Methods to support measurement and prediction sets in beam management for ai / ML systems

Abstract

Systems, methods, and instrumentalities to support measurement and prediction sets in beam management for AI / ML systems are disclosed herein. A WTRU may receive configuration information indicating whether to report measurements for first and / or second sets of TCI states. The WTRU may receive an indication to associate one or more RS resources with the first set of RS resources, the second set of RS resources, or neither. The WTRU may determine a resource mapping configuration for resources in the first / second sets of TCI states, a reference set of resources for the resources in the first set of RS resources, and / or an RS resource parameter. The WTRU may activate one or more TCI states associated with RSs associated with the second set of RS resources or only with the first set of RS resources and not the second set of RS resources, and may report measurements associated with the activated TCI states.

Description

METHODS TO SUPPORT MEASUREMENT AND PREDICTION SETS IN BEAM MANAGEMENT FOR AI / ML SYSTEMSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of United States Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 572,526, filed on April 1 , 2024, and United States Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 572,708, filed on April 1 , 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND

[0002] Artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) for new radio (NR) air interface may have one or more of the following objectives for beam management. Downlink (DL) transmission (Tx) beam prediction for both wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU)-sided models and network (NW)-sided models may include one or more of spatial-domain DL Tx beam prediction for Set A of beams based on measurement results of Set B of beams (“BM-Case1”) or temporal DL Tx beam prediction for Set A of beams based on the historic measurement results of Set B of beams (“BM-Case2”). Sig nalli ng / mechanism(s) to facilitate LCM operations specific to the Beam Management use cases, if any, may be specified. Method(s) to ensure consistency between training and inference regarding NW-side additional conditions (e.g., if identified) for inference at the WTRU may be enabled. A common framework design to support both BM-Case1 and BM- Case2 may be used.

[0003] In beam management procedures, one or more (e.g., all) of the beams in a cell may be transmitted and measured to identify a best beam and receive channel(s) and / or signal(s). However, in AI / ML based DL Tx beam prediction, RSs for (e.g., only) selected beams may be transmitted, and the AI / ML model may estimate qualities of other beams based on measurements of the selected beams. This technology may be used to improve performance and / or complexity in conventional beam management aspects, including beam prediction in time, and / or spatial domain for overhead and latency reduction, beam selection accuracy improvement, and so forth.SUMMARY

[0004] Systems, methods, and instrumentalities to support measurement and prediction sets in beam management for AI / ML systems are disclosed herein. One or more of the methods disclosed herein may be performed by a UE and / or a WTRU (e.g., by a processor thereof). A UE (e.g., a WTRU) may receive, from a network, an indication to associate each of one or more reference signal RS resources with a first set, asecond set, or neither set. The indication may be received via one or more of a MAC CE / DCI or an RRC configuration. The indication may be received via the MAC CE as a bitmap that indicates, for each RS resource of the RS resources, whether the RS resource belongs to the first set, the second set, or neither set. The WTRU may receive one or more RRC-configured patterns of RS resources, where each pattern is associated with a respective pattern identifier (ID), wherein the indication indicates one or more pattern IDs. The WTRU may determine, based on the indication, one or more of a resource mapping configuration for resources in the first set, a resource mapping configuration for resources in the second set, a resource mapping configuration for resources in neither set, one or more reference second set resources for the first set of resources, or an RS resource parameter (e.g., relative periodicity of RS relative to a periodicity of the reference RS). The WTRU may activate one or more TCI states associated with one or more reference signals associated with one or more of the first set and the second set. For example, the WTRU may activate one or more TCI states associated with one or more reference signals associated with the first set but not the second set and / or one or more TCI states associated with one or more reference signals associated with the second set. The one or more TCI states may include a first TCI state, which may be associated with one or more of a first type of TCI state, a second type of TCI state, a third type of TCI state, or a fourth type of TCI state. The WTRU may determine one or more beams for reporting based on the indication. The WTRU may report measurements for the determined one or more beams, for example by reporting a number of beams in a CSI report and / or by reporting respective qualities of one or more RSs associated with the second set. The measurements for the determined one or more beams comprise respective beam qualities for each of the determined oner or more beams.

[0005] For example, the WTRU may receive configuration information, the configuration information indicating whether to report measurements for one or more of a first set of RS resources or a second set of RS resources. A (e.g., each) RS resource of the first and / or second set(s) of RS resources may be associated with a respective TCI state. The WTRU may receive an indication (e.g., via MAC CE) to associate one or more reference signal (RS) resources with the first set of RS resources, the second set of RS resources, or neither the first set nor the second set of RS resources. The indication may comprise a bitmap indicating whether at least one RS resource is associated with the first set of RS resources, the second set of RS resources, or neither the first nor the second set of RS resources. The WTRU may determine, based on the indication and the configuration information, one or more of a resource mapping configuration for resources in the first set of RS resources or the second set of RS resources, a reference set of resources for the resources in the first set of RS resources, or an RS resource parameter. Forexample, the WTRU may determine, for a first RS resource, at least one of a transmission periodicity associated with the first RS resource, a resource mapping configuration associated with the first RS resource, or a TCI state associated with the first RS resource. The WTRU may activate one or more TCI states associated with RSs associated with the second set of RS resources or RSs associated only with the first set of RS resources and not the second set of RS resources. The WTRU may report measurements associated with the one or more activated TCI states. For example, the WTRU may report respective qualities of the one or more RSs associated with the one or more activated TCI states, or may report one or more of a channel resource indicator (CRI) or a synchronization signal block resource indicator (SSBRI) associated with an RS resource associated with the second set of RS resources.

[0006] The WTRU may receive a plurality of patterns of RS resources associated with the second set of RS resources, where each pattern of the plurality of patterns may be associated with a respective pattern identifier (ID). The indication may include one or more pattern IDs. The WTRU may determine that a first pattern of the plurality of patterns is associated with a first RS resource and a second RS resource, and may associate each of the first RS resource and the second RS resource with one or more of the first set of RS resources or the second set of RS resources. Each TCI state of the first set of RS resources and the second set of RS resources is associated with one or more of a first type of TCI state, a second type of TCI state, a third type of TCI state, or a fourth type of TCI state.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] FIG. 1 A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented.

[0008] FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment.

[0009] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A according to an embodiment.

[0010] FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A according to an embodiment.

[0011] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of different set B / Set A patterns.

[0012] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of RS resource sets with different associations of RS resource withSet A / Set B or neither.

[0013] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of CSI-RS resource mapping parameters.

[0014] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of NZP CSI-RS resource configuration parameters.

[0015] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of supporting measurement and prediction sets in beam management for AI / ML systems.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word DFT-Spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block-filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0017] As shown in FIG. 1A, the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a RAN 104 / 113, a CN 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or a “STA”, may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a WTRU.Further, any description herein that is described with reference to a UE may be equally applicable to a WTRU (or vice versa). For example, a WTRU may be configured to perform any of the processes or procedures described herein as being performed by a UE (or vice versa).

[0018] The communications systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the I nternet 110, and / or the other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B, an eNode B, a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a gNB, a NR NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0019] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographical area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may further be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0020] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0021] More specifically, as noted above, the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a,102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0022] I n an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0023] I n an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access , which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0024] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for instance using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., a eNB and a gNB).

[0025] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0026] The base station 114b in FIG. 1 A may be a wireless router, Home Node B, Home eNode B, or access point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a place of business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a roadway, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN).In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g. , WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell. As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0027] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1A, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may be utilizing a NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing a GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0028] The CN 106 / 115 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or the other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include circuit- switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and / or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communications networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0029] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0030] FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. 1 B, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138, among others. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0031] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. While FIG. 1B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0032] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., the base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0033] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is depicted in FIG. 1 B as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0034] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit / receiveelement 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11 , for example.

[0035] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and / or the removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0036] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0037] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or in lieu of, the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and / or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable locationdetermination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0038] The processor 118 may further be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photographs and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequencymodulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a Virtual Reality and / or Augmented Reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like. The peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, the sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0039] The WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for both the UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full duplex radio may include an interference management unit 139 to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via either hardware (e.g., a choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In an embodiment, the WRTU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for either the UL (e.g., for transmission) or the downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[0040] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0041] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0042] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, and the like. As shown in FIG. 1 C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.

[0043] The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1 C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoingelements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0044] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0045] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter- eNode B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0046] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0047] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0048] Although the WTRU is described in FIGS. 1 A-1 D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments that such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.

[0049] In representative embodiments, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0050] A WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS) mode may have an Access Point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have an access or an interface to a Distribution System (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic in to and / or out ofthe BSS. Traffic to STAs that originates from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs. Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to respective destinations. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. The traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to- peer traffic. The peer-to-peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use an 802.11 e DLS or an 802.11 z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (I BSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g., all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication may sometimes be referred to herein as an “ad- hoc” mode of communication.

