Stable soluble liquid formulation for insecticide

Abstract

The disclosure provides a stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation. The improved physical stability will allow spontaneous mixing and little to no sedimentation over time after dilution.

Description

STABLE SOLUBLE LIQUID FORMULATION FOR INSECTICIDECROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of, and priority from, U.S. provisional applications serial number 63 / 632,948, filed on April 11, 2024.FIELD OF THIS DISCLOSURE

[0002] The disclosure provides a stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation. The improved physical stability will allow spontaneous mixing and little to no sedimentation over time after dilution.BACKGROUND

[0003] The relatively high water solubility of an active ingredient makes the solvent based formulation type soluble liquid (SL) feasible. Initial probes on / V-[4-chloro-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-l,3- thiazol-5-yl]-A-ethyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)propanamide SL formulation exhibited non-spontaneous mixing and potential challenge for precipitation when dissolved into the tank for application.SUMMARY

[0004] Recognized herein is a need for a better stable insecticidal formulation. The subject matter provided herein provides a stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation. The improved physical stability will allow spontaneous mixing and little to no sedimentation over time after dilution.

[0005] An aspect of the disclosure provides a stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation to allow spontaneous mixing and little to no sedimentation over time after dilution. The stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation comprises (a) an active ingredient, (b) a nonionic surfactant comprising ethoxylates, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers, or polysorbates, (c) one or more solvent,where water solubility of the active ingredient (a) is from about 0.3 g / L to about 10 g / L at 25 °C, and (a) and (b) are present at a weight ratio of (a):(b) from about 1 : 10 to about 10: 1. In some embodiments, the active ingredient is A-[4-chloro-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-l,3-thiazol-5-yl]- / V-ethyl-3- (methylsulfonyl)propanamide. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the active ingredient from about 1% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the nonionic surfactant comprises butyl polyalkylene oxide block copolymer, ethyl hexanol ethoxylated propoxylated, tri styrylphenol ethylene oxide / propylene oxide (TSP EO / PO), tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, fatty alcohol alkoxylate, methyl-oxirane polymer with oxirane, octyl phenol ethoxylate, poloxamers, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, secondary alcohol ethoxylate, 2- ethyl hexanol EO / PO, fatty linear alcohol EO / PO, fatty alcohol Cl 2- 15 EO / PO, EO / PO block copolymer, alcohols C6-C12 and CIO-16 EO / PO, isotrideceth-5, isotrideceth-8, isotrideceth-15, sorbitan monooleate EO, or sorbitan monolaurate EO. In some embodiments, the surfactant is 1 - [2-[2-(3-methoxypropoxy)propoxy]ethoxy]butane. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation further comprises the nonionic surfactant from about 0.1% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the solvent comprises a polar solvent, a water-miscible solvent, or combination thereof. In some embodiments, the solvent comprises propylene carbonate, , / -dimethyl lactamide, acetophenone, benzyl acetate, gamma-butyrolactone, N- butylpyrrolidinone, cyclopentanone, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, dihydrolevoglucosenone, A, / -dimethyl 9-decenamide, dimethyl glutarate, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, 2-ethylhexanol, 2-ethylhexyl (S)-lactate, ethyl L-lactate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, formylmorpholine, 2-heptanone, methyl 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate, methyl salicylate, 2-methoxy-l -methylethyl acetate, phenoxyethanol, phenylmethanol, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, gamma-valerolactone, or combination thereof. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the solvent from 20% to 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation further comprises an adjuvant, an antifoam agent, or combination thereof.

[0006] An additional aspect of the disclosure provides a method of controlling sedimentation during dilution and sitting for an active ingredient comprising forming the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation before dilution by water.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING(S)

[0007] The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:

[0008] Fig. 1 shows controlling sedimentation of active ingredient by applying surfactant as illustrated in Example 2.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] While various embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed.

[0010] The use of the terms “a”, “an”, “the”, “at least one” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The use of the term “at least one” followed by a list of one or more items (for example, “at least one of A and B”) is to be construed to mean one item selected from the listed items (A or B) or any combination of two or more of the listed items (A and B), unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The term "about" when referring to a number or a numerical range means that the number or numerical range referred to is an approximation within experimental variability (or within statistical experimental error), and thus the number or numerical range, in some instances, will vary between 1% and 15% of the stated number or numerical range. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serveas a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.

[0011] The phrase “active ingredient” means a material having activity useful in controlling pests, and / or that is useful in helping other materials have better activity in controlling pests. Examples of such materials include, but are not limited to, acaricides, algicides, antifeedants, avicides, bactericides, bird repellents, chemosterilants, fungicides, herbicide safeners, herbicides, insect attractants, insect repellents, insecticides, mammal repellents, mating disrupters, molluscicides, nematicides, plant activators, plant growth regulators, rodenticides, synergists, and virucides (see alanwood.net).

[0012] Recognized herein is an ongoing need for a stable soluble liquid formulation. The subject matter provided herein provides a solution for diluting and little to no sedimentation over time of the formulation. For example, dilution with very little settlement of the concentrate would be expected when a farmer adds the formulation to the tank at the time of mixing. Further, little to no sedimentation of the formulation over time would be expected if the tank was allowed to sit overnight (18 hours).Water solubility

[0013] In one aspect, provided herein is a stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation comprising an active ingredient. Water solubility of insecticides may be classified as low (less than 0.01 grams per liter (g / L) or 10 parts per million (ppm)), moderate (0.01 to 1 g / L or 10 to 1,000 ppm), or high (more than 1 g / L or 1,000 ppm) at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is moderate or high.

