Devices and methods of communication
The WAB node with full gNB and UE functionality addresses the challenges of signaling overhead and complexity in mobile base station relays by enabling efficient data transmission through optimized communication protocols, enhancing cellular coverage and connectivity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/086515
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in providing efficient and simplified relay solutions for mobile base station relays, particularly in outdoor environments, leading to increased signaling overhead and complexity in group handovers.
The implementation of a WAB node with full gNB and UE functionality, enabling the transport of control plane and user plane data through a first RAN node as a parent node, utilizing various communication protocols and interfaces such as NG-C, NG-U, Xn, and Uu links to facilitate seamless data transmission.
This approach reduces signaling overhead and simplifies group handovers by providing efficient data transmission between terminal devices and core network nodes, enhancing cellular coverage and connectivity.
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Figure CN2024086515_16102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS OF COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to devices and methods of communication for wireless access backhaul (WAB) .BACKGROUND
[0002] In some outdoor environments, availability of vehicles equipped with mobile base station relays (e.g., vehicle-mounted relays (VMR) ) , either following a certain known / predictable itinerary (e.g., buses, trams, etc. ) , or situated in convenient locations (e.g., outside stadiums, hot-spot areas, emergency sites, etc. ) , may provide very opportunistic boost to cellular coverage and capacity. Those relays, using a fifth generation (5G) wireless backhaul toward a macro network, may indeed offer better 5G coverage and connectivity to neighboring user equipment (UE) . In order to support a simplified relay solution and reduce signaling overhead of group handover, it is proposed to study WAB which has full gNB and UE functionality on a vehicle and works as a relay node.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer storage media of communication for WAB.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a WAB node. The WAB node comprises a processor configured to cause the WAB node to at least one of the following: transport, via a first radio access network (RAN) node as a parent node of the WAB node, at least one of a first control plane signaling or first user plane data between a first node and a second node, wherein the first node is a terminal device or the WAB node, and the second node is a core network (CN) node of the first node or a second RAN node; or transport at least one of a second control plane signaling or second user plane data between the WAB node and the first RAN node.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a first RAN node. The first RAN node comprises a processor configured to cause the first RAN node to at least one of the following: forward at least one of a first control plane signaling or first user plane data between a first node and a second node, wherein the first node is a terminal device or a WAB node, and the second node is a CN node of the first node or a second RAN node; or transport at least one of a second control plane signaling or second user plane data between the WAB node and the first RAN node, the first RAN node being a parent node of the WAB node.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises at least one of the following: transporting, at a WAB node via a first RAN node as a parent node of the WAB node, at least one of a first control plane signaling or first user plane data between a first node and a second node, wherein the first node is a terminal device or the WAB node, and the second node is a CN node of the first node or a second RAN node; or transporting at least one of a second control plane signaling or second user plane data between the WAB node and the first RAN node.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises at least one of the following: forwarding, at a first RAN node, at least one of a first control plane signaling or first user plane data between a first node and a second node, wherein the first node is a terminal device or a WAB node, and the second node is a CN node of the first node or a second RAN node; or transporting at least one of a second control plane signaling or second user plane data between the WAB node and the first RAN node, the first RAN node being a parent node of the WAB node.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to the third or fourth aspect of the present disclosure.
[0009] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram illustrating example architectures of WAB according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram illustrating an example WAB topology according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0014] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0015] FIG. 5A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example protocol stack for next generation application protocol (NGAP) according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] FIG. 5B illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack for NGAP according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 5C illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack for NGAP according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 5D illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack for NGAP according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 5E illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack for NGAP according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 5F illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack for NGAP according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 6 illustrates a diagram illustrating an example protocol stack for general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol (GTP) user plane (GTP-U) according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 7A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example protocol stack for supporting a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling between UE and CN according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 7B illustrates a diagram illustrating an example protocol stack for supporting user plane data between UE and CN according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 8A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example protocol stack for Xn control plane (Xn-C) protocol according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 8B illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack for Xn-C protocol according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 8C illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack for Xn-C protocol according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 8D illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack for Xn-C protocol according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 9A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example protocol stack for Xn user plane (Xn-U) protocol according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 9B illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack for Xn-U protocol according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 10A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example protocol stack for Xn-C protocol for WAB according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 10B illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack for Xn-C protocol for WAB according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 10C illustrates a diagram illustrating an example protocol stack for Xn-U protocol for WAB according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a WAB node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a first RAN node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0035] FIG. 13 is a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0036] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0038] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0039] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for integrated access and backhaul (IAB) , devices for wireless access backhaul (WAB) , space borne vehicles or air borne vehicles in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including satellites and high altitude platforms (HAPs) encompassing unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) , XR devices including different types of realities such as augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) and virtual reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple subscriber identity module (SIM) as known as multi-SIM. The term ‘terminal device’ can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0040] As used herein, the term ‘network device’ or ‘network element’ refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services from the network. The communication network may be a CN. The network device or element in CN (also referred to as CN node herein) may refer to a policy control function (PCF) , an access management function (AMF) , a session management function (SMF) , a user plane function (UPF) , unified data management (UDM) , unified data repository (UDR) , an authentication server function (AUSF) , a proximity-based service (ProSe) key management function (PKMF) , a direct discovery name management function (DDNMF) , a network exposure function (NEF) , etc.
[0041] The communication network may be a RAN. The network device or element in RAN (also referred to as a RAN node herein) may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0042] The terminal device or the network device may have artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0043] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (410 MHz to 7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under a multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0044] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
[0045] In one embodiment, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In one embodiment, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In one embodiment, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In one embodiment, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In one embodiment, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0046] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0047] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0048] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘WAB node’ herein refers to a relay that holds full gNB function and UE function. In other words, a WAB node is a RAN node that supports wireless Uu (e.g., new radio (NR) or the sixth generation (6G) ) access links to UEs and wireless Uu links for backhaul to parent RAN nodes. The term ‘WAB node’ may be interchangeably used with ‘VMR’ or ‘relay’ . The term ‘WAB’ may be interchangeably used with ‘wireless backhaul’ .
[0049] A WAB node may include a mobile termination and a network termination. For convenience, the mobile termination of the WAB node may also be referred to as a WAB-mobile termination (MT) herein. WAB-MT may refer to a WAB node function that terminates a Uu interface to a parent node using procedures and behaviors specified for UEs unless stated otherwise. In other words, WAB-MT has a UE function.
[0050] For convenience, the network termination of the WAB node may also be referred to as a WAB-network termination (NT) herein. WAB-NT refer to a WAB node function that provides a full gNB function for NR access to UE. In other words, WAB-NT has a full gNB function.
