A lower extremity spacer pad for static and dynamic balance

Abstract

The present invention is a lower extremity spacer pad that is secured along the inner leg to cue an individual to increase hip abduction, resulting in a wider stance or base of support at the feet. The spacer pad can be attached or secured in a variety of ways to maintain proper positioning and can be made from a variety of materials that produce the desired action when used in the desired way.

Description

A LOWER EXTREMITY SPACER PAD FOR STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCEFIELD OF INVENTION

[0001] This invention relates to the field of assistive devices and clothing designed to help reduce the risk of falls and promote safe static and dynamic balance with standing and ambulation.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] Every year, millions of older people fall. Annually, one out of every four people aged 65 and older experience a fall. Falling once doubles your chances of falling again. Falls are the leading cause of injury among adults aged 65 and older, resulting in 7 million fall related injuries in 2014.2One out of every five falls causes a serious injury. In 2018, falls in older adults led to an estimated three million emergency department visits, more than 950,000 hospitalizations, and approximately 32,000 deaths.

[0002] Falls are the most common cause of traumatic brain injuries and more than 95% of hip fractures are caused by falling, usually falling sideways. In 2015, total medical costs for falls totaled more than $50 billion. The number of fall-related injuries and associated healthcare costs are expected to increase as the population of older adults in the United States grows.

[0003] Using 2014 results as a guide, an estimated 49 million falls will result in 12 million injuries each year by the time all Baby Boomers reach age 65 in 2030. These numbers translate into significant costs. The average medically treated fall costs approximately $10,000 (U.S.) in direct medical costs making current Medicare costs for older adult falls on par with those of cancer treatment. Fall injuries among older adults ranked fifth in personal healthcare spending in 2013. In summary, fails are a significant and growing problem,

[0004] Falls can be attributed to a variety of causes such as impaired vision, medication side effects, chronic disease, environmental hazards, behavioral hazards, surgical procedures, or a decline in physical fitness. The risk of falling due to any of these causes can be reduced with proper mitigation or management strategies, such as participation in a routine fitness program, seeking treatment for an ailment or condition, or behavior modification. In fact, many falls may be prevented by an individual being more aware of their standing posture and gait mechanics.

[0005] Standing and / or ambulating with a wide base of support (BOS) inherently increases an individual’s stability throughout the duration of their movement. However, when standing and / or ambulating with a narrow BOS or feet closer to midline, an individual may experience unsteadiness on their feet and increase their risk of falling.

[0006] To date, assistive devices for standing and ambulation include aids like canes, walkers, braces, sensors, or the like, which are intended to help an individual stay upright and reduce the risk of falls. Although the current landscape does provide some efficacy, the devices and methods currently used also have limitations. For example, assistive devices such as canes and walkers require the use of an individual's hands or upper extremities, which could limit the use case and pose burdens on the user. Additionally, the use of the previously mentioned technologies is not discrete and will be noticeable to other individuals. Furthermore, devices such as canes and walkers are used to increase points of contact on the ground, which in turn enhances the stability of the user, but they do so with an exterior point or points of contact on the ground and not by improving the stability of the individual’s own points of contact with the ground.

[0007] Devices such as limb or joint braces may provide stability across a single joint or multiple joints, but do not necessarily promote a wider base of support through an individual’s lower extremities to achieve greater stability in static and dynamic balance. With regards to garments, much of the prior art relates to protection from falls or external forces, utilizing pads or padded configurations, typically located on the front, lateral, or rear sides of the garment or individual. Other garments in prior art utilize a pad to provide cushion for the area beneath the pelvis (perineum) and / or tailbone for situations such as riding a bicycle.

[0008] However, that use case does not promote a wider base of support at the feet, as that would be detrimental to bike riding. There is prior art relating to post-surgical procedures and the use of hip abduction / adduction pillows that are placed and secured between the legs to restrict or limit motion following a surgical procedure. Additionally, the previously mentioned technologies do not incorporate the use of tactile cueing to promote the desired response of hip abduction, resulting in a wider base of support.

[0009] The concept of base of support is fundamental in understanding balance in both static (standing still) and dynamic (moving) situations. The base of support refers to the area beneath an object or person that includes all points of contact with the supporting surface. In the case of humans, this typically includes the feet when standing.

[0010] In dynamic balance, such as walking or running, the same principles apply. However,the dynamics become more complex because the base of support is constantly changing as the person moves. During locomotion, the body continuously adjusts its base of support to maintain balance. This involves shifting weight and coordinating movements to ensure that the center of gravity remains within the base of support.

[0011] In summary, the physics behind wide versus narrow bases of support in standing and dynamic balance primarily relate to the distribution of mass and the resulting effects on stability and resistance to rotational forces.

[0012] Accordingly, there is a present need for a device that encourages and facilitates a wider base of support during standing and dynamic balance and ambulation.

[0013] A device that acts as a spacer with tactile cueing of the inner thigh to encourage and facilitate a wider base of support, which is made from a variety of materials into a variety of shapes and sizes and would make a product more readily available to a broader variety of applications.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0014] The invention concerns a means for widening the base support of a person when standing (static) or when moving (ambulatory, or dynamic), whereby the means positions the feet in a wider stance, can advantageously facilitate stability, improve balance, reduce instability, and prevent falls.

[0015] Wide Base of Support:• When someone stands with a wide base of support, their feet are spread apart, increasing the distance between the points of contact with the ground.• With a wider base, there is a larger area of support, which means there is more stability. This is because the center of gravity of the body (the point around which the body's mass is evenly distributed) is within the base of support.• The wider base reduces the risk of tipping over because it provides greater resistance to external forces that could disturb balance.• Physically, the wider base of support increases the moment of inertia. Moment of inertia is a measure of an object's resistance to changes in its rotation. By spreading the feet apart, the distribution of mass is spread out, which increases the moment of inertia, making it more difficult to topple over.

[0016] Narrow Base of Support:• Conversely, standing with a narrow base of support means the feet are close together, reducing the distance between points of contact with the ground.• With a narrower base, there is less stability because the area of support is smaller. This makes the body more susceptible to tipping over, especially if the center of gravity moves beyond the base of support.• In terms of physics, a narrow base of support decreases the moment of inertia. With less spread-out mass, the body has less resistance to changes in rotation, making it easier to tip over and fall.

[0017] In one embodiment, the subject invention concerns a lower extremity spacer pad which, in use, can be positioned between the legs of the user for stabilizing static and dynamic balance. In a preferred embodiment, the spacer pad is positioned on the upper inner thigh of the user. A spacer pad of the invention comprises a substantially planar panel having a thickness which serves to widen the space between the legs of the user when the user is standing (static) or moving (dynamic), resulting in a wider stance or widen the distance between the feet when walking or running, without discomfort to the user and without interference with movement of the user. The preferred embodiment comprises the use of at least two spacer pads, where a first pad is positioned on the inner thigh of a first (e.g., right) leg, and the other spacer pad is positioned opposite the first pad on the inner thigh area of a second (e.g., left) leg. .

[0018] The spacer pad material is a preferably cushioning polymeric material such as polyethylene. The spacer pad can have a thickness of about 0.25 inches to about three inches. The length and width of the pad are dimensioned to be comfortably worn by the user, and can range between about one inch to about five inches in width, which is the anterior-posterior direction of the body when worn, and about three inches to about 12 inches in length (height), which is the superior-inferior direction of the body when worn. The spacer pad can be any geometric shape but is typically rectangular or oval, where the length dimension is greater than the width dimension. More than one spacer pad can be used per side, e.g., being stacked one on top of another, to increase the thickness of the pads on either or both sides.