[0051] When using the 802.11 ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operations, the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width via signaling. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example in in 802.11 systems. For CSMA / CA, the STAs (e.g., every STA), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0052] High Throughput (HT) STAs may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or nonadjacent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0053] Very High Throughput (VHT) STAs may support 20MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. The 40 MHz, and / or 80 MHz, channels may be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, the data, after channel encoding, may be passed through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, and time domain processing, may be done on each stream separately. The streams may be mapped on to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by a transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, theabove described operation for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to the Medium Access Control (MAC).

[0054] Sub 1 GHz modes of operation are supported by 802.11 af and 802.11 ah. The channel operating bandwidths, and carriers, are reduced in 802.11 af and 802.11 ah relative to those used in 802.11 n, and 802.11ac. 802.11 af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11 ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11 ah may support Meter Type Control / Machine- Type Communications, such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited capabilities including support for (e.g., only support for) certain and / or limited bandwidths. The MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0055] WLAN systems, which may support multiple channels, and channel bandwidths, such as 802.11 n, 802.11 ac, 802.11 af, and 802.11 ah, include a channel which may be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a ST A, from among all STAs in operating in a BSS, which supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode. In the example of 802.11 ah, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP, and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which supports only a 1 MHz operating mode), transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency bands may be considered busy even though a majority of the frequency bands remains idle and may be available.

[0056] In the United States, the available frequency bands, which may be used by 802.11 ah, are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11 ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.

[0057] FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 may employ an NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0058] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a, 108b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRLI 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0059] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframe or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., containing varying number of OFDM symbols and / or lasting varying lengths of absolute time).

[0060] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with / connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with / connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In the non-standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serveas a mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0061] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards User Plane Function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 182a, 182b and the like. As shown in FIG. 1D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with one another over an Xn interface.

[0062] The CN 115 shown in FIG. 1 D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0063] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling of different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, management of the registration area, termination of NAS signaling, mobility management, and the like. Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b in order to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services being utilized WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for machine type communication (MTC) access, and / or the like. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0064] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via an N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via an N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating WTRU IP address, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS,providing downlink data notifications, and the like. A PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP based, Ethernet-based, and the like.

[0065] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0066] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0067] In view of Figures 1A-1 D, and the corresponding description of Figures 1A-1 D, one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with regard to one or more of: WTRU 102a-d, Base Station 114a-b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-ab, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and / or any other device(s) described herein, may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or to simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0068] The emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for purposes of testing and / or may performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.

[0069] The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, including all, functions while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e. g. , testing) wired and / or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communications via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0070] A use case for artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML or AIML) with respect to beam management is to predict one or more best beams among a set of beams with more accuracy and less overhead than legacy beam management procedures. Another use case for AI / ML with respect to beam management is to predict qualities of beams including unmeasured beams. For beam management, the RS signals associated with a beam may be measured by the wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) to determine the beam quality, and a best beam(s) are reported among the measured beams. In contrast, an AI / ML model in a WTRU (e.g., or gNB) may predict one or more beams out of one or more (e.g., all) possible beams, including those not measured by the WTRU (or gNB). The inputs to the AI / ML may be a set of beam measurements associated with a set of reference signals. The input set (e.g., of RS resources) may be denoted as Set B. The AI / ML model may predict a best beam from an output predicted set of beams, which may be denoted by Set A. Here, Set B may be a subset of Set A.

[0071] To make a prediction, the WTRU may need to perform measurements on RSs associated with a Set B. Therefore, a procedure to enable the WTRU to identify RSs associated with Set B beams may be used.

[0072] After the WTRU makes a prediction, the WTRU may need to report the predicted output to the network. In some embodiments, the WTRU may report a best beam based on channel resource indicator (CRI) (e.g., the WTRU sends an indication of a resource associated with the best beam). Since the RSs associated with beams of Set A not in Set B may not be transmitted, the WTRU may not be able to indicate a best predicted beam not in Set B in some embodiments. Therefore, an improvement in the CSI Resource configuration and a procedure that enables the WTRU to report predicted outputs is needed.

[0073] For beam management, the RS signals associated with a beam may be measured by the WTRU to determine the beam quality, and a best beam(s) is reported among the measured beams. The WTRU may report a best beam based on channel resource indicator (CRI) (e.g., the WTRU may send an indication of a resource associated with the best beam).

[0074] Systems, methods, and instrumentalities for enabling a WTRU to dynamically measure a selected set of beams (e.g., Set B) and report measured information to the network may be disclosed herein. One or more of the methods disclosed herein may be performed by a UE and / or a WTRU (e.g., by a processor thereof).

[0075] Hereinafter, “a,” “an,” and similar phrases are to be interpreted as “one or more” or “at least one.” Similarly, any term which ends with the suffix “(s)” is to be interpreted as “one or more” or “at least one.” The term “may” is to be interpreted as “may, for example.”

[0076] Artificial intelligence (Al) may be broadly defined as the behavior exhibited by machines. Such behavior may mimic cognitive functions to sense, reason, adapt and act.

[0077] Machine learning (ML) may refer to a type of algorithm that solves a problem based on learning through experience (“data”), without explicitly being programmed (“configuring set of rules”). Machine learning may be considered as a subset of Al. Different machine learning paradigms may be envisioned based on the nature of data or feedback available to the learning algorithm. For example, a supervised learning approach may involve learning a function that maps input to an output based on labeled training example, wherein a (e.g., each) training example may be a pair consisting of input and the corresponding output. For example, an unsupervised learning approach may involve detecting patterns in the data with no pre-existing labels. For example, a reinforcement learning approach may involve performing a sequence of actions in an environment to maximize the cumulative reward. In some solutions, it may be possible to apply machine learning algorithms using a combination or interpolation of approaches. For example, a semi-supervised learning approach may use a combination of a (e.g., small) amount of labeled data with a (e.g., large) amount of unlabeled data during training. In this regard semi-supervised learning may fall between unsupervised learning (e.g., with no labeled training data) and supervised learning (e.g., with only labeled training data).

[0078] Deep learning may refer to a class of machine learning algorithms that employ artificial neural networks (specifically DNNs) which were loosely inspired from biological systems. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are a special class of machine learning models inspired by human brain, wherein the input is linearly transformed and passed through non-linear activation function multiple times. DNNs typically consists of multiple layers, where a (e.g., each) layer consists of linear transformation and a given nonlinear activation functions. The DNNs can be trained using the training data via back-propagation algorithm. Recently, DNNs have shown state-of-the-art performance in a variety of domains (e.g., speech, vision, natural language etc.) and for various machine learning settings supervised, un-supervised, and semi-supervised. The term AI / ML based methods / processing may refer to realization of behaviors and / or conformance to requirements by learning based on data, without explicit configuration of sequence of steps of actions. Such methods may enable learning complex behaviors which might be difficult to specify and / or implement when using legacy methods.

[0079] A WTRU may transmit or receive a physical channel or reference signal according to at least one spatial domain filter. The term “beam” may be used to refer to a spatial domain filter.

[0080] The WTRU may transmit a physical channel or signal using the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used for receiving an RS (such as CSI-RS) or a SS block. The WTRU transmission may be referred to as “target”, and the received RS or SS block may be referred to as “reference” or “source”. The WTRU may be said to transmit the target physical channel or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to such RS or SS block.

[0081] The WTRU may transmit a first physical channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used for transmitting a second physical channel or signal. The first and second transmissions may be referred to as “target” and “reference” (or “source”), respectively. The WTRU may be said to transmit the first (e.g., target) physical channel or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to the second (e.g., reference) physical channel or signal.

[0082] A spatial relation may be implicit, configured by RRC, or signaled by MAC CE or DCI. For example, a WTRU may implicitly transmit PUSCH and / or DM-RS of PUSCH according to the same spatial domain filter as an SRS indicated by an SRI indicated in DCI or configured by RRC. In another example, a spatial relation may be configured by RRC for an SRS resource indicator (SRI) or signaled by MAC CE for a PUCCH. Such spatial relation may also be referred to as a “beam indication.”

[0083] The WTRU may receive a first (e.g., target) downlink channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter or spatial reception parameter as a second (e.g., reference) downlink channel or signal. For example, such association may exist between a physical channel such as PDCCH or PDSCH and its respective DM-RS. At least when the first and second signals are reference signals, such association may exist when the WTRU is configured with a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption type D between corresponding antenna ports. Such association may be configured as a TCI (transmission configuration indicator) state. A WTRU may be indicated with an association between a CSI-RS or SS block and a DM- RS by an index to a set of TCI states configured by RRC and / or signaled by MAC CE. Such indication may also be referred to as a “beam indication.”

