Frame exchange for improved modulation

Abstract

The present disclosure proposes various signaling techniques related to an improved MCS technique and / or UEQM technique. Among various examples of the present disclosure, a method related to a UEQM technique may be related to a step of transmitting a first physical protocol data unit (PPDU) including an aggregated-control (A-control) field. For example, the A-control field may include information for requesting feedback related to unequal modulation (UEQM). For example, the method according to the present disclosure may be related to a step of receiving a second PPDU in response to the first PPDU. For example, the second PPDU may include the feedback related to the UEQM. For example, the feedback related to the UEQM may include modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information applied to a first spatial stream (SS) and parameter information applied to a second spatial stream.

Description

Frame exchange for improved modulation

[0001] This specification relates to a wireless LAN system, and more particularly, to an improved frame exchange method and device for UEQM (unequal modulation) of a wireless LAN system.

[0002] Wireless local area networks (WLANs) have been improved in various ways. For example, the Extreme High Throughput (EHT) standard can utilize newly proposed increased bandwidth, an improved PHY layer protocol data unit (PPDU) structure, improved sequences, and Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) techniques. The EHT standard can also be referred to as the IEEE 802.11be standard.

[0003] The EHT specification supports high throughput and high data rates, which may include wide bandwidth (e.g., 160 / 320 MHz), 16 streams, and / or multi-link (or multi-band) operation.

[0004] In the EHT specification, wide bandwidth (e.g., 160 / 240 / 320 MHz) can be used to achieve high throughput. Preamble puncturing and multiple RU transmissions can also be used to efficiently utilize bandwidth.

[0005] WLAN systems can be further improved through the Ultra High Reliability (UHR) standard. The UHR system, also known as the IEEE 802.11bn standard, aims to support ultra-high reliability when transmitting signals to STAs. To achieve this, various technologies are being considered for UHR systems, including high throughput, low latency, and extended range support.

[0006] WLAN systems perform media access based on primary channels. For example, information about a primary channel with a bandwidth of 20 MHz is transmitted to multiple STAs via management frames, and any STA attempting to exchange frames can access the primary channel.

[0007] To improve spectral efficiency in new wireless LAN systems, new MCS levels, indices, and parameters may be considered. If improvements are made to existing MCS techniques, improved technologies may be required for various communications, such as downlink and uplink.

[0008] Additionally, new wireless LAN systems can apply unequal modulation (UEQM) technology to improve the SNR gap between different spatial streams. For this improved UEQM technique to be implemented, the STA (e.g., AP) performing modulation based on UEQM must define a behavior that allows it to accurately determine UEQM-related information.

[0009] This present disclosure proposes various signaling techniques related to improved MCS techniques and / or UEQM techniques.

[0010] Among the various examples of the present specification, a method related to the UEQM technique may involve a step of transmitting a first physical protocol data unit (PPDU) including an A-control (aggregated-control) field. For example, the A-control field may include information for requesting feedback related to UEQM (Unequal modulation).

[0011] For example, a method according to the present specification may involve receiving a second PPDU corresponding to the first PPDU. For example, the second PPDU may include feedback related to the UEQM. For example, the feedback related to the UEQM may include modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information applied to the first spatial stream (SS) and parameter information applied to the second spatial stream.

[0012] This specification proposes a method and device for transmitting feedback related to UEQM through the exchange of various frames. An STA (e.g., an AP) that determines parameters related to UEQM can obtain various information related to UEQM based on the technical features of this specification, thereby optimizing the parameters applied to UEQM. Accordingly, an example of this specification can solve the problem of imbalance in a specific spatial stream and achieve the advantageous effect of increasing the throughput of a wireless communication system.

[0013] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0014] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0015] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.

[0016] Figure 4 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-link (ML).

[0017] Figure 5 illustrates a PPDU transmitted / received by an STA of this specification.

[0018] Figure 6 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 20MHz PPDU.

[0019] Figure 7 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 40MHz PPDU.

[0020] Figure 8 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 80MHz PPDU.

[0021] Figure 9 shows the operation according to UL-MU.

[0022] Figure 10 shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 2.4 GHz band.

[0023] Figure 11 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 5 GHz band.

[0024] Figure 12 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 6 GHz band.

[0025] Figure 13 shows an example of a header of a MAC frame.

[0026] FIG. 14 illustrates a modified example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0027] Figures 15 and 16 are drawings illustrating an imbalance that occurs for at least one SS.

[0028] Figure 17 illustrates an example of a frame or PPDU being exchanged according to an example of this specification.

[0029] Figure 18 shows an example of a control field including an A-control field.

[0030] Figure 19 shows an example of multiple subfields included within the A-control field.

[0031] Figure 20 shows an example of frames being exchanged according to an example of this specification.

[0032] Figure 21 is an example of an ACK frame format including a UEQM feedback field.

[0033] Figure 22 shows an example of frames being exchanged according to an example of this specification.

[0034] Figure 23 illustrates a TRS control field according to an example of the present specification.

[0035] Figure 24 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to this specification.

[0036] Figure 25 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to this specification.

[0037] In this specification, “A or B” can mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” In other words, “A or B” in this specification can be interpreted as “A and / or B.” For example, “A, B or C” in this specification can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B, and C.”

[0038] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0039] In this specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in this specification, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0040] In addition, parentheses used in this specification may mean “for example”. Specifically, when it is indicated as “control information (UHR-Signal field)”, the “UHR-Signal field” may be proposed as an example of “control information”. In other words, the “control information” in this specification is not limited to the “UHR-Signal field”, and the “UHR-Signal field” may be proposed as an example of “control information”. In addition, even when it is indicated as “control information (UHR-Signal field)”, the “UHR-Signal field” may be proposed as an example of “control information”.

[0041] Additionally, as used herein, “a / an” can mean “at least one” or “one or more.” Additionally, terms ending in “(s)” can mean “at least one” or “one or more.”

[0042] Additionally, the expressions “based on” or “on the basis of” or “according to” used herein mean “based at least in part on” and not “based solely on.”

[0043] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0044] The following examples of this specification can be applied to various wireless communication systems. For example, the following examples of this specification can be applied to wireless local area network (WLAN) systems. For example, the present specification can be applied to the IEEE 802.11a / g / n / ac / ax / be / bn standards. In addition, the examples of this specification can be applied to the Ultra High Reliability (UHR) standard or the next-generation wireless LAN standard that enhances IEEE 802.11bn. In addition, the examples of this specification can be applied to mobile communication systems. For example, the examples of this specification can be applied to mobile communication systems based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) and its evolution based on the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard.

[0045] In order to explain the technical features of this specification, the technical features to which this specification can be applied are described below.

[0046] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0047] An example of FIG. 1 can perform various technical features described below. FIG. 1 relates to at least one STA (station). For example, the STA (110, 120) of the present specification may also be referred to by various names such as a mobile terminal, a wireless device, a Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU), a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Station (MS), a Mobile Subscriber Unit, or simply a user. The STA (110, 120) of the present specification may also be referred to by various names such as a network, a base station, a Node-B, an access point (AP), a repeater, a router, a relay, etc. The STA (110, 120) of the present specification may also be referred to by various names such as a receiving apparatus, a transmitting apparatus, a receiving STA, a transmitting STA, a receiving device, a transmitting device, etc.

[0048] For example, STA (110, 120) may perform the role of an AP (access point) or a non-AP role. That is, STA (110, 120) of the present specification may perform the functions of an AP and / or a non-AP. In the present specification, AP may also be indicated as an AP STA.

[0049] The STA (110, 120) of this specification can support various communication standards other than the IEEE 802.11 standard. For example, it can support communication standards according to the 3GPP standard (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR standard). In addition, the STA of this specification can be implemented in various devices such as a mobile phone, a vehicle, a personal computer, etc. In addition, the STA of this specification can support communication for various communication services such as voice calls, video calls, data communications, and autonomous driving (self-driving, autonomous-driving).

[0050] In this specification, STA (110, 120) may include a medium access control (MAC) and a physical layer interface for a wireless medium that follow the provisions of the IEEE 802.11 standard.

[0051] Based on the sub-drawing (a) of Fig. 1, STA (110, 120) is described as follows.

[0052] The first STA (110) may include a processor (111), a memory (112), and a transceiver (113). The illustrated processor, memory, and transceiver may each be implemented as separate chips, or at least two blocks / functions may be implemented through a single chip.

[0053] The transceiver (113) of the first STA performs signal transmission and reception operations. Specifically, it can transmit and receive IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.).

[0054] For example, the first STA (110) can perform the intended operation of the AP. For example, the processor (111) of the AP can receive a signal through the transceiver (113), process the received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission. The memory (112) of the AP can store a signal (e.g., a received signal) received through the transceiver (113) and store a signal (e.g., a transmitted signal) to be transmitted through the transceiver.

[0055] For example, the second STA (120) can perform the intended operation of a non-AP STA. For example, the transceiver (123) of the non-AP performs signal transmission and reception operations. Specifically, it can transmit and receive IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.).

[0056] For example, the processor (121) of the Non-AP STA can receive a signal through the transceiver (123), process the received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission. The memory (122) of the Non-AP STA can store a signal (e.g., a reception signal) received through the transceiver (123) and store a signal (e.g., a transmission signal) to be transmitted through the transceiver.

[0057] For example, in the specification below, the operation of a device indicated as AP may be performed in the first STA (110) or the second STA (120). For example, if the first STA (110) is an AP, the operation of the device indicated as AP may be controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (110), and a related signal may be transmitted or received through a transceiver (113) controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (110). In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or a transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory (112) of the first STA (110). In addition, when the second STA (110) is an AP, the operation of the device indicated as an AP is controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120), and a related signal can be transmitted or received through a transceiver (123) controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120). In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or the transmission / reception signal of the AP can be stored in the memory (122) of the second STA (110).

[0058] For example, in the specification below, the operation of a device indicated as a non-AP (or User-STA) may be performed in the STA (110) or the second STA (120). For example, if the second STA (120) is a non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as a non-AP may be controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120), and a related signal may be transmitted or received through a transceiver (123) controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120). In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or the transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory (122) of the second STA (120). For example, if the first STA (110) is a non-AP, the operation of a device indicated as a non-AP is controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (110), and a related signal may be transmitted or received through a transceiver (113) controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (120). In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or the transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory (112) of the first STA (110).

[0059] In the following specification, devices called (transmitting / receiving) STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmitting / receiving) Terminal, (transmitting / receiving) device, (transmitting / receiving) apparatus, network, etc. may refer to the STA (110, 120) of FIG. 1. For example, devices indicated as (transmitting / receiving) STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmitting / receiving) Terminal, (transmitting / receiving) device, (transmitting / receiving) apparatus, network, etc. without specific drawing symbols may also refer to the STA (110, 120) of FIG. 1. For example, in the example below, the operation of various STAs transmitting and receiving signals (e.g., PPPDU) may be performed by the transceiver (113, 123) of FIG. 1. In addition, in the example below, the operation of various STAs generating transmission and reception signals or performing data processing or calculations in advance for transmission and reception signals may be performed by the processor (111, 121) of FIG. 1.For example, an example of an operation that generates a transmission / reception signal or performs data processing or operation in advance for a transmission / reception signal may include 1) an operation of determining / obtaining / configuring / computing / decoding / encoding bit information of a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 2) an operation of determining / configuring / obtaining time resources or frequency resources (e.g., subcarrier resources) used for a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 3) an operation of determining / configuring / obtaining a specific sequence (e.g., a pilot sequence, an STF / LTF sequence, an extra sequence applied to SIG) used for a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 4) a power control operation and / or a power saving operation applied to an STA, 5) an operation related to determining / obtaining / configuring / computing / decoding / encoding an ACK signal, etc. Additionally, in the examples below, various information (e.g., information related to fields / subfields / control fields / parameters / power, etc.) used by various STAs for determining / acquiring / configuring / computing / decoding / encoding transmission / reception signals can be stored in the memory (112, 122) of FIG. 1.

[0060] The device / STA of the sub-drawing (a) of the above-described FIG. 1 can be modified as in the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1. Hereinafter, the STA (110, 120) of the present specification will be described based on the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1.

[0061] For example, the transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may perform the same function as the transceiver illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 described above. For example, the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may include a processor (111, 121) and a memory (112, 122). The processor (111, 121) and the memory (112, 122) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may perform the same function as the processor (111, 121) and the memory (112, 122) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 described above.

