Method for producing a composite pane with a functional insert part

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a composite pane (100) with a functional insert part (6), having the following steps: a) providing a first pane (1) with a first surface (I) and a second surface (II), a second pane (3) with a third surface (III) and a fourth surface (IV), a first connecting film (2), a second connecting film (4), and a frame film (5), each of which consists of a thermoplastic material, said frame film (5) having a cut-out (8), and providing a separating film (13), b) producing a first layer stack (20) containing the first pane (1) and the second pane (3), said second surface (II) and third surface (III) facing each other, with the interposition of the first connecting film (2) and the second connecting film (4), said first connecting film (2) being directly adjacent to the first pane (1), said second connecting film (4) being directly adjacent to the second pane (3), said separating film (13) being provided between the first connecting film (2) and the second connecting film (4), c) laminating the first layer stack (20) in order to rigidly connect the first pane (1) to the first connecting film (2) and in order to rigidly connect the second pane (3) to the second connecting film (4), whereby a first composite (14), consisting of the first pane (1) and the first connecting film (2), and a second composite (15), consisting of the second pane (3) and the second connecting film (4), are produced, d) separating the first composite (14) from the second composite (15) at the separating film (13) and removing the separating film (13), e) producing a second layer stack (21) containing the first composite (14) and the second composite (15), said second surface (II) and third surface (III) facing each other, said frame film (5) being provided between the first composite (14) and the second composite (15) and having a cut-out (8) which forms a receiving space (16), said functional insert (6) being provided in the receiving space (16) or adjacently to the receiving space (16), at least one inlet opening (17) and at least one outlet opening (18) being formed, each of which opens into the receiving space, f) laminating the second layer stack (21), in particular by means of an autoclaving process, g) filling an optically clear adhesive (7) into the receiving space (16) of the laminated second layer stack (21) through the inlet opening (17), gaseous substances contained in the receiving space (16) being allowed to escape through the outlet opening (18), and h) curing the optically clear adhesive (7).

Description

[0001] Method for producing a composite pane with a functional insert

[0002] The invention lies in the technical field of industrial pane production and relates to a method for producing a composite pane with a functional insert, a composite pane produced in particular by the method according to the invention and the use thereof.

[0003] Laminated panes typically consist of two panes and a thermoplastic interlayer that firmly bonds (laminates) the two panes together. The thermoplastic interlayer is typically made from one or more thermoplastic bonding films (also known as laminating films), particularly PVB films. Laminated panes are generally manufactured by autoclaving, where the panes are bonded together via the thermoplastic bonding films at high temperature and high pressure.

[0004] It is known to provide a composite pane with a functional insert embedded in the thermoplastic intermediate layer. Functional inserts are designed, for example, in the form of electro-optical functional elements. These are planar structures with electrically controllable optical properties of an active layer. This means that the optical properties of the active layer, and in particular its transparency and scattering behavior, can be controlled by an applied electrical voltage. Examples of electro-optical functional elements are SPD functional elements (SPD = Suspended Particle Device), which are known, for example, from EP 0876608 B1 and WO 2011033313 A1, and PDLC functional elements (PDLC = Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal), which are known, for example, from DE 102008026339 A1.

[0005] Functional inserts are laminated between two thermoplastic bonding films of usually the same thickness in a laminated pane. To compensate for the difference in thickness, a thermoplastic frame film can be used, which is inserted between the two thermoplastic bonding films and surrounds the functional insert in a frame-like manner. The functional insert is thus inserted into a cutout in the frame film, with the functional insert surrounded like a passe-partout to protect it from excessive mechanical stress during lamination of the laminated pane. For example, WO 2007 / 122428 A1 uses two thermoplastic bonding films made of PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a frame film made of PVB with a thickness of 0.38 mm to integrate an SPD functional element into a laminated pane. WO 2007 / 122429 A1 describes the same structure for liquid crystal-based functional elements.

[0006] Although the use of a frame film can significantly reduce the mechanical stress on the functional insert, the lamination of the laminated pane places mechanical stress on the functional insert, particularly when curved panes are laminated, which is often the case. In particular, the two panes may have different curvatures due to production tolerances or because this is desired. This can lead to reversible but also irreversible defects in the functional insert, such as a damaged active layer in an electro-optical functional element. Certain functional inserts can also be particularly sensitive to mechanical stress, such as photovoltaic modules integrated into the laminated pane, which can break during lamination.

[0007] WO 2024 / 0281 13 A1 discloses a method for producing a composite pane containing an optically clear adhesive, in which a release film is used.

[0008] WO 2024 / 028109 A1 discloses a process for producing a composite pane containing an optically clear adhesive, in which the optically clear adhesive is used in film form.

[0009] The subsequently published WO 2024 / 116075 A1 discloses a method for producing a composite pane in which [ EH2] a frame made of thermoplastic material is produced in situ.

[0010] In contrast, the object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for producing composite panes with integrated functional inserts. The composite panes should be easy, cost-effective, and reliable to produce in large numbers in industrial series production with high optical quality and low waste. These and other objects are achieved according to the proposal of the invention by a method for producing a composite pane according to the independent patent claim. Advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims. A composite pane produced in particular by the method according to the invention and its use emerge from the independent patent claims.

[0011] According to the invention, a method for producing a composite pane with a functional insert is shown, wherein the functional insert is integrated into the composite pane, ie it is located in the intermediate layer between the two (individual) panes of the composite pane.

[0012] The method comprises the following steps, which are carried out, for example, in the specified order according to alphabetical designation, whereby the order according to alphabetical designation is not mandatory if this is technically reasonable, as follows from the following description.

[0013] Step a)

[0014] A first pane and a second pane are provided. The panes each have two surfaces (main surfaces) intended for viewing and, in particular, arranged substantially parallel to one another, as well as an edge surface extending therebetween. The first pane has a first surface (I) and a second surface (II). The second pane has a third surface (III) and a fourth surface (IV).

[0015] Furthermore, a first connecting film made of a thermoplastic material and a second connecting film made of a thermoplastic material are provided. Furthermore, a frame film (frame-shaped film) made of a thermoplastic material is provided. The frame film has a cutout that is delimited in the plane of the frame film by the thermoplastic material of the frame film, i.e., the cutout is an internal cutout of the frame film.

[0016] Furthermore, a release film is provided, which consists of a material that does not bond firmly to the first connecting film and the second connecting film in the subsequent step c), i.e., does not form an adhesive bond with the first connecting film and the second connecting film. Furthermore, a functional insert is provided. The functional insert has a flat design. The functional insert has two surfaces (main surfaces) that are arranged essentially parallel to one another, as well as an edge surface extending between them.

