and inversion—symbol-dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (Fast Fourier Transform) and Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to obtain the range spectrum (R spectrum)—inter-symbol FFT to obtain the velocity spectrum (V spectrum)—constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection—angle spectrum (A spectrum) calculation, single radio frame clustering—multi-radio frame data association—tracking filtering—target identification. Perception results can include the presence or absence of target objects, the number of target objects, target identification (e.g., animals, drones, vehicles, people, etc.), and target trajectory (e.g., vehicle trajectory, drone trajectory).

[0110] It should be noted that the target in this application can be replaced by target object or object.

[0111] Perception can be applied to wide-area scenarios (such as low-altitude drone security, highway / railway intrusion detection, atmospheric environment monitoring, real-time control of border and coastline areas, and vehicle-road collaborative scenario perception assistance) and local-area scenarios (such as smart home scenarios (health monitoring, home intrusion detection), smart factory scenarios (detection and tracking of factory automatic guided vehicles), and motion posture recognition).

[0112] In order to better adapt to the application of perception, the service-oriented architecture provided by this application introduces the perception network element SF (when CU is not separated) as shown in Figure 3A. SF sets up interfaces and interacts with 5GC network elements such as AMF, NEF, UDM, NWDAF, PCF, location management function (LMF) and UPF. The perception control signaling between SF and RAN / UE is transmitted through AMF. The perception measurement data obtained by RAN / UE can be transmitted to SF via the control plane or user plane. The user plane can be forwarded via UPF or directly transmitted to SF. In addition, it is necessary to support perception billing in UE execution perception and RAN execution perception scenarios. The perception network element sets up interfaces and interacts with 5GC network elements such as AMF, NEF, UDM, NWDAF, PCF, LMF and UPF. The specific definitions are as follows:

[0113] 1) NS1: A new NS1 interface is added between SF and AMF, which can transmit perception control signaling; for scenarios where the control plane uploads perception measurement data, this interface can also transmit perception measurement data.

[0114] 2) NS2: A new NS2 interface is added between SF and NEF. This interface can transmit signaling messages between the perception network element and the service side AF (Application Function) through NEF, and open the perception results to AF.

[0115] 3) NS3: A new NS3 interface is added between SF and UDM, through which authentication or authorization can be achieved, and UE perception subscription information, service AMF information or other information can be obtained.

[0116] 4) NS4: A new NS4 interface is added between SF and NWDAF. Through this interface, the perception network element can work with NWDAF to complete artificial intelligence (AI) processing related to perception services.

[0117] 5) NS5: A new NS5 interface is added between SF and PCF. Through this interface, the perception network element can transmit information such as the perception requirements, QoS requirements or perception results of the perception service to PCF, and PCF decides and generates PCC policies related to the perception service.

[0118] 6) NS6: A new NS6 interface is added between SF and LMF. Through this interface, the sensing network element can obtain location-related information, such as the sensing area, RAN information of the sensing target, and location information of the sensed UE.

[0119] 7) NS7: A new NS7 interface is added between SF and user plane functions. Perception measurement data can be directly transmitted from (R)AN to the perception network element via the user plane function, or indirectly forwarded to the perception network element via UPF. If the (R)AN forwards the data via UPF in the scenario where perception is performed, UPF needs to be modified to support RAN-granular data transmission.

[0120] In addition to the above-mentioned new interfaces, existing interfaces (such as N1, N2, N5, N8, N33, etc.) need to support the transmission of perception service related information, such as authentication information, perception service type, perception service quality requirements, perception measurement data, perception results, etc.

[0121] If the perception function is co-located with LMF, new interfaces can be added between LMF and GMLC to transmit information related to the perception service, and interfaces related to LMF and GMLC (such as the NL1 interface between AMF and LMF, and the NL2 interface between AMF and GMLC).

[0122] FIG3B shows the case where the perception network element CU is separated, and the perception network element includes SF-C and SF-U. For example, the number of SF-C and SF-U may be multiple, for example, one SF-C corresponds to multiple SF-U, etc. The number of SF-C and SF-U is not specifically limited here, and only one SF-C and one SF-U are used as an example for illustration. In addition, SF-D is also introduced in FIG3B, wherein SF-D is a perception information storage network element, which is used to store perception information, such as dynamic target perception information, static environment reconstruction / twin information, and associate perception targets with user identities. Among them, the perception storage network element may include: perception data storage network element, DCP, DSF, etc. The SF-D can be combined with the NWDAF or separated from the NWDAF. This is not specifically limited in this application. FIG3B takes the combination of SF-D and NWDAF as an example for illustration. 3GPP UEs access the gNB via the Uu interface, the gNB accesses the UPF via the N3 interface, the UPF accesses the SF-U via the NS8 interface, and the SF-U accesses the SF-C via the NS7 interface. Non-3GPP UEs access the UPF via N3GPP access, the UPF accesses the SF-U via the NS8 interface, and the SF-U accesses the SF-C via the NS7 interface. The NWDAF and SF-U transmit messages via the NS9 interface.

[0123] For example, the SF-C is used to implement one or more of the following functions:

[0124] 1) Perception business / task management. Specifically, perception business / task management includes the orchestration and scheduling of business / tasks.

[0125] 2) Perception service authorization and authentication.

[0126] 3) Perception task management, for example, perception task creation, perception task update, or perception task completion.

[0127] 4) Perception target area conversion, for example, the perception target area is a geographical area, and the geographical area is mapped to a cell / TA covered by the base station.