[0062] The mobile terminal, wireless device, Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU), User Equipment (UE), Mobile Station (MS), Mobile Subscriber Unit, user, user STA, network, Base Station, Node-B, Access Point (AP), repeater, router, relay, receiving device, transmitting device, receiving STA, transmitting STA, receiving Device, transmitting Device, receiving Apparatus, and / or transmitting Apparatus described below may refer to the STA (110, 120) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1, or may refer to the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1. That is, the technical feature of the present specification may be performed in the STA (110, 120) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1, or may be performed only in the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in the sub-drawings (b) of FIG. 1. For example, the technical feature that the transmitting STA transmits a control signal may be understood as a technical feature that the control signal generated in the processor (111, 121) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1 is transmitted through the transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the technical feature that the transmitting STA transmits a control signal may be understood as a technical feature that the control signal to be transmitted to the transceiver (113, 123) is generated in the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in the sub-drawings (b) of FIG. 1.

[0063] For example, the technical feature of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as a technical feature of a control signal being received by a transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the technical feature of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as a technical feature of a control signal received by a transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 being acquired by a processor (111, 121) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the technical feature of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as a technical feature of a control signal received by a transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 being acquired by a processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG.

[0064] Referring to the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1, software code (115, 125) may be included in the memory (112, 122). The software code (115, 125) may include instructions that control the operation of the processor (111, 121). The software code (115, 125) may be included in various programming languages.

[0065] The processor (111, 121) or processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in FIG. 1 may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, and / or a data processing device. The processor may be an application processor (AP). For example, the processor (111, 121) or processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in FIG. 1 may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modem (modulator and demodulator). For example, the processor (111, 121) or processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in FIG. 1 may be a SNAPDRAGON® series processor manufactured by Qualcomm®, an EXYNOS® series processor manufactured by Samsung®, an A series processor manufactured by Apple®, a HELIO® series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOM® series processor manufactured by INTEL®, or an enhanced processor thereof.

[0066] In this specification, uplink may mean a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an AP STA, and uplink PPDU / packet / signal, etc. may be transmitted through the uplink. In addition, in this specification, downlink may mean a link for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, and downlink PPDU / packet / signal, etc. may be transmitted through the downlink.

[0067] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0068] The upper part of Figure 2 shows the structure of the infrastructure BSS (basic service set) of IEEE (institute of electrical and electronic engineers) 802.11.

[0069] Referring to the top of FIG. 2, the wireless LAN system may include one or more infrastructure BSSs (200, 205) (hereinafter, BSS). The BSSs (200, 205) are a collection of APs and STAs, such as an access point (AP) 225 and a station (STA1, 200-1), that have successfully synchronized and can communicate with each other, and are not a concept that designates a specific area. The BSS (205) may also include one or more STAs (205-1, 205-2) that can be associated with one AP (230).

[0070] The BSS may include at least one STA, an AP (225, 230) providing a distribution service, and a distribution system (DS, 210) connecting multiple APs.

[0071] A distributed system (210) can connect multiple BSSs (200, 205) to implement an extended service set (ESS) 240. An ESS (240) can be used as a term to indicate a network formed by connecting one or more APs through the distributed system (210). APs included in a single ESS (240) can have the same SSID (service set identification).

[0072] The portal (portal, 220) can act as a bridge to connect a wireless LAN network (IEEE 802.11) to another network (e.g., 802.X).

[0073] In a BSS such as the upper part of Fig. 2, a network between APs (225, 230) and a network between APs (225, 230) and STAs (200-1, 205-1, 205-2) can be implemented. However, it may also be possible to establish a network and perform communication between STAs without an AP (225, 230). A network that establishes a network and performs communication between STAs without an AP (225, 230) is defined as an ad-hoc network or an independent basic service set (IBSS).

[0074] The bottom of Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing IBSS.

[0075] Referring to the bottom of Fig. 2, the IBSS is a BSS that operates in ad-hoc mode. Since the IBSS does not include an AP, there is no centralized management entity. That is, in the IBSS, the STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) are managed in a distributed manner. In the IBSS, all STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) can be mobile STAs, and access to the distributed system is not permitted, forming a self-contained network.

[0076] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.

[0077] In step S310, the STA may perform a network discovery operation. This network discovery operation may include scanning by the STA. That is, for the STA to access the network, it must find a network it can join. Before joining a wireless network, the STA must identify compatible networks. The process of identifying networks in a specific area is called scanning. Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning.

[0078] Figure 3 illustrates a network discovery operation that includes an active scanning process as an example. In active scanning, an STA performing scanning transmits a probe request frame to discover which APs exist in the vicinity while moving between channels and waits for a response. A responder transmits a probe response frame to the STA that transmitted the probe request frame in response to the probe request frame. Here, the responder may be the STA that last transmitted a beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned. In a BSS, the AP transmits the beacon frame, so the AP becomes the responder. In an IBSS, the STAs within the IBSS take turns transmitting beacon frames, so the responder is not constant. For example, an STA that transmits a probe request frame on channel 1 and receives a probe response frame on channel 1 can store BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame and move to the next channel (e.g., channel 2) to perform scanning (e.g., transmitting and receiving probe requests / responses on channel 2) in the same manner.

[0079] Although not shown in the example of FIG. 3, the scanning operation can also be performed in a passive scanning manner. An STA performing scanning based on passive scanning can wait for a beacon frame while moving between channels. A beacon frame is one of the management frames in IEEE 802.11. It announces the presence of a wireless network and is periodically transmitted so that the scanning STA can find the wireless network and participate in the wireless network. In the BSS, the AP periodically transmits the beacon frame, and in the IBSS, the STAs within the IBSS take turns transmitting the beacon frame. When the scanning STA receives a beacon frame, it stores the information about the BSS included in the beacon frame and moves to another channel, recording the beacon frame information on each channel. An STA that receives a beacon frame can store the BSS-related information included in the received beacon frame, move to the next channel, and perform scanning on the next channel in the same manner.

[0080] An STA that discovers a network can perform an authentication process through step S320. This authentication process may be referred to as the first authentication process to clearly distinguish it from the security setup operation of step S340 described below. The authentication process of S320 may include a process in which the STA transmits an authentication request frame to the AP, and the AP responds by transmitting an authentication response frame to the STA. The authentication frame used for the authentication request / response corresponds to a management frame.

[0081] The authentication frame may include information such as an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a Robust Security Network (RSN), and a Finite Cyclic Group.

[0082] An STA can transmit an authentication request frame to an AP. The AP can determine whether to grant authentication to the STA based on the information contained in the received authentication request frame. The AP can provide the result of the authentication process to the STA via an authentication response frame.

[0083] A successfully authenticated STA may perform an association process based on step S330. The association process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP, and the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA in response. For example, the association request frame may include information related to various capabilities, such as a beacon listen interval, a service set identifier (SSID), supported rates, supported channels, RSN, mobility domain, supported operating classes, a Traffic Indication Map Broadcast request, and interworking service capabilities. For example, the association response frame may contain information related to various capabilities, status codes, Association ID (AID), supported rates, Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameter sets, Received Channel Power Indicator (RCPI), Received Signal to Noise Indicator (RSNI), mobility domains, timeout interval (association comeback time), overlapping BSS scan parameters, TIM broadcast response, QoS maps, etc.

[0084] In step S340, the STA may perform a security setup process. The security setup process of step S340 may include, for example, a process of setting up a private key through a four-way handshaking using an Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame.

[0085] Figure 4 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-link (ML).

[0086] As illustrated in FIG. 4, multiple multi-link devices (MLDs) can communicate over a remote link. The MLDs can be categorized into AP MLDs including multiple AP STAs and non-AP MLDs including multiple non-AP STAs. That is, the AP MLD can include affiliated APs (e.g., AP STAs), and the non-AP MLD can include affiliated STAs (e.g., non-AP STAs, or user-STAs).

[0087] A multilink may include a first link and a second link, and different channels / subchannels / frequency resources may be allocated to the first and second links. The first and second multilinks may be identified through a link ID of 4 bits (or other n bits). The first and second links may be configured in the same 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz band. Alternatively, the first link and the second link may be configured in different bands.

[0088] The AP MLD of FIG. 4 includes three affiliated APs. In the example of FIG. 4, AP1 may operate in the 2.4 GHz band, AP2 may operate in the 5 GHz band, and AP3 may operate in the 6 GHz band. In the example of FIG. 4, the first link in which AP1 and non-AP1 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 2.4 GHz band. Furthermore, in the example of FIG. 4, the second link in which AP2 and non-AP2 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 5 GHz band. Furthermore, in the example of FIG. 4, the third link in which AP3 and non-AP3 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 6 GHz band.

[0089] In the example of FIG. 4, AP1 can initiate a multi-link setup procedure (ML setup procedure) by transmitting an Association Request frame to non-AP STA1. In the example of FIG. 4, non-AP STA1 can transmit an Association Response frame in response to the Association Request frame. Each AP (e.g., AP1 / 2 / 3) illustrated in FIG. 4 may be identical to the AP illustrated in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2, and each non-AP (e.g., non-AP1 / 2 / 3) illustrated in FIG. 4 may be identical to the STA (e.g., user-STA or non-AP STA) illustrated in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2.

[0090] The specific features of this specification are not limited to the specific features of FIG. 4. That is, the number of links can be defined in various ways, and multiple links can be defined in various ways within at least one band.

[0091] FIG. 5 illustrates a PPDU (physical protocol data unit or physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit) transmitted / received by an STA of this specification.

[0092] The STA (e.g., AP STA, non-AP STA, AP MLD, non-AP MLD) of the present specification can transmit and / or receive the PPDU of FIG. 5. The PPDU described in the present specification may have, for example, the structure of FIG. 5. In addition, the PPDU described in the present specification may be called by various names such as a transmission PPDU, a reception PPDU, a first type PPDU, or an Nth type PPDU, etc. The PPDU described in the present specification can be used in a WLAN system defined according to IEEE 802.11bn and / or a next-generation WLAN system that improves IEEE 802.11bn.

[0093] The PPDU of FIG. 5 may be related to various PPDU types used in a UHR system. For example, the example of FIG. 5 may be used for at least one of a single-user (SU) mode / type / transmission, a multi-user (MU) mode / type / transmission, and a null data packet (NDP) mode / type / transmission related to channel sounding. For example, if the example of FIG. 5 is related to NDP, the Data field illustrated may be omitted. If the PPDU of FIG. 5 is used for a trigger-based (TB) mode, the UHR-SIG of FIG. 5 may be omitted. In other words, an STA that has received a trigger frame for UL-MU (Uplink-MU) communication may transmit a PPDU with the UHR-SIG omitted in the example of FIG. 5.

[0094] In FIG. 5, L-STF or UHR-LTF may be called a preamble or physical preamble, and may be generated / transmitted / received / acquired / decoded in the physical layer (included in the transmitting / receiving STA).

[0095] Each block illustrated in Fig. 5 may be called a field / subfield / signal, etc. The names of these fields / subfields / signals may be, as illustrated in Fig. 5, L-STF (legacy short training field), L-LTF (legacy long training field), L-SIG (legacy signal), RL-SIG (repeated L-SIG), U-SIG (Universal Signal), UHR-SIG (UHR-signal), etc.

[0096] The subcarrier spacing of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and UHR-SIG fields in FIG. 5 may be set to 312.5 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing of the UHR-STF, UHR-LTF, and Data fields may be set to 78.125 kHz. That is, the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and UHR-SIG fields may be expressed in units of 312.5 kHz, and the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the UHR-STF, UHR-LTF, and Data fields may be expressed in units of 78.125 kHz.

[0097] In the PPDU of Fig. 5, L-LTF and L-STF may be identical to conventional fields (e.g., non-HT LTF and non-HT STF defined in conventional WLAN standards).

[0098] The L-SIG field of FIG. 5 may include, for example, 24 bits of bit information. For example, the 24 bits of information may include a 4 bit Rate field, a 1 bit Reserved bit, a 12 bit Length field, a 1 bit Parity bit, and a 6 bit Tail bit. For example, the 12 bit Length field may include information about the length or time duration of the PPDU. For example, the value of the 12 bit Length field may be determined based on the type of the PPDU. For example, if the PPDU is a non-HT (non-High Throughput), HT (High Throughput), VHT (Very High Throughput) PPDU, or an EHT (extremely high throughput) PPDU or UHR PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3. For example, if the PPDU is a HE PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as "a multiple of 3 + 1" or "a multiple of 3 + 2". In other words, for non-HT, HT, VHT PPDU, EHT PPDU, UHR PPDU, the value of the Length field can be determined as a multiple of 3, and for HE (High Efficiency) PPDU, the value of the Length field can be determined as "a multiple of 3 + 1" or "a multiple of 3 + 2". In other words, the Length field in an UHR PPDU is set to a value satisfying the condition that the remainder is zero when LENGTH is divided by 3.