[0017] Step b)

[0018] A first layer stack is produced which contains the first pane and the second pane, wherein the second surface (II) of the first pane and the third surface (III) of the second pane face one another. In the first layer stack, the first connecting film and the second connecting film are arranged between the first pane and the second pane, wherein the first connecting film is arranged directly adjacent to the first pane and the second connecting film is arranged directly adjacent to the second pane. Within the meaning of the invention, a plurality of first connecting films and / or a plurality of second connecting films can equally be provided in the first layer stack.In other words, the method according to the invention also includes the case where, in the first layer stack, a plurality of first connecting films are present instead of a single first connecting film and / or a plurality of second connecting films are present instead of a single second connecting film.

[0019] Furthermore, a separating film is arranged between the first connecting film and the second connecting film in the first layer stack. The at least one separating film is arranged directly adjacent to the first connecting film and / or directly adjacent to the second connecting film.

[0020] The release film is not made of an adhesive material. The release film is made of a material that does not bond adhesively to the first bonding film and the second bonding film during lamination in the subsequent step c), e.g., Teflon or polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), and allows separation of the first bonding film and the second bonding film after lamination in step c) (see step d). The release film is not made of a thermoplastic (adhesive) material within the meaning of the present invention.

[0021] Step c)

[0022] The first layer stack is then laminated, creating a strong bond (adhesive bond) between the first pane and the first bonding film, as well as a strong bond (adhesive bond) between the second pane and the second bonding film. The lamination process creates a first composite consisting of the first pane and the first bonding film, and a second composite consisting of the second pane and the second bonding film.

[0023] Step d)

[0024] After lamination of the first stack of layers, the first laminate is separated from the second laminate at the release liner. The release liner is removed.

[0025] Step e)

[0026] Subsequently, a second layer stack is produced which contains the first composite and the second composite, wherein the second surface (II) of the first pane and the third surface (III) of the second pane face each other. In the second layer stack, the frame film is located between the first composite and the second composite, in direct contact with the first connecting film and / or the second connecting film. The cutout of the frame film is delimited by the first connecting film and / or the second connecting film, thereby resulting in a receiving space (here a cavity). In addition, at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening are formed, each of which opens into the receiving space.Thus, in the second layer stack, in the stacking direction, the cutout of the frame film is delimited by the first connecting film (on one side of the frame film) and / or by the second connecting film (on the other side of the frame film), resulting in the receiving space. In the second layer stack, the functional insert is arranged within the receiving space or (immediately) adjacent to the receiving space. The receiving space serves to hold optically clear adhesive in liquid form. In the event that the functional insert is arranged within the receiving space, measured in the stacking direction of the second layer stack, a thickness of the frame film is selected such that it is greater than a thickness of the functional insert. The receiving space is therefore larger than the functional insert. Therefore, the functional insert is not inserted precisely into the receiving space.It is understood that a plurality of inlet openings and / or a plurality of outlet openings may equally be provided.

[0027] Step f)

[0028] The second layer stack is then laminated, particularly preferably by autoclaving. This creates a strong bond (adhesive bond) between the first connecting film and the second connecting film and the frame film. The frame film can be bonded to the first connecting film and the second connecting film directly (through direct contact) or indirectly. The receiving space is thus sealed, with the exception of the inlet and outlet openings, which each open into the receiving space.

[0029] Step g)

[0030] After laminating the second layer stack in step f), a liquid optically clear adhesive is filled into the receiving space of the laminated second layer stack through the inlet opening, whereby gaseous substances contained in the receiving space can escape through the outlet opening.

[0031] Step h)

[0032] The optically clear adhesive cures, firmly bonding the first laminate to the second laminate. This creates the laminated pane.

[0033] According to the invention, a composite pane with an integrated functional insert is produced, wherein the two panes are firmly connected to one another by the intermediate layer. The functional insert is embedded in the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer contains, in addition to the functional insert, the thermoplastic material of the connecting foils and the frame foil, and the optically clear adhesive, wherein the optically clear adhesive is arranged entirely within the thermoplastic material. This means that the optically clear adhesive is embedded in the thermoplastic material and has direct contact with at least one main surface of the functional insert and preferably also with the edge surface of the functional insert.The receiving space formed in the intermediate layer, which is tightly sealed with the exception of the inlet and outlet openings, can be easily and reliably filled with the liquid optically clear adhesive, thereby significantly simplifying the process. The process according to the invention can be carried out in the industrial series production of laminated panes using conventional production equipment. These are major advantages of the process according to the invention, since laminated panes with an integrated functional insert can be produced in large numbers simply, cost-effectively, and reliably with high optical quality and low waste. Optically clear adhesives (OCA) are well known to those skilled in the art. This applies in particular to liquid optically clear adhesives (LOCA), which are commercially sold and freely available from a variety of suppliers.Optically clear adhesives are characterized by high optical quality with high light transmission and low-distortion transparency. They are particularly common where a virtually invisible adhesive layer is required, such as in displays or touch panels. Optically clear adhesives are often used in touch-sensitive displays, for example, to bond them to an LCD or to bond plastic covers to touch-sensitive displays.

[0034] The process according to the invention uses an optically clear adhesive in liquid form which, once cured, forms part of the intermediate layer that firmly bonds the two panes together. The optically clear adhesive can, in principle, be selected arbitrarily, as long as it is sufficiently flowable to be poured into the receiving space of the laminated second layer stack and curing is possible. The optically clear adhesive can, for example, contain or consist of polyurethane (PU), polyacrylate, silicone, epoxies, or a copolymer or mixture thereof. The optically clear adhesive advantageously consists of a casting resin, in particular based on polyurethane or silicone.

[0035] The optically clear adhesive used in the process according to the invention is curable, i.e. can be irreversibly brought into a cured state. Typically, it is a plastic which is brought into a polymer-crosslinked state by curing. This distinguishes the optically clear adhesive significantly from a thermoplastic material which, although also optically transparent, can always be softened and, in particular, brought into a flowable state again by the application of heat (i.e. reversibly). In contrast, the optically clear adhesive can no longer be softened and, in particular, brought into a flowable state once it has cured. The optically clear adhesive is therefore not a thermoplastic with adhesive properties.

[0036] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "thermoplastic" refers to a material with adhesive properties that is suitable for creating a strong bond (adhesive bond) between the two panes during lamination using the bonding foils and the frame foil. In other words, a thermoplastic, for the purposes of the invention, is a thermoplastic adhesive.