[0051] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘backhaul (BH) base station’ herein may refer to a RAN node that provides NR Uu link for backhauling of a WAB node. The BH base station may be a parent RAN node or cell or gNB of a WAB-MT or WAB node. The term ‘BH base station’ may be interchangeably used with ‘BH gNB’ or ‘RAN node’ or ‘parent RAN node’ or ‘parent node’ or ‘parent gNB’ or ‘cell of WAB-MT’ .
[0052] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions for architectures and protocol stacks of WAB. In one aspect, a WAB node may transport, via a first RAN node as a parent node of the WAB node, at least one of a first control plane signaling or first user plane data between a first node and a second node. The first node may be a terminal device or the WAB node. The second node may be a CN node of the first node or a second RAN node. In this way, data or signaling transmission between a WAB node and a network node (RAN node or CN node) may be enabled.
[0053] In another aspect, the WAB node may transport at least one of a second control plane signaling or second user plane data between the WAB node and the first RAN node. In this way, data or signaling transmission between a WAB node and parent node may be enabled.
[0054] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘node’ herein may be interchangeably used with ‘device’ . The term ‘transport’ herein may refer to a transmission and / or reception of data or signaling.
[0055] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0056] EXAMPLE OF COMMUNICATION NETWORK
[0057] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1, the communication network 100 may include a terminal device 110, a WAB node 120, RAN devices 130 and 131, and a CN element 140 (e.g., AMF or UPF) . The terminal device 110 may communicate with the RAN device 130 or 131 via the WAB node 120, and may communicate with the CN element 140 via the WAB node 120 and the RAN device 130 or 131. In this case, the RAN device 130 or 131 serves as a parent node of the WAB node 120.
[0058] It is to be understood that the number of terminal devices, RAN devices, WAB nodes or CN elements in FIG. 1 is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The communication network 100 may include any suitable number of terminal devices and / or RAN devices and / or WAB nodes and / or CN elements adapted for implementing implementations of the present disclosure.
[0059] As shown in FIG. 1, the WAB node 120 may include a WAB-MT 121 and a WAB-NT 122. The WAB-MT 121 has a UE function. The WAB-NT 122 has a full gNB function. The terminal device 110 may communicate with the WAB-NT 122 via a wireless Uu access link, and the WAB-MT 121 may communicate with the RAN device 130 or 131 via a wireless Uu backhaul link. In some embodiments, a protocol data unit (PDU) session may be established between the WAB-MT 121 and the CN element 140 (e.g., UPF) , and data may be backhauled over the PDU session.
[0060] The communications in the communication network 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, global system for mobile communications (GSM) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-evolution, LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , NR, wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , code division multiple access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE radio access network (GERAN) , machine type communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0061] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication for WAB so as to provide architectures and protocol stacks for WAB. The solutions will be described in detail with reference to FIGs. 2 to 10C below.
[0062] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNICATION FOR WAB
[0063] FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram 200 illustrating example architectures of WAB according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Architectures 210 and 220 of WAB are shown in FIG. 2.
[0064] In the architecture 210, a WAB node and / or its parent node may be connected by means of next generation (NG) interfaces to CN (e.g., 5G core network (5GC) ) . In some embodiments, the WAB node and / or its parent node may be connected to an AMF by means of a NG-control plane (NG-C) interface and to a UPF by means of a NG-user plane (NG-U) interface. In the architecture 210, the WAB node may connect to its parent node (e.g., gNB) by means of a NR Uu link and a Xn link. The parent node may connect to other RAN node (e.g., gNB) by means of a Xn link.
[0065] In the architecture 220, a WAB node may be in a dual connectivity (DC) with parent nodes (e.g., gNB and mobile edge networking base station (MeNB) ) . The WAB node may be connected to the MeNB via a LTE Uu interface, and to the gNB via a NR Uu interface and a Xn interface. In the architecture 220, the WAB node and / or gNB may be connected to CN (e.g., mobility management entity (MME) or signaling gate way (SGW) or packet data networks gateway (PGW) by means of a S1-user plane (S1-U) interface. MeNB and eNB may be connected to CN (e.g., MME or S-PGW) by means of a S1 interface. In the architecture 220, MeNB may be connected to eNB by means of a X2 interface, and gNB may be connected to MeNB by means of a X2-control plane (X2-C) interface.
[0066] FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram illustrating an example WAB topology 300 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In the WAB topology 300, all WAB nodes may be connected to CN via single or multiple backhaul hops and may be controlled by AMF or parent nodes via a NG, NAS and / or radio resource control (RRC) message to form a WAB topology. In the WAB topology 300, a neighbour node of a WAB-MT is referred to as a parent node. A direction toward UE is referred to as a downstream, and a direction toward the parent node is referred to as an upstream. The AMF and / or parent nodes may perform a centralized resource and topology management for the WAB topology.
[0067] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 400 of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 400 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 400 may involve the UE 110, the WAB node 120, the RAN node 130, the RAN node 131 and the CN node 140 as illustrated in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 4 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any suitable additional steps may be added. In this example, the RAN node 130 is a parent node of the WAB node 120, the terminal device 110 is served by the WAB node 120, and the RAN node 131 is a RAN node other than a parent node of the WAB node. For convenience, the RAN node 130 may also be called as the parent node 130 hereinafter.
[0068] As shown in FIG. 4, the WAB node 120 may transport 410, via the parent node 130, a control plane signaling (also referred to as a first control plane signaling herein) and / or user plane data (also referred to as first user plane data herein) between a first node and a second node. In some embodiments, the first control plane signaling may comprise at least one of the following: a NGAP message, a Xn application protocol (XnAP) message, or a NAS message.
[0069] In some embodiments, the first node may be the WAB node 120 and the second node may be a CN node of the WAB node 120. With reference to FIG. 4, the WAB node 120 may transport 411, via the parent node 130, the first control plane signaling or the first user plane data between the WAB node 120 and the CN node (e.g., the CN node 140) of the WAB node 120.
[0070] In some embodiments, the first node may be the terminal device 110 and the second node may be a CN node of the terminal device 110. With reference to FIG. 4, the WAB node 120 may transport 412, via the parent node 130, the first control plane signaling or the first user plane data between the terminal device 110 and the CN node (e.g., the CN node 140) of the terminal device 110. It is to be understood that the CN node of the parent node 130 may be different from the CN of the terminal device 110 in some alternative embodiments.
[0071] In some embodiments, the WAB node 120 may transport the first control plane signaling by putting the first control plane signaling in a NAS message. In some embodiments, the WAB node 120 may transport the first control plane signaling by putting the first control plane signaling in a container of a RRC message. In some embodiments, the WAB node 120 may transport the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as normal user plane data. In some embodiments, the WAB node 120 may transport the first user plane data by treating the first user plane data as normal user plane data. In some embodiments, the WAB node 120 may encapsulate the user plane data by at least one of the following: an adaptation protocol layer for WAB, a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, or a radio link control (RLC) layer.
