Battery box body and battery system

Abstract

The present application relates to a battery box body and a battery system. A first accommodating chamber is defined between a support plate and a side plate assembly in the battery box body. The support plate is provided with a plurality of first through holes, the first through holes and explosion-proof valves of battery cells being arranged on an one-to-one basis. A first surface of the support plate is provided with a first thermal insulation layer, the first thermal insulation layer sealing each first through hole. A bottom plate is arranged to be spaced apart from the support plate, the bottom plate, the support plate and the side plate assembly defining a pressure relief chamber.

Description

Battery housing and battery system

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202420855549.8, filed with the Chinese Patent Office on April 23, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to a battery housing and battery system. Background Technology

[0003] With the development of battery technology, batteries are being used more and more widely in electric vehicles, and the battery casing is an important component of the battery system. The battery casing typically includes a pressure relief chamber to release pressure in the event of battery thermal runaway. Battery thermal runaway refers to the rapid rise in temperature during charging or discharging due to uncontrolled internal chemical reactions, exceeding the normal operating range and generating a large amount of heat and gas, potentially leading to explosion or fire. Invention Overview

[0004] In related technologies, the adhesive inside the battery box can easily leak into the pressure relief chamber, causing the pressure relief chamber to be blocked. When a single cell experiences thermal runaway, it can easily trigger thermal runaway in multiple cells and cause thermal propagation.

[0005] This application provides a battery casing. It includes: a casing body, the casing body including a side panel assembly; a support plate, the support plate and the side panel assembly forming a first receiving cavity, the first receiving cavity for accommodating a plurality of individual battery cells, each individual battery cell being equipped with an explosion-proof valve; the support plate having a plurality of first through holes, each first through hole corresponding to an explosion-proof valve of each individual battery cell, a first heat insulation layer being provided on a first surface of the support plate, the first heat insulation layer sealing each first through hole; a bottom plate, the bottom plate and the support plate being spaced apart, the bottom plate, the support plate, and the side panel assembly forming a pressure relief cavity; the first heat insulation layer is configured to penetrate the corresponding first through hole when the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding individual battery cell is opened, so that the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding individual battery cell communicates with the pressure relief cavity.

[0006] This application also provides a battery system. The battery system includes a plurality of individual battery cells and the aforementioned battery housing; each individual battery cell is disposed within the battery housing. Beneficial effects

[0007] The battery housing provided in this application, by setting a first heat insulation layer on the first side of the support plate, should seal each first through hole. That is, the first heat insulation layer is located between the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding single cell and the first through hole, to prevent the adhesive in the corresponding first receiving cavity from leaking into the pressure relief cavity from the opening of the explosion-proof valve of the single cell, thus blocking the pressure relief cavity and reducing the risk of the pressure relief cavity being blocked. When a single cell experiences thermal runaway, the explosion-proof valve of the single cell opens, allowing the first heat insulation layer to penetrate through the corresponding first through hole, so as to timely disperse the high-temperature and high-pressure substances ejected during the thermal runaway of the single cell, reducing the risk of multiple cells experiencing thermal runaway, and reducing the risk of short circuits caused by conductive particles ejected during the thermal runaway of a single cell and damage to related components due to high-temperature impact, thereby reducing the spread of heat in the battery.

[0008] The battery system provided in this application, by setting the aforementioned battery housing, can prevent the cell adhesive in the first receiving cavity from leaking into the pressure relief cavity, thus ensuring the normal operation of the battery system. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 is a first-view structural schematic diagram of the battery box provided in the embodiment.

[0010] Figure 2 is an exploded structural diagram of the support plate provided in the embodiment.

[0011] Figure 3 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the battery box provided in the embodiment.

[0012] Figure 4 is a second-view structural schematic diagram of the battery box provided in the embodiment.

[0013] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure from X0 to X1 in Figure 4.

[0014] Figure 6 is an enlarged structural diagram of point A in Figure 5.

