A CPR guide system

Abstract

The present disclosure generally relates to a computer-implemented method performed by a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guide system comprising a control unit, an accelerometer and a tactile sensor, wherein the CPR guide system is adapted for instructing a user in providing CPR to a patient The CPR guide system is specifically adapted to determine an indication of quality of CPR provided to the patient, and to allow the instruction to the user to take into account the determined indication of quality. The present disclosure also relates to a corresponding CPR guide system and computer program product.

Description

[0001] A CPR GUIDE SYSTEM

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure generally relates to a computer-implemented method performed by a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guide system comprising a control unit, an accelerometer and a tactile sensor, wherein the CPR guide system is adapted for instructing a user in providing CPR to a patient. The CPR guide system is specifically adapted to determine an indication of quality of CPR provided to the patient, and to allow the instruction to the user to take into account the determined indication of quality. The present disclosure also relates to a corresponding CPR guide system and computer program product.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] CPR is a critical emergency procedure aimed at sustaining vital function in individuals experiencing cardiac arrest. The effectiveness of CPR hinges on the timely and precise application of chest compressions and ventilations, necessitating a high degree of skill and confidence from the responder. In light of the above, the development and deployment of CPR guide systems have garnered significant attention, aiming to enhance the quality of CPR delivered by both professional healthcare providers and laypersons.

[0006] Current technologies in CPR guidance have evolved to include feedback mechanisms that instruct users on optimal compression depth and rhythm, based on real-time monitoring of CPR performance. Notably, systems like the one described in US8394040B2 represent substantial advancements in the field, incorporating accelerometers and other sensors to measure and analyze the dynamics of administered chest compressions. These systems provide immediate feedback, aiming to improve the responder’s adherence to recommended CPR protocols. US8394040B2, in particular, emphasizes the importance of accurate depth measurement and the continuous monitoring of compression forces, utilizing a combination of accelerometer data and algorithmic processing to guide the user’s actions.

[0007] Despite these advancements, challenges persist in ensuring the comprehensive effectiveness and adaptability of CPR guide systems. One pivotal aspect is the detection of a sufficient release between compressions, crucial for allowing full chest recoil and maximizing blood circulation during CPR. Existing solutions, including those explored in US8394040B2, often focus primarily on the metrics of compression depth and rate. Additionally, while feedback mechanisms have become more sophisticated, the need for intuitive, user-centered guidance that seamlessly integrates into the emergency response process remains partially unmet.

[0008] Further attention is drawn to W02022005897A2, presenting a system for administering patient-specific chest compressions includes an automated chest compressor configured to be applied to the chest of the patient to administer chest compressions to the patient; at least one force sensor configured to sense force information for force exerted on the patient by the chest compressor from the applied chest compressions, and at least one processor and memory communicatively coupled with the chest compressor and the at least one force sensor.

[0009] Additionally, US20200000680A1 shows a system for assisting a user in performing chest compressions includes: at least one input device for providing information representative of a plurality of physical features of a patient; at least one chest compression sensor; a feedback device for providing chest compression feedback for the user, and at least one processor.

[0010] With the above in mind, there is an apparent desire to provide further enhancements for CPR guide systems, specifically focusing on comprehensive real-time feedback mechanisms that not only monitor compression depth and rate but also effectively instruct users on achieving optimal chest recoil. Such advancements would address current limitations by offering a more general approach to CPR guidance, improving the quality of CPR performed and preferably increasing the likelihood of positive patient outcomes during cardiac emergencies.

[0011] SUMMARY

[0012] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the above is at least partly alleviated by a computer-implemented method performed by a CPR guide system for instructing a user in providing CPR to a patient, the CPR guide system comprising a control unit, and an accelerometer and a detection module, wherein the method comprises the steps of estimating, using the control unit and based on information acquired from the accelerometer, a depth of a series of chest compressions exerted by the user on a chest of the patient, determining, using the control unit and based on information received from the detection module, whether the chest of the patient has been sufficiently released following each of the chest compressions, wherein the detection module is adapted to detect the release of the chest corresponding to a reduction in a force applied to the chest of the patient, and wherein sufficient release is defined relative to a predefined absence-of-force threshold associated with the detection module, determining, using the control unit and based on the determined depth of compressions and release of the chest, an indication of a quality of the CPR provided to the patient, and instructing, using the control unit and based on the indication of quality of the provided CPR, the user to adjust at least a portion of a CPR technique used by the user.

[0013] The present disclosure is based on the understanding that effective CPR hinges on the precision of chest compressions regarding depth and subsequent release. An accelerometer, coupled with a detection module and controlled by a unit within a CPR guide system, allows for improved monitoring and thus enhanced CPR techniques. However, the reliability of accelerometer data can be compromised by drift over time, potentially affecting the accuracy of compression depth and release estimations. The present disclosure addressed such a challenge by additionally include a detection module, which works together with the accelerometer to counteract the impact of data drift. The detection module is used for validating the readings of the accelerometer, ensuring the CPR guidance remains accurate and effective.

[0014] The expression ’’estimating a depth of a series of chest compressions” within the disclosure delineates the process through which the CPR guide system measures vertical displacement on a patient’s chest during CPR. Analysis of data from an accelerometer, processed by the control unit, is used for that ensuring chest compressions remain within guidelines recommended for effective blood circulation to vital organs. Acceleration forces generated as the user applies and releases pressure on the chest are captured by the accelerometer. A double integration method transforms these acceleration measurements over time into displacement data, enabling the control unit to accurately calculate compression depth. Comparisons of such a determined calculated depth with established CPR guidelines help assess whether compressions achieve the necessary depth for optimal cardiac output. Application of such a depth estimation method, by double integrating acceleration data, equips the system to offer precise feedback for real-time adjustments in CPR technique.