[0014] In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation is from about 0.3 g / L to about 10 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 0.3 g / L to about 0.4 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 0.5 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 0.6 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 0.8 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 1.0 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 1.2 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 1.4 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 1.6 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 1.8 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 2.0 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 2.2 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 2.4 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 2.6 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 2.8 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 3.0 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 3.5 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 4.0 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 4.5 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 0.3 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 0.3 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 0.4 g / L to about 0.5 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 0.6 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 0.8 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 1 .0 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 1 .2 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 1 .4 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 1.6 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 1.8 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 2.0 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 2.2 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 2.4 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 2.6 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 2.8 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 3.0 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 3.5 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 4.0 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 4.5 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 0.4 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 0.4 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 0.5 g / L to about 0.6 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 0.8 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 1.0 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 1.2 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 1.4 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 1.6 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 1.8 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 2.0 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 2.2 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 2.4 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 2.6 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 2.8 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 3.0 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 3.5 g / L,from about 0.5 g / L to about 4.0 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 4.5 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 0.5 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 0.5 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 0.6 g / L to about 0.8 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 1.0 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 1.2 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 1.4 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 1.6 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 1.8 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 2.0 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 2.2 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 2.4 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 2.6 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 2.8 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 3.0 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 3.5 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 4.0 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 4.5 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 0.6 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 0.6 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 0.8 g / L to about 1.0 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 1.2 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 1.4 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 1 .6 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 1 .8 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 2.0 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 2.2 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 2.4 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 2.6 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 2.8 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 3.0 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 3.5 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 4.0 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 4.5 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 0.8 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 0.8 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 1.0 g / L to about 1.2 g / L, from about 1.0 g / L to about 1.4 g / L, from about 1.0 g / L to about 1.6 g / L, from about 1.0 g / L to about 1.8 g / L, from about 1.0 g / L to about 2.0 g / L, from about 1.0 g / L to about 2.2 g / L, from about 1.0 g / L to about 2.4 g / L, from about 1.0 g / L to about 2.6 g / L, from about 1.0 g / L to about 2.8 g / L, from about 1.0 g / L to about 3.0 g / L, from about 1.0 g / L to about 3.5 g / L, from about 1.0 g / L to about 4.0 g / L, from about 1.0 g / L to about 4.5 g / L, from about 1.0 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 1.0 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 1.0 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 1.0 g / L toabout 8.0 g / L, from about 1.0 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 1.0 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 1.2 g / L to about 1.4 g / L, from about 1.2 g / L to about 1.6 g / L, from about 1.2 g / L to about 1.8 g / L, from about 1.2 g / L to about 2.0 g / L, from about 1.2 g / L to about 2.2 g / L, from about 1.2 g / L to about 2.4 g / L, from about 1.2 g / L to about 2.6 g / L, from about 1.2 g / L to about 2.8 g / L, from about 1.2 g / L to about 3.0 g / L, from about 1.2 g / L to about 3.5 g / L, from about 1.2 g / L to about 4.0 g / L, from about 1.2 g / L to about 4.5 g / L, from about 1.2 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 1.2 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 1.2 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 1.2 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 1.2 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, from about 1.2 g / L to about 10.0 g / L 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 1.4 g / L to about 1.6 g / L, from about 1.4 g / L to about 1.8 g / L, from about 1.4 g / L to about 2.0 g / L, from about 1.4 g / L to about 2.2 g / L, from about 1.4 g / L to about 2.4 g / L, from about 1.4 g / L to about 2.6 g / L, from about 1.4 g / L to about 2.8 g / L, from about 1.4 g / L to about 3.0 g / L, from about 1.4 g / L to about 3.5 g / L, from about 1.4 g / L to about 4.0 g / L, from about 1.4 g / L to about 4.5 g / L, from about 1.4 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 1.4 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 1 .4 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 1 .4 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 1.4 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 1.4 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 1.6 g / L to about 1.8 g / L, from about 1.6 g / L to about 2.0 g / L, from about 1.6 g / L to about 2.2 g / L, from about 1.6 g / L to about 2.4 g / L, from about 1.6 g / L to about 2.6 g / L, from about 1.6 g / L to about 2.8 g / L, from about 1.6 g / L to about 3.0 g / L, from about 1.6 g / L to about 3.5 g / L, from about 1.6 g / L to about 4.0 g / L, from about 1.6 g / L to about 4.5 g / L, from about 1.6 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 1.6 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 1.6 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 1.6 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 1.6 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 1.6 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 1.8 g / L to about 2.0 g / L, from about 1.8 g / L to about 2.2 g / L, from about 1.8 g / L to about 2.4 g / L, from about 1.8 g / L to about 2.6 g / L, from about 1.8 g / L to about 2.8 g / L, from about 1.8 g / L to about 3.0 g / L, from about 1.8 g / L to about 3.5 g / L, from about 1.8 g / L to about 4.0 g / L, from about 1.8 g / L to about 4.5 g / L, from about 1.8g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 1.8 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 1.8 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 1.8 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 1.8 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 1.8 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 2.0 g / L to about 2.2 g / L, from about 2.0 g / L to about 2.4 g / L, from about 2.0 g / L to about 2.6 g / L, from about 2.0 g / L to about 2.8 g / L, from about 2.0 g / L to about 3.0 g / L, from about 2.0 g / L to about 3.5 g / L, from about 2.0 g / L to about 4.0 g / L, from about 2.0 g / L to about 4.5 g / L, from about 2.0 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 2.0 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 2.0 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 2.0 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 2.0 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 2.0 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 2.2 g / L to about 2.4 g / L, from about 2.2 g / L to about 2.6 g / L, from about 2.2 g / L to about 2.8 g / L, from about 2.2 g / L to about 3.0 g / L, from about 2.2 g / L to about 3.5 g / L, from about 2.2 g / L to about 4.0 g / L, from about 2.2 g / L to about 4.5 g / L, from about 2.2 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 2.2 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 2.2 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 2.2 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 2.2 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 2.2 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 2.4 g / L to about 2.6 g / L, from about 2.4 g / L to about 2.8 g / L, from about 2.4 g / L to about 3.0 g / L, from about 2.4 g / L to about 3.5 g / L, from about 2.4 g / L to about 4.0 g / L, from about 2.4 g / L to about 4.5 g / L, from about 2.4 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 2.4 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 2.4 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 2.4 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 2.4 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 2.4 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 2.6 g / L to about 2.8 g / L, from about 2.6 g / L to about 3.0 g / L, from about 2.6 g / L to about 3.5 g / L, from about 2.6 g / L to about 4.0 g / L, from about 2.6 g / L to about 4.5 g / L, from about 2.6 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 2.6 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 2.6 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 2.6 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 2.6 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 2.6 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 2.8 g / L to about 3.0 g / L, from about 2.8 g / L to about 3.5 g / L, from about 2.8 g / L to about 4.0 g / L, from about 2.8 g / L toabout 4.5 g / L, from about 2.8 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 2.8 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 2.8 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 2.8 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 2.8 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 2.8 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 3.0 g / L to about3.5 g / L, from about 3.0 g / L to about 4.0 g / L, from about 3.0 g / L to about 4.5 g / L, from about 3.0 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 3.0 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 3.0 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 3.0 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 3.0 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 3.0 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 3.5 g / L to about 4.0 g / L, from about 3.5 g / L to about 4.5 g / L, from about 3.5 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 3.5 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 3.5 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 3.5 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 3.5 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 3.5 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 4.0 g / L to about4.5 g / L, from about 4.0 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 4.0 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 4.0 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 4.0 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 4.0 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 4.0 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 4.5 g / L to about 5.0 g / L, from about 4.5 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 4.5 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 4.5 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 4.5 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 4.5 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 5.0 g / L to about 6.0 g / L, from about 5.0 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 5.0 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 5.0 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 5.0 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 6.0 g / L to about 7.0 g / L, from about 6.0 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 6.0 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 6.0 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 7.0 g / L to about 8.0 g / L, from about 7.0 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, or from about 7.0 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 8.0 g / L to about 9.0 g / L, orfrom about 8.0 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C. In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is from about 9.0 g / L to about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C.

[0015] In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation is at most about 10.0 g / L, at most about 9.0 g / L, at most about 8.0 g / L, at most about 7.0 g / L, at most about 6.0 g / L, at most about 5.0 g / L, at most about 4.5 g / L, at most about 4.0 g / L, at most about 3.5 g / L, at most about 3.0 g / L, at most about 2.8 g / L, at most about 2.6 g / L, at most about 2.4 g / L, at most about 2.2 g / L, at most about 2.0 g / L, at most about 1.8 g / L, at most about 1.6 g / L, at most about 1.4 g / L, at most about 1.2 g / L, at most about 1.0 g / L, at most about 0.8 g / L, at most about 0.6 g / L, at most about 0.5 g / L, at most about 0.4 g / L, or at most about 0.3 g / L at 25 °C.

[0016] In some embodiments, water solubility of the active ingredient in the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation is about 0.3 g / L, about 0.4 g / L, about 0.5 g / L, about 0.6 g / L, about 0.8 g / L, about 1.0 g / L, about 1.2 g / L, about 1.4 g / L, about 1.6 g / L, about 1.8 g / L, about 2.0 g / L, about 2.2 g / L, about 2.4 g / L, about 2.6 g / L, about 2.8 g / L, about 3.0 g / L, about 3.5 g / L, about 4.0 g / L, about 4.5 g / L, about 5.0 g / L, about 6.0 g / L, about 7.0 g / L, about 8.0 g / L, about 9.0 g / L, about 10.0 g / L at 25 °C.Active ingredients

[0017] In one aspect, provided herein is a stable soluble liquid insecticidal formulation comprising (a) an active ingredient. In some embodiments, the active ingredient may be selected from the class of acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) inhibitors (IRAC Group 1, htl| sy / ixaC" In some embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the class of carbamates(IRAC Group 1A) comprising alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, xmc, or xylylcarb. In some embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the class of organophosphates (IRAC Group IB) comprising acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos (DDVP), dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, famphur, fenamiphos, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, malathion, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, phenthoate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propetamphos, pyridaphenthion, terbufos, thiometon, trichlorfon, or vamidothion.

[0018] In some embodiments, the active ingredient may be selected from the class of sodium channel modulators (IRAC Group 3). In some embodiments, the active ingredient may be selected from the class of pyrethroids and pyrethrins (IRAC Group 3A). In some embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the class of sodium channel modulators comprising bifenthrin.

[0019] In some embodiments, the active ingredient may be selected from the class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators (IRAC Group 4). In some embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators class of neonicotinoids (Group 4A) comprising acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, or thiamethoxam. In some embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators class of nicotine (Group 4B) comprising nicotine. In some embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators class of the sulfoximines (Group 4C) comprising sulfoxaflor. In some embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators class of the butenolides (Group 4D) comprising flupyradifurone.

[0020] In some embodiments, the active ingredient may be selected from the class of miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors (IRAC Group 8). In some embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the class of alkyl halides (IRAC Group 8A) comprising methyl bromide or 1,3-dichloropropene. In some embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the class of chloropicrin (IRAC Group 8B) comprising chloropicrin. In some embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the class of fluorides (IRAC Group 8C) comprising cryolite or sulfuryl fluoride. In some embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the class of borates (IRAC Group 8D) comprising borax, boric acid, disodium octaborate, sodium borate, or sodiummetaborate. In some embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the class of tartar emetic (IRAC Group 8E) comprising tartar emetic. In some embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the class of methyl isothiocyanate generators (IRAC Group 8F) comprising dazomet, metam, or methyl isothiocyanate.

[0021] In some embodiments, the active ingredient may be selected from the class of chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators (IRAC Group 9). In some embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the class of pyridine azomethine derivatives (IRAC Group 9B) comprising pymetrozine.

[0022] In some embodiments, the active ingredient may be selected from the class of mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors (IRAC Group 24). In some embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the class of phosphides (IRAC Group 24A) comprising phosphine, or zinc phosphide. In some embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the class of cyanides (IRAC Group 24B) comprising calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide, or sodium cyanide.

