Spatially coupled constant composition distribution matching
By employing a two-phase encoding and decoding process with subsequence composition selections and parallel CCDM operations, the latency issues in CCMD are addressed, enabling efficient and low-latency symbol sequence processing in probabilistic amplitude shaping architectures.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/086318
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-16
AI Technical Summary
Arithmetic coding techniques for constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) in probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) architectures suffer from rate loss and increased latency due to their serial nature, particularly when implemented with very long sequence lengths, which degrades performance in latency-sensitive applications.
Implement a transmitter and receiver system that performs subsequence composition selections and parallel CCDM operations in two phases to encode and decode symbol sequences efficiently, reducing latency and maintaining performance with shorter CCDM blocks.
The proposed techniques reduce encoding and decoding latency while maintaining performance comparable to long CCDM blocks, achieving efficient realization of target probability distributions using arithmetic coding methods.
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Figure CN2024086318_16102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SPATIALLY COUPLED CONSTANT COMPOSITION DISTRIBUTION MATCHING
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods associated with spatially coupled constant composition distribution matching.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services that may include carrying voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. The services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services, among other examples. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0004] The above multiple-access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) may be designed to better support Internet of things (IoT) and reduced capability device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansions, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other radio access technologies such as 6G may be introduced, to further advance mobile broadband evolution.
[0005] Probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) , sometimes referred to as probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) , is a coded modulation technique in which constellation shaping is combined with channel coding. For example, in existing wireless networks, coherent transmission is typically based on quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) , where data bits are encoded into a constellation in which each point is a unique combination of phase and amplitude. In QAM and other traditional modulation techniques, each constellation point has the same probability of being used, whereby outer constellation points that have a higher amplitude and consume more energy and / or power have the same probability of being used as inner constellation points that have a lower amplitude and consume less energy and / or power. In an architecture that uses PAS and / or PCS, referred to herein as a PAS architecture, lower energy / power constellations may be used more frequently, enabling benefits such as enhanced granularity and improved noise tolerance. For example, in a PAS architecture, a distribution matching (DM) component may receive a uniform bit sequence with equal probabilities, and the DM component may convert the uniform bit sequence into symbols with a desired probability distribution (for example, Gaussian) . Accordingly, by using inner constellation points associated with a lower energy and / or a lower power more frequently than outer constellation points associated with a higher energy and / or a higher power, a PAS architecture may enable granular control over a quantity of bits per symbol and improved spectral efficiency with better noise tolerance and / or fewer nonlinearities relative to traditional QAM, among other examples.
[0006] As described herein, the DM component is a key component in a PAS transmission architecture, and is generally configured to transform sequences of uniform bits to sequences of per-dimension amplitudes, aiming at inducing a target probability distribution, over an underlying amplitude alphabet. However, the transformation from uniform bits to per-dimension amplitudes needs to be invertible such that a receiver can correctly reconstruct the input (for example, the uniform bits) given the output (for example, the per-dimension amplitudes) from the DM component. Accordingly, in some cases, a DM component in a PAS transmission architecture may perform fixed-to-fixed DM, which imposes deterministic lengths for input and output sequences (for example, a length of an input sequence, k, and a length of an output sequence, n, are deterministic quantities) . For example, a DM component may be designed to perform low-complexity and invertible fixed-to-fixed DM, with a rate k / nthat is close to entropy bits per symbol (for example, the output is close to independent and identically distributed in accordance with the target probability distribution, ) . In some cases, a DM component may perform fixed-to-fixed DM in accordance with constant composition DM (CCDM) techniques, where all length-n symbol sequences have a target composition k* regardless of the value of n. Accordingly, sequences with a constant composition may be used as output candidates in a PAS architecture, because such sequences represent a collection of typical realizations in accordance with the independent and identical distribution provide a bit-wise marginal distribution that satisfies the target probability distribution and are efficiently realized using arithmetic coding methods.
[0007] However, arithmetic coding techniques used for CCDM pose various challenges, including rate loss and increased latency. For example, although an empirical symbol-wise marginal distribution induced by CCDM is close to the target probability distribution for an underlying amplitude alphabet, the joint distribution induced by CCDM tends to vary from the corresponding independent and identical distribution for As a result, the DM rate is away from entropy which causes a large rate loss that is typically mitigated using very long sequence lengths. However, CCDM encoding and decoding are essentially implemented only in serial, due to the serial nature of the underlying arithmetic coding methods. Accordingly, when CCDM is implemented with very long block lengths or sequence lengths, using serial CCDM encoding and decoding techniques may increase encoding and decoding latency and thereby degrade performance for latency-stringent applications.SUMMARY
[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a transmitter for wireless communication. The transmitter may include one or more memories storing processor readable code and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively operable to cause the transmitter to encode an input sequence that includes a plurality of information bits, wherein the processing system, to encode the input sequence, may be configured to cause the transmitter to perform one or more subsequence composition selections to generate, from the input sequence, a plurality of subsequence compositions that are each associated with a respective index and a respective set of candidate subsequences; perform a plurality of constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) operations to encode the respective indexes associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to one subsequence in the respective set of candidate subsequences associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to generate a plurality of encoded subsequences; and concatenate the plurality of encoded subsequences to generate an encoded symbol sequence having a target composition. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively operable to cause the transmitter to transmit, to a receiver over a wireless channel, a signal associated with the encoded symbol sequence.
[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a receiver for wireless communication. The receiver may include one or more memories storing processor readable code and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively operable to cause the receiver to receive, from a transmitter over a wireless channel, a signal associated with a symbol sequence. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively operable to cause the receiver to decode the symbol sequence to recover an information bit sequence, wherein the processing system, to decode the symbol sequence, is configured to cause the receiver to perform CCDM subsequence decoding to recover a plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions associated with the symbol sequence; and perform index combining for the plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions to determine a decoded integer index associated with the information bit sequence.
[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to a method for wireless communication by a transmitter. The method may include encoding an input sequence that includes a plurality of information bits, wherein encoding the input sequence may include performing one or more subsequence composition selections to generate, from the input sequence, a plurality of subsequence compositions that are each associated with a respective index and a respective set of candidate subsequences; performing a plurality of CCDM operations to encode the respective indexes associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to one subsequence in the respective set of candidate subsequences associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to generate a plurality of encoded subsequences; and concatenating the plurality of encoded subsequences to generate an encoded symbol sequence having a target composition. The method may include transmitting, to a receiver over a wireless channel, a signal associated with the encoded symbol sequence.
[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to a method for wireless communication by a receiver. The method may include receiving, from a transmitter over a wireless channel, a signal associated with a symbol sequence. The method may include decoding the symbol sequence to recover an information bit sequence, wherein decoding the symbol sequence may include, performing CCDM subsequence decoding to recover a plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions associated with the symbol sequence; and performing index combining for the plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions to determine a decoded integer index associated with the information bit sequence..
[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a transmitter. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the transmitter, may cause the transmitter to encode an input sequence that includes a plurality of information bits, wherein the set of instructions that cause the transmitter to encode the input sequence may cause the transmitter to perform one or more subsequence composition selections to generate, from the input sequence, a plurality of subsequence compositions that are each associated with a respective index and a respective set of candidate subsequences; perform a plurality of CCDM operations to encode the respective indexes associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to one subsequence in the respective set of candidate subsequences associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to generate a plurality of encoded subsequences; and concatenate the plurality of encoded subsequences to generate an encoded symbol sequence having a target composition. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the transmitter, may cause the transmitter to transmit, to a receiver over a wireless channel, a signal associated with the encoded symbol sequence.
[0013] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a receiver. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the receiver, may cause the receiver to receive, from a transmitter over a wireless channel, a signal associated with a symbol sequence. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the receiver, may cause the receiver to decode the symbol sequence to recover an information bit sequence, wherein the set of instructions that cause the receiver to decode the symbol sequence may cause the receiver to perform CCDM subsequence decoding to recover a plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions associated with the symbol sequence; and perform index combining for the plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions to determine a decoded integer index associated with the information bit sequence.
[0014] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for encoding an input sequence that includes a plurality of information bits, wherein the means for encoding the input sequence may include means for performing one or more subsequence composition selections to generate, from the input sequence, a plurality of subsequence compositions that are each associated with a respective index and a respective set of candidate subsequences; means for performing a plurality of CCDM operations to encode the respective indexes associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to one subsequence in the respective set of candidate subsequences associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to generate a plurality of encoded subsequences; and means for concatenating the plurality of encoded subsequences to generate an encoded symbol sequence having a target composition. The apparatus may include means for transmitting, to a receiver over a wireless channel, a signal associated with the encoded symbol sequence.
[0015] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving, from a transmitter over a wireless channel, a signal associated with a symbol sequence. The apparatus may include means for decoding the symbol sequence to recover an information bit sequence, wherein the means for decoding the symbol sequence may include: means for performing CCDM subsequence decoding to recover a plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions associated with the symbol sequence; and means for performing index combining for the plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions to determine a decoded integer index associated with the information bit sequence.
[0016] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the specification and accompanying drawings.
[0017] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure, but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0019] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node in communication with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmit (Tx) chain and a receive (Rx) chain of a wireless device in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of shaping gain over an additive white Gaussian noise channel in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a Tx chain and an Rx chain in a per-dimension probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) architecture in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of fixed-to-fixed distribution matching in a PAS transmission architecture in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0026] Figures 8A-8C are diagrams illustrating examples associated with spatially coupled constant composition distribution matching in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0027] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example process performed, for example, by a transmitter in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0028] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example process performed, for example, by a receiver in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0029] Figures 11-12 are diagrams of example apparatuses for wireless communication in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0031] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0032] Various aspects relate generally to encoding and decoding techniques related to a coupling of relatively small constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) blocks. Some aspects more specifically relate to encoding an input sequence that includes a plurality of information bits in two phases, which include a first phase in which one or more subsequence composition selections are performed to generate a plurality of subsequence compositions, and a second phase in which a plurality of CCDM operations are performed in parallel over respective subsequences associated with the plurality of subsequence compositions. For example, given an input sequence, a transmitter sequentially encodes the input sequence in two distinct phases to generate an output symbol sequence that equals or otherwise satisfies a target composition. In some aspects, the first encoding phase may perform the one or more subsequence composition selections to generate one or more prefix subsequence compositions and one or more postfix subsequence compositions, which are then encoded to the output symbol sequence using parallel CCDM operations. Furthermore, at a receiver, a received symbol sequence may be decoded in two phases, which include a CCDM subsequence decoding phase and an index combining phase that are performed sequentially to recover a decoded integer index corresponding to the input (information bit) sequence.