[0072] In some embodiments, the parent node 130 may forward the first control plane signaling via a NAS signaling between the WAB-MT 121 and a CN node (also referred to as a second CN node herein) of the parent node. The second CN node has a control plane function, e.g., AMF. In some embodiments, the parent node 130 may transport the first control plane signaling via a control plane interface (e.g., NG-C) between the parent node 130 and the first or second node. In some embodiments, the parent node 130 may transport the first control plane signaling via a user plane interface (e.g., NG-U) between the parent node 130 and a CN node (also referred to as a fourth CN node herein) of the parent node 130. The fourth CN node has a user plane function, e.g., UPF. In some embodiments, the parent node 130 may forward the first control plane signaling between the parent node 130 and a CN node (also referred to as a first CN node herein) of the first node via an Internet protocol (IP) routing. The first CN node has a control plane function, e.g., AMF.
[0073] For illustration, some example protocol stacks will be described in connection with FIGs. 5A to 7B below. In the context of the present disclosure, an AMF of a WAB node may be equivalent to an AMF of WAB-gNB or WAB-NT of WAB node. It is to be noted that AMF of WAB node / UE and AMF of WAB-MT / parent node may be the same or different AMFs. It is also to be noted that an AMF of a WAB node may be equivalent to an AMF of UE, and an AMF of a WAB-MT may be equivalent to an AMF of a parent node.
[0074] FIG. 5A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example protocol stack 500A for NGAP according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In the protocol stack 500A, dashed parts are optional.
[0075] As shown in FIG. 5A, a NGAP signaling between a WAB node and an AMF of the WAB node may be transported via a NAS signaling between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and an AMF of the WAB-MT. For example, the NGAP signaling may be transported in a container which is carried by the NAS signaling. It is to be understood that the NAS signaling may be an existing NAS signaling or a newly defined NAS signaling dedicated for WAB. As shown in FIG. 5A, a parent node of the WAB node may forward the NGAP signaling between the parent node and an AMF of the parent node via a NG-C interface. Although not shown, it is to be understood that the AMF of the WAB-MT / parent node may forward the NGAP signaling between the AMF of the WAB-MT / parent node and the AMF of the UE / WAB-node if the AMF of the WAB-MT / parent node is different from the AMF of the UE / WAB-node.
[0076] The protocol stack 500A may also be applied to a transportation of a NAS signaling between UE and an AMF of the UE. For example, the NAS signaling between the UE and the AMF of the UE may be encapsulated via a NGAP or IP layer in the WAB node. An NGAP signaling may be transported via a NAS signaling between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and an AMF of the WAB-MT. A parent node of the WAB node may forward the NGAP signaling between the parent node and an AMF of the parent node via a NG-C interface. The AMF of the parent node may forward the NGAP signaling between the AMF of the parent node and the AMF of the WAB node if the AMF of the parent node is different from the AMF of the WAB node. The AMF of the WAB-MT may forward the NGAP signaling between the AMF of the WAB-MT and the AMF of the UE if the AMF of the WAB-MT is different from the AMF of the UE.
[0077] FIG. 5B illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack 500B for NGAP according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In the protocol stack 500B, dashed parts are optional.
[0078] As shown in FIG. 5B, a NGAP signaling between a WAB node and an AMF of the WAB node may be transported in a container (e.g., transparent container) which is carried by a RRC signaling between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and a parent node of the WAB node. The parent node may transport the NGAP signaling via a NG-C interface between the parent node and an AMF of the parent node. Although not shown, it is to be understood that the AMF of the parent node may forward the NGAP signaling between the AMF of the parent node and the AMF of the WAB node if the AMF of the parent node is different from the AMF of the WAB node.
[0079] The protocol stack 500B may also be applied to a transportation of a NAS signaling between UE and an AMF of the UE. For example, the NAS signaling between the UE and the AMF of the UE may be encapsulated via a NGAP or IP layer in the WAB node. An NGAP signaling may be transported in the container (e.g., transparent container) which is carried by the RRC signaling between the WAB-MT and the parent node. The parent node may transport the NGAP signaling via the NG-C interface between the parent node and the AMF of the parent node. Although not shown, it is to be understood that the AMF of the parent node may forward the NGAP signaling between the AMF of the parent node and the AMF of the UE if the AMF of the parent node is different from the AMF of the UE.
[0080] FIG. 5C illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack 500C for NGAP according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In the protocol stack 500C, dashed parts are optional.
[0081] As shown in FIG. 5C, a NGAP signaling between a WAB node and an AMF of the WAB node may be transported by treating the NGAP signaling as user plane data between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and a parent node of the WAB node. The parent node may transport the NGAP signaling via a NG-C interface between the parent node and an AMF of the parent node. Although not shown, it is to be understood that the AMF of the parent node may forward the NGAP signaling between the AMF of the parent node and the AMF of the WAB node if the AMF of the parent node is different from the AMF of the WAB node.
[0082] The protocol stack 500C may also be applied to a transportation of a NAS signaling between UE and an AMF of the UE. For example, the NAS signaling between the UE and the AMF of the UE may be encapsulated via a NGAP or IP layer in the WAB node. An NGAP signaling may be transported by treating the NGAP signaling as user plane data between the WAB-MT and the parent node. The parent node may transport the NGAP signaling via the NG-C interface between the parent node and an AMF of the parent node. Although not shown, it is to be understood that the AMF of the parent node may forward the NGAP signaling between the AMF of the parent node and the AMF of the UE if the AMF of the parent node is different from the AMF of the UE.
[0083] In the protocol stack 500C, a WAB adaptation protocol (WAP) layer may be introduced between the WAB-MT and the parent node. The WAP layer may respond for mapping the NGAP signaling to a proper radio bearer or channel or link. In some embodiments, PDCP and / or SDAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be over the SDAP or PDCP or RLC layer.
[0084] FIG. 5D illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack 500D for NGAP according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In the protocol stack 500D, dashed parts are optional.
[0085] As shown in FIG. 5D, a NGAP signaling between a WAB node and an AMF of the WAB node may be transported by treating the NGAP signaling as user plane data between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and an UPF of the WAB-MT. The parent node may transport the NGAP signaling via a NG-U interface between the parent node and a UPF of the parent node. The UPF of the parent node may transport the NGAP signaling via an IP layer between the UPF of the parent node and the AMF of the WAB node.
[0086] The protocol stack 500D may also be applied to a transportation of a NAS signaling between UE and an AMF of the UE. For example, the NAS signaling between the UE and the AMF of the UE may be encapsulated via a NGAP or IP layer in the WAB node. An NGAP signaling may be transported by treating the NGAP signaling as user plane data between the WAB-MT and the UPF of the WAB-MT. The parent node may transport the NGAP signaling via the NG-U interface between the parent node and the UPF of the parent node. The UPF of the parent node may transport the NGAP signaling via an IP layer between the UPF of the parent node and the AMF of the UE.