[0084] Hereafter, the term TRP (e.g., transmission and reception point) may be interchangeably used with one or more of TP (transmission point), RP (reception point), RRH (radio remote head), DA (distributed antenna), BS (base station), a sector (e.g., of a BS), or a cell (e.g., a geographical cell area served by a BS), consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein. Hereafter, the term Multi-TRP may be interchangeably used with one or more of MTRP, M-TRP, or multiple TRPs, consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0085] A WTRU may report a subset of channel state information (CSI) components, where CSI components may correspond to one or more of a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), a SSB resource indicator (SSBRI), an indication of a panel used for reception at the WTRU (such as a panel identity or group identity), measurements such as L1-RSRP, L1-SINR taken from SSB or CSI-RS (e.g. cri-RSRP, cri- SINR, ssb-lndex-RSRP, ssb-lndex-SINR), and / or other channel state information such as at least rank indicator (Rl), channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), Layer Index (LI), and / or the like.

[0086] Channel and / or interference measurements may be performed. A WTRU may receive a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block. The SS / PBCH block (SSB) may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and / or physical broadcast channel (PBCH). The WTRU may monitor, receive, and / or attempt to decode an SSB during initial access, initial synchronization, radio link monitoring (RLM), cell search, cell switching, and so forth.

[0087] A WTRU may measure and / or report the channel state information (CSI), where the CSI for a (e.g., each) connection mode may include or be configured with one or more of the following: a CSI report configuration; a CSI-RS resource set; and / or one or more NZP CSI-RS Resources. The CSI report configuration may include one or more of a CSI report quantity (e.g., Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Rank Indicator (Rl), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), Layer Indicator (LI), etc.); a CSI report type (e.g., aperiodic, semi-persistent, periodic); a CSI report codebook configuration (e.g., Type I, Type II, Type II port selection, etc.); and / or a CSI report frequency. The CSI-RS resource set may include one or more of the following CSI Resource settings: NZP-CSI-RS Resource for channel measurement; NZP-CSI-RS Resource for interference measurement; and / or CSI-IM Resource for interference measurement. The NZP CSI-RS resource may include one or more of an NZP CSI-RS Resource ID; a periodicity and / or offset; QCL Info and TCI-state; and / or Resource mapping (e.g., number of ports, density, CDM type, etc.).

[0088] A WTRU may indicate, determine, and / or be configured with one or more reference signals. The WTRU may monitor, receive, and / or measure one or more parameters based on the respective reference signals. For example, one or more of the following may apply. The following parameters are non-limiting examples of the parameters that may be included in reference signal(s) measurements. One or more of these parameters may be included: SS-RSRP, CSI-RSRP, SS-SINR, CSI-SINR, RSSI, CLI-RSSI, and / or SRS-RSRP. Other parameters may be included.

[0089] SS reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) may be measured based on the synchronization signals (e.g., demodulation reference signal (DMRS) in PBCH or SSS). It may be defined as the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements (REs) that carry the respective synchronization signal. In measuring the RSRP, power scaling for the reference signals may be required. If SS-RSRP is used for L1-RSRP, the measurement may be accomplished based on CSI reference signals (e.g., in addition to the synchronization signals).

[0090] CSI-RSRP may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the REs that carry the respective CSI-RS. The CSI-RSRP measurement may be configured within measurement resources for the configured CSI-RS occasions.

[0091] SS signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SS-SINR) may be measured based on the synchronization signals (e.g., DMRS in PBCH or SSS). It may be defined as the linear average over the power contribution of the REs that carry the respective synchronization signal divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contribution. If SS-SINR is used for L1-SINR, the noise and / or interference power measurement may be accomplished based on resources configured by higher layers.

[0092] CSI-SINR may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the REs that carry the respective CSI-RS divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contribution. If CSI-SINR is used for L1 -SI NR, the noise and interference power measurement may be accomplished based on resources configured by higher layers. Otherwise, the noise and interference power may be measured based on the resources that carry the respective CSI-RS.

[0093] Received signal strength indicator (RSSI) may be measured based on the average of the total power contribution in configured OFDM symbols and bandwidth. The power contribution may be received from different resources (e.g., co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, and so forth).

[0094] Cross-Layer interference received signal strength indicator (CLI-RSSI) may be measured based on the average of the total power contribution in configured OFDM symbols of the configured time andfrequency resources. The power contribution may be received from different resources (e.g., cross-layer interference, co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, and so forth).

[0095] Sounding reference signals RSRP (SRS-RSRP) may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the REs that carry the respective SRS.

[0096] Beam / CSI report configuration(s) may be disclosed herein. A CSI report configuration (e.g., CSI- ReportConfigs) may be associated with a (e.g., single) BWP (e.g., indicated by BWP-ld), where one or more of the following parameters may be configured: CSI-RS resources and / or CSI-RS resource sets for channel and interference measurement; CSI-RS report configuration type, including periodic, semi- persistent, and aperiodic; CSI-RS transmission periodicity for periodic and semi-persistent CSI reports; CSI-RS transmission slot offset for periodic, semi-persistent and aperiodic CSI reports; CSI-RS transmission slot offset list for semi-persistent and aperiodic CSI reports; Time restrictions for channel and interference measurements; Report frequency band configuration (e.g., wideband / subband CQI, PMI, and so forth); Thresholds and modes of calculations for the reporting quantities (CQI, RSRP, SINR, LI, Rl, etc.); Codebook configuration; Group based beam reporting; CQI table; Subband size; Non-PMI port indication; and / or Port Index, etc.

[0097] CSI-RS resource configuration(s) may be disclosed herein. A CSI-RS Resource Set (e.g., NZP- CSI-RS-ResourceSet) may include one or more CSI-RS resources (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-Resource and CSI- ResourceConfig), where a WTRU may be configured with one or more of the following in a CSI-RS Resource: CSI-RS periodicity and slot offset for periodic and semi-persistent CSI-RS resources; CSI-RS resource mapping to define the number of CSI-RS ports, density, CDM-type, OFDM symbol, and / or subcarrier occupancy; the bandwidth part to which the configured CSI-RS is allocated; and / or the reference to the TCI-State including the QCL source RS(s) and / or the corresponding QCL type(s).

[0098] RS resource set configuration(s) may be disclosed herein. One or more of the following configurations may be used for RS resource set(s). A WTRU may be configured with one or more RS resource sets. The RS resource set configuration may include one or more of following: an RS resource set ID; one or more RS resources for the RS resource set; repetition (e.g., on or off); aperiodic triggering offset (e.g., one of 0-6 slots); and / or TRS info (e.g., true or not).

[0099] RS resource configuration(s) may be disclosed herein. One or more of the following configurations may be used for RS resource(s). A WTRU may be configured with one or more RS resources. The RS resource configuration may include one or more of following: a RS resource ID; Resource mapping (e.g.,REs in a PRB); Power control offset (e.g., one value of -8, .... 15); Power control offset with SS (e.g., -3 dB, 0 dB, 3 dB, 6 dB); Scrambling ID; Periodicity and offset; and / or QCL information (e.g., based on a TCI state).

[0100] A grant or an assignment may have one or more properties. Herein, a property of a grant or assignment may consist of at least one of the following: a frequency allocation; an aspect of time allocation, such as a duration; a priority; a modulation and coding scheme; a transport block size; a number of spatial layers; a number of transport blocks; a TCI state, CRI or SRI; a number of repetitions; whether the repetition scheme is Type A or Type B; whether the grant is a configured grant type 1 , type 2 or a dynamic grant; whether the assignment is a dynamic assignment or a semi-persistent scheduling (configured) assignment; a configured grant index or a semi-persistent assignment index; a periodicity of a configured grant or assignment; a channel access priority class (CAPC); and / or any parameter provided in a DCI, by MAC or by RRC for the scheduling the grant or assignment.

[0101] Herein, an indication by DCI may consist of at least one of the following: an explicit indication by a DCI field or by RNTI used to mask CRC of the PDCCH; and / or an implicit indication by a property such as DCI format, DCI size, Coreset or search space, Aggregation Level, first resource element of the received DCI (e.g., index of first Control Channel Element), where the mapping between the property and the value may be signaled by RRC or MAC. A DCI may be carried on the physical layer (e.g., PDCCH), and may be used to signal any downlink information and / or indications described herein to a WTRU.

