Packaging container for mortar or like, mortar or like accommodated in packaging container, method for manufacturing same, and transport method using same

Abstract

Provided is an accommodating container for accommodating a powder, the accommodating container enabling reduction of waste to reduce environmental load.　This packaging container capable of accommodating a powder as a content comprises: an enclosure having a predetermined mechanical strength and comprising a first accommodating space at a first inner side; and an interior body including a material that improves or at least does not degrade the function of the powder as the content, the interior body comprising a second accommodating space at a second inner side. At least a part of an enclosure wall at the first inner side of the enclosure and at least a part of an interior body wall at the outside of the interior body are arranged so as to be capable of being in direct or indirect contact with each other. The second accommodating space is formed in at least a part of the packaging container, and is defined by the dual walls of the enclosure wall and the interior body wall.

Description

Packaging container for mortar, etc., mortar, etc. contained in the packaging container, manufacturing method thereof, and transport method using the same

[0001] The present invention relates to a packaging container for mortar or the like, a mortar or the like contained in the packaging container, a method for producing the same, and a transport method using the same.

[0002] In recent years, there has been a desire for sustainable development to realize a sustainable, diverse, and inclusive society. Accordingly, ESG initiatives are essential for companies to achieve long-term growth. ESG stands for "Environment," "Social," and "Governance." As part of these environmental and social initiatives, waste reduction is particularly desirable. Construction-related waste accounts for a particularly large amount of industrial waste, and reducing this waste is essential for the industry going forward. In addition, environmental issues in construction must also be addressed. In particular, tile laying sites, which use large amounts of mortar, generate a large amount of waste, such as mortar bags. Furthermore, dust from the mortar and other materials removed from mortar bags worsens the environment at construction sites.

[0003] At construction sites, the process of preparing mortar involves adding water and other ingredients and kneading them. In this process, mortar is poured from a bag into a kneader, and water, such as tap water, is added and mixed using a mixing blade or other device. To combat the dust generated during this process, workers wear protective gear and ventilate the room, but this is still not sufficient. It has also been proposed to prevent dust by devising a method for supplying mixing water to a oscillating mixer (see, for example, Patent Document 1). A liquid-powder mixing device that can prevent dust from scattering when mixing powders has also been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

[0004] On the other hand, even for cement, such as mortar, which is applied by mixing powder with water, water-dispersible cement bags have been proposed to prevent dust from being generated during mixing (for example, Patent Document 3). Furthermore, while bagged cement is typically transported by roughly loading it onto a pallet and transporting the pallet, flexible container bags have been proposed to facilitate the transport of cement to locations where pallets are difficult to accommodate (Patent Document 4). However, because the bags are flexible, packing efficiency is poor, and if the bags are not strong enough, there is a risk of the bags being damaged during loading.

[0005] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-9433 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-167399 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-258845 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-326663

[0006] While it may be possible to prevent dust by improving the mixing equipment, this would require the introduction of new equipment. Furthermore, the process of removing mortar from the bags is still required, so dust generated during removal cannot be prevented. Generally, bags must be disposed of as industrial waste, preventing waste reduction. Bags are typically made of paper or other materials, but they are not necessarily strong enough and are prone to deformation and breakage during transport, making it difficult to transport bags filled with powder. The components that make up the bag are considered foreign matter from the perspective of the contents, and if at least a portion of the bag is mixed into the contents, the properties of the contents may deteriorate to the point where they become difficult to achieve their intended use. Furthermore, it is difficult to form a bag with sufficient strength from its components in water-dispersible cement bags. Therefore, there is a risk of damage to the bag during transportation of cement or other materials packaged in the bag. Furthermore, water-dispersible materials are easily weakened by moisture, which also poses a risk of damage. The bag has the advantage of being flexible and can flexibly adapt to the placement and storage environment, but if the shape is not fixed, it may be difficult to grip and may not be easy to handle during transportation.

[0007] In view of the above-described problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a packaging container for powder, including an enclosure having a predetermined mechanical strength and an inner body made of a material that at least does not deteriorate or improves the functionality of the powder contained therein. Here, the powder may be used by mixing with a fluid (which may include water) that may include a solvent or a dispersion medium. The powder may also include cement, mortar including lime mortar and premixed mortar, plaster, etc. The inner body may have a storage space therein and may be in direct or indirect contact with the powder stored in the storage space. The exterior of the inner body may be in direct or indirect contact with the inner wall of the enclosure. The outer wall of the inner body and the inner wall of the enclosure may slide against each other. The enclosure may be made of a recyclable material.

[0008] More specifically, the present invention may include the following: (1) A storage container capable of storing powder as its contents, comprising: an enclosure having a predetermined mechanical strength and having a first storage space on a first inner side; and an inner body containing a material that at least does not deteriorate or improves the function of the powder as its contents and having a second storage space on a second inner side, wherein at least a portion of an enclosure wall on the first inner side of the enclosure and at least a portion of an inner body wall on the outer side of the inner body are arranged so as to be in direct or indirect contact with each other, thereby forming a second storage space, which is a storage space defined by a double wall of the enclosure wall and the inner body wall. Here, "storage" generally means placing an object, etc. in a certain place or facility. A storage container is generally a general term for a container used to store or transport an object, liquid, gas, etc. An enclosure can generally refer to a structure or container for enclosing, protecting, or containing something. The inner body may be made of water-disintegrable paper or water-soluble paper. (2) The storage container according to (1), wherein the inner body is water-disintegrable paper or water-soluble paper. (3) The storage container according to (1) or (2), wherein at least a portion of the enclosure wall and at least a portion of the inner body wall are slidable when discharging the contents. Slidable generally means that one part or structure can slide over another part or structure while in contact with it. (4) The storage container according to any of (1) to (3), wherein the enclosure comprises a recyclable material. Recycling generally means a process in which used products and unwanted materials (waste) generated in production processes are reused as resources rather than simply discarded. Recyclable may also mean that such a process is applicable, and recyclable materials may mean materials that can be reused by such a process. (5) The storage container according to any of (1) to (4), wherein at least a portion of the enclosure has an openable opening member. Openable may also mean that the enclosure can be opened from a closed state.The opening member may be a general term for a part or mechanism used for opening (opening, separating, or separating). (6) The storage container according to any one of (1) to (5) above, characterized in that the enclosure has a roughly rectangular parallelepiped or cylindrical shape. (7) The storage container according to any one of (1) to (6) above, characterized in that at least a portion of the opening member is defined by a separation member that can be detached from the enclosure when opened. The separation member may include an opening band, a band member or tape for separation, or the like. "Defined at least a portion by a separation member" may mean that the separation member corresponds to the boundary of the opening member. (8) A method for manufacturing a powder storage container described in any one of (1) to (7) above, comprising the steps of: providing an enclosure having a predetermined mechanical strength and capable of providing a storage space therein, the enclosure having an opening member on one end side, and providing the enclosure with a separation section in at least a portion that makes it easy to open the opening member; placing an inner body inside the enclosure; and filling the storage space with the powder from the other end side of the enclosure with at least a portion of the other end side open, and then closing the other end side. (9) An apparatus for manufacturing a powder storage container according to any one of (1) to (7) above, comprising: an enclosure having a predetermined mechanical strength and capable of providing a first storage space on a first inside thereof; an inner body wall that can be placed within the first storage space so as to be in contact with at least a portion of the enclosure wall on the first inside of the enclosure; and a cylindrical body that constitutes a side surface of an inner body that defines a second storage space, the apparatus comprising: a roll on which a thin film material that is a raw material for the inner body wall is wound; a winding member that winds up the thin film material unwound from the roll and has an outer shape that mimics the second storage space; and a cutting device that cuts the thin film material, wherein the cutting device is disposed between the roll and the winding member, and cuts the thin film material into pieces necessary to form the second storage space. (10) A packaged powder in which a predetermined powder is stored in a powder storage container according to any one of (1) to (7) above.(11) A mortar made of a powder that can be stored in the powder storage container described in any one of (1) to (7), wherein the powder contains 10 to 60 parts by weight of cement and 90 to 40 parts by weight of aggregate, and the inner body of the storage container contains a thickener to be mixed with the cement and the aggregate using a fluid, or a thickener precursor that becomes a thickener upon mixing. (12) The mortar described in (11) above, wherein the powder may contain the same or a different thickener or a thickener precursor that becomes a thickener upon mixing. (13) The mortar described in (11) or (12) above, wherein the thickener includes methylcellulose and / or a derivative thereof. (14) An apparatus for filling a predetermined powder into a powder storage container according to any one of (1) to (7) above, comprising: an intermediate storage container arranged in a second storage space on a second inside of an inner body inserted into a first inside of an enclosure, an injection tube for feeding the predetermined powder into the intermediate storage container, a moving device for relatively moving the powder storage container, the intermediate storage container and / or the injection tube, and a supply source for feeding the predetermined powder, wherein the intermediate storage container has an opening at its bottom that communicates with the second storage space and has an opening through which the predetermined powder fed from the injection tube passes, and the apparatus comprises a drive device and a control device for relatively moving the predetermined powder from the powder storage container when it is fed into the intermediate storage container. (15) The apparatus according to (14) above, comprising: a translation drive member within the intermediate storage container that can translate the powder toward the bottom of the storage container.(16) A method for transporting powder using a powder storage container according to any one of (1) to (7) above, comprising: an enclosure having a predetermined mechanical strength and having a first storage space on a first inner side; and an inner body having a second storage space on a second inner side, the second storage space containing a material that at least does not deteriorate or improves the function of the powder contained therein, the method comprising the steps of: filling the second storage space of the powder storage container, which has one end closed and the other end open, with the powder from the other end; closing the opening on the other end; placing the powder filled in the second storage space on a transport device with the one end and the other end closed; transporting the powder to a destination by the transport device; at the destination, positioning the storage container containing the powder so that it faces a location where the powder is to be added; opening an openable opening member provided on at least a part of the enclosure; and in the opening step, adding the powder together with at least a part or all of the inner body. A method for conveying powder comprising:

[0009] As described above, the embodiments of the present invention can prevent dust, reduce waste, facilitate the transportation of containers filled with powder, and prevent deterioration of the powder.