[0128] 5) Policy control of perception mode and perception QOS.

[0129] 6) Control of perceived prohibited areas.

[0130] 7) Selection of AMF and SF-U.

[0131] 8) Billing and generation of perception call records.

[0132] For example, the SF-U is used to implement one or more of the following functions:

[0133] 1) Receive point cloud data and perform data processing on the point cloud data (for example, clustering, tracking filtering, generating perception results (target recognition, target trajectory, etc.)).

[0134] 2) Support for multi-station sensing services, such as splicing and tracking trajectories sensed by multiple base stations.

[0135] 3) Multi-dimensional perception computing, such as computing radar data and video data.

[0136] 4) Access management of multi-dimensional devices.

[0137] 5) Subscribe / report / query perception results.

[0138] As mentioned in the background, drone applications are expected to become increasingly widespread, and the government is increasingly supporting their development. Currently, reforms to the management of low-altitude drones are being implemented, primarily to transfer airspace management below 500 meters to public security. Drones have both communication and safety requirements. Communication needs primarily focus on flight control and data transmission. There are two ways to obtain safety requirements: using military radar to obtain drone flight information (flight trajectory, flight time, etc.), or having drones report flight information themselves (self-reporting by drones is unreliable). Using military radar to determine safety requirements based on drone flight information would increase the number of drones and increase costs. Furthermore, inconsistent standards among radar manufacturers make multi-path fitting impossible over a wide area.

[0139] In terms of security needs, for legal drones, the network knows its ID (that is, it carries a SIM card), and the network has its SIM card information and its planned route. The drone can report its own track through the communication system. The track can be the GPS track of the drone or the track of the drone positioning. The perception will also make a track. According to the matching of the track, it can be known whether it is a legal flight and whether it has deviated from the route. In order to ensure the safety of production and life, it is necessary to detect and identify low-altitude flying objects in real time to determine whether low-altitude flying objects will cause safety hazards. Based on this, the present application provides a communication method to improve the recognition accuracy of perception targets.

[0140] Referring to FIG. 4 , a communication method provided by the present application is provided to better identify the behavior of target objects (e.g., abnormal vehicles, unauthorized drones (which can be understood as illegal flights or flights that deviate from their routes), and foreign objects appearing on roads or railways). This method can be executed based on data interaction between a perception network element and a first network element. In specific applications, other network elements may also be involved, and this application does not specifically limit this. It is understood that the methods and apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present application can be used in drone scenarios as well as in other perception scenarios, and this application does not limit this. This method can be applied to the architecture of FIG. 3A or FIG. 3B . The first network element is primarily responsible for performing computational processing on data, such as statistics, analysis, and AI calculations. The first network element can be an NWDAF, an ADRF, an MFAF, a DCCF, a perception storage network element (i.e., the SF-D in FIG. 3B ), a DTMF, or a DTF. The DCCF can be considered a data / analysis result transfer network element; the ADRF can be considered a data / analysis result storage node; and the MFAF can be connected to a bus and provide external services through the MFAF for data preprocessing and result output. The perception network element is mainly used to process the perception data uploaded by the access network device, such as clustering, tracking filtering, trajectory tracking, target recognition, environment reconstruction, etc. Here, the perception network element (it is not limited to whether the CU is separated) and the first network element are used as an example to illustrate. The execution is as follows:

[0141] Step 400: The sensing network element obtains first information, where the first information includes: first trajectory information of a first target.

[0142] Optionally, the perception network element receives a perception service request (or perception request), where the perception service request includes a first target; the perception network element executes the perception service to obtain first information.

[0143] Step 401: A sensing network element sends first information to a first network element.

[0144] It should be noted that the first information can be used to request the category of the first target. The first message can be carried in an analysis request, can reuse Nnwdaf_AnalyticsInfo_request to carry the first trajectory information, or can be carried in a new message, which is not specifically limited in this application. In addition, when the first network element is a perception storage network element and the second network element is an NWDAF, the first network element can receive the first information from the perception network element through the second network element.

[0145] The first target may also be referred to as the first object, or the first perception target, etc., which is not specifically limited herein. The first target may be a target with a SIM card, or a target without a SIM card (i.e., a target that has not been authenticated and authorized in the core network, or a target that has not been registered with the operator / has not signed a contract with the operator network). Targets with SIM cards may include devices such as drones equipped with SIM cards or unmanned vehicles equipped with SIM cards, while targets without SIM cards may include drones without SIM cards, stones blocking the road, animals blocking the road, etc. This application is merely illustrative and does not specifically limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0146] It should be noted that in the present application, a target with a SIM card can be understood as a target with a connection, or a target registered with the network, or a target subscribed to the network, or a target authenticated in the network, or a target authorized by the network; a target without a SIM card in the present application can be understood as a target without a connection, or a target not registered with the network, or a target not subscribed to the network, or a target not authenticated in the network, or a target not authorized by the network. The SIM card can also be replaced by an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI), a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI), a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI), a generic public subscription identifier (GPSI), a PEI (permanent equipment identifier), or an identifier used to identify a terminal device or user equipment in future next-generation networks (e.g., 6G, 7G, etc.).