[0099] For example, (non-AP and AP) STAs can apply BCC encoding based on a code rate of 1 / 2 to the 24 bits of information in the L-SIG field. Then, the transmitting STA can obtain 48 BCC coded bits. BPSK modulation can be applied to the 48 coded bits to generate 48 BPSK symbols. The transmitting STA can map the 48 BPSK symbols to positions excluding the pilot subcarriers {subcarrier index -21, -7, +7, +21} and the DC subcarrier {subcarrier index 0}. As a result, the 48 BPSK symbols can be mapped to subcarrier indices -26 to -22, -20 to -8, -6 to -1, +1 to +6, +8 to +20, and +22 to +26. The transmitting STA can additionally map the signal {-1, -1, -1, 1} to the subcarrier indices {-28, -27, +27, +28}. The above signal can be used for channel estimation for the frequency domain corresponding to {-28, -27, +27, +28}.

[0100] For example, (non-AP and AP) STA can generate RL-SIG, which is generated in the same manner as L-SIG. BPSK modulation can be applied to RL-SIG. Receiving (non-AP and AP) STA can determine whether the received PPDU is a HE PPDU, EHT PPDU, or UHR PPDU based on the presence of RL-SIG. In other words, if RL-SIG is present, receiving (non-AP and AP) STA can determine whether the received PPDU is one of HE PPDU, EHT PPDU, or UHR PPDU. In other words, if RL-SIG is not present, receiving (non-AP and AP) STA can determine whether the received PPDU is one of non-HT PPDU, HT PPDU, or VHT PPDU. In other words, the RL-SIG field is a repeat of the L-SIG field and is used to differentiate an UHR PPDU from a non-HT PPDU, HT PPDU, and VHT PPDU.

[0101] After the RL-SIG in Fig. 5, a U-SIG (Universal SIG) may be inserted. The U-SIG may be called by various names such as the first SIG field, the first SIG, the first type SIG, the control signal, the control signal field, the first (type) control signal, the common control field, and the common control signal.

[0102] A U-SIG can contain N bits of information and can include information for identifying the type of EHT PPDU. For example, a U-SIG can be formed based on two symbols (e.g., two consecutive OFDM symbols). Each symbol (e.g., an OFDM symbol) for a U-SIG can have a duration of 4 microseconds. Each symbol of a U-SIG can be used to transmit 26 bits of information. For example, each symbol of a U-SIG can be transmitted and received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.

[0103] For example, A bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) can be transmitted through U-SIG, and the first symbol of U-SIG can transmit the first X bits of information (e.g., 26 uncoded bits) out of the total A bit information, and the second symbol of U-SIG can transmit the remaining Y bits of information (e.g., 26 uncoded bits) out of the total A bit information. For example, the transmitting STA can obtain 26 uncoded bits included in each U-SIG symbol. The transmitting STA can perform convolutional encoding (e.g., BCC encoding) based on a rate of R=1 / 2 to generate 52 coded bits, and perform interleaving on the 52 coded bits. The transmitting STA can perform BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52 coded bits to generate 52 BPSK symbols allocated to each U-SIG symbol. A single U-SIG symbol can be transmitted based on 56 tones (subcarriers) from subcarrier index -28 to subcarrier index +28, excluding DC index 0. The 52 BPSK symbols generated by the transmitting STA can be transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers) excluding the pilot tones -21, -7, +7, and +21.

[0104] For example, A bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) transmitted by U-SIG may include a CRC field (e.g., a 4-bit long field) and a tail field (e.g., a 6-bit long field). The CRC field and the tail field may be transmitted through the second symbol of the U-SIG. The CRC field may be generated based on 26 bits allocated to the first symbol of the U-SIG and the remaining 16 bits excluding the CRC / tail field within the second symbol, and may be generated based on a conventional CRC calculation algorithm. In addition, the tail field may be used to terminate the trellis of the convolutional decoder and may be set to, for example, "000000".

[0105] The A bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) transmitted by the U-SIG (or U-SIG field) can be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits. For example, the size of the version-independent bits can be fixed or variable. For example, the version-independent bits can be assigned only to the first symbol of the U-SIG, or the version-independent bits can be assigned to both the first symbol and the second symbol of the U-SIG. For example, the version-independent bits and the version-dependent bits can be called by various names, such as the first control bit and the second control bit.

[0106] For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a 3-bit PHY version identifier. For example, the 3-bit PHY version identifier may include information related to the PHY version of the transmitted and received PPDU. For example, a first value (e.g., a value of 000) of the 3-bit PHY version identifier may indicate that the transmitted and received PPDU is an EHT PPDU. In addition, a second value (e.g., a value of 001) of the 3-bit PHY version identifier may indicate that the transmitted and received PPDU is an UHR PPDU.

[0107] In other words, when the (AP / non-AP) STA transmits an EHT PPDU, it can set the 3-bit PHY version identifier to the first value. In other words, the receiving (AP / non-AP) STA can determine that the received PPDU is an EHT PPDU based on the PHY version identifier having the first value, and can determine that the received PPDU is an UHR PPDU based on the PHY version identifier having the second value.

[0108] For example, the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL / DL flag field. The first value of the 1-bit UL / DL flag field relates to UL communication, and the second value of the UL / DL flag field relates to DL communication.

[0109] For example, the version-independent bits of U-SIG may contain information about the length of the TXOP and information about the BSS color ID.

[0110] For example, if a UHR PPDU is classified into various types (e.g., a type related to SU transmission (performed based on UL or DL), a type related to DL transmission, a type related to NDP transmission, a type related to DL non-MU-MIMO, a type related to DL MU-MIMO, a type related to Multi-AP operation, a type related to CBF (Coordinated beamforming), SR (Spatial Reuse), a type related to C-OFDMA (Coordinated OFDMA), a type related to C-TDMA (Coordinated TDMA)), information about the type of the EHT PPDU (e.g., 2-bit or 3-bit information) can be included in the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG.

[0111] For example, U-SIG may include 1) a bandwidth field including information about bandwidth, 2) a field including information about a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) technique applied to UHR-SIG, 3) an indication field including information about whether a dual subcarrier modulation (DCM) technique is applied to UHR-SIG, 4) a field including information about the number of symbols used for UHR-SIG, 5) a field including information about whether UHR-SIG is generated over the entire band, 6) a field including information about the type of UHR-LTF / STF, and 7) a field indicating the length of UHR-LTF and the CP length.

[0112] Preamble puncturing may be applied to the PPDU of FIG. 5. Preamble puncturing refers to applying puncturing to a portion of the entire bandwidth of the PPDU (e.g., the secondary 20 MHz band). For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is transmitted, the STA applies puncturing to the secondary 20 MHz band within the 80 MHz band, and can transmit the PPDU only through the primary 20 MHz band and the secondary 40 MHz band.

[0113] For example, the pattern of preamble puncturing can be preset. For example, when the first puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing can be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the second puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing can be applied only to one of the two secondary 20 MHz bands included in the secondary 40 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the third puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing can be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band). For example, when the fourth puncturing pattern is applied, a primary 40 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band) may be present, and puncturing may be applied to at least one 20 MHz channel that does not belong to the primary 40 MHz band.

[0114] Information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU may be included in the U-SIG and / or UHR-SIG. For example, the first field of the U-SIG may include information regarding the contiguous bandwidth of the PPDU, and the second field of the U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU.

[0115] For example, U-SIG and UHR-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing based on the following method. If the bandwidth of the PPDU exceeds 80 MHz, the U-SIGs may be individually configured in units of 80 MHz. For example, if the bandwidth of the PPDU is 160 MHz, the PPDU may include a first U-SIG for the first 80 MHz band and a second U-SIG for the second 80 MHz band. In this case, the first field of the first U-SIG may include information regarding the 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the first U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (e.g., information regarding a preamble puncturing pattern). Additionally, the first field of the second U-SIG may include information regarding a 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the second U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (e.g., information regarding a preamble puncturing pattern). Meanwhile, the UHR-SIG consecutive to the first U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (e.g., information regarding a preamble puncturing pattern), and the UHR-SIG consecutive to the second U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (e.g., information regarding a preamble puncturing pattern).

[0116] Additionally or alternatively, U-SIG and UHR-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing based on the following methods. U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing for all bands (e.g., information regarding preamble puncturing patterns). That is, UHR-SIG may not include information regarding preamble puncturing, and only U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing (e.g., information regarding preamble puncturing patterns).

[0117] U-SIGs can be configured in 20 MHz units. For example, if an 80 MHz PPDU is configured, U-SIGs can be duplicated. That is, four identical U-SIGs can be included within an 80 MHz PPDU. PPDUs exceeding the 80 MHz bandwidth can contain different U-SIGs.

[0118] The UHR-SIG of FIG. 5 may include control information for a receiving STA. The UHR-SIG may be transmitted via at least one symbol, and each symbol may have a length of 4 us. Information regarding the number of symbols used for the UHR-SIG may be included in the U-SIG.

[0119] UHR-SIG provides additional signals to the U-SIG field to enable STAs to interpret / decode UHR PPDUs. The UHR-SIG field may contain U-SIG overflow bits that are common to all users. The UHR-SIG field also contains resource allocation information, allowing STAs to look up resources used in fields containing data fields / UHR-STF / UHR-LTF (e.g., UHR modulated fields of an UHR PPDU).

[0120] The frequency resources of the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and data fields illustrated in FIG. 5 can be determined based on RUs (resource units) defined by multiple subcarriers / tones. That is, the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and data fields of this specification can be transmitted / received through RUs (resource units) defined by multiple subcarriers / tones.

[0121] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the layout of resource units (RUs) used for a 20 MHz PPDU. That is, the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and / or data fields included in the 20 MHz PPDU can be transmitted / received through at least one of the various RUs defined in FIG. 6.

[0122] As shown at the top of Fig. 6, 26 units (e.g., units corresponding to 26 tones) may be arranged. Six tones may be used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 20 MHz band, and five tones may be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 20 MHz band. In addition, seven DC tones may be inserted in the center band, i.e., the DC band, and 26 units corresponding to 13 tones may exist on each side of the DC band. In addition, 26 units, 52 units, and 106 units may be allocated to other bands. Each unit may be allocated for a receiving station, i.e., a user.

[0123] Meanwhile, the RU arrangement of FIG. 6 is utilized not only in a situation for multiple users (MUs) but also in a situation for a single user (SU), in which case it is possible to use one 242-unit as shown at the bottom of FIG. 4, in which case three DC tones can be inserted.

[0124] In the example of Fig. 6, RUs of various sizes, such as 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, and 242-RU, are proposed. Since the specific sizes of these RUs can be expanded or increased, the present embodiment is not limited to the specific sizes of each RU (e.g., the number of corresponding tones). In this specification, N-RU may be represented as N-tone RU, etc. For example, 26-RU may be represented as 26-tone RU.

[0125] Figure 7 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 40MHz PPDU.

[0126] As in the example of Fig. 6 where RUs of various sizes were used, the example of Fig. 7 can also use 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, etc. In addition, 5 DC tones can be inserted at the center frequency, 12 tones can be used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 40 MHz band, and 11 tones can be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 40 MHz band.

[0127] Additionally, as illustrated, 484 RUs may be used when used for a single user. Meanwhile, the specific number of RUs may be changed, as in the example of FIG. 6.

[0128] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating the layout of resource units (RUs) used for an 80MHz PPDU. The layout of resource units (RUs) used in this specification may vary. For example, the layout of resource units (RUs) used in the 80MHz band may vary.

[0129] Figure 9 illustrates an operation according to UL-MU. As illustrated, a transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can acquire a TXOP (925) by performing channel access through contending (e.g., backoff operation) and transmit a trigger frame (930). That is, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can transmit a PPDU including a trigger frame (930). When a PPDU including a trigger frame is received, a TB (trigger-based) PPDU is transmitted after a delay of SIFS.

[0130] TB PPDUs (941, 942) are transmitted at the same time and can be transmitted from multiple STAs (e.g., User STAs) whose AIDs are indicated in the Trigger frame (930). The ACK frame (950) for the TB PPDU can be implemented in various forms. For example, the ACK frame (950) for the TB PPDU can be implemented in the form of a BA (block ACK).