[0015] Furthermore, the expression ’’determining whether a sufficient release of chest compression has been achieved” is interpreted within the present disclosure as assessing if the pressure applied to the patient’s chest during CPR is adequately relieved after each compression. Unlike prior art that in some implementations emphasizes the measurement of compression force, the solution according to the present disclosure focuses on the release phase, which is equally vital for effective CPR. Through a detection module, the system monitors the reduction in force applied to the chest, ensuring it reaches or drops below a predetermined threshold indicative of sufficient chest recoil. Proper recoil between compressions is crucial, allowing the heart to refill with blood, which in turn influences the effectiveness of the CPR process. By analyzing data from the detection module, the control unit confirms whether the chest’s release meets the necessary criteria, providing a comprehensive evaluation of CPR technique that includes both the exertion and relaxation phases. Such a scheme ensures a balanced focus on both applying and releasing compression, critical for maximizing blood circulation during CPR.

[0016] Still further, the expression ’’determining an indicating of a quality of the CPR provided to the patient” within the present disclosure refers to the method by which the CPR guide system evaluates and conveys the effectiveness of CPR performed, based on predetermined CPR quality standards. Through the control unit, data derived from the accelerometer and the detection module is analyzed to assess CPR performance in real time. Feedback, which may be visual, auditory, or tactile, informs the user of key CPR quality aspects such as compression depth, proper release between compressions, and the rhythm and rate of compressions. Providing immediate, actionable feedback allows users to adjust their CPR technique to align with recommended guidelines. Such a feedback mechanism is specifically suitable for improving the learning curve of CPR providers, ensuring each compression cycle effectively circulates blood to vital organs. By linking feedback directly to CPR quality, the system enhances the CPR process, potentially increasing patient survival rates in cardiac arrest scenarios.

[0017] Furthermore, unlike prior systems that attempt to infer chest recoil based on continuous signals such as lift force, displacement, or upstroke acceleration, the present disclosure introduces a method in which sufficient release is explicitly defined relative to a predefined absence-of-force threshold. Such a threshold serves as a clear and repeatable reference point against which force reduction is evaluated, enabling the system to directly determine whether adequate chest recoil has occurred following each compression. Accordingly, by relying on an explicitly defined absence-of-force threshold, rather than indirect signal patterns or inferred values, the CPR guide system achieves a more transparent and consistent assessment of release. Such an approach may also improve reliability across varying users, patient anatomies, and environmental conditions, and avoids the ambiguities associated with interpreting gradual or noisy sensor data. As such, the present disclosure provides a clearly distinguishable method for evaluating chest release, which supports more accurate feedback and contributes to improved CPR quality. Preferably, the detection module comprises one or more of a binary switch, tactile sensor, a pressure sensor, and an optical sensor. The design of the detection module allows for the integration of various types of sensors, each capable of identifying reductions in force applied to the patient’s chest, thus offering flexibility in configuring the CPR guide system according to specific use cases or environments. A tactile sensor excels in direct force measurement by detecting physical contact and variations in pressure, making it ideal for environments where direct interaction with the chest is unobstructed. Pressure sensors measure the intensity of force over an area, providing detailed insights into the uniformity and effectiveness of chest compressions. Optical sensors, which measure changes in light interactions caused by chest movement, offer a non-contact method of detecting compression depth and release, suitable for situations where minimal physical interference is preferred.

[0018] Such a modular approach to sensor selection within the detection module significantly enhances the system’s versatility and adaptability. By allowing the choice of sensor type to be tailored to specific operational needs or patient conditions, the CPR guide system ensures optimal performance across a diverse range of CPR scenarios. For example, in noisy environments where tactile feedback might be compromised, optical sensors can provide clear, uninterrupted data. Similarly, in situations requiring precise measurement of force distribution, pressure sensors could possibly be favored.

[0019] Furthermore, combining the data from the accelerometer with an additional sensor within the detection module may provide for an improvement of the system’s ability to accurately monitor CPR techniques. Such an approach combines the detailed motion analysis provided by the accelerometer with the force or proximity measurements captured by a tactile or optical sensor and allows for a more precise evaluation of chest compressions and releases. Data from the accelerometer, which tracks the speed and pattern of compressions, when analyzed alongside e.g. the tactile or optical sensor readings, which provide direct or indirect force measurements, ensures a comprehensive assessment of CPR quality.

[0020] Additionally, it may in some embodiments be desirable to arrange the detection module to receive information from the accelerometer. In certain configurations of the CPR guide system, combining the detection module with the accelerometer offers a streamlined approach to data acquisition and analysis. By utilizing accelerometer data, the detection module nay for example employs algorithms to interpret motion patterns associated with chest compressions and releases. Such algorithms could analyze the acceleration curves to distinguish between the downward force exertion phase and the upward release phase, allowing for the estimation of both compression depth and the speed and completeness of chest recoil. The direct use of accelerometer data simplifies the system architecture by leveraging existing sensor inputs for multiple facets of CPR performance assessment.

[0021] Incorporating accelerometer data directly into the detection module’s analysis process presents numerous technical advantages. For one, it could potentially allow for an improved understanding of CPR mechanics from a single data source, reducing the need for additional sensors and thereby streamlining the system design. A potential algorithmic approach could involve the differentiation of acceleration signatures unique to effective chest compressions and releases, enabling the detection of nuanced aspects of CPR quality, such as the adequacy of chest recoil, without direct physical measurement by additional sensors. Such a method could enhance the system’s efficiency by minimizing hardware complexity while still providing detailed feedback on CPR execution. Furthermore, by analyzing comprehensive motion data, the system can adapt to a wider range of CPR techniques and user behaviors, ensuring that feedback remains accurate and relevant across diverse scenarios.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the control unit is configured to apply a filtering algorithm to the accelerometer data prior to estimating the compression depth. Filtering reduces the influence of high-frequency noise and motion artifacts that may occur due to patient movement or unstable contact between the device and the user. Such an implementation may ensure that compression depth estimation remains stable and within clinically acceptable accuracy ranges, even in suboptimal or high-intensity environments.

[0023] Additionally, in some embodiments, determining whether a sufficient release has been achieved may further comprise detecting a change in a switching state of a binary switch from a pressed state to a released state. Such an implementation change is interpreted as a crossing of the predefined absence-of-force threshold. Such switching behavior enables the detection of release using a discrete signal transition, rather than requiring continuous force measurement or threshold comparison via analog signals.