[0147] Among them, the first trajectory information (that is, the actual running trajectory information of the first target) can also be called the first motion trajectory information, or the first track information, etc., which is not specifically limited here. Before executing step 401, the perception network element can perform data processing based on the perception data reported by the RAN as a synesthesia device after performing the synesthesia operation to determine the first trajectory information of the first target, and can also call relevant information of the first target from other devices (such as radar, cameras and other non-operator network devices) to assist in determining the first trajectory information of the first target. This application does not specifically limit how the perception network element determines the first trajectory information. This application does not specifically limit it here. The first trajectory information can be indicated by the geographical location of the first target at different time points (the location can be represented in the form of coordinates), and can also be indicated by the cell identifier of the first target at different time points, etc., which is not specifically limited here.

[0148] Furthermore, it should be noted that the first message may also include category request information for the first target. Based on this, the first network element can clearly know the category information to which the perception network element requests the first target. Furthermore, the first message may also include a first category (i.e., the target category required by the perception network element). The first category is used to determine whether the first target belongs to the first category. Therefore, after executing step 402 below, if the first network element determines that the category of the first target is the first category, a confirmation message is sent to the perception network element in step 403 below. Alternatively, if the first network element determines that the category of the first target is not the first category, a non-confirmation message is sent to the perception network element in step 403 below. For example, if the first category is a drone, and the first network element determines that the first target is a bird, a non-confirmation message is sent in step 403, and the perception network element determines that the first target is not a drone. This is merely an example and is not intended to be limiting. The aforementioned categories may also be referred to as types, attributes, type identifiers, etc., which are not specifically defined here.

[0149] In addition, when the first network element is DTMF or DTF, the first information may also include first environmental information (also referred to as environmental context information, or environmental reconstruction information / spatial information, or environmental spatial information / digital twin information, or twin context information, or twin information, or environmental twin information, etc., which are not specifically limited here). The first environmental information is the environmental information actually perceived by the first target. If the first information includes the first environmental information, the first result in step 402 below includes the environmental identifier of the first environmental information (i.e., the geographic location information corresponding to the first environment, etc.).

[0150] In step 402, the first network element determines a first result based on the first information and the first model, where the first result includes a category of the first target. The first model is obtained by training or inference based on the perception information of the perception target.

[0151] It should be noted that the first model is usually a machine learning model. Based on the first model, the accuracy of the results and the efficiency of data processing can be improved. Usually, the first information is input into the first model to obtain the first result. The first model can be obtained by:

[0152] The first network element obtains perception information of one or more perception targets, where the perception information includes: trajectory information of the perception targets and the category of the perception targets; the first network element performs data analysis on the perception information to determine (or generate or produce) second information, where the second information is used to represent characteristics of the trajectory information of the perception targets, or the second information is used to represent an association relationship, where the association relationship indicates an association between the trajectory information of the perception targets and the category of the perception targets; and the model parameters of the first model are adjusted according to the perception information and the second information to obtain the first model.

[0153] Specifically, when the first network element is NWDAF, NWDAF can obtain the perception information of one or more perception targets from SF, or NWDAF can obtain the perception information of one or more perception targets from the perception storage network element (for example, SF-D). When the first network element is a perception storage network element, and the perception storage network element is not coupled with NWDAF, the perception storage network element can obtain the perception information of one or more perception targets by receiving a first message from the second network element (that is, NWDAF) (the first message includes the perception information of one or more perception targets, and the first message can be carried by the perception information storage request). How the first network element obtains the perception information of one or more perception targets is not specifically limited here. In one example, when NWDAF and SF-D are co-installed, NWDAF can obtain the perception information of the perception target locally. The perception information of the perception target can be historical information, for example, the flight trajectory information of a drone in a historical time period, the operation trajectory information of an unmanned vehicle in a historical time period, etc. In one example, when the NWDAF is separate from the SF-D, the NWDAF may obtain the perception information of the perception target from the SF-D (for example, the NWDAF obtains the perception information of the perception target by sending a request message for the perception information of the perception target to the SF-D).

[0154] The first network element's data analysis of the perceived target information can be understood as feature extraction, inference, and training of the perceived target information. In one optional approach, the first network element can perform cluster analysis (clustering points, interconnecting cluster traces, etc.) based on the point cloud data fed back by the RAN to determine the characteristics of the perceived target's trajectory information, as shown in Figure 5. In another optional approach, the first network element can perform data analysis based on the spectrum information of the echo signal fed back by the RAN (the RAN sends a perception signal to the perceived target, and the perceived signal is reflected by the perceived target to obtain an echo signal). This description is not detailed here. The first network element can use a first model (the specific type of the first model used is not limited here and can include CNN, RNN, GNN, etc.) to analyze data on a large amount of perceived target information to determine second information. This second information can identify the motion characteristics of perceived targets of different categories, or the association between the trajectory information of the perceived targets and their categories. The first network element then adjusts the model parameters of the first model based on the second information and the perception information of one or more perceived targets, thereby obtaining a trained first model.

[0155] In addition, it should be noted that the above-mentioned perception information, in addition to including the trajectory information of the perception target and the category of the perception target, may also include an identifier associated with the perception target, so as to associate the perception target with the communication identity. Among them, the identifier associated with the perception target may include a terminal identifier associated with the perception target. When the first network element is DTMF or DTF, the perception information may also include environmental context information associated with the perception target (for example, digital twin world information of a certain intersection, which can simulate the road condition information of the intersection). The perception information includes environmental context information associated with the perception target so as to construct a twin model based on the dynamic perception target superimposed environmental information.