[0015] Figure 7 is an enlarged structural diagram of point B in Figure 5.

[0016] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the battery box provided in the embodiment.

[0017] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure from Y0 to Y1 in Figure 8.

[0018] Figure 10 is an enlarged structural diagram of point C in Figure 9.

[0019] Figure 11 is an enlarged structural diagram of point D in Figure 9.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0021] 100. Main body of the enclosure; 110. Side panel assembly; 111. Connecting part; 120. First receiving cavity; 130. Support beam; 132. Second through hole; 134. Third through hole; 136. Fourth through hole; 138. Second receiving cavity; 200. Support plate; 210. First through hole; 220. First heat insulation layer; 222. First heat insulation component; 230. Insulation layer; 240. Second heat insulation component assembly; 300. Bottom plate; 310. Pressure relief cavity; 320. Third heat insulation component; 400. Individual battery cell. Embodiments of the present invention

[0022] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, where the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, where the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0024] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0025] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, a battery housing is provided, including a housing body 100, a support plate 200, and a bottom plate 300. The housing body 100 includes a side plate assembly 110. The support plate 200 and the side plate assembly 110 enclose a first receiving cavity 120 for accommodating a plurality of individual battery cells 400, each individual battery cell 400 being equipped with an explosion-proof valve. The support plate 200 is provided with a plurality of first through holes 210, each first through hole 210 being connected to each individual battery cell 400. Explosion-proof valves are set one-to-one. A first heat insulation layer 220 is provided on the first surface of the support plate 200, and the first heat insulation layer 220 seals each first through hole 210. The bottom plate 300 and the support plate 200 are spaced apart, and the bottom plate 300, the support plate 200 and the side plate assembly 110 enclose each other to form a pressure relief chamber 310. The first heat insulation layer 220 is configured to penetrate the corresponding first through hole 210 when the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding single cell 400 is opened, so that the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding single cell 400 is connected to the pressure relief chamber 310.

[0026] The battery housing can be used to install and fix several individual battery cells 400. The battery housing can be square in shape, but for example, it can also be polygonal or irregular in shape. The housing body 100 can be made of metal or non-metal materials, and can include side panel assemblies 110, which can be aluminum profile side panel structures. For example, for a square-shaped battery housing, the side panel assembly 110 is composed of four side panels surrounding it. The four side panels can be divided into a front side panel, a rear side panel, a left side panel, and a right side panel according to their orientation, with the front side panel opposite to the rear side panel, and the left side panel opposite to the right side panel.

[0027] A connecting portion 111 is provided at one end of the side plate assembly 110. A support plate 200 is disposed at the connecting portion 111 of the side plate assembly 110. The support plate 200 is used to support each individual battery cell 400. The support plate 200 and the side plate assembly 110 enclose a first receiving cavity 120, and each individual battery cell 400 is disposed within the first receiving cavity 120. For example, the individual battery cell 400 can be a cylindrical battery cell. An explosion-proof valve is provided at the bottom of the individual battery cell 400. The explosion-proof valve of the individual battery cell 400 opens when thermal runaway occurs, allowing high-temperature substances and gases inside the individual battery cell 400 to be discharged in a timely manner. The individual battery cells 400 are arranged in multiple rows and columns at intervals. To secure each individual battery cell 400 and prevent damage caused by movement within the first receiving cavity 120, adhesive is injected into the first receiving cavity 120. The adhesive fills the remaining space within the first receiving cavity 120, such as filling the gaps between individual battery cells 400, thus achieving a secure installation of each individual battery cell 400. It should be noted that the adhesive can be expanding foam.

[0028] The support plate 200 can be made of sheet metal, such as aluminum alloy. The support plate 200 is manufactured as a single piece, avoiding the use of spliced ​​structures, thereby reducing the risk of leakage of adhesive from the individual battery cell 400 and blocking the pressure relief chamber 310.