[0024] Preferably, the predefined absence-of-force threshold is stored as a fixed value in a memory accessible to the control unit and is used as a reference for determining sufficient release based solely on discrete state changes from the detection module, thereby avoiding the need to estimate or dynamically infer the release condition using analog sensor interpretation. By associating a specific stored value with the release condition, system behavior remains consistent across sessions and users, reducing dependency on variable conditions such as patient anatomy, environmental vibration, or drift-prone sensor calibration.

[0025] Advantages of using a fixed threshold value include simplified control logic, faster detection of state transitions, and increased robustness to noise or drift. In operational terms, such an implementation allows the CPR system to provide reliable feedback even in high-stress field conditions or during training scenarios involving multiple users. It also enables straightforward performance tuning during device configuration or maintenance, further enhancing usability and operational reliability.

[0026] In some embodiments, the user is instructed using at least one of auditory signals, visual signals, and tactile signals generated by the control unit. That is, in some embodiments the CPR guide system makes use of a multifaceted feedback approach to communicate with the user, utilizing auditory, visual, and tactile signals based on the control unit’s analysis. Auditory signals may include spoken instructions or beeps to guide the rhythm of compressions, while visual signals could involve on-screen prompts, diagrams, or color-coded feedback indicating the quality of CPR performed. Tactile signals, such as vibrations, alert the user to corrections in technique without requiring visual attention. The choice among these feedback types allows the system to adapt to various emergency scenarios and user preferences, ensuring that critical information is conveyed effectively during CPR.

[0027] The technical advantages of providing feedback through multiple sensory channels include enhanced learning and retention of proper CPR techniques, especially in high-stress situations where auditory or visual attention may be compromised. Auditory feedback can support users in maintaining the correct compression rhythm, crucial for effective CPR, without diverting their gaze from the patient. Visual feedback offers detailed performance analysis and instructional cues that can be reviewed post-event to improve future performance. Tactile feedback ensures immediate correction without reliance on the user’s visual or auditory focus, which is particularly useful in loud environments or when the user’s sight is obstructed. Together, these feedback mechanisms cater to diverse learning styles and operational contexts, increasing the likelihood of high-quality CPR delivery and potentially improving patient outcomes.

[0028] Furthermore, on some embodiments of the present disclosure it may be desirable to allow the auditory signals to include verbal instructions or alerts, the visual signals include graphical representations or text on a display comprised with or associated with the CPR guide system, and the tactile signals include vibrations or haptic feedback. In specified embodiments, the CPR guide system is enhanced by diversifying the feedback modalities to include verbal instructions or alerts for auditory signals, graphical representations, or textual information on displays for visual signals, and vibrations or haptic feedback for tactile signals. Auditory feedback might convey commands or pace for compressions, visual feedback could display real-time performance metrics or corrective animations, and tactile feedback might signal errors in technique or rhythm directly through touch. These feedback types are designed to operate through interfaces associated with or integral to the CPR guide system, ensuring seamless integration into the CPR delivery process.

[0029] The inclusion of such detailed feedback mechanisms offers several technical advantages. Verbal instructions or alerts can provide immediate guidance or correction without requiring the user to shift focus from their task, enhancing the efficiency of learning and execution of CPR. Graphical representations or text on a display allow for a detailed review of performance, both during and after CPR, facilitating a deeper understanding of correct techniques and areas for improvement. Vibrations or haptic feedback offer a discreet yet effective method of communication, particularly useful in noisy environments or when the user’s visual and auditory channels are otherwise engaged.

[0030] Preferably, the feedback may in some embodiments be generated by the control unit includes specific instructions for improving chest compression depth if the estimated depth is below a predefined value. In certain configurations, the CPR guide system is programmed to assess the depth of chest compressions against a benchmark established based on CPR guidelines. Should the system detect compressions that fail to meet the predefined depth criteria, the control unit is designed to generate feedback that contains explicit instructions aimed at correcting the user’s technique. These instructions guide the user to increase compression depth to reach the optimal range necessary for effective CPR. The system calculates compression depth using data from the accelerometer and compares the measurement to the predefined depth value. When a discrepancy is identified, indicating that compressions are shallower than required, the feedback mechanism activates to provide corrective guidance.

[0031] In further embodiments, the system may also generate feedback if the estimated compression depth exceeds a predefined upper value. Excessive compression depth may pose a risk of injury to the patient, particularly in cases involving pediatric patients, frail individuals, or training mannequins. By setting an upper threshold, the system can detect when the user is applying excessive force and prompt a reduction in compression depth. Such feedback enables safer CPR delivery while remaining within physiologically effective boundaries.

[0032] In another configuration, the CPR guide system may be arranged to monitor whether the compression depth falls outside of a predefined range, bounded by both lower and upper thresholds. Such a dual-limit assessment allows for real-time detection of deviations in either direction, being it too shallow or too deep. Upon detecting that compression depth has drifted beyond either boundary, the control unit issues guidance to bring the compressions back within range, thereby ensuring continuous adherence to CPR guidelines that define both minimum and maximum effective compression depths.

[0033] In still further embodiments, the feedback may be based on evaluating whether the compression depth fails to meet a predefined depth criterion, which may incorporate not only absolute thresholds but also statistical patterns, consistency over time, or compliance with depth targets over a set number of compressions. For example, the system may assess whether the average depth over a rolling window meets the standard, or whether consecutive compressions fall short of a depth profile expected for effective perfusion. If these criteria are not satisfied, the system generates targeted instructions to improve overall compression technique.

[0034] The capability to offer targeted feedback for enhancing chest compression depth presents significant technical advantages. Firstly, it ensures that CPR delivered by the user meets delivery stays within a safe and effective range, tailored to patient characteristics or regulatory standards. Secondly, by detecting both under- and over-compression, the system minimizes the risk of ineffective CPR or potential injury. Thirdly, integrating pattern-based or criterion-based assessment enables more robust performance monitoring, especially in training scenarios or advanced clinical implementations. By issuing precise, real-time feedback for any deviation from the target depth profile, the system supports immediate correction and reinforces proper technique, contributing to improved CPR quality and better patient outcomes

[0035] Additionally, in some optional embodiments the feedback generated by the control unit includes a prompt to ensure a full release of chest compression if the detection mechanism identifies that a sufficient release has not been achieved within a predetermined number of compressions. In such embodiments, the CPR guide system is equipped to monitor not only the depth of compressions but also the release phase following each compression. The system utilizes the detection mechanism to assess whether the force exerted on the patient’s chest decreases to or below a threshold level, indicative of a full release, after each compression cycle. If the system determines that the chest has not been adequately released, i.e. based on the criteria set for a ‘sufficient release’ within a specific number of compressions, the control unit then generates feedback in the form of prompts. Such prompts may be designed to specifically instruct the user to ensure complete release of the chest, aiming to correct the identified shortfall in technique immediately.