[0156] In addition, the above-mentioned one or more perception targets are perception targets associated with the first terminal, and the first terminal is a terminal that has passed the authentication and authorization, so that the first network element can determine the motion characteristics of the perception target corresponding to the terminal that has passed the authentication and authorization through data analysis. In specific applications, the first network element can send a second message to the third network element (ie, NEF), and the second message is used to subscribe to the identifier of the first terminal and the perception information of the perception target associated with the first terminal; the first network element receives a third message from the third network element, and the third message includes: the identifier of the first terminal and the perception information of the perception target associated with the first terminal. Among them, the second message can be carried by a perception query request, and the third message can be carried by a perception query response.

[0157] Step 403: The first network element sends the first result to the perception network element.

[0158] It should be noted that the first result can be carried by Nnwdaf_AnalyticsInfo_respond or by a new message, which is not specifically limited in this application. Specifically, when the first message is carried by the analysis request, the first result is carried by the analysis request response. When the first network element receives the first information from the perception network element through the second network element, the first network element can also send the first result to the perception network element through the second network element.

[0159] Optionally, the first network element may further send the first result to other network elements or terminals through the perception session. For example, the first network element may send the first result to an APP of the terminal through the perception session so that the APP displays the first result for the user to view. A perception session may be understood as a session established between the first network element and the terminal, or a session established between the first network element and other network elements, and is primarily used to transmit perception-related data, such as the first result.

[0160] In the present application, the first network element determines the type of the first target by referring to the first trajectory information of the first target from the perception network element and the first model obtained by training or reasoning based on the perception information of the perception target. Based on this, the first network element can determine the type of the first target. Because the first model is obtained by training or reasoning based on the perception information of the perception target, the accuracy of identifying the type of the perception target can be improved based on the model, and the efficiency of target recognition can be improved, which is conducive to better execution of perception-related tasks.

[0161] In addition, the perception network element further determines the identifier of the terminal associated with the first target (that is, whether there is SIM information of the first target) according to the first trajectory information.

[0162] In one embodiment, the perception network element sends a fourth message, the fourth message includes an identifier associated with the first target, and the fourth message is used to request context information of the identifier associated with the first target; the perception network element receives a fifth message, the fifth message includes context information of the identifier associated with the first target; the perception network element determines whether the first target is signed or whether the first target is authenticated based on the fifth message. Specifically, the perception network element may send the fourth message to a third network element (e.g., NEF). In one embodiment, the perception network element obtains second trajectory information of the first target, the second trajectory information is preset trajectory information of the first target; the perception network element determines whether the first trajectory information deviates based on the second trajectory information. Specifically, the perception network element sends a sixth message to the third network element, the sixth message is used to subscribe to the second trajectory information of the first target; the perception network element receives a seventh message from the third network element, and the seventh message includes the second trajectory information of the first target.

[0163] Specifically, after determining the category of the first target, the perception network element can determine the location of the first target based on the first trajectory information, and then determine whether the first target has a SIM card in combination with the LCS (the identification of the first target (the identification of the first target is associated with whether a SIM card exists) and the location information of the first target). If it is determined that a SIM card exists, the second trajectory information (that is, the authorized trajectory) and the first trajectory information of the first target are compared. If they are the same, it is determined that there is no safety hazard for the first target. If the second trajectory information of the first target does not exist, or the first target has not signed a contract, it is considered that the first trajectory information and the second trajectory information are different, and there is a safety hazard for the first target. This is just an example.

[0164] In addition, the perception network element may send the perception result of the first target to a third party. The perception result of the first target includes: the category of the first target. The perception result of the first target also includes one or more of the following: whether the first target is signed, whether the first target is authenticated, or whether the first trajectory information deviates. In addition, the perception network element may also send the perception result to the third party through a third network element. If the perception result of the first target only includes the category of the first target, the third network element may determine whether the first target is signed, whether the first target is authenticated, or whether the first trajectory information of the first target deviates based on the category of the first target and the terminal identifier associated with the first target (wherein, whether it deviates can also be understood as illegal flying, for example, not flying according to a pre-planned / planned / set trajectory, etc.). It is not specifically limited here.

[0165] In order to more vividly describe the solution of the present application, the following uses drones as an example to illustrate the first target. In actual application, drones include drones that are subject to remote control distance restrictions, such as the distance between the drone and the remote control is limited to 1.5 kilometers to 3 kilometers. It also includes drones that are not subject to remote control distance restrictions, such as a drone in Suzhou that can be controlled by a drone operator far away in Beijing. For example, a drone can be placed in a certain location and then take off automatically after a period of time and fly according to a preset track. The following describes solutions applicable to both drones through Figures 6 and 7. Among them, the perception network element in Figure 6 determines whether the drone is an illegal drone, and the NEF in Figure 7 determines whether the drone is an illegal drone.

[0166] Referring to the flow chart shown in Figure 6, the method can be illustrated by taking the data interaction between the perception third party, open gateway (which can send perception information to different operators), NEF, SF-CU (including the case where C and U are separated and not separated), NWDAF, SF-D (or ADRF or UDSF), UDM, base station, and perception target as an example. Among them, NEF, SF-CU, NWDAF, SF-D, UDM, and base station are all services of operator 1. In specific applications, service network elements of other operators may also be involved. It can be understood by referring to the data interaction between the service network elements of operator 1, which is not specifically limited here. Execute as follows:

[0167] In step 600a, the NWDAF subscribes to (or requests) the authentication and authorization context information of the UAV from the NEF.

[0168] It should be noted that for drones that have successfully completed UUAA authentication and authorization, their authentication and authorization context information is typically stored in the UAS NF of the NEF. This authentication and authorization context information may include information such as the drone's flight trajectory and the identifier of the UE associated with the drone. This is not specifically limited here.