[0033] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, the described techniques can be used to reduce the latency associated with CCDM encoding and decoding through parallel computing capabilities. In some examples, the described techniques can achieve identical or comparable performance offered by long CCDM blocks or long sequence lengths by concatenating multiple shorter CCDM blocks that are generated in parallel. For example, the described techniques can be used to encode and decode symbol sequences with a constant composition, which represent a collection of typical realizations in accordance with an independent and identical target probability distribution, provide a bit-wise marginal distribution that satisfies the target probability distribution, and enable efficiently realization using arithmetic coding methods. Furthermore, the described techniques can efficiently encode and decode CCDM blocks associated with very long sequence lengths that may be needed to mitigate rate loss when a DM rate is away from entropy.
[0034] Multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR supports various technologies and use cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV) .
[0035] As the demand for broadband access increases and as technologies supported by wireless communication networks evolve, further technological improvements may be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs, such as 6G, to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a wide variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements may be associated with new frequency band expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansion, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication, IoT (including passive or ambient IoT) networks, reduced capability (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) , among other examples. These technological improvements may support use cases such as wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non- terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.
[0036] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110, shown as a network node (NN) 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120, shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e.
[0037] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include a 4G RAT, a 5G / NR RAT, and / or a 6G RAT, among other examples. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with one another.
[0038] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are included in mid-band frequencies, that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, or FR5, and / or that are within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs (for example, 4G / LTE and 5G / NR) are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (for example, FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein may be applicable to those modified frequency ranges.
[0039] A network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between a UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a mobility element, a core, a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) .
[0040] A network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (having an aggregated architecture) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single node (for example, a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0041] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. For example, a disaggregated network node may have a disaggregated architecture. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating base station functionality into multiple units that can be individually deployed.
[0042] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and / or one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layer control functions, such as radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (iFFT) , beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, among other examples. An RU may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120.
[0043] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, a network node 110 may include one or more Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RICs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples. A virtual unit may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as associated with a cloud deployment.
[0044] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or multiple (for example, three) cells. In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite base station, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node) .
[0045] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. In the example shown in Figure 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 130a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 130b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 130c. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (for example, 5 to 40 watts) , whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (for example, 0.1 to 2 watts) .
[0046] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. A downlink control channel may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (for example, scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Uplink channels may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. An uplink control channel may be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) (for example, reference signals and / or feedback corresponding to one or more downlink transmissions) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . The downlink and the uplink may each include a set of resources on which the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate.
[0047] Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols) , frequency domain resources (frequency bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements) , and / or spatial domain resources (particular transmit directions and / or beam parameters) . Frequency domain resources of some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a continuous block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous block of resource blocks) that are allocated for one or more UEs 120. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (where the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP may be the same BWP or different BWPs) . A BWP may be dynamically configured (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a DCI configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured, which means that a BWP can be adjusted in real-time (or near-real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or based on the specific requirements of the one or more UEs 120. This enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120.
[0048] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be, may include, or may be included in, an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node that communicates with a core network. An anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or “IAB-donor” ) . The anchor network node 110 may connect to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For example, an Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, an anchor network node 110 may connect to one or more devices of the core network that provide a core access and mobility management function (AMF) . An IAB network also generally includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply as IAB nodes (or “IAB-nodes” ) . Each non-anchor network node 110 may communicate directly with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or may communicate indirectly with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and associated wireless backhaul links that form a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network node 110 or other non-anchor network node 110 may also communicate directly with one or more UEs 120 via wireless access links that carry access traffic. In some examples, network resources for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) may be shared between access links and backhaul links.
[0049] In some examples, any network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply as a relay. A relay may receive a transmission of a communication from an upstream station (for example, another network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit the communication to a downstream station (for example, a UE 120 or another network node 110) . In such examples, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a “multi-hop network. ” In the example shown in Figure 1, the network node 110d (for example, a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (for example, a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, a UE 120 may be or may operate as a relay station that can relay transmissions to or from other UEs 120. A UE 120 that relays communications may be referred to as a UE relay or a relay UE, among other examples.
[0050] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, and / or smart jewelry, such as a smart ring or a smart bracelet) , an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0051] A UE 120 and / or a network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) ) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . One or more of the processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set, or may include the group of processors all being configured or configurable to perform the set of functions.
[0052] The processing system may further include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “memories” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. The processing system may further include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (for example, IEEE compliant) modem or a cellular (for example, 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modem) . In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system may further include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains or transceivers. The UE 120 may include or may be included in a housing that houses components associated with the UE 120 including the processing system.
[0053] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) , UEs, further enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs, or enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be simply referred to as “MTC UEs” . An MTC UE may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with a robot, an uncrewed aerial vehicle, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and / or a location tag. Some UEs 120 may be considered IoT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. An IoT UE or NB-IoT device may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with an industrial machine, an appliance, a refrigerator, a doorbell camera device, a home automation device, and / or a light fixture, among other examples. Some UEs 120 may be considered Customer Premises Equipment, which may include telecommunications devices that are installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider's network (such as included in or in communication with the wireless communication network 100) .
[0054] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between UEs 120 of the first category and UEs 120 of the second capability) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capacity UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, and / or smart city deployments, among other examples.
[0055] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (for example, shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly with one another using sidelink communications (for example, without communicating by way of a network node 110 as an intermediary) . As an example, the UE 120a may directly transmit data, control information, or other signaling as a sidelink communication to the UE 120e. This is in contrast to, for example, the UE 120a first transmitting data in an UL communication to a network node 110, which then transmits the data to the UE 120e in a DL communication. In various examples, the UEs 120 may transmit and receive sidelink communications using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols) , and / or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, a network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communications between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, a UE 120 (instead of a network node 110) may perform, or collaborate or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform, scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communications.
[0056] In various examples, some of the network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may be configured for full-duplex operation in addition to half-duplex operation. A network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a half-duplex mode may perform only one of transmission or reception during particular time resources, such as during particular slots, symbols, or other time periods. Half-duplex operation may involve time-division duplexing (TDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 and UL transmissions of the UE 120 do not occur in the same time resources (that is, the transmissions do not overlap in time) . In contrast, a network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (for example, in the same time resources) . By operating in a full-duplex mode, network nodes 110 and / or UEs 120 may generally increase the capacity of the network and the radio access link. In some examples, full-duplex operation may involve frequency-division duplexing (FDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 are performed in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier and transmissions of the UE 120 are performed in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier different than the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a UE 120 but not for a network node 110. For example, a UE 120 may simultaneously transmit an UL transmission to a first network node 110 and receive a DL transmission from a second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a network node 110 but not for a UE 120. For example, a network node 110 may simultaneously transmit a DL transmission to a first UE 120 and receive an UL transmission from a second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both a network node 110 and a UE 120.
[0057] In some examples, the UEs 120 and the network nodes 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some RATs may employ advanced MIMO techniques, such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0058] In some aspects, the UE 120 may include a communication manager 140, and the network node 110 may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 / 150 may encode an input sequence that includes a plurality of information bits, wherein encoding the input sequence includes: perform one or more subsequence composition selections to generate, from the input sequence, a plurality of subsequence compositions that are each associated with a respective index and a respective set of candidate subsequences; perform a plurality of CCDM operations to encode the respective indexes associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to one subsequence in the respective set of candidate subsequences associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to generate a plurality of encoded subsequences; and concatenate the plurality of encoded subsequences to generate an encoded symbol sequence having a target composition; and transmit , to a receiver over a wireless channel, a signal associated with the encoded symbol sequence.
[0059] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 140 / 150 may receive, from a transmitter over a wireless channel, a signal associated with a symbol sequence; and decode the symbol sequence to recover an information bit sequence, wherein decoding the symbol sequence includes: perform CCDM subsequence decoding to recover a plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions associated with the symbol sequence; and perform index combining for the plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions to determine a decoded integer index associated with the information bit sequence.
[0060] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 140 / 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0061] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node 110 in communication with an example UE 120 in a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0062] As shown in Figure 2, the network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a through 232t, where t ≥ 1) , a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a through 234v, where v ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, a scheduler 246, and / or a communication manager 150, among other examples. In some configurations, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 234, the modem (s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 214, and / or the TX MIMO processor 216 may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 240, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 242, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, and / or operations described herein. In some aspects, the network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components, and / or other components that facilitate communication with the UE 120 or another network node.
[0063] The terms “processor, ” “controller, ” or “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, reference to “a / the processor, ” “a / the controller / processor, ” or the like (in the singular) should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Figure 2, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Figure 2. For example, one or more processors of the network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of the UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.
[0064] In some aspects, a single processor may perform all of the operations described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first operation described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second operation described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Figure 2. For example, operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.
[0065] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the transmit processor 214 may receive data ( “downlink data” ) intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs that includes the UE 120) from the data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or a data queue) . In some examples, the transmit processor 214 may select one or more MCSs for the UE 120 in accordance with one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process the data (for example, including encoding the data) for transmission to the UE 120 on a downlink in accordance with the MCS (s) selected for the UE 120 to generate data symbols. The transmit processor 214 may process system information (for example, semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) ) and / or control information (for example, CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmit processor 214 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (for example, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) ) and / or synchronization signals (for example, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signals (SSS) ) .
[0066] The TX MIMO processor 216 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, T output symbol streams) to the set of modems 232. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) ) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a time domain downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may together transmit a set of downlink signals (for example, T downlink signals) via the corresponding set of antennas 234.
[0067] A downlink signal may include a DCI communication, a MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, an RRC communication, a downlink reference signal, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on a PDCCH, a PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. A downlink signal may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a unit of data that is transmitted over an air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (for example, from the data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission over the air interface. The quantity of TBs used to carry the data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size common to the multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on or otherwise associated with radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used for encoding the data, the downlink resources allocated for transmitting the data, and / or another parameter. In general, the larger the TB size, the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted in a single transmission, which reduces signaling overhead. However, larger TB sizes may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than smaller TB sizes, but such errors may be mitigated by more robust error correction techniques.
[0068] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 may be received by an antenna 234, may be processed by a modem 232 (for example, a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of a modem 232) , may be detected by the MIMO detector 236 (for example, a receive (Rx) MIMO processor) if applicable, and / or may be further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to a processor, such as the controller / processor 240.
[0069] The network node 110 may use the scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communications. In some aspects, the scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to the UE 120 and / or UL transmissions from the UE 120. In some examples, the scheduler 246 may allocate recurring time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources that the UE 120 may use to transmit and / or receive communications using an RRC configuration (for example, a semi-static configuration) , for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure a configured grant (CG) for the UE 120.