[0023] In some embodiments, the active ingredient may be selected from the class of chordotonal organ nicotinamidase inhibitors (IRAC Group 29) comprising flonicamid.

[0024] In some embodiemnts, the active ingredient may be selected from the group comprising acetamiprid, acetoprole, avermectin, emamectin benzoate, ethiprole, or thiacloprid.

[0025] In some embodiments, the active ingredient (a) is selected from the group comprising aldicarb, acetamiprid, butoxycarboxim, carbofura, ethiofencarb, metolcarb, pirimicarb, propoxur, azamethiphos, heptenophos, naled, demeton-S-methyl, dimethoate, / V-[4-chloro-2-(pyridin-3-yl)- l,3-thiazol-5-yl]-A-ethyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)propanamide, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, flupyradifurone, methyl bromide, 1,3 -di chloropropene, chloropicrin, sulfuryl fluoride, methyl isothiocyanate, or flonicamid.

[0026] In one aspect, provided herein is the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation comprising the active ingredient (a) from about 1% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 1% to about 2%, from about 1% to about 3%, from about 1% to about 4%, from about 1% to about 5%, from about 1% to about 6%, from about 1% to about 7%, from about 1% to about 8%, fromabout 1% to about 9%, from about 1% to about 10%, from about 1% to about 11%, from about 1% to about 12%, from about 1% to about 13%, from about 1% to about 14%, from about 1% to about 15%, from about 1% to about 16%, from about 1% to about 17%, from about 1% to about 18%, from about 1% to about 19%, from about 1% to about 20%, from about 1% to about 21%, from about 1% to about 22%, from about 1% to about 23%, from about 1% to about 24%, from about 1% to about 25%, from about 1% to about 26%, from about 1% to about 27%, from about 1% to about 28%, from about 1% to about 29%, or from about 1% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 2% to about 3%, from about 2% to about 4%, from about 2% to about 5%, from about 2% to about 6%, from about 2% to about 7%, from about 2% to about 8%, from about 2% to about 9%, from about 2% to about 10%, from about 2% to about 11%, from about 2% to about 12%, from about 2% to about 13%, from about 2% to about 14%, from about 2% to about 15%, from about 2% to about 16%, from about 2% to about 17%, from about 2% to about 18%, from about 2% to about 19%, from about 2% to about 20%, from about 2% to about 21%, from about 2% to about 22%, from about 2% to about 23%, from about 2% to about 24%, from about 2% to about 25%, from about 2% to about 26%, from about 2% to about 27%, from about 2% to about 28%, from about 2% to about 29%, or from about 2% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 3% to about 4%, from about 3% to about 5%, from about 3% to about 6%, from about 3% to about 7%, from about 3% to about 8%, from about 3% to about 9%, from about 3% to about 10%, from about 3% to about 11%, from about 3% to about 12%, from about 3% to about 13%, from about 3% to about 14%, from about 3% to about 15%, from about 3% to about 16%, from about 3% to about 17%, from about 3% to about 18%, from about 3% to about 19%, from about 3% to about 20%, from about 3% to about 21%, from about 3% to about 22%, from about 3% to about 23%, from about 3% to about 24%, from about 3% to about 25%, from about 3% to about 26%, from about 3% to about 27%, from about 3% to about 28%, from about 3% to about 29%, or from about 3% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 4% to about 5%, from about 4% to about 6%, from about 4% to about 7%, from about 4% to about 8%, from about 4% to about 9%, from about 4% to about 10%, from about4% to about 11%, from about 4% to about 12%, from about 4% to about 13%, from about 4% to about 14%, from about 4% to about 15%, from about 4% to about 16%, from about 4% to about 17%, from about 4% to about 18%, from about 4% to about 19%, from about 4% to about 20%, from about 4% to about 21%, from about 4% to about 22%, from about 4% to about 23%, from about 4% to about 24%, from about 4% to about 25%, from about 4% to about 26%, from about 4% to about 27%, from about 4% to about 28%, from about 4% to about 29%, or from about 4% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 5% to about 6%, from about 5% to about 7%, from about 5% to about 8%, from about 5% to about 9%, from about 5% to about 10%, from about 5% to about 11%, from about 5% to about 12%, from about 5% to about 13%, from about 5% to about 14%, from about 5% to about 15%, from about 5% to about 16%, from about 5% to about 17%, from about 5% to about 18%, from about 5% to about 19%, from about 5% to about 20%, from about 5% to about 21%, from about 5% to about 22%, from about 5% to about 23%, from about 5% to about 24%, from about 5% to about 25%, from about 5% to about 26%, from about 5% to about 27%, from about 5% to about 28%, from about 5% to about 29%, or from about 5% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 6% to about 7%, from about 6% to about 8%, from about 6% to about 9%, from about 6% to about 10%, from about 6% to about 11%, from about 6% to about 12%, from about 6% to about 13%, from about 6% to about 14%, from about 6% to about 15%, from about 6% to about 16%, from about 6% to about 17%, from about 6% to about 18%, from about 6% to about 19%, from about 6% to about 20%, from about 6% to about 21%, from about 6% to about 22%, from about 6% to about 23%, from about 6% to about 24%, from about 6% to about 25%, from about 6% to about 26%, from about 6% to about 27%, from about 6% to about 28%, from about 6% to about 29%, or from about 6% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 7% to about 8%, from about 7% to about 9%, from about 7% to about 10%, from about 7% to about 11%, from about 7% to about 12%, from about 7% to about 13%, from about 7% to about 14%, from about 7% to about 15%, from about 7% to about 16%, from about 7% to about 17%, from about 7% to about 18%, from about 7% to about 19%, from about 7% to about 20%, from about 7% to about 21%, from about7% to about 22%, from about 7% to about 23%, from about 7% to about 24%, from about 7% to about 25%, from about 7% to about 26%, from about 7% to about 27%, from about 7% to about 28%, from about 7% to about 29%, or from about 7% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 8% to about 9%, from about 8% to about 10%, from about 8% to about 11%, from about 8% to about 12%, from about 8% to about 13%, from about 8% to about 14%, from about 8% to about 15%, from about 8% to about 16%, from about 8% to about 17%, from about 8% to about 18%, from about 8% to about 19%, from about 8% to about 20%, from about 8% to about 21%, from about 8% to about 22%, from about 8% to about 23%, from about 8% to about 24%, from about 8% to about 25%, from about 8% to about 26%, from about 8% to about 27%, from about 8% to about 28%, from about 8% to about 29%, or from about 8% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 9% to about 10%, from about 9% to about 11%, from about 9% to about 12%, from about 9% to about 13%, from about 9% to about 14%, from about 9% to about 15%, from about 9% to about 16%, from about 9% to about 17%, from about 9% to about 18%, from about 9% to about 19%, from about 9% to about 20%, from about 9% to about 21%, from about 9% to about 22%, from about 9% to about 23%, from about 9% to about 24%, from about 9% to about 25%, from about 9% to about 26%, from about 9% to about 27%, from about 9% to about 28%, from about 9% to about 29%, or from about 9% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 10% to about 11%, from about 10% to about 12%, from about 10% to about 13%, from about 10% to about 14%, from about 10% to about 15%, from about 10% to about 16%, from about 10% to about 17%, from about 10% to about 18%, from about 10% to about 19%, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 10% to about 21%, from about 10% to about 22%, from about 10% to about 23%, from about 10% to about 24%, from about 10% to about 25%, from about 10% to about 26%, from about 10% to about 27%, from about 10% to about 28%, from about 10% to about 29%, or from about 10% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 11% to about 12%, from about 11% to about 13%, from about 11% to about 14%, from about 11% to about 15%, from about 11% to about 16%, from about 11% toabout 17%, from about 11% to about 18%, from about 11% to about 19%, from about 11% to about 20%, from about 11% to about 21%, from about 11% to about 22%, from about 11% to about 23%, from about 11% to about 24%, from about 11% to about 25%, from about 11% to about 26%, from about 11% to about 27%, from about 11% to about 28%, from about 11% to about 29%, or from about 11% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 12% to about 13%, from about 12% to about 14%, from about 12% to about 15%, from about 12% to about 16%, from about 12% to about 17%, from about 12% to about 18%, from about 12% to about 19%, from about 12% to about 20%, from about 12% to about 21%, from about 12% to about 22%, from about 12% to about 23%, from about 12% to about 24%, from about 12% to about 25%, from about 12% to about 26%, from about 12% to about 27%, from about 12% to about 28%, from about 12% to about 29%, or from about 12% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 13% to about 14%, from about 13% to about 15%, from about 13% to about 16%, from about 13% to about 17%, from about 13% to about 18%, from about 13% to about 19%, from about 13% to about 20%, from about 13% to about 21%, from about 13% to about 22%, from about 13% to about 23%, from about 13% to about 24%, from about 13% to about 25%, from about 13% to about 26%, from about 13% to about 27%, from about 13% to about 28%, from about 13% to about 29%, or from about 13% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 14% to about 15%, from about 14% to about 16%, from about 14% to about 17%, from about 14% to about 18%, from about 14% to about 19%, from about 14% to about 20%, from about 14% to about 21%, from about 14% to about 22%, from about 14% to about 23%, from about 14% to about 24%, from about 14% to about 25%, from about 14% to about 26%, from about 14% to about 27%, from about 14% to about 28%, from about 14% to about 29%, or from about 14% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 15% to about 16%, from about 15% to about 17%, from about 15% to about 18%, from about 15% to about 19%, from about 15% to about 20%, from about 15% to about 21%, from about 15% to about 22%, from about 15% to about 23%, from about 15% to about 24%, from about 15% to about 25%, from about 15% toabout 26%, from about 15% to about 27%, from about 15% to about 28%, from about 15% to about 29%, or from about 15% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 16% to about 17%, from about 16% to about 18%, from about 16% to about 19%, from about 16% to about 20%, from about 16% to about 21%, from about 16% to about 22%, from about 16% to about 23%, from about 16% to about 24%, from about 16% to about 25%, from about 16% to about 26%, from about 16% to about 27%, from about 16% to about 28%, from about 16% to about 29%, or from about 16% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 17% to about 18%, from about 17% to about 19%, from about 17% to about 20%, from about 17% to about 21%, from about 17% to about 22%, from about 17% to about 23%, from about 17% to about 24%, from about 17% to about 25%, from about 17% to about 26%, from about 17% to about 27%, from about 17% to about 28%, from about 17% to about 29%, or from about 17% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 18% to about 19%, from about 18% to about 20%, from about 18% to about 21%, from about 18% to about 22%, from about 18% to about 23%, from about 18% to about 24%, from about 18% to about 25%, from about 18% to about 26%, from about 18% to about 27%, from about 18% to about 28%, from about 18% to about 29%, or from about 18% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 19% to about 20%, from about 19% to about 21%, from about 19% to about 22%, from about 19% to about 23%, from about 19% to about 24%, from about 19% to about 25%, from about 19% to about 26%, from about 19% to about 27%, from about 19% to about 28%, from about 19% to about 29%, or from about 19% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 20% to about 21%, from about 20% to about 22%, from about 20% to about 23%, from about 20% to about 24%, from about 20% to about 25%, from about 20% to about 26%, from about 20% to about 27%, from about 20% to about 28%, from about 20% to about 29%, or from about 20% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 21% to about 22%, from about 21% to about 23%, from about 21% to about 24%, from about 21% to about 25%, from about 21% toabout 26%, from about 21% to about 27%, from about 21% to about 28%, from about 21% to about 29%, or from about 21% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 22% to about 23%, from about 22% to about 24%, from about 22% to about 25%, from about 22% to about 26%, from about 22% to about 27%, from about 22% to about 28%, from about 22% to about 29%, or from about 22% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 23% to about 24%, from about 23% to about 25%, from about 23% to about 26%, from about 23% to about 27%, from about 23% to about 28%, from about 23% to about 29%, or from about 23% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 24% to about 25%, from about 24% to about 26%, from about 24% to about 27%, from about 24% to about 28%, from about 24% to about 29%, or from about 24% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 25% to about 26%, from about 25% to about 27%, from about 25% to about 28%, from about 25% to about 29%, or from about 25% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 26% to about 27%, from about 26% to about 28%, from about 26% to about 29%, or from about 26% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 27% to about 28%, from about 27% to about 29%, or from about 27% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 28% to about 29%, or from about 28% to about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) from about 29% to about 30% by weight.