[0102] Herein, RS may be interchangeably used with one or more of RS resource, RS resource set, RS port and RS port group, consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0103] Herein, RS may be interchangeably used with one or more of SSB, CSI-RS, SRS, DM-RS, TRS, PRS, and PTRS, consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0104] Herein, a reference signal may be interchangeably used with one or more of the following: Sounding reference signal (SRS); Channel state information - reference signal (CSI-RS); Demodulation reference signal (DM-RS); Phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS); and / or Synchronization signal block (SSB), consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0105] Herein, the term channel may be interchangeably used with one or more of following: PDCCH, PDSCH, Physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), Physical random access channel (PRACH), etc., consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0106] A key performance indicator (KPI) may refer to, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: Signal quality (e.g., L1-RSRP, SINR, CQI, RSSI, RSRQ); Prediction performance (e.g., Percentage of theTop-1 genie-aided (e.g., best) beam is one of the Top-K predicted beams); Link quality (e.g., throughput, block error rate (BLER)); Data distribution (e.g., mean and / or variance of measured and / or predicted beam measurements); and / or RSRP (e.g., L1-RSRP) difference (e.g., the difference between measured and predicted RSRP of a beam).

[0107] Herein, a signal, channel, and message (e.g., as in DL or UL signal, channel, and message) may be used interchangeably, consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0108] Herein, an RS resource set may be interchangeably used with a RS resource and a beam group, consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0109] Herin, beam reporting may be interchangeably used with CSI measurement, CSI reporting and beam measurement, consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0110] Herein, the disclosed embodiments for beam resources prediction may be used for beam resources belonging to a single or multiple cells as well as single or multiple TRPs, consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0111] Herein, CSI reporting may be interchangeably used with CSI measurement, beam reporting and beam measurement, consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0112] Herein, a RS resource set may be interchangeably used with a beam group, consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0113] Herein, a Set B may be interchangeably used with a set of: RS resource sets, beams, beam-pairs, beam RS resources, RS resources and / or a beam pattern.

[0114] Herein, Set B may be interchangeably used with measurement RS resources, measurement RS resource set, measurement beam resources, measurement beam resource set, measurement beam pattern, measurement TCI states, measurement TCI state group, etc., consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0115] Herein, a Set A may be interchangeably used with a set of: RS resource sets, beams, beam-pairs, beam RS resources, RS resources, and / or a beam pattern.

[0116] Herein, beam prediction accuracy may be interchangeably used with prediction accuracy, consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0117] Methods to configure and / or indicate / activate Set B may be disclosed herein. A WTRU may receive a configuration (e.g., via configuration information received from a network) of one or more RS resources.The WTRU may derive / construct / obtain associations of beams with an RS resource based on RS IDs (e.g., ssb-id e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-Resourceld). The resource ID associated with an RS resource may be a functionof logical beam IDs. For example, there may be a mapping between resource IDs of RS resources in an RS resource set. For example, a first resource ID may be associated with a first beam, a second resource ID may be associated with a second beam, etc. One or more resource IDs may be associated with the same beam (e. g., same QCL Type-D RS and / or same TCI state).

[0118] The WTRU may receive a configuration (e.g., via configuration information received from a network) of one or more RS resource sets containing one or more RS resources. The WTRU may derive / construct / obtain associations of beams with an RS resource based on the order of the configs in a resource set. An example is given in the following: Candidate RS resource set #1: RS resource #1 (beam #1), RS resource #2 (beam #2)...; Candidate RS resource set #2: RS resource #1 (beam #3), RS resource #2 (beam #5)...; Candidate RS resource set #3: RS resource #1 (beam #10), RS resource #2 (beam #11)...; etc.

[0119] As used herein, the term “activation” may be used to refer to associating a certain RS resource or group of resources with a resource set type (e.g., Set A, set B, neither set, etc.).

[0120] The RS resource configuration may contain an (e.g., explicit) indication whether the resource belongs to set A, set B, or neither set.

[0121] An (e.g., new) information element (IE) may be introduced within the resource configuration (e.g., in NZP-CSI-RS-Resource) that indicates whether that resource configuration belongs to set A, set B or neither. This IE may be transmitted via RRC signaling, for example as shown below:

[0122] The IE resourceType shown above may be the new IE.

[0123] Several variants of the above signaling may also be possible. For example, instead of one resourceType IE, two or more (e.g., two) Boolean lEs may be introduced (e.g., setA, setB). If both setA and setB are 0 (e.g., off), the configuration may indicate neitherSetAorB. Alternatively, three Boolean lEs may be introduced (e.g., setA, setB, neitherSetAorB), of which (e.g., only) one may be set to True in a given RS configuration. The choice may be limited to set A or set B, and if that IE is not included / configured, the resource may be considered to belong to neither set. The choice may be limited only to set B, and if that IE is not included / configured, the resource may be considered to belong to set A (or vice versa) (e.g., where a resource must necessarily belong to set A or set B, as such, instead of an enumerated structure, a Boolean IE may be sufficient (e.g., a Boolean IE named setBresource, if it is included indicating the resource belongs to set B, and if it is not included indicating the resource belongs to set A)).

[0124] A separate mapping of the RS resource configurations of set A, set B and / or neither may provided to the WTRU. To construct this mapping, the WTRU may be configured with an (e.g., new) IE, an example of which is provided below:

[0125] Based on this mapping configuration, the WTRU may be able to construct which resources belong to which Set type (e.g., Set A / B or neither). The above signalling may allow the network to easily change the resource type from one type to another (e.g., releasing it from one set and adding it to another set).

[0126] The WTRU may infer that a resource belongs to Set A or Set B if a configuration is not received associating the resource with set A or set B. Examples herein that show a configuration of Set A and Set B (e.g., or either Set A or set B) may include configurations of the neither set.

[0127] In certain situations (e.g., the case where the resource has to be associated with set A or set B (e.g., but not neither)), (e.g., only) the setAToAddModList / setAToReleaseList or setBToAddModList / setBToReleaseList lEs may be used, since if the WTRU is not indicated the resource belongs to set A, the WTRU may assume the resource belongs to set B, or vice versa.

[0128] The RS resource configs associated with Set B may be uniformly spaced within a resource set. For example, every Mh RS resource config within a resource set may be associated with Set B. The remaining resource configs within the resource set may be associated with Set A. The WTRU may be indicated with the spacing parameter (e.g., N) via RRC / MAC-CE and / or DCI. Every Mh resource ID within a resource set may be associated with Set B. The remaining resource IDs associated with the resource set may be associated with Set A. The first N or last N resource configs within a resource set may be associated with Set B, and remaining resource configs may be associated with Set A (or vice versa). The WTRU may receive (e.g., within resource Set config) a list of resource IDs belonging to Set B.

[0129] The WTRU may determine RSs (e.g., SSBs) associated with Set B based on SIB1 . For example, ssb-PositionsI nBurst may indicate SSBs associated with Set B (e.g., transmitted SSBs). For example, SIB1 may refer to system information block type 1 , which may contain basic system information for the WTRU to establish a connection to the network. Another (e.g., new) parameter (e.g., ssb-SetAPositionsI nBurst) may indicate positions of SSBs associated with Set A (e.g., SSBs with longer periodicity and / or SSBs that are not transmitted).

[0130] The WTRU may receive an indication (e.g., via one or more of MAC CE or DCI) that indicates to which set an RS resource belongs (e.g., having a similar effect as receiving the mapping configuration via RRC disclosed herein). For example, the indication may indicate that the explicitly indicated RS resources belong to set A (e.g., the MAC CE may have a header indicating this is a set A activation MAC CE, the number of indicated resources, and the resource IDs of the concerned RSs). Alternatively, the indication may indicate that the explicitly indicated RS resources belong to set A or set B (e.g., the MAC CE may have a header indicating that this is related to set type activation, a Boolean indicating whether the indicated resources are to be part of set A or set B, the number of indicated resources, and the resource IDs of the concerned RSs). Alternatively, the indication may indicate that the explicitly indicated RS resources belong to set A or set B (e.g., the MAC CE may have a header indicating this is a resource type activation / deactivation MAC CE, indicating the IDs of the resources to be considered as part of set A, and another list of IDs of the resources to be considered as part of set B, etc.).

[0131] The indication (e.g., via MAC-CE) may indicate / activate multiple resources within a range. For example, the indication may be designed to indicate a start resource ID (e.g., #10) and an end resource ID (e.g., #33), indicating one or more (e.g., all) the RSs in between will be set to the same resource type.

[0132] The indication may be of a bitmap, with a (e.g., each) bit associated with the resource ID, and the value of the bit indicating whether the resource belongs to set A or set B (e.g., a value of 0 indicating the concerned resource may belong to set A, value of 1 indicating the concerned resource may belong to set B, or vice versa). For example, assuming a maximum of 64 resources that may be configured, the indication may have 64 bits (e.g., 8 bytes), apart from the headers of the indication.