[0019] A spacer pad of the invention can be provided and retained in position using a strap which encircles the upper thigh area of the user. The strap can be affixed to the pad by being woven through a slot formed on an outer face of the spacer pad, or can be affixed by a buckle, hook-and-loop material, stitching or sewing, or the like. Alternatively, the strap can be formed as an integral part of the spacer pad.

[0020] In a further embodiment of the invention, the spacer pad can be provided within a stability strap. The stability strap, in its extended configuration, comprises a contiguous paddle-shaped strap wherein a first end section of the strap is a defined width of about two inches to about 12 inches (3-12” in width), and a second end portion of the strap is a narrower width than the first end portion having a width of about two inches to about eight inches (2-8” in width). The first and second end sections are contiguous and can be integrally formed, with a central strap section, which has a tapering width adjoining the wider first end section with the narrower second end section.

[0021] Formed within the first end section - the wider end section - about midway along the length of the first end section for positioning at the upper inner thigh of the user, is formed a pocket for receiving and retaining the spacer pad. The pocket can be sealed or closed, e.g., hemmed, around its perimeter, or can have an open or unsealed, e.g., unhemmed, area for inserting and removing the spacer pad from the pocket. Preferably, the spacer pad can be emplaced within the pocket and permanently closed or sealed therewithin, i.e., the pocket is completely closed or sealed on all sides or at all points along its perimeter.

[0022] At a distal end of at least one or both of the first and the second end sections, a closing means, preferably a mating hook-and-loop material can be provided to secure and tighten the strap as desired. The hook-and-loop material is preferably provided on an outer face of the strap for engaging the strap material or a mating hook-and-loop material placed on an overlapping face of the strap. Other closure means are contemplated, e.g. buckles, snaps, ties, buttons, or the like, but the hook-and-loop material is preferred for convenience of use. In one embodiment, a slot can be provided at a distal end of the first (wider) end section of the strap, for receiving and looping therethrough the second (narrower) end section.

[0023] The length of the strap used in connection with the spacer pad can vary and is typically about 18-40 inches in length, but is not so limited if longer or shorter lengths are advantageous for smaller or larger users. The strap length can be standardized for small, medium, large, or extra-large sizes. The length must be sufficient to completely encircle the upper thigh area of the user and in an embodiment comprising a slotted first end, include enough additional length such that the narrower second end section can extend through the slotted end of the first end section and loop back on itself to secure the strap in place during use

[0024] In one embodiment, a spacer pad of the invention can be provided in a lower extremity garment, such as a pair of pants, e.g., an athletic pant or undergarment having awaistband and two pant legs. The spacer pad can be affixed to the outer face of the garment material by an adhesive or by heat-seal, or can be provided within a pocket formed on an inner thigh area of each pant leg. The pocket is preferably sized and configured to receive and retain the spacer pad disposed therein. The pocket can include an opening for receiving and removal of the spacer pad and can include a closure, such as a flap closure or other closure means to facilitate retention of the spacer pad within the pocket. Alternatively, the pocket can be closed to permanently retain the spacer pad therein. For example, the pocket can be stitched or sewn closed after inserting the spacer pad within the pocket.

[0025] The lower extremity garment of the invention can be styled and configured daily wear, for active wear, or as sleepwear.

[0026] The spacer pad or lower extremity garment comprising a spacer pad can be used in a method for stabilizing static and dynamic balance in a person. The method comprises the steps of- Providing at least two spacer pads each having dimensions of about 2 inches to about 4 inches in width, about 4 inches to about 12 inches in height, and about 14 inch to about 1 inch in depth, and- Positioning the spacer pads such that a first spacer pad is retained on an inner thigh area of a right leg of a user and a second spacer pad is retained on an inner thigh area of a left leg of the user wherein the positioning of the spacer pads is maintained during normal activity of the user.

[0027] In accordance with a method of the invention, the spacer pads can be retained in position by a strap affixed to or integrally formed with each of the spacer pads and the strap is wrapped around the leg at the thigh area and affixed in place, using a closure means provided on the strap.

[0028] Alternatively, the spacer pads can be retained in a lower extremity garment having two pant legs and a pocket formed at an inner thigh area of each of the two pant legs of the lower extremity garment.

[0029] Advantageously, the method of the invention involves the spacer pads tactically cueing the user to have a wider stance. This wider stance increases the distance between the feet in a standing position and stabilizes the stance of the user and lessens the risk of falling.

[0030] The invention thus includes a system for stabilizing static and dynamic balance for a person, said system comprising a spacer pad configured for being disposed on an inner thigh area of each leg of a user; and a means for retaining the spacer pad in position on the inner thigh area of each leg of the user.

[0031] The system retaining means can be a strap or a pocket formed in a lower extremity garment.

[0032] In use, the invention employs a spacer, such as a pad (a spacer pad), which is positioned on the inner thigh area of each leg to cause by tactile force, widening of the stance and the base of support of a person. The spacer pad is dimensioned to have length (height), width, and depth (thickness) which is optimized for comfort and utility to achieve the intended goal of stance stability, with minimal interference or discomfort during the user’s normal static standing position and during the user’s dynamic movement, such as walking or running.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the spacer pad can be strapped around the inner thigh area of each leg, or provided in association with a garment, such as a sport garment or undergarment worn on the lower extremities. For example, the spacer pad can be affixed or permanently applied to the outer surface of the garment material in the upper thigh position.

[0034] Alternatively, the lower extremity garment can comprise an open or closed pocket formed therein, where the pocket is positioned in an inner thigh area of the pant leg of the garment to receive and hold the spacer pad in place. The pocket can be formed on the outer surface of the garment material or can be formed on an inner surface of the garment material. Alternatively, the pocket can be formed between an outer layer and inner layer of a multi-ply garment. Thus, a garment comprising a pocket for receiving and holding the spacer pad and the pocketed garment and spacer pad, together, are considered part of the invention.

[0035] The spacer pad of the invention is preferably made of a cushioned or sponge-like material for comfort and to minimize weight of the spacer pad. The spacer pad can be any suitable shape and is typically formed rectangularly or in a circular or oval shape, being between about three inches to 12 inches in height and between about 1 inch to about 5 inches wide.

[0036] The depth or thickness of the spacer pad, i.e., the distance from the face of thespacer pad contacting the body to the outer face, away from the body, can vary, providing a spacer which is between about one-quarter inch and about 2 inches thick. In one embodiment, the spacer pad can have substantially uniform thickness throughout its entirety. In another embodiment, the spacer pad can be slightly tapered, having its thickest dimension in a middle or central area of the spacer pad and being less thick at the outer edges of the spacer pad. In one preferred embodiment, the spacer pad of the invention can have a plurality of grooves formed in an outer face of the spacer pad to facilitate flexibility and contouring to the shape of the body for the spacer pad when worn.