[0010] 1 is a perspective view of a storage container containing powder in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state in which contents are removed from a storage container containing powder in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a portion corresponding to an inner body in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a portion corresponding to an inner body in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a portion corresponding to an inner body in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating a manufacturing process of a storage container capable of containing powder in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating a manufacturing process of an inner body of a storage container capable of containing powder in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is an exploded view of a portion corresponding to an enclosure in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is an exploded view of a portion corresponding to an inner body in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is an enlarged perspective view of a structure in which two sheets of paper constituting the inner body can be attached without glue in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a schematic view illustrating two sheets of paper constituting the inner body can be attached without glue in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a state in which an enclosure and an inner body are combined to form a storage container in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a storage container containing powder in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an apparatus for manufacturing a portion corresponding to an inner body in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which powder is filled into a storage container in an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state in which a plurality of storage containers containing powder are placed on a pallet in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each drawing, components and corresponding parts having the same configuration or function are designated by the same reference numerals, and their description will be omitted. The following description merely illustrates examples of embodiments of the present invention, and modifications can be made as appropriate based on the technical common sense of those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to these specific examples. Furthermore, these drawings are exaggerated for the purpose of explanation, and may differ from actual dimensions.

[0012] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a storage container 10 capable of storing powder or the like in an embodiment of the present invention. The storage container 10 includes an enclosure 10a as an outer container and an inner body 10b provided inside the enclosure 10a. The enclosure 10a may be made of paper, including cardboard, and has a generally rectangular parallelepiped shape, and may be referred to as a cardboard box. In FIG. 1, the outer wall is composed of a top surface, side surfaces, and a bottom surface. The top surface is composed of an outer flap 12a at the back side of the figure, an outer flap 12b at the front side of the figure, and an inner flap (not shown). The side surfaces are composed of a length surface 14a and a width surface 14b, and opposing length surfaces and width surfaces. The bottom surface 16 is also composed of an outer flap and an inner flap (not shown) like the top surface (or may be simply a bottom lid). The contents are stored in a storage space (referred to as the "first storage space") defined by the insides (referred to as the "first inside") of the top, side, and bottom surfaces. The side surfaces have perforations 18 extending substantially parallel to the bottom surface, across the length surface 14a, width surface 14b, and opposing width surfaces, near the bottom surface. However, perforations 18 are not present on the length surface (not shown) opposite the length surface 14a. Therefore, when the side surfaces are cut along the perforations 18, the corresponding portions of the length surface on the opposing side function as hinges, opening the bottom surface 16. In other words, they correspond to an openable member. In this specification, the side where the bottom surface 16 is located is referred to as one end, and the side where the top surface is located is referred to as the other end.

[0013] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing how, in an embodiment of the present invention, the powder content contained in a storage space (referred to as the "second storage space") defined inside an inner body 10b including an inner bottom surface 22, an inner length surface 24a, and an inner width surface 24b is poured from the enclosure 10a of the storage container 10, which contains (filled with) powder or the like as the content (object or contents contained inside the container), into a kneading container 20. The inner body 10b is cut along the perforations 18, and the bottom surface 16 is opened by the perforation-equivalent portion 17 on the length surface functioning as a hinge. The powder content, which is wrapped in the inner body 10b, is then poured into the kneading container 20 together with the inner body 10b. In this way, the powder is poured while still wrapped in the inner body 10b, thereby suppressing the generation of dust from the powder and effectively reducing environmental degradation caused by dust. Here, powder generally refers to a mixture of solid particles and a medium that exhibit properties such as flow, clogging, and aggregation, and in which appropriate interaction forces are exerted between the particles. While powder is sometimes referred to as "powder" and sand-like particles as "granules" in engineering terms, the term "powder" here also refers to granules. The particles that make up such powders (including granules) may be aggregates of solid particles and may have the properties of flowing like a liquid or existing in a gas and scattering. In particular, powders that may generate dust during mixing may also be included. For example, solid particles with an approximate spherical diameter of 50 μm to 1 mm or more may be referred to as "granules," particles with a diameter of 3 μm to less than 1 mm may be referred to as "powder," particles with a diameter of 0.01 μm to 10 μm may be referred to as "fine powder," and particles with a diameter of 0.0001 μm to 0.3 μm may be referred to as "ultrafine powder." The material is not particularly limited, and the powder may be composed of inorganic compounds, organic compounds, metals, metal compounds, and mixtures thereof.

[0014] Here, the predetermined mechanical strength may refer to a mechanical strength sufficient to allow the enclosure to function as an enclosure. The enclosure can contain or store contents, isolate them from the outside world, and maintain the shape of the contained contents. Furthermore, the enclosure may have shape-retaining capabilities sufficient to allow stacking with contents inside. An inner body can be contained or stored within the first storage space. The function of the powder may refer to the work or action that achieves the purpose of using the powder. For example, if the powder is mixed with water and used as mortar, it can be used as an adhesive for blocks or bricks, as a joint material to stabilize them, or as a base for attaching tiles to walls or floors. It can also be applied to concrete surfaces as a finishing material. The powder may also be mixed with water or the like and used as cement. Furthermore, the powder may contain sand or gravel, and may be further mixed with water to be used as concrete. The inner body may contain or store such powder within the second storage space and be isolated from the enclosure. The inner body is preferably made of a material that does not react with the contents. The inner body may be ejected from the enclosure together with the contents. The inner body may have a shape similar to that of the enclosure. For example, the outer shape may be a hollow rectangular parallelepiped. The enclosure may have a shape in which the first storage space completely fits the outer shape of the inner body. The enclosure may have, for example, a hollow rectangular parallelepiped outer shape. "Not deteriorating the function of the powder" may mean not inhibiting the characteristics of the powder as described above. "Improving" may include promoting or strengthening such a function. It may also include adding a new function. It may also include not deteriorating the contained powder. "At least a portion of the enclosure wall and at least a portion of the inner body wall are slidable" may mean that the enclosure wall and the inner body wall, which may come into direct or indirect contact with each other, move relative to each other, causing so-called sliding between them. Another thing may be interposed between them. The other thing may be, for example, an object containing a lubricating component such as a solid lubricant.

[0015] The enclosure 10a is preferably non-reactive with the contents, but may also be capable of containing such solid particles. It may be composed of organic compounds, inorganic compounds, other compounds, and mixtures thereof. It may be composed of various materials, such as paper, resin, and metal. It may be composed of reusable or recyclable materials. It may be made of so-called corrugated cardboard. For example, corrugated cardboard may be made from kraft pulp, which is characterized by relatively long fibers and may contain recycled materials. A higher proportion of virgin pulp tends to increase strength. A typical corrugated cardboard structure is called double-sided corrugated cardboard, which has a triple structure and is made by bonding two cardboard layers, called liners, to a corrugated core in the center. The height of the corrugations in the core is called the flute, and the height and number of corrugations can be adjusted to suit the application and required strength. For example, it may include exterior corrugated cardboard as specified by JIS Z1516, etc. It may include single-sided corrugated cardboard, double-sided corrugated cardboard, double-sided corrugated cardboard, and triple-sided corrugated cardboard. Corrugated cardboard has a weight standard of 170 to 180 g / m ２ , 210-220g / m ２ , 280 g / m ２ As the weight increases, the box tends to become harder. It is preferable that the box has a strength that will not break even when it contains 25 kg of powder or other contents. For example, it is possible to refer to the ring crush value, which is the compression strength obtained by the compression test method for paper and paperboard specified in JIS P8126. The Kellicutt method, the McKee method, the Wolf method, etc. have been proposed as formulas for estimating the compression strength of 0201 type corrugated cardboard boxes, but when the Kellicutt simplified formula is used, P = β R Ｘ ・Z １／３ The compressive strength (N) of the cardboard box is calculated by the formula: P. Here, β is the flute constant, and for example, AF=0.748, BF=0.612, CF=0.699, BAF=0.954, and BCF=0.889. Ｘis the total ring crush value, and Z is the perimeter (width x 2 + length x 2). For example, for a 45cm long, 35cm wide, and 30cm high LB210 / MA160 / LB210 CF (surface liner / core / back liner flute) material, R Ｘ Front + back + center x paragraph rate = 316 + 316 + 248 x 1.5 = 1004N, and P = 0.699 x 1004 x 160 （１／３） = 3810 (N). Using this simplified formula, the compressive strength may be 10 N or more, 20 N or more, 30 N or more, or 40 N or more. While there is no particular upper limit, if the upper limit is too large, it may be too costly, difficult to handle, or difficult to create a desired shape. Therefore, it is preferable to set the upper limit within a range that does not result in any of these being industrially undesirable. Functionality such as water resistance, water repellency, and oil resistance can also be enhanced. For example, the surface of cardboard can be wax-coated to provide a water-repellent finish, resulting in a water-repellent cardboard. Furthermore, water resistance can be imparted by laminating each liner with a resin. Any existing technology for imparting water resistance, water repellency, or oil resistance can also be used.

[0016] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the enclosure 10a may have a rectangular parallelepiped shape, but is not limited thereto and may also have a polygonal prism shape such as a triangular prism or a pentagonal prism. It may also have an elliptical or cylindrical shape. It may also have a shape that allows the inner body 10b to be easily discharged from the enclosure by gravity or the like. For example, the inner body may have a tapered side portion that is larger at the bottom so that the powder enclosed in the inner body can be easily discharged.