[0169] Optionally, the authentication and authorization context information of the drone includes the identifier of the UE associated with the drone. Optionally, the authentication and authorization context information of the drone includes the flight trajectory information of the drone.

[0170] It should be noted that the above step 600a may also be the SF subscribing to the NEF for the authentication and authorization context information of the drone.

[0171] If the authentication and authorization context information of the drone does not include the preset flight trajectory information of the drone, the following steps 600b to 602 may be executed to obtain the preset flight trajectory information of the drone.

[0172] Step 600b: NWDAF sends a sensing trajectory acquisition request to the SF-CU.

[0173] Step 601: Execute the perception process to obtain the flight trajectory information of the drone.

[0174] Specifically, the flight trajectory information of the UAV can be determined with reference to FIG. 2 above, which will not be described in detail here.

[0175] Step 602: The SF-CU sends the UAV's flight trajectory information to the NWDAF.

[0176] In step 603, NWDAF uses the flight trajectory information of the UAV as a training sample.

[0177] If the SF-D is not integrated with the NWDAF, step 604 is executed; if the SF-D is integrated with the NWDAF, the flight trajectory information of the UAV is stored in step 603.

[0178] Step 604: NWDAF sends the UAV's flight trajectory information to SF-D.

[0179] Optionally, step 604 also includes the category of the drone, and the SF-D can store the flight trajectory information of the drone and the category of the drone.

[0180] It should be noted that the above steps 600a to 604 are preparatory steps for the subsequent process. In the preparatory steps, a large amount of UAV flight trajectory information is stored so that the characteristics of the UAV flight trajectory information can be determined through data analysis, which facilitates faster identification of UAVs. The specific data analysis process can be understood by referring to the description in the above step 402 and will not be repeated here.

[0181] Step 605: The sensing third party sends sensing service request information to the open gateway.

[0182] Step 606: The open gateway sends the awareness service request information to the NEF.

[0183] Step 607: NEF sends the sensing service request information to SF-CU.

[0184] The aforementioned third-party perception service provider can be a security service provider or other organization, and is not specifically limited here. The perception service request information can be used to request detection of the illegal flight status of the perception target 1, such as the contract status of the perception target 1, the authentication status of the perception target 1, the authorization status of the perception target 1, and whether the perception target 1 is flying according to the authorized trajectory (i.e., the second trajectory information mentioned above).

[0185] Step 608 , executing the perception process to obtain the flight trajectory information (actual flight trajectory information, ie, first trajectory information) of the perception target 1 .

[0186] Specifically, the flight trajectory information of the perceived target 1 can be determined with reference to FIG. 2 above, which will not be elaborated here.

[0187] Step 609 : The SF-CU sends first information to the NWDAF, where the first information includes flight trajectory information of the sensed target 1 .

[0188] Specifically, reference may be made to the description of step 401 above for understanding, which will not be elaborated here.

[0189] If the SF-D is co-located with the NWDAF, then step 612 is executed after step 609 ; if the SF-D is not co-located with the NWDAF, then step 610 and step 611 are executed after step 609 .

[0190] In step 610 , the NWDAF sends the flight trajectory information of the sensed target 1 to the SF-D.

[0191] In step 611, the SF-D sends the category of the sensing target 1 to the NWDAF.

[0192] In step 612, the NWDAF sends the category of the sensing target 1 to the SF-CU.

[0193] In step 613 , the SF-CU determines that the category of the perceived target 1 is a target category (drone) based on the category of the perceived target 1 .

[0194] Specifically, if the category of the perceived target 1 is not the target category, the subsequent steps are not executed. If the category of the perceived target 1 is the target category, it is determined based on the LCS whether the perceived target 1 has a SIM card. If not, the subsequent steps are not executed; if so, the subsequent steps are executed.

[0195] Step 614: The SF-CU subscribes to (or requests) the authentication and authorization context information of the sensing target 1 from the NEF (obtains the identifier of the UE associated with the sensing target 1).

[0196] Step 615: The SF-CU subscribes to the subscription information of the perception target 1 from the UDM (obtains the identifier of the UE associated with the perception target 1).

[0197] It should be noted that the above-mentioned step 614 and step 615 are in an and / or relationship. For a signed drone, the corresponding signing information will be stored in the UDM (that is, first of all, the drone is a 3GPP UE, that is, it has a communication identifier and can establish a communication session. In addition, if the UE has signed a drone role, then there is also signing information that characterizes the drone role, that is, it can be distinguished from an ordinary communication terminal). For an authenticated drone, the UAS NF of the NEF also contains the drone's authentication and authorization context information (for example, UUAA context, which may include the drone's trajectory information). Therefore, if in step 613, it is determined that the perceived target 1 is a drone based on the category of the perceived target 1 and it has SIM card information (that is, it has a UE ID), then steps 614 and / or can be further triggered.

[0198] Step 615 initiates verification of the illegal flight situation.

[0199] Step 616: The SF-CU sends the sensing service response information to the NEF.

[0200] Step 617: NEF sends the awareness service reply information to the open gateway.

[0201] Step 618: The open gateway sends the awareness service reply information to the awareness third party.

[0202] The above-mentioned perception service response information includes the illegal flight status of the perception target 1, for example, whether it has signed a contract, whether it has been authenticated, whether it has been authorized, whether it has been flown according to the trajectory, etc.