[0037] These embodiments, and obvious modifications of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings presented in this disclosure and are within the scope of the invention.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] FIGs. 1A-1 D show a perspective view and orthographic projection view of an embodiment of a spacer pad according to the subject invention illustrating a rectangularly configured spacer pad having rounded corners, where FIG. 1A is a perspective view of one embodiment of a spacer pad according to the invention; FIG. 1 B is an elevated view of a front face of the rectangular spacer pad (and wherein the back face is identical) illustrating the length (height) and width dimensions thereof; FIG. 1 C shows an end view of the spacer pad illustrating the width of the spacer pad in the vertical dimension and the depth (thickness) of the spacer pad in the horizontal dimension; and FIG. 1 D shows a side view of the spacer pad illustrating the length (height) of the spacer pad in the horizontal dimension and the depth (thickness) of the spacer pad in the vertical dimension.

[0039] FIG. 2 shows a strapped embodiment of a spacer pad of the invention wherein the spacer pad is affixed to a retention strap for retaining the spacer pad in position on the inner thigh area of the user.

[0040] FIG. 3 depicts a user wearing a first spacer pad positioned on the right inner thigh of the user and a second spacer pad positioned on the left inner thigh of the user, wherein each spacer pad is retained in position by a strap engaged with the respective spacer pad.

[0041] FIG. 4 is a front view of a lower extremity garment comprising a two spacer pads and illustrating a preferred placement of the spacer pads - a first spacer pad disposed on a right inner thigh area of the right leg portion of the lower extremity garment and a second spacer pad disposed on a left inner thigh area of the leg portion of the lower extremity garment.

[0042] FIG. 5 shows a lower extremity garment of the invention having pockets formed in the inner thigh area of the right leg portion and the left leg portion of the lower extremity garment, the pockets formed therein to receive and retain spacer pads.

[0043] FIG. 6 depicts a user wearing an embodiment of a lower extremity garment comprising a set of spacer pads disposed within pockets formed in the lower extremity garment in accordance with the subject invention.

[0044] FIG. 7 shows a front view of a lower extremity garment comprising a set of spacer pads, illustrating the placement of two stacked spacer pads positioned on a right inner thigh area of the lower extremity garment and two stacked spacer pads positioned on a left inner thigh area of the lower extremity garment.

[0045] FIG. 8 is an illustration of a lower extremity garment having pockets formed therein and showing each pocket retaining two stacked spacer pads.

[0046] FIG. 9 depicts the distance between the feet of a person at a normal stance, without the presence of spacer pad.

[0047] FIG. 10 depicts the distance between the feet of a person at a normal stance, with the presence of spacer pad worn by a user.

[0048] FIG. 11 A shows a front view of a daily-wear embodiment of a lower extremity garment configured for females and comprising a set of spacer pads retained at the right and left inner thigh positions of the lower extremity garment according to the invention; FIG. 11 B shows a back view of a daily-wear embodiment of a lower extremity garment configured for females and comprising a set of spacer pads retained at the right and left inner thigh positions of the lower extremity garment according to the invention. FIG. 11 C shows a front view of a daily-wear embodiment of a lower extremity garment configured for males and comprising a set of spacer pads retained at the right and left inner thigh positions of the lower extremity garment of the invention.

[0049] FIG. 12A shows a front view of an active-wear embodiment of a lower extremity garment configured for females and comprising a set of spacer pads retained at the right and left inner thigh positions of the lower extremity garment; FIG. 12B shows a back view of an active-wear embodiment of a lower extremity garment configured for females and comprising a set of spacer pads retained at the right and left inner thigh positions of the lower extremity garment.

[0050] FIG. 13A shows a front view of a sleep-wear embodiment of a lower extremity garment configured for females and comprising a set of spacer pads retained at the right and left inner thigh positions of the lower extremity garment; FIG. 16B shows a back view of a sleep-wear embodiment of a lower extremity garment configured for females and comprising a set of spacer pads retained at the right and left inner thigh positions of the lower extremity garment.

[0051] FIG. 14 shows an exploded perspective view of the lower extremity garment comprising a spacer pad according to the subject invention, illustrating a pocket configuration wherein the spacer pad is retained between an inner layer of a pant leg of the lower extremity garment and an outer layer of a pant leg of the lower extremity garment.

[0052] FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of a pocket formed in a lower extremity garment according to the subject invention, illustrating a flap closure configuration for an open pocket for receiving / removing and retaining the spacer pad therein.

[0053] FIGs. 16A- 16D show views of a stability strap comprising a spacer pad according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 16A shows a top (outer face) the stability strap illustrating the positioning of a slot at a first end for receiving an opposing end of the joint retention strap, the positioning of a spacer pad retained within the stability strap, and a fastening means for securing the joint stability strap; FIG. 19B shows a bottom (inner face) view of the stability strap of FIG. 16A; FIG. 16C shows a partial perspective view of a stability strap embodiment illustrating in a cutaway view the spacer pad retained within inner and outer layers of the stability strap. .

[0054] FIGs. 17A-17D show a tray configuration embodiment of a spacer pad of the invention. FIG. 17A is an elevational view of a top or outer face of a spacer pad embodiment in tray configuration; FIG. 17B is an elevational view of a bottom or inner face of a spacer pad embodiment in tray configuration; FIG. 17C is a side view of a spacer pad embodiment in tray configuration; and FIG. 17D shows and end view of a spacer pad embodiment in tray configuration.

[0055] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a spacer pad according to the invention.

[0056] FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a domed embodiment of a spacer pad according to the invention.

[0057] FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a domed embodiment of a spacer pad according tothe invention having a grooved outer surface.

[0058] FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a bottom or inner face of an embodiment of a spacer pad according to the invention illustrating a recessed or concave configuration of the inner face of the pad.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0059] Objects and Advantages

[0060] A spacer pad positioned and retained at the upper, inner thigh area of an individual can serve as a tactile cue with a feedback loop that uses angular amplification at the hip joint to facilitate a wider stance at the feet. As an individual is cued via the sensation of the spacer pad at the inner thigh, their response is to abduct the hip which will widen the feet apart, creating a wider base of support. Minor changes in the angle at the hip (hip abduction) result in larger movements or changes in stability at inferior points of the limbs, i.e. at the feet.

[0061] Hip Abduction:• Hip abduction refers to the movement of the leg away from the midline of the body. This movement primarily involves the abduction of the femur (thigh bone) at the hip joint.• The hip joint acts as a type of lever system, with the center of rotation being the hip joint itself. The muscles around the hip joint, such as the gluteus medius and minimus, exert forces to move the leg away from the midline.• When these muscles contract to produce abduction, even a slight increase in the angle of abduction at the hip joint results in a larger displacement of the leg away from the midline. This is due to the leverage provided by the length of the femur and the moment arm of the muscles acting around the hip joint. As the leg moves further away from the hip joint, the angular amplification becomes more pronounced.

[0062] Stance at the Feet:• Stance refers to the orientation of the feet relative to the ground, particularly during activities like standing, walking, or running.• The stance of the feet influences the distribution of body weight and affects balance and stability. A wider stance, where the feet are spread further apart, provides a broader base of support and enhances stability.• Similar to the concept of leverage in the hip joint, increasing the angle of stance at the feet, such as widening the distance between the feet, results in greater stabilityand resistance to external forces. This is particularly important in activities that require maintaining balance, such as standing, ambulation, activities of daily living, and navigating everyday life.

[0063] In both cases, the angular amplification is a result of the lever-like properties of the human skeletal system and the biomechanics of muscle contraction. Minor changes in angle or orientation at the hip joint(s) lead to larger movements or changes in stability at points further along the limbs.

