Display panel and driving method, and display apparatus

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are a display panel and a driving method, and a display apparatus. The display panel comprises a dimming box and a display liquid crystal cell, the dimming box comprising a first substrate, a second substrate and a first liquid crystal layer, wherein the first substrate is provided with a first viewing-angle control electrode and a refractive layer, and the second substrate is provided with a second viewing-angle control electrode and a third viewing-angle control electrode which cooperate with the first viewing-angle control electrode. When in a narrow viewing-angle mode, the refractive index of the entire first liquid crystal layer is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer. When in a wide viewing-angle mode, corresponding viewing-angle control voltages are applied to the first viewing-angle control electrode, the second viewing-angle control electrode and the third viewing-angle control electrode, such that liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in a disordered and scattered state, and scatter light rays in cooperation with the refractive layer, and a wide viewing-angle effect of a wider viewing-angle range can also be achieved even when using a single dimming box. Moreover, the dimming box is used without the need to cooperate with a polarizer, such that the thickness of a module and the number of polarizers are reduced, thereby increasing light transmittance.

Description

Display panel, driving method and display device TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of display, in particular to a display panel, a driving method and a display device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous progress of liquid crystal display technology, the visual angle of display has been widened from the original 120° or so to more than 160°. People enjoy the visual experience brought by large viewing angle, and also hope to effectively protect commercial secrets and personal privacy to avoid business losses or embarrassment caused by screen information leakage. Therefore, in addition to the demand for wide viewing angle, the display device also needs to have the function of switching between wide and narrow viewing angles in many occasions.

[0003] As shown in FIG. 1, the prior art uses a light control box 10 and a display liquid crystal box 20 to realize the switching between wide viewing angle and narrow viewing angle in a double box structure, wherein the display liquid crystal box 20 is used for normal picture display, and the light control box 10 is used for controlling the viewing angle switching. The light control box 10 comprises a first substrate 11, a second substrate 12 and a first liquid crystal layer 13 between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. A first polaroid 31 is arranged between the light control box 10 and the display liquid crystal box 20, a second polaroid 32 is arranged on the side of the display liquid crystal box 20 away from the light control box 10, a third polaroid 33 is arranged on the side of the light control box 10 away from the display liquid crystal box 20, the transmission axes of the first polaroid 31 and the second polaroid 32 are perpendicular to each other, the transmission axes of the first polaroid 31 and the third polaroid 33 are parallel to each other, and the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is parallel to the transmission axes of the first polaroid 31 and the third polaroid 33. The first viewing angle control electrode 111 is arranged on the first substrate 11, and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 is arranged on the second substrate 12. There is no pressure difference between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121, and when the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 remain in the initial flat state, the display panel presents a wide viewing angle mode; of course, a large pressure difference (for example, 5V) can be applied between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121, so that the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are deflected to a vertical state, and the display panel presents another wide viewing angle mode. As shown in FIG. 1, a suitable pressure difference (for example, 2V) is applied between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121, so that the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are deflected to an inclined straight state, and the display panel realizes a narrow viewing angle mode of large viewing angle light collection. Thus, the switching between wide viewing angle and narrow viewing angle is realized by the voltage on the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121. However, the light collection effect of the light control box 10 is poor, and a light collecting type backlight module 40 is usually needed, which is usually composed of a light source 41, a brightness enhancement film 42 and a privacy film 43, has high cost, and also causes poor wide viewing angle effect of the display panel.

[0004] In order to solve the poor light collection effect of the single light box and avoid affecting the wide viewing angle effect, as shown in FIG. 2, another prior art adopts two light boxes 10, so that the ordinary astigmatism type backlight module 40 can also achieve good narrow viewing angle effect, and will not affect the wide viewing angle effect. Specifically, two light boxes 20 and a fourth polarizing plate 34 are added on the basis of the display liquid crystal box 20, the transmission axes of the first polarizing plate 31, the third polarizing plate 33 and the fourth polarizing plate 34 are parallel to each other. The alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer 13 in the two light boxes 20 is parallel to each other, and the transmission axes of the transmission axes of the first polarizing plate 31, the third polarizing plate 33 and the fourth polarizing plate 34 are parallel to each other. The narrow viewing angle effect of the display panel is superimposed by the narrow viewing angle effect of the two light boxes 10, so that the light collection effect is good at narrow viewing angle. Among them, the left and right direction 45 polar angle ° / central brightness of a single light box is 9.85%, and the left and right direction 45 polar angle ° / central brightness of two light boxes after superposition is 0.97%, the light collection effect is good at narrow viewing angle. Table 1 below is a comparison of the wide viewing angle and narrow viewing angle effects of single light box and double light box. As can be seen from Table 1, the narrow viewing angle effect of double light box is equivalent to that of single light box, but it does not need to use the light collecting type backlight module 40; however, the wide viewing angle effect of double light box is better than that of single light box. Technical problem

[0005] The display panel using double light boxes is a three-box structure, and the assembly requirement is high, and the module thickness is large; and four polarizing plates are needed, the number of polarizing plates is large, and the light transmittance is poor. Therefore, using double light boxes is not the best choice. Technical solution

[0006] In order to overcome the defects and deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a display panel and a driving method, and a display device, so as to solve the problem of improving the wide viewing angle effect without increasing the module thickness and the number of polarizing plates in the prior art.

[0007] The purpose of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present application provides a display panel, comprising a light box and a display liquid crystal box arranged in layers, a first polarizing plate is provided between the light box and the display liquid crystal box, a second polarizing plate is provided on the side of the display liquid crystal box away from the light box, and the transmission axes of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate are perpendicular to each other.

[0009] The light adjusting box comprises a first substrate, a second substrate arranged opposite to the first substrate, and a first liquid crystal layer arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first substrate is provided with a first view angle control electrode and a refractive layer on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer, the second substrate is provided with a second view angle control electrode and a third view angle control electrode on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer, the second view angle control electrode comprises a plurality of first electrode strips, the third view angle control electrode comprises a plurality of second electrode strips, projections of the first electrode strips and the second electrode strips on the second substrate are parallel to each other and arranged alternately.

[0010] In the narrow view angle mode, the refractive index of the whole first liquid crystal layer is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer; in the wide view angle mode, the first view angle control electrode and the second view angle control electrode have a first pressure difference, the first view angle control electrode and the third view angle control electrode have a second pressure difference, and the second view angle control electrode and the third view angle control electrode have a third pressure difference, the first pressure difference and the second pressure difference are greater than a first preset value, and the third pressure difference is greater than or equal to a second preset value, so that the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in a disordered and scattered state and scatter light together with the refractive layer.

[0011] Further, the first substrate is provided with a first alignment layer on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer, a first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 0 and 90 degrees, and a projection of a first alignment direction of the first alignment layer on the second substrate and the first electrode strips form a first included angle between 0 and 20 degrees.

[0012] The second substrate is provided with a second alignment layer on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer, a second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 0 and 90 degrees, and a projection of a second alignment direction of the second alignment layer on the second substrate and the first electrode strips form a second included angle between 0 and 20 degrees.

[0013] Further, the projection of the first alignment direction of the first alignment layer on the second substrate and the projection of the second alignment direction of the second alignment layer on the second substrate are parallel to each other.

[0014] Further, the projection of the first alignment direction of the first alignment layer on the second substrate and the projection of the second alignment direction of the second alignment layer on the second substrate form an included angle.

[0015] Further, the first liquid crystal layer adopts positive liquid crystal molecules, the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 0 and 7 degrees, and the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 0 and 7 degrees.

[0016] Further, the first liquid crystal layer adopts positive liquid crystal molecules, the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 83° and 90°, and the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 83° and 90°.

[0017] Further, the first liquid crystal layer adopts positive liquid crystal molecules or negative liquid crystal molecules, the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 83° and 90°, and the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 0 and 7°.

[0018] Further, the refractive layer is a planar structure on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer; the refractive layer has a plurality of convex structures on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer.

[0019] The application also provides a driving method of the display panel, for driving the display panel as described above, the driving method comprising:

[0020] applying a first voltage signal to the first view angle control electrode, applying a second voltage signal to the second view angle control electrode, and applying a third voltage signal to the third view angle control electrode;

[0021] In the narrow view angle mode, the refractive index of the entire first liquid crystal layer is controlled to be equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer; in the wide view angle mode, the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal have a first pressure difference, the first voltage signal and the third voltage signal have a second pressure difference, and the second voltage signal and the third voltage signal have a third pressure difference, at least one of the first pressure difference and the second pressure difference is greater than a first preset value, and the third pressure difference is greater than or equal to a second preset value, so that the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in a disordered and scattered state and jointly scatter light with the refractive layer.

[0022] Further, the first liquid crystal layer adopts positive liquid crystal molecules, the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 0 and 7°, the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 0 and 7°, and the refractive index of the refractive layer is equal to the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer in this state;

[0023] The driving method comprises: in the narrow view angle mode, the first voltage signal, the second voltage signal, and the third voltage signal are all direct current common voltage signals, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer maintain an initial posture and are equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer; in the wide view angle mode, one of the first pressure difference and the second pressure difference is greater than a first preset value, and the other is less than a fourth preset value.