[0017] Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which a portion corresponding to an inner body is being assembled in an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a view showing an example of a development diagram for assembling a portion corresponding to the inner body shown in Fig. 3 in an embodiment of the present invention. Figs. 5A and 5B are views showing another example of a development diagram for assembling a portion corresponding to the inner body shown in Fig. 3 in an embodiment of the present invention. Inner body 10b includes inner width surface 24d, inner length surface 24a, inner width surface 24b, inner length surface 24c, and a glue tab 24e provided on the edge of inner width surface 24d. Furthermore, upper surface members 22d', 22a', 22b', and 22c' corresponding to the upper surface extend from the edges of surfaces 24d, 24a, 24b, and 24c of inner body 10b, respectively. Additionally, bottom members 24d', 24a', 24b', and 24c', which correspond to the bottom portion, extend from the edges of the respective faces 24d, 24a, 24b, and 24c of the inner body 10b. In FIG. 4, bottom members 24d', 24a', 24b', and 24c' are separated by incisions 25. Therefore, the inner body shown in FIG. 3 can be assembled by folding the boundaries with the bottom members, and the bottom surface is formed by gluing or otherwise connecting the overlapping portions. In FIG. 5A, top flap 24f, side 24g, bottom 24h, side 24i, and top flap 24j, which correspond to the top surface, are continuous, strengthening the bottom surface. Side flaps 24k, 24m, 24n, and 24o have adhesive margins so that they can be glued together. Furthermore, triangular reinforcement portions 24p and 24q can be glued to the side surfaces to further reinforce the bottom surface 24h. In FIG. 5B, folds 25' are provided instead of the cuts 25 in FIG. 4, allowing for the assembly of an inner body similar to that shown in FIG. 3. The bottom surface is then formed by gluing the overlapping portions in a similar manner. The glue may be, for example, a water-soluble glue, such as PVA glue or starch glue. A glue with excellent water-solubility or water-degradability is preferred. The glue may be applied continuously, intermittently, or in spots on the glue margin. For example, if the shape of the glue applied to the glue margin in a planar view approximates a circle, it may be 10 cm or less in diameter, 5 cm or less in diameter, 2 cm or less, or 1 cm or less in diameter.The diameter may be 5 mm or less or 3 mm or less. It is preferable that the adhesive does not extend beyond the adhesive margin surface. Alternatively, the adhesive can be fastened using a fastening means such as a stapler. For example, as shown in FIG. 9B , the upper and lower sheets 53 and 54 are stacked together, cut along the notch 56, punched from below to form a closed hole 55, and then folded back and pressed over the upper sheet 53 using the uncut portion as a hinge, creating a step and securing the upper sheet 53 and the lower sheet 54. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 9C , the upper and lower sheets 57 and 58 can be stacked together and pressed by upper and lower dies 59 a and 59 b, which have interlocking wavy recesses and protrusions on their cross sections. For a stronger bond, a small amount of glue may be placed between the upper and lower sheets 53, 57 and the lower sheets 54, 58.

[0018] FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating the configuration of an inner body 10b according to another embodiment of the present invention. The inner body may include a bottom cover portion formed of an inner bottom surface portion 22 surrounded by a bottom edge portion 22a on all four sides, inner side surfaces (including inner length surfaces 24a, 24c and inner width surfaces 24b, 24d) whose ends contact the inner surface of the bottom edge portion 22a, and a top cover portion 24r. If necessary, the inner surface of the bottom edge portion 22a and the ends of the inner side surfaces are glued together to form the bottom cover portion of the inner body. In FIG. 6, the inner body is turned upside down, and the outer flaps 12a and 12b and inner flaps 12c and 12d of the outer enclosure are opened to open the top cover portion, and the inner body is inserted into the opening on the other end of the top surface portion. The outer shape of the inner body has a shape and size that leaves a small gap with respect to the first inner dimension defined by the length surface 14a, width surface 14b, and side surfaces composed of the opposing length surfaces and width surfaces. Alternatively, since the inner body is soft, it may have a shape and size larger than the first inner dimension. The inner body is not necessarily strong. Generally, breakage and other problems are thought to occur due to tensile or shear forces. Therefore, if the inner body has an outer shape slightly larger than the size of the first storage space, it is thought that tension is less likely to be applied to the inner body even when the inner body is pressed against the enclosure wall (first inner side) when powder is introduced into the first inner side. This allows the inner surface of the enclosure to complement the strength of the inner body for enhanced protection. In this way, the inner body having the second storage space is mounted inside a so-called cardboard box, which is the outer enclosure. In this way, the second storage space is formed by a double wall consisting of the wall (made of cardboard) of the cardboard box corresponding to the enclosure and the wall (made of paper) of the inner body.

[0019] Here, the inner body may be made of a component that does not impair the functionality of the powder to be contained, or that does not cause any problems for the intended purpose even if it does, or that reinforces or strengthens that functionality. Alternatively, it may be made of a component that adds a new function not present in the powder. For example, it may be made of so-called paper containing cellulose. Details will be described later. Similarly, the adhesive used for gluing described above may be made of a component that does not impair the functionality of the powder to be contained, or that does not cause any problems for the intended purpose even if it does, or that reinforces or strengthens that functionality. The weight of the inner body is preferably 10% or less of the weight of the powder to be contained. It may be 5% or less, 3% or less, 2% or less, 1% or less, or 0.5% or less. It may also be 0.4% or less, 0.3% or less, 0.2% or less, or 0.1% or less. There is no particular lower limit, but the content may be as low as technically possible as long as the shape and required strength of the inner body can be maintained. For example, it may be 0.000001% or more.

[0020] FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating the configuration of an interior body in another embodiment of the present invention. Compared to FIG. 6 , this is the same except for the addition of reinforcing strips 26 and 28, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted. The top cover portion is omitted. The reinforcing strips 26 and 28 reinforce the interior bottom portion 22. As in FIG. 6 , in FIG. 7 , the inner surface of the bottom edge 22a and the ends of the interior side portions are glued, if necessary, to form the bottom cover portion of the interior body. Regardless of whether or not they are glued, the reinforcing strips 26 and 28 can be crisscrossed on the interior bottom portion 22 to reinforce the interior bottom portion 22 and prevent it from separating from the interior side portions (including the interior length surfaces 24a, 24c and the interior width surfaces 24b, 24d). The reinforcing strips 26 and 28 may or may not be glued to the interior bottom portion 22 and / or the interior side portions, as necessary. With the reinforcing strips 26 and 28 in place, the enclosure is installed inside a so-called cardboard box. These reinforcing bands 26 and 28 and adhesives may be made of ingredients that do not reduce the functionality of the powder contents, or even if they do, do not cause any problems for the purpose, or that reinforce or strengthen the functionality.

[0021] Fig. 8 shows a development of a cardboard box corresponding to the enclosure. Fig. 9A shows a development of the inner body. Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate how a second storage space defined by a double wall consisting of the enclosure wall (made of cardboard) and the inner body wall (made of paper) is formed by stacking and assembling the enclosure and inner body. Fig. 12 is a perspective view showing storage container 10 filled with powder and with the top closed. In the developed view of the cardboard box, the side sections consist of width sections 14b, length sections 14a, width sections 14d, length sections 14c, and a glue tab 14e. The top section consists of outer flaps 12b, inner flaps 12c, outer flaps 12a, and inner flaps 12d, which are connected to the upper ends of the side section components. Similarly, the bottom section consists of outer flaps 16b, inner flaps 16b, outer flaps 16a, and inner flaps 16d, which are connected to the lower ends of the side section components. Near the bottom section, a tearable opening strip 19 extends across width sections 14d, length sections 14a, and width sections 14b, with perforations extending approximately parallel to the bottom section. This opening strip 19 may correspond to a separation member that can be detached from the enclosure. The inner body 10b also includes an inner width surface 24d, an inner length surface 24a, an inner width surface 24b, an inner length surface 24c, and a glue margin 24e provided on the edge of the inner width surface 24d, corresponding to the width surface 14b, the length surface 14a, the width surface 14d, and the length surface 14c of the side surface. Furthermore, an extension 23a extends from the bottom member corresponding to the bottom surface, beyond the boundary line 23, from the edge of the inner length surface 24a on the bottom surface side. The extension 23a can further extend beyond the boundary line 23 to form an upper surface. The deployed body of the enclosure and the deployed body of the inner body are stacked and folded along their respective folding lines as shown in FIG. 10 to form a second storage space. At this time, the extension 23a is pulled toward the opening on the upper surface, and the bottom surface is positioned by the bottom member 23. The extension 23a is then glued at some position on the upper surface side of the inner length surface 24c. In this way, as shown in FIG. 11, the side surface of the enclosure is attached to the outer surface of the width surface 14b of the side surface with glue applied to the adhesive margin 14e, and the rough shape is determined.Then, with the bottom member placed on the bottom surface, the inner flaps 16c and 16d close the bottom surface, and then the outer flaps 16a and 16b are closed to establish the bottom surface of the storage container 10. The top surface is in a state where the outer flaps 12b, 12c, 12a, and 12d are open. After the second storage space is filled with contents, the outer flaps 12b, 12c, 12a, and 12d are closed to form the storage container 10 shown in FIG. 12. The opening strip 19 extends parallel to the bottom surface, but a pull tag 19a connected to the opening strip 19 may be provided to initiate the cutting. Here, the side surface directly constitutes the opening strip 19, but a separate strip or tape may be embedded inside the opening strip 19 to similarly cut the side surface.

[0022] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a side surface manufacturing apparatus 30 for manufacturing the side surface of the inner body shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 . This side surface manufacturing apparatus 30 includes a mounting base 32 that is L-shaped in top view and serves as a base. Below this mounting base 32, drive units and other auxiliary devices that support the functions of the devices or components attached above are located. On the left side of the figure, a turntable 34 is provided, along with an upper center portion 36 that is connected to the rotation axis of the turntable 34. The upper center portion 36 is connected to an L-shaped adjustment bar 38. The adjustment bar 38 lightly presses the surface of a raw material roll 40, which is sandwiched and fixed between the turntable 34 and the upper center portion 36, to ensure smooth unwinding of the outermost raw material (e.g., paper) 40a. A vertically elongated cutter 42 that can cover the height of the raw material roll 40 is erected approximately in the center of the mounting base 32. A mold (like an inner mold / core) 44 for forming the side surface of the inner body is located on the right side of the mounting base 32 and is fixed around a rotation axis 46. Air stapler presser plates 50, 52 are placed on the placement base 32 so as to surround the mold 44. Paper unwound from the stock roll 40 is wound around this mold 44, and the edges are glued or otherwise formed into a circular or rectangular cylindrical shape. In this way, the side surface of the inner body shown in Figures 6 and 7 is formed.