[0064] Accordingly, besides the objects and advantages of the cueing and angular amplification resulting in a wider stance to aid in static and dynamic balance that may result in fall prevention, other objects and advantages of the present invention include: a. To provide a lower extremity spacer pad that can be manufactured from materials that can be attached independently or in conjunction with a garment such as shorts. b. To provide a lower extremity spacer pad that can be placed or secured in a variety of ways including but not limited to straps, sleeves, pockets or other means of location in relation to the inner thigh. c. To provide a lower extremity spacer pad that can be made from or integrated into a variety of materials, including but not limited to cloth, foam, plastic, air or cellular material. d. To provide a lower extremity spacer pad that provides a cue in a variety of different ways that include but are not limited to tactile, auditory, and visual means.

[0065] Use of the spacer pad of the invention can improve muscle activation and joint mechanics, which can reduce pain and enhance ambulatory function. Thus, along with \strong hip and core muscles, the subject invention can improve posture, reduce pain, and may slow progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Reasons include:1 . Joint Load Reduction and Shock Absorption

[0066] The hips and core help distribute mechanical loads during standing, walking, and movement. In individuals with OA (particularly knee or hip OA), stronger surrounding muscles can offload stress from the affected joints. OA causes cartilage breakdown, reducing shock absorption. Strong muscles act as natural shock absorbers, reducing impact and wear on arthritic joints.2. Improved Alignment & Gait Mechanics

[0067] Weak hip muscles, especially the gluteus medius and maximus, lead to poor lower limb alignment: These misalignments include:■ Hip drop■ Internal rotation of the femur■ Knee valgus ("knock-knee") position

[0068] These changes increase joint stress, worsening OA symptoms. A strong hip / core unit helps maintain neutral alignment, preventing abnormal wear and tear and reducing compensatory movements that contribute to pain.3. Enhanced Stability and Balance.

[0069] OA often leads to decreased confidence in movement due to pain and instability. A strong core and hip complex can reduce pain, improve postural control, pelvic stability, and dynamic balance, making movements like walking, turning, and standing from a chair smoother and safer. This reduces the risk of falls and secondary injuries, which are more common in individuals with OA.4. Less Pain Through Better Movement Efficiency

[0070] When the body moves with better neuromuscular control, it becomes more efficient, reducing the need for compensatory patterns that can cause pain. Core and hip strength help stabilize the trunk and pelvis, so movement forces are transmitted properly down the kinetic chain. This results in less joint irritation and more comfortable movement overall. The spacer pad can also serve to reduce friction caused by the legs rubbing together and therefore prevent chafing of the skin and reduce discomfort and possible damage to the skin (sores) resulting from chafing.5. Slowing Disease Progression

[0071] Although OA is degenerative, muscle strengthening is one of the few evidence-based interventions shown to slow functional decline. Studies show that hip and core strengthening programs can:■ Delay the need for joint replacement surgery■ Improve function and walking capacity■ Reduce reliance on pain medications6. Clinical Evidence

[0072] A meta-analysis in Arthritis Care & Research (2013) found that hip strengthening significantly reduces knee pain and improves function in people with knee OA.

[0073] Core stability programs are also commonly integrated into OA management plans to support spinal alignment and load distribution — key for people with hip or lumbar OA.

[0074] Physical therapy guidelines now regularly include proximal muscle strengthening (hip / core) for OA patients.

[0075] Table 1 summarizes the benefits of good hip and core strength in OA patients.TABLE 1Real-Life Application (e.q., briefs)

[0076] A product such as a lower extremity garment, or brief, which activates and supports the hips and core, may serve as a proprioceptive and functional intervention for people with OA by:■ Encouraging better postural alignment■ Activating stabilizing muscles with minimal effort■ Providing low-profile, all-day support to reduce pain and fatigue

[0077] Understanding the Q angle (quadriceps angle) is critical when discussing knee mechanics, lower limb alignment, and how hip and core strength play into injury prevention, pain reduction, and improved stability.

[0078] The Q angle is the angle formed by two lines:■ From the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) of the pelvis to the center of the patella (kneecap).■ From the center of the patella to the tibial tuberosity (the bump below the knee where the patellar tendon attaches).

[0079] This Q angle reflects the lateral pull of the quadriceps muscle on the patella. It is usually measured with the leg extended and relaxed.

[0080] A normal Q angle for men is about 10-15 degrees. A normal Q angle for women is about 15-20 degrees (due to wider pelvis).

[0081] An excessively large Q angle can result in lateral tracking of the patella, increased stress on the patellofemoral joint, knee pain, particularly patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), increased risk of injuries like IT band syndrome, ACL tears, and chondromalacia patella.

[0082] The hip abductors, external rotators, and core stabilizers play a direct role in controlling the Q angle by influencing femur and pelvis alignment. The gluteus medius and minimus muscles abduct and stabilize the pelvis. Weak gluteus medius leads to hip drop (Trendelenburg gait) and medial femoral rotation, which increases the Q angle and shifts the knee inward (valgus collapse). The gluteus maximus extends and externally rotates the hip. A weak gluteus maximus allows femoral internal rotation, contributing to dynamic valgus and increasing stress on the knee.

[0083] Deep core muscles (Transversus Abdominis, Obliques, Multifidus) stabilize the trunk and pelvis. A weak core leads to poor pelvic control, increasing compensations down the kinetic chain and further altering hip and knee alignment. The result can be a chain reaction, whereby: Hip / Core WeaknessAltered Q Angle -> Knee Pain.

[0084] The spacer pad of the subject invention can cue gluteal and core muscle activation, promoting a more neutral hip position, better femoral alignment, reduced Q angle stress at the knee, and improved stability, especially during walking or transitions, e.g., sit-to-stand movement, turning, or the like. By supporting the hip and trunk, a spacer pad of the invention can act as a "proprioceptive reminder" to maintain proper lower limb mechanics, and improved posture, thus leading to fall prevention and improved knee health.

[0085] Strong core muscles promote good posture. The hips and core muscles can work together for good posture, as summarized in Table 2.TABLE 2

[0086] The benefits of strong hips and core as they relate to posture include: neutral spine (less stress on vertebrae and discs); efficient gait (better posture carries over into walking and running); reduced compensation (less strain on neck, shoulders, and lower back); and functional strength (makes it easier to stand, sit, and move correctly).

[0087] Employing a spacer pad of the invention can cue the hips and core to engage automatically, helping users maintain better alignment throughout the day, reduce fatigue from poor posture, improve stability and reduce fall risk. This makes the spacer pad an ideal tool for people struggling with posture due to aging, weakness, or pain.

[0088] In the following paragraphs, the present invention will be described in detail. Throughout this description, the preferred embodiment shown should be considered as examples, rather than limitations on the present invention. As used herein, “the present invention” refers to any of the embodiments of the invention described herein.

[0089] The present invention provides, inter alia, a method for increasing stability in static or dynamic situations by producing a wider base of support. The spacer pad is provided between the legs on the inner thigh area and works to cue an individual to abduct the hips, which results in the widening of the feet, creating a wider base of support, and in turn, increases that individual’s stability.

[0090] The spacer pad of the invention can be made from a variety of materials including but not limited to foam, cloth, springs, air, plastic, or any other type of material that can safely contact the skin or be covered and then placed against the body. The term “pad” in a preferred embodiment refers to a conventional pad, have a certain thickness and may have elasticity or resilience properties whereby the pad retains or returns to its original shape and form following compression, bending or stretching. As used herein, the term pad can alsorefer to any spacer article, such as an air-filled (inflatable) or gel-filled bladder. Other spacers useful for being employed in the article of this invention are also contemplated and would be readily identified by ordinarily skilled artisans.