[0133] To reduce size of the indication, the WTRU may be pre-configured (e.g., via RRC) with several RS patterns (e.g., list of RS IDs), and the indication may include an ID to this pattern, and whether this pattern is to be part of set A or set B. An example is shown in FIG. 2, which illustrates an example of different set B / Set A patterns. In another example, there may be one or more RRC configurations, which may include Pattern #1 : {resource ID #1 , resource ID#3, resource ID #5, etc.}, Pattern #2: {resource ID #2, resource ID#4, resource ID #6, etc.}, and / or Pattern #3: {resource ID #1, resource ID#11 , resource ID #21 , etc.}, and so on. There may be an indication (e.g., via MAC CE and / or DCI) which may Contains a pattern ID and an indication whether the pattern ID belongs to set A or set B.

[0134] There may be separate indications for set A, set B and neitherSet Activation (e.g., no further flag needed in the header to include the set type).

[0135] If a resource must belong to set A or set B (e.g., cannot belong to neither), (e.g., only) one indication type may be required. For example, the indication may be defined as a type A activation, and resources that are not indicated may be considered to be of type B.

[0136] The pattern configuration may contain information about the set type, and when the WTRU receives the indication containing the pattern ID, the indication may associate the resources in the indicated pattern ID with the set type that is already configured for that pattern ID. For example, the pattern configuration in this case may be: Pattern #1: {set: A, resource ID #1 , resource ID#3, resource ID #5, etc.}; Pattern #2: {set: B, resource ID #1 , resource ID#3, resource ID #5, etc.}; Pattern #3: {set: A, resource ID #2, resource ID#4, resource ID #6, etc.}; and / or Pattern #4: {set: B, resource ID #1 , resource ID#11 , resource ID #21 , etc.}, and so on.

[0137] In another example, there may be separate pattern ID spaces for set A, set B, and neitherSet, and the indication may indicate which set this activation is referring to, and the ID of the pattern (e.g., there maybe two patterns with the same pattern ID, but one belonging to set A patterns and another belonging to set B patterns, etc.).

[0138] The WTRU may be pre-configured (e.g., via RRC) with several RS resource sets, and the indication may include one or more resource set I D(s). The resource set may also contain information about the association of a resource with a Set (e.g., either Set B, Set A not in Set B, or neither Set A nor Set B). An example is shown in FIG. 3, which illustrates an example of RS resource sets with different associations of RS resource with Set A / Set B or neither. For example, there may be Candidate RS resource set #1 : {Resource #1 (Set A), Resource #2 (Set B), Resource #3 (neither), .. .}; Candidate RS resource set #2: {Resource #1 (Set B), Resource #2 (neither), ...}; and / or Candidate RS resource set #3: {Resource #1 (neither), Resource #2 (Set B), Resource #3 (Set B), ...}.

[0139] The assignment of a resource to a certain set type according to any of the embodiments described herein (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE explicitly indicating resource IDs, MAC CE with bitmap associated with each resource ID, MAC CE referring to resource patterns, etc.,) may take effect (e.g., immediately) upon the reception of the indication from the network. For example, if the WTRU receives an indication from the network that resource ID #x is now part of set B, it may (e.g., immediately) start measuring that RS. In another example, if the WTRU receives an indication from the network that resource ID #x is no longer part of set B, it may (e.g., immediately) stop measuring it and instead start performing prediction of that RS.

[0140] The WTRU may wait a certain time duration before considering / applying the set type change for the indicated RS or group of RSs. In an example, the time duration may be specified in the 3GPP specifications. In another example, the RRC or MAC CE signaling may include an explicit indication of the time duration. In another example, the pattern configuration may include the time duration. For example, the WTRU may be configured with pattern #1 and pattern #2, (e.g., each) consisting of the same list of RS resource IDs, but with different time duration values.

[0141] The assignment of resources to a certain set type may have an effect (e.g., only) for a certain duration after the reception of the message (e.g., RRC message, MAC CE, etc.,) and after the time duration has elapsed, the resources may be re-assigned back to the default set type (e.g., the set type indicated in the RRC configuration of the resources, according to any of the RRC based association of a resource to a set type described herein). The time duration may be specified in the 3GPP specifications, or it may be either explicitly or implicitly indicated in the RRC / MAC CE signaling (e.g., in the patternconfigurations, there may be a time duration indication indicating for how long this pattern configuration may be valid, after that pattern gets activated).

[0142] The WTRU may send an assistance information regarding the set type for one or more RS resources (e.g., individual RS resource IDs and preferred set B, Set B pattern IDs to be activated, etc.,) depending on several factors such as WTRU mobility, performance of the beam prediction, LOS / NLOS detection, etc.

[0143] In an example, the WTRU may be configured / indicated (e.g., via RRC / MAC-CE / DCI) with a default RS resource and / or RS resourceSet association / type (e.g., Set A, Set B or neither RS resource / RS resource set). If the WTRU does not receive an explicit configuration / indication of a RS resource type, the WTRU may apply the default association to one or more of the configured RS resources and / or RS resource sets.

[0144] In an example, the WTRU may be configured / indicated with an association (e.g., Set A, Set B and / or neither resource) of one or more RS resources in two or more types / levels of configurations (e.g., via RRC in RS resource config and in RS resourceSet config). The WTRU may apply one of the configured / indicated associations for the RS resource. For example, the WTRU may apply the RS resource association received in the RS resource config. In another example, the WTRU may apply the RS resource association received in the RS resourceSet config.

[0145] The embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to RRC and MAC CE signaling. For example, solutions can be envisioned where the signaling can be realized by other means, such as DCI (e.g., DCIs defined that are used to indicate Set A / B patterns to activate / deactivate, etc.). Any information described herein as being indicated / signaled via RRC or MAC CE may additionally and / or alternatively be indicated / signaled via DCI.

[0146] The embodiments disclosed herein are to be considered exemplary and by no means limiting, and combinations or extensions of the different solutions are possible (e.g., a single RRC / MAC CE signaling that activates / deactivates several RS patterns, etc.).

[0147] Methods to support transmission of Set A resources not in Set B may be disclosed herein.

[0148] A WTRU may receive, be configured, and / or indicated with configuration information on one or more Reference Signal (RS) resources. In an example, the configuration information may include the RS resource mapping that may consist of configured time and frequency resources, number of ports, CDM types, density of RS resource, etc. FIG. 4 illustrates an example of CSI-RS resource mapping parameters. The WTRU may receive, be configured, and / or indicated with configuration information on one or moreNZP and / or ZP CSI-RS resources. For example, the configuration may include power control configurations, periodicity, slot offset, etc. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of NZP CSI-RS resource configuration parameters. FIGs. 4 and 5 are non-limiting examples of the parameters that may be included in configurations for CSI-RS resources. One or more of those parameters may be included. The number of bits and choices for each parameter shown in FIGs. 4 and 5 are examples. Other numbers of bits or choices may be included.

[0149] A WTRU may determine, be provided with, and / or be configured with a set of Set A beams, where the resources configured in the Set A may not be transmitted, or they may be transmitted with a longer periodicity compared to Set B beam resources.

[0150] A WTRU may receive, be configured, and / or indicated with configuration information regarding Set A beams, where the Set A configuration may be based on explicit or implicit indications.

[0151] For explicit indications, the WTRU may explicitly receive a flag indication, for example as part of RS resources’ configuration parameters (e.g., in RS resource-Config or resourceSet-Config). In an example, if the flag indication has a first value (e.g., value 0), the WTRU may determine that the corresponding RS may not be transmitted, and that the RS belongs to Set A beams. If the flag indication has a second value (e.g., value 1), the WTRU may determine that the corresponding RS will be transmitted, and that the RS belongs to Set B beams.

[0152] For implicit indications, the WTRU may receive configuration information for one or more ZP and / or NZP CSI-RS resources, where the resource mapping configurations may be absent. If the information on resource mapping is absent, the WTRU may determine that the corresponding RS belongs to Set A beams. In another example, the WTRU may receive configuration information for one or more ZP and / or NZP CSI- RS resources, where the resource mapping configurations may have a (pre)configured or a reserved value (e.g, all zero, NULL, all one, etc.). In case the information on resource mapping includes the (pre)configured reserved value, the WTRU may determine that the corresponding RS belongs to Set A beams.

[0153] A WTRU may determine configuration information on the Set A beams based on the received, configured, and / or indicated configuration information on Set A beams. For example, the WTRU may use one or more configurations on Set B beams for configuring the Set A beams. In an example, the WTRU may receive indications and / or configurations to use one or more configurations for Set B beams for configuring one or more configurations in Set A beams.