[0027] In some embodiments, the stable soluble liquid (SL) formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, or about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) at least about 1%, at least about 2%, at least about 3%, at least about 4%, at least about 5%, at least about 6%,at least about 7%, at least about 8%, at least about 9%, at least about 10%, at least about 11%, at least about 12%, at least about 13%, at least about 14%, at least about 15%, at least about 16%, at least about 17%, at least about 18%, at least about 19%, at least about 20%, at least about 21%, at least about 22%, at least about 23%, at least about 24%, at least about 25%, at least about 26%, at least about 27%, at least about 28%, at least about 29%, or at least about 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL formulation comprises the active ingredient (a) at most about 30%, at most about 29%, at most about 28%, at most about 27%, at most about 26%, at most about 25%, at most about 24%, at most about 23%, at most about 22%, at most about 21%, at most about 20%, at most about 19%, at most about 18%, at most about 17%, at most about 16%, at most about 15%, at most about 14%, at most about 13%, at most about 12%, at most about 11%, at most about 10%, at most about 9%, at most about 8%, at most about 7%, at most about 6%, at most about 5%, at most about 4%, at most about 3%, at most about 2%, or at most about 1% by weight.Surfactant

[0028] In one aspect, provided herein is a stable soluble liquid insecticidal formulation comprising a surfactant. Surfactants may comprise at least one lyophilic (solvent-attract) group and one lyophobic(solvent-repellent) group in the molecule. In water or aqueous solution, the hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups in surfactant may be used to decrease the surface tension or interfacial tension between two liquids, a liquid and a gas, or a liquid and a solid.

[0029] Surfactants may contain hydrophilic "heads" and hydrophobic "tails" in structures. Surfactant molecules will migrate to air / water and solid / water interfaces and orientate in such a fashion as to minimize the contact between their hydrophobic groups and the water. This process is referred to as adsorption. An alternative way of limiting the contact between the hydrophobic groups and the water is for the surfactant molecules to aggregate in the bulk solution with the hydrophilic head groups oriented towards the aqueous phase. These aggregates of surfactant molecules vary in shape depending on concentration and range in shape from spherical to cylindrical to lamellar (sheets / layers). The aggregation process is called micellization and theaggregates are known as micelles. Micelles begin to form at a distinct and frequently very low concentration known as the critical micelle concentration (CMC).

[0030] The hydrophilic head of many surfactants comprises acetylenic, amino carboxylate, amine oxide, ammonium, carboxylate, diethanolamine, ether carboxylate, ether phosphate, ethoxylate, monoethanolamide, polyglucoside, sulfate, or sulfonate groups. The hydrophobic tails of most surfactants may comprise hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon or siloxane chains, which may be branched, linear, or aromatic. Non-limiting examples of hydrophobic groups include alkylbenzene, linear or branched alkyl, branched alkyl phenyl, polyoxypropylene, and polysiloxane. In some embodiments, the surfactant in the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation provided herein may have one or two tails. In some embodiments, the surfactant in the stable SL insecticidal formulation provided herein may have a polyether chain terminating in a polar group to increase the hydrophilic character. In some embodiments, the surfactant in the stable SL insecticidal formulation provided herein may have polypropylene oxides inserted to increase the lipophilic character.

[0031] The hydrophilic heads of surfactants are polar and may carry a negative or positive charge, both positive and negative charge or no charge at all. Generally, surfactants are classified according to the composition of their heads: anionic, cationic, amphoteric, or non-ionic.

[0032] Anionic surfactants carry a net negative charge on the hydrophilic head and may generate significant foaming in solutions above their critical micelle concentration (CMC), which may be a desirable attribute in most cleansing applications. Anionic surfactants may contain anionic polar functional groups at their head, comprising sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate ester, carboxylates, soaps, isethionates, or taurates. Non-limiting examples of sulfate anionic surfactants include alkyl sulfates, like ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), alkyl-ether sulfates, like sodium laureth sulfate (sodium lauryl ether sulfate or SLES), and sodium myreth sulfate. Non-limiting examples of sulfonate anionic surfactants include alkylbenzene sulfonates, a-olefin sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, sulfonated methyl esters, sulfonated fatty acids and sulfosuccinates. Other example anionic surfactants may include alkyl-aryl ether phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, sodium stearate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, soap, ether carboxylates, alkyl phthalamates, taurates, isethionates,carboxylate-based fluorosurfactants, such as perfluorononanoate (PFOA), or perfluorooctanoate (PFO).

[0033] Cationic surfactants carry a net positive charge on the hydrophilic head and may be widely applied as the active ingredient in fabric softeners. Cationic surfactants may contain cationic functional groups at their head, including quaternary ammonium salts and pH-dependent primary, secondary, or tertiary amines. Nonlimiting examples of cationic surfactants may include cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), benzalkonium chloride (BAC), benzethonium chloride (BZT), dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride, dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB), or octenidine dihydrochloride.

[0034] Amphoteric (or zwitterionic) surfactants have both cationic and anionic centers attached to the hydrophilic groups in the same molecule and may allow to both donate and accept protons. Amphoteric surfactants may behave as either an acid or a base, depending on the pH of the solution. The hydrophilic groups may change between anionic properties, the isoelectric neutral stage, and the cationic properties depending on the pH value. The cationic part may be formed by primary, secondary, or tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium cations. The anionic part may be variable and include sulfonates, as in the sultaines CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-! -propanesulfonate) and cocamidopropyl hydroxy sultaine. Nonlimiting examples of amphoteric hydrophilic groups include amino acids, bicarbonate, dihydrogen phosphate, hydrogensulfate, or cocamidopropyl betaine. Nonlimiting examples of amphoteric hydrophobic groups include aminopropionates, iminodipropionates, imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants, betaine surfactants, phospholipids phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelins, lauryldimethylamine oxide or myristamine oxide.