[0091] The spacer pad(s) can be secured against the inner thigh in a variety of ways including but not limited to being attached via a garment such as undershorts, secured with straps, attached or secured via a sleeve, or any other method that would serve to keep the spacer pad in proper position to serve as a cue and / or maintain a desired amount of space between the two body parts.

[0092] One aspect of the present invention is the provision of a pocket or flexible enclosures which will be located on the inner leg that will allow for the placement of one or more spacer pads. An open pocket can provide for interchanging pads which can be emplaced or removed by the user. Interchangeability of the pad can allow for variations in the amount of spacing or cueing, based on user needs or preference.

[0093] .When the spacer pad is secured, for example in a garment such as a pair of boxer briefs or undershorts, the garment is preferably flexible and washable, made from a material with elasticity that fits snuggly against the body. When the spacer pad(s) are secured in proper position on the inner leg, an individual’s movement is not impeded; rather their mobility is enhanced as they are cued to move with greater stability.

[0094] Referring to the drawings, embodiments of the invention are illustrated to facilitate the understanding of the invention using visual depictions.

[0095] A spacer pad according to one embodiment of the subject invention is illustrated in FIGs. 1A, 1 B, 1 C, and 1 D, showing a perspective view of one embodiment of a spacer pad 100 according to the invention, and an orthogonal projection view (front, side, and end views) of a spacer pad, 100. In this embodiment, the spacer pad 100 is rectangularly configured having a top or outer face 102 and an identical inner (bottom) face 103, rounded corners 101 , and having a height, h, a width, w, and depth, d (thickness of the pad.) FIG. 1 B shows a top (outer) face of the rectangular spacer pad 100. The bottom (inner) face of this embodiment of the spacer pad can be identical to the front face; FIG. 1 B shows an end view of the spacer pad illustrating the width, w, of the spacer pad in the vertical dimension, and the depth, d, or thickness of the spacer pad in the horizontal dimension. FIG. 1C shows a side view of the spacer pad 100 illustrating the height, h, of the spacer pad in the horizontal dimension and the depth, d, or thickness of the spacer pad in the vertical dimension. The top and bottom faces of the spacer pad would be understood to be configured ergonomicallyand include a domed outer face or a concave or recessed inner face to conform to the body and facilitate comfort and movement of the user while being worn.

[0096] The spacer pad of the invention is held in place on the upper inner thigh area of the user and can be retained in position using straps or can be held within a pocket or a lower extremity garment. For example, FIG. 2 illustrates a strapped embodiment of a spacer pad 200 in accordance with the invention wherein a retention strap 201 engages with at least one spacer pad 202 for retaining the spacer pad in position on the inner thigh area of the user when in use. This embodiment illustrates the retention strap 201 engaging with spacer pad 202 by way of two or more slots 204 and 205 formed in an outer face of spacer pad 202. The retention strap 201 can be woven through the two or more slots 204 and 205 and wrapped around the thigh of the user and affixed to hold the retention strap and engaged spacer pad in place. The retention strap can have a first and send end, whereby at least one end, or both ends, comprise a fastening means, such as hook-and-loop material, to vary or adjust the size of the retention strap and to affix the retention strap around the thigh of the user to hold the spacer pad in its preferred position. This embodiment of a spacer pad in accordance with the invention is illustrated in use by a user is shown in FIG. 3, showing retention strap 201 engaged with spacer pad 202 around the thigh of the user.

[0097] An embodiment of a lower extremity garment 400 comprising a set of spacer pads 100 is illustrated in FIG. 4. In a preferred embodiment, a spacer pad 100 is positioned on a right inner thigh area of the lower extremity garment 400 and a spacer pad 100 is positioned on a left inner thigh area of the lower extremity garment 400. The lower extremity garment 400 can include one or more pockets 501 and 502 integral therewith at the inner thigh positions, as illustrated in the FIG. 5, wherein the lower extremity garment is shown when not being worn by a user. FIG. 6 shows a photograph of a user wearing an embodiment of a lower extremity garment 400 comprising pockets 501 and 502 formed in the inner thigh area of lower extremity garment 400. Not expressly illustrated in the drawing, but evident from the deformations present in pockets 501 and 502, is a spacer pad in accordance with the subject invention disposed in each of pockets 501 and 502.

[0098] In certain embodiments, a plurality of pads can be used to increase the depth (thickness) of the padded area. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 7, a lower extremity garment 400 comprises a first set of at least two spacer pads 701 and 702 in a stacked or nested configuration positioned on one inner thigh area of the lower extremity garment, and a second set spacer pads 703 and 704 in a stacked or nested configuration positioned at the other inner thigh area of the lower extremity garment and two stacked spacer padspositioned on a left inner thigh area of the lower extremity garment. It would be understood that the plurality of spacer pads can include more than two spacer pads stacked together.

[0099] FIG. 8 shows a lower extremity garment 400 having pockets 801 and 802 formed therein, wherein each pocket retains two spacer pads in a stacked orientation relative to one another. Here, two spacer pads 701 and 702 are illustrated as being disposed in pocket 801 , and two spacer pads 703 and 704 are illustrated as being disposed in pocket 802.

[0100] In use, a spacer pad of the invention employed in its intended position can advantageously widen the user’s natural stance and thereby improve the stability of the user when standing, which can be referred to as static stability, and when ambulatory, i.e., walking, jogging, or running, which can be referred to as dynamic stability. The natural stance of a person not using a spacer pad of the invention results in the feet being spaced apart at a distance, a, of about 6-12 inches apart. See FIG. 9A. FIG. 9B illustrates that the stance of a person using a pair of spacer pads of the invention results in the feet being spaced apart at a distance, b, greater than 12 inches, and preferably about 15 inches to about 18 inches, and greater, up to about 24 inches apart when a plurality of spacer pads are used in stacked configuration on each inner thigh of the user.

[0101] In accordance with the invention, embodiments of the spacer pad, lower extremity garments and spacer pad straps comprising the spacer pad include:Daily-wear balance briefs for females and daily-wear balance briefs for males.

[0102] Daily-wear balance briefs for females and males can provide all-day comfort and allday stability. These lower extremity garments are simple to put on and take off. The dailywear balance briefs are designed to replace regular underwear but can be worn over them, if preferred. Like boxer briefs or bike / yoga shorts, they should fit snugly without being overly tight.

[0103] Examples of embodiments of the Daily-wear balance briefs for females and males according to the subject invention are illustrated in FIGs. 11A-11 C. These briefs feature spacer pads between the inner thighs which function as a touch-based cue or pressure signal. The placement of the padding does not produce an overwhelming pressure on the thighs, and is comfortable, flexible, machine washable, and dryable. The versatile removable spacer pads are comprised of closed-cell poly foam with 4-pound density. Pockets sewn into the briefs allow different spacer pad thicknesses to be inserted based on body size and leg length. These briefs can have a pocket for insertable spacer pads or can be provided with a permanently sewn-in spacer padding. The preferred spacer pads measure 2x4 inches,running from the front to the back of the leg. They are V2 inch thick and can be stacked up to 1.5 inches per leg (3 separate spacer pads in each pocket). So far, our findings affirm that this size has worked well for normal daily activities, but may benefit from using different material, foam, or the like. Users are likely to be 40+ years old, aiming for pain prevention and better balance and stability. Looking ahead, we aim to explore infrared fabric that uses body heat to boost blood flow.Active Briefs for females and Active Briefs for males

[0104] Active Briefs for females and males are designed for dynamic individuals seeking a sleek, sporty look. These briefs feature padding optimized for running, sprinting, and extended strides, surpassing the everyday needs of Balance customers. They are also washable and dryable, and offer comfort for athletes and weekend warriors alike, preferably used, for example, by young athletes desiring workout gear that eases back pain, by golfers desiring mitigation of knee discomfort, and the like. Features of the Active Briefs for females and males include infrared fabric that uses body heat to boost circulation or moisture-wicking material to minimize sweat.