[0024] Further, the first liquid crystal layer adopts positive liquid crystal molecules, the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 83° and 90°, the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 0° and 7°, and the refractive index of the refractive layer is equal to the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer in the standing posture;

[0025] The driving method comprises: in the narrow viewing angle mode, the first voltage signal, the second voltage signal and the third voltage signal are all direct current common voltage signals, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer remain in the initial posture and are equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer; in the wide viewing angle mode, the first pressure difference and the second pressure difference are both greater than the first preset value.

[0026] Further, the first liquid crystal layer adopts positive liquid crystal molecules, the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 83° and 90°, the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 0° and 7°, and the refractive index of the refractive layer is equal to the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer in the standing posture;

[0027] The driving method comprises: in the narrow viewing angle mode, the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal and the first voltage signal and the third voltage signal both have a fourth pressure difference, the fourth pressure difference is greater than or equal to a third preset value, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in the standing posture; in the wide viewing angle mode, the first pressure difference and the second pressure difference are both greater than the first preset value.

[0028] Further, the first liquid crystal layer adopts negative liquid crystal molecules, the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 83° and 90°, the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 0° and 7°, and the refractive index of the refractive layer is equal to the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer in the lying posture;

[0029] The driving method comprises: in the narrow viewing angle mode, the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal and the first voltage signal and the third voltage signal both have a fourth pressure difference, the fourth pressure difference is greater than or equal to a third preset value, so that the negative liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in the lying posture; in the wide viewing angle mode, the first pressure difference and the second pressure difference are both greater than the first preset value.

[0030] Further, in the wide viewing angle mode, the first voltage signal is a direct current common voltage signal, the second voltage signal is a first alternating current voltage signal fluctuating up and down with the direct current common voltage signal as the center, and the third voltage signal is a second alternating current voltage signal fluctuating up and down with the direct current common voltage signal as the center, and the first alternating current voltage signal and the second alternating current voltage signal have the same period;

[0031] The polarities of the first alternating voltage signal and the second alternating voltage signal are opposite at the same time; or, the phases of the first alternating voltage signal and the second alternating voltage signal are staggered by 10% to 25% of a period.

[0032] The application also provides a display device comprising the display panel. Advantages

[0033] In the narrow viewing angle mode, the refractive index of the whole first liquid crystal layer is controlled to be equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer, so that the light does not refract when entering the refractive layer from the first liquid crystal layer, and the viewing angle range is small; in the wide viewing angle mode, corresponding viewing angle control voltages are applied to the first viewing angle control electrode, the second viewing angle control electrode and the third viewing angle control electrode, so that the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in a disordered and scattered state, at this time, the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules with different tilt angles is different, thereby forming different refractive index differences with the refractive layer, and scattering the light together with the refractive layer to realize a large viewing angle range, so that the wide viewing angle effect of a wide viewing angle range can be realized in the case of using a single light modulation box; moreover, the light modulation box does not need to be used in cooperation with the polarizer, thereby greatly reducing the module thickness and the number of polarizers to increase the light transmittance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a display device in a narrow viewing angle mode in the first prior art.

[0035] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a display device in a wide viewing angle mode in the second prior art.

[0036] FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a display device in a narrow viewing angle mode in the first embodiment of the application.

[0037] FIG. 4 is a planar structural schematic diagram of the second viewing angle control electrode and the third viewing angle control electrode in the first embodiment of the application.

[0038] FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of a viewing angle control signal in a narrow viewing angle mode of the display device in the first embodiment of the application.

[0039] FIG. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a display device in a wide viewing angle mode in the first embodiment of the application.

[0040] FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram of a viewing angle control signal in a wide viewing angle mode of the display device in the first embodiment of the application.

[0041] FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram of a viewing angle control signal in a wide viewing angle mode of the display device in the first embodiment of the application.

[0042] FIG. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a display device in a narrow viewing angle mode in the second embodiment of the application.

[0043] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the first alignment direction and the second alignment direction in the second embodiment of the present application.

[0044] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display device in the initial state in the third embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display device in the narrow viewing angle in the third embodiment of the present application.

[0046] Figure 13 is a waveform diagram of the viewing angle control signal in the narrow viewing angle in the third embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display device in the narrow viewing angle in the fourth embodiment of the present application.

[0048] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display device in the initial state in the fifth embodiment of the present application.

[0049] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display device in the narrow viewing angle in the fifth embodiment of the present application.

[0050] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display device in the wide viewing angle in the fifth embodiment of the present application.

[0051] Figure 18 is another waveform diagram of the viewing angle control signal in the wide viewing angle in the fifth embodiment of the present application.

[0052] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display device in the narrow viewing angle in the sixth embodiment of the present application.

[0053] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display device in the initial state in the seventh embodiment of the present application.

[0054] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the display device in the present application.

[0055] Figure 22 is another schematic diagram of the planar structure of the display device in the present application. Embodiments of the present application

[0056] To further clarify the technical means and effects taken by the present application to achieve the predetermined object, the specific embodiments, structure, features and effects of the display panel and driving method, display device according to the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and preferred embodiments:

[0057] [Embodiment 1]

[0058] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display device in the narrow viewing angle in the first embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the second viewing angle control electrode and the third viewing angle control electrode in the first embodiment of the present application.

[0059] As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, the display panel provided by the first embodiment of the present application comprises a light control box 10 and a display liquid crystal box 20 which are arranged in a stack. In this embodiment, the number of the light control box 10 and the display liquid crystal box 20 is one. The light control box 10 is arranged below the display liquid crystal box 20, i.e. the light control box 10 is arranged between the display liquid crystal box 20 and the backlight module 40. The light control box 10 is used to control the viewing angle of the display device, and the display liquid crystal box 20 is used to control the display of normal pictures of the display device. Of course, the light control box 10 can also be arranged above the display liquid crystal box 20, i.e. the light control box 10 is arranged on the light exit side of the display liquid crystal box 20.

[0060] In this embodiment, a first polaroid 31 is arranged between the light control box 10 and the display liquid crystal box 20, and a second polaroid 32 is arranged on the side of the display liquid crystal box 20 which is away from the light control box 10. The light transmission axis of the first polaroid 31 is perpendicular to the light transmission axis of the second polaroid 32. No polaroid or other polarizing film is arranged on the side of the light control box 10 which is away from the display liquid crystal box 20.

[0061] The light control box 10 comprises a first substrate 11, a second substrate 12 which is arranged opposite to the first substrate 11, and a first liquid crystal layer 13 which is arranged between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. The first substrate 11 is provided with a first viewing angle control electrode 111 and a refractive layer 112 on the side which faces the first liquid crystal layer 13. The second substrate 12 is provided with a second viewing angle control electrode 121 and a third viewing angle control electrode 122 on the side which faces the first liquid crystal layer 13. The second viewing angle control electrode 121 comprises a plurality of first electrode strips 121a, and the third viewing angle control electrode 122 comprises a plurality of second electrode strips 122a. The projections of the first electrode strips 121a and the second electrode strips 122a on the second substrate 12 are parallel to each other and arranged alternately. In this embodiment, the first viewing angle control electrode 111 is a planar electrode which covers the first substrate 11 entirely, and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122 are comb-shaped electrodes which cover the second substrate 12 entirely, i.e. the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122 cover the second substrate 12 without interruption.

[0062] In the embodiment, the first liquid crystal layer 13 is positive liquid crystal molecules, i.e. liquid crystal molecules with positive dielectric anisotropy, wherein the positive liquid crystal molecules have Δn = ne-no, Δn > 0, and the greater the Δn, the more conducive to astigmatism in wide viewing angle, preferably Δn = 0.25; the positive liquid crystal molecules have a retardation > 300 nm, and in the initial state, the first liquid crystal layer 13 is in a standing posture, for example, the initial pre-tilt angle of the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 is between 83° and 90°. In the narrow viewing angle mode, the entire first liquid crystal layer 13 is in a standing posture and has a refractive index equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, and when the light enters the refractive layer 112 from the first liquid crystal layer 13, no refraction occurs, and the viewing angle range is small. In the wide viewing angle mode, the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 have a first pressure difference, the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122 have a second pressure difference, and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122 have a third pressure difference, the first pressure difference and the second pressure difference are greater than a first preset value, and the third pressure difference is greater than or equal to a second preset value, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a disordered and scattered state (for example, the long axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules in the front, left and right of the first electrode strip 121a are different, and the long axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules in the front, left and right of the second electrode strip 122a are different), at this time, the refractive index of the positive liquid crystal molecules with different tilt angles is different, thereby forming different refractive index differences with the refractive layer 112, and scattering the light together with the refractive layer 112, thereby realizing a large viewing angle range. Of course, in other embodiments, in the initial state, the first liquid crystal layer 13 is in a lying posture (for example, the alignment pre-tilt angle is between 0 and 7°), i.e. the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are aligned parallel to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, and the alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules close to the first substrate 11 is anti-parallel to the alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules close to the second substrate 12, and only in the wide viewing angle mode, a large pressure difference is required between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are deflected towards the vertical direction.