[0203] Referring to the flow chart shown in Figure 7, the method can be illustrated by taking the data interaction between the perception third party, open gateway (which can send perception information to different operators), NEF, SF-CU, NWDAF, SF-D (or ADRF or UDSF), UDM, base station, and perception target as an example. Among them, NEF, SF-CU, NWDAF, SF-D, UDM, and base station are all services of operator 1. In specific applications, service network elements of other operators may also be involved. It can be understood by referring to the data interaction between the service network elements of operator 1, which is not specifically limited here. Execute as follows:

[0204] Steps 700a to 712 can be understood by referring to the above-mentioned steps 600a to 612 and are not described in detail here.

[0205] In step 713 , the SF-CU determines that the category of the perceived target 1 is a target category (drone) based on the category of the perceived target 1 .

[0206] Specifically, if the category of the sensing target 1 is not the target category, the subsequent steps are not performed. If the category of the sensing target 1 is the target category, it is determined based on the LCS whether the sensing target 1 has a SIM card. If not, the subsequent steps are not performed; if so, after executing step 714, the identifier of the UE associated with the sensing target 1 is carried in step 715.

[0207] Step 714: The SF-CU subscribes to the subscription information of the sensing target 1 from the UDM (obtains the identifier of the UE associated with the sensing target 1).

[0208] Step 715: The SF-CU sends the sensing service response information to the NEF.

[0209] Specifically, the perception service reply information includes the type of perception target 1 and the identifier of the UE associated with the perception target 1.

[0210] In step 716 , the NEF determines the illegal flight status of the perceived target 1 .

[0211] In step 717, the NEF sends the detected illegal flight status of target 1 to the open gateway.

[0212] In step 718, the open gateway sends the black flight information of the perceived target 1 to the perceived third party.

[0213] The above-mentioned perception target 1's illegal flight situation, for example, whether it has signed a contract, whether it has been authenticated, whether it has been authorized, whether it has been flown according to the trajectory, etc.

[0214] The above mainly introduces the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application from the perspective of device interaction. It is understandable that, in order to implement the above functions, each device may include a hardware structure and / or software module that performs each function. Those skilled in the art should easily appreciate that, in combination with the units and algorithm steps of each example described in the embodiments disclosed herein, the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in a hardware or computer software driven hardware manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0215] In the embodiments of the present application, the functional units of the device can be divided according to the above method examples. For example, each functional unit can be divided according to each function, or two or more functions can be integrated into one unit. The above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.

[0216] In the case of adopting an integrated unit, Figure 8 shows a possible exemplary block diagram of the communication device involved in the embodiments of the present application. As shown in Figure 8, the communication device 800 may include: a processing unit 801 and a transceiver unit 802. The processing unit 801 is used to control and manage the actions of the communication device 800. The transceiver unit 802 is used to support communication between the communication device 800 and other devices. Optionally, the transceiver unit 802 may include a receiving unit and / or a sending unit, which are used to perform receiving and sending operations respectively. Optionally, the communication device 800 may also include a storage unit for storing program code and / or data of the communication device 800. The transceiver unit can be called an input / output unit, a communication unit, etc., and the transceiver unit can be a transceiver; the processing unit can be a processor. When the communication device is a module (such as a chip) in a communication device, the transceiver unit can be an input / output interface, an input / output circuit or an input / output pin, etc., and can also be called an interface, a communication interface or an interface circuit, etc.; the processing unit can be a processor, a processing circuit or a logic circuit, etc. Specifically, the device may be the aforementioned perception network element, first network element, and second network element, etc.

[0217] In one embodiment, the communication device 800 is a first network element, and the transceiver unit 802 is used to receive first information from the perception network element, where the first information includes first trajectory information of the first target; the processing unit 801 is used to determine a first result based on the first information and a first model, where the first result includes the category of the first target, and the first model is obtained by training or inference based on the perception information of the perception target; the transceiver unit 802 is also used to send the first result to the perception network element.

[0218] In an optional manner, the first model can be obtained as follows: the processing unit 801 is used to obtain perception information of one or more perception targets, the perception information including trajectory information of the perception target and the category of the perception target; data analysis is performed on the perception information to determine second information, the second information is used to represent the characteristics of the trajectory information of the perception target, or the second information is used to represent an association relationship, the association relationship indicates the association between the trajectory information of the perception target and the category of the perception target; the model parameters of the first model are adjusted according to the perception information and the second information to obtain the first model.

[0219] In an optional manner, the processing unit 801 is configured to input the first information into the first model to obtain a first result.

[0220] In an optional manner, the transceiver unit 802 is configured to receive a first message from a second network element, where the first message includes perception information of one or more perception targets.

[0221] In an optional manner, the perception information further includes: an identifier associated with the perception target.

[0222] In an optional manner, the transceiver unit 802 is further configured to receive the first information from the perception network element through the second network element; and the first network element sends the first result to the perception network element through the second network element.

[0223] In an optional manner, the first information further includes: a first category, and the first category is used to determine whether the first target belongs to the first category.

[0224] In an optional manner, the transceiver unit 802 is further configured to send the first result through the perception session.

[0225] In an optional manner, the first information further includes: first environmental information, the first environmental information is associated with the perception information of the first target; the first result further includes: environmental context information of the first target.

[0226] In an optional manner, the one or more sensing targets are sensing targets associated with the first terminal, and the first terminal is a terminal that has passed authentication and authorization.