[0105] Active Briefs for females and males are designed for dynamic individuals seeking a sleek, sporty look. These briefs feature padding optimized for running, sprinting, and extended strides, surpassing the everyday needs of Balance customers. They are also washable and dryable, and offer comfort for athletes and weekend warriors alike, preferably used, for example, by young athletes desiring workout gear that eases back pain, by golfers desiring mitigation of knee discomfort, and the like. Features of the Active Briefs for females and males include infrared fabric that uses body heat to boost circulation or moisture-wicking material to minimize sweat.

[0106] Active Briefs are preferably a single-piece design: shorts with a built-in liner housing the spacer pads. The spacer padding in Active Briefs is more flexible and extends longer (from front to back) than standard briefs, contouring around the leg like football girdles or baseball sliding shorts. During long strides when jogging, sprinting, exercising, or playing sports, the spacer pads move smoothly while still providing the crucial pressure cue to the inner thigh.

[0107] Examples of embodiments of the Active Briefs for females according to the invention are illustrated in FIGs. 12A and 12B.Sleep Wear for females and Sleep Wear for males

[0108] The sleepwear embodiment comprises a cozy brief or short crafted from ultra-soft, sleep-friendly fabric, with cooling properties. These feature an extended, wider cushion along the inner thigh, reaching down to the knee area. This spacer padding can replace the need for a pillow between the legs during sleep, offering extra stability throughout the night. The flexible, soft cushioning ensures all-night comfort, even during extended periods in one position. This embodiment is configured to spread pressure evenly, which can prevent skin damage from prolonged contact. In a preferred embodiment, the spacer padding is plush enough to avoid risk of discomfort. The spacer pad comprises a material which is breathable and gentle on the skin, promoting a restful sleep. The innovative sleepwear embodiment combines practicality with luxurious comfort for a better night's rest and greater stability when moving to a standing position.

[0109] Examples of an embodiment of the sleepwear comprising a spacer pad according to the invention are illustrated in FIGs. 13A and 13B.Spacer Pad Strap (unisex)

[0110] Spacer pad straps according to the subject invention function like briefs, incorporating spacer padding on the inner thigh to boost muscle use and widen the base of support at the feet. The strap design facilitates placement and removal of the spacer pad when a lower extremity garment is impractical or difficult to employ. Quick application and removal of a spacer pad strap can be beneficial for hospitals, nursing homes, and rehabilitation centers.

[0111] The spacer pad strap preferably has a stretchable property, while remaining firm to withstand long-term use. In one preferred embodiment, the joint stability strap attaches to itself using hook-and-loop material, such as Velcro®, or using woven straps carrying loop buckles for size changes. The spacer pad strap size should fit leg width and spacer pad thickness. If the spacer pads are permanently disposed within the strap, its depth is preferably optimized for the height and leg size of the user. For example, the joint stability strap can be manufactured in set sizes: e.g., small, medium, large, extra-large, and the like. In busy environments, size differences should be immediately apparent. Preferred materials for the spacer pad strap are able to withstand high heat for cleaning when made to be reused or used on different users. In one preferred embodiment, an economically suitable material is used to make the spacer pad strap so that the entire article can be disposable after each use.

[0112] Preferred spacer pad straps can be up to about 4" to about 12” in width. Siliconestrips can be added on the inner face at the top and bottom to prevent sliding.

[0113] Examples of embodiments of the spacer pad stability strap according to the invention are illustrated in FIGs. 16A-16D.

[0114] Referring specifically to the Figures, FIGs. 11A-110 show depictions of various views of a lower extremity garment embodiment comprising a spacer pad in accordance with the invention styled for an adult female body and useful for daily wear. FIG. 11 A shows a front view of a daily-wear embodiment of a lower extremity garment 1100 configured for females and comprising a set (pair) of spacer pads 1101 retained at the right and left inner thigh positions in the leg portions 1102 of the lower extremity garment of the subject invention. FIG. 11 B shows a back view of a daily-wear embodiment of a lower extremity garment 1100 configured for females and comprising a set of spacer pads 1101 retained at the right and left inner thigh positions of the lower extremity garment. A front elevational view of this daily wear embodiment of the garment styled for use by adult males 1110 is shown in FIG. 11 C, showing the positioning of spacer pads 1101 in the right and left thigh region and includes illustration of the waistband 1405. FIG. 11 C is provided to illustrate the different contours formed to fit the male hip and leg area compared to the female form, and to illustrate that the garment can be provided with a flap fly or button fly (not shown) configuration.

[0115] FIGs. 12A and 12B show depictions of front and rear views of a lower extremity garment embodiment comprising a spacer pad in accordance with the invention; FIG. 12A shows a front view of an active-wear embodiment of a lower extremity garment 1200 configured for females and comprising a set of spacer pads 1201 retained at the right and left inner thigh positions of the lower extremity garment 1200. The active-wear embodiment features a longer pant leg 1205 than the daily wear configuration and has contoured stitching 1202 for support and reinforcement to withstand expected more rigorous use and wear. This same embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 12B, showing a back or rear view of the active-wear embodiment 1200. An active-wear configuration for males is not shown but combines the features and configurations of FIG. 11 C adapted with reinforcement stitching shown for the active-wear embodiment. .

[0116] Another embodiment, designed for use as sleepwear, is depicted in FIGs. 13A and 13B. The sleepwear embodiment has a longer leg length than either the daily wear or active wear embodiments and has minimal reinforcement stitching to optimize comfort while the user is lounging, resting, or sleeping. The sleepwear embodiment features a longer pant leg than the daily wear and active-wear embodiments. FIG. 13A shows a front view of a sleepwear embodiment of a lower extremity garment 1300 configured for females andcomprising a set of spacer pads 1301 retained at the right and left inner thigh positions of the sleepwear lower extremity garment 1300. The sleepwear embodiment spacer pads 1301 used with the sleepwear lower extremity garment are dimensioned to be larger (longer and wider) than the spacer pads used in the active-wear and daily wear embodiments and generally do not include contoured reinforced stitching for support. A rear view of this same embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 13B. A sleep wear configuration for males is not shown but combines the features and configurations of FIG. 11 C adapted to the sleepwear embodiment shown in FIGs 13A and 13B.

[0117] FIG. 14 shows an exploded perspective view of a pantleg of a lower extremity garment 1400 according to any one of the above-described daily wear, active-wear, or sleepwear embodiments, illustrating that spacer pad 1401 is retained within an inner layer 1402 and outer layer 1403 of the garment pant leg, contiguous with the lower extremity garment, and is positioned at the inner thigh area of the user. Outer layer 1403 is formed over the spacer pad 1401 , whereby inner layer 1402 and outer layer 1403 form a pocket for receiving, retaining, or removing the spacer pad. The pocket can be sewn closed to permanently retain the spacer pad. Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 15, the pocket can include a flap closure 1501 to permit the pocket to be opened for receiving and removal of the spacer pad by the user.