[0087] In the protocol stack 500D, a WAP layer may be introduced between the WAB-MT and the parent node. The WAP layer may respond for mapping the NGAP signaling to a proper radio bearer or channel or link. In some embodiments, PDCP and / or SDAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be over the SDAP or PDCP or RLC layer.
[0088] FIG. 5E illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack 500E for NGAP according to embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5E, a NGAP signaling between a WAB node and an AMF of the WAB node may be transported in a container (e.g., transparent container) which is carried by a RRC signaling between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and a parent node of the WAB node. The parent node may transport the NGAP signaling by treating the NGAP signaling as user plane data between the parent node and a UPF of the parent node. For example, the parent node may transport the NGAP signaling via a NG-U interface between the parent node and the UPF of the parent node. The UPF of the parent node may transport the NGAP signaling via an IP layer between the UPF of the parent node and the AMF of the WAB node.
[0089] The protocol stack 500E may also be applied to a transportation of a NAS signaling between UE and an AMF of the UE. For example, the NAS signaling between the UE and the AMF of the UE may be encapsulated via a NGAP or IP layer in the WAB node. An NGAP signaling may be transported in a container (e.g., transparent container) which is carried by the RRC signaling between the WAB-MT and the parent node. The parent node may transport the NGAP signaling by treating the NGAP signaling as user plane data between the parent node and a UPF of the parent node. The UPF of the parent node may transport the NGAP signaling via the IP layer between the UPF of the parent node and the AMF of the WAB node.
[0090] FIG. 5F illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack 500F for NGAP according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In the protocol stack 500F, dashed parts are optional.
[0091] As shown in FIG. 5F, a NGAP signaling between a WAB node and an AMF of the WAB node may be transported by treating the NGAP signaling as user plane data between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and a parent node of the WAB node. The parent node may forward the NGAP signaling between the parent node and the AMF of the WAB node via an IP routing.
[0092] The protocol stack 500F may also be applied to a transportation of a NAS signaling between UE and an AMF of the UE. For example, the NAS signaling between the UE and the AMF of the UE may be encapsulated via a NGAP or IP layer in the WAB node. The NGAP signaling may be transported by treating the NGAP signaling as user plane data between the WAB-MT and the parent node. The parent node may forward the NGAP signaling between the parent node and the AMF of the WAB node via the IP routing.
[0093] In this architecture of the protocol stack 500F, ability of IP routing may be required for the parent node. A WAP layer may be introduced between the WAB-MT and the parent node. The WAP layer may respond for mapping the NGAP signaling to a proper radio bearer or channel or link. In some embodiments, PDCP and / or SDAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be over the SDAP or PDCP or RLC layer.
[0094] FIG. 6 illustrates a diagram illustrating an example protocol stack 600 for GTP-U according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In the protocol stack 600, dashed parts are optional.
[0095] As shown in FIG. 6, user plane data (e.g., user plane PDUs) between a WAB node and an UPF of the WAB node may be transported by treating the user plane PDUs as normal user plane data between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and a parent node of the WAB node. The parent node may transport the user plane PDUs between the parent node and an UPF of the parent node via a NG-U interface.
[0096] The protocol stack 600 may also be applied to a transportation of user plane PDUs between UE and a UPF of the UE. For example, the user plane PDUs between the UE and the UPF of the UE may be transported via a GTP-U or IP layer of the WAB node between the UE and the WAB node. The user plane PDUs may be transported by treating it as user plane data between the WAB-MT and the parent node. The parent node may transport the user plane PDUs between the parent node and an UPF of the parent node via a NG-U interface. Although not shown, it is to be understood that the UPF of the parent node may transport the user plane PDUs between the UPF of the parent node and the UPF of the UE if the UPF of the parent node is different from the UPF of the UE.
[0097] In the protocol stack 600, GTP-U PDUs (e.g., encapsulated in IP packets) between the WAB node / UE and the UPF of the WAB node / UE may be treated as normal user plane data or be encapsulated by a WAP layer. In some embodiments, PDCP and / or SDAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be over the SDAP or PDCP or RLC layer.
[0098] In summary, control plane signaling (e.g., NGAP messages between a WAB node and CN, or NAS messages between UE and AMF) may be put in a container of RRC or NAS (e.g., in the WAB node) , or treated as normal user plane data. User plane data (e.g., GTP-U) between a WAB node / UE and CN is treated as normal user plane data. A WAP layer may be introduced to 1) map control plane signaling or user plane data to a proper radio bearer, 2) flow control feedback and polling signaling, or 3) manage a channel / link for data transmission. Based on such information, signaling or data transmission between a WAB node / UE and CN may be enabled.
[0099] In some embodiments for a NAS signaling between UE and an AMF of the UE, the UE may transport the NAS signaling via a RRC message (also referred to as a first RRC message herein) between the UE and a WAB node. The WAB node may transport the NAS signaling in a container of a RRC message (also referred to as a second RRC message herein) between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and a parent node of the WAB node. The parent node may transport the NAS signaling via a control plane interface (e.g., NG-C) between the parent node and an AMF of the parent node. The AMF of the parent node may transport the NAS signaling between the AMF of the parent node and the AMF of the UE if the AMF of the parent node is different from the AMF of the UE.
[0100] FIG. 7A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example protocol stack 700A for supporting a NAS signaling between UE and CN (e.g., 5GC) according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In the protocol stack 700A, dashed parts are optional. As shown in FIG. 7A, a NAS signaling between UE and AMF may be transported in a (transparent) container (e.g. DedicatedNAS-Message) which is carried by a RRC signaling between a WAB-MT and its parent node. For example, when a WAB-gNB received a RRC message with a piggybacked NAS message from the UE, the WAB-gNB may put the NAS message without any change in the container of a RRC message (e.g. DedicatedNAS-Message) between the WAB-MT and its parent node.
[0101] In some embodiments for user plane data between UE and a UPF of the UE, the UE may transport the user plane data via a NR Uu interface between the UE and its WAB node. The WAB node may not transport the user plane data via a GTP-U tunnel, and may directly forward the user plane data via a user plane protocol (e.g., NR-Uu interface) between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and a parent node of the WAB node. The parent node may transport the user plane data via a user plane interface (e.g., NG-U) between the parent node and a UPF of the parent node. The UPF of the parent node may transport the user plane data between the UPF of the parent node and the UPF of the UE if the UPF of the parent node is different from the UPF of the UE.
[0102] FIG. 7B illustrates a diagram illustrating an example protocol stack 700B for supporting user plane data between UE and CN (e.g., 5GC) according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In the protocol stack 700B, dashed parts are optional. As shown in FIG. 7B, in a WAB node, user data from UE may not be mapped to a GTP-U tunnel, and may be directly forwarded to a user plane protocol between a WAB-MT and its parent node.
[0103] Based on the protocol stacks 700A and 700B, control plane signaling and user plane data may be successfully transmitted between UE and CN.