[0131] In FIG. 9, transmission(s) of a Trigger Frame (930), TB PPDU (941, 942) and / or ACK frame (950) can be performed within a TXOP (925).

[0132] Figure 10 shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 2.4 GHz band.

[0133] The 2.4 GHz band may be referred to by other names, such as the first band (band). Furthermore, the 2.4 GHz band may refer to a frequency range in which channels with a center frequency adjacent to 2.4 GHz (e.g., channels with a center frequency between 2.4 and 2.5 GHz) are used / supported / defined.

[0134] The 2.4 GHz band may include multiple 20 MHz channels. The 20 MHz within the 2.4 GHz band may have multiple channel indices (e.g., indices 1 through 14). For example, the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel assigned channel index 1 may be 2.412 GHz, the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel assigned channel index 2 may be 2.417 GHz, and the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel assigned channel index N may be (2.407 + 0.005*N) GHz. The channel indices may be referred to by various names, such as channel numbers. The specific numerical values ​​of the channel indices and center frequencies may change.

[0135] Figure 10 exemplarily illustrates four channels within the 2.4 GHz band. The illustrated first frequency region (1010) to fourth frequency region (1040) may each include one channel. For example, the first frequency region (1010) may include channel 1 (a 20 MHz channel having an index of 1). In this case, the center frequency of channel 1 may be set to 2412 MHz. The second frequency region (1020) may include channel 6. In this case, the center frequency of channel 6 may be set to 2437 MHz. The third frequency region (1030) may include channel 11. In this case, the center frequency of channel 11 may be set to 2462 MHz. The fourth frequency region (1040) may include channel 14. In this case, the center frequency of channel 14 may be set to 2484 MHz.

[0136] Figure 11 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 5 GHz band.

[0137] The 5 GHz band may be referred to by other names, such as a second band / band, etc. The 5 GHz band may refer to a frequency range in which channels with center frequencies greater than or equal to 5 GHz and less than 6 GHz (or less than 5.9 GHz) are used / supported / defined. Alternatively, the 5 GHz band may include multiple channels between 4.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz. The specific figures shown in FIG. 11 are subject to change.

[0138] Multiple channels within the 5 GHz band include Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII)-1, UNII-2, UNII-3, and ISM. UNII-1 may be referred to as UNII Low. UNII-2 may include frequency ranges called UNII Mid and UNII-2Extended. UNII-3 may be referred to as UNII-Upper.

[0139] Within the 5 GHz band, multiple channels can be configured, and the bandwidth of each channel can be variously configured, such as 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz. For example, the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range within UNII-1 and UNII-2 can be divided into eight 20 MHz channels. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into four channels through a 40 MHz frequency domain. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into two channels through an 80 MHz frequency domain. Alternatively, the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into one channel through a 160 MHz frequency domain.

[0140] Figure 12 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 6 GHz band.

[0141] The 6 GHz band may also be referred to by other names, such as the third band / band. The 6 GHz band may refer to the frequency range in which channels with center frequencies above 5.9 GHz are used, supported, or defined. The specific figures shown in Figure 12 are subject to change.

[0142] For example, the 20 MHz channel of FIG. 12 can be defined from 5.940 GHz. Specifically, the leftmost channel among the 20 MHz channels of FIG. 12 can have an index of 1 (or channel index, channel number, etc.), and a center frequency of 5.945 GHz can be assigned. That is, the center frequency of the indexed channel N can be determined as (5.940 + 0.005*N) GHz.

[0143] Accordingly, the indexes (or channel numbers) of the 20 MHz channels of FIG. 12 are 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 97, 101, 105, 109, 113, 117, 121, 125, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165, 169, 173, 177, 181, 185, 189, 193, It can be 197, 201, 205, 209, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229, 233. Also, according to the (5.940 + 0.005*N) GHz rule mentioned above, the indices of the 40 MHz channels in Fig. 12 can be 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, 43, 51, 59, 67, 75, 83, 91, 99, 107, 115, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, 179, 187, 195, 203, 211, 219, 227.

[0144] Below, the structure and types / subtypes of MAC frames are described.

[0145] Fig. 13 illustrates an example of a header of a MAC frame. As illustrated, the MAC frame may include a frame control field / information of 2 octets in length, a duration field / information of 2 octets in length, a RA (Receiver Address) field / information of 6 octets in length, and a TA (Transmitter Address) field / information of 6 octets in length. As illustrated in Fig. 13, the four fields may be consecutive to each other. The MAC header of Fig. 13 may be modified in various ways, and a new field may be inserted between the four illustrated fields, or at least one of the illustrated fields may be omitted.

[0146] The MAC header illustrated in Fig. 13 may be positioned at the very front of a MAC frame. That is, the MAC frame may include a MAC header as illustrated in Fig. 13 and MAC body fields / information subsequent to the MAC header. The MAC frame including the MAC header of Fig. 13 is inserted / included in the data field of the PPDU (e.g., UHR PPDU) illustrated in Fig. 5.

[0147] The MAC frames included in the data field of the PPDU of this specification can be classified into various types. For example, the MAC frames of this specification can be classified into control frames, management frames, and data frames.

[0148] For example, the management frame includes Association Request, Association Response, Reassociation Request, Reassociation Response, Probe Request, Probe Response, Beacon, Disassociation, Authentication, and Deauthentication frames / signals defined in conventional WLAN. For the management frame, the values ​​of the type fields (B3 and B2) in FIG. 13 are set to 00. In addition, the values ​​of the subtype fields (B7, B6, B5, B4) in FIG. 13 are as follows: Association Request (0000), Association Response (0001), Reassociation Request (0010), Reassociation Response (0011), Probe Request (0100), Probe Response (0101), Beacon (1000), Disassociation (1010), Authentication (1011), Deauthentication (1100).

[0149] For example, the control frame includes Trigger Beamforming Report Poll, NDP Announcement (NDPA), Control Frame Extension, Control Wrapper, Block Ack Request (BlockAckReq), Block Ack (BlockAck), PS-Poll, RTS, CTS, Ack, and CF-End frames / signals defined in conventional WLAN. For the control frame, the value of the type field (B3 and B2) in FIG. 13 is set to 01. Also, the values ​​of the subtype fields (B7, B6, B5, B4) of FIG. 13 are as follows: Trigger (0010), Beamforming Report Poll (0100), NDP Announcement (0101), Control Frame Extension (0110), Control Wrapper (0111), BlockAckReq (1000), BlockAck (1001), PS-Poll (1010), RTS (1011), CTS (1100), Ack (1101), CF-End (1110).

[0150] For example, the data frame includes (QoS) Data, (QoS) Null, etc. defined in conventional WLAN. For the management frame, the value of the type field (B3 and B2) of Fig. 13 is set to 10.

[0151] The MAC frame / signal used in this specification can be identified through the type field / information and subtype field / information described above. For example, the “trigger frame” in this specification can mean a MAC frame in which the type bits B3 and B2 bits in the frame control field of the MAC header are set to 01, and the subtype bits B7, B6, B5, B4 bits in the frame control field are also set to 0010. Various MAC frames described in this specification are inserted / included in the data fields of various PPDUs (e.g., HE / VHT / HE / EHT / UHR PPDUs).

[0152] FIG. 14 illustrates a modified example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0153] The devices (e.g., AP STA, non-AP STA) illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4 may be modified as illustrated in FIG. 14. The transceiver (630) of FIG. 14 may be identical to the transceivers (113, 123) of FIG. 1. The transceiver (630) of FIG. 14 may include a receiver and a transmitter.

[0154] The processor (610) of FIG. 14 may be identical to the processor (111, 121) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the processor (610) of FIG. 14 may be identical to the processing chip (114, 124) of FIG. 1.

[0155] The memory (150) of FIG. 14 may be the same as the memory (112, 122) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the memory (150) of FIG. 14 may be a separate external memory different from the memory (112, 122) of FIG. 1.

[0156] Referring to FIG. 14, a power management module (611) manages power to a processor (610) and / or a transceiver (630). A battery (612) supplies power to the power management module (611). A display (613) outputs results processed by the processor (610). A keypad (614) receives input to be used by the processor (610). The keypad (614) may be displayed on the display (613). A SIM card (615) may be an integrated circuit used to securely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) and an associated key used to identify and authenticate a subscriber in a mobile phone device, such as a mobile phone or computer.

[0157] Referring to FIG. 14, the speaker (640) can output sound-related results processed by the processor (610). The microphone (641) can receive sound-related input to be used by the processor (610).

[0158] Next Wi-Fi (beyond 11be) aims to support ultra-high reliability (UHR) when transmitting signals to STAs. To support this UHR, various technologies are being considered, including high throughput, low latency, and extended range. To achieve this, additional MCS may be considered to improve throughput by increasing spectral efficiency during signal transmission and reception. Additionally or alternatively, unequal modulation (UEQM) technology may be considered. UEQM technology is a technology that considers SNR imbalance across two or more spatial streams (SSs) during MIMO / beamforming transmission. For example, UEQM technology can refer to a technique that utilizes different modulations (e.g., different constellation mappings) for each SS.

[0159] For example, this specification may propose various technical features related to UEQM technology. Such UEQM technology may be used together with an enhanced / improved MCS set proposed in this specification. Additionally or alternatively, the MCS set proposed in this specification may be used independently of the UEQM technology. That is, the technical operations related to the MCS set of this specification may operate independently of the UEQM technology, and the operations related to the UEQM technology of this specification may operate independently of the MCS set proposed in this specification.

[0160] Below, UEQM technology is described.

[0161] For example, in MIMO / Beamforming transmission, since a signal is transmitted using a beamforming matrix formed based on singular value decomposition (SVD), when transmitting a signal using multiple spatial streams (SS), the MIMO gain or SNR may be concentrated on a limited number of SSs, including the first SS (e.g., the 1st SS). In other words, an imbalance may occur in which the MIMO gain or SNR is concentrated only on at least one SS (or some SSs) including the first SS.

[0162] Below, we explain the imbalance that occurs for a specific SS (e.g., some SS including the first SS) based on channel information formed based on SVD.

[0163]

[0164] The singular values ​​(e.g., singular values) of the diagonal matrix of mathematical expression 1 are arranged in descending order of non-zero values. Therefore, when using multiple spatial streams (SS) in this way, a difference in SNR occurs between the SS (spatial streams).

[0165] Figures 15 and 16 are diagrams illustrating an imbalance occurring for at least one SS. The examples in Figures 15 and 16 relate to the SNR difference between the first SS (1st SS) and the remaining SSs (e.g., 2nd / 3rd / 4th SS) when using two SSs or four SSs at 80 MHz.

[0166] For example, as illustrated in Fig. 15, when Nss (i.e., Number of SS) is 2, the range of the SNR gap between the first SS and the second SS is 7 to 15 dB, and the median value is approximately 10 dB. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 16, when Nss is 4, it can be seen that the second SS has a difference of approximately 5 dB, the third SS has a difference of 11 dB, and the fourth SS has a difference of 18 dB based on the median value.

[0167] When MIMO / beamforming transmission based on multiple SSs is performed as described above, it can be confirmed that an SNR gap occurs between SSs (spatial streams). Since each SS has a different SNR, when transmitting a signal by applying the same MCS during MIMO / beamforming transmission, the signal transmission efficiency may decrease due to the SNR gap. Therefore, it is technically advantageous to consider the SNR gap for each SS during MIMO or beamforming transmission and apply different modulations suitable for the SNR of each SS. In other words, by applying UEQM, it is possible to apply modulations suitable for the individual SNRs of SSs (spatial streams), and based on this, signal transmission efficiency and throughput can be improved.

[0168] For example, UEQM in this specification means applying a first MCS technique to a first SS and applying a second MCS technique to a second SS. For example, the first MCS technique may be the same as or different from the second MCS technique. In other words, MCS techniques applied to different SSs can be individually set. For example, a plurality of MCS techniques related to UEQM (e.g., the first MCS technique and the second MCS technique) can be configured / set based on the same code rate. For example, a plurality of MCS techniques related to UEQM (e.g., the first MCS technique and the second MCS technique) can be based on a constellation mapping technique / technology that is based on the same code rate, but is individually set.

[0169] In other words, when applying different modulations to different SSs (e.g., applying the first MCS technique to the first SS and the second MCS technique to the second SS), the code rate can be fixed to the same value as described above to reduce implementation complexity without requiring an additional encoder. Accordingly, multiple MCS techniques (e.g., the first MCS technique and the second MCS technique) can be based on the same code rate, but can apply modulations (i.e., constellation mapping techniques / techniques) that are individually set.