[0063] Further, the first substrate 11 is provided with a first alignment layer on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the first alignment layer has a first alignment pre-tilt angle between 0 and 90°, and the projection of the first alignment direction of the first alignment layer on the second substrate 12 has a first included angle with the first electrode strip 121a between 0 and 20°; the second substrate 12 is provided with a second alignment layer on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the second alignment layer has a second alignment pre-tilt angle between 0 and 90°, and the projection of the second alignment direction of the second alignment layer on the second substrate 12 has a second included angle with the first electrode strip 121a between 0 and 20°. In this embodiment, the positive liquid crystal molecules can have a large pre-tilt angle when initially aligned, i.e., the positive liquid crystal molecules initially form a large included angle with the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 83° and 90°, for example, the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is 85°; the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 83° and 90°, for example, the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is 85°. The first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is the same as the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer. Referring to FIG. 6, when switched to a wide viewing angle, only a small pressure difference is required between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122, i.e., only a small vertical electric field is required, which avoids the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 from being completely in a horizontal state, and can reduce the driving voltage. At the same time, the included angle between the alignment direction (the first alignment direction, the second alignment direction) and the first electrode strip 121a is between 0 and 20°, so as to limit the horizontal deflection direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules, so as to ensure the wide viewing angle effect.

[0064] In this embodiment, the projection of the first alignment direction of the first alignment layer on the second substrate 12 is parallel to the projection of the second alignment direction of the second alignment layer on the second substrate 12, i.e., in the initial state, the long axes of the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are all in the same plane.

[0065] In the embodiment, the second view angle control electrode 121 and the third view angle control electrode 122 are located in different layers and are spaced apart by an insulating layer, so as to avoid the problem of short circuit of the second view angle control electrode 121 and the third view angle control electrode 122, and meanwhile, the gap between the first electrode strip 121a and the second electrode strip 122a can be reduced. As shown in FIG. 4, the second view angle control electrode 121 further includes a first conducting wire 121b electrically connecting the plurality of first electrode strips 121a, and the third view angle control electrode 122 further includes a second conducting wire 122b electrically connecting the plurality of second electrode strips 122a, and the number of the first conducting wire 121b and the second conducting wire 122b is plural, so as to reduce the resistance of the second view angle control electrode 121 and the third view angle control electrode 122. The extension direction of the first conducting wire 121b is perpendicular to the extension direction of the first electrode strip 121a, and the extension direction of the second conducting wire 122b is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second electrode strip 122a. Of course, in other embodiments, the second view angle control electrode 121 and the third view angle control electrode 122 can also be located in the same layer and be insulated and spaced apart, and in this case, the first conducting wire 121b and the second conducting wire 122b need to be arranged in the non-display area of the display panel.

[0066] Further, the width d1 of the first conducting wire 121b is 3-4 μm, the width d2 of the second conducting wire 122b is 3-4 μm, and the interval h1 between the first conducting wire 121b and the second conducting wire 122b is 15-25 μm. Preferably, the width d1 of the first conducting wire 121b is 3.5 μm, the width d2 of the second conducting wire 122b is 3.5 μm, and the interval h1 between the first conducting wire 121b and the second conducting wire 122b is 23 μm.

[0067] Further, the width d3 of the first electrode strip 121a is 3-4 μm, the interval between the adjacent two first electrode strips 121a is 5-6 μm, the width d4 of the second electrode strip 122a is 3-4 μm, and the interval between the adjacent two second electrode strips 122a is 5-6 μm. Preferably, the width d3 of the first electrode strip 121a is 3.5 μm, the interval between the adjacent two first electrode strips 121a is 5.5 μm, the width d4 of the second electrode strip 122a is 3.5 μm, and the interval between the adjacent two second electrode strips 122a is 5.5 μm. That is, the width of the first conducting wire 121b is the same as the width of the first electrode strip 121a, the width of the second conducting wire 122b is the same as the width of the second electrode strip 122a, and the width of the first electrode strip 121a is the same as the width of the second electrode strip 122a.

[0068] Further, the projections of the first electrode strips 121a on the plane where the second substrate 12 is located are arranged alternately with the projections of the second electrode strips 122a on the plane where the second substrate 12 is located. Specifically, the interval h2 between the projections of the first electrode strips 121a and the second electrode strips 122a on the plane where the second substrate 12 is located is 1-2 μm. Preferably, the interval h2 between the projections of the first electrode strips 121a and the second electrode strips 122a on the plane where the second substrate 12 is located is 1 μm.

[0069] In the embodiment, the refraction layer 112 is flat on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, so that the manufacturing process complexity can be reduced. The refraction layer 112 can be arranged on the side of the first view angle control electrode 111 facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, or between the first view angle control electrode 111 and the first substrate 11. Although the refraction layer 112 is flat on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, since not all the backlight is perpendicular to the surface of the refraction layer 112, when the view angle is wide, part of the backlight will be refracted when entering the refraction layer 112 from the first liquid crystal layer 13, so as to play a role of diffusing light. The refraction layer 112 can be made of resin, photoresist, OC or other materials, and the refractive index is between 1.4 and 1.8. The refractive index of the refraction layer 112 can be equal to the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13 in the initial state, i.e. the refractive index of the refraction layer 112 is equal to the refractive index of the positive liquid crystal molecules in the standing posture in the first liquid crystal layer 13, so that the light adjustment box 10 is in the narrow view angle mode in the initial state.

[0070] The display liquid crystal box 20 comprises a color filter substrate 21, an array substrate 22 arranged opposite to the color filter substrate 21, and a second liquid crystal layer 23 between the color filter substrate 21 and the array substrate 22. Preferably, the positive liquid crystal molecules, i.e. the liquid crystal molecules with positive dielectric anisotropy, are used in the second liquid crystal layer 23. In the initial state, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer 23 are aligned parallel to the color filter substrate 21 and the array substrate 22, and the alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules close to the color filter substrate 21 is parallel or anti-parallel to the alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules close to the array substrate 22. In other embodiments, the array substrate 22 and the first substrate 11 can share one substrate, so as to reduce the cell gap of the display panel.

[0071] The color filter substrate 21 is provided with color resistance layers 212 arranged in an array and black matrices 211 spacing the color resistance layers 212. The color resistance layers 212 comprise color resistance materials of red (R), green (G) and blue (B), and correspondingly form sub-pixels of red (R), green (G) and blue (B).

[0072] The array substrate 22 is defined by a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of data lines crossing each other to form a plurality of pixel units on the side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23, each pixel unit is provided with a pixel electrode 222 and a thin film transistor, the pixel electrode 222 is electrically connected with the data line adjacent to the thin film transistor through the thin film transistor. The thin film transistor includes a gate, an active layer, a drain and a source, the gate is in the same layer as the scan line and is electrically connected, the gate is insulated from the active layer by an insulating layer, the source is electrically connected with the data line, and the drain is electrically connected with the pixel electrode 222 through a contact hole.

[0073] As shown in FIG. 3, in the embodiment, the array substrate 22 is further provided with a common electrode 221 on the side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23, the common electrode 221 and the pixel electrode 222 are in different layers and are insulated by an insulating layer. The common electrode 221 can be above or below the pixel electrode 222 (as shown in FIG. 3, the common electrode 221 is below the pixel electrode 222). Preferably, the common electrode 221 is a planar electrode provided on the whole surface, and the pixel electrode 222 is a block electrode provided in each pixel unit in a whole block or a slit electrode with a plurality of electrode strips to form a fringe field switching (FFS) mode. Of course, in other embodiments, the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221 can be in the same layer, but they are insulated from each other, and the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221 each can include a plurality of electrode strips, the electrode strips of the pixel electrode 222 and the electrode strips of the common electrode 221 are alternately arranged to form an in-plane switching (IPS) mode; or in other embodiments, the array substrate 22 is provided with the pixel electrode 222 on the side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23, and the color filter substrate 21 is provided with the common electrode 221 on the side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23 to form a TN mode or a VA mode. For other introductions of the TN mode and the VA mode, please refer to the prior art, which will not be described here.

[0074] The first substrate 11, the second substrate 12, the color filter substrate 21 and the array substrate 22 can be made of glass, acrylic and polycarbonate and the like. The materials of the first view angle control electrode 111, the second view angle control electrode 121 and the third view angle control electrode 122, the common electrode 221 and the pixel electrode 222 can be indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO) and the like.

[0075] Further, the light box 10 is provided with a backlight module 40 away from the display liquid crystal box 20, preferably, the backlight module 40 adopts a collimated backlight (CBL) mode, which can collect light and ensure the display effect.

[0076] The backlight module 40 comprises a backlight source 41 and a peep-proof layer 43 for reducing the range of light emitting angle. A brightness enhancement film 42 is arranged between the backlight source 41 and the peep-proof layer 43, which increases the brightness of the backlight module 40. The peep-proof layer 43 is equivalent to a micro-louver structure, which can block the light with large incident angle and allow the light with small incident angle to pass through, so that the angle range of the light passing through the peep-proof layer 43 is reduced. The peep-proof layer 43 comprises a plurality of light-blocking walls arranged in parallel and a light-transmitting hole between two adjacent light-blocking walls, and the two sides of the light-blocking wall are provided with light-absorbing materials. The light collection angle of the peep-proof layer 43 is 60°, 100°, etc. The smaller the light collection angle, the better the narrow viewing angle effect. The backlight module 41 can be a side-in backlight module or a collimated backlight module.