[0036] There are a plurality of technical advantages following such an implementation, for example including emphasizing the importance of chest recoil between compressions aligns with best practices in CPR which highlight the necessity for full chest recoil to maximize blood flow during cardiac arrest resuscitation. By directly addressing instances where sufficient release is not achieved, the system helps maintain optimal CPR quality, directly influencing the effectiveness of the resuscitation effort. Additionally, the ability to provide targeted feedback on the release phase enhances the educational value of the CPR guide system. It supports users in developing a comprehensive skill set that includes precise control over both compression and release phases, essential for effective CPR. Such a feedback mechanism ensures that users can immediately adjust their technique during CPR delivery, fostering an environment of continuous learning and improvement.

[0037] Still further, the scheme according to the present disclosure may further comprise receiving, at the control unit, user interaction via a user interface, wherein the user interaction is utilized to adjust settings of the CPR Guide system or to acknowledge feedback. Specifically, the CPR guide system according to the present disclosure may make use of a user interface that facilitates direct interaction between the user and the control unit. Such an interface allows users to modify system settings, such as adjusting sensitivity or feedback modalities, and to respond to the feedback provided by the system during CPR practice or actual emergency scenarios. The control unit processes inputs from the user, enabling immediate adjustments to the system’s operational parameters or acknowledgment of corrective feedback. Such a design ensures that the system can adapt to the user’s preferences or requirements in real-time, enhancing the usability and effectiveness of the CPR guide system.

[0038] The use of a user-responsive interface offers significant technical advantages, including enabling users to customize system settings, the CPR guide system can accommodate varying levels of experience and comfort with CPR techniques, making it a versatile tool for both novice and expert users. Such an adaptability ensures that the system remains effective across a wide range of scenarios and user types, increasing its overall utility. Additionally, the capacity for users to acknowledge and respond to feedback encourages active engagement with the learning process, reinforcing correct techniques through interaction rather than passive reception of information. Such engagement is critical for skill retention and improvement, particularly in the context of CPR training where proficiency can significantly impact outcomes.

[0039] Preferably, the predefined absence-of-force threshold is adjustable based on user input or predetermined CPR protocols. For example, the CPR guide system may in some embodiment offers the capability to customize the absence-of-force threshold, either directly by the user through the system’s interface or automatically adjusted to align with specific CPR protocols that may vary based on patient age, size, or specific medical conditions. The flexibility to adjust the threshold ensures that the system’s evaluation of chest release adequacy is not only based on general guidelines but can also be tailored to meet the specific needs of an individual patient or adhere to updated CPR recommendations.

[0040] The technical advantage of having an adjustable absence-of-force threshold lies in the system’s enhanced adaptability and precision in CPR feedback. Allowing user input for threshold adjustment empowers instructors and practitioners to refine the system settings based on real-time observations and clinical judgment, thus optimizing CPR training and practice for varied scenarios. Furthermore, the ability to conform to predetermined CPR protocols ensures that the CPR guide system remains current with evolving best practices and guidelines, offering users confidence that their CPR technique meets the highest standard of care.

[0041] In some embodiments, the scheme according to the present disclosure may additionally comprise the step of determining, using the control unit, a rate of chest compressions and providing feedback to the user to adjust the rate to fall within a target range. The system may assess the frequency of compressions using data from the accelerometer or, in some cases, other sensors included within the detection module. By measuring the time intervals between successive compressions, the control unit calculates the ongoing compression rate and compares it against a predefined target range consistent with current CPR guidelines.

[0042] Should the measured rate fall below or exceed the predefined limits, the control unit generates and conveys corrective feedback to the user. Such feedback may instruct the user to increase or decrease their compression rhythm to align with the clinically accepted range. The range may be fixed or dynamically adjustable depending on the selected CPR protocol or patient profile. The corrective feedback can be delivered using visual, auditory, or tactile channels, depending on system configuration and environment. Ensuring that the compression rate remains within guideline-recommended limits is critical for effective CPR. Compression rates that are too low may fail to generate sufficient blood flow, while excessively rapid compressions may compromise refill time and reduce cardiac output. Real-time feedback addressing these deviations allows users to maintain the appropriate tempo without needing to monitor time manually, thereby reducing cognitive load during high-stress scenarios, which has shown beneficial in emergency response settings where clear and immediate instruction enhances user performance.

[0043] In preferred embodiments, the CPR guide system may also be configured to record data related to the CPR session, including at least one of the compression depth, compression rate, and instances of insufficient release. The control unit may timestamp each compression and store corresponding metrics in memory, thereby allowing for detailed reconstruction of the CPR event, offering insight into the performance and consistency of the applied technique.

[0044] The recorded data can be processed and analyzed in real time or after the session concludes. For example, the system may identify trends such as gradually decreasing depth, fluctuating compression rates, or repeated failure to achieve full release. In some embodiments, the data may be exported via a wireless communication module to an external device such as a training console, mobile application, or electronic medical record system, thereby possibly supporting comprehensive performance reviews and facilitates data-driven training, compliance audits, or clinical debriefing.

[0045] In some configurations, the CPR guide system further comprises a tactile sensor, and the control unit is configured to detect the presence of signal noise or drift in the accelerometer input. In such cases, the system may temporarily prioritize the tactile sensor input to ensure accurate detection of compression and release phases, thereby assisting in maintaining reliable operation in the presence of motion artifacts or sensor degradation.