[0037] Depending on the type of optically clear adhesive, curing can occur through thermal curing (i.e., application of heat), through electromagnetic radiation, particularly UV radiation, IR radiation, or microwave radiation, through ultrasound, through the application of moisture, or through a chemical reaction between different components (particularly two-component adhesives). The time required for curing of the optically clear adhesive can be influenced by temperature in many curing processes. In particular, curing can be accelerated by applying heat. Conversely, curing can be slowed by cooling. The time required for curing can therefore be controlled, for example, by heating or cooling the optically clear adhesive.

[0038] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "lamination" refers to the creation of a strong adhesive bond under the influence of heat, vacuum, and / or pressure. Known processes for producing a composite pane can be used. Lamination by autoclaving takes place at an elevated pressure of approximately 10 bar to 5 bar and temperatures of 100°C to 50°C, preferably 20°C to 45°C, for a period of 1 hour to 4 hours, preferably 2 hours to 3 hours. Pressing in a calender between at least one pair of rollers is also possible. The temperature during the pressing process is, for example, 40°C to 50°C. Combinations of calendering and autoclaving processes have proven particularly successful in practice. Alternatively, vacuum lamination can also be used.Vacuum laminators consist of one or more heatable and evacuatable chambers in which the glass panes are laminated over a period of, for example, approximately 60 minutes at a reduced pressure of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and a temperature of 80°C to 170°C. Conventional vacuum bag or vacuum ring processes, for example, operate at approximately 200 mbar and 80°C to 110°C. The lamination of laminated panes has been described many times in the patent literature and is well known to those skilled in the art from the industrial series production of laminated panes, so it need not be discussed in detail here.

[0039] In step c) of the method according to the invention, the first layer stack is laminated to firmly bond the first pane to the first bonding film and to firmly bond the second pane to the second bonding film. Lamination is preferably carried out using a known vacuum heating process, i.e., a vacuum bag process in which the first layer stack is placed in a vacuum bag and heated in an oven. In step c), the first layer stack is preferably not autoclaved (i.e., not heated while simultaneously applying pressure to the first layer stack).

[0040] In step f) of the method according to the invention, the second layer stack is laminated to create a firm connection between the first connecting film and the second connecting film, each with the frame film (directly or indirectly), and to tightly seal the receiving space. All openings in the receiving space, with the exception of the inlet and outlet openings, must be closed by softening the thermoplastic material and filling all free air spaces, in particular between the inlet and outlet openings, which may be formed, for example, in the form of nozzles, and the thermoplastic material of the frame film. Furthermore, in step f), a firm connection (adhesive connection) between the two panes is created by the connecting films and the frame film.

[0041] Particularly preferably, in step f), the second layer stack is laminated by autoclaving, whereby the second layer stack is heated under pressure. Typical parameters for autoclaving are mentioned above.

[0042] According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, in step b) the functional insert is arranged between the first connecting film and the release film in direct contact with the first connecting film or between the second connecting film and the release film in direct contact with the second connecting film, wherein in step c) the functional insert is firmly (adhesively) connected to the first connecting film or the second connecting film, depending on which connecting film the functional insert is in direct contact with. In this case, in step e), the functional insert firmly connected to the first connecting film or the second connecting film and the frame film are positioned relative to one another such that the functional insert is located within the receiving space or adjacent to the receiving space. In the second layer stack, the receiving space is formed by the cutout in the frame film.This measure has the particular advantage that the functional insert is firmly connected to the first connecting film or the second connecting film during production of the second layer stack and can therefore also be positioned in a slip-proof manner. According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, in step b) a further frame film with a cutout is provided in the first layer stack, wherein the functional insert and the further frame film are positioned such that the functional insert is located within the cutout of the further frame film. The further frame film can advantageously make it possible to considerably reduce the mechanical load on the functional insert during lamination of the first layer stack in step c). With regard to the mechanical load on the functional insert, it is particularly advantageous if, measured in the stacking direction, a dimension orThickness of the additional frame film is equal to a dimension or thickness of the functional insert.

[0043] According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, in step b), the additional frame foil is arranged in the first layer stack in direct contact with the connecting foil with which the functional insert has direct contact. In this case, the additional frame foil is a component of the first composite or second composite produced in step c). In this case, in step e), during the production of the second layer stack, the frame foil is arranged in direct contact with the additional frame foil.

[0044] According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, in step b), a further release film is arranged in the first layer stack between the further frame film and the connecting film with which the functional insert has direct contact. In this case, the further frame film is not a component of the first composite or second composite produced in step c), but is removed along the further release film. The further release film is also removed.

[0045] In the aforementioned embodiments, in step e), the functional insert, which was firmly bonded to the first connecting film or the second connecting film by lamination in step c), and the frame film are positioned relative to one another such that the functional insert is located within the cutout or adjacent to the cutout in the frame film. This measure has the particular advantage that the functional insert is securely positioned when the receiving space is filled in the subsequent step g). An undesired change in the position of the functional insert cannot occur. The mechanical stress on the functional insert during the lamination of the first layer stack in step c) is only temporary and acceptable, particularly when using an additional frame film. The additional frame film can be part of the second layer stack or can be removed before the second layer stack is formed.

[0046] According to an alternative embodiment of the method according to the invention, in step b), the functional insert is not arranged between the at least one first connecting film and the separating film or between the at least one second connecting film and the separating film, so that no fixed connection is created between the functional insert and the first connecting film or second connecting film. This measure can be advantageous if the risk of a change in position of the functional insert when filling the receiving space in step g) is only slight and / or if mechanical stress on the functional insert in step c) is to be avoided at all costs.

[0047] According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, in step f) the second layer stack is laminated by autoclaving (i.e. heating under pressure) the complete second layer stack.

[0048] According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, between steps e) and f), the second layer stack in the region of the frame film is heated (only) in certain areas, in particular by locally exposing the second layer stack to hot air and / or electrically heating the frame film. Measures for this are explained in more detail in the exemplary embodiments. This embodiment has the particular advantage that a firm connection of the first connecting film and the second connecting film to the frame film can be carried out in a targeted manner to seal the receiving space, on the one hand to achieve a reliable and secure sealing of the receiving space and on the other hand to connect the components of the second layer stack to one another in a slip-proof manner for subsequent lamination, preferably by autoclaving. The process reliability during production of the composite pane can be considerably improved as a result.