[0077] The embodiment also provides a driving method of the display panel, which is used for driving the display panel as described above. The driving method comprises: applying a first voltage signal V1 to the first viewing angle control electrode 111, applying a second voltage signal V2 to the second viewing angle control electrode 121, and applying a third voltage signal V3 to the third viewing angle control electrode 122. By applying corresponding viewing angle control voltages to the first viewing angle control electrode 111, the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in a disordered and scattered state, and are matched with the refractive layer 112, so that the light can be scattered, and the wide viewing angle effect is realized; or the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a standing posture, so that the refractive index of the whole first liquid crystal layer 13 is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, and the light emitting angle is basically not changed, so as to realize the narrow viewing angle effect.

[0078] FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of the viewing angle control signal of the display device in the narrow viewing angle mode according to the embodiment one of the present application. As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, in the narrow viewing angle mode, the first voltage signal V1, the second voltage signal V2 and the third voltage signal V3 are all direct current common voltage signals, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 maintain the initial posture, i.e. the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in the initial standing posture, so that the refractive index of the whole first liquid crystal layer 13 is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, and the light emitting angle is basically not changed after the light from the first liquid crystal layer 13 enters the refractive layer 112, so as to realize the narrow viewing angle effect. The light emitted by the backlight source 41 is collected by the peep-proof layer 43, and the viewing angle is narrowed, so that the narrow viewing angle effect is better.

[0079] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the display device in the wide viewing angle mode according to the first embodiment of the present application. FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram of the viewing angle control signal in the wide viewing angle mode according to the first embodiment of the present application. FIG. 8 is another waveform diagram of the viewing angle control signal in the wide viewing angle mode according to the first embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIGS. 6-8, in the wide viewing angle mode, the first voltage signal VI has a first voltage difference (e.g., 5V) with the second voltage signal V2, the first voltage signal VI has a second voltage difference (e.g., 5V) with the third voltage signal V3, and the second voltage signal V2 has a third voltage difference (e.g., 10V) with the third voltage signal V3. The first voltage difference and the second voltage difference are both greater than a first preset value (e.g., 5V), and the third voltage difference is greater than or equal to a second preset value (e.g., 10V). At this time, a strong vertical electric field is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121, and between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122, and a strong horizontal electric field is formed between the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122. Under the action of the vertical electric field and the horizontal electric field, and in combination with the alignment pre-tilt angle (the first alignment pre-tilt angle and the second alignment pre-tilt angle) being between 83° and 90°, and the included angle between the alignment direction (the first alignment direction and the second alignment direction) and the first electrode strip 121a being between 0° and 20°, the positive liquid crystal molecules can be driven to deflect in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction toward the preset direction in a disordered and scattered state, and the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a disordered and scattered state. At this time, the refractive index of the positive liquid crystal molecules with different tilt angles is different, thereby forming different refractive index differences with the refractive layer 112, and having a scattering effect on light together with the refractive layer 112, to achieve a wide viewing angle range, thereby achieving wide viewing angle display.

[0080] In the embodiment, in the wide viewing angle mode, the first voltage signal V1 is a direct current common voltage signal, the second voltage signal V2 is a first alternating current voltage signal fluctuating up and down around the direct current common voltage signal, for example, the second voltage signal V2 is a 5V alternating current voltage fluctuating up and down around the direct current common voltage signal; the third voltage signal V3 is a second alternating current voltage signal fluctuating up and down around the direct current common voltage signal, and the third voltage signal V3 is a 5V alternating current voltage fluctuating up and down around the direct current common voltage signal. The first alternating current voltage signal and the second alternating current voltage signal have the same amplitude and the same period. As shown in FIG. 7, at the same time, the polarities of the first alternating current voltage signal and the second alternating current voltage signal are opposite. As shown in FIG. 8, the phases of the first alternating current voltage signal and the second alternating current voltage signal are offset by 10% to 25% of the period of the alternating current voltage signal. In the t1 time period and the t2 time period of T / 2 (T is the period of the alternating current voltage signal), the voltage difference between the second voltage signal V2 and the third voltage signal V3 is different, so that the voltage difference between the second voltage signal V2 and the third voltage signal V3 in each frame changes multiple times, thereby ensuring the wide viewing angle effect and avoiding the polarization problem of the positive liquid crystal molecules. Of course, the amplitudes of the second voltage signal V2 and the third voltage signal V3 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0081] [Embodiment Two]

[0082] FIG. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a display device in a narrow viewing angle mode according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 10 is a plan structural schematic diagram of a first alignment direction and a second alignment direction according to the embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the display panel and the driving method, the display device provided by the embodiment of the present application are basically the same as those in the embodiment one (FIG. 3 to FIG. 8), and the difference is that, in the embodiment, the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are arranged on the same side of the second substrate 12.

[0083] The projection of the first alignment direction of the first alignment layer on the second substrate 12 and the projection of the second alignment direction of the second alignment layer on the second substrate 12 form an included angle. For example, the included angle between the first alignment direction of the first alignment layer and the first electrode strip 121a is between 0 and 20°, and the included angle between the second alignment direction of the second alignment layer and the first electrode strip 121a is between -20 and 0°, so that the projection of the first alignment direction of the first alignment layer on the second substrate 12 and the projection of the second alignment direction of the second alignment layer on the second substrate 12 form an included angle. Of course, in other embodiments, the projection of the first alignment direction of the first alignment layer on the second substrate 12 and the projection of the second alignment direction of the second alignment layer on the second substrate 12 can also be arranged according to actual needs.

[0084] By having the projection of the first alignment direction of the first alignment layer on the second substrate 12 and the projection of the second alignment direction of the second alignment layer on the second substrate 12 to have an included angle, the driving voltage can be further reduced at a wide viewing angle, and the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are more disordered and scattered, which is beneficial to achieve a better scattering effect, i.e., compared with the first embodiment, the third embodiment has a better wide viewing angle effect.

[0085] Those skilled in the art should understand that the remaining structure and working principle of the third embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, and will not be described here.

[0086] [Embodiment Three]

[0087] FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device in an initial state according to the third embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 11, the display panel and driving method, and the display device according to the third embodiment of the present application are basically the same as those according to the first embodiment (FIGS. 3 to 8), and the difference lies in that, in the third embodiment:

[0088] The first liquid crystal layer 13 is positive liquid crystal molecules, i.e., liquid crystal molecules with positive dielectric anisotropy, wherein the positive liquid crystal molecules have Δn = ne-no, and the larger the Δn, the more beneficial to the scattering of light at a wide viewing angle, and preferably, the positive liquid crystal molecules have Δn = 0.25 and Retardation > 300 nm. The first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 83° and 90°, for example, the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is 85°; and the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 0 and 7°, for example, the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is 5°. That is, the positive liquid crystal molecules close to the first substrate 11 are aligned approximately perpendicular to the first substrate 11, and the positive liquid crystal molecules close to the second substrate 12 are aligned approximately parallel to the second substrate 12, so that the driving power consumption at a wide viewing angle can be reduced. In the narrow viewing angle mode, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a standing posture, at this time, the refractive index of the entire first liquid crystal layer 13 is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, and the light incident from the first liquid crystal layer 13 into the refractive layer 112 will not be refracted, and the viewing angle range is small; in the wide viewing angle mode, the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 have a first pressure difference, the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122 have a second pressure difference, and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122 have a third pressure difference, the first pressure difference and the second pressure difference are greater than a first preset value, and the third pressure difference is greater than or equal to a second preset value, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a disordered and scattered state, at this time, the refractive index of the positive liquid crystal molecules with different tilt angles is different, thereby forming different refractive index differences with the refractive layer 112, and scattering light together with the refractive layer 112 to achieve a large viewing angle range.

[0089] The embodiment also provides a driving method of the display panel, used for driving the display panel as described above. The driving method comprises: applying a first voltage signal V1 to the first view angle control electrode 111, applying a second voltage signal V2 to the second view angle control electrode 121, and applying a third voltage signal V3 to the third view angle control electrode 122. By applying the corresponding view angle control voltage to the first view angle control electrode 111, the second view angle control electrode 121 and the third view angle control electrode 122, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in a disordered and scattered state, and are matched with the refractive layer 112, so that the light can be scattered, and the wide view angle effect is realized; or the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a standing posture, so that the refractive index of the whole first liquid crystal layer 13 is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, and the exit angle of the light is basically not changed, so as to realize the narrow view angle effect.

[0090] FIG. 12 is a structural schematic diagram of the display device in the narrow view angle mode according to the third embodiment of the present application. FIG. 13 is a waveform diagram of the view angle control signal in the narrow view angle mode according to the third embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, in the narrow view angle mode, the fourth voltage difference (for example, 2V) between the first voltage signal V1 and the second voltage signal V2 and the fourth voltage difference between the first voltage signal V1 and the third voltage signal V3 are greater than or equal to the third preset value (for example, 2V), so that a strong vertical electric field is formed between the first view angle control electrode 111 and the second view angle control electrode 121 and between the first view angle control electrode 111 and the third view angle control electrode 122, the positive liquid crystal molecules close to the second substrate 12 are deflected in the vertical direction and in a standing posture, so that the refractive index of the whole first liquid crystal layer 13 is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, and the light emitted from the first liquid crystal layer 13 into the refractive layer 112 is basically not changed in the exit angle, so as to realize the narrow view angle effect. Wherein, the light emitted from the backlight 41 is collected by the peep-proof layer 43, the view angle is narrowed, and the narrow view angle effect is better.