[0029] The support plate 200 is provided with a plurality of first through holes 210, which are arranged in multiple rows and columns at intervals. It should be noted that the spacing between the first through holes 210 can be determined according to the shape and size of the individual battery cell 400. Each first through hole 210 is correspondingly set with the explosion-proof valve of each individual battery cell 400, that is, the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding battery cell is directly above the first through hole 210. By matching the explosion-proof valve of the individual battery cell 400 with the first through holes 210 in the support plate 200, the first through holes 210 are used to allow the high-temperature substances and gases ejected from the explosion-proof valve of the individual battery cell 400 to pass through and enter the pressure relief chamber 310 in the event of thermal runaway of the individual battery cell 400.

[0030] A first heat insulation layer 220 is provided on the first surface of the support plate 200. The first heat insulation layer 220 can be a heat insulation layer of mica or other high-temperature resistant insulating material. The first heat insulation layer 220 seals each of the first through holes 210. The first heat insulation layer 220 can cover each of the first through holes 210. For example, the shape and size of the first heat insulation layer 220 are the same as the shape and size of the support plate 200, so that the first heat insulation layer 220 can completely cover and seal each of the first through holes 210.

[0031] The first heat insulation layer 220 can be sealed on the first surface of the support plate 200 by means of adhesive bonding or other methods. By arranging the first heat insulation layer 220 on the first surface of the support plate 200 and sealing each of the first through holes 210 on the support plate 200, the corresponding explosion-proof valve opening of the individual battery cell 400 is sealed, thereby effectively preventing the adhesive of the individual battery cell 400 from overflowing from the first through hole 210 into the pressure relief chamber 310, and avoiding the pressure relief chamber 310 being blocked, which would affect the evacuation of high-temperature and high-pressure substances generated by the thermal runaway of the individual battery cell 400.

[0032] A base plate 300 is disposed below the support plate 200, with a gap between the base plate 300 and the support plate 200. The base plate 300, the support plate 200, and the side plate assembly 110 enclose a pressure relief chamber 310. A pressure relief valve may be provided on the side wall or bottom of the pressure relief chamber 310. By opening the pressure relief valve, high-temperature and high-pressure substances inside the pressure relief chamber 310 can be discharged to the outside. For example, a pressure relief valve may be provided at a corresponding position on the side plate assembly 110 or on the base plate 300.

[0033] When any single cell 400 in the first receiving cavity 120 experiences thermal runaway, the explosion-proof valve of that single cell 400 opens, causing the corresponding position of the first heat insulation layer 220 to be ruptured by the thermal runaway of the single cell 400. This opens the first through hole 210, connecting the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding single cell 400 to the pressure relief chamber 310. The high-temperature and high-pressure substances generated by thermal runaway are transferred to the pressure relief chamber 310 through the corresponding first through hole 210. At the same time, since the first heat insulation layer 220 remains intact except at the position of the single cell 400 where thermal runaway occurs, the backflow of high-temperature substances can be effectively prevented, thereby heating or short-circuiting other single cells 400 and causing thermal runaway.