[0049] According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the first connecting film, the second connecting film, and the frame film(s) consist of the same thermoplastic material (adhesive), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). This measure has the advantage that an adhesive bonding of the films is very easily possible if the thermoplastic material has the same softening temperature. The aforementioned materials PVB, EVA, and TPII are also particularly preferred because they are frequently used and widely accepted in the automotive industry, and the use of conventional production equipment is at least partially possible. Furthermore, the use of these materials in combination with an optically clear adhesive should only be accompanied by minor chemical reactions.With a frame film made of PVB, EVA, or TPII, which has a defined thickness and serves as a spacer, a receiving space of a defined height for the optically clear adhesive can be reliably and securely created. A particularly important advantage of PVB, EVA, or TPII is the reliable and secure sealing of an inlet and outlet nozzle embedded in the frame film. Furthermore, these materials are cost-effective.

[0050] The optically clear adhesive is completely accommodated within the receiving space. Preferably, the functional insert has direct contact with the first connecting film or with the second connecting film and no direct contact with the other connecting film. This measure enables the optically clear adhesive to have direct contact with a main surface of the functional insert, which can be associated with process engineering advantages with regard to the mechanical loading of the functional insert and strength advantages for the composite pane. Preferably, the functional insert has no direct contact with the frame film. This measure enables the optically clear adhesive to have direct contact with an edge surface of the functional insert, which can be associated with process engineering advantages with regard to the mechanical loading of the functional insert and strength advantages for the composite pane.Preferably, the liquid optically clear adhesive has direct contact with the first bonding film and / or direct contact with the second bonding film, which can provide strength benefits for the laminated pane. Preferably, the liquid optically clear adhesive has direct contact with the frame film, which can also provide strength benefits for the laminated pane.

[0051] According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, each separating film has a projection relative to the first connecting film and / or the second connecting film. This measure has the advantage that in step d), the first composite and the second composite can be easily separated from each other. For example, the projection is at least

[0052] 1 cm. The functional insert is a flat body. In principle, the insert can be designed in any desired manner, as long as its use in the composite pane according to the invention is possible and technically feasible. According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the functional insert is an electro-optical functional element with electrically controllable optical properties, in particular an SPD functional element, a functional element based on liquid crystal technology, in particular a PDLC functional element, or an electrochromic functional element, a light source or a light guide, or a photovoltaic module.

[0053] The invention also extends to a composite pane which is preferably, but not necessarily, produced by the method according to the invention.

[0054] The composite pane comprises a first pane (e.g. glass pane) with a first surface I and a second surface II and a second pane (e.g. glass pane) with a third surface III and a fourth surface IV, wherein the first pane and the second pane are firmly connected to one another via an intermediate layer.

[0055] The intermediate layer comprises a first connecting film made of a thermoplastic material, which is firmly connected to the second surface II, a second connecting film made of a thermoplastic material, which is firmly connected to the third surface III, and a frame film made of a thermoplastic material, which is located between the first connecting film and the second connecting film and is firmly connected to them, as well as an optically clear adhesive. The frame film has a cutout that is delimited by the first connecting layer and / or the second connecting layer and forms a receiving space in which or adjacent to which a functional insert is arranged. The receiving space is filled with the optically clear adhesive. The functional insert is therefore embedded in the intermediate layer and is thus a component of the intermediate layer.The first connecting film, the second connecting film and the frame film are formed contiguously and can at least conceptually be identified as layered regions in the intermediate layer.

[0056] Depending on the manufacturing method, the intermediate layer can comprise a single frame film or two frame films located between the first connecting film and the second connecting film. If two frame films are provided, their cutouts overlap when viewed vertically through the laminated pane, with the functional insert located in the cutout of one frame film (referred to above as "further frame film") and the cutout of the other frame film forming the receiving space for the optically clear adhesive. In this case, the functional insert is arranged adjacent to the receiving space. With a single frame film, this forms the receiving space, with the functional insert located in the receiving space, the receiving space being larger than the functional insert, and the remainder of the receiving space being filled with the optically clear adhesive.In the composite pane, the receiving space is not a cavity, as it contains the optically clear adhesive and, if applicable, the functional insert.

[0057] According to one embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention, the first connecting film, the second connecting film and the frame film(s) consist of the same thermoplastic material, particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).

[0058] The panes of the composite pane contain or consist of glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, or of clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, and / or mixtures thereof. Suitable glasses are known, for example, from EP 0 847 965 B1. Preferably, the two panes are made of glass, particularly preferably of soda-lime glass, as is customary for window panes.

[0059] The panes can be clear, tinted, or colored. If the laminated pane is used as a windshield, it should have sufficient light transmission in the central viewing area, preferably at least 70% in the main viewing area A according to ECE R43. The first pane and the second pane can also be referred to as the outer and inner panes.

[0060] The first pane and the second pane can have other suitable, known coatings, for example anti-reflective coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings, sun protection coatings, or low-E coatings. The thickness of the first pane and the second pane can vary widely and can thus be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. The first pane and the second pane advantageously have standard thicknesses of 0.7 mm to 25 mm, preferably from 1.4 mm to 2.5 mm for vehicle glass and preferably from 4 mm to 25 mm for furniture, appliances, and buildings, in particular for functional radiators. The size of the panes can vary widely and depends on the size of the use according to the invention. The first and second panes have areas of 200 cm, for example, which are common in vehicle construction and architecture. 2 up to 20 m 2 on.

[0061] For the purposes of this invention, "transparent" means that the overall transmission of the laminated pane complies with the legal requirements for windshields and front side windows and preferably has a visible light transmittance of more than 70%, in particular more than 75%. Accordingly, "opaque" means a light transmittance of less than 5%, in particular 0%.

[0062] The laminated glazing can be designed to separate an interior space from the outside environment in an opening in a building or a window opening in a vehicle.

[0063] Furthermore, the invention extends to the use of the composite pane according to the invention on buildings or in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles, for example as a windscreen, rear window, side window and / or roof window, in particular in a passenger car or lorry.