[0091] Referring to FIGS. 6-8, in the wide viewing angle mode, the first voltage signal V1 and the second voltage signal V2 have a first voltage difference (e.g., 3V), the first voltage signal V1 and the third voltage signal V3 have a second voltage difference (e.g., 3V), and the second voltage signal V2 and the third voltage signal V3 have a third voltage difference (e.g., also 6V). The first voltage difference and the second voltage difference are both greater than a first preset value (e.g., 3V), and the third voltage difference is greater than or equal to a second preset value (e.g., 6V). At this time, a strong vertical electric field is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122, and a strong horizontal electric field is formed between the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122. Under the action of the vertical electric field and the horizontal electric field, and in combination with the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer being between 83° and 90°, the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer being between 0° and 7°, and the included angle between the alignment direction (the first alignment direction, the second alignment direction) and the first electrode strip 121a being between 0° and 20°, the positive liquid crystal molecules can be driven to deflect in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction in a preset direction, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a disordered and scattered state. At this time, the refractive index of the positive liquid crystal molecules with different tilt angles is different, thereby forming different refractive index differences with the refractive layer 112, and together with the refractive layer 112, having a scattering effect on light, to achieve a large viewing angle range, thereby achieving wide viewing angle display.

[0092] In the present embodiment, the positive liquid crystal molecules close to the first substrate 11 are approximately aligned perpendicular to the first substrate 11, and the positive liquid crystal molecules close to the second substrate 12 are approximately aligned parallel to the second substrate 12, thereby reducing the driving power consumption in the wide viewing angle mode.

[0093] Those skilled in the art should understand that the remaining structures and working principles of the present embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment One, and will not be described again here.

[0094] [Embodiment Four]

[0095] FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device in a narrow viewing angle mode according to Embodiment Four of the present application. As shown in FIG. 14, the display panel and driving method, and the display device according to Embodiment Four of the present application are basically the same as those according to Embodiment Three (FIGS. 11-13), except that in the present embodiment:

[0096] The first liquid crystal layer 13 is a negative liquid crystal molecule, that is, a liquid crystal molecule with negative dielectric anisotropy, wherein the negative liquid crystal molecule has Δn = ne-no, Δn < 0, and the greater the -Δn, the more conducive to astigmatism in a wide viewing angle. The first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 83° and 90°, for example, the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is 85°; and the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 0° and 7°, for example, the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is 5°. That is, the negative liquid crystal molecules close to the first substrate 11 are aligned approximately perpendicular to the first substrate 11, and the negative liquid crystal molecules close to the second substrate 12 are aligned approximately parallel to the second substrate 12, so that the driving power consumption in a wide viewing angle can be reduced. In a narrow viewing angle mode, the negative liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a flat posture, at this time, the refractive index of the entire first liquid crystal layer 13 is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, and the light ray does not refract when it enters the refractive layer 112 from the first liquid crystal layer 13, so that the viewing angle range is small; in a wide viewing angle mode, the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 have a first pressure difference, the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122 have a second pressure difference, and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122 have a third pressure difference, the first pressure difference and the second pressure difference are greater than a first preset value, and the third pressure difference is greater than or equal to a second preset value, so that the negative liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a disordered and scattered state, at this time, the refractive index of the negative liquid crystal molecules with different tilt angles is different, thereby forming different refractive index differences with the refractive layer 112, and scattering light rays together with the refractive layer 112 to achieve a large viewing angle range.

[0097] The embodiment also provides a driving method of the display panel, for driving the display panel as described above. The driving method comprises: applying a first voltage signal V1 to the first viewing angle control electrode 111, applying a second voltage signal V2 to the second viewing angle control electrode 121, and applying a third voltage signal V3 to the third viewing angle control electrode 122. By applying corresponding viewing angle control voltages to the first viewing angle control electrode 111, the second viewing angle control electrode 121, and the third viewing angle control electrode 122, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in a disordered and scattered state, and are matched with the refractive layer 112, so that the light rays can be scattered to achieve a wide viewing angle effect; or the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a flat posture, so that the refractive index of the entire first liquid crystal layer 13 is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, and the light ray exit angle is basically not changed to achieve a narrow viewing angle effect.

[0098] As shown in FIG. 14, in the narrow viewing angle mode, there is a fourth voltage difference (for example, 2V) between the first voltage signal V1 and the second voltage signal V2 and between the first voltage signal V1 and the third voltage signal V3, the fourth voltage difference is greater than or equal to the third preset value (for example, 2V), and a relatively strong vertical electric field is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122, so that the negative liquid crystal molecules close to the first substrate 11 side are deflected in the vertical direction and assume a flat posture, so that the refractive index of the entire first liquid crystal layer 13 is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, and the light rays emitted from the first liquid crystal layer 13 to the refractive layer 112 do not change the emission angle, thereby achieving a narrow viewing angle effect. Wherein, the light emitted by the backlight 41 is collected by the anti-peep layer 43, the viewing angle is narrowed, and the narrow viewing angle effect is better.

[0099] As shown in FIGS. 6-8, in the wide viewing angle mode, there is a first voltage difference (for example, 3V) between the first voltage signal V1 and the second voltage signal V2, a second voltage difference (for example, 3V) between the first voltage signal V1 and the third voltage signal V3, and a third voltage difference (for example, also 6V) between the second voltage signal V2 and the third voltage signal V3. The first voltage difference and the second voltage difference are both greater than the first preset value (for example, 3V), and the third voltage difference is greater than or equal to the second preset value (for example, 6V). At this time, a relatively strong vertical electric field is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122, and a relatively strong horizontal electric field is formed between the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122. Under the action of the vertical electric field and the horizontal electric field, and in combination with the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment pre-tilt angle being between 83° and 90°, the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer being between 0 and 7°, and the included angle between the alignment direction (the first alignment direction, the second alignment direction) and the first electrode strip 121a being between 0° and 20°, the negative liquid crystal molecules can be driven to deflect in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction in the preset direction, so that the negative liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 assume a disordered and scattered state. At this time, the refractive index of the negative liquid crystal molecules with different tilt angles is different, thereby forming different refractive index differences with the refractive layer 112, and together with the refractive layer 112, the light rays have a scattering effect, thereby achieving a wide viewing angle range to achieve a wide viewing angle display.

[0100] In the embodiment, since the negative liquid crystal molecules close to the first substrate 11 side are approximately perpendicular to the first substrate 11 for alignment, and the negative liquid crystal molecules close to the second substrate 12 side are approximately parallel to the second substrate 12 for alignment, the driving power consumption in the wide viewing angle mode can be reduced.

[0101] Those skilled in the art should understand that the remaining structure and working principle of the embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment Three, which will not be described here.

[0102] [Embodiment Five]

[0103] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display device in Embodiment Five of the present application in the initial state. As shown in FIG. 15, the display panel and driving method, and the display device provided in Embodiment Five of the present application are basically the same as those in Embodiment One (FIGS. 3-8), except that in the present embodiment:

[0104] In the present embodiment, the first liquid crystal layer 13 is positive liquid crystal molecules, i.e., liquid crystal molecules with positive dielectric anisotropy, wherein the positive liquid crystal molecules have Δn = ne-no, Δn > 0, and the greater the Δn, the more conducive to astigmatism in wide viewing angle, preferably Δn = 0.25; and the positive liquid crystal molecules have a retardation > 300 nm. In the initial state, the first liquid crystal layer 13 is in a lying posture, i.e., the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are aligned parallel to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, and the positive liquid crystal molecules close to the first substrate 11 are anti-parallel to the positive liquid crystal molecules close to the second substrate 12. In the narrow viewing angle mode, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the entire first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a standing posture and have a refractive index equal to that of the refractive layer 112, so that the light incident from the first liquid crystal layer 13 into the refractive layer 112 will not be refracted, and the viewing angle range is small. In the wide viewing angle mode, the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 have a first pressure difference, the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122 have a second pressure difference, and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122 have a third pressure difference, wherein the first pressure difference and the second pressure difference are greater than a first preset value, and the third pressure difference is greater than or equal to a second preset value, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a disordered and scattered state (for example, the long axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules in front of, left of, and right of the first electrode strip 121a are different, and the long axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules in front of, left of, and right of the second electrode strip 122a are different). At this time, the refractive indices of the positive liquid crystal molecules with different inclination angles are different, thereby forming different refractive index differences with the refractive layer 112, and scattering the light together with the refractive layer 112, to achieve a large viewing angle range. In other embodiments, the refractive index of the refractive layer 112 can be equal to the refractive index of the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 in the lying posture, so that the light modulation box 10 is in the narrow viewing angle mode in the initial state, to reduce the driving power consumption in the narrow viewing angle mode.

[0105] Further, the first substrate 11 has a first alignment layer on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the first alignment layer has a first alignment pre-tilt angle between 0° and 90°, and the projection of the first alignment direction of the first alignment layer on the second substrate 12 has a first included angle with the first electrode strip 121a between 0° and 20°; the second substrate 12 has a second alignment layer on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the second alignment layer has a second alignment pre-tilt angle between 0° and 90°, and the projection of the second alignment direction of the second alignment layer on the second substrate 12 has a second included angle with the first electrode strip 121a between 0° and 20°. In this embodiment, the positive liquid crystal molecules can have a small pre-tilt angle when initially aligned, that is, the positive liquid crystal molecules initially form a small included angle with the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 0° and 7°, for example, the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is 5°; the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 0° and 7°, for example, the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is 5°. The first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is the same as the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer. When switched to wide viewing angle, the positive liquid crystal molecules can be deflected towards the vertical direction faster, and at the same time, the included angle between the alignment direction (first alignment direction, second alignment direction) and the first electrode strip 121a is between 0° and 20°, so that the horizontal deflection direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules can be limited to ensure the wide viewing angle effect.