[0170] For example, the UEQM described below can be used for SU / MU transmission (or reception), SU-MIMO / MU-MIMO / non-MU-MIMO transmission (or reception), and OFDMA / non-OFDMA transmission (or reception). Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM described below can be applied to RUs of various sizes (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242 / 484 / 996 / n*996-tone RUs). For example, the UEQM described below can be applied to RRUs (regular RUs), DRUs (distributed RUs), and / or MRUs (e.g., small / large size MRUs).

[0171] For example, a new set of MCS parameters (or indices / levels) can be defined with respect to the UEQM of this specification (or independently of the UEQM). For example, a new combination of code rate and modulation (i.e., constellation mapping) that was not previously applied can be defined, as follows.

[0172] For example, with respect to the UEQM of this specification, the MCS parameter set based on code rate 1 / 2 may be at least one of the following MCS parameters.

[0173] 1A parameter: 1 / 2 + 64 QAM

[0174] 2A parameter: 1 / 2 + 256 QAM

[0175] 3A parameter: 1 / 2 + 1024 QAM

[0176] 4A parameter: 1 / 2 + 4096 QAM

[0177] For example, with respect to the UEQM of this specification, a set of MCS parameters based on code rate 2 / 3 may be at least one of the following MCS parameters.

[0178] 1B parameter: 2 / 3 + QPSK

[0179] 2B parameter: 2 / 3 + 16 QAM

[0180] 3B parameter: 2 / 3 + 256 QAM

[0181] 4B parameter: 2 / 3 + 1024 QAM

[0182] Parameter 5B: 2 / 3 + 4096 QAM

[0183] For example, with respect to the UEQM of this specification, the MCS parameter set based on code rate 5 / 6 may be at least one of the following MCS parameters.

[0184] 1C parameter: 5 / 6 + 16 QAM

[0185] The various parameters described above can be used for UEQM. Additionally or alternatively, the various parameters described above can be used independently of UEQM. For example, at least one of the various MCS parameters described above can be allocated / used for a single SS (spatial stream) in relation to SU / OFDMA transmission / reception.

[0186] Among the various MCS parameters described above, it is also possible to utilize only some of the MCS parameters considering throughput gain and spectral efficiency. For example, the following four MCS parameters can be additionally used in the IEEE 802.11bn system (or UHR system). Additionally or alternatively, the following four MCS parameters can also be additionally used in the next-generation WLAN / WIFI system that further improves the IEEE 802.11bn system. The following four MCS parameters can be called by various names such as extended / enhanced / improved / UHR-MCS parameter / index, etc. The number of extended MCS parameters can be four or more.

[0187] Additionally or alternatively, examples of Extended MCS parameters proposed in the present specification may be QPSK-2 / 3, 16QAM-2 / 3, 16QAM-5 / 6, 256QAM-2 / 3. In addition to the 16 MCS parameters (MCS0 to MCS15 in Table 1 below) proposed in conventional wireless LAN standards, four Extended MCS parameters of the present specification are represented in a table as follows. Additionally or alternatively, Modulation related to MCS parameters / indexes / levels in Table 1 below and the present specification may mean constellation mapping, and may mean, for example, BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, 1024QAM, and / or 4096QAM. Additionally or alternatively, in Table 1 below and in the present specification, code rate represents the ratio of the actual information bit length k to the encoded codeword length n, and may be expressed as, for example, k / n, and may mean, for example, 1 / 2, 3 / 4, 2 / 3, and / or 5 / 6.

[0188] MCS indexModulationCode rateMCS0BPSK1 / 2MCS1QPSK1 / 2MCS2QPSK3 / 4MCS316QAM1 / 2MCS416QAM3 / 4MCS564QAM2 / 3MCS664QAM3 / 4MCS764QAM5 / 6MCS8256QAM3 / 4MCS9256QAM5 / 6MCS101024QAM 3 / 4MCS111024QAM5 / 6MCS124096QAM3 / 4MCS134096QAM5 / 6MCS14BPSK-DCM+DUP1 / 2MCS15BPSK-DCM1 / 2MCS16QPSK2 / 3MCS1716QAM2 / 3MCS1816QAM5 / 6MCS19256QAM2 / 3

[0189] The four newly proposed MCS parameters compared to the conventional ones are represented as MCS16 to MCS19 in Table 1. However, the order of the various MCS parameters represented in Table 1 may be changed in consideration of various factors such as data rate and / or throughput. In particular, MCS16 to MCS 19 may have new indices.

[0190] Below, UEQM technology / transmission is described in relation to MCS parameters.

[0191] For example, UEQM transmission can be considered when NSS is 1, 2, 3, or 4. Additionally, the number of NSS can be varied in general. UEQM transmission can support different numbers of NSS for DL ​​transmission and UL transmission. For example, UEQM related to DL can support up to 4 NSS, UEQM related to UL can support up to 2 / 3 / 4 NSS. For example, UEQM related to DL can support up to 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 NSS, UEQM related to UL can support up to 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 NSS.

[0192] For example, Table 2 below relates to UEQM supporting up to 4 NSSs. For example, if 2 NSSs are supported, a modulation (e.g., constellation mapping) indicated by M may be applied to the first SS as shown in the table below. In this case, a modulation (e.g., constellation mapping) indicated by M-1 or M-2 may be applied to the second SS.

[0193] For example, if three NSSs are supported, a modulation (e.g., constellation mapping) indicated by M may be applied to the first SS, as shown in the table below. In this case, a modulation (e.g., constellation mapping) indicated by M or M-1 may be applied to the second SS. In this case, a modulation (e.g., constellation mapping) indicated by M-1 or M-2 may be applied to the third SS.

[0194] For example, if up to 4 Nss are supported, the modulation for the 1st / 2nd / 3rd / 4th SS can be set / configured based on M, M-1, and M-2 in the manner shown in Table 2 below based on the above-described method.

[0195] Total Nss1st ss2nd ss3rd ss4th ss2ssMM-1 MM-2 3ssMMM-1 MMM-2 MM-1M-2 4ssMMMM-1MMMM-2MMM-1M-2

[0196] Applying individual constellations to different SSs, as described above, can be called UEQM. For example, when UEQM is applied, the constellations (or constellation indices / parameters) applied to different SSs can be identical. However, even when UEQM is applied, it is desirable for the code rates applied to different SSs to be identical.

[0197] With respect to the above UEQM pattern field, the M is a constellation index indicated by a separate MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field included in a SIG field or a Trigger frame, etc.), and the M-1 may be a constellation that is one order lower than M, and the M-2 may be a constellation that is two orders lower than M. For example, if M is 4096QAM, M-1 may mean 1024QAM, and M-2 may mean 256QAM. For example, if M is 1024QAM, M-1 may mean 256QAM, and M-2 may mean 64QAM. For example, if M is 256QAM, M-1 may mean 64QAM, and M-2 may mean 16QAM. For example, M could mean 16QAM, M-1 could mean QPSK, and M-2 could mean BPSK. For example, if M is QPSK, M-1 could mean BPSK.

[0198] Additionally or alternatively, M in the present specification and / or Table 2 above may be a constellation index / parameter greater than or equal to 16QAM and less than or equal to 1024QAM (or 4096 QAM).

[0199] For example, in order to efficiently perform UEQM using the new MCS as described above, modulation information according to spatial stream may be required during MIMO / beamforming transmission. For example, a frame exchange method may be required to efficiently transmit and receive information about SNR or modulation according to SS during UEQM transmission.

[0200] Technical Features 1.

[0201] This specification proposes an example of exchanging DL PPDU and UL PPDU related to UEQM. In other words, a frame exchange method related to UEQM and a device supporting the same are proposed. The exchanged frame (or PPDU) may include information for UEQM. For example, a DL PPDU may include information for requesting feedback related to UEQM (e.g., UEQM feedback request). For example, the feedback related to UEQM may be generated by a non-AP STA (or non-AP MLD). For example, a device requesting feedback related to UEQM may be an AP (or AP MLD). For example, a UL PPDU may include feedback related to UEQM (e.g., UEQM feedback response).

[0202] Fig. 17 illustrates an example of a frame or PPDU exchange according to an example of the present specification. The illustrated DL PPDU (1710) may include a UEQM feedback request. In other words, the DL PPDU (1710) may include information for requesting feedback related to UEQM (e.g., UEQM feedback request). For example, information for requesting feedback related to UEQM (e.g., UEQM feedback request) may be included in the UEQM control field (1720) of Fig. 17. The UEQM control field (1720) may be configured in various ways, and may be configured, for example, through an A-control field.

[0203] An STA (e.g., non-AP STA) that receives a DL PPDU (1710) may transmit a UL PPDU (1750). The UL PPDU (1750) may include feedback related to UEQM (e.g., UEQM feedback response). For example, the feedback related to UEQM (e.g., UEQM feedback response) may be included in the UEQM feedback field (1760) of FIG. 17. The UEQM feedback field (1760) may be configured in various ways, and may be configured, for example, through an A-control field.

[0204] The duration between the DL PPDU (1710) and the UL PPDU (1750) can be set in various ways, and for example, can be set to SIFS (short IFS) as shown in FIG. 17. The DL PPDU (1710) and the UL PPDU (1750) can be modified in various ways, and accordingly, the DL PPDU (1710) can be changed to various names such as n-th PPDU or TX PPDU, and the UL PPDU (1750) can be changed to various names such as n-th PPDU or RX PPDU.

[0205] The above DL PPDU (1710) may be applied with either the UEQM technique or the EQM technique. Through the exchange of the DL PPDU (1710) and the UL PPDU (1750), the AP (or the first STA) can determine / determine information about the UEQM to be applied in the future. In other words, the AP can request information necessary for the UEQM through the DL PPDU (1710) and receive feedback related to the UEQM through the UL PPDU (1720) received from a non-AP (or the second STA). The received feedback related to the UEQM may include MCS information applied to the first spatial stream (1st SS) and / or various parameter information. The AP can determine / determine information about the UEQM to be applied in the future based on the received information.

[0206] Below, the A-control (aggregated control) field is described.

[0207] Figure 18 illustrates an example of a control field that includes an A-control field. The example in Figure 18 may be an HT-control field. The example in Figure 18 may be included in a 4-octet long HT control field included in the MAC header of a control frame (or data frame).

[0208] As illustrated in Fig. 18, on a control field (e.g., HT-control) consisting of bits B0 to B31, an A-control field may be included on bits B2 to B31.

[0209] Fig. 19 illustrates an example of a plurality of subfields included in an A-control field. The example of Fig. 19 may correspond to bits B2 to B31 of Fig. 18 (e.g., the A-control field illustrated in Fig. 18). As illustrated in Fig. 19, a control list subfield and subsequent padding may be defined. The control list subfield of Fig. 19 may include at least one Control subfield. In other words, the control list subfield of Fig. 19 may include a Control ID subfield of 4 bits in length and a control information subfield. The control information subfield may include at least one Control subfield.

[0210] Technical Features 2.

[0211] For example, in order to transmit information for UEQM during DL transmission, the A-control field for UEQM may be included in the DL PPDU (1710). For example, the A-control field transmitted in a PPDU (e.g., DL PPDU (1710)) transmitted using UEQM may be defined as follows.

[0212] For example, the A-control field for UEQM can be defined as follows. For example, the A-control field related to UEQM is a newly defined field and can be called by various names such as UEQM control field (e.g., UEQM control field (1720) of FIG. 17). In order to distinguish the new A-control field related to UEQM from the conventional A-control field, the Control ID subfield of FIG. 19 (e.g., a field of 4 bits in length) can have at least one value from 10 to 14. More specifically, the Control ID subfield can be set to 10, in which case the field can be defined as a UEQM control field.

[0213] Technical Features 3.

[0214] The newly defined UEQM control field (e.g., UEQM control field (1720) of FIG. 17) may include at least one of the following various information fields. Specifically, as described below, at least one of the first information - UEQM feedback request or response, the second information - BW, the third information - Nss, the fourth information - Spatial stream information, and the fifth information - RA may be included in the UEQM control field (e.g., UEQM control field (1720) of FIG. 17).

[0215] Information 1 - UEQM feedback request or response

[0216] For example, the first information may indicate whether the UEQM control field is a UEQM information (transmission) request or a UEQM information (transmission) response. For example, the first information may have a length of 1 bit. For example, when the first information is set to a first value (e.g., 1), the first information may indicate a request (e.g., a request that a non-AP transmit feedback related to UEQM). For example, when the first information is set to a second value (e.g., 0), the first information may indicate a response (e.g., a non-AP generates feedback related to UEQM and responds to the AP).