[0023] FIG. 14 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a powder filling device. The powder filling device 60 includes a loading device including a lifting platform 72 and a lifting shaft 74 that support the placed storage container 10; a powder ejection device 61 with a shutter 61a; a cylindrical dust-proof intermediate container 62; a tube 63 for introducing powder into the intermediate container 62; a funnel-shaped powder collection section 64 (shown in an end view with the upper portion partially cut away) in which the powder ejection device 61 is mounted; and a rotating member (not shown) consisting of a shaft 65a and a spiral portion 65b with a rotation support portion at the top. The intermediate container 62 may correspond to the intermediate storage container, the tube 63 for introducing powder to the intermediate container 62 may correspond to the injection tube, and the lifting platform 72 and / or the lifting shaft 74 may correspond to the moving device. The powder ejection device 61 may also correspond to a supply source for supplying powder. While two powder ejection devices are shown here, the number may be one, or three or more. The amount of powder supplied at one time may be defined as the total amount supplied from all such powder jetting devices. In the figure, the intermediate container 62 and the tube 63 have side walls, but both may be transparent, such as made of glass as shown in the figure, or may be opaque, such as made of metal. For ease of understanding, the powder is depicted as accumulating at the bottom, but the intermediate container 62 does not have a bottom lid. The absence of a bottom lid may be equivalent to having an opening at the bottom that connects to the second storage space, or, if there is a bottom lid but an opening is provided in part of it, that opening may be equivalent to the opening that connects. Here, the upper part of the intermediate container 62 and the introduction tube 63 are connected by a ring of approximately the same diameter, which is hollow inside, and there is no partition, door, or other boundary between them. This may be equivalent to having an opening through which powder fed from the injection tube passes. In reality, intermediate container 62 is inserted into inner body 10b with top lid 24r open (lift shaft 74 is raised and moves upward in the direction of arrow 76, causing storage container 10 to move upward), and the tip of spiral portion 65b is positioned near the bottom of inner body 10b. In Figure 14, a partial cutaway of inner body 10b is depicted transparently by a two-dot chain virtual line.When the closed shutter 61a is opened, a predetermined amount of powder is discharged. The powder may be directly supplied to the bottom of the inner body, or may be placed on the spiral blades of the spiral portion 65b (a surface approximately perpendicular to the axial direction) and then rotated by the rotation of the shaft 65a to send the powder to the bottom. In this case, a spiral portion 65b' with larger blades, as shown in the horizontal illustration, may be used. In this manner, powder can accumulate at the bottom of the inner body. After at least a certain amount of powder has accumulated, the shaft 65a is rotated while the lifting shaft 74 is lowered, moving downward as indicated by arrow 76, and the storage container 10 moves downward, thereby allowing the intermediate container 62, shaft 65a, and spiral portion 65b to emerge from the inner body 10b. In this manner, the lifting platform 72 and / or the lifting shaft 74 may correspond to a drive device and a control device that move the powder relative to the storage container. Mechanical components, which may include specific electrical circuits, may be built into these components. In this case, the spiral portion 65b may be capable of translating or moving the powder in contact with the blade portion in a direction (parallel) along the shaft 65a by rotation like a screw. The rotation drive unit and control device 65c for the shaft 65a are installed above the powder filling device 60. The movement of the lifting platform 72 and the rotation of the rotation drive unit are controlled to be linked to each other. The spiral portions 65b, 65b' may correspond to translation drive members. The intermediate container 62 can substantially prevent dust that may be generated from the powder from escaping upward, downward, or sideways. This reduces the generation of dust.

[0024] 15 is a perspective view showing a powder box assembly 100, which is made up of a plurality of individually packed powder boxes (e.g., mortar boxes) 11, each filled with a plurality of powders and having the top openings of the storage containers 10 closed, placed on a loading pallet 200. The loading pallet 200 is composed of a loading platform 210 and a plurality of legs 220. The individual individually packed powder boxes or mortar boxes are handled separately, and when stacked in this manner, the rectangular shape allows for high loading efficiency when loaded onto the back of a truck or into a container.

[0025] (Enclosure Materials, etc.) The enclosure may include a rectangular parallelepiped box made of cardboard. The cardboard may be made of paper, including pulp and recycled paper. In any case, an enclosure made of recyclable materials is preferable. It may be made of only recyclable materials. The shape does not need to be particularly limited, but it may be of a size and shape that can accommodate mortar of a weight that can be held by hand (for example, 30 kg, 20 kg, 15 kg, or 10 kg). Considering truck loading, etc., a rectangular parallelepiped may be good. For example, a rectangular parallelepiped measuring 20 cm x 20 cm x 40 cm has a volume of 16,000 cm. ３ If this is considered as a volume, for example, 1.2 g / cm ３ If the bulk density of the powder is about 80%, it is possible to store 19.2 kg of mortar mixed powder. If the storage rate is about 80%, it is possible to store about 15 kg of mortar mixed powder.

[0026] (Material of inner body) The inner body may contain a material that does not or is unlikely to affect the function of the mortar or the like to be stored. It may contain a material consisting of necessary components of the mortar or the like to be stored. For example, it may be made of paper. For example, it may contain water-disintegrable paper (water-disintegrable paper) or water-soluble paper (water-soluble paper). Water-disintegrable paper is paper that has the property that entangled fibers quickly separate and disperse in water when it comes into contact with water, and is also called water-disintegrable paper or water-dispersible paper. The raw fibers of water-disintegrable paper may include wood pulp fibers, non-wood pulp fibers, rayon fibers, and polyester fibers. Such water-dispersible paper may be manufactured by conventional methods such as a wet method or a dry method. Water-soluble paper is paper that dissolves in water. Known examples include Nippon Paper Papylia Co., Ltd.'s MDP (30MDP, 60MDP, 120MDP, 30MDP-S, 60MDP-S, etc.) and CD-2 (30CD-2, 60CD-2, 120CD-2). Examples include cellulose and cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethylmethylcellulose (HEMC), and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) (all of which belong to the hydroxyalkyl celluloses), and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (see Chemical Formula 5 below) (which belongs to the carboxyalkyl celluloses). Here, methylcellulose refers to water-soluble cellulose extracted from plant fiber (pulp) and may be a tasteless, odorless, white powder. Methylcellulose is a cellulose derivative (see Chemical Formulas 1 to 5 below) synthesized by chemically modifying cellulose (see Chemical Formula 1 below).For example, in Japanese Patent No. 7093121, it is stated that "Water-soluble paper refers to paper that has the property of decomposing when it comes into contact with water and dissolving or dispersing in water (water-degradability)," and that "whether or not a paper is water-degradable can be determined by, for example, contacting 0.05 to 0.1 mg of water-soluble paper with 10 μl of water (reaction solution), and then measuring the turbidity of the water (reaction solution) at 660 nm using a Smart Detector manufactured by Bio-RAD. The definition of "water-decomposable" is "when the index of refraction measured using Spec (trademark) 3000 is 0.4 or less," and examples include "MDP series products such as 60MDP (manufactured by Nippon Paper Papylia Co., Ltd.), 30MDP (manufactured by Nippon Paper Papylia Co., Ltd.), 120MDP (manufactured by Nippon Paper Papylia Co., Ltd.), 30MDP-S (manufactured by Nippon Paper Papylia Co., Ltd.), and 60MDP-S (manufactured by Nippon Paper Papylia Co., Ltd.); water-decomposable papers such as the CD-2 series such as 30CD-2 (manufactured by Nippon Paper Papylia Co., Ltd.), 60CD-2 (manufactured by Nippon Paper Papylia Co., Ltd.), and 120CD-2 (manufactured by Nippon Paper Papylia Co., Ltd.); and water-disintegrable paper (available from TT Trading Co., Ltd. (formerly Tokushushi Shoji Co., Ltd.))."

[0027] The present inventors focused on the use of such cellulose derivatives in water-disintegrable paper or water-soluble paper, and were able to achieve the present invention. That is, because paper, etc. used for packaging is likely to be contaminated with mortar, it is preferable that it does not interfere with the function of mortar. Therefore, water-disintegrable paper or water-soluble paper was considered to be a preferable paper. This is because water-disintegrable paper or water-soluble paper does not remain as a clump when mixed with other mortar components together with water, but decomposes or dissolves in water. Thus, water-disintegrable paper or water-soluble paper was considered to be preferable for packaging because it does not interfere with the function of mortar. However, further research revealed that water-disintegrable paper or water-soluble paper, which is considered a foreign substance from the perspective of mortar, not only does not interfere, but can actually aid the function of mortar when added.

[0028] Cellulose derivatives were originally manufactured as surfactants or industrial chemicals to impart viscosity to food products. They were found to be useful as plaster glues and have been used in mortars and plastering materials. Examples include Metrose® manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Some Metrose® products contain hydroxyethyl methylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (both of which belong to the hydroxyalkyl cellulose family). They are white powders that are said to be highly effective in small amounts. A 0.2-0.5 wt% blend of cellulose in cement mortar is said to achieve a viscosity suitable for standard troweling. While there are no specific specifications for the molecular weight of methylcellulose, it may be greater than about 1,000, greater than about 5,000, greater than about 10,000, greater than about 50,000, or greater than about 100,000. It may also be less than about 1,000,000, less than about 800,000, less than about 600,000, or less than about 500,000. It may also be between about 5,000 and about 2,000,000, or between about 10,000 and about 1,000,000. The molecular weight may be about 20,000 to about 500,000. The inner body may also contain polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Known methods for producing such paper include those in which paper is formed using a water-soluble cellulose derivative such as hydroxymethyl cellulose (see Chemical Formula 2 below), hydroxyethyl cellulose (see Chemical Formula 3 below (complete substitution)), or carboxymethyl cellulose (see Chemical Formula 4 below) as the skeleton, and those in which the fibers constituting the paper are glued together with a water-soluble binder-forming substance (e.g., Sen to Kogyo, Vol. 1, No. 10, 604-608 (1968)). It is also known that paper can be made from pulp and a cellulose derivative such as carboxymethyl cellulose, and then treated with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. It is also known that a film obtained by drying and solidifying an aqueous solution of a cellulose derivative such as carboxymethyl cellulose can be stretched to increase its mechanical strength (e.g., JP-A-06-71744). Here, any of these methods may be used to form water-disintegrable or water-soluble paper that can form the inner body, and may function as a thickener for mortar. The water-disintegrable paper or water-soluble paper may contain a material that does not affect or is unlikely to affect the function of the mortar.Alternatively, the inner body may contain a substance (for example, a cellulose derivative) that functions as a thickener when kneading the powder content (for example, a mixture of powders that can constitute mortar).