[0106] In this embodiment, the refractive layer 112 has a plurality of protruding structures on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the cross section of the protruding structure can be semicircular, triangular, trapezoidal, etc., such as triangular prism, quadrangular prism with trapezoidal cross section, semicircular column, triangular pyramid, quadrangular pyramid, quadrangular platform, hemispherical structure, etc. Compared with the first embodiment, although the manufacturing process is more complex, since the surface of the protruding structure can form a certain included angle with most backlight, most of the backlight will be refracted when entering the refractive layer 112 from the first liquid crystal layer 13 at wide viewing angle, thereby increasing the astigmatism. The refractive layer 112 can be made of resin, photoresist, OC, etc., and the refractive index of the refractive layer 112 is equal to the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13 in the standing state, or can be equal to the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13 in the initial state.

[0107] For example, the manufacturing process of the refractive layer 112 includes: coating resin material on the substrate → providing an imprinting tool to imprint the resin material to form protruding structures → curing by UV light irradiation → removing the imprinting tool. The refractive index of the refractive layer 112 is between 1.4 and 1.8; the resin coating thickness is limited by the existing mold opening, the existing sample height is 6-10 um, the interval is 10-15 um, the smaller the interval, the thicker the thickness, the larger the corresponding microstructure angle, and the better the astigmatism effect.

[0108] The embodiment also provides a driving method of the display panel, used for driving the display panel. The driving method comprises: applying a first voltage signal V1 to the first view angle control electrode 111, applying a second voltage signal V2 to the second view angle control electrode 121, and applying a third voltage signal V3 to the third view angle control electrode 122. By applying the corresponding view angle control voltage to the first view angle control electrode 111, the second view angle control electrode 121 and the third view angle control electrode 122, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in a disordered and scattered state, and are matched with the refractive layer 112, so that the light can be scattered, and the wide view angle effect is realized; or the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a standing posture, so that the refractive index of the whole first liquid crystal layer 13 is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, and the exit angle of the light is basically not changed, so as to realize the narrow view angle effect.

[0109] FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of the display device in the narrow view angle mode according to the fifth embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 16, in the narrow view angle mode, the fourth voltage difference (for example, 5V) between the first voltage signal V1 and the second voltage signal V2 and the fourth voltage difference between the first voltage signal V1 and the third voltage signal V3 are greater than or equal to the third preset value (for example, 5V), so that a strong vertical electric field is formed between the first view angle control electrode 111 and the second view angle control electrode 121 and between the first view angle control electrode 111 and the third view angle control electrode 122, the positive liquid crystal molecules close to the second substrate 12 are deflected in the vertical direction and are in a standing posture, so that the refractive index of the whole first liquid crystal layer 13 is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, and the light is basically not changed after entering the refractive layer 112 from the first liquid crystal layer 13, so as to realize the narrow view angle effect. Wherein, the light emitted by the backlight source 41 is collected by the peep-proof layer 43, the view angle is narrowed, and the narrow view angle effect is better.

[0110] FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the structure of the display device in the fifth embodiment of the present application in a wide viewing angle mode. As shown in FIG. 17, in the wide viewing angle mode, the first voltage signal VI has a first voltage difference (e.g. 3V) with the second voltage signal V2, the first voltage signal VI has a second voltage difference (e.g. 3V) with the third voltage signal V3, and the second voltage signal V2 has a third voltage difference (e.g. also 6V) with the third voltage signal V3. The first voltage difference and the second voltage difference are both greater than a first preset value (e.g. 3V), and the third voltage difference is greater than or equal to a second preset value (e.g. 6V). At this time, a strong vertical electric field is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121, and between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122, and a strong horizontal electric field is formed between the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122. Under the action of the vertical electric field and the horizontal electric field, and in combination with the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer and the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer being between 0 and 7°, and the angle between the alignment direction (the first alignment direction, the second alignment direction) and the first electrode strip 121a being between 0° and 20°, the positive liquid crystal molecules can be driven to deflect in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction towards a preset direction in a disordered and scattered state, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a disordered and scattered state. At this time, the refractive index of the positive liquid crystal molecules with different tilt angles is different, thereby forming different refractive index differences with the refractive layer 112, and together with the refractive layer 112, having a scattering effect on light, to achieve a large viewing angle range, thereby achieving wide viewing angle display.

[0111] Figure 18 is another waveform diagram of the view angle control signal when the display device of the fifth embodiment of the present application is in the wide view angle mode. In this embodiment, since the positive liquid crystal molecules have a small angle with the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 at the initial time, i.e. the positive liquid crystal molecules are substantially parallel to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 at the initial time, in addition to the driving waveform diagram of the wide view angle mode of the first embodiment, another driving waveform diagram can be used when the display device is in the wide view angle mode. As shown in Figure 18, in the wide view angle mode, the first voltage signal VI and the second voltage signal V2 have a first voltage difference and the first voltage difference is less than a fourth preset value (e.g. less than 0.5V), for example, the first voltage signal VI and the second voltage signal V2 are both 5V AC signals, and the first voltage difference is 0 at this time. The third voltage signal V3 is a 5V AC signal, but at the same time, the first voltage signal VI and the second voltage signal V2 have opposite polarity to the third voltage signal V3. Therefore, the first voltage signal VI and the third voltage signal V3 have a second voltage difference (e.g. 10V), and the second voltage signal V2 and the third voltage signal V3 have a third voltage difference (e.g. also 10V). At this time, the first view angle control electrode 111 and the second view angle control electrode 121 do not substantially form a vertical electric field, i.e. the positive liquid crystal molecules between the first view angle control electrode 111 and the second view angle control electrode 121 have a small deflection angle in the vertical direction; the first view angle control electrode 111 and the third view angle control electrode 122 form a strong vertical electric field, and the positive liquid crystal molecules between the first view angle control electrode 111 and the third view angle control electrode 122 have a large deflection angle in the vertical direction; and the second view angle control electrode 121 and the third view angle control electrode 122 also form a strong horizontal electric field, and the positive liquid crystal molecules deflect in the horizontal direction. Therefore, it can be avoided that all the positive liquid crystal molecules have a too large deflection angle in the vertical direction, so that the gradient change of the tilt angle of the positive liquid crystal molecules is more obvious, and the wide view angle effect is better. Of course, the first voltage signal VI and the third voltage signal V3 can also have a second voltage difference less than the fourth preset value (e.g. less than 0.5V), for example, the first voltage signal VI and the third voltage signal V3 are both 5V AC signals, and the second voltage signal V2 is a 5V AC signal, but at the same time, the first voltage signal VI and the third voltage signal V3 have opposite polarity to the second voltage signal V2, and a good wide view angle effect can also be achieved.

[0112] As shown in Fig. 15, in the initial state, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a flat posture, at this time, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is not equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, when the light is incident from the first liquid crystal layer 13 to the refractive layer 112, a certain refraction will also occur, at this time, the viewing angle range is wider than that of the narrow viewing angle mode, but narrower than that of the wide viewing angle. Therefore, when a compromise viewing angle range is needed, the first voltage signal V1, the second voltage signal V2 and the third voltage signal V3 are all direct current common voltage signals, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 remain the initial posture, that is, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are controlled to be in the initial parallel posture, so that the refractive index of the whole first liquid crystal layer 13 is not equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, to realize a compromise viewing angle range.

[0113] Those skilled in the art should understand that the remaining structure and working principle of the embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment One, which will not be repeated here.

[0114] [Embodiment Six]

[0115] Fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device in a narrow viewing angle according to Embodiment Six of the present application. As shown in Fig. 19, the display panel and driving method, display device provided by Embodiment Six of the present application are basically the same as those in Embodiment Five (Figs. 15-17), the difference is that in the present embodiment:

[0116] In the embodiment, the first liquid crystal layer 13 is a positive liquid crystal molecule, i.e., a liquid crystal molecule with positive dielectric anisotropy, where the positive liquid crystal molecule has Δn = ne-no, Δn > 0, and the greater the Δn, the more conducive to astigmatism in a wide viewing angle. Preferably, the positive liquid crystal molecule has Δn = 0.25 and a retardation > 300 nm. In the initial state, the first liquid crystal layer 13 is in a standing posture, for example, the initial pre-tilt angle of the positive liquid crystal molecule in the first liquid crystal layer 13 is between 83° and 90°. In the narrow viewing angle mode, the entire first liquid crystal layer 13 is in a standing posture and has a refractive index equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, so that the light does not refract when it enters the refractive layer 112 from the first liquid crystal layer 13, and the viewing angle range is small. In the wide viewing angle mode, the first viewing angle control electrode 111 has a first pressure difference with the second viewing angle control electrode 121, the first viewing angle control electrode 111 has a second pressure difference with the third viewing angle control electrode 122, and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 has a third pressure difference with the third viewing angle control electrode 122. The first pressure difference and the second pressure difference are greater than a first preset value, and the third pressure difference is greater than or equal to a second preset value, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a disordered and scattered state (for example, the long axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules in the front, left and right of the first electrode strip 121a are different, and the long axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules in the front, left and right of the second electrode strip 122a are different). At this time, the refractive index of the positive liquid crystal molecules with different tilt angles is different, thereby forming different refractive index differences with the refractive layer 112, and scattering the light together with the refractive layer 112, to achieve a large viewing angle range.