[0046] Further, in certain embodiments, the predefined absence-of-force threshold may be dynamically adjusted based on patient-specific characteristics selected through the user interface. For example, the system may allow configuration according to patient type (e.g. adult, pediatric, or infant) which in turn sets the appropriate release threshold for determining sufficient recoil. Additionally, the threshold may be updated automatically during CPR based on measured chest compliance or force-displacement response curves. Such an implementation may further allow the system to adapt to varying anatomical characteristics and maintain consistent evaluation criteria across different patient types. To improve usability in training or clinical use, the system may also suppress certain feedback prompts during a predefined initial learning period or after detecting consistent user performance over time, thereby avoiding overloading the user with frequent prompts and supports a more gradual learning process. Similarly, the control unit may be configured to adapt the feedback modality based on ambient conditions or user preferences — for instance, switching from auditory to tactile prompts in a noisy environment, or using visual indicators where vibration is not effective.

[0047] The ability to customize feedback delivery improves user acceptance and enhances system effectiveness across varied operational contexts. Lastly, storing timestamped CPR session data and enabling export functionality provides an important mechanism for documentation, quality control, and procedural refinement. By leveraging recorded performance metrics, healthcare providers and instructors can identify areas for improvement, correlate outcomes with CPR quality, and continuously refine CPR techniques and training protocols. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a CPR guide system for instructing a user in providing CPR to a patient, the CPR guide system comprising a control unit, and an accelerometer and a detection module, wherein the control unit is configured to estimate, based on information acquired from the accelerometer, a depth of a series of chest compressions exerted by the user on a chest of the patient, determine, based on information received from the detection module, whether the chest of the patient has been sufficiently released following each of the chest compressions, wherein the detection module is adapted to detect the release of the chest corresponding to a reduction in a force applied to the chest of the patient, and wherein sufficient release is defined relative to a predefined absence-of-force threshold associated with the detection module, determine, using the control unit and based on the determined depth of compressions and release of the chest, an indication of a quality of the CPR provided to the patient, and instruct, using the control unit and based on the indication of quality of the provided CPR, the user to adjust at least a portion of a CPR technique used by the user. This aspect of the present disclosure provides similar advantages as discussed above in relation to the previous aspects of the present disclosure.

[0048] According to a further aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon computer program means for operating a CPR guide system for instructing a user in providing CPR to a patient, the CPR guide system comprising a control unit, an accelerometer and a detection module, wherein the computer program product comprises code for estimating, using the control unit and based on information acquired from the accelerometer, a depth of a series of chest compressions exerted by the user on a chest of the patient, code for determining, using the control unit and based on information received from the detection module, whether the chest of the patient has been sufficiently released following each of the chest compressions, wherein the detection module is adapted to detect the release of the chest corresponding to a reduction in a force applied to the chest of the patient, and wherein sufficient release is defined relative to a predefined absence-of-force threshold associated with the detection module, code for determining, using the control unit and based on the determined depth of compressions and release of the chest, an indication of a quality of the CPR provided to the patient, and code for instructing, using the control unit and based on the indication of quality of the provided CPR, the user to adjust at least a portion of a CPR technique used by the user. Also this aspect of the present disclosure provides similar advantages as discussed above in relation to the previous aspects of the present disclosure.

[0049] A software executed by the processing unit for operation in accordance to the present disclosure may be stored on a computer readable medium, being any type of memory device, including one of a removable nonvolatile random access memory, a hard disk drive, a floppy disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a USB memory, an SD memory card, a solid state drive, other non-volatile flash based storage mediums, or a similar computer readable medium known in the art.

[0050] According to a still further aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-implemented method performed by a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guide system for instructing a user in providing CPR to a patient, the CPR guide system comprising a control unit, an accelerometer and a tactile sensor, wherein the method comprises the steps of estimating, using the control unit and based on information acquired from the accelerometer, a depth of a series of chest compressions exerted by the user on a chest of the patient, determining, using the control unit and based on information received from the tactile sensor, whether the chest of the patient has been sufficiently released following each of the chest compressions, wherein the tactile sensor is adapted to detect the release of the chest based on a change in a switching state of the tactile sensor corresponding to a reduction in a force applied to the chest of the patient, and wherein sufficient release is defined relative to a predefined absence-of-force threshold associated with the tactile sensor, determining, using the control unit and based on the determined depth of compressions and releases of the chest, an indication of a quality of the CPR provided to the patient, and instructing, using the control unit and based on the indication of quality of the provided CPR, the user to adjust at least a portion of a CPR technique used by the user. This aspect of the present disclosure provides similar advantages as discussed above in relation to the previous aspects of the present disclosure.

[0051] Further features of, and advantages with, the present disclosure will become apparent when studying the appended claims and the following description. The skilled addressee realizes that different features of the present disclosure may be combined to create embodiments other than those described in the following, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0052] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] The various aspects of the present disclosure, including its particular features and advantages, will be readily understood from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0054] Fig. 1 shows an exemplary cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guide system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and

[0055] Fig. 2 is a flow chart illustrating the exemplary steps of a method according to the present disclosure.

[0056] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The present disclosure will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which currently preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are shown. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided for thoroughness and completeness, and fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to the skilled person. Like reference characters refer to like elements throughout. The following examples illustrate the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the same.

[0058] Turning now to the drawings and to Fig. 1 in particular, there is conceptually illustrated a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guide system 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The CPR system 100 comprises a control unit 102, an accelerometer 104 and a detection module 106. The accelerometer 104 and the detection module 106 are arranged in communication with the control unit 102. The CPR system 100 further comprises a feedback module 108, also arranged in communication with the control unit 102 and arranged to selectively provide feedback to a user of the CPR system 100.

[0059] For reference, the control unit 102 (and / or processing functionality) may for example be manifested as a general-purpose processor, a graphics processing unit, an application specific processor, a circuit containing processing components, a group of distributed processing components, a group of distributed computers configured for processing, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc. The processor may be or include any number of hardware components for conducting data, signal and / or image processing or for executing computer code stored in memory. It may also be possible and within the scope to make use of system-on-chip (SOC) implementations. The memory may be one or more devices for storing data and / or computer code for completing or facilitating the various methods described in the present description. The memory may include volatile memory or non-volatile memory. The memory may include database components, object code components, script components, or any other type of information structure for supporting the various activities of the present description. According to an exemplary embodiment, any distributed or local memory device may be utilized with the systems and methods of the present description. According to an exemplary embodiment the memory is communicably connected to the processor (e.g., via a circuit or any other wired, wireless, or network connection) and includes computer code for executing one or more processes described herein.