[0154] The WTRU may be configured to use configurations for Set B beams, for example on Resource Mapping, time offset, etc. for configuring Set A beams. In another example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more new parameters to be used along with the configured configurations in Set B beams to determine configuration information on Set B beams. For example, the new parameters may be offset values, coefficients, multipliers, etc. In an example, the WTRU may be configured with a coefficient ( / V) to be used for determining the periodicity of Set A beams based on periodicity of Set B beams. For example, the WTRU may determine the periodicity of Set A beams by multiplying the received, configured, and / or indicated coefficient ( / V) by the configured periodicity of Set B beams.

[0155] If the WTRU is not configured with reference Set B or one or more configurations such as Resource Mapping, the WTRU may determine to not measure Set A beams.

[0156] If the WTRU is configured with one or more RS resources as “neither”, the WTRU may use rate matching for the resources corresponding to those RS resources. For example, the WTRU may not use the one or more RS resources for receiving PDSCH and / or transmitting PUSCH. In this case, the WTRU may not use the corresponding RS resources for measurement and / or reporting.

[0157] Methods to configure and indicate TCI states for Set A and / or Set B may be disclosed herein.

[0158] A WTRU may activate and / or receive one or more TCI states based on the configured / activate / indicated Set A and Set B.

[0159] The WTRU may receive a configuration (e.g., configuration information) of one or more of the following TCI-states associated with configured RSs: TCI-states associated with RSs associated with a Set B (e.g., where each TCI state may be associated with one or more RSs for Set B); and / or TCI-states associated with RSs associated with Set A not in Set B (e.g., where each TCI state may be associated with one or more RSs for Set A not in Set B).

[0160] The association may be based on one or more of an RRC configuration and / or a MAC CE / DCI. Where the association is based on an RRC configuration, an associated RS resource ID, which may be Set A not in Set B, or Set B, may be configured in a TCI state (e.g., as a QCL Type-D reference RS). A TCI state ID may be configured in an associated RS resource configuration. A (e.g, each) associated RS resource may be Set A not in Set B, or Set B. Where the association is based on MAC CE / DCI, the WTRU may receive an indication of the association via MAC CE / DCI. For example, MAC CE / DCI may indicate an associated RS resource ID for a (e.g, each) TCI state of one or more TCI states. In another example, the WTRU may receive an indication of a preconfigured association between TCI states and RS resources. Forexample, two or more associations between TCI states and RS resources may be preconfigured. MAC CE / DCI may indicate an ID of two or more preconfigured associations for activation.

[0161] Based on the association between RS resources and the indication of Set A not in Set B, Set B, or neither for RS resources, the WTRU may determine one or more of types of TCI states. For example, based on the association between TCI states and RS resources, the WTRU may identify an associated RS resource for a (e.g. , each) TCI state. Based on the associated RS resource, the WTRU may identify a type of the associated RS resource (e.g., Set A not in Set B, Set B, or neither). Based on the identified type of the associated RS resource with the TCI states, the WTRU may determine a type of TCI state. The type of TCI state may be one or more of a first type of a TCI state, a second type of a TCI state, a third type of a TCI state, or a fourth type of a TCI state.

[0162] The type of TCI state may be a first type of TCI state. For example, the first type of TCI state may be a TCI state associated with RSs associated with Set B.

[0163] The type of TCI state may be a second type of TCI state. For example, the second type of TCI state may be associated with RSs of Set A not in Set B which are transmitted (e.g., RSs of Set A whose resourceMapping is configured in each RS resource-Config, and / or RSs of Set A for which a reference Set B is configured for resourceMapping).

[0164] The type of TCI state may be a third type of TCI state. For example, the third type of TCI states may be associated with RSs of Set A not in Set B which are not transmitted (e.g., RSs of Set A with a whose resourceMapping is not configured in RS resource-Config, and / or RSs of Set A for which a reference Set B is not configured for resourceMapping).

[0165] The type of TCI state may be a fourth type of TCI state. For example, the fourth type of TCI states may be associated with RSs of neither set A nor set B.

[0166] The WTRU may receive an indication of types (e.g., Set A not in Set B, Set B, or neither) of associated RS resources via one or more of RRC, MAC CE and DCI.

[0167] The second type of TCI state and the third type of TCI state may be categorized into a (e.g., one) TCI state type. For example, TCI states may be categorized into one or more (e.g., three) types as a first type (Set B), a second type (Set A not in Set B), and a third type (neither).

[0168] Based on the identified types of TCI states, the WTRU may activate one or more TCI states, and may receive an indication of a TCI state among the activated one or more TCI states. The WTRU may receive an indication of the mode of operation via one or more of RRC, MAC CE and DCI. The WTRU may activate the one or more TCI states based on the mode of operation based on one or more of the following:a first mode of operation (e.g., a non-AI / ML mode); a second mode of operation (e.g., an AI / ML mode); and / or a third mode of operation (e.g., AI / ML mode with measured beams).

[0169] The WTRU may activate the one or more TCI states based on a first mode of operation (e.g., a non-AI / ML mode). If the WTRU determines to use the first mode of operation, the WTRU may activate first- type TCI states (e.g., Set B) among the configured TCI states.

[0170] The WTRU may activate the one or more TCI states based on a second mode of operation (e.g., an AI / ML mode). If the WTRU determines to use the second mode of operation, the WTRU may activate the first-type TCI states, second-type TCI states (e.g., transmitted Set A not in Set B) and third-type TCI states (e.g., non-transmitted Set A not in Set B).

[0171] The WTRU may activate the one or more TCI states based on a third mode of operation (e.g., an AI / ML mode with measured beams). If the WTRU determines to use the third mode of operation, the WTRU may activate the first-type TCI states and the second-type TCI states (e.g., transmitted Set A not in Set B).

[0172] The fourth type of TCI states may not be activated.

[0173] The WTRU may receive an indication of one or more TCI states among the activated TCI states.

[0174] The WTRU may determine a TCI state activation time of the one or more activated TCI states based on types of activated TCI states and mode of operation. For example, if the WTRU activates the first- type TCI states (e.g., Set B) among the configured TCI states (e.g., first mode of operation), the WTRU may apply a first value of an activation time. If the WTRU activates the first-type TCI states, second-type TCI states (e.g., transmitted Set A not in Set B) and third-type TCI states (e.g., non-transmitted Set A not in Set B) (e.g., second mode of operation), the WTRU may apply a second value of the activation time. If the WTRU activates the first-type TCI states and the second-type TCI states (e.g., transmitted Set A not in Set B) (e.g., third mode of operation), the WTRU may apply a third value of the activation time. The amounts of the first value, the second value and the third value of activation time may be such that the first value < the third value < the second value.

[0175] Based on the identified application time, the WTRU may activate one or more TCI states. The activation time may be based on one or more of the following: an indication of RS resource types; an indication of mode of operation; and / or an ACK of the WTRU.

[0176] The activation time may be based on an indication of RS resource types. For example, after a first amount of time (e.g., X1) from start / end of the indication of RS resource types (e.g., via one or more of RRC, MAC CE and DCI), the WTRU may activate the one or more TCI states.

[0177] The activation time may be based on an indication of a mode of operation. For example, after a second amount of time (e.g. , X2) from start / end of the indication of mode of operation (e.g, via one or more of RRC, MAC CE and DCI), the WTRU may activate the one or more TCI states.

[0178] The activation time may be based on an ACK of the WTRU. For example, after a third amount of time (e.g., X3) from start / end of the ACK from the WTRU (e.g., via one or more of PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH and UL RS transmission) on the indication of RS resource types and / or the indication of mode of operation, the WTRU may activate the one or more TCI states. The first, second, and third amounts of time (e.g., X1 , X2, and X3) may be the same or different.

[0179] Methods to indicate / report beams and / or beam measurements / predictions of Set A and Set B may be disclosed herein.

[0180] The WTRU may receive a configuration / indication (e.g., via RRC / MAC-CE / DCI) of AI / ML inference / training location (e.g., WTRU-side and / or gNB-side). In a solution, the WTRU may determi ne / select a CSI reporting mode in one or more of the following ways.

[0181] The WTRU may determine / select a first CSI-Reporting mode (e.g., reporting CSI of measured beams / RSs, e.g., reporting mode for Set B, e.g., reporting mode for legacy (non AIML) beam management) or a second CSI-Reporting mode (e.g., reporting for both predicted beams and measured beams / RSs, e.g., reporting mode for Set A) based on RRC configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig) and / or MAC-CE activation / deactivation and / or DCI indication. The WTRU may be configured with an RRC configuration parameter indicating the reporting mode to the WTRU (e.g., for periodic CSI-reporting). The WTRU may receive an activation / deactivation signaling for the CSI-Reporting mode via MAC-CE (e.g., for semi- persistent CSI-Report). The WTRU may determine a CSI-Reporting mode via an indication parameter in DCI (e.g., for aperiodic CSI-Report).