[0217] Second Information - BW

[0218] For example, the second information may indicate information about the BW (Bandwidth) of a PPDU (e.g., DL PPDU (1710)) containing a (UEQM feedback) Request. For example, in the case of a response, the BW of a related PPDU (e.g., UL PPDU (1750)) may be indicated or reserved. For example, the second information may indicate information about 20 / 40 / 80 / 160 / 320 MHz.

[0219] Third Information - Nss

[0220] For example, the third information may include information about the number of spatial streams. For example, the third information may have a length of 2 bits. For example, the third information may indicate information about streams 1, 2, 3, and 4. For example, the third information may be defined in a PPDU related to a (UEQM feedback) Request (e.g., DL PPDU (1710)) and may be omitted in a PPDU related to a (UEQM feedback) response (e.g., UL PPDU (1750)).

[0221] Information 4 - Spatial stream information

[0222] The fourth information may be a subfield containing information for each spatial stream. For example, the fourth information may be reserved within a PPDU (e.g., DL PPDU (1710)) related to a (UEQM feedback) request.

[0223] For example, the fourth information may include suitable MCS information for each SS. In other words, the fourth information may include suitable MCS information for an STA (e.g., a non-AP STA) transmitting UEQM feedback.

[0224] For example, the fourth information can be configured by considering Max Nss (eg, up to 4 SS).

[0225] Below, each information element or subfield can be 4 or 5 bits long. In other words, the MCS indication can consist of 4 / 5 bits, and information for unused SS can be reserved depending on the value of Nss.

[0226] 1 stSS information (MCS)(4 / 5-bit length)2 nd SS information (MCS)(4 / 5-bit length)3 rd SS information (MCS)(4 / 5-bit length)4 th SS information (MCS)(4 / 5-bit length)

[0227] 1st SS information (MCS)

[0228] (4 / 5-bit length) 2nd SS information (MCS)

[0229] (4 / 5-bit length) 3rd SS information (MCS)

[0230] (4 / 5-bit length) 4th SS information (MCS)

[0231] (4 / 5-bit length)

[0232] Table 3 is a first example of the fourth information (e.g., spatial stream information). Each of the four information elements or four subfields shown in Table 3 may contain MCS information (e.g., information regarding both modulation order / level and code rate) for the corresponding SS.

[0233] Below, a second example of the fourth information (e.g., spatial stream information) is described. In the following example, an example is described in which information regarding modulation order / level (e.g., QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, 1024QAM, 4096QAM) is included in the fourth information. In other words, below, an example is described in which the fourth information is configured in such a way that information regarding code rate is omitted. For example, in the following example, 4096 QAM may or may not be supported.

[0234] In the following example, modulation order / level is applied individually for each SS, but the same code rate can be applied to each SS. Accordingly, information for the first SS consists of MCS information (e.g., information regarding both modulation order / level and code rate), and for the remaining SSs (e.g., the 2nd to 4th SSs), only modulation order / level (e.g., QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, 1024QAM, 4096QAM) can be identified.

[0235] bits (Value )Contentsbits (Value )Contents000 (0)QPSK100 (4)1024001 (1)16 QAM101 (5)4096 QAM / Reserved010 (2)64 QAM110 (6)Reserved011 (3)256 QAM111 (7)Reserved

[0236] 1 st SS information (MCS)(4 / 5-bit length)2 nd SS information (MOD)(3-bit length)3 rd SS information (MOD)(3-bit length)4 th SS information (MOD)(3-bit length)

[0237] Table 5 is a second example of the fourth information (e.g., spatial stream information). The first of the four information elements (or four subfields) shown in Table 5 may contain MCS information (e.g., information about both modulation order / level and code rate) for the first SS, and may have a length of, for example, 4 or 5 bits. For example, the second / third / fourth of the four information elements (or four subfields) shown in Table 5 contain information about the modulation order / level for the corresponding SS. The modulation order / level for each SS may be defined as 3-bit information, as shown in Table 4.

[0238] Below, a third example of the fourth information (e.g., spatial stream information) is described. For example, the fourth information may consist of SNR and / or CSI information.

[0239] For example, an STA (e.g., a non-AP STA receiving a DL PPDU (1710)) can measure SNR or CSI per SS using the received PPDU based on information in the A-control field included in the MAC header of the PPDU (e.g., DL PPDU (1710)). For example, the SNR and / or CSI information per SS may be an average or mean value of the SS. For example, the SNR and / or CSI information per SS may have a length of 6 bits or 8 bits (e.g., for one SS).

[0240] For example, information about the 1st SS may include information about the measured SNR or CSI value, and information about the remaining SS may include information about the value / gap for the difference compared to the 1st SS. For example, the difference or gap may be configured in 1dB / 2dB intervals.

[0241] Below, a fourth example of the fourth information (e.g., Spatial stream information) is described.

[0242] For example, the fourth information may be composed of information about the 1st SS and difference information therewith. For example, information for two SSs may be composed of: A) information about the 1st SS, and B) information difference between the 2nd SS and the 1st SS.

[0243] For example, the fourth information may be composed of information about MCS. For example, the fourth information may include information about MCS of 1st SS. The information about MCS of 1st SS indicates MCS information about 1st SS (e.g., information about both modulation order / level and code rate) and may have a length of 4 / 5 bits.

[0244] In addition, the fourth information may include information on a bit map of difference MCS per SS. The information on the bit map of difference MCS per SS may include information on the second to fourth SSs. Specifically, information on the MCS difference per SS compared to the MCS for the first SS may be included in the fourth information. In this case, the difference may indicate how low a required MCS is compared to the MCS for the first SS. The information on the difference applied to the second to fourth SSs may have a length of 2 / 3 bits and may indicate a difference compared to the MCS of the first SS. In other words, in Table 6, information about the second SS (e.g., 2nd SS) may be information related to the difference from the first SS (e.g., 1st SS), information about the third SS (e.g., 3rd SS) may be information related to the difference from the first SS (e.g., 1st SS), and information about the fourth SS (e.g., 4th SS) may be information related to the difference from the first SS (e.g., 1st SS). Depending on Nss, values ​​for unused SS may be reserved.

[0245] MCS difference per SSMCS of 1 st SS(4 / 5-bit length)2 nd SS(2 / 3-bit length)3 rd SS(2 / 3-bit length)4 th SS(2 / 3-bit length)

[0246] Table 6 is a fourth example of the fourth information (e.g., Spatial stream information). The information elements / fields shown in Table 6 can be distinguished into a total of four. The first element / field can have a length of 4 or 5 bits, and the second to fourth elements / fields can have a length of 2 or 3 bits.

[0247] Below, a fifth example of the fourth information (e.g., Spatial stream information) is described. In the following example, SS information may be composed of information about modulation, wherein information about the first SS is composed of MCS (e.g., information about both modulation order / level and code rate), and information about the remaining SSs is composed of mod difference (e.g., information about both modulation order / level and code rate).

[0248] For example, the above difference is composed of 2 bits and represents the difference of modulation order / level difference 0 / 1 / 2 / 3. For example, a value of 0 may indicate that there is no difference in modulation order / level, and values ​​of 1 / 2 / 3 may indicate that there is a difference of 1 / 2 / 3 order / level, respectively. Among the values ​​of 1 / 2 / 3, the value 3 may be reserved. For example, in Table 7, information about the second SS (eg, 2nd SS) may be information related to the difference with the first SS (eg, 1st SS), information about the third SS (eg, 3rd SS) may be information related to the difference with the first SS (eg, 1st SS), and information about the fourth SS (eg, 4th SS) may be information related to the difference with the first SS (eg, 1st SS).

[0249] Modulation order / level difference per SSMCS of 1 st SS(4 / 5-bit length)2 nd SS(2-bit length)3 rd SS(2-bit length)4 th SS(2-bit length)

[0250] Information 5 - RA (resource allocation) info

[0251] When UEQM is applied to a downlink PPDU, UEQM may be applied individually to some RUs / subchannels / bands, rather than the entire downlink band. In this case, information regarding the RA that identifies each RU / subchannel / band within a single PPDU may be included in the UEQM control field. For example, this fifth information may be included in the UEQM feedback request but not in the UEQM feedback response.

[0252] For example, the fifth information may indicate information about the RA of the STA to which a signal is transmitted using UEQM, or may indicate information about the RA that must be measured from the STA's perspective to determine UEQM information. For example, the fifth information may be set to be identical to the RA information allocated to the STA for the PPDU to which a signal is transmitted using UEQM. For example, the fifth information may be set to be identical to the RA information indicated through the TX Vector or RX vector.

[0253] Technical Features 4.

[0254] An example of the above-described technical features 1 to 3 may relate to the exchange of the A-control field included in the PPDU. The example described below relates to an example in which UEQM feedback is transmitted via an ACK / BA frame in response to a DL PPDU (or first PPDU) transmitted as illustrated in FIG. 20.

[0255] This specification proposes an example of exchanging DL PPDU and ACK frame (or Block ACK frame) related to UEQM. In other words, a frame exchange method related to UEQM and a device supporting the same are proposed. The exchanged frames may include information for UEQM. For example, a DL PPDU may include information for requesting feedback related to UEQM (e.g., UEQM feedback request). For example, the feedback related to UEQM may be generated by a non-AP STA (or non-AP MLD). For example, a device requesting feedback related to UEQM may be an AP (or AP MLD). For example, an ACK frame (or BA frame) may include feedback related to UEQM (e.g., UEQM feedback response).

[0256] Fig. 20 illustrates an example of frame exchange according to an example of the present specification. The illustrated DL PPDU (2010) may include a UEQM feedback request. In other words, the DL PPDU (2010) may include information for requesting feedback related to UEQM (e.g., UEQM feedback request). For example, information for requesting feedback related to UEQM (e.g., UEQM feedback request) may be included in the UEQM control field (2020) of Fig. 20. The UEQM control field (2020) may be configured in the same manner as the UEQM control field (1720) described above.

[0257] An STA (e.g., non-AP STA) that receives a DL PPDU (2010) may transmit an ACK frame (or BA frame). The ACK / BA frame (2050) may include feedback related to UEQM (e.g., UEQM feedback response). For example, the feedback related to UEQM (e.g., UEQM feedback response) may be included in the UEQM feedback field (2060) of FIG. 20. The UEQM feedback field (2060) may be configured in various ways, and may be configured as an ACK / BA frame, for example.

[0258] The duration between the DL PPDU (2010) and the ACK / BA frame (2050) can be set in various ways, and for example, can be set to SIFS (short IFS) as shown in FIG. 20. The DL PPDU (2010) can be modified in various ways, and accordingly, the DL PPDU (2010) can be changed to various names such as n-th PPDU or TX PPDU.

[0259] As with the example of FIG. 17, the AP (or first STA) according to the example of FIG. 20 can determine / determine information about UEQM to be applied in the future based on the received ACK / BA frame.

[0260] In the example of Fig. 20, the UEQM control field (2020) can be configured based on the A-control field, similarly to the example of Fig. 17. An STA (e.g., non-AP STA) that receives this can transmit UEQM feedback based on the ACK / BA frame.

[0261] Technical Features 5.

[0262] In an example of FIG. 20, an ACK / BA frame (2050) for transmitting UEQM information can be configured as follows.

[0263] For example, the frame control field of FIG. 21 may have a length of 2 octets, and within the 2 octets, the B3 bits and the B2 bits may be configured as the type subfield, and within the 2 octets, the B7, B6, B5, and B4 bits may be configured as the subtype subfield. In the above example, an ACK / BA frame for new UEQM information feedback may be identified based on the Type and Subtype subfields of the Frame Control field.

[0264] For example, the ACK / BA frame (2050) for UEQM information feedback can be newly defined based on the Type and Subtype subfields of the Frame Control field. For example, if the value of the Type subfield of the ACK / BA frame (2050) for UEQM information feedback indicates control (e.g., when the B3 bit is 0 and the B2 bit is 1), the value of the Subtype subfield (e.g., the values ​​of the B7, B6, B5, and B4 bits) can have one of the values ​​0000 to 0001, 1111. As another example, the ACK / BA frame (2050) for UEQM information feedback can be defined through the Control Frame Extension (e.g., when the B3 bit is 1 and the B2 bit is 1). For example, the value of the Control Frame Extension subtype (e.g., the values ​​of the B7, B6, B5, and B4 bits) can have one of the values ​​1011 to 1111.

[0265] Technical Features 6.