[0035] Nonionic surfactants are neutral and do not have charge in their molecular structure of the hydrophilic head. Nonionic surfactants may have covalently bonded oxygen-containing hydrophilic groups, which may form hydrogen bonds with water. In some embodiments, the surfactant in the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation provided herein is nonionic. In some embodiments, the nonionic surfactant in the stable SL insecticidal formulation provided herein comprises ethoxylates, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, 2-ethyl hexanol ethyleneoxide / propylene oxide (EO / PO), fatty linear alcohol EO / PO, fatty alcohol C12-15 EO / PO, EO / PO block copolymer, alcohols C6-C12 and Cl 0-16 EO / PO, alkyl phenol ethoxylates (APEs or APEOs), fatty acid ethoxylates, ethoxylated fatty esters and oils, amine ethoxylates, fatty acid amides, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers, fatty acid esters of polyhydroxy compounds, fatty acid esters of glycerol, fatty acid esters of sorbitol, fatty acid esters of sucrose, or alkyl poly-glucosides.

[0036] In some embodiments, the nonionic surfactant in the stable SL insecticidal formulation provided herein comprises tri styryl phenol ethylene oxide / propylene oxide (TSP EO / PO), tri styrylphenol ethoxylates, butyl polyalkylene oxide block copolymer, l-[2-[2-(3- methoxypropoxy)propoxy]ethoxy]butane, ethyl hexanol ethoxylated propoxylated, fatty alcohol alkoxylate, narrow-range ethoxylates (NREs), octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E8), pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E5), secondary alcohol ethoxylate, nonoxynols (nonaethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol nonyl phenyl ether), nonylphenol ethoxylates, octyl phenol ethoxylate, 2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethanol, lauric acid ethoxylate, stearic acid ethoxylate, oleic acid ethoxylate, palmitic acid ethoxylate, coconut fatty acid ethoxylate, ethoxylated stearyl stearate, ethoxylated castor oil, polyethoxylated tallow amine, cocamide monoethanolamine, cocamide diethanolamine, poloxamers, ethylene glycol, glycerol, glycerol monostearate, methyl-oxirane polymer with oxirane, monolaurin, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tristearate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80, decyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside, or octyl glucoside.

[0037] In one aspect, provided herein is the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation comprising the active ingredient (a) and the nonionic surfactant (b) at a weight ratio of (a):(b) from about 1 : 10 to about 10: 1. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of (a):(b) in the stable SL insecticidal formulation is about 1 : 10, about 1 :9, about 1 :8, about 1 :7, about 1 :6, about 1 :5, about 1 :4, about 1 :3, about 1:2, about 1 :1, about 2:9, about 2:7, about 2:5, about 2:3, about 2: 1, about 3:10, about 3:8, about 3:7, about 3:5, about 3:4, about 3:2, about 3:l, about 4:9, about 4:7, about 4:5, about 4:3, about 4:1, about 5:9, about 5:8, about 5:7, about 5:6, about 5:4, about 5:3, about 5:2, about 5: 1, about 6:7, about 6:5, about 6:1, about 7: 10, about 7:9, about 7:8, about 7:6, about 7:5, about 7:4, about 7:3, about 7:2, about 7:1, about 8:9, about 8:7, about 8:5, about8:3, about 8: 1, about 9: 10, about 9:8, about 9:7, about 9:5, about 9:4, about 9:2, about 9: 1, about 10:9, about 10:7, about 10:3, or about 10: 1.

[0038] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of (a):(b) in the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation is at least about 1 : 10, at least about 1 :9, at least about 1 :8, at least about 1 :7, at least about 1 :6, at least about 1 :5, at least about 1 :4, at least about 1 :3, at least about 1 :2, at least about 1 : 1, at least about 2:9, at least about 2:7, at least about 2:5, at least about 2:3, at least about 2: 1, at least about 3 : 10, at least about 3 :8, at least about 3 :7, at least about 3 :5, at least about 3 :4, at least about 3 :2, at least about 3 : 1, at least about 4:9, at least about 4:7, at least about 4:5, at least about 4:3, at least about 4: 1, at least about 5:9, at least about 5:8, at least about 5:7, at least about 5:6, at least about 5:4, at least about 5:3, at least about 5:2, at least about 5: 1, at least about 6:7, at least about 6:5, at least about 6: 1, at least about 7:10, at least about 7:9, at least about 7:8, at least about 7:6, at least about 7:5, at least about 7:4, at least about 7:3, at least about 7:2, at least about 7: 1, at least about 8:9, at least about 8:7, at least about 8:5, at least about 8:3, at least about 8: 1, at least about 9: 10, at least about 9:8, at least about 9:7, at least about 9:5, at least about 9:4, at least about 9:2, at least about 9:1, at least about 10:9, at least about 10:7, at least about 10:3, or at least about 10: 1.

[0039] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of (a):(b) in the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation is at most about 1 : 10, at most about 1 :9, at most about 1 :8, at most about 1 :7, at most about 1 :6, at most about 1 :5, at most about 1 :4, at most about 1 :3, at most about 1 :2, at most about 1 : 1, at most about 2:9, at most about 2:7, at most about 2:5, at most about 2:3, at most about 2: 1, at most about 3: 10, at most about 3 :8, at most about 3:7, at most about 3 :5, at most about 3 :4, at most about 3:2, at most about 3 : 1, at most about 4:9, at most about 4:7, at most about 4:5, at most about 4:3, at most about 4: 1, at most about 5:9, at most about 5:8, at most about 5:7, at most about 5:6, at most about 5:4, at most about 5:3, at most about 5:2, at most about 5: 1, at most about 6:7, at most about 6:5, at most about 6: 1, at most about 7:10, at most about 7:9, at most about 7:8, at most about 7:6, at most about 7:5, at most about 7:4, at most about 7:3, at most about 7:2, at most about 7: 1, at most about 8:9, at most about 8:7, at most about 8:5, at most about 8:3, at most about 8: 1, at most about 9: 10, at most about 9:8, atmost about 9:7, at most about 9:5, at most about 9:4, at most about 9:2, at most about 9:1, at most about 10:9, at most about 10:7, at most about 10:3, or at most about 10: 1.