[0029] The cellulose and cellulose derivatives shown below can be identified and quantified by infrared spectroscopy or Raman spectroscopy, which measure the infrared absorption spectrum qualitatively or quantitatively, or by other known analytical methods. For example, in the infrared absorption spectrum of cellulose, the peak at 3500 cm －１ ~3000cm －１ Absorption due to O-H stretching vibration around 3000 cm －１ ~2700cm －１ Absorption due to C-H stretching vibration around 1200 cm －１ ~800cm －１ Absorption due to the stretching vibration of C-O is observed around 1750 cm －１ ~1700cm －１ Absorption due to the stretching vibration of C=O is observed around this area. (Chemical formula 1) (Chemical formula 2) (Chemical formula 3) (Chemical formula 4) (Chemical formula 5)

[0030] Next, the powder to be filled will be considered. In the embodiment of the present invention, dust generation can be reduced when the powder is removed from the storage container. Examples of such powder include concrete, cement, mortar, and mixtures of these in any proportion. In particular, powders that are not adversely affected by the materials that make up the inner body are preferable. Furthermore, powders that become more preferable when mixed with the materials that make up the inner body are even more preferable. Here, examples of mortar include the following:

[0031] Here, general mortar may include ordinary cement (Portland cement) mixed with sand (fine aggregate) and water. Such a material may be referred to as cement mortar or plain mortar. Furthermore, concrete, for example, may include cement, sand (fine aggregate), and gravel (coarse aggregate) mixed with water. In addition to cement mortar, mortars using lime (lime mortar) and gypsum (gypsum plaster mortar) may also be included. The sand (fine aggregate) that may be included in mortar may be various, such as river sand and mountain sand. Furthermore, the color and properties of the sand vary depending on the origin and type of sand, and the finish may vary slightly depending on the mortar's finishing method, depending on the coarseness (size) of the sand. The sand used in mortar may be divided into coarse (5 mm or less), medium (3 mm or less), and fine (0.6 mm or less). Generally, mortar is primarily used for floors, walls, ceilings, etc. It may also be used to adjust thickness, repair or finish concrete, or as an adhesive for attaching tiles, stonework, brickwork, or concrete block masonry. It may also be used as lath mortar for the exterior walls of wooden houses, where waterproof paper (asphalt felt), breathable waterproof sheets, or waterproof sheets are applied to wood lath or plywood, and then lath is laid over the lath. In recent years, premixed lightweight mortars, already mixed and commercialized in factories, have become increasingly popular. Polymer cement mortar (resin mortar) can be produced by mixing a specified amount of resin (e.g., about 5% of the cement mass) into cement mortar or premixed mortar. Adding resin is said to enhance the mortar's adhesive strength and improve its strength and performance. It may also be used as a water absorption regulator (sealer) for concrete substrates. By applying it to the substrate, it can "suppress absorption," preventing the mortar's necessary moisture from being rapidly absorbed by the substrate. It can prevent poor hardening (drying out) of mortar and improve adhesion to the substrate. It can also contain an admixture-type waterproofing agent that provides waterproofing to cement particles and reduces water absorption. By adding 2-5% of the cement amount, it can be used as a simple waterproof mortar that is less susceptible to water penetration. It can also contain Metolose as a mortar water retention agent and workability improver.Metolose is called methylcellulose (MC) and may be a cellulose-based water-soluble polymer made from pulp fiber and chemically treated. Simply mixing it into mortar improves trowel spread and makes it easier to apply. It also increases water retention, inhibits dryout and cracking, and adds a moderate viscosity, improving adhesion to the substrate. Fibers may also be included as crack inhibitors. For example, there are tough binders, which are said to have fiber-binding and crack-inhibiting effects when mixed into mortar or plaster. The water retention properties of nylon fibers themselves are said to inhibit dryout and improve trowel glide.

[0032] For example, mortar may include (1) cement-containing cement, (2) lightweight aggregate, (3) fine aggregate, (4) thickener, (5) polymer, (6) fiber, (7) binder, and (8) admixture. Lightweight aggregate and fine aggregate may be collectively referred to as aggregates. Fine aggregate can refer to small aggregates of 5 mm or less. For example, it may include sand. Aggregates larger than fine aggregate may be called coarse aggregates. It may include so-called gravel. Fine aggregate and coarse aggregate may be included in aggregates. Lightweight aggregate may include aggregates with a relatively low specific gravity (e.g., bone dry specific gravity of 2.0 or less). For example, it may include natural lightweight aggregates such as pumice and volcanic lapilli erupted during volcanic eruptions, or artificial lightweight aggregates obtained by baking shale at high temperatures to expand it. In particular, it may include cements and aggregates. It may include cement, lightweight or fine aggregates, and thickeners. In the embodiments of the present invention, when an enclosure and an interior body are used, the amount of thickener may be reduced because the thickener can be supplied from the interior body. It is also possible to add no thickener at all. The mortar may, for example, meet JASS 19 M-101, "Quality Standards for Cement Mortars for Attaching Large Floor Tiles." To this end, generally, (1) the cement may be 5 to 80 parts by weight, 10 to 75 parts by weight, 15 to 75 parts by weight, 20 to 70 parts by weight, 25 to 65 parts by weight, or 30 to 60 parts by weight. The amount of aggregates consisting of (2) lightweight aggregate and / or (3) fine aggregate may be 95 to 20 parts by weight, 90 to 25 parts by weight, 85 to 25 parts by weight, 80 to 30 parts by weight, 75 to 35 parts by weight, or 70 to 40 parts by weight. When the total amount of these cements and aggregates is 100 parts by weight, the amount of (4) thickener does not need to be included, but may be, for example, 0 to 1 part by weight, 0 to 0.5 parts by weight, 0 to 0.2 parts by weight, or 0 to 0.1 parts by weight. For example, it may be 0.0001 parts by weight or more, 0.001 parts by weight or more, or 0.01 parts by weight or more.(7) The binder may be absent, for example, 0 to 10 parts by weight, 0 to 5 parts by weight, or 0 to 2 parts by weight, or may be 0.01 part by weight or more, or 0.02 part by weight or more.

[0033] (Cement) Various cements can be used, including various types of Portland cement, such as ordinary, early-strength, ultra-early-strength, low-heat, and moderate-heat; blended cements containing blast furnace slag, fly ash, or silica fume; ecocement; and rapid-hardening cement. High-early-strength Portland cement is preferred from the viewpoint of further increasing early strength development. One type of cement may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. The cement has a particle content of 10 μm or less in diameter, based on the total weight of cement, of 56 to 67 wt%. If the particle content of 10 μm or less is outside the above range, it becomes difficult to achieve both good early strength development and fluidity. From the viewpoint of ensuring early strength development and easily achieving better fluidity, the particle content of 10 μm or less in diameter is preferably 56.5 to 65 wt%, and more preferably 57 to 62 wt%, based on the total weight of cement. The method for measuring the particle size of the cement is not particularly limited, as long as it can measure the particle size and particle size distribution. Examples of particle size measurement methods include laser diffraction methods (wet and dry) using a laser diffraction particle size distribution measurement device, an X-ray transmission sedimentation particle size distribution measurement device, a high-precision particle size distribution measurement device, a flow-type image analysis particle size / shape measurement device, and a particle size distribution measurement method using a dry sieve method.

[0034] (Lightweight Aggregate) The concrete may contain a lightweight aggregate having a unit volume mass of 0.3 kg / L or less. The lightweight aggregate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include perlite, which is an inorganic expandable aggregate obtained by crushing and firing igneous rocks such as obsidian, shirasu, or perlite, as well as fly ash balloons generated at thermal power plants and foamed glass particles (glass balloons). It is preferable to use lightweight aggregates having a particle size of 5 mm or less (passing a 5 mm sieve). One type of lightweight aggregate may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. Examples of lightweight aggregates include the following: Lightweight aggregate A: perlite-based lightweight aggregate (unit volume mass 0.1 kg / L), lightweight aggregate B: perlite-based lightweight aggregate (unit volume mass 0.25 kg / L), and lightweight aggregate C: perlite (bulk specific gravity 0.23 kg / L).

[0035] (Fine Aggregate) Examples of fine aggregate include river sand, silica sand, crushed sand, kansui stone, limestone sand, and slag aggregate. It is preferable to use silica sand, limestone sand, or the like, adjusted to a particle size that does not contain fine powder or coarse aggregate, as the fine aggregate. One type of fine aggregate may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. It is preferable to use fine aggregate with a particle size of 5 mm or less (passing a 5 mm sieve), which is commonly used. For example, fine aggregate may include silica sand (coarseness ratio: 2.70, abbreviated as S) and limestone-based fine aggregate (maximum particle size 1.2 mm).

[0036] (Thickener) The type of thickener is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cellulose-based thickeners, acrylic-based thickeners, and guar gum-based thickeners. The thickener may function to facilitate application when the main components of the mortar are dispersed or dissolved in a dispersant or solvent such as water. For example, the thickener may improve troweling workability and water retention. The dispersed or dissolved mortar components may be made easier to spread and spread. The plasticity of the dispersed or dissolved mortar components may be improved. On the other hand, if the thickening effect is too high, more force may be required to spread and spread smoothly. Cellulose-based thickeners are preferred as thickeners because they have better material separation resistance. Examples of cellulose-based thickeners include carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl cellulose. These have some in common with the components of the interior body described above. A single thickener may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner body contains or consists of methylcellulose. The thickener content is preferably 0.01 to 0.4 parts by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 0.2 parts by weight, or even 0.01 to 0.15 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the total of the cement and aggregate. A thickener content within the above range is likely to ensure more appropriate fluidity. Examples of cellulose-based thickeners include water-soluble cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxymethylalkylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, glyoxal-added hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, and carboxyethylcellulose. The viscosity of a 2% aqueous solution of the cellulose-based thickener at 20°C is preferably 3,000 to 9,000 mPa·s, more preferably 4,000 to 8,000 mPa·s, even more preferably 4,500 to 7,000 mPa·s, and particularly preferably 5,000 to 6,500 mPa·s.If the viscosity of a 2% aqueous solution of a cellulose-based thickener at 20°C is less than 3,000 mPa·s, the shape retention of the mortar composition will decrease, and the excellent effect will no longer be achieved. Furthermore, if the viscosity of a 2% aqueous solution of a cellulose-based thickener at 20°C exceeds 9,000 mPa·s, the viscosity will increase and the workability of the mortar composition may be impaired. Here, the "viscosity" of the cellulose-based thickener refers to the value measured for a 2% aqueous solution of the thickener using a B-type viscometer (a Brookfield digital viscometer: RVDV-1+) with a rotor No. 4, a rotation speed of 12 rpm, and at 20°C. The content of the cellulose-based thickener is preferably 0.01 to 0.20 parts by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 0.16 parts by weight, even more preferably 0.08 to 0.14 parts by weight, and particularly preferably 0.10 to 0.12 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of Portland cement. If the content of the cellulose-based thickener is too low, it becomes difficult to obtain good workability. Conversely, if the content of the cellulose-based thickener in the mortar composition is excessive, the viscosity of the mortar composition tends to increase, which may result in a decrease in workability. Therefore, the content of the cellulose-based thickener may be selected appropriately. In addition, a thickener precursor that functions as a thickener during processes such as kneading may be included. This can refer to a substance that exhibits a thickening effect by undergoing a chemical reaction or physical change under specific conditions.