[0034] In the aforementioned battery housing, a first receiving cavity 120 is formed by the support plate 200 and the side plate assembly 110. The first receiving cavity 120 is used to accommodate a plurality of individual battery cells 400, and each individual battery cell 400 is equipped with an explosion-proof valve. The support plate 200 is provided with a plurality of first through holes 210, each first through hole 210 corresponding to an explosion-proof valve of each individual battery cell 400. A first heat insulation layer 220 is provided on the first surface of the support plate 200, and each first heat insulation layer 220 seals each individual battery cell 400. A first through hole 210; the base plate 300 and the support plate 200 are spaced apart, and the base plate 300, the support plate 200 and the side plate assembly 110 enclose a pressure relief cavity 310; the first heat insulation layer 220 is configured to penetrate the corresponding first through hole 210 when the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding single cell 400 is opened, so that the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding single cell 400 is connected to the pressure relief cavity 310, thereby preventing the cell adhesive in the first receiving cavity 120 from leaking into the pressure relief cavity 310. This application provides a first heat insulation layer 220 on the first surface of the support plate 200. The first heat insulation layer 220 seals each first through hole 210. That is, the first heat insulation layer 220 is located between the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding single cell 400 and the first through hole 210, preventing the adhesive in the corresponding first receiving cavity 120 from leaking from the opening of the explosion-proof valve of the single cell 400 into the pressure relief cavity 310, thus blocking the pressure relief cavity 310 and reducing the risk of the pressure relief cavity 310 being blocked. When a single cell 400 experiences thermal runaway, the explosion-proof valve of the single cell 400 opens, allowing the first heat insulation layer 220 to penetrate the corresponding first through hole 210, enabling timely dissipation of high-temperature and high-pressure substances ejected during thermal runaway of the single cell 400. This reduces the risk of multiple single cells 400 experiencing thermal runaway and also reduces the risk of short circuits caused by conductive particles ejected during thermal runaway of the single cell 400 and damage to related components due to high-temperature impact, thereby reducing the risk of thermal spread in the battery.

[0035] In one embodiment, the first heat insulation layer 220 includes a plurality of first heat insulation elements 222, each of which corresponds to and seals each of the first through holes 210.

[0036] The first heat insulation element 222 can be made of mica or other high-temperature resistant insulating material. The number of first heat insulation elements 222 is the same as the number of first through holes 210 on the support plate 200, and each first heat insulation element 222 seals each first through hole 210. The shape of the first heat insulation element 222 can be square, circular, or elliptical. For example, the shape of the first heat insulation element 222 is the same as the shape of the first through hole 210, such as both the first heat insulation element 222 and the first through hole 210 being circular. The size of the first heat insulation element 222 matches the size of the corresponding first through hole 210 on the support plate 200, so that the first heat insulation element 222 can seal the corresponding first through hole 210. For example, the size of the first heat insulation element 222 is larger than the size of the corresponding first through hole 210, and the two adjacent first heat insulation elements 222 are spaced apart, so that the first heat insulation element 222 can seal the corresponding first through hole 210, and at the same time can effectively prevent the high temperature material generated by the thermal runaway of a single cell 400 from backflow, which could lead to heating or short circuit and cause thermal runaway of other cells 400.

[0037] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 2, 10 and 11, the support plate 200 is further provided with an insulating layer 230, and each first heat insulation member 222 is located between the insulating layer 230 and the first surface of the support plate 200.

[0038] The insulating layer 230 has a thin film structure. The insulating layer 230 covers each of the first heat insulation members 222, so that each of the first heat insulation members 222 is located between the insulating layer 230 and the first surface of the support plate 200. For example, the insulating layer 230 can be disposed on each of the first heat insulation members 222 by means of hot pressing or the like.

[0039] An insulating layer 230 is arranged on the first surface of the support plate 200, which covers each of the first heat insulation components 222, thereby achieving insulation protection for the bottom of each individual cell 400. In addition, it can further prevent the adhesive of the individual cell 400 from overflowing into the pressure relief chamber 310 below, thus avoiding the blockage of the pressure relief chamber 310 and affecting the evacuation of high-temperature and high-pressure substances generated by the thermal runaway of the individual cell 400.

[0040] For example, when any single cell 400 experiences thermal runaway, the explosion-proof valve of that single cell 400 opens, causing the insulation layer 230 and the corresponding first heat insulation component 222 at the location of the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding single cell 400 to be broken by the thermal runaway of the single cell 400. This opens the first through hole 210, allowing the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding single cell 400 to connect with the pressure relief chamber 310. The high-temperature and high-pressure substances generated by thermal runaway are transferred to the pressure relief chamber 310 through the corresponding first through hole 210, thereby timely dispersing the high-temperature and high-pressure substances ejected when the single cell 400 experiences thermal runaway, reducing the risk of multiple single cells 400 experiencing thermal runaway, and reducing the spread of heat in the battery.