[0040] In one aspect, provided herein is the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation comprising the surfactant from about 0.1% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 0.1% to about 0.3%, from about 0.1% to about 0.5%, from about 0.1% to about 1.0%, from about 0.1% to about 1.5%, from about 0.1% to about 2.0%, from about 0.1% to about 2.5%, from about 0.1% to about 3.0%, from about 0.1% to about 4.0%, from about 0.1% to about 5.0%, from about 0.1% to about 6.0%, from about 0.1% to about 7.0%, from about 0.1% to about 8.0%, from about 0.1% to about 9.0%, from about 0.1% to about 10.0%, from about 0.1% to about 12.0%, from about 0.1% to about 14.0%, from about 0.1% to about 16.0%, from about 0.1% to about 18.0%, from about 0.1% to about 20.0%, from about 0.1% to about 25.0%, from about 0.1% to about 30.0%, or from about 0.1% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 0.3% to about 0.5%, from about 0.3% to about 1.0%, from about 0.3% to about 1.5%, from about 0.3% to about 2.0%, from about 0.3% to about2.5%, from about 0.3% to about 3.0%, from about 0.3% to about 4.0%, from about 0.3% to about5.0%, from about 0.3% to about 6.0%, from about 0.3% to about 7.0%, from about 0.3% to about8.0%, from about 0.3% to about 9.0%, from about 0.3% to about 10.0%, from about 0.3% to about 12.0%, from about 0.3% to about 14.0%, from about 0.3% to about 16.0%, from about 0.3% to about 18.0%, from about 0.3% to about 20.0%, from about 0.3% to about 25.0%, from about 0.3% to about 30.0%, or from about 0.3% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 0.5% to about 1.0%, from about 0.5% to about 1.5%, from about 0.5% to about 2.0%, from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, from about 0.5% to about 3.0%, from about 0.5% to about 4.0%, from about 0.5% to about 5.0%, from about 0.5% to about 6.0%, from about 0.5% to about 7.0%, from about 0.5% to about 8.0%, from about 0.5% to about 9.0%, from about 0.5% to about 10.0%, from about 0.5% to about 12.0%, from about 0.5% to about 14.0%, from about 0.5% to about 16.0%, from about 0.5% to about 18.0%, from about 0.5% to about 20.0%, from about 0.5% to about 25.0%, from about 0.5% to about 30.0%, or from about 0.5% to about 35.0% by weight. In someembodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 1.0% to about 1.5%, from about 1.0% to about 2.0%, from about 1.0% to about 2.5%, from about 1.0% to about 3.0%, from about 1.0% to about 4.0%, from about 1.0% to about 5.0%, from about 1.0% to about 6.0%, from about 1.0% to about 7.0%, from about 1.0% to about 8.0%, from about 1.0% to about 9.0%, from about 1.0% to about 10.0%, from about 1.0% to about 12.0%, from about 1.0% to about 14.0%, from about 1.0% to about 16.0%, from about 1.0% to about 18.0%, from about 1.0% to about 20.0%, from about 1.0% to about 25.0%, from about 1.0% to about 30.0%, or from about 1.0% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 1.5% to about 2.0%, from about 1.5% to about 2.5%, from about 1.5% to about 3.0%, from about 1.5% to about 4.0%, from about 1.5% to about5.0%, from about 1.5% to about 6.0%, from about 1.5% to about 7.0%, from about 1.5% to about8.0%, from about 1.5% to about 9.0%, from about 1.5% to about 10.0%, from about 1.5% to about 12.0%, from about 1.5% to about 14.0%, from about 1.5% to about 16.0%, from about 1.5% to about 18.0%, from about 1.5% to about 20.0%, from about 1.5% to about 25.0%, from about 1.5% to about 30.0%, or from about 1.5% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 2.0% to about 2.5%, from about 2.0% to about 3.0%, from about 2.0% to about 4.0%, from about 2.0% to about 5.0%, from about 2.0% to about 6.0%, from about 2.0% to about 7.0%, from about 2.0% to about 8.0%, from about 2.0% to about 9.0%, from about 2.0% to about 10.0%, from about 2.0% to about 12.0%, from about 2.0% to about 14.0%, from about 2.0% to about 16.0%, from about 2.0% to about 18.0%, from about 2.0% to about 20.0%, from about 2.0% to about 25.0%, from about 2.0% to about 30.0%, or from about 2.0% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 2.5% to about 3.0%, from about 2.5% to about 4.0%, from about 2.5% to about 5.0%, from about 2.5% to about 6.0%, from about 2.5% to about 7.0%, from about 2.5% to about 8.0%, from about 2.5% to about 9.0%, from about 2.5% to about 10.0%, from about 2.5% to about 12.0%, from about 2.5% to about 14.0%, from about 2.5% to about 16.0%, from about 2.5% to about 18.0%, from about 2.5% to about 20.0%, from about 2.5% to about 25.0%, from about 2.5% to about 30.0%, or from about 2.5% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidalformulation comprises the surfactant from about 3.0% to about 4.0%, from about 3.0% to about 5.0%, from about 3.0% to about 6.0%, from about 3.0% to about 7.0%, from about 3.0% to about 8.0%, from about 3.0% to about 9.0%, from about 3.0% to about 10.0%, from about 3.0% to about 12.0%, from about 3.0% to about 14.0%, from about 3.0% to about 16.0%, from about 3.0% to about 18.0%, from about 3.0% to about 20.0%, from about 3.0% to about 25.0%, from about 3.0% to about 30.0%, or from about 3.0% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 4.0% to about 5.0%, from about 4.0% to about 6.0%, from about 4.0% to about 7.0%, from about 4.0% to about 8.0%, from about 4.0% to about 9.0%, from about 4.0% to about 10.0%, from about 4.0% to about 12.0%, from about 4.0% to about 14.0%, from about 4.0% to about 16.0%, from about 4.0% to about 18.0%, from about 4.0% to about 20.0%, from about 4.0% to about 25.0%, from about 4.0% to about 30.0%, or from about 4.0% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 5.0% to about 6.0%, from about 5.0% to about 7.0%, from about 5.0% to about 8.0%, from about 5.0% to about 9.0%, from about 5.0% to about 10.0%, from about 5.0% to about 12.0%, from about 5.0% to about 14.0%, from about 5.0% to about 16.0%, from about 5.0% to about 18.0%, from about 5.0% to about 20.0%, from about 5.0% to about 25.0%, from about 5.0% to about 30.0%, or from about 5.0% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 6.0% to about 7.0%, from about 6.0% to about 8.0%, from about 6.0% to about 9.0%, from about 6.0% to about 10.0%, from about 6.0% to about 12.0%, from about 6.0% to about 14.0%, from about 6.0% to about 16.0%, from about 6.0% to about 18.0%, from about 6.0% to about 20.0%, from about 6.0% to about 25.0%, from about 6.0% to about 30.0%, or from about 6.0% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 7.0% to about 8.0%, from about 7.0% to about 9.0%, from about 7.0% to about 10.0%, from about 7.0% to about 12.0%, from about 7.0% to about 14.0%, from about 7.0% to about 16.0%, from about 7.0% to about 18.0%, from about 7.0% to about 20.0%, from about 7.0% to about 25.0%, from about 7.0% to about 30.0%, or from about 7.0% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 8.0% toabout 9.0%, from about 8.0% to about 10.0%, from about 8.0% to about 12.0%, from about 8.0% to about 14.0%, from about 8.0% to about 16.0%, from about 8.0% to about 18.0%, from about 8.0% to about 20.0%, from about 8.0% to about 25.0%, from about 8.0% to about 30.0%, or from about 8.0% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 9.0% to about 10.0%, from about 9.0% to about 12.0%, from about 9.0% to about 14.0%, from about 9.0% to about 16.0%, from about 9.0% to about 18.0%, from about 9.0% to about 20.0%, from about 9.0% to about 25.0%, from about 9.0% to about 30.0%, or from about 9.0% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 10.0% to about 12.0%, from about 10.0% to about 14.0%, from about 10.0% to about 16.0%, from about 10.0% to about 18.0%, from about 10.0% to about 20.0%, from about 10.0% to about 25.0%, from about 10.0% to about 30.0%, or from about 10.0% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 12.0% to about 14.0%, from about 12.0% to about 16.0%, from about 12.0% to about 18.0%, from about 12.0% to about 20.0%, from about 12.0% to about 25.0%, from about 12.0% to about 30.0%, or from about 12.0% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 14.0% to about 16.0%, from about 14.0% to about 18.0%, from about 14.0% to about 20.0%, from about 14.0% to about 25.0%, from about 14.0% to about 30.0%, or from about 14.0% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 16.0% to about 18.0%, from about 16.0% to about 20.0%, from about 16.0% to about 25.0%, from about 16.0% to about 30.0%, or from about 16.0% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 18.0% to about 20.0%, from about 18.0% to about 25.0%, from about 18.0% to about 30.0%, or from about 18.0% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 20.0% to about 25.0%, from about 20.0% to about 30.0%, or from about 20.0% to about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 25.0% to about 30.0%, or from about 25.0% to about 35.0% by weight. In someembodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant from about 30.0% to about 35.0% by weight.

[0041] In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant about 0.1%, about 0.3%, about 0.5%, about 1.0%, about 1.5%, about 2.0%, about 2.5%, about 3.0%, about 4.0%, about 5.0%, about 6.0%, about 7.0%, about 8.0%, about 9.0%, about 10.0%, about 12.0%, about 14.0%, about 16.0%, about 18.0%, about 20.0%, about 25.0%, about 30.0%, or about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant at least about 0.1%, at least about 0.3%, at least about 0.5%, at least about 1.0%, at least about 1.5%, at least about 2.0%, at least about 2.5%, at least about 3.0%, at least about 4.0%, at least about 5.0%, at least about 6.0%, at least about 7.0%, at least about 8.0%, at least about 9.0%, at least about 10.0%, at least about 12.0%, at least about 14.0%, at least about 16.0%, at least about 18.0%, at least about 20.0%, at least about 25.0%, at least about 30.0%, or at least about 35.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL insecticidal formulation comprises the surfactant at most about 35.0%, at most about 30.0%, at most about 25.0%, at most about 20.0%, at most about 18.0%, at most about 16.0%, at most about 14.0%, at most about 12.0%, at most about 10.0%, at most about 9.0%, at most about 8.0%, at most about 7.0%, at most about 6.0%, at most about 5.0%, at most about 4.0%, at most about 3.0%, at most about 2.5%, at most about 2.0%, at most about 1.5%, at most about 1.0%, at most about 0.5%, at most about 0.3%, or at most about 0.1% by weight.Solvents

[0042] In one aspect, provided herein a stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation comprises one or more solvents. In some embodiments, the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation comprises a polar solvent, a water-miscible solvent, or combination thereof. Solvent may be applied to dissolve or dilute the active ingredient and make it easier to apply. Solvent may be applied to affect the effectiveness, safety, and stability of the stable SL insecticidal formulation.

[0043] A polar solvent may have partial charges or dipole moments. The polarity in a polar solvent may come from the formation of polar bonds, the creation of dipole moments, and thegeometry of the molecule. Non-limiting examples of polar solvents comprise water, acetone, acetonitrile, alcohols, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide (DMF), or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).