[0060] The accelerometer 104 is used to measure linear acceleration, for example being based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology which allows for the detection of changes in velocity per unit time. The accelerometer 104 functions by detecting acceleration forces that act on an internal mass, translating these forces into electrical signals. The accelerometer 104 is in accordance with the present disclosure used for determining the motion and orientation of the CPR guide device during chest compressions, capturing data that indicates the speed and direction of the applied force.

[0061] Different types of accelerometers may be employed within the CPR guide system 100, including capacitive, piezoelectric, or piezoresistive sensors. Capacitive accelerometers measure changes in capacitance between microstructures within the device due to acceleration forces. Piezoelectric accelerometers generate a voltage in response to mechanical stress. Piezoresistive sensors alter their electrical resistance under the influence of mechanical strain. The choice of accelerometer type can be based on factors such as sensitivity, size, power consumption, and cost. The control unit 102 processes the data from the accelerometer 104, converting the raw signals into usable information for assessing CPR performance, as will be elaborated further in relation to Fig. 2.

[0062] The detection module 106 in in line with the present disclosure use for identifying the release phase of chest compressions, essential for ensuring effective CPR. The detection module 106 may for example comprise various types of switches or sensors, including but not limited to tactile sensors, pressure sensors, and optical sensors, to detect the absence or reduction of force applied to the patient’s chest. Such sensors provide a direct or indirect measure of force, facilitating the system’s ability to assess whether a full release of compression has been achieved, a key factor in maximizing blood circulation during CPR.

[0063] Tactile sensors, for instance, are designed to respond to physical contact and can differentiate between the presence and absence of pressure, making them highly effective in environments where direct interaction with the chest is clear and unobstructed. Pressure sensors, on the other hand, measure the intensity of force over a specific area and are particularly useful in gauging the uniformity and overall effectiveness of the applied compressions. Optical sensors utilize changes in light properties to detect movement and displacement, offering a non-contact method for monitoring compression and release phases, suitable for scenarios where minimizing physical interference is preferred.

[0064] In addition to these sensor-based approaches, the detection module 106 could potentially incorporate algorithmic solutions, utilizing non-switch-based sensor data, such as that from the accelerometer 104, to infer the release of chest compressions. Such an approach could be used for analyzing patterns and anomalies in the accelerometer data to determine when the chest has been sufficiently released, without the need for direct force measurement.

[0065] Furthermore, the feedback module 108 serves as the interface between the CPR guide system 100 and the user, translating the analytical outcomes from the control unit 102 into direct feedback for guiding CPR execution. The feedback module 108 preferably utilizes auditory, visual, and tactile forms of communication to provide clear and immediate instructions or corrections. Auditory feedback might consist of spoken instructions or alerts, and tone sequences to assist the user in refining techniques such as compression depth and rate or ensuring proper release after compressions. Visual feedback is likely displayed on an interface linked to the CPR guide system 100, showing graphical representations or text instructions that signify the quality of CPR being administered, areas for improvement, and confirmation of correctly performed actions. Tactile feedback, through vibrations or haptic signals, presents an alternative feedback mechanism, especially useful in environments where auditory or visual feedback might not be effective. The CPR guide system 100 may in some embodiments be designed such that it may be interfaced with external devices, such as mobile phones, through Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) or similar wireless communication protocols. Such a connectivity allows for the transmission of data between the CPR system 100 and a mobile application, allowing for expanded functionality and user interaction beyond the immediate physical components of the system. Through such a connection, the CPR guide system 100 can send real-time performance data to the mobile device, enabling the mobile application to display detailed feedback, historical performance analytics, and even guidance improvements based on aggregate data analysis.

[0066] Incorporation of BLE technology offers several advantages, including low power consumption, which is particularly beneficial for maintaining the CPR system’s operational efficiency during extended use, which ensures that the system remains active and responsive throughout CPR sessions without necessitating frequent battery replacements or recharges. The mobile application, working in conjunction with the CPR guide system 100, may be arranged to provide an interface for reviewing CPR performance metrics, setting personal goals, and accessing instructional content. Such information may include, but is not limited to, video tutorials, step-by-step guides, and personalized feedback based on past performance, all aimed at improving CPR technique over time. Additionally, the mobile application may allow users to share their CPR performance data with medical professionals or trainers for further analysis and feedback, enhancing the learning and improvement process.

[0067] Still further, the capability for remote updates and configurations via the mobile connection ensures that the CPR guide system 100 can remain up to date with the latest CPR guidelines and software enhancements. Users can receive notifications about new features, updates, and adjustments to CPR protocols directly through the mobile application, ensuring that the CPR guide system 100 continues to provide accurate, effective guidance aligned with current best practices in emergency medical response.

[0068] Turning now to Fig. 2, which presents a flow chart illustrating the exemplary steps of a method according to the present disclosure. The process performed by the control unit 102 starts by estimating, SI, the depth of a series of chest compressions exerted by the user on a patient’s chest. Such an estimation is based on information acquired from the accelerometer 104. The control unit 102 processes the accelerometer’s data to determine the motion and orientation of the CPR guide device during the compressions, which includes calculating the speed and direction of the force applied, utilizing the acceleration measurements to estimate the vertical displacement of each compression against the chest.

[0069] Preferably, the depth calculation involves analysis of acceleration data to gauge how the chest is compressed during each CPR cycle. As such, it is preferred to arrange the control unit 102 such that it applies a mathematical process that involves the double integration of acceleration data. The first integration converts acceleration to velocity, indicating the speed of chest compression. The second integration further processes velocity data to ascertain displacement, or how far the chest has been compressed.