[0064] The various embodiments of the invention can be implemented individually or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and below can be used not only in the specified combinations, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0065] The above statements in connection with the method according to the invention for producing a composite pane apply analogously to the composite pane according to the invention. The statements in connection with the composite pane according to the invention apply analogously to the method according to the invention for producing a composite pane. The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments, with reference to the attached figures. They show, in a simplified, schematic representation, not to scale:

[0066] Figure 1 shows a cross section through an embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention,

[0067] Figure 2 shows an exploded cross-section through an intermediate product (first layer stack) for producing the composite pane of Fig. 1,

[0068] Figure 3 shows a cross-section through a further intermediate product (second layer stack) for producing the composite pane of Fig. 1,

[0069] Figure 4 is a plan view of the frame foil of the intermediate product of Fig. 3,

[0070] Figure 5 shows a variant for processing the intermediate product of Figure 3, wherein the

[0071] intermediate product is laminated,

[0072] Figure 6 shows a laminating device for the variant of Figure 5,

[0073] Figure 7 shows a further variant for processing the intermediate product of Figure 3, in which a plate weight is used,

[0074] Figure 8 shows a laminating device for the variant of Figure 7,

[0075] Figure 9 shows another variant for processing the intermediate product of Figure 3, in which heated plate weights are used,

[0076] Figure 10 shows a further variant for processing the intermediate product of Figure 3, in which hot air is used,

[0077] Figure 11 shows a further variant for processing the intermediate product of Figure 3, in which an induction heater is used, Figure 12 shows a further variant for processing the intermediate product of Figure 3, in which electrical heating wires are used,

[0078] Figure 13 is a schematic representation of the laminated intermediate product of Figure 3 to illustrate the filling of the receiving space with optically clear adhesive,

[0079] Figure 14 is a schematic representation of a variant of the laminated intermediate product of Figure 3 to illustrate the filling of the receiving space with optically clear adhesive,

[0080] Figure 15 is a flow chart of the process for producing a composite pane.

[0081] Consider first Figure 1, which illustrates an embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention in cross-section. The section is parallel to the stacking direction of the composite pane.

[0082] The composite pane, designated overall by the reference numeral 100, comprises a layer stack which comprises a first pane 1 with a first surface I and a second surface II, and a second pane 3 with a third surface III and a fourth surface IV. In the composite pane 100, the second surface II and third surface III face one another. The first surface I and the fourth surface IV face away from one another and form the outer surfaces of the composite pane 100. The first pane 1 can also be referred to as the outer pane, and the second pane 3 as the inner pane. The two panes 1, 3 are made, for example, of soda-lime glass and have, for example, a thickness of 1.4 mm to 2.5 mm. The composite pane 100 is intended here, for example, as a transparent windshield of a motor vehicle.

[0083] The first pane 1 and the second pane 3 are firmly connected to one another via an intermediate layer 12. The intermediate layer 12 can, at least conceptually, be divided into various layered regions, which are referred to as "films" depending on their production. Thus, the intermediate layer 12 comprises a first connecting film 2 made of a thermoplastic material, which is firmly connected to the second surface II, a second connecting film 4 made of a thermoplastic material, which is firmly connected to the third surface III, and a frame film 5 made of a thermoplastic material, which is located between the first connecting film 2 and the second connecting film 4 and is firmly connected to them in direct contact. The frame film 5 has an internal cutout 8, which is delimited by the first connecting film 2 and the second connecting film 4 and forms a receiving space 16.The first connecting film 2, the second connecting film 4, and the frame film 5 are formed integrally, with the first connecting film 2 being located above the frame film 5 and the second connecting film 4 being located below the frame film 5 when stacked in the direction of gravity. The first connecting film 2, the second connecting film 4, and the frame film 5 are made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).

[0084] The intermediate layer 12 further comprises a flat functional insert 6, which is received in the cutout 8 or receiving space 16.

[0085] Measured in the stacking direction, a dimension or thickness of the frame film 5 is greater than a dimension or thickness of the functional insert 6, wherein the remaining space of the receiving space 16 not occupied by the functional insert 6 is filled with a (cured) optically clear adhesive 7. Thus, the intermediate layer 12 also comprises the optically clear adhesive 7.

[0086] The functional insert 6 is flat and has a first main surface 9 and a parallel second main surface 10, between which the edge surface 11 is located. The first main surface 9 and the second main surface 10 face away from each other. The functional insert 6 is arranged within the cutout 8 or receiving space 16 such that the first main surface 9 has direct contact with the first connecting film 2 and no direct contact with the second connecting film 4. Furthermore, the functional insert 6 has no direct contact with the frame film 5 within the receiving space 16.

[0087] The optically clear adhesive 7 is located in the receiving space 16 between the first connecting film 2 and the second connecting film 4 and is firmly bonded to them in direct contact. The optically clear adhesive 7 has direct contact with the first connecting film 2 in that area where the functional insert 6 has no direct contact with the first connecting film 2. The optically clear adhesive 7 has direct contact with the edge surface 11 and the frame film 5. Thus, the functional insert 6, which is, for example, an electro-optical functional element such as an SPD functional element or PDLC functional element, is embedded in the intermediate layer 12, with the first main surface 9 having direct contact with the first connecting film 2 and the second main surface 10 and the edge surface 11 being surrounded by the optically clear adhesive 7 and having direct contact with the optically clear adhesive 7.

[0088] The production of the composite pane 100 shown in Figure 1 is illustrated below using an embodiment of the method according to the invention.

[0089] Consider first Figure 2, in which an intermediate product (first layer stack 20) ​​for producing the composite pane 100 of Figure 1 is illustrated in an exploded view for the sake of simplicity using a cross-section. It is understood that the components of the layer stack 20 lie on top of one another during the production of the composite pane 100.

[0090] Accordingly, a first layer stack 20 is produced which contains the first pane 1, the first connecting film 2, the second pane 3, the second connecting film 4, a separating film 13 made of, for example, Teflon or PVF, and the functional insert 6. In addition, a further frame film 5' with a cutout 8' is provided. The first connecting film 2, the second connecting film 4 and further frame film 5' consist of PVB, EVA or TPII, preferably of the same thermoplastic material. In the first layer stack 20, the second surface II and the third surface III face one another. Between the first pane 1 and the second pane 3, the first connecting film 2 is arranged directly adjacent to the first pane 1 and the second connecting film 4 is arranged directly adjacent to the second pane 3.The separating film 13 is arranged between the first connecting film 2 and the second connecting film 4, with the functional insert 6 being located between the separating film 13 and the first connecting film 2. The functional insert 6 has direct contact with the first connecting film 2. The functional insert 6 is arranged within the cutout 8' of the further frame film 5'. Furthermore, a further separating film 13' is provided, which is located between the further frame film 5' and the first connecting film 2. The further separating film 13' has direct contact with the first connecting film 2 there. The further separating film 13' extends along the edge surface 11 and the second main surface 10 of the functional insert 6 and has direct contact with these surfaces of the functional insert 6. In the area of ​​the second main surface 10, the separating film 13 and the further separating film 13' come to rest on one another. The separating film therefore has.