[0037] (Polymer) The cement polymer may be one used as a binder for polymer cement mortar or polymer cement concrete. Examples of preferred polymers include synthetic rubbers such as styrene-butadiene copolymer, chloroprene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, or methyl methacrylate-butadiene copolymer; natural rubber; polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polychloroprene; vinyl acetate resins such as polyacrylate, styrene-acrylic copolymer, all-acrylic copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl acetate-acrylic copolymer, vinyl acetate-acrylic ester copolymer, modified vinyl acetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymer, vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate copolymer, and acrylic-vinyl acetate-Veova (t-vinyl decanoate) copolymer; unsaturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins, alkyd resins, and epoxy resins; and bituminous materials such as asphalt, rubber asphalt, and paraffin. These may be used alone or in combination. The cement polymer may be one or more selected from the following, which are believed to improve adhesion to the substrate: vinyl acetate resins such as polyvinyl acetate, vinyl acetate-acrylic copolymers, vinyl acetate-acrylate copolymers, modified vinyl acetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymers, vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate copolymers, and acrylic-vinyl acetate-Veova (t-vinyl decanoate) copolymers; acrylic resins such as polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, acrylate-styrene copolymers, styrene-acrylic copolymers, and all-acrylic copolymers; polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; and synthetic rubbers such as styrene-butadiene copolymers, chloroprene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers, and methyl methacrylate-butadiene copolymers. The cement polymer may be in the form of a liquid, emulsion, or a re-emulsified powder resin obtained by powdering an emulsion. The content of the polymer for cement may be 1 to 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of cement, calculated as the non-volatile content at 105° C. (hereinafter referred to as "solid content").If the amount is less than 1 part by weight, the coated mortar will have poor adhesion to the substrate, making it prone to peeling and explosion. Furthermore, if the amount exceeds 30 parts by weight, the coated mortar will have too much viscosity, making it difficult to coat the substrate and prone to poor application. The coated mortar will have strong adhesion to the substrate, making it less prone to peeling and explosion, and it will be easy to coat the substrate and less prone to poor application. For example, it is considered preferable that the content of the cement polymer in an explosion-resistant mortar composition be 2 to 20 parts by weight, calculated as solids, per 100 parts by weight of cement. When a vinyl acetate resin is used as the cement polymer, the content can be 2 to 20 parts by weight, calculated as solids, per 100 parts by weight of cement. When an acrylic resin is used as the cement polymer, the content can be 2 to 15 parts by weight, calculated as solids, per 100 parts by weight of cement. When a synthetic rubber is used as the cement polymer, the content can be 2 to 10 parts by weight, calculated as solids, per 100 parts by weight of cement. When used as a coating mortar, it has strong adhesion to the substrate, is less likely to peel off, is less likely to explode, is easy to coat the substrate, is less likely to result in poor application, and is thought to meet the non-combustibility requirements in the heat generation test specified in JIS A 5430. When vinyl acetate resin is used in an amount of more than 20 parts by weight (solids content) per 100 parts by weight of cement, when acrylic resin is used in an amount of more than 15 parts by weight (solids content) per 100 parts by weight of cement, or when synthetic rubber is used in an amount of more than 10 parts by weight (solids content) per 100 parts by weight of cement, there is a risk that the total heat value will exceed 8.0 MJ / m2 in the heat generation test specified in JIS A 5430, and there is a risk that the non-combustibility requirements will not be met.

[0038] (Fibers) Inorganic fibers such as glass fibers, organic fibers such as nylon fibers and polypropylene fibers, and the like may be included.

[0039] (Binder) The binder may contain calcium aluminates or gypsum. Calcium aluminates include CaO with C and Al ２ O ３ A, Na ２ O to N, and Fe ２ O ３When expressed as F, C ３ A, C ２ A, C １２ A ７ , CA, or CA ２ Calcium aluminate having a mineral composition indicated as C, etc. ４ Calcium aluminoferrite, which is indicated as AF, and calcium aluminate in which halogen is dissolved or substituted. ３ A ３ CaF ２ Or C １１ A ７ CaF ２ Calcium haloaluminates, including calcium fluoroaluminates, etc., ８ N.A. ３ Or C ３ N ２ A ５ Calcium sodium aluminate, calcium lithium aluminate, alumina cement, and C ３ A ３ CaSO ４ The calcium aluminates may be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of superior reaction activity, calcium aluminates are preferably CaO / Al ２ O ３ It is considered that calcium aluminate obtained by quenching a heat-treated product having a molar ratio of CaO / Al of 1.0 to 1.8 is preferable. ２ O ３When the molar ratio of is within the above range, it is believed that better fluidity and strength development are likely to be obtained. From the viewpoint of easily imparting sufficient rapid hardening properties, calcium aluminates preferably have a vitrification rate of 10% or more. The vitrification rate may be calculated using the following formula: Vitrification rate (%) = (1 - (MC / MS)) x 100 In calcium aluminates with a mass of MS, the mass of each mineral contained in the calcium aluminate is quantified using an internal standard method or the like by powder X-ray diffraction, and the total mass (MC) of the quantified mineral phases contained is calculated, with the remainder being regarded as a pure glass phase. For example, calcium aluminates: alumina cement (CaO / Al ２ O ３ The molar ratio of gypsum to gypsum may be 1.4, vitrification rate: 40%, and Blaine specific surface area: 5000 cm2 / g, abbreviated as CA. Examples of gypsums include anhydrous gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, and dihydrate gypsum. As the gypsums, anhydrous gypsum is preferred from the viewpoint of further improving strength development. One type of gypsum may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. From the viewpoint of further improving long-term strength development, the mass proportion of the gypsums may be preferably 2 to 15 wt. %, preferably 3 to 12 wt. %, or preferably 5 to 10 wt. Here, the gypsum may refer to anhydrous gypsum (abbreviated as CS).

[0040] The admixture may include at least one of a set retarder, an antifoaming agent, a water reducing agent, a foaming agent (or a foaming agent), an expanding agent, or an alkali metal sulfate. Examples of the set retarder include organic acids or salts thereof such as citric acid, gluconic acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid; inorganic salts such as boric acid, borates such as sodium borate, phosphates, alkali metal carbonates, and alkali metal bicarbonates; and sugars such as sucrose and dextrin.

[0041] The antifoaming agent may be an antifoaming agent commonly used in concrete. Examples include mineral oil-based antifoaming agents, ester-based antifoaming agents, amine-based antifoaming agents, amide-based antifoaming agents, polyether-based antifoaming agents, and silicone-based antifoaming agents. Polyether-based antifoaming agents may be particularly preferred. The antifoaming agent may be in the form of a liquid or a powder. Powder is preferred when used as a premix. The content of the antifoaming agent is preferably 0.02 to 0.6 parts by weight, 0.03 to 0.5 parts by weight, or 0.04 to 0.35 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of cement and aggregate. If the content of the antifoaming agent is within the above range, it is believed that the amount of trapped air can be further reduced, making it easier to prevent strength loss caused by trapped air.

[0042] The water-reducing agent may include a high-performance water-reducing agent, a high-performance air-entraining agent, an air-entraining agent, and a superplasticizer. Examples of such water-reducing agents include those specified in JIS A 6204:2011 "Chemical Admixtures for Concrete." Examples of water-reducing agents include polycarboxylic acid-based water-reducing agents, naphthalene sulfonic acid-based water-reducing agents, lignin sulfonic acid-based water-reducing agents, melamine-based water-reducing agents, and acrylic-based water-reducing agents. Polycarboxylic acid-based water-reducing agents are considered preferable. One type of water-reducing agent may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. The content of the water-reducing agent may be 0.15 to 0.5 parts by weight, 0.2 to 0.4 parts by weight, or 0.2 to 0.3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of binder. It is believed that good fluidity is easily achieved when formed into mortar, and strength development upon hardening is also likely to be improved.

[0043] The foaming agent (or blowing agent) is not particularly limited and may be, for example, a substance that generates gas after mixing with water, or a substance that stabilizes bubbles. The foaming agent increases the amount of mortar mixed, while at the same time reducing the specific gravity compared to conventional mortars, improving workability. This allows the required height to be achieved on the applied mortar base. Furthermore, the specific gravity remains lighter after hardening, similar to that of autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC), which contains fine bubbles. As a result, the weight burden and post-tensioning on slabs, etc. can be reduced. The foaming agent (or blowing agent) may contain a surfactant. In particular, it may contain an anionic surfactant. The foaming agent (or blowing agent) may include powder of an amphoteric metal such as aluminum or zinc, or a peroxide substance such as sodium percarbonate. The foaming agent (or blowing agent) can effectively foam or stabilize the generated bubbles, further enhancing the expansion effect. For example, it may contain sodium percarbonate. It may also contain an anionic surfactant such as a carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate ester salt, or phosphate ester salt. The anionic surfactant may have the characteristics of excellent emulsification and dispersibility, good foaming, and resistance to temperature effects. Surfactants including anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, nonionic surfactants, etc. may be included. The foaming agent (or expanding agent) may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The content of the foaming agent (or expanding agent) may be 0.01 to 0.2 parts by weight, 0.03 to 0.1 parts by weight, or 0.05 to 0.1 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of cements and aggregates. It is believed that settlement and reduction after filling the mortar are easily prevented and that reduction in strength due to excessive expansion is less likely to occur.