[0070] As indicated above, the scheme according to the present disclosure subsequently determines, S2, whether a sufficient release of chest compression has been achieved. Such a determination relies on information received from the detection module 106, which is adapted to identify a reduction of force applied to the chest. A ’’sufficient release” is defined relative to a predefined absence-of-force threshold, ensuring that the system could assess if the pressure exerted on the patient’s chest decreases to or below the threshold level, indicative of a full release, after each compression cycle.

[0071] In relation to the detection module 106, one practical embodiment involves the use of a switch that is engaged when compressions are applied to the chest and disengaged or released when the compression is fully released. The control unit 102 monitors the state of the switch to verify if each compression cycle is followed by a sufficient release, as indicated by the disengagement of the switch.

[0072] The logic within the control unit 102 processes these signals to continuously evaluate the pattern of engagement and disengagement against the predefined absence-of- force threshold. The threshold is established based on empirical data and CPR best practices to ensure that each compression is both effective in aiding blood circulation and fully released to allow the heart to refill with blood. Adjustments to the threshold can be made via the control unit 102 to accommodate different patient sizes or specific medical conditions, enhancing the adaptability of the CPR guide system 100.

[0073] Furthermore, incorporating the signal from the detection module 106 not only serves to assess the release phase but also acts to recalibrate or refresh the depth data generated by the accelerometer 104. Each time the switch indicates a release of compression, the control unit 102 interprets this as a starting point of the next compression cycle. In essence, the signal from the detection module 106 may be seen as effectively nullifying the accumulated displacement data from the previous compression, setting a new baseline for measuring the depth of subsequent compressions, such that each compression depth calculation begins from a consistent reference point.

[0074] The CPR guide system 100 is additionally arranged to determine, S3, a CPR quality provided to the patient through an evaluation conducted by the control unit 102. The quality assessment relies on the depth of compressions and the release of the chest, as measured by the accelerometer 104 and validated by the detection module 106. By integrating these data points, the control unit 102 may assess the effectiveness of the administered CPR against predetermined quality standards in real-time.

[0075] Such an assessment process involves the control unit 102 examining the depth of each compression and the adequacy of chest release following each compression cycle, preferably in conjunction with the rhythm and the rate of the compressions. It then aligns these observations with established CPR protocols to ascertain the quality of CPR being provided. The aim is to pinpoint precise aspects of the CPR technique that adhere to or deviate from the ideal standards, thus identifying areas for potential enhancement or correction.

[0076] Following the performed evaluation, the control unit 102 determines an indication of CPR quality, which may be seen as reflecting a synthesis of the observed performance metrics. By having a clear understanding of the CPR quality based on the depth of compressions and the release mechanism, the control unit 102 is able to generate feedback that is both specific and relevant, specifically to ensures that the user receives targeted advice for improving their CPR technique.

[0077] Based on the determined quality metric, the CPR guide system 100 instructs, S4, the user to adjust at least a portion of a CPR technique used by the user. Specifically, the CPR guide system 100 uses the quality metric to generate targeted feedback for the user. For example, if the quality metric indicates a score below a predetermined threshold, it may be possible to suggest that the CPR technique needs improvement, whereby the CPR system 100 may instruct the user on how to enhance his performance. Such an instruction can take various forms, including for example auditory feedback where the CPR system 100 provide verbal instructions or alerts through an audio output device. For example, if the quality metric suggests inadequate compression depth, the user might hear, ’’Increase compression depth further”.

[0078] Alternatively, visual feedback may be provided using a display associated with the CPR guide system 100. the display may show graphical representations, numerical scores, or text messages detailing aspects that need improvement. For instance, a graphical representation of the ideal compression depth versus the user’s average compression depth might be shown, accompanied by text instructions for improvement.

[0079] As a still further alternative, tactile feedback may in some scenarios be preferred where visual or auditory feedback might be less effective. In such an embodiment, the CPR guide system 100 may use vibrations or haptic feedback to signal the user to adjust their technique. For example, a series of short vibrations could indicate the need to speed up the compression rate.

[0080] In essence, by leveraging a detailed quality metric and providing concise, actionable feedback, the CPR guide system 100 may be used for facilitating a dynamic learning environment. Such an approach not only helps users refine their CPR techniques in real-time but also contributes to enhanced CPR training sessions, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes during cardiac emergencies.

[0081] Furthermore, the control functionality of the present disclosure may be implemented using existing computer processors, or by a special purpose computer processor for an appropriate system, incorporated for this or another purpose, or by a hardwire system. Embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure include program products comprising machine-readable medium for carrying or having machine-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon. Such machine-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor. By way of example, such machine-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, solid state drives or other non-volatile flash based storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of machine-executable instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor. When information is transferred or provided over a network or another communications connection (either hardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired or wireless) to a machine, the machine properly views the connection as a machine-readable medium. Thus, any such connection is properly termed a machine-readable medium. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of machine-readable media. Machine-executable instructions include, for example, instructions and data which cause a general-purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing machines to perform a certain function or group of functions. Although the figures may show a sequence the order of the steps may differ from what is depicted. Also two or more steps may be performed concurrently or with partial concurrence. Such variation will depend on the software and hardware systems chosen and on designer choice. All such variations are within the scope of the disclosure. Likewise, software implementations could be accomplished with standard programming techniques with rule-based logic and other logic to accomplish the various connection steps, processing steps, comparison steps and decision steps. Additionally, even though the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific exemplifying embodiments thereof, many different alterations, modifications and the like will become apparent for those skilled in the art.