[0104] Returning to FIG. 4, in some embodiments, the WAB node 120 may transport 413, via the parent node 130, the first control plane signaling or the first user plane data between the WAB node 120 and the RAN node 131. In this case, the first node is the WAB node 120 and the second node is the RAN node 131.
[0105] In some embodiments, the WAB node 120 may transport the first control plane signaling by putting the first control plane signaling in a container of a RRC message. In some embodiments, the WAB node 120 may transport the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as normal user plane data between the WAB node 120 and the parent node 130. In some embodiments, the WAB node 120 may transport the first user plane data by treating the first user plane data as normal user plane data between the WAB node 120 and the parent node 130.
[0106] In some embodiments, the parent node 130 may transport the first control plane signaling via a control plane interface between the parent node 130 and the RAN node 131. In some embodiments, the parent node 130 may transport the first control plane signaling via a user plane interface between the parent node 130 and the RAN node 131. In some embodiments, the parent node 130 may transport the first user plane data by treating the first user plane data as normal user plane data between the parent node 130 and the RAN node 131. In some embodiments, the parent node 130 may transport the first user plane data by IP routing between the parent node 130 and the RAN node 131.
[0107] In some embodiments, the WAB node 120 or the parent node 130 may encapsulate the user plane data by at least one of the following: an adaptation protocol layer for WAB, a SDAP layer, a PDCP layer, or a RLC layer.
[0108] For illustration, some example protocol stacks will be described in connection with FIGs. 8A to 9B below. FIG. 8A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example protocol stack 800A for Xn-C protocol according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In the protocol stack 800A, dashed parts are optional. In this example, RAN node 1 (e.g., gNB1) is a parent node of a WAB node, and RAN node 2 (e.g., gNB2) is another RAN node which is not a parent node of the WAB node.
[0109] As shown in FIG. 8A, a XnAP signaling between the WAB node and the RAN node 2 may be transported in a NR Uu interface by treating the XnAP signaling as user plane data between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and the RAN node 1. The RAN node 1 may transport the XnAP signaling via a Xn-C interface between the RAN node 1 and the RAN node 2.
[0110] In the protocol stack 800A, a WAP layer may be introduced between the WAB-MT and the parent node. The WAP layer may respond for mapping the XnAP signaling to a proper radio bearer or channel or link. In some embodiments, PDCP and / or SDAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be over the SDAP or PDCP or RLC layer.
[0111] FIG. 8B illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack 800B for Xn-C protocol according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In this example, RAN node 1 (e.g., gNB1) is a parent node of a WAB node, and RAN node 2 (e.g., gNB2) is another RAN node which is not a parent node of the WAB node.
[0112] As shown in FIG. 8B, a XnAP signaling between the WAB node and the RAN node 2 may be transported in a container which is carried by a RRC signaling between a WAB- MT of the WAB node and the parent node. The RAN node 1 may transport the XnAP signaling via a Xn-C interface between the RAN node 1 and the RAN node 2.
[0113] FIG. 8C illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack 800C for Xn-C protocol according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In this example, RAN node 1 (e.g., gNB1) is a parent node of a WAB node, and RAN node 2 (e.g., gNB2) is another RAN node which is not a parent node of the WAB node.
[0114] As shown in FIG. 8C, a XnAP signaling between the WAB node and the RAN node 2 may be transported in a container which is carried by a RRC signaling between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and the parent node. The RAN node 1 may transport the XnAP signaling by treating the XnAP signaling as user plane data between the RAN node 1 and the RAN node 2. For example, the RAN node 1 may transport the XnAP signaling via a user plane interface (e.g., NG-U) between the RAN node 1 and the RAN node.
[0115] FIG. 8D illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack 800D for Xn-C protocol according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In the protocol stack 800D, dashed parts are optional. In this example, RAN node 1 (e.g., gNB1) is a parent node of a WAB node, and RAN node 2 (e.g., gNB2) is another RAN node which is not a parent node of the WAB node.
[0116] As shown in FIG. 8D, a XnAP signaling between the WAB node and the RAN node 2 may be transported in a NR Uu interface by treating the XnAP signaling as user plane data between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and the RAN node 1. The RAN node 1 may transport the XnAP signaling by treating the XnAP signaling as user plane data between the RAN node 1 and the RAN node 2. For example, the RAN node 1 may transport the XnAP signaling via a NG-U interface between the RAN node 1 and the RAN node 2.
[0117] In the protocol stack 800D, a WAP layer may be introduced between the WAB-MT and the parent node. The WAP layer may respond for mapping the XnAP signaling to a proper radio bearer or channel or link. In some embodiments, PDCP and / or SDAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be over the SDAP or PDCP or RLC layer.
[0118] FIG. 9A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example protocol stack 900A for Xn-U protocol according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In the protocol stack 900A, dashed parts are optional. In this example, RAN node 1 (e.g., gNB1) is a parent node of a WAB node, and RAN node 2 (e.g., gNB2) is another RAN node which is not a parent node of the WAB node.
[0119] As shown in FIG. 9A, user plane PDUs between the WAB node and the RAN node 2 may be transported by treating the user plane PDUs as user plane data between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and the RAN node 1. The RAN node 1 may transport the user plane PDUs by treating the user plane PDUs as user plane data between the RAN node 1 and the RAN node 2. For example, the RAN node 1 may transport the user plane PDUs via a Xn-U interface between the RAN node 1 and the RAN node 2.
[0120] In the protocol stack 900A, two Xn-U interfaces may be setup: one between WAB-gNB and the RAN node 2, and another between the RAN node 1 and the RAN node 2. In some embodiments, a WAP layer may be introduced between the WAB-MT and the parent node. In some embodiments, PDCP and / or SDAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be over the SDAP or PDCP or RLC layer.
[0121] FIG. 9B illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack 900B for Xn-U protocol according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In the protocol stack 900B, dashed parts are optional. In this example, RAN node 1 (e.g., gNB1) is a parent node of a WAB node, and RAN node 2 (e.g., gNB2) is another RAN node which is not a parent node of the WAB node.
[0122] As shown in FIG. 9B, user plane PDUs between the WAB node and the RAN node 2 may be transported by treating the user plane PDUs as user plane data between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and the RAN node 1. The RAN node 1 may transport the user plane PDUs via an IP routing between the RAN node 1 and the RAN node 2.
[0123] In this architecture of the protocol stack 900B, ability of IP routing is required for the parent node. In some embodiments, a WAP layer may be introduced between the WAB-MT and the parent node. In some embodiments, PDCP and / or SDAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be over the SDAP or PDCP or RLC layer.
[0124] In summary, control plane data (e.g., XnAP messages) between a WAB node and its parent node may be put in a container of a RRC message, or treated as normal user plane data. User plane data (e.g., GTP-U) between a WAB node and other RAN node (s) (not parent node) is treated as normal user plane data. Based on such information, signaling or data transmission between the WAB node and other RAN node (s) may be enabled.