[0091] 13 direct contact with the further frame film 5' and the further separating film 13'.

[0092] In the first layer stack 20, it would equally be possible for the functional insert 6 to have direct contact with the second connecting film 4, in which case the further frame film 5' and the further separating film 13' are arranged symmetrically on the second connecting film 4. Furthermore, it would be possible for a plurality of first connecting films 2 and / or a plurality of second connecting films 4 to be provided.

[0093] The first layer stack 20 is laminated, creating an adhesive bond between the first pane 1 and the first connecting film 2 to produce a first composite 14, and an adhesive bond between the second pane 3 and the second connecting film 4 to produce a second composite 15. Furthermore, a firm bond between the functional insert 6 and the first connecting film 2 is created. The first layer stack 20 is not autoclaved. Lamination can be performed using a conventional vacuum heating process using a vacuum bag in an oven. The precise parameters are within the grasp of the person skilled in the art and need not be explained in detail here. The key is to create the first composite 14 from the first pane 1, the first connecting film 2, and the functional insert 6, as well as the second composite 15 from the second pane 3 and the second connecting film 4.After lamination, the first composite 14 is separated from the second composite 1 at the release film 13, and the release film 13 is removed. In addition, the additional frame film 5' is removed, which is possible at the additional release film 13', and the additional release film 13' is removed. Thus, the release film 13 prevents the additional frame film 5' and the functional insert 6 from adhesively bonding to the second connecting film 4. The additional release film 13' prevents the additional frame film 5' from adhesively bonding to the first connecting film 2.

[0094] Figure 3 illustrates a further (later) intermediate product (second layer stack 21) for producing the composite pane 100 of Figure 1 using a cross-section. Figure 4 shows a plan view of the frame film 5 of the intermediate product of Figure 3.

[0095] A second layer stack 21 is produced, as illustrated in Figure 3, which contains the first composite 14 and the second composite 15, wherein the second surface II of the first pane 1 and the third surface III of the second pane 3 face each other. The frame foil 5 is arranged between the first connecting foil 2 and the second connecting foil 4 in direct contact with the first connecting foil 2 and the second connecting foil 4. The functional insert 6 is arranged within the cutout 8 of the frame foil 5.

[0096] In the second layer stack 21, the cutout 8 of the frame film 5 is delimited in the stacking direction by the first connecting film 2 and the second connecting film 4, resulting in a receiving space 16. Dimensioned in the stacking direction of the second layer stack 21, a thickness of the frame film 5 is selected such that it is greater than a thickness of the functional insert 6. Furthermore, the cutout 8 in the plane of the frame film 5 is larger than the functional insert 6. The functional insert 6 is a component of the first composite 14 and is firmly connected to the first main surface 9 in direct contact with the first connecting film 2. The functional insert 6 has no direct contact with the second composite 15 and the frame film 5. The functional insert 6 is therefore not arranged with a precise fit in the cutout 8 or receiving space 16.

[0097] An inlet opening 17 and an outlet opening 18 are provided in the frame film 5, which here are designed, for example, in the form of nozzles or tubes, and which, passing through the frame film 5, open into the receiving space 16. As can be clearly seen in the plan view of Figure 4, the inlet opening 17 and the outlet opening 18 are arranged, for example, at opposite corners of the frame film 5. The inlet opening 17 serves to fill the receiving space 16 with optically clear adhesive 7 in liquid form, wherein gaseous substances can escape via the outlet opening 18, so that the receiving space 16 can be completely filled with optically clear adhesive 7.

[0098] Before the receiving space 16 can be filled with the optically clear adhesive 7, the second layer stack 21 must be laminated, preferably by autoclaving. In particular, the receiving space 16 must be sealed. For this purpose, the thermoplastic material must be heated to a sufficient temperature so that it softens and becomes flowable, which particularly affects leaks at the inlet opening 17 and the outlet opening 18.

[0099] Various process variants are illustrated by way of example using Figures 5 to 12. Figures 5 and 6 illustrate autoclaving under the influence of gravity, with Figure 5 illustrating the basic principle and Figure 6 showing a laminating device 19 schematically. Accordingly, the second layer stack 21 is autoclaved at elevated temperature, with mechanical pressure being exerted in the second layer stack 21 solely by the gravity of the (top) first pane 1. In the laminating device 19 shown in Figure 6, a plurality of second layer stacks 21 are arranged vertically one above the other by means of spacers 22. The second layer stacks 21 each have a horizontal orientation. In this way, a plurality of second layer stacks 21 can be processed simultaneously.The laminating device 19 can be heated so that an elevated temperature acts on the second layer stacks 21, creating a firm bond (adhesive bond) between the first connecting film 2 and the second connecting film 4, each with the frame film 5, by heating. The arrows schematically illustrate the pressure acting, in particular, on the frame film 5 at elevated temperature. It is unnecessary to discuss the precise parameters during lamination, such as temperatures and temperature profiles, as these are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0100] Figures 7 and 8 illustrate a variant of the procedure illustrated in Figures 5 and 6. In this case, a plate weight 23 is additionally placed on the first surface I of the first pane 1 in order to actively exert mechanical pressure in the second layer stack 21 during autoclaving. The plate weights 23 each have a projection 24 through which the plate weight 23 rests on the second layer stack 21 in the area of ​​the frame film 5. This allows targeted mechanical pressure to be exerted in the area of ​​the frame film 5.

[0101] Figure 9 illustrates a further variant of the procedure as illustrated in Figures 7 and 8. Here, the plate weight 23 can be heated (e.g. electrically), wherein the second layer stack 21 is heated (only) locally in the area of ​​the frame film 5. The plate weight 23 rests with the projection 24 of the first pane 1 in the area of ​​the frame film 5. This allows a targeted fusion of the first connecting film 2 and the second connecting film 4 with the frame film 5. In this variant, a further plate weight 23 is arranged on the second pane 3 so that the second layer stack 21 can be subjected to mechanical pressure from both sides and heated locally.Figure 10 illustrates a further variant in which a hot-air device 25 is positioned on the first pane 1 in the region of the frame foil 5, by means of which the second layer stack 21 in the region of the frame foil 5 is locally exposed to hot air 26. This measure can also be used to specifically fuse the first connecting foil 2 and the second connecting foil 4 with the frame foil 5. Mechanical pressure can be generated solely by the gravity of the first pane 1, although active pressure application on both sides is equally possible, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 10.