[0082] In addition, variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by the skilled addressee in practicing the claimed present disclosure, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. Furthermore, in the claims, the word ’’comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article ”a” or ”an” does not exclude a plurality.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A computer-implemented method performed by a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guide system for instructing a user in providing CPR to a patient, the CPR guide system comprising a control unit, an accelerometer and a detection module, wherein the method comprises the steps of: estimating, using the control unit and based on information acquired from the accelerometer, a depth of a series of chest compressions exerted by the user on a chest of the patient, determining, using the control unit and based on information received from the detection module, whether the chest of the patient has been sufficiently released following each of the chest compressions, wherein the detection module is adapted to detect the release of the chest corresponding to a reduction in a force applied to the chest of the patient, and wherein sufficient release is defined relative to a predefined absence-of-force threshold associated with the detection module, determining, using the control unit and based on the determined depth of compressions and release of the chest, an indication of a quality of the CPR provided to the patient, and instructing, using the control unit and based on the indication of quality of the provided CPR, the user to adjust at least a portion of a CPR technique used by the user.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the detection module comprises one or more of a binary switch, tactile sensor, a pressure sensor, and an optical sensor.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the detection module is arranged to receive information from the accelerometer.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit is configured to apply a filtering algorithm to the accelerometer data prior to estimating the compression depth.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein determining whether a sufficient release has been achieved comprises detecting a change in a switching state of a binary-switch from a pressed state to a released state, the change corresponding to crossing a predefined absence-of-force threshold.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the predefined absence-of-force threshold is stored as a fixed value in a memory accessible to the control unit and is used as a reference for determining sufficient release based solely on discrete state changes from the tactile sensor.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the user is instructed using at least one of auditory signals, visual signals, and tactile signals generated by the control unit.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the auditory signals include verbal instructions or alerts, the visual signals include graphical representations or text on a display comprised with or associated with the CPR guide system, and the tactile signals include vibrations or haptic feedback.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the feedback generated by the control unit includes specific instructions for improving chest compression depth if the estimated depth is below a predefined value.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 - 8, wherein the feedback generated by the control unit includes specific instructions for improving chest compression depth if the estimated depth is above a predefined value.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 - 8, wherein the feedback generated by the control unit includes specific instructions for improving chest compression depth if the estimated depth is outside of a predefined range.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 - 8, wherein the feedback generated by the control unit includes specific instructions for improving chest compression depth if the estimated depth fails to meet a predefined depth criterion.

13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the feedback generated by the control unit includes a prompt to ensure a full release of chest compression if the detection mechanism identifies that a sufficient release has not been achieved within a predetermined number of compressions.

14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: receiving, at the control unit, user interaction via a user interface, wherein the user interaction is utilized to adjust settings of the CPR Guide system or to acknowledge feedback.

15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the predefined absence-of-force threshold is adjustable based on user input or predetermined CPR protocols.

16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising the step of: determining, using the control unit, a rate of chest compressions and providing feedback to the user to adjust the rate to fall within a target range.

17. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising the step of: recording, using the control unit, data related to the CPR session, including at least one of depth of compressions, rate of compressions, and instances of insufficient release.

18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the CPR guide system further comprises a tactile sensor, and the control unit is configured to detect noise or drift in the accelerometer signal and prioritize tactile sensor input when such conditions are detected.

19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tactile sensor comprises a mechanical switch having a defined actuation force corresponding to the absence-of-force threshold.

20. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the predefined absence-of-force threshold is dynamically adjusted based on patient-specific characteristics selected via the user interface.

21. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the absence-of-force threshold is updated during CPR based on observed chest compliance or sensor readings.

22. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit is configured to suppress feedback prompts during a predefined initial learning period or during consistent CPR delivery.

23. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit selects a feedback modality based on ambient noise level or user preference.

24. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising storing, in a memory associated with the control unit, timestamps of each compression and associated depth and release data.

25. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the recorded CPR session data is exported via a wireless communication module to an external device for review.

26. A cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guide system for instructing a user in providing CPR to a patient, the CPR guide system comprising a control unit, an accelerometer and a detection module, wherein the control unit is configured to: estimate, based on information acquired from the accelerometer, a depth of a series of chest compressions exerted by the user on a chest of the patient, determine, based on information received from the detection module, whether the chest of the patient has been sufficiently released following each of the chest compressions, wherein the detection module is adapted to detect the release of the chest corresponding to a reduction in a force applied to the chest of the patient, and wherein sufficient release is defined relative to a predefined absence-of-force threshold associated with the detection module,determine, using the control unit and based on the determined depth of compressions and release of the chest, an indication of a quality of the CPR provided to the patient, and instruct, using the control unit and based on the indication of quality of the provided CPR, the user to adjust at least a portion of a CPR technique used by the user.

27. The CPR guide system according to claim 26, wherein the detection module comprises one or more of a binary switch, tactile sensor, a pressure sensor, and an optical sensor.

28. The CPR guide system according to claim 27, wherein the accelerometer and the detection module are integrated into a common housing.

29. The CPR guide system according to claim 26, wherein the detection module is arranged to receive information from the accelerometer.

30. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon computer program means for operating a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guide system for instructing a user in providing CPR to a patient, the CPR guide system comprising a control unit, an accelerometer and a detection module, wherein the computer program product comprises: code for estimating, using the control unit and based on information acquired from the accelerometer, a depth of a series of chest compressions exerted by the user on a chest of the patient, code for determining, using the control unit and based on information received from the detection module, whether the chest of the patient has been sufficiently released following each of the chest compressions, wherein the detection module is adapted to detect the release of the chest corresponding to a reduction in a force applied to the chest of the patient, and wherein sufficient release is defined relative to a predefined absence-of-force threshold associated with the detection module, code for determining, using the control unit and based on the determined depth of compressions and release of the chest, an indication of a quality of the CPR provided to the patient, andcode for instructing, using the control unit and based on the indication of quality of the provided CPR, the user to adjust at least a portion of a CPR technique used by the user.

31. A computer-implemented method performed by a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guide system for instructing a user in providing CPR to a patient, the CPR guide system comprising a control unit, an accelerometer and a tactile sensor, wherein the method comprises the steps of: estimating, using the control unit and based on information acquired from the accelerometer, a depth of a series of chest compressions exerted by the user on a chest of the patient, determining, using the control unit and based on information received from the tactile sensor, whether the chest of the patient has been sufficiently released following each of the chest compressions, wherein the tactile sensor is adapted to detect the release of the chest based on a change in a switching state of the tactile sensor corresponding to a reduction in a force applied to the chest of the patient, and wherein sufficient release is defined relative to a predefined absence-of-force threshold associated with the tactile sensor, determining, using the control unit and based on the determined depth of compressions and releases of the chest, an indication of a quality of the CPR provided to the patient, and instructing, using the control unit and based on the indication of quality of the provided CPR, the user to adjust at least a portion of a CPR technique used by the user.

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