[0070] One or more of the transmit processor 214, the TX MIMO processor 216, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, and / or the controller / processor 240 may be included in an RF chain of the network node 110. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by one or more processors of the network node 110) . In some aspects, the RF chain may be or may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110.
[0071] In some examples, the network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to communicate with a core network and / or with other network nodes. The communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, optical fiber, common public radio interface (CPRI) , and / or a wired or wireless backhaul, among other examples. The network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to transmit and / or receive data associated with the UE 120 or to perform network control signaling, among other examples. The communication unit 244 may include a transceiver and / or an interface, such as a network interface.
[0072] The UE 120 may include a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r, where r ≥ 1) , a set of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a through 254u, where u ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140, among other examples. One or more of the components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 252, the modem (s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver that is included in the UE 120. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 280, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 282, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, or operations described herein. In some aspects, the UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with the network node 110 and / or another UE 120.
[0073] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the set of antennas 252 may receive the downlink communications or signals from the network node 110 and may provide a set of received downlink signals (for example, R received signals) to the set of modems 254. For example, each received signal may be provided to a respective demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to condition (for example, filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input samples (for example, for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the set of modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (for example, decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) , and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280.
[0074] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data ( “uplink data” ) from a data source 262 (such as a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) and control information from the controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receive processor 258 and / or the controller / processor 280 may determine, for a received signal (such as received from the network node 110 or another UE) , one or more parameters relating to transmission of the uplink communication. The one or more parameters may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, a CQI parameter, or a transmit power control (TPC) parameter, among other examples. The control information may include an indication of the RSRP parameter, the RSSI parameter, the RSRQ parameter, the CQI parameter, the TPC parameter, and / or another parameter. The control information may facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for the UE 120 by the network node 110.
[0075] The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as an uplink DMRS, an uplink sounding reference signal (SRS) , and / or another type of reference signal. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, and further processed by the set of modems 254 (for example, for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM) . The TX MIMO processor 266 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, U output symbol streams) to the set of modems 254. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.
[0076] The modems 254a through 254u may transmit a set of uplink signals (for example, R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via the corresponding set of antennas 252. An uplink signal may include a UCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, an RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on a PUSCH, a PUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. An uplink signal may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmissions (that is, transmissions directly between two or more UEs 120) may generally use similar techniques as were described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0077] One or more antennas of the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings) , a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled with one or more transmission or reception components, such as one or more components of Figure 2. As used herein, “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. “Antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters of the group of antennas. “Antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas, which may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.
[0078] In some examples, each of the antenna elements of an antenna 234 or an antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements may interact or interfere constructively and destructively along various directions (such as to form a desired beam) . For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, or another fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements to allow for the desired constructive and destructive interference patterns of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements within that expected range.
[0079] The amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating phase shift, phase offset, and / or amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. “Beam” may also generally refer to a direction associated with such a directional signal transmission, a set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , and / or a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements may be individually selected or deselected for directional transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling amplitudes of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or phases of the signal (s) to form one or more beams. The shape of a beam (such as the amplitude, width, and / or presence of side lobes) and / or the direction of a beam (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of an antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of the multiple signals relative to each other.
[0080] Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different numbers of antenna elements. For example, a UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. As another example, a network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. Generally, a larger number of antenna elements may provide increased control over parameters for beam generation relative to a smaller number of antenna elements, whereas a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and may use less power than a larger number of antenna elements. Multiple antenna elements may support multiple-layer transmission, in which a first layer of a communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of a communication (which may include a second data stream) are transmitted using the same time and frequency resources with spatial multiplexing.
[0081] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300 in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110) . The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a Non-RT RIC 350 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 360 and / or a Near-RT RIC 370 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
[0082] Each of the components of the disaggregated base station architecture 300, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the Near-RT RICs 370, the Non-RT RICs 350, and the SMO Framework 360, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0083] In some aspects, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. For example, a DU 330 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.
[0084] The SMO Framework 360 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 310, a DU 330, an RU 340, a non-RT RIC 350, and / or a Near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 380, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0085] The Non-RT RIC 350 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 370. The Non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 370. The Near-RT RIC 370 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, and / or an O-eNB with the Near-RT RIC 370.
[0086] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 370, the Non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 370 and may be received at the SMO Framework 360 or the Non-RT RIC 350 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 350 or the Near-RT RIC 370 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0087] The network node 110, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, or any other component (s) of Figures 1, 2, or 3 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with spatially coupled CCDM, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, any other component (s) of Figure 2, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 900 of Figure 9, process 1000 of Figure 10, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . The memory 242 may store data and program codes for the network node 110, the network node 110, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340. The memory 282 may store data and program codes for the UE 120. In some examples, the memory 242 or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions (for example, code or program code) for wireless communication. The memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . The memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . For example, the set of instructions, when executed (for example, directly, or after compiling, converting, or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 900 of Figure 9, process 1000 of Figure 10, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0088] In some aspects, a transmitter (for example, the UE 120 and / or the network node 110) includes means for encoding an input sequence that includes a plurality of information bits, wherein encoding the input sequence includes: means for performing one or more subsequence composition selections to generate, from the input sequence, a plurality of subsequence compositions that are each associated with a respective index and a respective set of candidate subsequences; means for performing a plurality of CCDM operations to encode the respective indexes associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to one subsequence in the respective set of candidate subsequences associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to generate a plurality of encoded subsequences; and / or means for concatenating the plurality of encoded subsequences to generate an encoded symbol sequence having a target composition; and / or means for transmitting, to a receiver over a wireless channel, a signal associated with the encoded symbol sequence.
[0089] In some aspects, the means for the transmitter to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282. In some aspects, the means for the transmitter to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.
[0090] In some aspects, a receiver (for example, the UE 120 and / or the network node 110) includes means for receiving, from a transmitter over a wireless channel, a signal associated with a symbol sequence; and / or means for decoding the symbol sequence to recover an information bit sequence, wherein decoding the symbol sequence includes: means for performing CCDM subsequence decoding to recover a plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions associated with the symbol sequence; and / or means for performing index combining for the plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions to determine a decoded integer index associated with the information bit sequence.
[0091] In some aspects, the means for the receiver to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282. In some aspects, the means for the transmitter to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.
[0092] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of a transmit (Tx) chain 402 and a receive (Rx) chain 404 of a wireless device in accordance with the present disclosure. In some aspects, one or more components of Tx chain 402 may be implemented in transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, modem 254, controller / processor 280, transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232, and / or controller / processor 240, as described above in connection with Figure 2. In some aspects, Tx chain 402 may be implemented in a UE 120 for transmitting data 406 (for example, uplink data, an uplink reference signal, and / or uplink control information to a network node 110 on an uplink channel and / or sidelink data, a sidelink reference signal, and / or sidelink control information to another UE 120 on a sidelink channel) . Additionally or alternatively, Tx chain 402 may be implemented in a network node 110 for transmitting data 406 (for example, downlink data, a downlink reference signal, and / or downlink control information to a UE 120 on a downlink channel) .
[0093] An encoder 407 may alter a signal (for example, a bitstream) 403 into data 406. Data 406 to be transmitted is provided from encoder 407 as input to a serial-to-parallel (S / P) converter 408. In some aspects, S / P converter 408 may split the transmission data into N parallel data streams 410.
[0094] The N parallel data streams 410 may then be provided as input to a mapper 412. Mapper 412 may map the N parallel data streams 410 onto N constellation points. The mapping may be done using a modulation constellation, such as binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) , quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) , 8 phase-shift keying (8PSK) , and / or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) c. Thus, mapper 412 may output N parallel symbol streams 416, each symbol stream 416 corresponding to one of N orthogonal subcarriers of an iFFT component 420. The N parallel symbol streams 416 are represented in the frequency domain and may be converted into N parallel time domain sample streams 418 by iFFT component 420.
[0095] In some aspects, N parallel modulations in the frequency domain correspond to N modulation symbols in the frequency domain, which are equal to N mapping and N-point iFFT in the frequency domain, which are equal to one (useful) OFDM symbol in the time domain, which are equal to N samples in the time domain. One OFDM symbol in the time domain, Ns, is equal to Ncp (the number of guard samples per OFDM symbol) + N (the number of useful samples per OFDM symbol) .
[0096] The N parallel time domain sample streams 418 may be converted into an OFDM / OFDMA symbol stream 422 by a parallel-to-serial (P / S) converter 424. A guard insertion component 426 may insert a guard interval between successive OFDM / OFDMA symbols in the OFDM / OFDMA symbol stream 422. The output of guard insertion component 426 may then be upconverted to a desired transmit frequency band by an RF front end 428. An antenna 430 may then transmit the resulting signal 432.
[0097] In some aspects, Rx chain 404 may utilize OFDM / OFDMA. In some aspects, one or more components of Rx chain 404 may be implemented in receive processor 258, MIMO detector 256, modem 254, controller / processor 280, receive processor 238, MIMO detector 236, modem 232, and / or controller / processor 240, as described above in connection with Figure 2. In some aspects, Rx chain 404 may be implemented in a UE 120 for receiving data 406 (for example, downlink data, a downlink reference signal, and / or downlink control information from a network node 110 on a downlink channel) . Additionally or alternatively, Rx chain 404 may be implemented in a network node 110 for receiving data 406 (for example, uplink data, an uplink reference signal, and / or uplink control information from a UE 120 on an uplink channel) .
[0098] A transmitted signal 432 is shown traveling over a wireless channel 434 from Tx chain 402 to Rx chain 404. When a signal 432'is received by an antenna 430', the received signal 432'may be downconverted to a baseband signal by an RF front end 428'. A guard removal component 426'may then remove the guard interval that was inserted between OFDM / OFDMA symbols by guard insertion component 426.
[0099] The output of guard removal component 426'may be provided to an S / P converter 424'. The output may include an OFDM / OFDMA symbol stream 422', and S / P converter 424'may divide the OFDM / OFDMA symbol stream 422'into N parallel time-domain symbol streams 418', each of which corresponds to one of the N orthogonal subcarriers. An FFT component 420'may convert the N parallel time-domain symbol streams 418'into the frequency domain and output N parallel frequency-domain symbol streams 416'.
[0100] A demapper 412'may perform the inverse of the symbol mapping operation that was performed by mapper 412, thereby outputting N parallel data streams 410'. A P / Sconverter 408'may combine the N parallel data streams 410'into a single data stream 406'. Ideally, data stream 406'corresponds to data 406 that was provided as input to Tx chain 402. Data stream 406'may be decoded into a decoded data stream 403'by decoder 407'.