[0266] For example, an ACK / BA frame may be configured according to technical feature 5. The ACK / BA frame (2050) for transmitting the newly defined UEQM information may include a UEQM feedback field (2060).

[0267] Fig. 21 is an example of an ACK frame format including a UEQM feedback field. As illustrated, the fields of Fig. 21 may define a new UEQM feedback field (2060) between the RA subfield and the FCS subfield.

[0268] For example, when a UEQM feedback field (2060) is included in a BA frame, it must be identified that the BA frame is a new format / type related to UEQM. To this end, the BA type (e.g., bits B1 to B4 of the BA control field) included in the existing BA frame (e.g., a field with a length of 2 octets) can have one of the values ​​3 to 5 and 12 to 15. For example, when the BA type has one of the values ​​3 to 5 and 12 to 15, the BA frame can include the UEQM feedback field (2060). As another example, whether or not the UEQM feedback field is included can be indicated using the UEQM FB present bit defined in the BA control field. For example, the UEQM FB present bit can consist of 1 bit and can be indicated using one bit of B0, B5 to B8 in the BA control field. If the above 1-bit information is set to a first value (e.g., 1), it may be indicated that the corresponding BA frame includes a UEQM feedback field (2060). If the above 1-bit information is set to a second value (e.g., 0), it may be indicated that the corresponding BA frame does not include a UEQM feedback field (2060). The UEQM feedback field (2060) transmitted through the BA frame may be located immediately after the BA control field or immediately after the BA information (e.g., a field subsequent to the BA control field).

[0269] Technical Features 7.

[0270] The method of configuring the UEQM feedback field (2060) included in the ACK / BA frame may be as follows.

[0271] The above UEQM feedback field (2060) may include at least one of the third information - Nss, the fourth information - Spatial stream information, and the fifth information - RA described above.

[0272] Third Information - Nss

[0273] For example, the third information may include information about the number of spatial streams. For example, the third information may have a length of 2 bits. For example, the third information may indicate information about streams 1, 2, 3, and 4.

[0274] Information 4 - Spatial stream information

[0275] For example, the fourth information may include suitable MCS information for each SS. In other words, the fourth information may include suitable MCS information for an STA (e.g., non-AP STA) transmitting UEQM feedback. For example, the fourth information may be configured taking into account Max Nss (e.g., up to 4 SSs).

[0276] The fourth information (Spatial stream information) included in the ACK / BA frame may be configured according to at least one of the examples of Tables 3 to 7 described above. In other words, at least one of the first to fourth examples of the fourth information (e.g., Spatial stream information) included in the DL / UL PPDU described above may be equally applied to the fourth information (Spatial stream information) included in the ACK / BA frame. Accordingly, any duplicate description is omitted.

[0277] Technical Features 8.

[0278] Examples of the above-described technical features 1 to 7 relate to the exchange of A-control fields included in a PPDU, or to the operation of transmitting an ACK / BA frame as a feedback response. The example described below relates to an example in which a UEQM feedback field (2260) is included in a TB PPDU transmitted in response to a TRS control field transmitted as illustrated in FIG. 22.

[0279] Specifically, the following example proposes a method for exchanging TRS control fields and TB PPDUs, and a device supporting the method. The exchanged frames may include information for UEQM.

[0280] The TRS (triggered response scheduling) control field is described as follows. For example, the TRS control field may be called by various names such as a TRS control subfield, TRS control information, TRS control frame, first / second control frame, first / second control field, first / second (control) information field, etc. For example, the TRS control field (or a frame / signal including the TRS control field) may be transmitted by an AP to initiate UL OFDMA transmission. For example, the TRS control field (or a frame / signal including the TRS control field) may include information (e.g., MCS information) applied to a TB (triggered-based) PPDU generated by an STA (e.g., non-AP STA, RX STA) receiving the field. For example, the TRS control field (or frame / signal including the TRS control field) can be included in PPDUs of various types / formats (e.g., HE MU PPDU, HE SU PPDU, HE ER SU PPDU, EHT MU PPDU, UHR MU PPDU, etc.). An STA (e.g., non-AP STA, RX STA) that receives the TRS control field can generate a TB PPDU, and the generated TB PPDU can be a TB-PPDU of various types / formats (e.g., HE / EHT / UHR TB-PPDU).

[0281] Fig. 22 illustrates an example of frame exchange according to an example of the present specification. The illustrated DL PPDU (2210) may include a TRS control field (2220). In other words, the DL PPDU (2210) may include information for requesting feedback related to UEQM (e.g., UEQM feedback request). For example, information for requesting feedback related to UEQM (e.g., UEQM feedback request) may be included in the TRS control field (2220) of Fig. 22.

[0282] An STA (e.g., non-AP STA) that receives a DL PPDU (2210) may transmit a TB PPDU (2250). The TB PPDU (2250) may include feedback related to UEQM (e.g., UEQM feedback response). For example, the feedback related to UEQM (e.g., UEQM feedback response) may be included in the UEQM feedback field (2260) of FIG. 22.

[0283] The duration between the DL PPDU (2210) and the TB PPDU (2250) can be set in various ways, and for example, can be set to SIFS (short IFS) as shown in FIG. 22. The DL PPDU (2210) can be modified in various ways, and accordingly, the DL PPDU (2210) can be changed to various names such as n-th PPDU or TX PPDU.

[0284] Technical Features 9.

[0285] The following describes the TRS control field (2220).

[0286] Fig. 23 illustrates a TRS control field according to an example of the present specification. As illustrated, the TRS control field may include a UEQM feedback request indication field / bit / information / subfield (2360). As illustrated, the UEQM feedback request indication (2360) may be located at bit B25 of the TRS control field. For example, when the TRS control field is related to a UEQM feedback request, the UEQM feedback request indication (2360) may have a first value (e.g., 1). For example, when the TRS control field is not related to a UEQM feedback request, the UEQM feedback request indication (2360) may have a second value (e.g., 0).

[0287] As illustrated in FIG. 23, the TRS control field of the present specification may further include a UL Data Symbols subfield / information (2310), a RU Allocation subfield / information (2320), an AP Tx Power subfield / information (2330), and / or a UL Target Receive Power subfield / information (2340). The UL Data Symbols subfield / information (2310) may indicate the number of OFDM symbols constituting a data field of a TB-PPDU (e.g., TB PPDU (2250)) configured by the TRS control field. The RU Allocation subfield / information (2320) may indicate at least one RU that transmits the TB-PPDU (e.g., TB PPDU (2250)) configured by the TRS control field. The AP Tx Power subfield / information (2330) may include information regarding transmission power of a PPDU including the TRS control field. The UL Target Receive Power subfield / information (2340) may indicate the expected receive signal power for the TB-PPDU (e.g., TB PPDU (2250)) configured by the TRS control field. In addition, the UL MCS subfield / information (2350) of FIG. 23 may include information related to the MCS of the data field of the TB-PPDU (e.g., TB PPDU (2250)).

[0288] For example, an STA (e.g., a non-AP STA) can detect / judge the presence of a UEQM feedback request through a TRS control field (2220) included in a received PPDU (e.g., a DL PPDU (2210)). The STA can transmit a UEQM feedback field / information (2260) together with Ack information using a TB PPDU (2250) solicited through the TRS control field (2220).

[0289] For example, an ACK / BA frame transmitted via TB PPDU (2250) is transmitted including a UEQM feedback field / information (2260) and can be newly defined using a method as described above (e.g., technical feature 5 and technical feature 6 described above).

[0290] For example, UEQM feedback information transmitted through ACK or BA frame transmitted through TB ​​PPDU can be configured using the same method described above (e.g., technical feature 7 described above) using MCS or modulation order or received signal information (i.e., SNR or CSI) or difference as described above. To avoid repeated description of the same method, it is not described here repeatedly.

[0291] For example, the TRS control field (2220) requesting the UEQM feedback field / information (2260) can be newly defined. For example, the newly defined TRS control field (2220) can be based on the example of FIG. 23 or another example. For example, the newly defined TRS control field (2220) can be included and transmitted when a UHR PPDU or next version PPDU is transmitted. For example, when the PHY version identifier of the PPDU (e.g., the value of the 3-bit PHY version identifier included in the U-SIG field of the DL PPDU (2210)) is 1 or more, the newly defined TRS control field (2220) can exist.

[0292] As described above, a TRS extension / extended TRS field can be defined to request transmission of UEQM feedback information. In this case, the field can be defined through an A-control field. For example, to identify the TRS extension / extended TRS field, the value of the control ID included in the A-control field (e.g., the 4-bit control ID field of FIG. 19) can be set to 10. For example, the value of the control ID is not limited to 10 and can be changed in various ways.

[0293] For example, the newly defined TRS extension / extended TRS field (or TRS control field (2220)) may be configured to include information about a UEQM feedback request as follows. For example, the TRS extension / extended TRS field (or TRS control field (2220)) may include at least one of the UEQM FB indication bit / information / field, the NSS bit / information / field, the RA allocation bit / information / field, and the Feedback type bit / information / field, which are described below.

[0294] For example, the UEQM FB indication bit / information / field may include information related to a UEQM FB (Feedback) request. For example, the bit / information / field may have a preset first value (e.g., 1) when a request for UEQM Feedback is transmitted via DL PPDU (2210). For example, the NSS bit / information / field may indicate the number of SSs required in UEQM Feedback (performed by a non-AP STA). For example, the NSS bit / information / field may have a length of 2 bits. For example, the number of SSs indicated by the NSS bit / information / field may be 2, 3, or 4. For example, the RA allocation bit / information / field may include information related to an RA of an STA that measures information for each SS.

[0295] For example, the Feedback type bit / information / field may be configured based on the following method. For example, the Feedback type bit / information / field may include Feedback information that an STA (e.g., a non-AP STA receiving a DL PPDU (2210)) measures for each SS for UEQM. The Feedback information may be configured as a combination of all or part of information from among MCS, Modulation order, MCS difference, MOD difference, SNR / CQI, and SNR / CQI difference.

[0296] For example, the above Feedback type bits / information / fields may be as shown in the table below.

[0297] value of FB typeContents0MCS1Modulation order2Difference of MCS3Difference of modulation order

[0298] An STA (e.g., a non-AP STA that has received a DL PPDU (2210)) that has received a TRS extension / extended TRS field (or TRS control field (2220)) defined as above can transmit a UEQM feedback field / information (2260) together with Ack information using a solicited TB PPDU (2250) as described above.

[0299] For example, the ACK or BA frame transmitted through the TB PPDU (2250) may include the UEQM feedback field / information (2260). For example, the UEQM feedback field / information transmitted through the ACK or BA frame transmitted through the TB PPDU (2250) may be configured using the same method described above (e.g., the method of configuring the UEQM feedback field (2060) described in Technical Feature 7) using MCS or Modulation order or received signal information (i.e., SNR or CSI) or difference as described above. To avoid repeated description of the same method, it is not described here repeatedly. In other words, the UEQM feedback field / information transmitted through the ACK or BA frame transmitted through the TB PPDU (2250) may be configured in the same way as the above-described UEQM feedback field (2060) or may include the fourth information (Spatial stream information) described in Technical Feature 3.

[0300] Figure 24 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to this specification. The procedure illustrated in Figure 24 may be performed by an Access Point (AP), a non-AP STA, an AP Multi-link Device (AP MLD), or a non-AP MLD.

[0301] As illustrated, an STA (e.g., an AP or non-AP STA) may transmit (S2410) a first PPDU including an A-control field. The A-control field may include information for requesting feedback related to UEQM (Unequal modulation). For example, information for requesting feedback related to UEQM (e.g., UEQM feedback request) may be included in the UEQM control field (1720) of FIG. 17. The UEQM control field (1720) may be configured in various ways, and may be configured, for example, through the A-control field.

[0302] The A-control field related to step S2410 is included in the HT (High Throughput) control field of the MAC (medium access control) header of the first PPDU, and the HT control field may have a length of 4 octets. The A-control field may be configured based on the examples of FIGS. 18 and 19 or based on the technical feature described in technical feature 1 described above.

[0303] For example, the first PPDU may include the UEQM control field (1720). For example, the UEQM control field (1720) may include first information, and the first information may include information regarding whether the UEQM control field requests feedback related to the UEQM or responds to feedback related to the UEQM. For example, the first information may correspond to the first information - UEQM feedback request or response described in the above-described technical feature 3.

[0304] For example, the UEQM control field (1720) may include second information, and the second information may include information related to the bandwidth of the first PPDU. For example, the second information may correspond to the second information - BW described in the above-described technical feature 3.