[0044] In some embodiments, the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation provided herein comprises one or more polar solvents. In some embodiments, the polar solvents comprise water, alcohol, carboxylic acid, dihydroxy alcohol ethers, or a combination thereof.

[0045] In some embodiments, the polar solvent further comprises methanol, ethanol, n- propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, glucitol or combination thereof. In some embodiments, the polar solvents in the stable SL insecticidal formulation provided herein further comprise ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, di-propylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, di-propylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, di-propylene glycol phenyl ether, or a combination thereof.

[0046] In some embodiments, the polar solvents comprise acetone, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, methylene chloride, chloroform, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the polar solvents further comprise one or more of acetophenone, 2-heptanone , 3-heptanone, 2-hexanone, 5-methyl-2-hexanone, 5-methyl-3-heptanone, 3-methyl-2-hexanone, 4-methyl-2-hexanone, 2- methyl-3 -hexanone, 4-methyl-3 -hexanone, 5-methyl-3-hexanone, 3-ethyl-2-pentanone, 3,3- dimethyl-2-pentanone, 3,4-dimethyl-2-pentanone, 4,4-dimethyl-2-pentanone, 2,2-dimethyl-3- pentanone, 2, 4-dimethyl-3 -pentanone, 2-octanone, 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexanone, 2,2-dimethyl-3- hexanone, 3,3-dimethyl-2-hexanone, 3,4-dimethyl-2-hexanone, 4,4-dimethyl-3-hexanone , 3- ethyl-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 2-methyl-3-heptanone, 2-methyl-4-heptanone, 3-methyl-2- heptanone, 3-methyl-4-heptanone, 5 -methyl -3-heptanone, 6-methyl -2-heptanone, 6- methyl-3- heptanone, 3-octanone, 4-octanone, 2,2,4-trimethyl-3-pentanone, 3-ethyl-3-methyl-2-pentanone, 5-methyl-2-heptanone, or isoprene.

[0047] A water-miscible solvent may fully dissolve in water and mix seamlessly with water in any proportion, resulting in a homogeneous solution. In some embodiments, the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation provided herein comprises one or more water-misciblesolvents. In some embodiments, the water-miscible solvents comprise acetaldehyde, acetic acid, acetone, acetonitrile, butyric acid, butanediol, butoxyethanol, diethanolamine, diethylenetriamine, dimethoxyethane, ethanol, ethylamine, ethylene glycol, formic acid, methanol, propanol, propylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran, or combination thereof.

[0048] In some embodiments, solvents in the stable SL insecticidal formulation provided herein comprise propylene carbonate, V, V-dimethyl lactamide, acetophenone, benzyl acetate, gamma-butyrolactone, A-butylpyrrolidinone, cyclopentanone, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, dihydrolevoglucosenone, .V-dimethyl 9-decenamide, dimethyl glutarate, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, 2-ethylhexanol, 2-ethylhexyl (A')- lactate, ethyl L-lactate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, formylmorpholine, 2-heptanone, methyl 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5- oxopentanoate, methyl salicylate, 2-methoxy-l -methyl ethyl acetate, phenoxyethanol, phenylmethanol, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, gamma-valerolactone, or combination thereof.

[0049] In one aspect, provided herein is the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation comprising solvent from about 20% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 20% to about 22%, from about 20% to about 24%, from about 20% to about 26%, from about 20% to about 28%, from about 20% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 32%, from about 20% to about 34%, from about 20% to about 36%, from about 20% to about 38%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 20% to about 45%, from about 20% to about 50%, from about 20% to about 55%, from about 20% to about 60%, from about 20% to about 65%, from about 20% to about 70%, from about 20% to about 75%, or from about 20% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 22% to about 24%, from about 22% to about 26%, from about 22% to about 28%, from about 22% to about 30%, from about 22% to about 32%, from about 22% to about 34%, from about 22% to about 36%, from about 22% to about 38%, from about 22% to about 40%, from about 22% to about 45%, from about 22% to about 50%, from about 22% to about 55%, from about 22% to about 60%, from about 22% to about 65%, from about 22% to about 70%, from about 22% to about 75%, or from about 22% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SLliquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 24% to about 26%, from about 24% to about 28%, from about 24% to about 30%, from about 24% to about 32%, from about 24% to about 34%, from about 24% to about 36%, from about 24% to about 38%, from about 24% to about 40%, from about 24% to about 45%, from about 24% to about 50%, from about 24% to about 55%, from about 24% to about 60%, from about 24% to about 65%, from about 24% to about 70%, from about 24% to about 75%, or from about 24% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 26% to about 28%, from about 26% to about 30%, from about 26% to about 32%, from about 26% to about 34%, from about 26% to about 36%, from about 26% to about 38%, from about 26% to about 40%, from about 26% to about 45%, from about 26% to about 50%, from about 26% to about 55%, from about 26% to about 60%, from about 26% to about 65%, from about 26% to about 70%, from about 26% to about 75%, or from about 26% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 28% to about 30%, from about 28% to about 32%, from about 28% to about 34%, from about 28% to about 36%, from about 28% to about 38%, from about 28% to about 40%, from about 28% to about 45%, from about 28% to about 50%, from about 28% to about 55%, from about 28% to about 60%, from about 28% to about 65%, from about 28% to about 70%, from about 28% to about 75%, or from about 28% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 30% to about 32%, from about 30% to about 34%, from about 30% to about 36%, from about 30% to about 38%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 45%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 30% to about 55%, from about 30% to about 60%, from about 30% to about 65%, from about 30% to about 70%, from about 30% to about 75%, or from about 30% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 32% to about 34%, from about 32% to about 36%, from about 32% to about 38%, from about 32% to about 40%, from about 32% to about 45%, from about 32% to about 50%, from about 32% to about 55%, from about 32% to about 60%, from about 32% to about 65%, from about 32% to about 70%, from about 32% to about 75%, or from about 32% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 34% toabout 36%, from about 34% to about 38%, from about 34% to about 40%, from about 34% to about 45%, from about 34% to about 50%, from about 34% to about 55%, from about 34% to about 60%, from about 34% to about 65%, from about 34% to about 70%, from about 34% to about 75%, or from about 34% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 36% to about 38%, from about 36% to about 40%, from about 36% to about 45%, from about 36% to about 50%, from about 36% to about 55%, from about 36% to about 60%, from about 36% to about 65%, from about 36% to about 70%, from about 36% to about 75%, or from about 36% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 38% to about 40%, from about 38% to about 45%, from about 38% to about 50%, from about 38% to about 55%, from about 38% to about 60%, from about 38% to about 65%, from about 38% to about 70%, from about 38% to about 75%, or from about 38% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 40% to about 45%, from about 40% to about 50%, from about 40% to about 55%, from about 40% to about 60%, from about 40% to about 65%, from about 40% to about 70%, from about 40% to about 75%, or from about 40% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 45% to about 50%, from about 45% to about 55%, from about 45% to about 60%, from about 45% to about 65%, from about 45% to about 70%, from about 45% to about 75%, or from about 45% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 50% to about 55%, from about 50% to about 60%, from about 50% to about 65%, from about 50% to about 70%, from about 50% to about 75%, or from about 50% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 55% to about 60%, from about 55% to about 65%, from about 55% to about 70%, from about 55% to about 75%, or from about 55% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 60% to about 65%, from about 60% to about 70%, from about 60% to about 75%, or from about 60% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 65% to about 70%, from about 65% to about 75%, or from about 65% to about 80% by weight.In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 70% to about 75%, or from about 70% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent from about 75% to about 80% by weight.

[0050] In some embodiments, the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation comprises solvent about 20%, about 22%, about 24%, about 26%, about 28%, about 30%, about 32%, about 34%, about 36%, about 38%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, or about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent at least about 20%, at least about 22%, at least about 24%, at least about 26%, at least about 28%, at least about 30%, at least about 32%, at least about 34%, at least about 36%, at least about 38%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, or at least about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the stable SL liquid insecticidal formulation comprises solvent at most about 80%, at most about 75%, at most about 70%, at most about 65%, at most about 60%, at most about 55%, at most about 50%, at most about 45%, at most about 40%, at most about 38%, at most about 36%, at most about 34%, at most about 32%, at most about 30%, at most about 28%, at most about 26%, at most about 24%, at most about 22%, or at most about 20% by weight.

[0051] A nonpolar solvent may possess little or no dipolar character. Non-polar solvents may be composed of atoms with small differences in electronegativity. Bonds between atoms in nonpolar solvents may have similar electronegativities, such as carbon and hydrogen. Non-limiting examples of nonpolar solvents include hydrocarbon (e.g. aliphatic, cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon) and vegetable oils. In some embodiments, , the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation provided herein comprises non-polar solvents.Adjuvant

[0052] In one aspect, provided herein is the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation further comprising an adjuvant. An adjuvant may be added as a supplemental substance to an insecticidal formulation to enhance the performance and / or physical properties ofthe active ingredient. In some embodiments, the adjuvant in the stable SL insecticidal formulation provided herein comprises antifreeze agents, neutralizing agents and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, colorants, odorants, penetration aids, wetting agents, spreading agents, flow aid agents, retention aids agents, dispersing agents, thickening agents, freeze point depressants, antimicrobial agents, crop oil (concentrates), adhesives (for instance, for use in seed treatment formulations), protective colloids, emulsifiers, tackifiers, or mixtures thereof.