[0101] The number and arrangement of components shown in Figure 4 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Figure 4. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Figure 4 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Figure 4 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, a set of components (for example, one or more components) shown in Figure 4 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Figure 4.
[0102] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of shaping gain over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel in accordance with the present disclosure. In some wireless communications, high-order modulation may be combined with binary forward-error-correction (FEC) to achieve a high spectral efficiency for mobile data transmission. When higher-order coded modulation is used, a transmitter device may encode information bits using fixed constellation points. For example, fixed constellation points may be used with 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, or other coded modulation schemes. As shown in Figure 5, the coded modulation scheme usually endows a uniform distribution 505 over per-dimension constellations (shown for an amplitude shift keying (ASK) constellation with 8 points, or ASK-8) , where the fixed constellation points each have an equal probability of being used to encode information bits. However, the information rate associated with uniform constellation signaling may lead to a shaping gap relative to a channel capacity (or “Shannon capacity” ) . The shaping gap may represent a difference between a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to achieve a given rate with a given MCS and an SNR at which an optimal capacity-achieving scheme could operate, also known as the Shannon capacity or “Shannon limit” . Referring to Figure 5, example 510 illustrates the relationship between an SNR and an information rate (bits / channel use) when uniform constellation signaling is used. In particular, for uniform ASK-4 through uniform ASK-32 over AWGN channels, uniform constellation signaling can lead to a shaping gap 515 relative to AWGN capacity, resulting in an SNR loss that can asymptotically approach π / 6 ≈ 1.53 decibels (dB) .
[0103] Accordingly, in some cases, a transmitter may use probabilistic shaping to generate a target non-uniform distribution on equidistant constellation points and thereby achieve a shaping gain relative to constellations with a uniform distribution. For example, Figure 5 illustrates an example non-uniform distribution 520 for ASK-8, where inner constellation points associated with a lower energy and / or a lower power are used more frequently than outer constellation points associated with a higher energy and / or a higher power. In some cases, the non-uniform distribution may have a Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) probability distribution, where PMB (x) is a probability of a constellation point x, v is a non-negative real number, Zv is a normalizing parameter, and x∈ {±1, ±3, …, ± (2M-1) } . As shown by example 525, over the AWGN channel, the mutual information obtained by optimizing the non-uniform MB distribution exhibits negligible difference from the capacity-achieving input distribution over ASK constellations (for example, an MB distribution exhibits an approximately 1.243 dB shaping gain at an ASK-32 modulation) .
[0104] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a Tx chain 600 and an example of an Rx chain 600'in a per-dimension PAS architecture in accordance with the present disclosure. In some aspects, one or more components of Tx chain 600 may be implemented in transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, modem 254, controller / processor 280, transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232, and / or controller / processor 240, as described above in connection with Figure 2. In some aspects, Tx chain 600 may be implemented in a UE 120 for transmitting data (for example, uplink data, an uplink reference signal, and / or uplink control information to a network node 110 on an uplink channel and / or sidelink data, a sidelink reference signal, and / or sidelink control information to another UE 120 on a sidelink channel) . Additionally or alternatively, Tx chain 600 may be implemented in a network node 110 for transmitting data (for example, downlink data, a downlink reference signal, and / or downlink control information to a UE 120 on a downlink channel) .
[0105] As shown in Figure 6, the Tx chain 600 includes a demultiplexer 610, a distribution matching component 620, an amplitude-to-bit mapping component 630, a systematic FEC encoding component 640, a bit-to-amplitude mapping component 650, and a sign mapping component 655. In some aspects, the Tx chain 600 may be used ASK modulation with ASK constellations having a modulation order 2M. For example, as described herein, an ASK constellation for the modulation order 2M may include a set of constellation points {±1, ±3, …, ± (2M-1) } . In some aspects, the Tx chain 600 may have a transmission rate Rc=Rdm+γ, where Rdm represents a rate of the distribution matching component 510 and γ represents a set of parity bits that are added to k information bits that are to be encoded.
[0106] In some aspects, an ASK constellation may be associated with an amplitude alphabet The amplitude alphabet may include a set of possible constellation points (for example, without a sign) from which the set of constellation points is generated. For example, an amplitude alphabet of size m > 1 may be configured for the Tx chain 600, with each element of being referred to as a symbol. may be constrained such that each element is ordered within (for example, a1<a2<…<am for any ai) . A symbol may have an energy E (ai) for each i within the alphabet where symbol energies are non-negative and mutually distinct. Based on the aforementioned constraint, symbol energies are ordered in correspondence with the ordering of symbols within such that 0≤E (ai) <E (ai+1) . For a 2M-ary ASK constellation, where m=2M-1 and corresponds to the 2M-ary constellation. In this example, ai=2i-1 so that a1=1, a2=3, …, am=2M-1, and so that, for each i, the energy E (ai) = (2i-1) 2 of symbol ai, in a first example, or in a second example. In these two examples, the second example is a rescaling of the (2i-1) 2 term in the first example.
[0107] For the alphabet of size m with a symbol sequence s= (s1, s2, …, sn) of length n, each element of s is selected from Accordingly, for the 2M-ary ASK constellation with M=3 (corresponding to ASK-8) , m=4 and and an example symbol sequence (5, 1, 1, 3, 5, 7) with length n=6 can be configured. As described herein, a sequence s= (s1, s2, …, sn) has a composition k (s) = (k1 (s) , k2 (s) , …, km (s) ) , where ki (s) is the number of times that occurs in the sequence s. For example, for ASK-4 or QAM-16, where m=2 and s= (1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3) is an example sequence of length n=6. In this example sequence, the symbol 1 occurs 4 times, such that k1 (s) =4, and the symbol 3 occurs two times, such that k2 (s) =4. Accordingly, as described herein the composition k (s) for the sequence s= (1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3) is (4, 2) .
[0108] As shown in Figure 6, the demultiplexer 610 may receive a set of uniform bits to be transmitted, and may provide an information string that includes k bits to the distribution matching component 620, where k is a uniform input bit length for the distribution matching component 620. The distribution matching component 620 may receive the k information bits and map the k information bits to n non-uniform amplitude symbols, such that the distribution matching component 620 has a rate Rdm= k / n. In some examples, the distribution matching component 620 maps the information bits to the non-uniform amplitude symbols to induce a non-uniform distribution over the amplitude symbols. As described herein, shaping amounts to selecting a suitable collection of candidate amplitude sequences and encoding information in an invertible manner. The non-uniform distribution induced by the distribution matching component 620 may be closer to a capacity-achieving input distribution than is achieved by a uniform distribution. For example, the non-uniform distribution induced by the distribution matching component 620 (for example, an MB distribution) is more Gaussian-like in the AWGN setting.
[0109] As further shown in Figure 6, the n non-uniform amplitude symbols may be passed from the distribution matching component 620 to the amplitude-to-bit mapping component 630, which may map the n amplitude symbols to a set of n (M-1) non-uniform amplitude bits. The n (M-1) non-uniform amplitude bits may be passed from the amplitude-to-bit mapping component 630 to the systematic FEC encoding component 640. In addition, the demultiplexer 610 may pass γn uniform bits (for example, FEC bits) to the systematic FEC encoding component 640 for FEC encoding. Accordingly, the systematic FEC encoding component 640 receives n (M-1+γ) bits as an input with a rate of Rc= (M-1+γ) / M. The systematic FEC encoding component 640 may generate a set of n (1 –γ) parity bits at the rate Rc. The systematic FEC encoding component 640 may pass n (M-1) non-uniform systematic bits to the bit-amplitude mapping component 650 and may pass the n (1 –γ) parity bits and the γnuniform bits to the sign mapping component 655. The bit-amplitude mapping component 650 may generate n non-uniform amplitude symbols from the n (M-1) non-uniform systematic bits, and the sign mapping component 655 may generate n sign bits from the n (1 –γ) parity bits and the γn uniform bits. For example, the sign mapping component 655 generates a sign bit “1” for a bit “0” and a sign bit “-1” for a bit “1” . The Tx chain 600 may then perform pointwise multiplication to combine the nnon-uniform amplitude symbols with the n sign bits to generate a non-uniform constellation that includes n constellation points. The Tx chain 600 may then transmit (for example, via an antenna) a signal that conveys the non-uniform constellation over a wireless channel, and the signal may be received at the Rx chain 600'.
[0110] As shown in Figure 6, the Rx chain 600'includes a multiplexer 610', a distribution dematching component 620', a bit-amplitude mapping component 630', a systematic FEC decoding component 640', and a bit-wise log likelihood ratio (LLR) demapping component 650'. In some aspects, one or more components of the Rx chain 600'may be implemented in in receive processor 258, MIMO detector 256, modem 254, controller / processor 280, receive processor 238, MIMO detector 236, modem 232, and / or controller / processor 240, as described above in connection with Figure 2. In some aspects, the Rx chain 600'may be implemented in a UE 120 for receiving data (for example, downlink data, a downlink reference signal, and / or downlink control information from a network node 110 on a downlink channel) . Additionally or alternatively, the Rx chain 600'may be implemented in a network node 110 for receiving data (for example, uplink data, an uplink reference signal, and / or uplink control information from a UE 120 on an uplink channel) .
[0111] As shown in Figure 6, the Rx chain 600'may receive a wireless signal that conveys a non-uniform constellation, and may process the received constellation to recover the information bits that were encoded and transmitted by the Tx chain 600. For example, as shown in Figure 6, the bit-wise LLR demapping component 650'may perform a demapping of the received constellation to obtain n (M-1) LLRs estimating n (M-1) non-uniform systematic bits, n (1-γ) LLRs estimating n (1-γ) parity bits, and γn LLRs estimating γn uniform bits, which may be passed to the systematic FEC decoding component 640'. As further shown in Figure 6, the systematic FEC decoding component 640'may estimate n (M-1) non-uniform amplitude bits and γn uniform bits from the LLRs provided by the bit-wise LLR demapping component 650', may pass the n (M-1) non-uniform amplitude bits to the bit-amplitude mapping component 630', and may pass the γn uniform bits to the multiplexer 610'. The bit-amplitude mapping component 630'may estimate n amplitudes from the n (M-1) non-uniform amplitude bits, and may pass the n amplitudes to the distribution dematching component 620'. Accordingly, the distribution dematching component 620'may estimate k bits from the n amplitudes , and the k estimated bits may be multiplexed with the γn estimated uniform bits to recover the original information bits.