[0305] For example, the UEQM control field (1720) may include third information, and the third information may include information regarding the number of spatial streams. For example, the third information may correspond to the third information - Nss described in the above-described technical feature 3.

[0306] For example, the first PPDU may include a UEQM feedback field (1760). The UEQM feedback field (1760) may be called by various names, such as a UEQM control field.

[0307] As illustrated, an STA (e.g., an AP or non-AP STA) may receive a second PPDU in response to the first PPDU (S2420). For example, the second PPDU may include feedback related to the UEQM. The feedback related to the UEQM may be included in various fields / signals / bits, such as a UEQM control field or a UEQM feedback field (1760).

[0308] For example, the UEQM control field (or UEQM feedback field (1760)) included in the second PPDU may include fourth information, and the fourth information may include information related to the first spatial stream (SS) and information related to at least one remaining spatial stream (SS). For example, the fourth information may correspond to the fourth information - Spatial stream information described in the above-described technical feature 3.

[0309] As illustrated, the STA (e.g., AP or non-AP STA) determines UEQM-related parameters based on the second PPDU (S2430). For example, the STA may determine UEQM-related parameters (e.g., MCS, modulation level / order, number of SSs) to be applied later based on the UEQM feedback field (1760) included in the second PPDU. The parameters determined in this way may be applied, for example, to a DL PPDU transmitted on the next TXOP.

[0310] Figure 25 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to the present specification. The procedure illustrated in Figure 25 may be performed by a non-AP STA, a non-AP MLD, an AP (Access Point), or an AP MLD (AP Multi-link Device).

[0311] As illustrated, an STA (e.g., an AP or non-AP STA) may receive (S2510) a first PPDU including an A-control field. For example, the first PPDU of step S2510 may be identical to the first PPDU of step S2410 of FIG. 24 . Duplicate descriptions are omitted.

[0312] As illustrated, an STA (e.g., an AP or non-AP STA) may transmit a second PPDU (S2520) in response to the first PPDU. For example, the second PPDU of step S2520 may be identical to the second PPDU of step S2510 of FIG. 25 . Duplicate descriptions are omitted.

[0313] The technical features of the present disclosure may be implemented by various devices. The devices of the present disclosure may be the devices described in FIG. 1 / FIG. 14. The devices of the present disclosure may include at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor, the computer memory storing instructions for performing operations based on execution by the at least one processor.

[0314] For example, the processor may be a processor described in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 14. That is, as described above, the processor of the present specification may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modem (modulator and demodulator). The processor may include not only computers having various architectures such as single / multiprocessor architecture, sequential (Von Neumann) / parallel architecture, but also specialized circuits such as FPGAs, ASICs, signal processing devices, and other devices. For example, the processor of the present specification may be a SNAPDRAGON® series processor manufactured by Qualcomm®, an EXYNOS® series processor manufactured by Samsung®, an A series processor manufactured by Apple®, a HELIO® series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOM® series processor manufactured by INTEL®, or a processor that enhances the same.

[0315] For example, the instructions may refer to computer program instructions executed by the at least one processor. The (computer program) instructions provide logic and / or routines that enable the technical features of the present specification to be performed by the processor. The at least one processor can load and execute a computer program by reading the at least one memory.

[0316] The computer program(s) defined by the above instructions may be delivered to the device (e.g., STA) of the present specification via an appropriate delivery mechanism. The delivery mechanism may be, for example, a computer-readable storage medium, a computer program product, a memory device, a recording medium such as a CD-ROM or DVD, or a product tangibly embodying the computer program. The delivery mechanism may be a signal configured to reliably transmit the computer program via a wireless or electrical connection.

[0317] The above (computer program) instructions may include software or firmware for a programmable processor (e.g., programmable content of a hardware device whether instructions for a processor, or configuration settings for a fixed-function device, gate array or programmable logic device, etc.).

[0318] For example, the memory may be the memory described in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 14. That is, as described above, the memory of the present specification may store control information related to the operation of the STA of the present specification or information about signals transmitted and received by the STA (e.g., PPDU including management / control / data frames).

[0319] The technical features of this specification may be implemented in at least one computer-readable recording medium (CRM). The CRM includes instructions that are executed by at least one processor as described above. The instructions stored in the CRM may be computer program instructions as described above.

[0320] The device of the present disclosure may further include a transceiver. The transceiver may be operably connectable to the memory / processor, etc. The transceiver may be the transceiver illustrated in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 14.

[0321] The technical features of this specification described above are applicable to various applications and business models. For example, the technical features described above can be applied to wireless communication in devices that support artificial intelligence (AI).

[0322] Artificial intelligence (AI) is the study of artificial intelligence or the methodologies for creating it, while machine learning (ML) defines various problems in the field of AI and studies the methodologies for solving them. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves performance on a task through consistent experience.

[0323] An artificial neural network (ANN) is a model used in machine learning. It can refer to a model with problem-solving capabilities, consisting of artificial neurons (nodes) formed by the connection of synapses to form a network. An ANN can be defined by the connection patterns between neurons in different layers, the learning process that updates model parameters, and the activation function that generates output values.

[0324] An artificial neural network may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer contains one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network may include synapses connecting neurons. In an artificial neural network, each neuron can output a function value of an activation function based on input signals, weights, and biases received through the synapses.

[0325] Model parameters are parameters determined through learning, including synaptic connection weights and neuron biases. Hyperparameters are parameters that must be set before learning in machine learning algorithms, including the learning rate, number of iterations, mini-batch size, and initialization function.

[0326] The goal of artificial neural network training can be seen as determining model parameters that minimize a loss function. The loss function can be used as an indicator for determining optimal model parameters during the artificial neural network training process.

[0327] Machine learning can be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning depending on the learning method.

[0328] Supervised learning refers to a method for training an artificial neural network when given labels for the training data. The labels can refer to the correct answer (or output value) that the artificial neural network must infer when the training data is input to the artificial neural network. Unsupervised learning can refer to a method for training an artificial neural network when the training data is not given labels. Reinforcement learning can refer to a learning method in which an agent defined within a given environment is trained to select actions or action sequences that maximize the cumulative reward in each state.

[0329] Machine learning implemented with a deep neural network (DNN) containing multiple hidden layers among artificial neural networks is also called deep learning, and deep learning is a subset of machine learning. Hereinafter, the term "machine learning" is used to encompass deep learning.

[0330] Additionally, the above-described technical features can be applied to wireless communication of robots.

[0331] A robot can be defined as a machine that automatically performs or operates a given task based on its own capabilities. Specifically, a robot capable of perceiving its environment, making independent judgments, and performing actions can be called an intelligent robot.

[0332] Robots can be categorized into industrial, medical, household, and military applications based on their intended use or field. Robots are equipped with actuators or motors, enabling them to perform various physical actions, such as moving robot joints. Furthermore, mobile robots incorporate wheels, brakes, and propellers into their actuators, enabling them to move on the ground or fly in the air.

[0333] Additionally, the above-described technical features can be applied to devices that support extended reality.

[0334] Extended reality is a general term for virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). VR technology presents real-world objects and backgrounds as CG images only, AR technology presents virtual CG images over images of real objects, and MR technology is a computer graphics technology that blends and combines virtual objects with the real world.

[0335] MR technology is similar to AR in that it presents both real and virtual objects simultaneously. However, while AR uses virtual objects to complement real objects, MR uses virtual and real objects on an equal footing.

[0336] XR technology can be applied to HMD (Head-Mount Display), HUD (Head-Up Display), mobile phones, tablet PCs, laptops, desktops, TVs, digital signage, etc., and devices to which XR technology is applied can be called XR devices.

Claims

Transmitting a first PPDU (physical protocol data unit) containing an A-control (aggregated-control) field, The above A-control field includes information for requesting feedback related to UEQM (Unequal modulation); and In response to the above first PPDU, a second PPDU is received, The second PPDU includes feedback related to the UEQM, The feedback related to the UEQM includes MCS (modulation and coding scheme) information applied to the first spatial stream (SS) and parameter information applied to the second spatial stream. Including method. In the first paragraph, The above A-control field is included in the HT (High Throughput) control field of the MAC (medium access control) header of the first PPDU, and the HT control field has a length of 4 octets. method. In the first paragraph, The first PPDU includes a UEQM control field, the UEQM control field includes first information, and the first information includes information about whether the UEQM control field requests feedback related to the UEQM or responds to feedback related to the UEQM. The above first information has a length of 1 bit. method. In the first paragraph, The first PPDU includes a UEQM control field, the UEQM control field includes second information, and the second information includes information related to the bandwidth of the first PPDU. method. In the first paragraph, The first PPDU includes a UEQM control field, the UEQM control field includes third information, and the third information includes information about the number of spatial streams. method. In the first paragraph, The second PPDU includes a UEQM control field, and the UEQM control field includes fourth information, and the fourth information includes MCS information applied to the first spatial stream (SS) and MCS information applied to at least one remaining spatial stream (SS), The MCS information applied to the above first spatial stream (SS) has a length of 5 bits, The MCS information for at least one remaining spatial stream (SS) has a length of 5 bits. method. In the first paragraph, The second PPDU includes a UEQM control field, and the UEQM control field includes fourth information, and the fourth information includes MCS information applied to the first spatial stream (SS) and modulation order information applied to at least one remaining spatial stream (SS), The MCS information applied to the above first spatial stream (SS) has a length of 5 bits, The modulation order information for at least one remaining spatial stream (SS) has a length of 3 bits. method. In the first paragraph, The second PPDU includes a UEQM control field, and the UEQM control field includes fourth information, and the fourth information includes signal to noise ratio (SNR) information and / or channel state information (CSI) for at least two spatial streams (SS). method. In the first paragraph, The second PPDU includes a UEQM control field, and the UEQM control field includes fourth information, and the fourth information includes MCS information applied to the first spatial stream (SS) and modulation order information applied to at least one remaining spatial stream (SS), The MCS information applied to the above first spatial stream (SS) has a length of 5 bits, The modulation order information for at least one remaining spatial stream (SS) includes modulation order difference information for the first spatial stream (SS), The above modulation order difference information has a length of 2 bits. method. In the first paragraph, The above first PPDU is transmitted by an AP (access point) or a non-AP STA (station). method. at least one processor; and At least one computer memory operable to said at least one processor, said memory storing instructions for performing operations based on being executed by said at least one processor, The instructions of at least one computer memory are: Transmitting a first PPDU (physical protocol data unit) including an A-control (aggregated-control) field, The above A-control field includes information for requesting feedback related to UEQM (Unequal modulation); and In response to the above first PPDU, a second PPDU is received, The second PPDU includes feedback related to the UEQM, The feedback related to the UEQM includes MCS (modulation and coding scheme) information applied to the first spatial stream (SS) and parameter information applied to the second spatial stream. STA (station) performing the action. In the 11th paragraph, the command of at least one computer memory performs an operation related to any one of the 1st to 10th paragraphs. STA. Receive a first PPDU (physical protocol data unit) containing an A-control (aggregated-control) field, The above A-control field includes information for requesting feedback related to UEQM (Unequal modulation); and In response to the above first PPDU, a second PPDU is transmitted, The second PPDU includes feedback related to the UEQM, The feedback related to the UEQM includes MCS (modulation and coding scheme) information applied to the first spatial stream (SS) and parameter information applied to the second spatial stream. Including method. at least one processor; and At least one computer memory operable to said at least one processor, said memory storing instructions for performing operations based on being executed by said at least one processor, The instructions of at least one computer memory are: Receive a first PPDU (physical protocol data unit) containing an A-control (aggregated-control) field, The above A-control field includes information for requesting feedback related to UEQM (Unequal modulation); and In response to the above first PPDU, a second PPDU is transmitted, The second PPDU includes feedback related to the UEQM, The feedback related to the UEQM includes MCS (modulation and coding scheme) information applied to the first spatial stream (SS) and parameter information applied to the second spatial stream. STA (station) performing the action. In the 14th paragraph, the command of at least one computer memory performs an operation related to any one of the 1st to 10th paragraphs. STA. In a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, at least one computer readable medium including instructions based on being executed by at least one processor, Transmitting a first PPDU (physical protocol data unit) containing an A-control (aggregated-control) field, The above A-control field includes information for requesting feedback related to UEQM (Unequal modulation); and In response to the above first PPDU, a second PPDU is received, The second PPDU includes feedback related to the UEQM, The feedback related to the UEQM includes MCS (modulation and coding scheme) information applied to the first spatial stream (SS) and parameter information applied to the second spatial stream. Performing an operation that includes Recording medium.

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