[0182] The WTRU may be configured / indicated with (e.g, via RRC / MAC-CE and / or DCI, e.g, corresponding to the type of reporting (e.g, periodic / semi-persistent or aperiodic)) with CSI-reporting for both reporting modes. The WTRU may be configured / indicated with a maximum number of CRIs / SS BRIs and / or RS IDs and / or beam / RS qualities to report in a (e.g, single) CSI-report for the first CSI reporting mode. The WTRU may be configured / indicated with a maximum number of predicted beams (e.g, number of CRIs / SSBRIs and / or RS IDs) in a (e.g, single) CSI-report for the second CSI reporting mode.

[0183] If the WTRU determines / selects the first CS I- Reporti n g mode, the WTRU may perform one or more of the following actions. The WTRU may report up to the configured / indicated maximum number of CRIs / SSBRIs associated with Set B with corresponding RS / beam qualities (e.g, RSRPs, RSSI, CQI, SI NR,Rl, PMI etc.). The WTRU may report up to the configured / indicated maximum number of RS IDs associated with Set A with corresponding RS / beam qualities. The WTRU may report up to the configured / indicated max number of RS / beam qualities (e.g. , without indicating RS ID and / or CRI / SSBRIs) of RSs associated with Set B. For example, the WTRU may report beam qualities in order of RS IDs. The WTRU may report RS / beam qualities of RSs associated with one or more configured / activated / indicated RS / beam pattern(s) (e.g., for RS / beam pattern I D(s) associated with a Set B). For example, the WTRU may report beam / RS qualities associated with a pattern ID in the order of RS IDs. The WTRU may report pattern IDs and associated beam / RS qualities (e.g., in order of RS IDs). The WTRU may determine to preclude certain beam / RS patterns from pattern-based reporting (e.g., based on the condition that the number of resources not in Set A and / or not in Set B associated with a pattern ID are greater than a threshold (e.g., threshold pre-configured / indicated via RRC / MAC-CE / DCI)), and the WTRU may preclude that pattern ID from pattern based reporting.

[0184] A payload size of the first CSI reporting mode may be based on one or more of the following: a number of configured / indicated RS resources associated with Set B and / or a maximum number of configured / indicated RS resources associated with Set B.

[0185] A payload size of the first CSI reporting mode may be based on a number of configured / indicated RS resources associated with Set B. For example, the WTRU may determine the payload size based on RS resources indicated as Set B (e.g., ceil(log2(number of RS resources indicated as SetB)). For example, if an indication of beam pattern indicates 4 RS resources as Set B, 2 bits of payload size may be used. If the indication of beam pattern indicates 5 RS resources, 3 bits of payload may be used.

[0186] A payload size of the first CSI reporting mode may be based on a maximum number of configured / indicated RS resources associated with Set B. For example, the WTRU may determine the payload size based on maximum number of RS resources to be activated / indicated as Set B (e.g., ceil(log2(maximum number of RS resources indicated as SetB)). For example, if the maximum number of activated / indicated RS resources is 8, 3 bits of payload size may be used. If the maximum number of activated / indicated of RS resources is 16, 4 bits of payload may be used. The maximum number may be indicated via one or more of RRC, MAC CE, or DCI.

[0187] If the WTRU determines / selects the second CSI -Report! ng mode, the WTRU may perform one or more of the following actions. The WTRU may report up to the configured / indicated maximum number of CRIs / SSBRIs and / or RS IDs associated with Set B and / or Set A not in Set B (e.g., precluding resources associated with neither Set B nor Set A) with corresponding RS / beam qualities (e.g., RSRPs, RSSI, CQI,SINR, Rl, PMI etc.). For example, the WTRLI may report CRIs / SSBRIs and / or RS IDs of Top-K beams / RSs out of one or more (e.g., all) measured and predicted beams (e.g., RS resources associated with Set A and Set A not in Set B) (e.g., in order of beam qualities e.g., in order of RSRPs) where K (e.g., Top 4, Top 8) may be configured / indicated to WTRU via RRC / MAC-CE / DCI (e.g., via CSI-ReportConfig). Additionally, the WTRU may send an indication (e.g., corresponding to each indicated / reported CRI / SSBRI / RS ID or corresponding to CRIs / SSBRIs / RS IDs associated with Set B) indicating whether a reported beam / RS quality is measured and predicted.

[0188] A payload size of the second CSI reporting mode may be based on one or more of the following: a number of configured / indicated RS resources associated with Set B and Set A not in Set B; and / or a maximum number of configured / indicated RS resources associated with Set B and Set A not in Set B.

[0189] A payload size of the second CSI reporting mode may be based on a number of configured / indicated RS resources associated with Set B and Set A not in Set B. For example, the WTRU may determine the payload size based on RS resources indicated as Set B and Set A not in Set B (e.g., ceil (Iog2(number of RS resources indicated as SetB and Set A not in Set B)). For example, if an indication of beam pattern indicates 8 RS resources as Set B and Set A not in Set B, 3 bits of payload size may be used. If the indication of beam pattern indicates 16 RS resources, 4 bits of payload may be used.

[0190] A payload size of the second CSI reporting mode may be based on a maximum number of configured / indicated RS resources associated with Set B and Set A not in Set B. For example, the WTRU may determine the payload size based on a maximum number of RS resources to be activated / indicated as Set B and Set A not in Set B (e.g., ceil(log2(maximum number of RS resources indicated as SetB and Set A not in Set B)). For example, if the max number of activated / indicated RS resources is 16, 4 bits of payload size may be used. If the maximum number of activated / indicated of RS resources is 32, 5 bits of payload may be used. The maximum number may be indicated via one or more of RRC, MAC CE or DCI.

[0191] Methods to support measurement and prediction sets in beam management for AI / ML systems may be disclosed herein. A WTRU may receive an indication (e.g., via RRC configuration and / or MAC CE) to associate a set of RSs with a first set (Set A), a second set (Set B) or neither. Based on the indication, the WTRU may determine one or more RS resource transmission parameters, and / or a set of activated TCI states and the resources for which the WTRU may report measurements.

[0192] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of supporting measurement and prediction sets in beam management for AI / ML systems. The WTRU may receive a configuration of one or more RS resources. The WTRU may derive an association of beams with a resource based on Resource IDs. A (e.g., each) RS resource may beconfigured with one or more sets of parameters (e.g., transmission periodicity, resource mapping configuration, TCI states).

[0193] As shown at 602 in FIG. 6, the WTRU may receive a reporting configuration (e.g., in a CSI-Report config) indicating whether to report measurements for beams in a first set (Set A) and / or measurements for beams in a second set (Set B). For example, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating whether to report measurements for one or more of a first set of RS resources or a second set of RS resources. A (e.g., each) RS resource of the first set of RS resources and / or the second set of RS resources may be associated with a respective TCI state.

[0194] At 604, the WTRU may receive a first indication to associate one or more RS resource(s) with a first set (Set A), a second set (Set B), or to neither set. For example, the WTRU may receive an indication to associate the one or more RS resources with the first set of RS resources, the second set of RS resources, or neither the first set nor the second set of RS resources. For example, the indication may be received via MAC CE or RRC configuration. The WTRU may receive a bit map via MAC-CE indicating whether a resource belongs to Set A not in Set B, Set B, or neither (e.g., the first set of RS resources, the second set of RS resources, or neither the first nor the second set of RS resources). Alternatively, RRC configured patterns and / or a MAC CE based indication may be used. The WTRU may receive an RRC indication of one or more patterns of RS resources associated with (e.g., that can form) the second set (Set B), where a (e.g., each) pattern may be associated with a Pattern ID. The RRC indication may include one or more pattern IDs. For example, a first pattern (e.g., Set B Pattern #1) may be associated with RS resource ID #1 , RS resource ID #3, RS resource ID #5... etc. and a second pattern (Set B Pattern #2) may be associated with RS resource ID #2, RS resource ID #3, RS resource ID #4...etc. The WTRU may determine that a first pattern of the plurality of patterns is associated with a first RS resource and a second RS resource, and may associate each of the first RS resource and the second RS resource with one or more of the first set of RS resources or the second set of RS resources.