[0112] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of fixed-to-fixed distribution matching in a PAS transmission architecture in accordance with the present disclosure. As described herein, the DM component is a key component in a PAS transmission architecture, and is generally configured to transform sequences of uniform bits to sequences of per-dimension amplitudes, aiming at inducing a target probability distribution over an underlying amplitude alphabet However, the transformation from uniform bits to per-dimension amplitudes needs to be invertible such that the input (for example, the uniform bits) can be correctly reconstructed given the output (for example, the per-dimension amplitudes) . Accordingly, in some cases, a DM component in a PAS transmission architecture may perform fixed-to-fixed DM 705, which imposes deterministic lengths for input and output sequences. For example, as shown in Figure 7, an input sequence u= (u1, u2, …, uk) received at the DM component has a length k, where ui∈ {0, 1} , and an output sequence s= (s1, s2, …, sn) generated by the DM component has a length n, where In such examples, when the DM component performs fixed-to-fixed DM, the length of the input sequence, k, and the length of the output sequence, n, are deterministic quantities. In one example 710, given an ASK-8 amplitude alphabet the target probability distribution over the underlying amplitude alphabet may be defined as In such an example, where the DM component generates an output sequence s with a length n=100, the symbol 1 would be expected to occur 50 times, the symbol 3 would be expected to occur 25 times, the symbol 5 would be expected to occur 15 times, and the symbol 7 would be expected to occur 10 times.
[0113] Accordingly, in some examples, a DM component may be designed to perform low-complexity and invertible fixed-to-fixed DM, with a rate k / n that is close to entropy bits per symbol (for example, the output is close to independent and identically distributed in accordance with the target probability distribution ) . In some examples, the DM component may perform fixed-to-fixed DM in accordance with CCDM techniques, where all length-n symbol sequences have a target composition where for the target probability distribution over In such examples, the set of length-n symbol sequences having the target composition k* is denoted s {k=k*} n, a sequence having the constant (or fixed) composition k* satisfies the constraint and the total quantity of sequences in s {k=k*} n is given by the multinomial coefficient:
[0114] Accordingly, sequences with a constant composition may be considered suitable output candidates in a PAS architecture, because such sequences represent a collection of typical realizations in accordance with the independent and identical distribution provide a bit-wise marginal distribution that satisfies the target probability distribution and are efficiently realized using arithmetic coding methods. However, arithmetic coding techniques used for CCDM pose various challenges, including rate loss and increased latency. For example, although an empirical symbol-wise marginal distribution induced by CCDM is close to the target probability distribution for an underlying amplitude alphabet, the joint distribution induced by CCDM tends to vary from the corresponding independent and identical distribution for As a result, the DM rate is away from entropy which causes a large rate loss that is typically mitigated using very long sequence lengths. However, CCDM encoding and decoding are essentially implemented only in serial, due to the serial nature of the underlying arithmetic coding methods. Accordingly, when CCDM is implemented with very long block lengths or sequence lengths, using serial CCDM encoding and decoding techniques may increase encoding and decoding latency and thereby degrade performance for latency-stringent applications.
[0115] Various aspects described herein generally relate to encoding and decoding techniques related to a coupling of relatively small CCDM blocks. Some aspects more specifically relate to encoding an input sequence that includes a plurality of information bits in two phases, which include a first phase in which one or more subsequence composition selections are performed to generate a plurality of subsequence compositions, and a second phase in which a plurality of CCDM operations are performed in parallel over respective subsequences associated with the plurality of subsequence compositions. For example, given an input sequence, a transmitter sequentially encodes the input sequence in two distinct phases to generate an output symbol sequence that equals or otherwise satisfies a target composition. In some aspects, the first encoding phase may perform the one or more subsequence composition selections to generate one or more prefix subsequence compositions and one or more postfix subsequence compositions, which are then encoded to the output symbol sequence using parallel CCDM operations. Furthermore, at a receiver, a received symbol sequence may be decoded in two phases, which include a CCDM subsequence decoding phase and an index combining phase that are performed sequentially to recover a decoded integer index corresponding to the input (information bit) sequence.
[0116] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, the described techniques can be used to reduce the latency associated with CCDM encoding and decoding through parallel computing capabilities. In some examples, the described techniques can achieve identical or comparable performance offered by long CCDM blocks or long sequence lengths by concatenating multiple shorter CCDM blocks that are generated in parallel. For example, the described techniques can be used to encode and decode symbol sequences with a constant composition, which represent a collection of typical realizations in accordance with an independent and identical target probability distribution, provide a bit-wise marginal distribution that satisfies the target probability distribution, and enable efficiently realization using arithmetic coding methods. Furthermore, the described techniques can efficiently encode and decode CCDM blocks associated with very long sequence lengths that may be needed to mitigate rate loss when a DM rate is away from entropy.
[0117] Figures 8A-8C are diagrams illustrating examples 800 associated with spatially coupled CCDM in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 8A, examples 800 include communication between a transmitter and a receiver. In some aspects, the transmitter may correspond to a UE 120 and the receiver may correspond to a network node 110. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter may correspond to a network node 110 and the receiver may correspond to a UE 120, the transmitter may correspond to a first UE 120 and the receiver may correspond to a second UE 120, and / or the transmitter may correspond to a first wireless device and the receiver may correspond to a second wireless device.
[0118] As shown in Figure 8A, in a first operation 810, the transmitter and the receiver may communicate to configure or otherwise align a set of encoding and decoding parameters. For example, in some aspects, the encoding and decoding parameters may include a symbol alphabet asequence length n, and a target composition In addition, the encoding and decoding parameters may include a coupling height J (for example, a quantity of iterations for a first encoding phase) and a family of subsequence lengths {ne| e∈ {l, r} j, 0≤j≤J} , where l (left) and r (right) are subsequence labels applied to subsequence compositions, with an ordering l<r imposed on labels l and r, as described in further detail herein.
[0119] In some aspects, the transmitter may configure a two-phase encoding process in accordance with the encoding and decoding parameters aligned between the transmitter and the receiver. For example, as described herein, the two-phase encoding process may use two special labels denoted ‘l’ (left) and ‘r’ (right) , where an ordering l<r is impose on the labels. Furthermore, for each integer j≥0, the transmitter may use the notation {l, r} j as a proxy for { (a1, a2, …, aj) |ai∈ {l, r} , 1≤i≤j} , with the convention Accordingly, as described herein, each element of {l, r} j may correspond to a subsequence label, and a lexicographical ordering may be imposed among elements in {l, r} j in accordance with the ordering imposed on ‘l’ and ‘r’ (for example, l<r) . Furthermore, as described herein, for integer j≥0 and e∈ {l, r} j, e★l may represent a one-letter extension of e by l, and e★r may represent a one-letter extension of e by r. For example, if e= (l, r, r) , then e★l= (l, r, r, l) and e★r= (l, r, r, r) .
[0120] In some aspects, as described herein, the two-phase encoding process may include a first phase in which one or more subsequence composition selections are performed in one or more iterations, where the quantity of iterations is given by the coupling height J, which is a positive integer with a value between 1 and log2n (for example, between 1 and 4 for a sequence length n=16) . In addition, in some aspects, the coupling height J may be used to configure the family of subsequence lengths, which is a set of non-negative integers {ne|e∈ {l, r} j, 0≤j≤J} that satisfies one or more constraints. For example, given any j=0, 1, …, J-1 and e∈ {l, r} j, the family of subsequence lengths satisfy constraints that ne≥0 and ne★l+ne★r=ne. In one example, the family of subsequence lengths may be obtained by setting at a coupling height j=0 and then recursively defining subsequence lengths for j=1, …, J-1 such that and In another example, as shown in Figure 8B, a family of subsequence lengths 820 may be obtained by setting at a coupling height j=0 and then recursively defining subsequence lengths for j=1, …, J-1 such that and
[0121] As further shown in Figure 8A, in a second operation 830, the transmitter may obtain an input sequence that includes a plurality of information bits u1, u2, …, uk available for encoding, where the input sequence has a length k that satisfies the constraint More particularly, as described in further detail herein, the transmitter may sequentially encode the input sequence uk= (u1, u2, …, uk) in a first phase and a second phase to generate a symbol sequence sn= (s1, s2, …, sn) having a composition equal to the target composition k*.
[0122] For example, as further shown in Figure 8A, in a third operation 840, the transmitter may perform one or more subsequence composition selections to generate, from the input sequence uk, a plurality of subsequence compositions that are each associated with a respective index and a respective set of candidate subsequences. In some aspects, the one or more subsequence composition selections may be performed in J iterations, where each iteration selects one or more prefix subsequence compositions. For example, in some aspects, the target composition k* may be associated with a prefix subsequence length nl and a postfix subsequence length nr, and input bits at each iteration may be interpreted as an unsigned integer index from 0 to where Accordingly, in each prefix subsequence composition selection, the transmitter may select a set of prefix subsequence composition candidates that have a length nl and a composition kl and a set of postfix subsequence composition candidates that have a length n-nl and a composition k*-kl. Accordingly, a fraction of sequences of length n and composition k* may be represented by the ratio:
[0123] such that the length-nl prefix subsequence of each such sequence has a composition that is exactly kl. In some aspects, the prefix subsequence compositions are ordered (for example, lexicographically) . Furthermore, after selecting a prefix subsequence composition the index may be updated as follows:
[0124] The transmitter may then generate a first index X1 for the prefix subsequence compositions and a second index Xt for the postfix subsequence compositions, such that each subsequence composition selects partitions one block (for example, a CCDM block) into two sub-blocks of the same type.
[0125] Accordingly, as described herein, the third operation 840 generally corresponds to a first encoding phase, which is performed in J iterations. In some aspects, when the transmitter obtains the input sequence uk= (u1, u2, …, uk) that is available for encoding, the transmitter may initialize an iteration counter j at j=0 and may sequentially increase the iteration counter in each iteration until j=J-1. In addition, the first encoding phase may be initialized by setting and and interpreting the k information bits u1, u2, …, uk as an unsigned integer index For example, the unsigned integer index may be defined as:
[0126] As described herein, after the J iterations of the first encoding phase are complete, an output from the first encoding phase includes 2J subsequence compositions denoted by ke for e∈ {l, r} J, where each subsequence composition kehas a length m and a set of elements with a sum equal to ne. In addition, the output from the first encoding phase includes 2J numeric indices, denoted Xe for e∈ {l, r} J.
[0127] In some aspects, as described herein, each iteration j of the first encoding phase includes an enumeration of {l, r} j (for example, in accordance with the ordering imposed on l and r) . Furthermore, in cases where a particular iteration j includes multiple prefix subsequence composition selections (for example, in any iteration j>0) , the prefix subsequence composition selections may enumerate {l, r} j in parallel.