[0102] Figure 11 illustrates a further variant in which an induction device 27, which encompasses the edge of the second layer stack 21, is positioned in the region of the frame foil 5. In this variant, at least the frame foil 5 is provided with ferromagnetic particles 28, which are not shown in detail in Figure 11. The ferromagnetic particles 28 can be used to locally heat the frame foil 5 by induction, whereby the first connecting foil 2 and the second connecting foil 4 are also heated. This measure can also be used to specifically fuse the first connecting foil 2 and the second connecting foil 4 with the frame foil 5 through local heating. Mechanical pressure can be generated solely by the gravity of the first pane 1, although active pressure application on both sides is equally possible, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 11.It is understood that the first connecting foil 2 and / or the second connecting foil 4 can also be provided with ferromagnetic particles.

[0103] Figure 12 illustrates a further variant in which one or more functional heating conductors 29 are arranged between the frame foil 5 and the first connecting foil 2, as well as between the frame foil 5 and the second connecting foil 4. This measure also allows for targeted fusing of the first connecting foil 2 and the second connecting foil 4 with the frame foil 5 through local heating. Mechanical pressure can be generated solely by the gravity of the first pane 1, although active application of pressure on both sides is equally possible, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 12.

[0104] In the various procedures, the second layer stack 21 can be heated only locally to fuse the first connecting film 2 and the second connecting film 4 to the frame film 5. If the second layer stack 21 is heated only locally, the second layer stack 21 must in any case be completely laminated, preferably by autoclaving. Alternatively, the second layer stack 21 can be completely laminated in one step, preferably by autoclaving.

[0105] As illustrated in Figure 3, the functional insert 6 is arranged in the second layer stack 21 in the cutout 8 of the frame foil 5 or receiving space 16. The functional insert 6 is firmly connected to the first connecting foil 2.

[0106] As illustrated in Figure 13, after lamination (preferably autoclaving) of the second layer stack 21, optically clear adhesive 7 in liquid form is poured into the receiving space 16 through the inlet opening 17, wherein gaseous substances contained in the receiving space 16 can escape through the outlet opening 18. The receiving space 16 is completely filled with the optically clear adhesive 7. The optically clear adhesive 7 has direct contact with the first connecting film 2 and direct contact with the second connecting film 4. Furthermore, the optically clear adhesive 7 has direct contact with the second main surface 10 of the functional insert 6 and with its edge surface 11. For example, the receiving space 16 can be overfilled so that a portion of the optically clear adhesive 7 escapes from the outlet opening 18, whereby complete filling of the receiving space 16 can be ensured.

[0107] Subsequently, the still-liquid optically clear adhesive 7 is cured to firmly bond the first bonding film 2 to the second bonding film 4, e.g., by UV curing if this is a suitable method for the selected optically clear adhesive 7. The inlet opening 17 and the outlet opening 18 are preferably removed. The composite pane 100 shown in Figure 1 is thus produced.

[0108] Figure 14 is a schematic representation of a variant of the laminated intermediate product (second layer stack 21) from Figure 13 to illustrate the filling of the receiving space 16 with optically clear adhesive. Accordingly, the further frame film 5' is not removed, but rather it is a component of the first composite 14, wherein the further frame film 5' is firmly connected to the first connecting film 2. During production of the first composite 14, no further release film 13' is used for this purpose, so that when the first layer stack 20 is laminated, the further frame film 5' is firmly connected to the first connecting film 2. As shown in Figure 14, the cutout 8' of the further frame film 5' and the cutout 8 of the frame film 5 are arranged in overlap when viewed vertically through the second layer stack 21.The functional insert 6, which is arranged in the cutout 8' of the further frame film 5', borders on the cutout 8 of the frame film 5, which forms the receiving space 16 for the optically clear adhesive 7.

[0109] Figure 15 illustrates the method according to the invention using a flowchart. Steps a) to h) refer to:

[0110] Step a)

[0111] Providing a first pane 1 having a first surface (I) and a second surface (II), a second pane 3 having a third surface (III) and a fourth surface (IV), a first connecting film 2, a second connecting film 4, and a frame film 5, each consisting of a thermoplastic material, wherein the frame film 5 has a cutout 8, and a separating film 13.

[0112] Step b)

[0113] Producing a first layer stack 20 containing the first pane 1 and the second pane 3, wherein the second surface (II) and the third surface (III) face each other, with the first connecting film 2 and the second connecting film 4 interposed, wherein the first connecting film 2 is arranged directly adjacent to the first pane 1 and the second connecting film 4 is arranged directly adjacent to the second pane 3, and wherein the separating film 13 is arranged between the first connecting film 2 and the second connecting film 4.

[0114] Step c)

[0115] Laminating the first layer stack 20 for firmly connecting the first pane 1 to the first connecting film 2 and for firmly connecting the second pane 3 to the second connecting film 4, whereby a first composite 14 from the first pane 1 and the first connecting film 2 and a second composite 15 from the second pane 3 and the second connecting film 4 are produced.

[0116] Step d)

[0117] Separating the first composite 14 from the second composite 15 at the release film 13 and removing the release film 13. Step e)

[0118] Producing a second layer stack 21 containing the first composite 14 and the second composite 15, wherein the second surface (II) and the third surface (III) face each other, wherein the frame film 5 is arranged between the first composite 14 and the second composite 15 and the cutout 8 of the frame film 5 forms a receiving space 16, wherein a functional insert 6 is arranged in the receiving space 16 or adjacent to the receiving space 16. In addition, at least one inlet opening 17 and at least one outlet opening 18, which each open into the receiving space, are formed.

[0119] Step f)

[0120] Laminating the second layer stack 21, in particular by autoclaving.

[0121] Step g)

[0122] Filling an optically clear adhesive 7 into the receiving space 16 of the laminated second layer stack 21 through the inlet opening 17, whereby gaseous substances contained in the receiving space 16 can escape through the outlet opening 18.

[0123] Step h)

[0124] Curing of the optically clear adhesive 7.

[0125] The procedural steps do not have to be carried out in the specified alphabetical order unless this is specified by the procedure.