[0117] The embodiment also provides a driving method of the display panel, for driving the display panel as described above. The driving method comprises: applying a first voltage signal V1 to the first viewing angle control electrode 111, applying a second voltage signal V2 to the second viewing angle control electrode 121, and applying a third voltage signal V3 to the third viewing angle control electrode 122. By applying corresponding viewing angle control voltages to the first viewing angle control electrode 111, the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in a disordered and scattered state, and are matched with the refractive layer 112, so that the light can be scattered, to achieve a wide viewing angle effect; or the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a standing posture, so that the refractive index of the entire first liquid crystal layer 13 is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, and the exit angle of the light is basically not changed, to achieve a narrow viewing angle effect.

[0118] As shown in FIG. 19, in the narrow viewing angle mode, the first voltage signal V1, the second voltage signal V2 and the third voltage signal V3 are all direct current common voltage signals, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 remain in the initial posture, i.e., the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are controlled to be in the initial standing posture, so that the refractive index of the whole first liquid crystal layer 13 is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, and the light rays emitted from the first liquid crystal layer 13 to the refractive layer 112 do not change the emission angle basically, so as to achieve the narrow viewing angle effect. Wherein, the light rays emitted from the backlight 41 are collected by the anti-peep layer 43, so that the viewing angle is narrowed, and the narrow viewing angle effect is better.

[0119] Referring to FIG. 17, in the wide viewing angle mode, the first voltage signal V1 and the second voltage signal V2 have a first voltage difference (for example, 4V), the first voltage signal V1 and the third voltage signal V3 have a second voltage difference (for example, 4V), and the second voltage signal V2 and the third voltage signal V3 have a third voltage difference (for example, also 8V). The first voltage difference and the second voltage difference are both greater than a first preset value (for example, 4V), and the third voltage difference is greater than or equal to a second preset value (for example, 8V). At this time, a relatively strong vertical electric field is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121, and between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122, and a relatively strong horizontal electric field is formed between the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122. Under the action of the vertical electric field and the horizontal electric field, and in combination with the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer and the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer being between 83° and 90°, and the included angle between the alignment direction (the first alignment direction, the second alignment direction) and the first electrode strip 121a being between 0° and 20°, the positive liquid crystal molecules can be driven to deflect in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction towards the preset direction, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a disordered and scattered state. At this time, the refractive index of the positive liquid crystal molecules with different tilt angles is different, so as to form different refractive index differences with the refractive layer 112, and together with the refractive layer 112, the light rays have a scattering effect, so as to achieve a large viewing angle range, and to achieve the wide viewing angle display.

[0120] Those skilled in the art should understand that the remaining structure and working principle of the embodiment are the same as those of embodiment five, which will not be described here.

[0121] [Embodiment Seven]

[0122] FIG. 20 is a structural schematic diagram of the display device in the initial state in embodiment seven of the present application. As shown in FIG. 20, the display panel and driving method, display device provided by embodiment seven of the present application are basically the same as those in embodiment five (FIGS. 15-17), and the difference is that in the present embodiment:

[0123] The first liquid crystal layer 13 is a positive liquid crystal molecule, i.e. a liquid crystal molecule with positive dielectric anisotropy, wherein the positive liquid crystal molecule has Δn = ne-no, Δn > 0, and the greater the Δn, the more conducive to astigmatism in a wide viewing angle, preferably Δn = 0.25; the positive liquid crystal molecule has a retardation > 300 nm, and in the initial state, the first liquid crystal layer 13 is in an inclined posture, for example, the initial pre-tilt angle of the positive liquid crystal molecule in the first liquid crystal layer 13 is between 5° and 85°. In the narrow viewing angle mode, the entire first liquid crystal layer 13 is in a standing posture and has a refractive index equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, and when the light enters the refractive layer 112 from the first liquid crystal layer 13, no refraction occurs, and the viewing angle range is small. In the wide viewing angle mode, the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 have a first pressure difference, the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122 have a second pressure difference, and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122 have a third pressure difference, the first pressure difference and the second pressure difference are greater than a first preset value, and the third pressure difference is greater than or equal to a second preset value, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a disordered and scattered state (for example, the long axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules in the front, left and right of the first electrode strip 121a are different, and the long axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules in the front, left and right of the second electrode strip 122a are different), at this time, the refractive index of the positive liquid crystal molecules with different tilt angles is different, thereby forming different refractive index differences with the refractive layer 112, and scattering the light together with the refractive layer 112, thereby realizing a large viewing angle range.

[0124] Further, the first substrate 11 is provided with a first alignment layer on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 5 and 85°, and the projection of the first alignment direction of the first alignment layer on the second substrate 12 forms a first included angle with the first electrode strip 121a, which is between 0 and 20°; the second substrate 12 is provided with a second alignment layer on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 5 and 85°, and the projection of the second alignment direction of the second alignment layer on the second substrate 12 forms a second included angle with the first electrode strip 121a, which is between 0 and 20°. In this embodiment, the positive liquid crystal molecules can have a certain pre-tilt angle when initially aligned, that is, the positive liquid crystal molecules form a certain included angle with the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 at the beginning, the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 5 and 85°, for example, the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is 65°; the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 5 and 85°, for example, the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer is 65°. Among them, the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer is the same as the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer. When switched to a wide viewing angle, only a small pressure difference is needed between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122, that is, only a small vertical electric field is needed, which avoids the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 from being completely in a horizontal state, and can reduce the driving voltage. At the same time, the included angle between the alignment direction (the first alignment direction, the second alignment direction) and the first electrode strip 121a is between 0 and 20°, so as to limit the horizontal deflection direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules, so as to ensure the wide viewing angle effect.

[0125] Referring to FIG. 16, in the narrow viewing angle mode, the fourth pressure difference (for example, 4V) exists between the first voltage signal V1 and the second voltage signal V2 and between the first voltage signal V1 and the third voltage signal V3, which is greater than or equal to the third preset value (for example, 4V), and a strong vertical electric field is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules close to the second substrate 12 are deflected in the vertical direction and assume a standing posture, so that the refractive index of the entire first liquid crystal layer 13 is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, and the light rays emitted from the first liquid crystal layer 13 to the refractive layer 112 do not change the emission angle basically, so as to realize the narrow viewing angle effect. Among them, the light emitted by the backlight 41 is collected by the anti-peep layer 43, the viewing angle is narrowed, and the narrow viewing angle effect is better.

[0126] Referring to FIG. 17, in the wide viewing angle mode, the first voltage signal V1 has a first voltage difference (e.g. 3V) with the second voltage signal V2, the first voltage signal V1 has a second voltage difference (e.g. 3V) with the third voltage signal V3, and the second voltage signal V2 has a third voltage difference (e.g. also 6V) with the third voltage signal V3. At this time, a strong vertical electric field is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 121, and between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122, and a strong horizontal electric field is formed between the second viewing angle control electrode 121 and the third viewing angle control electrode 122. Under the action of the vertical electric field and the horizontal electric field, and in combination with the first alignment pre-tilt angle of the first alignment layer and the second alignment pre-tilt angle of the second alignment layer being between 0 and 7°, and the included angle between the alignment direction (the first alignment direction, the second alignment direction) and the first electrode strip 121a being between 0° and 20°, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 can be driven to deflect in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction towards the preset direction, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a disordered and scattered state. At this time, the refractive index of the positive liquid crystal molecules with different tilt angles is different, thereby forming different refractive index differences with the refractive layer 112, and together with the refractive layer 112, having a scattering effect on light, so as to realize a large viewing angle range, thereby realizing wide viewing angle display.

[0127] As shown in FIG. 20, in the initial state, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a flat posture. At this time, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is not equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, and when light enters the refractive layer 112 from the first liquid crystal layer 13, a certain refraction also occurs. At this time, the viewing angle range is wider than that of the narrow viewing angle mode, but narrower than that of the wide viewing angle. Therefore, when a moderate viewing angle range is needed, the first voltage signal V1, the second voltage signal V2 and the third voltage signal V3 can all be direct current common voltage signals, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 remain in the initial posture, i.e. the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are controlled to be in the initial parallel posture, so that the refractive index of the entire first liquid crystal layer 13 is not equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer 112, thereby realizing a moderate viewing angle range.

[0128] Those skilled in the art should understand that the remaining structure and working principle of the embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment Five, which will not be described here.

[0129] Fig. 21 and Fig. 22 are schematic diagrams of the planar structure of the display device in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 21 and Fig. 22, the display device is provided with a view angle switching button 50 for the user to send a view angle switching request to the display device. The view angle switching button 50 can be a physical button (as shown in Fig. 21) or a software control or application (APP) to realize the switching function (as shown in Fig. 22, for example, by setting the wide and narrow view angles through a sliding bar). When the user needs to switch between the wide view angle and the narrow view angle, the user can send a view angle switching request to the display device by operating the view angle switching button 50, and finally the driving chip 60 controls the electric signals applied to the first view angle control electrode 111, the second view angle control electrode 121 and the third view angle control electrode 122. The display device can realize the switching between the wide view angle and the narrow view angle. When switched to the wide view angle, the driving method adopts the driving method corresponding to the wide angle mode. When switched to the narrow view angle, the driving method adopts the driving method corresponding to the narrow view angle mode. Therefore, the display device in the embodiment of the present application has strong operation flexibility and convenience, and achieves a multifunctional display device integrating entertainment video and privacy protection.