[0128] For example, in some aspects, the parameter e may denote any one element being enumerated, where each element e corresponds to a respective subsequence length ne, a respective subsequence composition ke, and a respective numeric index Xe. Accordingly, each iteration j of the first encoding phase generates a respective prefix subsequence composition and a respective postfix subsequence composition for each element of {l, r} j (for example, each iteration j generates a respective prefix subsequence composition ke*l and a respective postfix subsequence composition ke*rfor an element e being enumerated) . In some aspects, the prefix subsequence composition ke*l may be generated by selecting ke★l as a largest element by a composition order such that:
[0129] where is an approximation of a multinomial coefficient given by is an approximation of a multinomial coefficient given by and is the sum of over all possible κls. For example, in some aspects, an approximation of a multinomial coefficient, such as or may be obtained by first obtaining an approximation of a log of the multinomial coefficient, and then obtaining an approximation of the multinomial coefficient through an exponentiation operation over the approximation of the log of the multinomial coefficient (for example, because approximating a value in a logarithmic domain and then performing exponentiation may have a lower complexity than directly approximating the value) . For example, to approximate a number or quantity A, which may correspond to a value of a multinomial coefficient, the transmitter may first approximate log A (for example, an approximation of log2A or logeA) , and may then approximate A by performing an exponentiation operation over the approximation of log A, where the exponentiation operation may be an approximate exponentiation. Furthermore, the i–th element (ke★l) i may have a range that is restricted in accordance with the constraint min { (ke) i, ne★l} , with i ranging from 1 to m, and each κl under the summation has a set of elements with a sum equal to ne★l. In some aspects, after the prefix subsequence composition ke★l is determined, the corresponding postfix subsequence composition may be determined in accordance with ke★r=ke-ke★l.
[0130] In some aspects, after determining the prefix subsequence composition ke★l and the corresponding postfix subsequence composition ke★r in each iteration j of the first encoding phase, the transmitter then determines, for each element of {l, r} j, a respective numeric index, as follows:
[0131] Accordingly, in each iteration j of the first encoding phase, the transmitter generates a total quantity of prefix subsequence candidates Me★l and a total quantity of postfix subsequence candidates Me★r, where Me★l approximates the quantity and Me★r approximates the quantity to ensure unique encodability. Furthermore, in each iteration j of the first encoding phase, the transmitter determines a prefix subsequence index Xe★l to associate with the subsequence label e★l and a postfix subsequence index Xe*r to associate with the subsequence label e★r, where and The transmitter may perform the prefix subsequence composition selections in the manner described herein to enumerate each element e in {l, r} j, which completes iteration jsuch that j is incremented by one until J iterations have been completed.
[0132] For example, Figure 8C depicts an example where the first encoding phase is performed in J=2 iterations. As shown, given an input sequence associated with a numeric index X, a sequence length n, and a composition k*, the first iteration j=0 may select a prefix subsequence composition that includes prefix candidate subsequences with a length n1 and a composition kl, which are associated with index Xl and a postfix subsequence composition that includes postfix candidate subsequences with a length nr and a composition kr, which are associated with index Xr. As further shown in Figure 8C, in a second (and final) iteration j=1=J-1, each element e in {l, r} j is enumerated in parallel. For example, given the prefix subsequence composition associated with index X1, subsequence length n1, and composition k1, iteration j=1 may select a prefix subsequence composition that includes prefix candidate subsequences with a length nll and a composition kll, which are associated with index Xll and a postfix subsequence composition that includes postfix candidate subsequences with a length nlr and a composition klr, which are associated with index Xlr. In addition, in parallel, given the postfix subsequence composition associated with index Xr, subsequence length nr, and composition kr, iteration j=1 may select a prefix subsequence composition that includes prefix candidate subsequences with a length nrland a composition krl, which are associated with index Xrl and a postfix subsequence composition that includes postfix candidate subsequences with a length nrr and a composition krr, which are associated with index Xrr.
[0133] As further shown in Figure 8A and Figure 8C, in a fourth operation 850 (corresponding to a second encoding phase) , the indexes associated with the prefix subsequence composition (s) and the postfix subsequence composition (s) generated in the first encoding phase are encoded to one of the candidate subsequences using a plurality of CCDM operations that are performed in parallel. For example, if a CCDM operation is performed on a subsequence composition that includes 5 candidate subsequences with a length n=a and a composition k = b, represented as the set {x, y, z, i, j} , and index of Xe=2 indicates that candidate subsequence z is the output subsequence from the CCDM operation, as described in further detail herein.
[0134] In some aspects, for each e∈ {l, r} J, the second encoding phase encodes Xe to a respective subsequence se among a plurality of subsequence candidates having a length ne and composition ke, as generated in the first encoding phase. In other words, out of a total of Me candidate subsequences with length ne and composition ke over the second encoding phase encodes Xe into one of the Me candidate subsequences. As described herein and shown in Figure 8C, there may be 2J CCDM encoding operations performed for the 2J numeric indexes and 2J subsequence compositions that were generated in the first encoding phase, and the 2J CCDM encoding operations may be performed in parallel to generate 2J encoded subsequences se, e∈ {l, r} J. As further shown in Figure 8A, in a fifth operation 860, the 2J encoded subsequences se may then be concatenated in accordance with the ordering {l, r} J to generate a final output sequence sn= (s (l, l, …, l) , s (l, l, …, r) , …, s (r, r, …, r) ) .
[0135] In some aspects, for each e∈ {l, r} J, the second encoding phase may include a respective CCDM subsequence encoding operation. For example, for each e∈ {l, r} J, the corresponding CCDM subsequence encoding operation may be initialized by setting t=0, and The CCDM subsequence encoding operation may then iteratively perform various steps for titerations until t=ne-1. For example, in each iteration t, the CCDM subsequence encoding operation may select a largest value for z∈ {1, 2, …, m} that satisfies:
[0136] where ki (ke) denotes the i-th element of ke, ki (κe (t) ) denotes the i-th element of κe (t) , and is an indicator function having a value equal to 1 if the enclosed condition is satisfied and a value of 0 if the enclosed condition not satisfied.
[0137] Accordingly, after selecting the largest value for z∈ {1, 2, …, m} that satisfies the above expression, the CCDM subsequence encoding operation outputs a symbol se (t+1) by setting se (t+1) =az, where The CCDM subsequence encoding operation then updates to in accordance with the expression and updates to in accordance with the expression In some aspects, the CCDM subsequence encoding operation then updates κe (t+1) =κe (t) +ez, with being all-zero except for a z-th element that is equal to 1. The CCDM subsequence encoding operation then increments t by 1 and the CCDM encoding operations are repeated until t=ne-1 for each e∈ {l, r} J.
[0138] In some aspects, as further shown in Figure 8A, in a sixth operation 870, the transmitter may transmit a signal conveying the encoded symbol sequence sn=(s(l, l, …, l) , s (l, l, …, r) , …, s (r, r, …, r) ) to the receiver via a wireless channel, where a corresponding symbol sequence received at the receiver may be denoted which may be segmented into in accordance with the family of subsequence lengths {ne|e∈ {l, r} J} that were configured in the first operation 810. Accordingly, as described herein, the receiver may use the encoding and decoding parameters that were configured in the first operation 810 (for example, the symbol alphabet the sequence length n, the target composition the coupling height J, and the family of subsequence lengths {ne|e∈ {l, r} j, 0≤j≤J} ) to obtain a decoded integer index X* associated with the information bit sequence uk= (u1, u2, …, uk) .
[0139] For example, in a first decoding phase 880, the receiver may perform a CCDM subsequence decoding operation that corresponds to e∈ {l, r} J associated with a first decoding phase. In particular, the CCDM subsequence decoding operation includes a forward step and a backward step that are performed sequentially. For example, in the forward step, the receiver may initialize the CCDM subsequence decoding by setting t=0, and where ke is the composition of The receiver then recursively updates to as t increases from 0 to ne-1, with a step size of 1, in accordance with:
[0140] where z is determined such that which is followed by updating κe (t+1) =κe (t) +ez. In the backward step, the receiver t=ne-1 and and as t decreases down to 0, the receiver computes:
[0141] where z is determined such that
[0142] As further shown in Figure 8A, in a second decoding phase 890, the receiver may perform index combining to recover the information bit sequence uk= (u1, u2, …, uk) . For example, in some aspects, the second decoding phase 890 may take, as an input, and for all e∈ {l, r} J from the first decoding phase 880. In some aspects, the second decoding phase 890 may be initialized by setting j=J-1, and the index combining may then be performed hierarchically in Jiterations until and including iteration j=0.
[0143] In some aspects, in each iteration j of the second decoding phase 890, the receiver may enumerate (for example, in parallel) {l, r} jin accordance with the ordering imposed on l and r. For example, for each element e of {l, r} j, iteration j of the second decoding phase 890 may identify a prefix subsequence length ne★l and a prefix subsequence composition ke★l associated with in addition to a postfix subsequence length ne★r and a postfix subsequence composition ke★r associated with The receiver may then determine an index in accordance with where is a multinomial coefficient associated with ke★r. In some aspects, the receiver may further determine ne=ne★l+ne★r and ke=ke★l+ke★r, and may determine Me in the same order as the first encoding phase starting from Accordingly, the receiver may determine an index as follows:
[0144] , which completes the decoding operation for element e. In some aspects, after all elements e in {l, r} j have been enumerated, the second decoding phase 890 is complete for iteration j, and the second decoding phase 890 until and including iteration j=0. In some aspects, the second decoding phase 890 may then output the decoded integer X*, which is the smallest integer that is no smaller than obtained from the end of the second decoding phase 890. Accordingly, the decoded integer X* may then be used to obtain the corresponding information bit sequence uk= (u1, u2, …, uk) .
[0145] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example process 900 performed, for example, at a transmitter or an apparatus of a transmitter that supports a PAS transmission architecture in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 900 is an example where the apparatus or the transmitter (for example, UE 120 and / or network node 110) performs operations associated with spatially coupled CCDM.
[0146] As shown in Figure 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include encoding an input sequence that includes a plurality of information bits (block 910) . For example, the transmitter (such as by using communication manager 140 / 150 or encoding component 1110, depicted in Figure 11) may encode an input sequence that includes a plurality of information bits, as described above.
[0147] As further shown in Figure 9, in some aspects, encoding the input sequence includes performing one or more subsequence composition selections to generate, from the input sequence, a plurality of subsequence compositions that are each associated with a respective index and a respective set of candidate subsequences (block 920) . For example, the transmitter (such as by using communication manager 140 / 150 or encoding component 1110, depicted in Figure) may perform one or more subsequence composition selections to generate, from the input sequence, a plurality of subsequence compositions that are each associated with a respective index and a respective set of candidate subsequences, as described above.