[0044] Examples of the expansive material include calcium sulfoaluminate-based expansive materials and calcium aluminoferrite-based expansive materials, and the calcium sulfoaluminate-based expansive material and calcium aluminoferrite-based expansive material may be used in combination. The calcium sulfoaluminate-based expansive material plays a role in reducing the drying shrinkage of mortar and suppressing the generation of bleeding water. The method for producing the expansive material includes mixing a CaO raw material, Al ２ O ３Raw material, Fe ２ O ３ Raw materials, and CaSO ４ The raw materials are mixed in a predetermined ratio and then heat-treated using an electric furnace or rotary kiln, generally at 1,100 to 1,600°C. Heat treatment temperatures of 1,100°C or higher make it easier to obtain sufficient expansion performance from the resulting expansive material, while temperatures of 1,600°C or lower can suppress the decomposition of anhydrous gypsum. Limestone and slaked lime are examples of CaO raw materials, while Al ２ O ３ The raw materials are bauxite and aluminum ash, ２ O ３ The raw materials are copper slag, commercially available iron oxide, and CaSO ４ Raw materials include gypsum dihydrate, gypsum hemihydrate, and anhydrous gypsum. The fineness of the expansive material is set to a Blaine specific surface area of ​​7,500 cm from the viewpoint of suppressing bleeding water. ２ / g or more. ２ / g or more, the occurrence of bleeding water can be suppressed. The amount of calcium sulfoaluminate-based expansive agent used may usually be 0.3 to 9 parts, 1 to 6 parts, or 2 to 5 parts, per 100 parts of binder consisting of cement, expansive agent, and pozzolan fine powder. The occurrence of bleeding water can be suppressed, a decrease in strength development due to excessive expansion can be prevented, and flow-down can be reduced. Calcium aluminoferrite-based expansive agents are effective on their own, but when used in combination with calcium sulfoaluminate-based expansive agents, the amount of drying shrinkage of mortar can be reduced without reducing flow retention, and it is said to have the effect of suppressing the occurrence of cracks. Calcium aluminoferrite-based expansive agents are made of CaO raw materials, Al ２ O ３ Raw material, Fe ２ O ３ Raw materials and CaSO ４It is an expansion substance obtained by heat treating raw materials and containing free lime, calcium aluminoferrite, and anhydrous gypsum. The proportions are not particularly limited, but it is considered that 30 to 60 parts of free lime is preferable, and 40 to 50 parts is preferable, per 100 parts of the expansion substance. ４ AF is considered to be preferably 10 to 40 parts. 15 to 35 parts is considered to be preferable. Furthermore, anhydrous gypsum is considered to be preferably 10 to 40 parts. 20 to 35 parts is considered to be preferable. C ４ AF is CaO-Al ２ O ３ -Fe ２ O ３ This is a general term for CaO-based compounds, and is not particularly limited, but generally, CaO is used as a compound containing C and Al. ２ O ３ A, Fe ２ O ３ If F is used, then C ４ AF and C ６ AF ２ Compounds such as C are well known. ４ It can be considered that it exists as AF. The fineness of calcium aluminoferrite-based expanding material is 2,000 cm in terms of Blaine specific surface area. ２ / g or more is considered to be preferable. ２ / g is considered to be preferable. ２ / g or more is considered to be preferable. It is considered that the occurrence of bleeding can be prevented. ２ / g or less is considered preferable. It is considered that good fluidity will be more easily obtained. The amount of calcium aluminoferrite-based expansive material used is usually considered to be 0.1 to 8 parts per 100 parts of binder. It is considered to be 0.5 to 5 parts is preferable. It is considered to be 1 to 4 parts is preferable. It is considered that a sufficient effect of reducing drying shrinkage will be more easily obtained, and excessive expansion and a decrease in strength development will be prevented. When a calcium sulfoaluminate-based expansive material and a calcium aluminoferrite-based expansive material are used in combination, the weight ratio between them (calcium sulfoaluminate-based expansive material / calcium aluminoferrite-based expansive material) is considered to be 0.15 to 18, from the viewpoint of exerting the combined effect of these. It is considered to be 0.2 to 16.

[0045] Examples of alkali metal sulfates include sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and lithium sulfate. As the alkali metal sulfate, sodium sulfate is considered to be preferable from the viewpoint of easily obtaining better fluidity. Anhydrous sodium sulfate is considered to be preferable. The alkali metal sulfates may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The content of the alkali metal sulfate may be 0.35 to 2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of cement. It is considered preferable that the content be 0.4 to 1.8 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of cement. It is considered preferable that the content be 0.45 to 1.5 parts by weight.

[0046] For example, a mortar may include (1) cement, (2) lightweight aggregate, (3) fine aggregate, (4) thickener, (5) polymer, (6) fiber, (7) binder, and (8) admixture. In particular, the mortar may include cement, lightweight and / or fine aggregate, and may further include a thickener.

[0047] (Preparation of Box and Inner Body) A commercially available cardboard box made of recycled paper (inner dimensions: approximately 20 cm x approximately 20 cm x approximately 28 cm, net weight approximately 300 g) was prepared as the enclosure. The inner body was formed using commercially available water-soluble paper (Nippon Paper Papylia Co., Ltd., water-soluble paper, 30MDP). It was cut out as shown in the development diagram in Figure 5A, and water-soluble PVA glue (approximately 2 mm diameter) was applied to the adhesive margin to create a box shape. This water-soluble paper contained approximately 50 wt% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a methylcellulose. A hollow rectangular parallelepiped (weight approximately 22 g, approximately 20 cm x approximately 20 cm x approximately 28 cm) was prepared using this water-soluble paper.

[0048] (Preparation of Mortar Powder 1) Approximately 43 parts by weight (42.51 wt%) of Portland cement (ordinary Portland cement manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd.) was used as cement, approximately 3.9 parts by weight (3.85 wt%) of perlite (Hardlite B-04 manufactured by Showa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used as lightweight aggregate, approximately 27 parts by weight (26.68 wt%) of silica sand (silica sand N60 manufactured by Nippou Mining Co., Ltd.) and approximately 27 parts by weight (26.68 wt%) of limestone granulated to 1 to 0.3 mm (granular powder 103 manufactured by Aritsu Mining Co., Ltd.) were used as fine aggregate, and methylcellulose (PMC-40 of Meserose (HPMC) manufactured by Lotte Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used as a thickener. Mortar powder 1 was formed by mixing approximately 0.07 parts by weight (0.07 wt%) of PEG-100 HS, approximately 0.01 parts by weight (0.01 wt%) of an anionic surfactant (Lipolan PB-800CJ manufactured by Lion Corporation) as a foaming agent, and approximately 0.2 parts by weight (0.20 wt%) of a vinyl acetate and ethylene copolymer (DA-1220 manufactured by Dairen Chemical Corporation).

[0049] (Preparation of Mortar Powder 2) Approximately 43 parts by weight (42.52 wt%) of Portland cement (ordinary Portland cement manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd.) was used as cement, approximately 3.9 parts by weight (3.86 wt%) of perlite (Hardlite B-04 manufactured by Showa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used as lightweight aggregate, approximately 27 parts by weight (26.70 wt%) of silica sand (silica sand N60 manufactured by Nippou Mining Co., Ltd.) and approximately 27 parts by weight (26.70 wt%) of limestone granulated to 1 to 0.3 mm (granular powder 103 manufactured by Aritsu Mining Co., Ltd.) were used as fine aggregate, and methylcellulose (PMC-40 of Meserose (HPMC) manufactured by Lotte Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used as a thickener. Mortar powder 2 was formed by mixing about 0.01 parts by weight (0.01 wt%) of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HS), about 0.01 parts by weight (0.01 wt%) of an anionic surfactant (Lipolan PB-800CJ manufactured by Lion Corporation) as a foaming agent, and about 0.2 parts by weight (0.20 wt%) of a vinyl acetate and ethylene copolymer (DA-1220 manufactured by Dairen Chemical Corporation).

[0050] (Preparation of Mortar Powder 3) Approximately 35 parts by weight (34.92 wt%) of Portland cement (ordinary Portland cement manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd.) was used as cement, approximately 65 parts by weight (64.86 wt%) of silica sand (silica sand N60 manufactured by Nippyo Mining Co., Ltd.) was used as fine aggregate, approximately 0.01 parts by weight (0.01 wt%) of methylcellulose (PMC-40 HS of Meserose (HPMC) manufactured by Lotte Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used as a thickener, approximately 0.01 parts by weight (0.01 wt%) of anionic surfactant (Lipolan PB-800CJ manufactured by Lion Corporation) was used as a foaming agent, and approximately 0.01 parts by weight (0.01 wt%) of a vinyl acetate and ethylene copolymer (Dairen Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used as a foaming agent. About 0.2 parts by weight (0.20 wt %) of mortar powder 3 was mixed with the mortar powder 3 (DA-1220 manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation).

[0051] (Preparation of Mortar Powder 4) Approximately 43 parts by weight (42.53 wt%) of Portland cement (ordinary Portland cement manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd.) was used as cement, approximately 3.9 parts by weight (3.86 wt%) of perlite (Hardlite B-04 manufactured by Showa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used as lightweight aggregate, approximately 27 parts by weight (26.70 wt%) of silica sand (silica sand N60 manufactured by Nippou Mining Co., Ltd.) and approximately 27 parts by weight (26.70 wt%) of limestone granulated to 1 to 0.3 mm (granular powder 103 manufactured by Aritsu Mining Co., Ltd.) were used as fine aggregate, approximately 0.01 parts by weight (0.01 wt%) of an anionic surfactant (Lipolan PB-800CJ manufactured by Lion Corporation) was used as a foaming agent, and approximately 0.01 parts by weight (0.01 wt%) of a vinyl acetate and ethylene copolymer (Dairen Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used as a foaming agent. % (DA-1220 manufactured by Epson Corporation) was mixed to form mortar powder 4.