[0118] A spacer pad of the invention can also be included as a permanently embedded part of a stability strap embodiment. This embodiment is useful for easy placement and removal by the user or, when the wearer is debilitated or otherwise unable to wear or don a lower extremity garment, by a third party such as a caretaker or healthcare worker. For example, in a hospital or elder care facility, a person other than the wearer may struggle with putting on and taking off the lower extremity garment comprising the spacer pad. By use of the stability strap embodiment, ease of placement and removal can save time and effort for providing the wearer with the spacer pad.

[0119] One embodiment of a spacer pad strap of the invention is illustrated in FIGs. 16A and 16B. FIGs. 16A and 16B show views of a spacer pad strap 1600 comprising a spacer pad disposed in spacer pad pocket 1601 .

[0120] FIG. 16A shows a top (outer face) view of an embodiment of strap 1600 illustrating slot 1602 at a first end 1610 of the strap and a second end 1603 of the strap, which are integral with a connecting middle or central section 1605 which tapers from the width of the first end 1610 to the width of second end section 1603, adjoining the first and second ends to form a unitary strap. When in use, the second end 1603 of the strap can be wrappedaround the upper thigh area of the wearer, inserted through slot 1602, and secured onto itself using a fastening means, preferably a hook-and-loop material 1604 disposed proximate to second end 1603 and on the outer face of the strap 1600. Spacer pad area 1601 is a pocket formed between two layers of material forming this portion of the strap.

[0121] FIG. 16B shows a bottom (inner face) view of this embodiment of strap 1600, illustrating the corresponding positioning of slot 1602 at first end 1610 of the strap, said slot being used for receiving the second end 1603 of the strap. Spacer pad area 1601 corresponds to the spacer pad area 1601 shown in the outer face of the strap illustrated in FIG. 16A and forms a pocket for receiving and retaining spacer pad. Closure means area 1612 corresponds to the positioning of the hook-and-loop material closure means disposed on the outer face of the strap illustrated in FIG. 16A.

[0122] The spacer pad strap embodiment is further illustrated in FIG. 16C, which is a depiction of strap 1600 comprising a spacer pad 100 according to the subject invention and is shown in a cutaway view to illustrate a pocket 1611 formed in spacer pad area 1601 of the strap.

[0123] FIG. 16D shows a perspective view of a spacer pad strap 1600 as configured in use, comprising a spacer pad retained within spacer pad area 1601 and showing second end 1603 inserted through slot 1602.

[0124] One preferred embodiment of a spacer pad of the invention comprises the spacer pad configured as a substantially rectangular panel having an flat outer face and a flat inner face, and having a plurality of contiguous side walls extending from each edge of the panel, forming a tray-shaped spacer pad having a recessed area on the bottom side (inner face) of the tray-shaped spacer pad. This tray-shaped spacer pad configuration is illustrated in FIGs. 17A-17D, where FIG. 17A illustrates a front or top elevational view of an inner face of spacer pad 1700 in the tray configuration embodiment of a spacer pad of the invention. Illustrated in this view are the indented transverse ridge 1704 and side walls 1705 bounding and integrally formed with the panel 1701 forming the top outer face of the spacer pad. The inner face of this spacer pad 1700 is shown in FIG. 17B, again illustrating the side walls 1705 bounding and integrally formed with the panel 1702, forming two or more recessed areas 1702 within the bottom face of the spacer pad, and the transverse support ridge 1704 protruding into the recess.

[0125] The side view of the spacer pad 1700 is shown in FIG. 17C, showing the top face formed as a substantially flat panel 1701 having the transverse support ridge 1703indentedly formed therein. Side panels 1705 can be linear or curvilinear in profile, and the curvilinear embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 17C. End-view FIG. 17D also shows top panel 1701 of a spacer pad 1700, having side walls 1705 that can be substantially linear or curvilinear or formed to include both linear and curvilinear portions.

[0126] In use, two or more tray-configured spacer pads can be stacked, one on top of another to provide a thicker pad compared to using only a single pad. To optimize the fit or nesting of two or more spacer pads having the tray configuration, the tray configuration provides matingly engaging side walls, and a centrally disposed transverse ridge formed in the otherwise flat panel of the spacer pad. The ridge 1703 is indented into the outer face (top side) of the flat floor panel of the spacer pad and forms a raised or protruding ridge 1704 on the inner face (bottom side) of the panel of the spacer pad. Preferably, the height of the ridge is no greater than the height of the side wall, and more preferably is less than the height of the side wall.

[0127] Other embodiments within the scope of the invention include a raised cushion embodiment of the spacer pad 1800, as shown in FIG. 18. This embodiment is shown having an optional peripheral flange 1801 surrounding the inner face of the spacer pad and the cushioned area 1802 forming the top, outer face 1803 of the spacer pad.

[0128] FIG. 19 illustrates an embodiment of a spacer pad 1900 of the invention having a domed outer face 1901. The shape of this embodiment of the spacer pad is shown as oval but can be rectangular or other geometric shape as desired. The domed outer face can optionally include a peripheral flange as illustrated and described for embodiment 1800. The inner face of spacer pad 1900 can be substantially flat, or can be concave or recessed as described herein.

[0129] Another embodiment of a spacer pad of the invention is shown in FIG. 20, depicting spacer pad 2000 in domed configuration, and having transverse or longitudinal grooves 2001 formed on the top or outer surface of the spacer pad. These grooves can facilitate bending and twisting of the spacer pad by allowing the surface to be manipulated with a lowered risk of tearing the outer surface of the spacer pad.

[0130] The embodiments of the spacer pad can have an inner face (the face positioned proximate to the inner thigh) having a recessed area, as shown in FIGs. 17B or, alternatively, the inner face can be concave, as illustrated in FIG. 21 , where spacer pad 2100 is illustrated having its inner face 2101 formed as a recessed or concave area. These configurations where a face of the spacer pad is not from as a substantially flat surface canbe provided for a plurality of reasons, including ergonomics, comfort, as well as prevention of slippage or misalignment when two or more spacer pads are stacked together.

[0131] Any standard material may be used to form the components of these embodiments of the invention. For example, the garment material may be a natural fiber, e.g., cotton or silk, or can be a synthetic material, e.g., polyester, nylon, spandex, or rayon. Alternatively, the garment material may be a blend of fabrics, natural or synthetic. Preferably the garment material has properties that provide comfort, durability, stretchability, elasticity, or the like, to the garment. Certain features, such as perspiration absorption, moisture wicking, or odor resistance properties are well known in the art and can be employed for the manufacture of the garment. For example, one such fabric used comprises 78% nylon and 22% spandex. In another embodiment, the fabric can comprise 95% nylon and 5% spandex. These and other materials are exemplary and are not intended to limit the type or mixture or blends of fabrics that can be used.

[0132] Materials used to form the spacer pad are generally a cushioned foam material, such as neoprene or preferably, a polyethylene foam, which is moldable and durable and is comfortable during wear.