[0148] As further shown in Figure 9, in some aspects, encoding the input sequence includes performing a plurality of CCDM operations to encode the respective indexes associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to one subsequence in the respective set of candidate subsequences associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to generate a plurality of encoded subsequences (block 930) . For example, the transmitter (such as by using communication manager 140 / 150 or encoding component 1110, depicted in Figure) may perform a plurality of CCDM operations to encode the respective indexes associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to one subsequence in the respective set of candidate subsequences associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to generate a plurality of encoded subsequences, as described above.
[0149] As further shown in Figure 9, in some aspects, encoding the input sequence includes concatenating the plurality of encoded subsequences to generate an encoded symbol sequence having a target composition (block 940) . For example, the transmitter (such as by using communication manager 140 / 150 or encoding component 1110, depicted in Figure) may concatenate the plurality of encoded subsequences to generate an encoded symbol sequence having a target composition, as described above.
[0150] As further shown in Figure 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include transmitting, to a receiver over a wireless channel, a signal associated with the encoded symbol sequence (block 950) . For example, the transmitter (such as by using communication manager 140 / 150 or transmission component 1104, depicted in Figure 11) may transmit, to a receiver over a wireless channel, a signal associated with the encoded symbol sequence, as described above.
[0151] Process 900 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0152] In a first additional aspect, process 900 includes communicating with the receiver to configure parameters associated with the one or more subsequence composition selections and the plurality of CCDM operations.
[0153] In a second additional aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the input sequence has a length that satisfies a threshold associated with one or more of a length of the encoded symbol sequence or the target composition.
[0154] In a third additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the one or more subsequence composition selections are performed prior to the plurality of CCDM operations.
[0155] In a fourth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the one or more subsequence composition selections each partition a subsequence composition into a prefix subsequence composition associated with a set of prefix subsequence candidates that each have a prefix subsequence length, and a postfix subsequence composition associated with a set of postfix subsequence candidates that each have a postfix subsequence length, wherein the postfix subsequence composition is associated with the target composition and the prefix subsequence composition, and wherein the postfix subsequence length is associated with a length of the encoded symbol sequence and the prefix subsequence length.
[0156] In a fifth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the one or more subsequence composition selections are performed in one or more iterations that each determine a quantity of prefix subsequence candidates that approximates a value of a first multinomial coefficient and a quantity of postfix subsequence candidates that approximates a value of a second multinomial coefficient.
[0157] In a sixth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, a quantity of the plurality of subsequence compositions is related to a coupling height for the one or more subsequence composition selections.
[0158] In a seventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the plurality of subsequence compositions each have a length that equals a symbol alphabet size and a set of elements with a sum that equals a length of the set of candidate subsequences associated with the respective subsequence composition.
[0159] In an eighth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the plurality of CCDM operations are performed in parallel.
[0160] In a ninth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the plurality of encoded subsequences are concatenated in accordance with an ordering of the plurality of encoded subsequences.
[0161] In a tenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the respective set of candidate subsequences associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions have a bit-wise marginal distribution that satisfies a target probability distribution over a symbol alphabet.
[0162] Although Figure 9 shows example blocks of process 900, in some aspects, process 900 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Figure 9. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 900 may be performed in parallel.
[0163] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, at a receiver or an apparatus of a receiver that supports a PAS reception architecture in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1000 is an example where the apparatus or the transmitter (for example, UE 120 and / or network node 110) performs operations associated with spatially coupled CCDM.
[0164] As shown in Figure 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include receiving, from a transmitter over a wireless channel, a signal associated with a symbol sequence (block 1010) . For example, the receiver (such as by using communication manager 140 / 150 or reception component 1202, depicted in Figure 12) may receive, from a transmitter over a wireless channel, a signal associated with a symbol sequence, as described above.
[0165] As further shown in Figure 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include decoding the symbol sequence to recover an information bit sequence (block 1020) . For example, the receiver (such as by using communication manager 140 / 150 or decoding component 1210, depicted in Figure 12) may decode the symbol sequence to recover an information bit sequence, as described above.
[0166] As further shown in Figure 10, in some aspects, decoding the symbol sequence includes performing CCDM subsequence decoding to recover a plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions associated with the symbol sequence (block 1030) . For example, the receiver (such as by using communication manager 140 / 150 or decoding component 1210, depicted in Figure 12) may perform CCDM subsequence decoding to recover a plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions associated with the symbol sequence, as described above.
[0167] As further shown in Figure 10, in some aspects, decoding the symbol sequence includes performing index combining for the plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions to determine a decoded integer index associated with the information bit sequence (block 1040) . For example, the receiver (such as by using communication manager 140 / 150 or decoding component 1210, depicted in Figure 12) may perform index combining for the plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions to determine a decoded integer index associated with the information bit sequence, as described above.
[0168] Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0169] In a first additional aspect, process 1000 includes communicating with the transmitter to configure parameters associated with the CCDM subsequence decoding and the index combining.
[0170] In a second additional aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the CCDM subsequence decoding and the index combining are performed sequentially.
[0171] In a third additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the decoded integer index is a smallest integer that equals or exceeds a value of a combined index for the plurality of indexes corresponding to the plurality of subsequence compositions.
[0172] Although Figure 10 shows example blocks of process 1000, in some aspects, process 1000 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Figure 10. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1000 may be performed in parallel.
[0173] Figure 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1100 for wireless communication that supports a PAS transmission architecture in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1100 may be a transmitter, or a transmitter may include the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 includes a reception component 1102, a transmission component 1104, and a communication manager 140 / 150, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses) . As shown, the apparatus 1100 may communicate with another apparatus 1106 (such as a UE, a network node, or another wireless communication device) using the reception component 1102 and the transmission component 1104.
[0174] In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to and / or operable to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figures 8A-8C. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to and / or operable to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 900 of Figure 9. In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 may include one or more components of the network node 110 or the UE 120 described above in connection with Figure 2, the Tx chain 402 described above in connection with Figure 4, and / or the Tx chain in the per-dimension PAS architecture described above in connection with Figure 6.
[0175] The reception component 1102 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications, from the apparatus 1106. The reception component 1102 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1100, such as the communication manager 140 / 150. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, and / or one or more memories of the network node 110 and / or the UE 120 described above in connection with Figure 2.
[0176] The transmission component 1104 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications, to the apparatus 1106. In some aspects, the communication manager 140 / 150 may generate communications and may transmit the generated communications to the transmission component 1104 for transmission to the apparatus 1106. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1106. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, and / or one or more memories of the network node 110 and / or the UE 120 described above in connection with Figure 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may be co-located with the reception component 1102 in one or more transceivers.
[0177] The communication manager 140 / 150 may encode an input sequence that includes a plurality of information bits, wherein encoding the input sequence includes performing one or more subsequence composition selections to generate, from the input sequence, a plurality of subsequence compositions that are each associated with a respective index and a respective set of candidate subsequences; performing a plurality of CCDM operations to encode the respective indexes associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to one subsequence in the respective set of candidate subsequences associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to generate a plurality of encoded subsequences; and concatenating the plurality of encoded subsequences to generate an encoded symbol sequence having a target composition. The communication manager 140 / 150 may transmit or may cause the transmission component 1104 to transmit, to a receiver over a wireless channel, a signal associated with the encoded symbol sequence. In some aspects, the communication manager 140 / 150 may perform one or more operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by one or more components of the communication manager 140 / 150.
[0178] The communication manager 140 / 150 may include one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, one or more schedulers, and / or one or more communication units of the network node 110 and / or the UE 120 described above in connection with Figure 2. In some aspects, the communication manager 140 / 150 includes a set of components, such as an encoding component 1110. Alternatively, the set of components may be separate and distinct from the communication manager 140 / 150. In some aspects, one or more components of the set of components may include or may be implemented within one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, one or more schedulers, and / or one or more communication units of the network node 110 and / or the UE 120 described above in connection with Figure 2. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0179] The encoding component 1110 may encode an input sequence that includes a plurality of information bits, wherein encoding the input sequence includes performing one or more subsequence composition selections to generate, from the input sequence, a plurality of subsequence compositions that are each associated with a respective index and a respective set of candidate subsequences; performing a plurality of CCDM operations to encode the respective indexes associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to one subsequence in the respective set of candidate subsequences associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to generate a plurality of encoded subsequences; and concatenating the plurality of encoded subsequences to generate an encoded symbol sequence having a target composition. The transmission component 1104 may transmit, to a receiver over a wireless channel, a signal associated with the encoded symbol sequence.
[0180] The number and arrangement of components shown in Figure 11 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Figure 11. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Figure 11 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Figure 11 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Figure 11 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Figure 11.
[0181] Figure 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1200 for wireless communication that supports a PAS reception architecture in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1200 may be a receiver, or a receiver may include the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 includes a reception component 1202, a transmission component 1204, and a communication manager 140 / 150, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses) . As shown, the apparatus 1200 may communicate with another apparatus 1206 (such as a UE, a network node, or another wireless communication device) using the reception component 1202 and the transmission component 1204.
[0182] In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to and / or operable to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figures 8A-8C. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to and / or operable to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1000 of Figure 10. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 may include one or more components of the network node 110 or the UE 120 described above in connection with Figure 2, the Rx chain 404 described above in connection with Figure 4, and / or the Rx chain in the per-dimension PAS architecture described above in connection with Figure 6.
[0183] The reception component 1202 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications, from the apparatus 1206. The reception component 1202 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1200, such as the communication manager 140 / 150. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, and / or one or more memories of the network node 110 and / or the UE 120 described above in connection with Figure 2.
[0184] The transmission component 1204 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications, to the apparatus 1206. In some aspects, the communication manager 140 / 150 may generate communications and may transmit the generated communications to the transmission component 1204 for transmission to the apparatus 1206. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1206. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, and / or one or more memories of the network node 110 and / or the UE 120 described above in connection with Figure 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may be co-located with the reception component 1202 in one or more transceivers.
[0185] The communication manager 140 / 150 may receive or may cause the reception component 1202 to receive, from a transmitter over a wireless channel, a signal associated with a symbol sequence. The communication manager 140 / 150 may decode the symbol sequence to recover an information bit sequence, wherein decoding the symbol sequence includes performing CCDM subsequence decoding to recover a plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions associated with the symbol sequence; and performing index combining for the plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions to determine a decoded integer index associated with the information bit sequence. In some aspects, the communication manager 140 / 150 may perform one or more operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by one or more components of the communication manager 140 / 150.