[0125] Continuing to refer to FIG. 4, the WAB node 120 may transport 420 a control plane signaling (also referred to as a second control plane signaling herein) and / or user plane data (also referred to as second user plane data herein) between the WAB node 120 and the parent node 130. In some embodiments, the second control plane signaling may comprise at least one of the following: a NGAP message, a XnAP message, or a NAS message.
[0126] In some embodiments, the WAB node 120 may transport the second control plane signaling by putting the second control plane signaling in a container of a RRC message. In some embodiments, the WAB node 120 may transport the second control plane signaling by treating the second control plane signaling as normal user plane data. In some embodiments, the WAB node 120 may transport the second user plane data by treating the second user plane data as normal user plane data. For illustration, some example protocol stacks will be described in connection with FIGs. 10A to 10C below.
[0127] FIG. 10A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example protocol stack 1000A for Xn-C protocol for WAB according to embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 10A, a XnAP signaling between a WAB node and a parent node of the WAB node (e.g., encapsulated in IP packets) may be transported in a container (e.g., transparent container) which is carried by a RRC signaling between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and the parent node.
[0128] FIG. 10B illustrates a diagram illustrating another example protocol stack 1000B for Xn-C protocol for WAB according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In the protocol stack 1000B, dashed parts are optional. As shown in FIG. 10B, a XnAP signaling between a WAB node and a parent node of the WAB node may be transported by treating the XnAP signaling as user plane data in a NR Uu interface between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and the parent node. In some embodiments, XnAP PDUs (e.g., encapsulated in IP packets) between the WAB node and the parent node may be encapsulated by a WAP layer, and then be treated as normal user plane data between the WAB-MT and the parent node. In some embodiments, PDCP and / or SDAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be over the SDAP or PDCP or RLC layer.
[0129] FIG. 10C illustrates a diagram illustrating an example protocol stack 1000C for Xn-U protocol for WAB according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In the protocol stack 1000C, dashed parts are optional. As shown in FIG. 10C, user plane PDUs between a WAB node and a parent node of the WAB node may be transported by treating the user plane PDUs as user plane data in a NR Uu interface between a WAB-MT of the WAB node and the parent node. In some embodiments, GTP-U PDUs (e.g., encapsulated in IP packets) between the WAB node and the parent node of the WAB node may be encapsulated by a WAP layer, and then be treated as normal user plane data between the WAB-MT and the parent node. In some embodiments, PDCP and / or SDAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be optional and may exist or not exist in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the WAP layer may be over the SDAP or PDCP or RLC layer.
[0130] In this way, signaling or data transmission between a WAB node and its parent node may be enabled.
[0131] It is to be understood that operations in the process 400 may be separately carried out or in any suitable combinations. The present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0132] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS
[0133] Corresponding to the above process, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods of communication implemented at a WAB node and a first RAN node (i.e., a parent node of a WAB node) . These methods will be described below with reference to FIGs. 11 and 12.
[0134] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 1100 of communication implemented at a WAB node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 1100 may be performed at the WAB node 120 as shown in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 1100 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0135] At block 1110, the WAB node 120 may perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: transporting, via a first RAN node (e.g., RAN node 130) as a parent node of the WAB node, at least one of a first control plane signaling or first user plane data between a first node and a second node; transporting at least one of a second control plane signaling or second user plane data between the WAB node and the first RAN node. The first node is a terminal device or the WAB node, and the second node is a CN node of the first node or a second RAN node.
[0136] In some embodiments, the second node may be a first CN node of the first node, and the first CN node has a control plane function (e.g., AMF) . In these embodiments, the WAB node 120 may be caused to transport the first control plane signaling by at least one of the following: transporting the first control plane signaling via a NAS signaling between a mobile termination of the WAB node and a second CN node of the parent node; transporting the first control plane signaling in a container which is carried by a RRC signaling between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node; transporting the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node; or transporting the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and a third CN node of the mobile termination of the WAB node, the third CN node having a user plane function.
[0137] In some embodiments, the WAB node 120 may be caused to transport the first user plane data by: transporting the first user plane data by treating the first user plane data as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node.
[0138] In some embodiments, the second node may be the second RAN node. In these embodiments, the WAB node 120 may be caused to transport the first control plane signaling by at least one of the following: transporting the first control plane signaling in a container which is carried by a RRC signaling between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node; or transporting the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node.
[0139] In some embodiments, the WAB node 120 may be caused to transport the second control plane signaling by at least one of the following: transporting the second control plane signaling in a container which is carried by a RRC signaling between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node; or transporting the second control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node.
[0140] In some embodiments, the WAB node 120 may be caused to transport the second user plane data by: transporting the second user plane data by treating the second user plane data as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node.
[0141] In some embodiments, the WAB node 120 may be further caused to encapsulate the user plane data by at least one of the following: an adaptation protocol layer for WAB, a SDAP layer, a PDCP layer, or a RLC layer.
[0142] In some embodiments, the first control plane signaling may be a NAS signaling between the terminal device and a first CN node of the terminal device, and the first CN node has a control plane function (e.g., AMF) . In these embodiments, the WAB node 120 may be caused to transport the first control plane signaling by: transporting the NAS signaling via a first RRC message between the terminal device and the WAB node; and transporting the NAS signaling in a container of a second RRC message between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node.
[0143] In some embodiments, the first node may be the terminal device and the second node may be a third CN node of the terminal device. The third CN node has a user plane function, e.g., UPF. In these embodiments, the WAB node 120 may be caused to transport the first user plane data by: transporting the first user plane data via a user plane interface between the terminal device and the WAB node; and transporting the first user plane data via a user plane interface between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node.
[0144] In some embodiments, the first or second control plane signaling may comprise at least one of the following: a NGAP message, a XnAP message, or a NAS message.
[0145] With the method 1100, data or signaling transportation of a WAB node may be enabled.
[0146] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 1200 of communication implemented at a first RAN node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The first RAN node is a parent node of a WAB node. For example, the method 1200 may be performed at the RAN node 130 as shown in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 1200 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0147] At block 1210, a first RAN node (e.g., RAN node 130) may perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: forwarding at least one of a first control plane signaling or first user plane data between a first node and a second node; or transporting at least one of a second control plane signaling or second user plane data between a WAB node and the first RAN node. The first node is a terminal device or the WAB node, and the second node is a CN node (e.g., AMF or UPF) of the first node or a second RAN node (e.g., RAN node 131) .