[0126] From the above, it can be seen that the invention provides an improved method for producing composite panes with integrated functional inserts. The method can be implemented in the industrial series production of composite panes in conventional production facilities, allowing composite panes with high optical quality and low waste to be produced in large numbers simply, cost-effectively, and reliably. Reference numerals:

[0127] 1 first slice

[0128] 2 first connecting foil

[0129] 3 second slice

[0130] 4 second connecting foil

[0131] 5.5' frame film

[0132] 6 functional insert

[0133] 7 optically clear adhesive

[0134] 8.8' cutout

[0135] 9 first main area

[0136] 10 second main area

[0137] 11 Edge surface

[0138] 12 Intermediate layer

[0139] 13.13' release film

[0140] 14 first association

[0141] 15 second network

[0142] 16 Recording room

[0143] 17 Inlet opening

[0144] 18 Outlet opening

[0145] 19 Laminating device

[0146] 20 first layer stack

[0147] 21 second layer stack

[0148] 22 spacers

[0149] 23 Plate weight

[0150] 24 lead

[0151] 25 Hot air device

[0152] 26 Hot air

[0153] 27 Induction device

[0154] 28 ferromagnetic particles

[0155] 29 electrical heating element

[0156] 100 Composite pane I first surface of the first pane

[0157] II second surface of the first disc

[0158] III third surface of the second disc

[0159] IV fourth surface of the second disc

Claims

Claims 1. A method for producing a composite pane (100) with a functional insert (6), comprising the following steps: a) providing a first pane (1) with a first surface (I) and a second surface (II), a second pane (3) with a third surface (III) and a fourth surface (IV), a first connecting film (2), a second connecting film (4), and a frame film (5), each consisting of a thermoplastic material, wherein the frame film (5) has a cutout (8), and a separating film (13), b) producing a first layer stack (20) containing the first pane (1) and the second pane (3), wherein the second surface (II) and the third surface (III) face each other, with the first connecting film (2) and the second connecting film (4) interposed,wherein the first connecting film (2) is arranged directly adjacent to the first pane (1) and the second connecting film (4) is arranged directly adjacent to the second pane (3), and wherein the separating film (13) is arranged between the first connecting film (2) and the second connecting film (4), c) laminating the first layer stack (20) to firmly connect the first pane (1) to the first connecting film (2) and to firmly connect the second pane (3) to the second connecting film (4), whereby a first composite (14) consisting of the first pane (1) and the first connecting film (2) and a second composite (15) consisting of the second pane (3) and the second connecting film (4) are produced, d) separating the first composite (14) from the second composite (15) at the separating film (13) and removing the separating film (13), e) producing a second layer stack (21) containing the first composite (14) and the second composite (15),wherein the second surface (II) and the third surface (III) face each other, wherein the frame film (5) is arranged between the first composite (14) and the second composite (15), and the cutout (8) of the frame film (5) forms a receiving space (16), wherein the functional insert (6) is arranged in the receiving space (16) or adjacent to the receiving space (16), and wherein at least one inlet opening (17) and at least one outlet opening (18), each of which opens into the receiving space, are formed, f) laminating the second layer stack (21), in particular by autoclaving, g) filling an optically clear adhesive (7) into the receiving space (16) of the laminated second layer stack (21) through the inlet opening (17), wherein gaseous substances contained in the receiving space (16) can escape through the outlet opening (18), h) Curing of the optically clear adhesive (7).

2. Method for producing a composite pane (100) according to claim 1, wherein in step b) the functional insert (6) is arranged between the first connecting film (2) and the separating film (13) in direct contact with the first connecting film (2) or between the second connecting film (4) and the separating film (16) in direct contact with the second connecting film (4), wherein in step c) the functional insert (6) is firmly connected to the connecting film (2, 4) which is in direct contact.

3. A method for producing a composite pane (100) according to claim 2, wherein in step b) a further frame film (5') with a cutout (8') is provided in the first layer stack (20), wherein the functional insert (6) and the further frame film (5') are positioned such that the functional insert (6) is located within the cutout (8') of the further frame film (5').

4. A method for producing a composite pane (100) according to claim 3, wherein, measured in the stacking direction, a thickness of the further frame film (5') is equal to a thickness of the functional insert part (6).

5. A method for producing a composite pane (100) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the further frame foil (5') is arranged in direct contact with that connecting foil (2, 4) with which the functional insert (6) has direct contact.

6. A method for producing a composite pane (100) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a further separating film (13') is arranged between the further frame film (5') and the connecting film (2, 4) with which the functional insert (6) has direct contact, wherein the further frame film (5') and the further separating film (13') are removed after step c).

7. A method for producing a composite pane (100) according to claim 1, wherein in step e) the functional insert (6) is not firmly connected to the at least one first connecting film (2) and the at least one second connecting film (4).

8. A method for producing a composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein between steps e) and f) the second layer stack (21) in Area of ​​the frame film (5) is heated in some areas, in particular by locally applying hot air to the second layer stack (21) and / or electrically heating the frame film (5).

9. A method for producing a composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the optically clear adhesive (7) has direct contact with at least one main surface (9, 10) of the functional insert (6), and / or has direct contact with an edge surface (11) of the functional insert (6), and / or has direct contact with the first connecting film (2) and / or has direct contact with the second connecting film (4), and / or has direct contact with the frame film (5).

10. A method for producing a composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in step e) the inlet opening (17) and the outlet opening (18) are each formed by inserting a tube in or on the frame film (5). 1 1. A method for producing a composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein each separating film (13, 13') has an overhang relative to the first connecting film (2) and / or the second connecting film (4).

12. A method for producing a composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 11, in which the first connecting film (2), the second connecting film (4) and the frame film(s) (5, 5') consist of a same thermoplastic material, in particular polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPII).

13. A method for producing a composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the functional insert (6) is an electro-optical functional element with electrically controllable optical properties, in particular an SPD functional element, a functional element based on liquid crystal technology, in particular a PDLC functional element, or an electrochromic functional element, a light source or a light guide or a photovoltaic module.

14. Composite pane (100), in particular produced by the method according to one of claims 1 to 13, comprising a first pane (1) with a first surface (I) and a second surface (II), a second pane (3) with a third surface (III) and a fourth surface (IV), wherein the first pane (1) and the second pane (2) are firmly connected to one another via an intermediate layer (12), wherein the intermediate layer (12) comprises a first connecting film (2) made of a thermoplastic material, which is firmly connected to the second surface (II), a second connecting film (4) made of a thermoplastic material, which is firmly connected to the third surface (III), and a frame film (5) with a cutout (8) made of a thermoplastic material, which is located between the first connecting film (2) and the second connecting film (4) and is firmly connected to them, as well as an optically clear adhesive (7),wherein the cutout (8) of the frame film (5) forms a receiving space (16), wherein a functional insert (6) is arranged in the receiving space (16) or adjacent to the receiving space (16), and wherein the receiving space (16) is sealed by the optically clear adhesive (7).

15. Use of the composite pane (100) according to claim 14 on buildings or in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles, for example as a windscreen, rear window, side window and / or roof window.

Images