[0052] (Packaging and Mixing of Mixed Powders) Mixed powders 1 to 4 prepared as described above were loaded into the inner container of the box. A filling machine such as that shown in Figure 14 was used. The total weight of the mortar box with the outer lid closed was approximately 15 kg. Since the weight of the inner container (made of methylcellulose) was 22 g, the total methylcellulose content was, for example, 0.14 wt% for Powder 1, 0.08 wt% for Powders 2 and 3, and 0.07 wt% for Powder 4. Next, the mortar box was moved to the mortar mixing location. The mortar box had perforations as shown in Figure 1, which were cut to load approximately 15 kg of mortar stored with the inner container into the mixer. Almost no dust was generated during this process. Mixing was performed with approximately 3.6 kg of water (tap water) (24% powder ratio).

[0053] The mixed mortar was subjected to a sensory test by five craftsmen using a trowel. Five craftsmen felt that Mortar Powder 1 was heavier than normal application work, while five craftsmen felt that Mortar Powders 2 to 4 were about the same as normal application work.

[0054] The results of tests conducted on the above-mentioned mortar powders 1 to 4 in accordance with JASS 19 M-101 "Quality standard of cement mortar for attaching large floor tiles" are shown below.

[0055] (Comparative Example 1) Portland cement (ordinary Portland cement manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd.) was used as cement, approximately 43 parts by weight (42.51 wt%) was used as cement, perlite (Hardlite B-04 manufactured by Showa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used as lightweight aggregate, approximately 3.9 parts by weight (3.85 wt%) was used as aggregate, silica sand (silica sand N60 manufactured by Nippyo Mining Co., Ltd.) and limestone granulated to 1 to 0.3 mm (granular powder 103 manufactured by Aritsu Mining Co., Ltd.) were used as fine aggregate, approximately 27 parts by weight (26.68 wt%) and approximately 27 parts by weight (26.68 wt%) were used as fine aggregate, and methylcellulose (PMC-40 of Meserose (HPMC) manufactured by Lotte Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used as a thickener. Mortar powder Comparative Example 1 was prepared by mixing about 0.07 parts by weight (0.07 wt%) of PEG-100 HS, about 0.01 parts by weight (0.01 wt%) of an anionic surfactant (Lipolan PB-800CJ manufactured by Lion Corporation) as a foaming agent, and about 0.2 parts by weight (0.20 wt%) of a vinyl acetate and ethylene copolymer (DA-1220 manufactured by Dairen Chemical Corporation).

[0056] (Comparative Example 2) Portland cement (ordinary Portland cement manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd.) was used as cement, approximately 43 parts by weight (42.53 wt%) was used as cement, perlite (Hardlite B-04 manufactured by Showa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used as lightweight aggregate, approximately 3.9 parts by weight (3.86 wt%) was used as aggregate, silica sand (silica sand N60 manufactured by Nippyo Mining Co., Ltd.) and limestone granulated to 1 to 0.3 mm (granular powder 103 manufactured by Aritsu Mining Co., Ltd.) were used as fine aggregate, approximately 27 parts by weight (26.70 wt%) and approximately 27 parts by weight (26.70 wt%) were used as fine aggregate, anionic surfactant (Lipolan PB-800CJ manufactured by Lion Corporation) was used as a foaming agent, and a copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene (Dairen Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used as a foaming agent. About 0.2 parts by weight (0.20 wt %) of a mortar powder (DA-1220 manufactured by Epson Corporation) was mixed to form Comparative Mortar Powder 2.

[0057] (Storage and kneading of comparative powder mixtures) 15 kg of each of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was placed in a conventional cement bag and transported to the kneading site. The cement bag was opened, placed in a kneading machine, and 3.6 kg of water was added and kneaded. At this time, a large amount of dust was generated. A sensory test was conducted by five craftsmen using a trowel on the kneaded mortar (Comparative Examples 1 and 2). Five craftsmen found that Comparative Example 1 was comparable to normal application work. Five craftsmen found that Comparative Example 2 was not very viscous and that it was difficult to spread the mortar.

[0058] Tests were carried out on the above-mentioned Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in accordance with JASS 19 M-101 "Quality Standards for Cement Mortars for Attaching Large Floor Tiles," and the results are shown below.

[0059] As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, Examples 1 to 4 have almost the same mechanical strength, but Comparative Example 1, which contains a small amount of methylcellulose, has a lower mechanical strength. On the other hand, Comparative Example 2, which does not contain methylcellulose, had even lower strength. Furthermore, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, a large amount of dust was generated when mortar was poured into the kneader, but in Examples 1 to 4, almost no dust was generated. In other words, the working environment was significantly improved in the Examples. Furthermore, the enclosure (outer box) of the mortar box in Example 1 was made of cardboard and was therefore recyclable, reducing the environmental impact. On the other hand, the cement bags in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 became industrial waste, resulting in a high environmental impact.

[0060] 10 Storage container 10a Enclosure 10b Inner body 12a, 12b Outer flaps 12c, 12d Inner flaps 14a, 14c Longitudinal surface 14b, 14d Width surface 14e Glue margin 16 Bottom surface 18 Perforation 19 Open band 20 Kneading container 22 Inner bottom surface 22a Bottom edge 23 Bottom member 23a Extension 24a, 24c Inner longitudinal surface 24b, 24d Inner width surface 2de Glue margin 26, 28 Reinforcement band 30 Side portion manufacturing device 32 Placement substrate 34 Turntable 36 Upper center 38 Adjustment bar 40 Raw material roll 40 40a Outermost surface raw material 42 Vertical cutter 44 Mold 46 Rotating shaft 50, 52 Air stapler presser plate 60 Powder filling device 61 Powder spray device 62 Intermediate container 65a Shaft 65b, 65b' Spiral portion 65c Rotation drive portion / control device 72 Lifting platform 74 Lifting shaft 76 Arrow 80 Powder spray nozzle 90 Modified powder spray nozzle 100 Powder box assembly 200 Loading pallet 210 Loading platform 220 Leg

Claims

1. A storage container capable of storing powder as its contents, comprising: an enclosure having a predetermined mechanical strength and having a first storage space on a first inside; and an inner body containing a material that at least does not deteriorate or improves the function of the powder content and having a second storage space on a second inside, wherein at least a portion of the enclosure wall on the first inside of the enclosure and at least a portion of the inner body wall on the outside of the inner body are arranged so as to be in direct or indirect contact with each other, forming at least a portion of a second storage space that is a storage space defined by a double wall of the enclosure wall and the inner body wall.

2. A container according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner body is made of water-disintegrable paper or water-soluble paper.

3. The container according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the enclosure wall and at least a portion of the interior body wall are slidable when the contents are discharged.

4. The container of claim 1, wherein the enclosure comprises recyclable materials.

5. The container according to claim 1, wherein the enclosure is provided with an openable member at least in part.

6. A storage container according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the enclosure has a general shape of a rectangular parallelepiped or a cylindrical column.

7. A container according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the opening member is defined at least in part by a separation member that is detachable from the enclosure when opened.

8. A method for manufacturing a powder storage container as described in claim 1, comprising the steps of: providing an enclosure having a predetermined mechanical strength and capable of providing a storage space therein, the enclosure having an opening member on one end side and a separating section on at least a portion of the enclosure that makes it easy to open the opening member; placing an inner body inside the enclosure; and filling the storage space with the powder from the other end side of the enclosure with at least a portion of the other end side open, and then closing the other end side.

9. An apparatus for manufacturing a powder storage container as described in claim 1, comprising an enclosure having a predetermined mechanical strength and capable of providing a first storage space on its first inside, an inner body wall that can be placed within the first storage space so as to be in contact with at least a portion of the enclosure wall on the first inside of the enclosure, and manufacturing a tubular body that constitutes the side surface of the inner body that defines a second storage space, the apparatus comprising: a roll on which a thin film material that is the raw material for the inner body wall is wound; a winding member that winds up the thin film material unwound from the roll and has an outer shape that imitates the second storage space; and a cutting device that cuts the thin film material, wherein the cutting device is disposed between the roll and the winding member, and the cutting device cuts the thin film material in the amount required to form the second storage space.

10. A packaged powder in which a predetermined powder is stored in the powder storage container according to claim 1.

11. A mortar made of powder that may be stored in the powder storage container described in claim 1, characterized in that the powder contains 10 to 60 parts by weight of cement and 90 to 40 parts by weight of aggregate, and the inner body of the storage container contains a thickener that is mixed with the cement and aggregate using a fluid, or a thickener precursor that becomes a thickener through such mixing.

12. The mortar according to claim 11, wherein the powder may contain the same or a different thickener or a thickener precursor that becomes the thickener when mixed with the powder.

13. The mortar of claim 11, wherein the thickening agent comprises methylcellulose and / or its derivatives.

14. An apparatus for filling a powder storage container with a predetermined powder as described in claim 1, comprising: an intermediate storage container arranged in a second storage space on the second inside of an inner body inserted into the first inside of an enclosure; an injection tube for feeding the predetermined powder into the intermediate storage container; a moving device for relatively moving the powder storage container, the intermediate storage container and / or the injection tube; and a supply source for supplying the predetermined powder, wherein the intermediate storage container has an opening at its bottom that leads to the second storage space and has an opening through which the predetermined powder fed from the injection tube passes; and a driving device and control device for moving the intermediate storage container relative to the powder storage container when the predetermined powder is fed into the intermediate storage container.

15. The filling device of claim 14, further comprising a translational drive member within said intermediate container capable of translating powder toward the bottom of said container.

16. A method for transporting powder using a powder storage container as defined in claim 1, comprising: an enclosure having a predetermined mechanical strength and having a first storage space on a first interior side; and an inner body having a second storage space on a second interior side, the second storage space containing a material that at least does not deteriorate or improves the function of the powder contained therein, the method comprising the steps of: filling the second storage space of the powder storage container, which has one end closed and the other end open, with the powder from the other end; closing the opening on the other end; placing the powder filled in the second storage space on a transport device with both the one end and the other end closed; transporting the powder to a destination by the transport device; at the destination, positioning the storage container containing the powder so that it faces a location where the powder is to be added; opening an openable member provided on at least a part of the enclosure; and in the opening step, adding the powder together with at least a part or all of the inner body.

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