[0130] In this document, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. are defined with the structure in the drawing and the positions of the structures relative to each other. It should be understood that the use of these terms should not limit the scope of the application. It should also be understood that the terms "first" and "second" used herein are only used for name distinction and do not limit the quantity and order.

[0131] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any form. Although the present application has been disclosed as above, it is not intended to limit the present application. Any skilled person in the art can make some changes or modifications to the disclosed technical content without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application, and the equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes are equivalent. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments made according to the technical essence of the present application are still within the protection scope of the present application. Industrial applicability

[0132] In the narrow viewing angle mode, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer, and the light is not refracted when it enters the refractive layer from the first liquid crystal layer, so the viewing angle range is small; in the wide viewing angle mode, by applying corresponding viewing angle control voltages to the first, second and third viewing angle control electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in a disordered and scattered state, at this time, the refractive index of the positive liquid crystal molecules with different tilt angles is different, thereby forming different refractive index differences with the refractive layer, and scattering the light together with the refractive layer to realize a large viewing angle range, so that the application can realize a wide viewing angle effect with a single light box; moreover, the light box does not need to be used with a polaroid, which greatly reduces the module thickness and the number of polaroids, thereby increasing the light transmittance.

Claims

1. A display panel, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dimming box (10) and a display liquid crystal box (20) which are stacked on each other, wherein a first polarizer (31) is provided between the dimming box (10) and the display liquid crystal box (20), and a second polarizer (32) is provided on a side of the display liquid crystal box (20) away from the dimming box (10), wherein the light transmission axis of the first polarizer (31) and the light transmission axis of the second polarizer (32) are perpendicular to each other; The dimming box (10) comprises a first substrate (11), a second substrate (12) arranged opposite to the first substrate (11), and a first liquid crystal layer (13) arranged between the first substrate (11) and the second substrate (12); the first substrate (11) is provided with a first viewing angle control electrode (111) and a refractive layer (112) on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer (13); the second substrate (12) is provided with a second viewing angle control electrode (121) and a third viewing angle control electrode (122) cooperating with the first viewing angle control electrode (111) on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer (13); the second viewing angle control electrode (121) comprises a plurality of first electrode strips (121a); ​​the third viewing angle control electrode (122) comprises a plurality of second electrode strips (122a); the projections of the first electrode strips (121a) and the second electrode strips (122a) on the second substrate (12) are parallel to each other and arranged alternately; In a narrow viewing angle mode, the refractive index of the entire first liquid crystal layer (13) is equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer (112); in a wide viewing angle mode, a first voltage difference exists between the first viewing angle control electrode (111) and the second viewing angle control electrode (121), a second voltage difference exists between the first viewing angle control electrode (111) and the third viewing angle control electrode (122), and a third voltage difference exists between the second viewing angle control electrode (121) and the third viewing angle control electrode (122), the first voltage difference and the second voltage difference are both greater than a first preset value, and the third voltage difference is greater than or equal to a second preset value, so that the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13) are in a disordered and scattered state and scatter light together with the refractive layer (112).

2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein: A first alignment layer is provided on a side of the first substrate (11) facing the first liquid crystal layer (13); a first alignment pretilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 0 and 90°; and a first angle between a projection of a first alignment direction of the first alignment layer on the second substrate (12) and the first electrode strip (121a) is between 0 and 20°; A second alignment layer is provided on a side of the second substrate (12) facing the first liquid crystal layer (13); a second alignment pretilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 0 and 90°; and a second angle between a projection of a second alignment direction of the second alignment layer on the second substrate (12) and the first electrode strip (121a) is between 0 and 20°.

3. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein: A projection of the first alignment direction of the first alignment layer on the second substrate (12) and a projection of the second alignment direction of the second alignment layer on the second substrate (12) are parallel to each other.

4. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein: There is an included angle between a projection of a first alignment direction of the first alignment layer on the second substrate (12) and a projection of a second alignment direction of the second alignment layer on the second substrate (12).

5. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein: The first liquid crystal layer (13) uses positive liquid crystal molecules, the first alignment pretilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 0 and 7 degrees, and the second alignment pretilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 0 and 7 degrees.

6. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein: The first liquid crystal layer (13) uses positive liquid crystal molecules, the first alignment pretilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 83° and 90°, and the second alignment pretilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 83° and 90°.

7. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein: The first liquid crystal layer (13) uses positive liquid crystal molecules or negative liquid crystal molecules, the first alignment pretilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 83° and 90°, and the second alignment pretilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 0° and 7°.

8. The display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The side of the refractive layer (112) facing the first liquid crystal layer (13) is a planar structure; the side of the refractive layer (112) facing the first liquid crystal layer (13) has a plurality of convex structures.

9. A method for driving a display panel, characterized in that: Used to drive the display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the driving method comprising: Applying a first voltage signal (V1) to the first viewing angle control electrode (111), applying a second voltage signal (V2) to the second viewing angle control electrode (121), and applying a third voltage signal (V3) to the third viewing angle control electrode (122); In a narrow viewing angle mode, the refractive index of the entire first liquid crystal layer (13) is controlled to be equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer (112); in a wide viewing angle mode, a first voltage difference exists between the first voltage signal (V1) and the second voltage signal (V2), a second voltage difference exists between the first voltage signal (V1) and the third voltage signal (V3), and a third voltage difference exists between the second voltage signal (V2) and the third voltage signal (V3), at least one of the first pressure difference and the second pressure difference is greater than a first preset value, and the third pressure difference is greater than or equal to a second preset value, so that the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13) are in a disordered and scattered state and scatter light together with the refractive layer (112).

10. The method for driving a display panel according to claim 9, wherein: The first liquid crystal layer (13) uses positive liquid crystal molecules, the first alignment pretilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 0 and 7 degrees, the second alignment pretilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 0 and 7 degrees, and the refractive index of the refractive layer (112) is equal to the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer (13) in this state; The driving method comprises: in a narrow viewing angle mode, the first voltage signal (V1), the second voltage signal (V2), and the third voltage signal (V3) are all DC common voltage signals, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13) maintain an initial posture and are equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer (112); in a wide viewing angle mode, one of the first voltage difference and the second voltage difference is greater than a first preset value, and the other is less than a fourth preset value.

11. The method for driving a display panel according to claim 9, wherein: The first liquid crystal layer (13) uses positive liquid crystal molecules, the first alignment pretilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 83° and 90°, the second alignment pretilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 83° and 90°, and the refractive index of the refractive layer (112) is equal to the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer (13) in this state; The driving method comprises: in a narrow viewing angle mode, the first voltage signal (V1), the second voltage signal (V2), and the third voltage signal (V3) are all DC common voltage signals, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13) maintain an initial posture and are equal to the refractive index of the refractive layer (112); in a wide viewing angle mode, the first voltage difference and the second voltage difference are both greater than a first preset value.

12. The method for driving a display panel according to claim 9, wherein: The first liquid crystal layer (13) uses positive liquid crystal molecules, the first alignment pretilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 83° and 90°, the second alignment pretilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 0° and 7°, and the refractive index of the refractive layer (112) is equal to the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer (13) in a standing posture; The driving method comprises: in a narrow viewing angle mode, a fourth voltage difference exists between the first voltage signal (V1) and the second voltage signal (V2), and between the first voltage signal (V1) and the third voltage signal (V3), and the fourth voltage difference is greater than or equal to a third preset value, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13) are in a standing posture; in a wide viewing angle mode, the first voltage difference and the second voltage difference are both greater than the first preset value.

13. The method for driving a display panel according to claim 9, wherein: The first liquid crystal layer (13) uses negative liquid crystal molecules, the first alignment pretilt angle of the first alignment layer is between 83° and 90°, the second alignment pretilt angle of the second alignment layer is between 0° and 7°, and the refractive index of the refractive layer (112) is equal to the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer (13) in a flat position; The driving method comprises: in a narrow viewing angle mode, a fourth voltage difference exists between the first voltage signal (V1) and the second voltage signal (V2), and between the first voltage signal (V1) and the third voltage signal (V3), and the fourth voltage difference is greater than or equal to a third preset value, so that the negative liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13) are in a flat lying posture; in a wide viewing angle mode, the first voltage difference and the second voltage difference are both greater than the first preset value.

14. The method for driving a display panel according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein: In the wide viewing angle mode, the first voltage signal (V1) is a DC common voltage signal, the second voltage signal (V2) is a first AC voltage signal that fluctuates up and down around the DC common voltage signal, and the third voltage signal (V3) is a second AC voltage signal that fluctuates up and down around the DC common voltage signal, and the first AC voltage signal and the second AC voltage signal have the same period; At the same time, the polarities of the first AC voltage signal and the second AC voltage signal are opposite; or the phases of the first AC voltage signal and the second AC voltage signal are staggered by 10% to 25% of their periods.

15. A display device, characterized in that: The display panel comprises the display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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