[0148] In some embodiments, the second node may be a first CN node of the first node, and the first CN node has a control plane function (e.g., AMF) . In these embodiments, the first RAN node may be caused to forward the first control plane signaling by: forwarding the first control plane signaling via a NAS signaling between a mobile termination of the WAB node and a second CN node of the parent node; transporting the first control plane signaling in a container which is carried by a RRC signaling between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and transporting the first control plane signaling via a control plane interface between the parent node and the first or second CN node; transporting the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and transporting the first control plane signaling via the control plane interface between the parent node and the first or second CN node; transporting the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and a third CN node of the mobile termination of the WAB node, and transporting the first control plane signaling via a user plane interface between the parent node and a fourth CN node of the parent node, the third and fourth CN nodes having a user plane function; transporting the first control plane signaling in the container which is carried by the RRC signaling between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and transporting the first control plane signaling via the user plane interface between the parent node and the fourth CN node of the parent node; or transporting the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and forwarding the first control plane signaling between the parent node and the first CN node via an Internet protocol (IP) routing.
[0149] In some embodiments, the first RAN node may be caused to forward the first user plane data by: transporting the first user plane data by treating the first user plane data as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node; and transporting the first user plane data via a user plane interface between the parent node and a fourth CN node of the parent node, the fourth CN node having a user plane function.
[0150] In some embodiments where the second node is the second RAN node, the first RAN node may be caused to forward the first control plane signaling by at least one of the following: transporting the first control plane signaling in a container which is carried by a RRC signaling between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and transporting the first control plane signaling via a control plane interface between the parent node and the second RAN node; transporting the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and transporting the first control plane signaling via the control plane interface between the parent node and the second RAN node; transporting the first control plane signaling in the container which is carried by the RRC signaling between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and transporting the first control plane signaling via a user plane interface between the parent node and the second RAN node; or transporting the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and transporting the first control plane signaling via the user plane interface between the parent node and the second RAN node.
[0151] In some embodiments where the second node is the second RAN node, the first RAN node may be caused to forward the first user plane data by: transporting the first user plane data by treating the first user plane data as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and transporting the first user plane data via a user plane interface between the parent node and the second RAN node; or transporting the first user plane data by treating the first user plane data as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and forwarding the first user plane data via an IP routing between the parent node and the second RAN node.
[0152] In some embodiments, the first RAN node may be caused to transport the second control plane signaling by at least one of the following: transporting the second control plane signaling in a container which is carried by a RRC signaling between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node; or transporting the second control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node.
[0153] In some embodiments, the first RAN node may be caused to transport the second user plane data by: transporting the second user plane data by treating the second user plane data as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node.
[0154] In some embodiments, the first RAN node may be further caused to encapsulate the user plane data by at least one of the following: an adaptation protocol layer for WAB, a SDAP layer, a PDCP layer, or a RLC layer.
[0155] In some embodiments, the first control plane signaling is a NAS signaling between the terminal device and a first CN node of the terminal device, and the first CN node has a control plane function (e.g., AMF) . In these embodiments, the first RAN node may be caused to forward the first control plane signaling by: transporting the NAS signaling in a container of a second RRC message between a mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node; and transporting the NAS signaling via a control plane interface between the parent node and a second CN node of the parent node, the second CN node having a control plane function.
[0156] In some embodiments, the first node may be the terminal device and the second node may be a third CN node of the terminal device. The third CN node has a user plane function (e.g., UPF) . In these embodiments, the first RAN node may be caused to forward the first user plane data by: transporting the first user plane data via a user plane interface between a mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node; and transporting the first user plane data via a user plane interface between the parent node and a fourth CN node of the parent node, the fourth CN node having a user plane function (e.g., UPF) .
[0157] In some embodiments, the first or second control plane signaling may comprise at least one of the following: a NGAP message, a XnAP message, or a NAS message.
[0158] With the method 1200, data or signaling transportation of a parent node of a WAB node may be enabled.
[0159] It is to be understood that operations of the methods 1100 and 1200 correspond to the process described in connection with FIGs. 2 to 10C, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0160] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVICES
[0161] FIG. 13 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1300 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1300 can be considered as a further example implementation of the WAB node 120 or the WAB-MT 121 or the WAB-NT 122 or the RAN node 130 or 131 or the CN node 140 as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 1300 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the WAB node 120 or the WAB-MT 121 or the WAB-NT 122 or the RAN node 130 or 131 or the CN node 140.
[0162] As shown, the device 1300 includes a processor 1310, a memory 1320 coupled to the processor 1310, a suitable transceiver 1340 coupled to the processor 1310, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1340. The memory 1310 stores at least a part of a program 1330. The transceiver 1340 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1340 may include at least one of a transmitter 1342 or a receiver 1344. The transmitter 1342 and the receiver 1344 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1340 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a mobility management entity (MME) / access and mobility management function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0163] The program 1330 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1310, enable the device 1300 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGs. 1 to 12. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1310 of the device 1300, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1310 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1310 and memory 1320 may form processing means 1350 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0164] The memory 1320 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1320 is shown in the device 1300, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1300. The processor 1310 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1300 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0165] In some embodiments, a WAB node comprises a circuitry configured to at least one of the following: transport, via a first RAN node as a parent node of the WAB node, at least one of a first control plane signaling or first user plane data between a first node and a second node, wherein the first node is a terminal device or the WAB node, and the second node is a CN node of the first node or a second RAN node; or transport at least one of a second control plane signaling or second user plane data between the WAB node and the first RAN node.
[0166] In some embodiments, a first RAN node comprises a circuitry configured to at least one of the following: forward at least one of a first control plane signaling or first user plane data between a first node and a second node, wherein the first node is a terminal device or a WAB node, and the second node is a CN node of the first node or a second RAN node; or transport at least one of a second control plane signaling or second user plane data between the WAB node and the first RAN node, the first RAN node being a parent node of the WAB node.