[0053] Exemplary agriculturally acceptable adjuvants comprise polyether polysiloxane, crop oil concentrates (e g., 85% mineral oil + 15% emulsifiers), nonylphenol ethoxylates, benzylcocoalkyldimethyl quaternary ammonium salts, blends of petroleum hydrocarbon, alkyl esters, organic acids, anionic surfactants, C9-C11 alkylpolyglycoside, phosphate alcohol ethoxylates, natural primary alcohol (C12-C16) ethoxylate, di-sec-butylphenol ethylene oxide / propylene oxide (EO-PO) block copolymers, polysiloxane-methyl cap, mixture of nonylphenol ethoxylate urea ammonium nitrates, emulsified methylated seed oils, tridecyl alcohol (synthetic) ethoxylates (e.g., 8 EO), tallow amine ethoxylates (e.g., 15 EO), or PEG(400) dioleate-99.

[0054] Exemplary agriculturally acceptable adjuvants include, but are not limited to, thickening agents (i.e., thickeners). Exemplary thickeners comprise polysaccharides (e.g., xanthan gum), guar gum, locust bean gum, polyvinylpyrrolidons (PVP), polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols, gelatin, carboxy methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, modified starch attapulgite clay, bentonite clay, organic and inorganic sheet minerals, or mixtures thereof.

[0055] Exemplary agriculturally acceptable adjuvants include, but are not limited to, antifreeze agents. Exemplary antifreeze agents comprise ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, propane diols, glycol (e.g., monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), glycerin, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride, or mixtures thereof.

[0056] Exemplary agriculturally acceptable adjuvants include, but are not limited to, flow aid agents. A flow aid agent may be applied to the insecticidal formulation as a substance to help improve the flowability and dispersibility. Flow enhancing agents may be used to reduce thetendency of the formulation to clump, cake, or stick to the container or the application equipment. Anti-sticking agents may also be used to enhance the mixing and spraying of the formulation by preventing the settling or separation of the active ingredient.

[0057] In some embodiments, flow aid agents used in the stable SL insecticidal formulation herein comprise one or more of olive oil, kapok oil, castor oil, papaya oil, camellia oil, sesame oil, corn oil, rice bran oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, tung oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, alkyl esters of vegetable oils, (e.g. rapeseed oil methyl ester or rapeseed oil ethyl ester, rapeseed oil propyl esters, rapeseed oil butyl esters, neem oil, tall oil fatty acids esters), diesel, mineral oil, fatty acid amides (e.g. C1-C3 amines, alkylamines or alkanolamines with C6-C8 carboxylic acids), fatty acids, tall oil fatty acids, or alkyl esters of fatty acids.

[0058] Exemplary agriculturally acceptable adjuvants include, but are not limited to, adhesives. Exemplary adhesives comprise polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, tylose, or mixtures thereof.

[0059] In one aspect, provided herein is the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation further comprising an antifoam agent. Exemplary antifoam agents comprise silicone emulsions, long-chain alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid salts, polydimethylsiloxane, organofluorine compounds, or mixtures thereof.Dilution

[0060] In one aspect, provided herein is a method of controlling sedimentation during dilution and sitting for the active ingredient comprising forming the stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation before diluted by solvents or carriers. Solvents which may be applied to dilute insecticides include water, polar solvents, or nonpolar solvents. In some embodiments, the ratio of insecticidal formulation to water in dilution is from 1 : 1 to 1 :200.EXAMPLES

[0061] The following examples further illustrate the invention but, of course, should not be construed as in any way limiting its scope.EXAMPLE 1 : Formulation of stable soluble liquid.

[0062] As illustrated in Table 1, example insecticidal formulation of stable soluble liquid is listed.Table 1. Stable soluble liquid insecticidal formulation.EXAMPLE 2: Surfactant selection for controlling sediment during dilution and sitting.

[0063] Formulation probes were prepared by combining the active ingredients with co- formulants and mixing until homogeneous. Surfactant use was varied across chemistries and by level of loading, from 1% to 5% of the compositions. 1% dilutions of these formulation probes were made with ambient 342 ppm hardness water. Solids sedimentation was observed at mixing (0 hour (hr)) and 18hr at room temperature (RT).

[0064] The performance of each surfactant, at a range of loadings in the composition, when added to water at a field relevant rate was assessed during dilution (Ohr) and 18hr after preparation. These observations were mimicking the performance a farmer might expect when diluting this formulation at the time of mixing and if the tank was allowed to sit overnight ( 18hr),with expectations being that some “bloonf’ / dissolution of the formulation might occur upon addition to the tank resulting in very little settlement of the concentrate and little to no sedimentation of the formulation over time.

[0065] As illustrated in Table 2, observed results for compositions with surfactant at 5% by weight showed that all surfactants tested gave improvement in dissolution over the composition without surfactant added. Speckles would be observed when precipitation was found sticking to vessel walls. Among the compositions with added surfactants, performance of butyl based block copolymer and ethopropoxylated polyarlyphenol met expectations of the customer at 18hr.Table 2. Surfactant screening at 5% of the compositions at room temperature (RT).

[0066] As illustrated in Fig. 1, the composition with butyl based block copolymer showed a clear advantage in this formulation. This composition met customer bloom expectations at loading of 5% and decreased sedimentation after 18hr in comparison to composition with no surfactant. By adding butyl based block copolymer to the formulation compositions, sampleswere able to meet the dilution performance expectations that customers might have for an SL formulation.

[0067] All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.

[0068] Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

Claims

Claims1. A stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation comprising(a) an active ingredient, wherein water solubility of the active ingredient is from about 0.3 g / L to about 10 g / L at 25 °C;(b) a nonionic surfactant comprising fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers, or polysorbates, wherein (a) and (b) are present at a weight ratio of (a):(b) from about 1 :10 to about 10: 1; and(c) one or more solvent.

2. The insecticidal formulation of claim 1, wherein the active ingredient is A-[4-chloro-2- (pyridin-3-yl)-l,3-thiazol-5-yl]-A-ethyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)propanamide.

3. The insecticidal formulation of any one of claims 1-2, comprises the active ingredient from about 1% to about 30% by weight.

4. The insecticidal formulation of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises butyl polyalkylene oxide block copolymer, ethyl hexanol ethoxylated propoxylated, tri styryl phenol ethylene oxide / propylene oxide (TSP EO / PO), tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, fatty alcohol alkoxylate, methyl-oxirane polymer with oxirane, octyl phenol ethoxylate, poloxamers, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, secondary alcohol ethoxylate, 2-ethyl hexanol EO / PO, fatty linear alcohol EO / PO, fatty alcohol C12-15 EO / PO, EO / PO block copolymer, alcohols C6-C12 and CIO-16 EO / PO, isotrideceth-5, isotrideceth-8, isotrideceth-15, sorbitan monooleate EO, or sorbitan monolaurate EO.

5. The insecticidal formulation of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the surfactant is l-[2-[2- (3-methoxypropoxy)propoxy]ethoxy]butane.

6. The insecticidal formulation of any one of claims 1-5 further comprises the nonionic surfactant from about 0.1% to about 35.0% by weight.

7. The insecticidal formulation of claim 1, wherein the solvent comprises a polar solvent, a water-miscible solvent, or combination thereof.

8. The insecticidal formulation of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the solvent comprises propylene carbonate, / V, / V-di methyl lactamide, acetophenone, benzyl acetate, gammabutyrolactone, A-butylpyrrolidinone, cyclopentanone, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, dihydrolevoglucosenone, N, A di methyl 9-decenamide, dimethyl glutarate, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, 2-ethylhexanol, 2-ethylhexyl (S)-lactate, ethyl L-lactate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, formylmorpholine, 2-heptanone, methyl 5-(dimethylamino)-2- methyl-5-oxopentanoate, methyl salicylate, 2-methoxy-l -methylethyl acetate, phenoxyethanol, phenylmethanol, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, gammavalerolactone, or combination thereof.

9. The insecticidal formulation of any one of claims 1-8, further comprises the solvent from 20% to 80% by weight.

10. The insecticidal formulation of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the insecticidal formulation further comprises an adjuvant, an antifoam agent, or combination thereof.

11. A method of controlling sedimentation during dilution and sitting for an active ingredient comprising forming a stable soluble liquid (SL) insecticidal formulation before dilution by water, wherein the stable SL insecticidal formulation is selected from any one of the claims 1-10.

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