[0195] The MAC CE may activate one or more patterns among the RRC configured patterns. The WTRU may determine the RS parameters of the RSs in the MAC CE-indicated pattern(s) (e.g., longest transmission periodicity for RSs in first Set (Set A) and shortest transmission periodicity for RSs in second set (Set B)). The WTRU may receive an additional indication of pattern application + validity time (e.g., Set B Pattern #1 applicable for time t to t + 3, Set B Pattern #2 applicable for t+3 to until de-activation indication (semi static)). The WTRU may receive one or more pattern indexes for a given time instances (e.g., t, t+3, t+6, ...).

[0196] The WTRU may receive RRC based candidate RS resource set configurations + MAC-CE activation. A (e.g., each) RRC based candidate RS resource set configuration may associate a first set (SetA), or a second set (Set B), or neither with the RS resources of the candidate RS resource set. For example, Candidate RS resource set #1 may be associated with Resource #1 (Set A), Resource #2 (SetB), Resource #3 (neither); Candidate RS resource set #2 may be associated with Resource #1 (Set B), Resource #2 (neither); and / or Candidate RS resource set #3 may be associated with Resource #1 (neither), Resource #2 (Set B), Resource #3 (Set B), and so forth.

[0197] At 606, based on the first indication and configuration, the WTRU may determine one or more of: resource mapping configuration for resources in the first set (Set A), second set (Set B), or neither set, reference second set (Set B) resource(s) for first set (Set A) resource(s), and / or an RS resource parameter. For example, the WTRU may determine, based on the indication and the configuration information, one or more of a resource mapping configuration for resources in the first set of RS resources or the second set of RS resources, a reference set of resources for the resources in the first set of RS resources, or an RS resource parameter. For example, the resource mapping configuration for resources associated with Set A may be determined via a (e.g., explicit) gNB indication. Alternatively, the reference second set (Set B) and / or RS resource parameter (e.g., relative periodicity of Set A resources, for example relative to reference Set B resources) may be configured. For example, the WTRU may determine, for a first RS resource, at least one of a transmission periodicity associated with the first RS resource, a resource mapping configuration associated with the first RS resource, or a TCI state associated with the first RS resource. The WTRU may use the reference Set B and RS parameter (e.g., relative periodicity) to determine resource mapping for one or more Set A resources. Configuring reference Set B beams for Set A beams (e.g., configuration of a RS resource ID) may be performed (e.g., not configuring explicit parameters but configuring relative values e.g, actual periodicity = N x periodicity of reference Set B beam). Some configuration parameters may be reused (e.g, ResourceMapping configuration in Set B beams can be reused for Set A beams). For RS resource configured with neither, the WTRU may use the RS resource(s) for rate matching but may not include the RS resource(s) for measurement and reporting.

[0198] At 608, the WTRU may activate one or more TCI states associated with RSs associated with a second set (Set B) or only associated with a first set (Set A) and not a second set (Set B). For example, the WTRU may activate one or more TCI states associated with RSs associated with the second set of RS resources or RSs associated only with the first set of RS resources and not the second set of RS resources. At 610, the WTRU may report measurements for one or more beams, where the one or morebeams are determined based on the first indication and configuration (e.g., measurements associated with the one or more activated TCI states). If the associated CSI reporting config is configured for reporting of second set (Set B) measurements, the measurements may be CRI-SSBRI based. The WTRU may report CRIs / SSBRIs that map (e.g., only) to RS resources which are indicated as second set (Set B) (e.g., by MAC CE). Pattern based reporting may be performed. The WTRU may report qualities of one or more (e.g., all) the RSs associated with the activated Set B pattern (e.g., in order of resource IDs). If the WTRU reports qualities of multiple patterns in one report, the WTRU may report pattern IDs, and associated qualities (e.g., in order of resource IDs). If the number of resources associated with neither set that are also associated with a pattern are more than a threshold, then the WTRU may preclude that pattern for pattern based reporting.

[0199] If associated CSI reporting config is configured for reporting of first set (Set A) beams, the WTRU may report Top-K beams in CSI-Report. The reporting may be CRI based. The WTRU may report CRIs that map (e.g., only) to RS resources which are indicated as first set (Set A) not second set (Set B), and RS resources which are indicated as second set (Set B) (e.g., by MAC CE). RS resources which are indicated as neither may not be reported.

[0200] One or more of the embodiments described herein may enable the WTRU to dynamically associate a set of RSs to a Set A, a Set B or neither (e.g., in case of multiple WTRU configuration by the network). Moreover, the embodiments may enable WTRU reporting of unmeasured / predicted beams, for which RS resources are not transmitted.

Claims

CLAIMS:1 . A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising a processor configured to: receive configuration information, the configuration information indicating whether to report measurements for one or more of a first set of RS resources or a second set of RS resources; receive an indication to associate one or more reference signal (RS) resources with the first set of RS resources, the second set of RS resources, or neither the first set nor the second set of RS resources; determine, based on the indication and the configuration information, one or more of a resource mapping configuration for resources in the first set of RS resources or the second set of RS resources, a reference set of resources for the resources in the first set of RS resources, or an RS resource parameter; activate one or more TCI states associated with RSs associated with the second set of RS resources or RSs associated only with the first set of RS resources and not the second set of RS resources; and report measurements associated with the one or more activated TCI states.

2. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the indication is received via MAC CE.

3. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to receive a plurality of patterns of RS resources associated with the second set of RS resources.

4. The WTRU of claim 3, wherein each pattern of the plurality of patterns is associated with a respective pattern identifier (ID), and wherein the indication comprises one or more pattern IDs.

5. The WTRU of claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to: determine that a first pattern of the plurality of patterns is associated with a first RS resource and a second RS resource; and associate each of the first RS resource and the second RS resource with one or more of the first set of RS resources or the second set of RS resources.

6. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the processor being configured to report measurements associated with the one or more activated TCI states comprises the processor being configured to report respective qualities of the one or more RSs associated with the one or more activated TCI states.

7. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the processor being configured to report measurements associated with the one or more activated TCI states comprises the processor being configured to report one or more of a channel resource indicator (CRI) or a synchronization signal block resource indicator (SSBRI) associated with an RS resource associated with the second set of RS resources.

8. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein each TCI state of the first set of RS resources and the second set of RS resources is associated with one or more of a first type of TCI state, a second type of TCI state, a third type of TCI state, or a fourth type of TCI state.

9. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor being configured to determine an RS resource parameter comprises the processor being configured to determine, for a first RS resource, at least one of a transmission periodicity associated with the first RS resource, a resource mapping configuration associated with the first RS resource, or a TCI state associated with the first RS resource.

10. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the indication comprises a bitmap indicating whether at least one RS resource is associated with the first set of RS resources, the second set of RS resources, or neither the first nor the second set of RS resources.

11. A method comprising: receiving configuration information, the configuration information indicating whether to report measurements for one or more of a first set of RS resources or a second set of RS resources; receiving an indication to associate one or more reference signal (RS) resources with the first set of RS resources, the second set of RS resources, or neither the first set nor the second set of RS resources; determining, based on the indication and the configuration information, one or more of a resource mapping configuration for resources in the first set of RS resources or the second set of RS resources, a reference set of resources for the resources in the first set of RS resources, or an RS resource parameter; activating one or more TCI states associated with RSs associated with the second set of RS resources or RSs associated only with the first set of RS resources and not the second set of RS resources; and reporting measurements associated with the one or more activated TCI states.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the indication is received via MAC CE.

13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising receiving a plurality of patterns of RS resources associated with the second set of RS resources.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein each pattern of the plurality of patterns is associated with a respective pattern identifier (ID), and wherein the indication comprises one or more pattern IDs.

15. The method of claim 13, further comprising: determining that a first pattern of the plurality of patterns is associated with a first RS resource and a second RS resource; and associating each of the first RS resource and the second RS resource with one or more of the first set of RS resources or the second set of RS resources.

16. The method of claim 11 , wherein reporting measurements associated with the one or more activated TCI states comprises reporting respective qualities of the one or more RSs associated with the one or more activated TCI states.

17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the processor being configured to report measurements associated with the one or more activated TCI states comprises the processor being configured to report one or more of a channel resource indicator (CRI) or a synchronization signal block resource indicator (SSBRI) associated with an RS resource associated with the second set of RS resources.

18. The method of claim 11, wherein each TCI state of the first set of RS resources and the second set of RS resources is associated with one or more of a first type of TCI state, a second type of TCI state, a third type of TCI state, or a fourth type of TCI state.

19. The method of claim 11 , wherein determining an RS resource parameter comprises the determining, for a first RS resource, at least one of a transmission periodicity associated with the first RS resource, a resource mapping configuration associated with the first RS resource, or a TCI state associated with the first RS resource.

20. The method of claim 11, wherein the indication comprises a bitmap indicating whether at least one RS resource is associated with the first set of RS resources, the second set of RS resources, or neither the first nor the second set of RS resources.

Images