[0227] In an optional manner, the transceiver unit 802 is also used to send a second message to a third network element, where the second message is used to subscribe to the identifier of the first terminal and the perception information of the perception target associated with the first terminal; the first network element receives a third message from the third network element, where the third message includes: the identifier of the first terminal and the perception information of the perception target associated with the first terminal.

[0228] In an optional manner, the first information is carried by the analysis request, and the first result is carried by the analysis request response.

[0229] In an optional manner, the first message is carried by a perception information storage request.

[0230] In an optional manner, the second message is carried by the perception query request, and the third message is carried by the perception query response.

[0231] In another embodiment, the communication device is a perception network element, and the transceiver unit 802 is used to obtain first information, the first information including: first trajectory information of the first target; send the first information to the first network element; receive a first result from the first network element, the first result including the category of the first target, the first result is determined based on the first information and a first model, and the first model is obtained by training or inference based on information of the perception target.

[0232] In an optional manner, the transceiver unit 802 is further configured to receive a perception service request, where the perception service request includes a first target; and the perception network element executes the perception service to obtain the first information.

[0233] In an optional manner, the first information includes a first category, and the first category is used to determine whether the first target belongs to the first category.

[0234] In an optional manner, the processing unit 801 is further configured to determine an identifier associated with the first target according to the first trajectory information.

[0235] In an optional manner, the transceiver unit 802 is also used to send a fourth message, the fourth message includes an identifier associated with the first target, and the fourth message is used to request context information of the identifier associated with the first target; receive a fifth message, the fifth message includes context information of the identifier associated with the first target; the perception network element determines whether the first target is signed or whether the first target is authenticated based on the fifth message.

[0236] In an optional manner, the transceiver unit 802 is further configured to obtain second trajectory information of the first target, where the second trajectory information is preset trajectory information of the first target; and the processing unit 801 is further configured to determine whether the first trajectory information deviates based on the second trajectory information.

[0237] In an optional manner, the transceiver unit 802 is further configured to send a sixth message to the third network element, where the sixth message is used to subscribe to the second trajectory information of the first target; and receive a seventh message from the third network element, where the seventh message includes the second trajectory information of the first target.

[0238] In an optional manner, the transceiver unit 802 is further configured to send the perception result of the first target.

[0239] In an optional manner, the perception result of the first target includes: the category of the first target.

[0240] In an optional manner, the perception result of the first target further includes one or more of the following:

[0241] Whether the first target has signed a contract, whether the first target has been authenticated, or whether the first trajectory information has deviated.

[0242] In an optional manner, the first information is carried by the analysis request, and the first result is carried by the analysis request response.

[0243] In another embodiment, the communication device is a third network element, and the transceiver unit 802 is used to receive perception information of the first target from the perception network element, where the perception information of the first target includes: the category of the first target and the identifier of the terminal associated with the first target; the processing unit 801 is used to determine the perception result of the first target based on the perception information of the first target.

[0244] In an optional manner, the perception result of the first target further includes one or more of the following:

[0245] Whether the first target has signed a contract, whether the first target has been authenticated, or whether the first trajectory information of the first target has deviated.

[0246] As shown in Figure 9, this application also provides a communication device 900. The communication device 900 can be a chip or a chip system. The communication device can be located in the device involved in any of the above method embodiments, such as an access network device or a first core network device, to perform the corresponding actions of the device.

[0247] Optionally, the chip system may consist of the chip, or may include the chip and other discrete devices.

[0248] The communication device 900 includes a processor 910 .

[0249] The processor 910 is configured to execute the computer program stored in the memory 920 to implement the actions of each device in any of the above method embodiments.

[0250] The communication device 900 may further include a memory 920 for storing computer programs.

[0251] Optionally, the memory 920 and the processor 910 are coupled. Coupling is an indirect coupling or communication connection between devices, units, or modules, and can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms, for information exchange between the devices, units, or modules. Optionally, the memory 920 and the processor 910 are integrated.

[0252] The processor 910 and the memory 920 may be one or more and are not limited.

[0253] Optionally, in actual applications, the communication device 900 may or may not include a transceiver 930, as illustrated by a dashed box in the figure. The communication device 900 can exchange information with other devices via the transceiver 930. The transceiver 930 can be a circuit, a bus, a transceiver, or any other device capable of exchanging information.

[0254] In a possible implementation, the communication device 900 may be an access network device or a first core network device in the implementation of the above methods.

[0255] The specific connection medium between the transceiver 930, processor 910, and memory 920 is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. In FIG. 9 , the memory 920, processor 910, and transceiver 930 are connected via a bus. The bus is represented by a bold line in FIG. The connection between other components is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting. Buses can be classified as address buses, data buses, control buses, and the like. For ease of illustration, FIG. 9 uses only one bold line, but this does not imply that there is only one bus or type of bus. In the embodiments of the present application, the processor can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field-programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component, and can implement or execute the various methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be directly executed by a hardware processor or by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor.

[0256] In an embodiment of the present application, the memory may be a non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk drive (HDD) or a solid-state drive (SSD), etc., or a volatile memory (volatile memory), such as a random-access memory (RAM). The memory may also be any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto. The memory in an embodiment of the present application may also be a circuit or any other device that can implement a storage function, for storing computer programs, program instructions and / or data.

[0257] Based on the above embodiments, referring to FIG10 , the embodiment of the present application also provides another communication device 1000, including: an interface circuit 1010 and a logic circuit 1020; the interface circuit 1010 can be understood as an input and output interface, which can be used to execute the receiving and sending steps of each device in any of the above method embodiments, and the logic circuit 1020 can be used to run code or instructions to execute the method executed by each device in any of the above embodiments, which will not be repeated.