[0133] A spacer pad of the invention can include various sizes and shapes and is not limited to substantially flat outer and inner faces. The spacer pad of the invention can be configured having a concave or convex surface, where the pad conforms to the general body shape of the user. For example, the inner face can be concave or recessed to conform to the shape of the thigh. The outer face of the spacer pad can be convex or domed, having a raised portion in the central area of the outer face and a lower profile on the peripheral edges of the spacer pad. The spacer pad can have a substantially flat outer face and an inner face comprising a recessed area, forming peripheral side walls, providing a “tray” configuration for the spacer pad. This tray configuration can facilitate stacking of more than one spacer pad together, wherein the side walls can facilitate retaining each of the stacked spacer pads in position relative to one another, i.e., prevent slippage out of position of the two or more stacked spacer pads.

[0134] The spacer pad can also include a transverse protruding or recessed ridge formed in an inner or outer face of the spacer pad, also to prevent slippage and misalignment of stacked spacer pads relative to one another.

[0135] The spacer pad of the invention can also include transverse or patterned grooves formed in the outer face of the spacer pad to facilitate bending of the spacer pad.

[0136] In use, the invention concerns a method for providing a wider stance or base of support at the feet for a person, whether the person is static (standing) or is engaged in dynamic motion, such as walking, or running. The method of the invention employs at least one spacer pad positioned along the inner thigh area of the leg. Preferably, the method employs the use of at least two spacer pads, one positioned on a right thigh area and one on the left thigh area of the legs. Alternatively, a plurality of spacer pads may be employed, wherein the user can employ more than one spacer pad on each of the right and left thigh areas of the leg to increase the space between the thighs and thus increase the stance width.

[0137] The spacer pad can be secured in place using a strap or belt which engages the at least one spacer pad, wherein the user wraps the strap around the thigh area of the leg to hold the spacer pad in position. In a preferred embodiment, the spacer pad can be enclosed in a pocket formed in the inner thigh area of a lower extremity garment. In this method, the spacer pad can be received within the pocket and permanently or removably retained within the pocket of the lower extremity garment which, while worn by the user, can widen the user’s stance.

[0138] The spacer pad of the invention provides a cue to the user to increase hip abduction, resulting in improved stability when the person is static (standing still) or in dynamic motions, such as walking or running. The spacer pad can be attached or secured in a variety of ways to maintain proper positioning and can be made from a variety of materials that produce the desired action when used in the desired way.

[0139] The foregoing description is illustrative only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the precise terms set forth. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to certain embodiments, variations and modifications exist within the scope and spirit of the invention as described and defined in the following claims. The above disclosure and examples generally describe the present invention and are provided for purposes of illustration and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0140] The invention described herein may be practiced in the absence of any element or elements, limitation or limitations which are not specifically disclosed herein. Thus, for example, in each instance herein, any of the terms “comprising,” “consisting essentially of,” and “consisting of” may be replaced with either of the other two terms. The terms and expressions are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possiblewithin the scope of the invention claimed. Thus, it should be understood that although the present invention has been specifically disclosed by preferred embodiments and optional features, modification and variation of the concepts herein disclosed may be resorted to by those skilled in the art, and that such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of this invention as defined by the claims.

Claims

CLAIMS1 . A lower extremity spacer pad system for stabilizing static and dynamic balance, said spacer pad system comprising a geometrically shaped pad having a length or height dimension, a width dimension, and a depth or thickness dimension, and a retaining means for retaining the spacer pad on an inner thigh area of a user, whereby the spacer pad system stabilizes static and dynamic balance of the user .

2. The spacer pad system of claim 1 , wherein the material forming the spacer pad is a cushioning polymeric material.

3. The spacer pad system of claim 2, wherein the cushioning polymeric material is polyethylene.

4. The spacer pad system of claim 1 , wherein the means for retaining the spacer pad on an inner thigh area or the user is selected from a strap and a lower extremity garment.

5. The spacer pad system of claim 4, wherein the retaining means is a strap which is affixed to the spacer pad.

6. The spacer pad system of claim 4, wherein the retaining means is a strap comprising a pocket for containing the spacer pad therewithin.

7. The spacer pad system of claim 6, wherein the pocket has an open side to facilitate emplacement and removal of the spacer pad.

8. A lower extremity garment for stabilizing static and dynamic balance, said lower extremity garment comprisingPants having a waistband, a right pant leg and a left pant leg, and a spacer pad positioned at an inner thigh area of at least one of the right pant leg or left pant leg.

9. The lower extremity garment of claim 8, wherein the spacer pad is affixed to an outer surface of the pant leg.

10. The lower extremity garment of claim 9, wherein at least one of the right pant leg or left pant leg comprises a pocket for receiving and retaining the spacer pad.1 1. The lower extremity garment of claim 10, wherein the pocket has an open side allowing auser to emplace and remove the spacer pad.

12. The lower extremity garment of claim 10, wherein the pocket opening comprises a flap closure.

13. The lower extremity garment of claim 10, wherein the pocket is closed to permanently retain the spacer pad therein.

14. The lower extremity garment of claim 10 wherein the pocket is closed by sewing.

15. The lower extremity garment of claim 8 wherein the lower extremity garment is provided for daily wear.

16. The lower extremity garment of claim 8 wherein the lower extremity garment comprises support stitching for active wear.

17. The lower extremity garment of claim 8 wherein the lower extremity garment is provided for sleepwear.

18. A method for stabilizing static and dynamic balance in a person, said method comprisingProviding at least one spacer pad system of claim 1 ,- Positioning and retaining the spacer pad at an inner thigh area of a user, wherein the positioning of the spacer pad is maintained during normal activity of the user.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein the method comprises at least two spacer pads, whereby at least one first spacer pad is retained at an upper thigh area on a right leg of the user and at least one second spacer pad is retained at an upper thigh area on a left leg of the user.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the spacer pads are retained in position by a strap affixed to each of the spacer pads whereby the strap is wrapped around the thigh area and affixed in place on the upper thigh area of the user.21 . The method of claim 19 wherein the spacer pads are retained using a lower extremity garment having a right pant leg and a left pant leg, wherein the lower extremity garment comprises spacer pads positioned at an inner thigh area of each right and left pant leg of the lower extremity garment.

22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the spacer pads are retained in a pocket formed in each pant leg of the lower extremity garment.

23. The method of claim 18 wherein the positioning of the spacer pads tactically cues a wider stance for the user and thereby increases the distance between the feet in a standing position.

24. The method of claim 18, wherein the method facilitates hip, core, and lower extremity muscle activation.

25. The method of claim 18, wherein the method provides improved balance to the user.

26. The method of claim 18, wherein the method reduces orthopedic or joint pain.

27. The method of claim 18, wherein the method improves posture for the user.

28. The method of claim 18, wherein the method reduces chafing of skin.

29. A unitary stability strap for retaining a spacer pad to increase stance width, said stability strap having a first end section having a width of about 4 inches to about 8 inches, and a second end section having a width of about 2 inches to about 6 inches, whereby the first end section is wider than the second end section, wherein the first end section and second end section are integrally formed with a middle section which is tapered and connects the first end section with the second end section to form a unitary stability strap having a length of about 18 “ to about 30”, whereby the middle section of the spacer pad strap comprises a pocket for retaining a spacer pad of claim 1 .

30. The spacer pad strap of claim 29, wherein the first end section comprises a slot for receiving and retaining the second end section looped therethrough to form a spacer pad strap which encircles an upper thigh area of a user.31 . The spacer pad strap of claim 29, wherein the second end section comprises a fastening means for affixing the spacer pad strap in place on an upper thigh area of the user.

32. The spacer pad of claim 31 , wherein the fastening means is a hook-and-loop material disposed on at least one face of the spacer pad strap.

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