[0167] The term ‘circuitry’ used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0168] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0169] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGs. 1 to 12. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0170] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0171] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0172] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0173] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A wireless access backhaul (WAB) node, comprising:a processor configured to cause the WAB node to at least one of the following:transport, via a first radio access network (RAN) node as a parent node of the WAB node, at least one of a first control plane signaling or first user plane data between a first node and a second node, wherein the first node is a terminal device or the WAB node, and the second node is a core network (CN) node of the first node or a second RAN node; ortransport at least one of a second control plane signaling or second user plane data between the WAB node and the first RAN node.2.The WAB node of claim 1, wherein the second node is a first CN node of the first node, the first CN node having a control plane function, and wherein the WAB node is caused to transport the first control plane signaling by at least one of the following:transporting the first control plane signaling via a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling between a mobile termination of the WAB node and a second CN node of the parent node;transporting the first control plane signaling in a container which is carried by a radio resource control (RRC) signaling between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node;transporting the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node; ortransporting the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and a third CN node of the mobile termination of the WAB node, the third CN node having a user plane function.3.The WAB node of claim 1, wherein the WAB node is caused to transport the first user plane data by:transporting the first user plane data by treating the first user plane data as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node.4.The WAB node of claim 1, wherein the second node is the second RAN node, and wherein the WAB node is caused to transport the first control plane signaling by at least one of the following:transporting the first control plane signaling in a container which is carried by a radio resource control (RRC) signaling between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node; ortransporting the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node.5.The WAB node of claim 1, wherein the WAB node is caused to transport the second control plane signaling by at least one of the following:transporting the second control plane signaling in a container which is carried by a radio resource control (RRC) signaling between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node; ortransporting the second control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node.6.The WAB node of claim 1, wherein the WAB node is caused to transport the second user plane data by:transporting the second user plane data by treating the second user plane data as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node.7.The WAB node of any of claims 2 to 6, wherein the WAB node is further caused to:encapsulate the user plane data by at least one of the following:an adaptation protocol layer for WAB,a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer,a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, ora radio link control (RLC) layer.8.The WAB node of claim 1, wherein the first control plane signaling is a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling between the terminal device and a first CN node of the terminal device, the first CN node having a control plane function, and wherein the WAB node is caused to transport the first control plane signaling by:transporting the NAS signaling via a first radio resource control (RRC) message between the terminal device and the WAB node; andtransporting the NAS signaling in a container of a second RRC message between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node.9.The WAB node of claim 1, wherein the first node is the terminal device and the second node is a third CN node of the terminal device, the third CN node having a user plane function, and wherein the WAB node is caused to transport the first user plane data by:transporting the first user plane data via a user plane interface between the terminal device and the WAB node; andtransporting the first user plane data via a user plane interface between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node.10.The WAB node of claim 1, wherein the first or second control plane signaling comprises at least one of the following:a next generation application protocol (NGAP) message,a Xn application protocol (XnAP) message, ora non-access stratum (NAS) message.11.A first radio access network (RAN) node, comprising:a processor configured to cause the first RAN node to at least one of the following:forward at least one of a first control plane signaling or first user plane data between a first node and a second node, wherein the first node is a terminal device or a wireless access backhaul (WAB) node, and the second node is a core network (CN) node of the first node or a second RAN node; ortransport at least one of a second control plane signaling or second user plane data between the WAB node and the first RAN node, the first RAN node being a parent node of the WAB node.12.The first RAN node of claim 11, wherein the second node is a first CN node of the first node, the first CN node having a control plane function, and wherein the first RAN node is caused to forward the first control plane signaling by:forwarding the first control plane signaling via a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling between a mobile termination of the WAB node and a second CN node of the parent node;transporting the first control plane signaling in a container which is carried by a radio resource control (RRC) signaling between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and transporting the first control plane signaling via a control plane interface between the parent node and the first or second CN node;transporting the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and transporting the first control plane signaling via the control plane interface between the parent node and the first or second CN node;transporting the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and a third CN node of the mobile termination of the WAB node, and transporting the first control plane signaling via a user plane interface between the parent node and a fourth CN node of the parent node, the third and fourth CN nodes having a user plane function;transporting the first control plane signaling in the container which is carried by the RRC signaling between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and transporting the first control plane signaling via the user plane interface between the parent node and the fourth CN node of the parent node; ortransporting the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and forwarding the first control plane signaling between the parent node and the first CN node via an Internet protocol (IP) routing.13.The first RAN node of claim 11, wherein the first RAN node is caused to forward the first user plane data by:transporting the first user plane data by treating the first user plane data as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node; andtransporting the first user plane data via a user plane interface between the parent node and a fourth CN node of the parent node, the fourth CN node having a user plane function.14.The first RAN node of claim 11, wherein the second node is the second RAN node, and wherein the first RAN node is caused to forward the first control plane signaling by at least one of the following:transporting the first control plane signaling in a container which is carried by a radio resource control (RRC) signaling between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and transporting the first control plane signaling via a control plane interface between the parent node and the second RAN node;transporting the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and transporting the first control plane signaling via the control plane interface between the parent node and the second RAN node;transporting the first control plane signaling in the container which is carried by the RRC signaling between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and transporting the first control plane signaling via a user plane interface between the parent node and the second RAN node; ortransporting the first control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and transporting the first control plane signaling via the user plane interface between the parent node and the second RAN node.15.The first RAN node of claim 11, wherein the second node is the second RAN node, and wherein the first RAN node is caused to forward the first user plane data by:transporting the first user plane data by treating the first user plane data as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and transporting the first user plane data via a user plane interface between the parent node and the second RAN node; ortransporting the first user plane data by treating the first user plane data as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node, and forwarding the first user plane data via an Internet protocol (IP) routing between the parent node and the second RAN node.16.The first RAN node of claim 11, wherein the first RAN node is caused to transport the second control plane signaling by at least one of the following:transporting the second control plane signaling in a container which is carried by a radio resource control (RRC) signaling between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node; ortransporting the second control plane signaling by treating the first control plane signaling as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node.17.The first RAN node of claim 11, wherein the first RAN node is caused to transport the second user plane data by:transporting the second user plane data by treating the second user plane data as user plane data between the mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node.18.The first RAN node of any of claims 12 to 17, wherein the first RAN node is further caused to:encapsulate the user plane data by at least one of the following:an adaptation protocol layer for WAB,a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer,a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, ora radio link control (RLC) layer.19.The first RAN node of claim 11, wherein the first control plane signaling is a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling between the terminal device and a first CN node of the terminal device, the first CN node having a control plane function, and wherein the first RAN node is caused to forward the first control plane signaling by:transporting the NAS signaling in a container of a second RRC message between a mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node; andtransporting the NAS signaling via a control plane interface between the parent node and a second CN node of the parent node, the second CN node having a control plane function.20.The first RAN node of claim 11, wherein the first node is the terminal device and the second node is a third CN node of the terminal device, the third CN node having a user plane function, and wherein the first RAN node is caused to forward the first user plane data by:transporting the first user plane data via a user plane interface between a mobile termination of the WAB node and the parent node; andtransporting the first user plane data via a user plane interface between the parent node and a fourth CN node of the parent node, the fourth CN node having a user plane function.21.The first RAN node of claim 11, wherein the first or second control plane signaling comprises at least one of the following:a next generation application protocol (NGAP) message,a Xn application protocol (XnAP) message, ora non-access stratum (NAS) message.22.A method of communication, comprising at least one of the following:transporting, at a wireless access backhaul (WAB) node via a first radio access network (RAN) node as a parent node of the WAB node, at least one of a first control plane signaling or first user plane data between a first node and a second node, wherein the first node is a terminal device or the WAB node, and the second node is a core network (CN) node of the first node or a second RAN node; ortransporting at least one of a second control plane signaling or second user plane data between the WAB node and the first RAN node.23.A method of communication, comprising at least one of the following:forwarding, at a first radio access network (RAN) node, at least one of a first control plane signaling or first user plane data between a first node and a second node, wherein the first node is a terminal device or a wireless access backhaul (WAB) node, and the second node is a core network (CN) node of the first node or a second RAN node; ortransporting at least one of a second control plane signaling or second user plane data between the WAB node and the first RAN node, the first RAN node being a parent node of the WAB node.
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