[0258] Based on the above embodiments, embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions. When the instructions are executed, the method performed by each device in any of the above method embodiments is implemented. For example, the method performed by the sensing network element or the first network element in the embodiment shown in FIG4 is implemented. The computer-readable storage medium may include various media that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory, a random access memory, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0259] Based on the above embodiments, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, which includes the perception network element and the first network element mentioned in any of the above method embodiments, and can be used to execute the method executed by each device in any of the above method embodiments.

[0260] In addition, the above-mentioned communication system may further include a terminal (eg, UE), which may perform data interaction with an access network device and a core network device to execute a related method in any of the above-mentioned method embodiments.

[0261] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0262] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device produce a device for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and / or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

[0263] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and / or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

[0264] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, so that the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and / or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that: include: The first network element receives first information from the sensing network element, where the first information includes: first trajectory information of the first target; The first network element determines a first result based on the first information and a first model, where the first result includes a category of the first target, and the first model is obtained by training or inference based on perception information of the perceived target; The first network element sends the first result to the perception network element.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The first model is obtained by: The first network element obtains perception information of one or more perception targets, where the perception information includes: trajectory information of the perception targets and categories of the perception targets; The first network element performs data analysis on the perception information to determine second information, where the second information is used to represent a feature of the trajectory information of the perception target, or the second information is used to represent an association relationship, where the association relationship indicates an association between the trajectory information of the perception target and a category of the perception target; The model parameters of the first model are adjusted according to the perception information and the second information to obtain the first model.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The first network element determines a first result according to the first information and the first model, including: The first network element inputs the first information into the first model to obtain the first result.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that The first network element obtains perception information of one or more perception targets, including: The first network element receives a first message from the second network element, where the first message includes: perception information of the one or more perception targets.

5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The perception information also includes: an identifier associated with the perception target.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The first network element receiving first information from the perception network element includes: The first network element receives the first information from the perception network element through the second network element; The first network element sending the first result to the perception network element includes: The first network element sends the first result to the perception network element through the second network element.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The first information also includes: the first category, and the first category is used to determine whether the first target belongs to the first category.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Also includes: The first network element sends the first result through a perception session.

9. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that: The one or more perception targets are perception targets associated with the first terminal, and the first terminal is a terminal that has passed authentication and authorization.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that Also includes: The first network element sends a second message to the third network element, where the second message is used to subscribe to the identifier of the first terminal and the perception information of the perception target associated with the first terminal; The first network element receives a third message from the third network element, where the third message includes: an identifier of the first terminal and perception information of a perception target associated with the first terminal.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The first information is carried in an analysis request, and the first result is carried in an analysis request response.

12. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that The first message is carried by the perception information storage request.

13. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The second message is carried by the perception query request, and the third message is carried by the perception query response.

14. A communication method, characterized in that: include: The perception network element obtains first information, where the first information includes: first trajectory information of the first target; The perception network element sends first information to the first network element; The perception network element receives a first result from the first network element, where the first result includes a category of the first target. The first result is determined based on the first information and a first model, where the first model is trained or inferred based on information about the perception target.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The sensing network element acquiring the first information includes: The perception network element receives a perception service request, where the perception service request includes the first target; The perception network element executes a perception service to obtain first information.

16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that The first information includes the first category, and the first category is used to determine whether the first target belongs to the first category.

17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that: Also includes: The perception network element determines an identifier associated with the first target according to the first trajectory information.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that Also includes: The perception network element sends a fourth message, where the fourth message includes the identifier of the first target association, and the fourth message is used to request context information of the identifier of the first target association; The perception network element receives a fifth message, where the fifth message includes context information of an identifier associated with the first target; The perception network element determines whether the first target is subscribed or whether the first target is authenticated based on the fifth message.

19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that Also includes: The sensing network element obtains second trajectory information of the first target, where the second trajectory information is preset trajectory information of the first target; The perception network element determines whether the first trajectory information deviates according to the second trajectory information.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein The sensing network element acquiring the second trajectory information of the first target includes: The perception network element sends a sixth message to the third network element, where the sixth message is used to subscribe to the second trajectory information of the first target; The perception network element receives a seventh message from the third network element, where the seventh message includes second trajectory information of the first target.

21. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 20, characterized in that: Also includes: The perception network element sends the perception result of the first target.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that The perception result of the first target includes: the category of the first target.

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that The perception result of the first target also includes one or more of the following: Whether the first target has signed a contract, whether the first target has been authenticated, or whether the first trajectory information has deviated.

24. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 23, characterized in that: The first information is carried in an analysis request, and the first result is carried in an analysis request response.

25. A communication device, characterized in that: include: A functional module for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 24.

26. A communication device, characterized in that: include: at least one processor and memory; The memory is used to store computer programs or instructions; The at least one processor is configured to execute the computer program or instructions so that the method according to any one of claims 1 to 24 is performed.

27. A chip system, characterized in that: The chip system includes: a processing circuit; the processing circuit is coupled to a storage medium; The processing circuit is used to execute part or all of the computer programs or instructions in the storage medium, and when the part or all of the computer programs or instructions are executed, it is used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 24.

28. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions, and when the instructions are executed by a computer, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 24 is performed.

29. A computer program product comprising a computer program or instructions, characterized in that When the program is executed on a computer, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 24 is executed.

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