[0186] The communication manager 140 / 150 may include one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, one or more schedulers, and / or one or more communication units of the network node 110 and / or the UE 120 described above in connection with Figure 2. In some aspects, the communication manager 140 / 150 includes a set of components, such as a decoding component 1210. Alternatively, the set of components may be separate and distinct from the communication manager 140 / 150. In some aspects, one or more components of the set of components may include or may be implemented within one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, one or more schedulers, and / or one or more communication units of the network node 110 and / or the UE 120 described above in connection with Figure 2. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0187] The reception component 1202 may receive, from a transmitter over a wireless channel, a signal associated with a symbol sequence. The decoding component 1210 may decode the symbol sequence to recover an information bit sequence, wherein decoding the symbol sequence includes performing CCDM subsequence decoding to recover a plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions associated with the symbol sequence; and performing index combining for the plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions to determine a decoded integer index associated with the information bit sequence.
[0188] The number and arrangement of components shown in Figure 12 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Figure 12. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Figure 12 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Figure 12 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Figure 12 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Figure 12.
[0189] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0190] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication by a transmitter, comprising: encoding an input sequence that includes a plurality of information bits, wherein encoding the input sequence includes: performing one or more subsequence composition selections to generate, from the input sequence, a plurality of subsequence compositions that are each associated with a respective index and a respective set of candidate subsequences; performing a plurality of CCDM operations to encode the respective indexes associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to one subsequence in the respective set of candidate subsequences associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to generate a plurality of encoded subsequences; and concatenating the plurality of encoded subsequences to generate an encoded symbol sequence having a target composition; and transmitting, to a receiver over a wireless channel, a signal associated with the encoded symbol sequence.
[0191] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, further comprising: communicating with the receiver to configure parameters associated with the one or more subsequence composition selections and the plurality of CCDM operations.
[0192] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein the input sequence has a length that satisfies a threshold associated with one or more of a length of the encoded symbol sequence or the target composition.
[0193] Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein the one or more subsequence composition selections are performed prior to the plurality of CCDM operations.
[0194] Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the one or more subsequence composition selections each partition a subsequence composition into: a prefix subsequence composition associated with a set of prefix subsequence candidates that each have a prefix subsequence length, and a postfix subsequence composition associated with a set of postfix subsequence candidates that each have a postfix subsequence length, wherein the postfix subsequence composition is associated with the target composition and the prefix subsequence composition, and wherein the postfix subsequence length is associated with a length of the encoded symbol sequence and the prefix subsequence length.
[0195] Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein the one or more subsequence composition selections are performed in one or more iterations that each determine a quantity of prefix subsequence candidates that approximates a value of a first multinomial coefficient and a quantity of postfix subsequence candidates that approximates a value of a second multinomial coefficient.
[0196] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein a quantity of the plurality of subsequence compositions is related to a coupling height for the one or more subsequence composition selections.
[0197] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, wherein the plurality of subsequence compositions each have a length that equals a symbol alphabet size and a set of elements with a sum that equals a length of the set of candidate subsequences associated with the respective subsequence composition.
[0198] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein the plurality of CCDM operations are performed in parallel.
[0199] Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1-9, wherein the plurality of encoded subsequences are concatenated in accordance with an ordering of the plurality of encoded subsequences.
[0200] Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein the respective set of candidate subsequences associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions have a bit-wise marginal distribution that satisfies a target probability distribution over a symbol alphabet.
[0201] Aspect 12: A method for wireless communication by a receiver, comprising: receiving, from a transmitter over a wireless channel, a signal associated with a symbol sequence; and decoding the symbol sequence to recover an information bit sequence, wherein decoding the symbol sequence includes: performing CCDM subsequence decoding to recover a plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions associated with the symbol sequence; and performing index combining for the plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions to determine a decoded integer index associated with the information bit sequence.
[0202] Aspect 13: The method of Aspect 12, further comprising: communicating with the transmitter to configure parameters associated with the CCDM subsequence decoding and the index combining.
[0203] Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 12-13, wherein the CCDM subsequence decoding and the index combining are performed sequentially.
[0204] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 12-14, wherein the decoded integer index is a smallest integer that equals or exceeds a value of a combined index for the plurality of indexes corresponding to the plurality of subsequence compositions.
[0205] Aspect 16: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15.
[0206] Aspect 17: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15.
[0207] Aspect 18: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15.
[0208] Aspect 19: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15.
[0209] Aspect 20: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15.
[0210] Aspect 21: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15.
[0211] Aspect 22: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-15.
[0212] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.
[0213] As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0214] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.
[0215] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0216] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” and similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B) . Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) . It should be understood that “one or more” is equivalent to “at least one. ”
[0217] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
1.A transmitter for wireless communication, comprising:a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the transmitter to:encode an input sequence that includes a plurality of information bits, wherein the processing system, to encode the input sequence, is configured to cause the transmitter to:perform one or more subsequence composition selections to generate, from the input sequence, a plurality of subsequence compositions that are each associated with a respective index and a respective set of candidate subsequences;perform a plurality of constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) operations to encode the respective indexes associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to one subsequence in the respective set of candidate subsequences associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to generate a plurality of encoded subsequences; andconcatenate the plurality of encoded subsequences to generate an encoded symbol sequence having a target composition; andtransmit, to a receiver over a wireless channel, a signal associated with the encoded symbol sequence.2.The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the transmitter to:communicate with the receiver to configure parameters associated with the one or more subsequence composition selections and the plurality of CCDM operations.3.The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the input sequence has a length that satisfies a threshold associated with one or more of a length of the encoded symbol sequence or the target composition.4.The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the one or more subsequence composition selections are performed prior to the plurality of CCDM operations.5.The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the one or more subsequence composition selections each partition a subsequence composition into:a prefix subsequence composition associated with a set of prefix subsequence candidates that each have a prefix subsequence length, anda postfix subsequence composition associated with a set of postfix subsequence candidates that each have a postfix subsequence length, wherein the postfix subsequence composition is associated with the target composition and the prefix subsequence composition, and wherein the postfix subsequence length is associated with a length of the encoded symbol sequence and the prefix subsequence length.6.The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the one or more subsequence composition selections are performed in one or more iterations that each determine a quantity of prefix subsequence candidates that approximates a value of a first multinomial coefficient and a quantity of postfix subsequence candidates that approximates a value of a second multinomial coefficient.7.The transmitter of claim 1, wherein a quantity of the plurality of subsequence compositions is related to a coupling height for the one or more subsequence composition selections.8.The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the plurality of subsequence compositions each have a length that equals a symbol alphabet size and a set of elements with a sum that equals a length of the set of candidate subsequences associated with the respective subsequence composition.9.The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the plurality of CCDM operations are performed in parallel.10.The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the plurality of encoded subsequences are concatenated in accordance with an ordering of the plurality of encoded subsequences.11.The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the respective set of candidate subsequences associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions have a bit-wise marginal distribution that satisfies a target probability distribution over a symbol alphabet.12.A receiver for wireless communication, comprising:a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the receiver to:receive, from a transmitter over a wireless channel, a signal associated with a symbol sequence; anddecode the symbol sequence to recover an information bit sequence, wherein the processing system, to decode the symbol sequence, is configured to cause the receiver to:perform constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) subsequence decoding to recover a plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions associated with the symbol sequence; andperform index combining for the plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions to determine a decoded integer index associated with the information bit sequence.13.The receiver of claim 12, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the receiver to:communicate with the transmitter to configure parameters associated with the CCDM subsequence decoding and the index combining.14.The receiver of claim 12, wherein the CCDM subsequence decoding and the index combining are performed sequentially.15.The receiver of claim 12, wherein the decoded integer index is a smallest integer that equals or exceeds a value of a combined index for the plurality of indexes corresponding to the plurality of subsequence compositions.16.A method for wireless communication by a transmitter, comprising:encoding an input sequence that includes a plurality of information bits, wherein encoding the input sequence includes:performing one or more subsequence composition selections to generate, from the input sequence, a plurality of subsequence compositions that are each associated with a respective index and a respective set of candidate subsequences;performing a plurality of constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) operations to encode the respective indexes associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to one subsequence in the respective set of candidate subsequences associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions to generate a plurality of encoded subsequences; andconcatenating the plurality of encoded subsequences to generate an encoded symbol sequence having a target composition; andtransmitting, to a receiver over a wireless channel, a signal associated with the encoded symbol sequence.17.The method of claim 16, further comprising:communicating with the receiver to configure parameters associated with the one or more subsequence composition selections and the plurality of CCDM operations.18.The method of claim 16, wherein the input sequence has a length that satisfies a threshold associated with one or more of a length of the encoded symbol sequence or the target composition.19.The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more subsequence composition selections are performed prior to the plurality of CCDM operations.20.The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more subsequence composition selections each partition a subsequence composition into:a prefix subsequence composition associated with a set of prefix subsequence candidates that each have a prefix subsequence length, anda postfix subsequence composition associated with a set of postfix subsequence candidates that each have a postfix subsequence length, wherein the postfix subsequence composition is associated with the target composition and the prefix subsequence composition, and wherein the postfix subsequence length is associated with a length of the encoded symbol sequence and the prefix subsequence length.21.The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more subsequence composition selections are performed in one or more iterations that each determine a quantity of prefix subsequence candidates that approximates a value of a first multinomial coefficient and a quantity of postfix subsequence candidates that approximates a value of a second multinomial coefficient.22.The method of claim 16, wherein a quantity of the plurality of subsequence compositions is related to a coupling height for the one or more subsequence composition selections.23.The method of claim 16, wherein the plurality of subsequence compositions each have a length that equals a symbol alphabet size and a set of elements with a sum that equals a length of the set of candidate subsequences associated with the respective subsequence composition.24.The method of claim 16, wherein the plurality of CCDM operations are performed in parallel.25.The method of claim 16, wherein the plurality of encoded subsequences are concatenated in accordance with an ordering of the plurality of encoded subsequences.26.The method of claim 16, wherein the respective set of candidate subsequences associated with each of the plurality of subsequence compositions have a bit-wise marginal distribution that satisfies a target probability distribution over a symbol alphabet.27.A method for wireless communication by a receiver, comprising:receiving, from a transmitter over a wireless channel, a signal associated with a symbol sequence; anddecoding the symbol sequence to recover an information bit sequence, wherein decoding the symbol sequence includes:performing constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) subsequence decoding to recover a plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions associated with the symbol sequence; andperforming index combining for the plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of subsequence compositions to determine a decoded integer index associated with the information bit sequence.28.The method of claim 27, further comprising:communicating with the transmitter to configure parameters associated with the CCDM subsequence decoding and the index combining.29.The method of claim 27, wherein the CCDM subsequence decoding and the index combining are performed sequentially.30.The method of claim 27, wherein the decoded integer index is a smallest integer that equals or exceeds a value of a combined index for the plurality of indexes corresponding to the plurality of subsequence compositions.
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