[0041] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 2, 10 and 11, a second heat insulation component group 240 is provided on the second side of the support plate 200. The second heat insulation component group 240 is located on the side of the support plate 200 facing the bottom plate 300, and is used to seal each of the first through holes 210.

[0042] In this design, the second surface of the support plate 200 is opposite to the first surface. For example, the first surface of the support plate 200 is adjacent to the first receiving cavity 120, and the second surface of the support plate 200 is adjacent to the pressure relief cavity 310. The second heat insulation component group 240 may include a plurality of second heat insulation components. The second heat insulation components are sheet-like structures, and each second heat insulation component is spaced apart on the second surface of the support plate 200. Each second heat insulation component can be arranged on the second surface of the support plate 200 by means of bonding or other methods to cover and seal the corresponding first through holes 210 on the support plate 200. The second heat insulation components can be mica or other heat insulation components made of high-temperature resistant insulating materials. The spaced arrangement between two adjacent second heat insulation components allows the second heat insulation components to seal the corresponding first through holes 210, and at the same time, it can further prevent the high-temperature substances generated by the thermal runaway of a single cell 400 from backflowing, which could lead to heating or short circuits causing thermal runaway of other cells 400.

[0043] By setting the second heat insulation component 240 between the support plate 200 and the base plate 300, and setting the second heat insulation component 240 on the second side of the support plate 200, and sealing each of the first through holes 210 on the support plate 200, that is, sealing the opening of the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding single cell 400, the double-sided sealing of each of the first through holes 210 on the support plate 200 can be achieved. This can effectively prevent the adhesive of the single cell 400 from overflowing from the first through hole 210 to the pressure relief chamber 310, and avoid the pressure relief chamber 310 being blocked, which would affect the evacuation of high-temperature and high-pressure substances generated by the thermal runaway of the single cell 400, and further reduce the risk of the pressure relief chamber 310 being blocked.

[0044] When any single cell 400 experiences thermal runaway, the explosion-proof valve of that single cell 400 opens, causing the corresponding first heat insulation element 222 and the second heat insulation element group 240 to be ruptured by the high-temperature material generated by the thermal runaway of the single cell 400. This opens the first through hole 210, connecting the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding single cell 400 to the pressure relief chamber 310. The high-temperature and high-pressure material generated by thermal runaway is transferred to the pressure relief chamber 310 through the corresponding first through hole 210. At the same time, due to the heat insulation effect of the first heat insulation element 222 and the second heat insulation element, except for the single cell 400 where thermal runaway occurs, the other first heat insulation elements 222 remain intact. This further reduces the risk of short circuits caused by conductive particles ejected during thermal runaway of the single cell 400 and damage to related components due to high-temperature impact, and reduces the thermal spread of the battery.

[0045] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 3 and 9, the main body 100 of the box also includes a plurality of support beams 130; each support beam 130 is disposed between the bottom plate 300 and the support plate 200; the support beam 130 is provided with a second receiving cavity 138, which is connected to the pressure relief cavity 310.

[0046] The support beam 130 is located near the bottom of the side panel assembly 110. For example, the support beam 130 can be installed at the bottom of the side panel assembly 110 by welding or screwing. The support beam 130 serves to reinforce and support the main body 100 of the housing.

[0047] By placing the support plate 200 above the support beam 130 and the bottom plate 300 below the support beam 130, that is, by placing each support beam 130 between the bottom plate 300 and the support plate 200, the support plate 200 and the bottom plate 300 are spaced apart.

[0048] For example, the bottom of the side plate assembly 110 is provided with three support beams 130 spaced apart, and the three support beams 130 are located between the bottom plate 300 and the support plate 200, thereby dividing the pressure relief chamber 310 into three pressure relief spaces. By providing a second receiving cavity 138 in the support beam 130, the second receiving cavity 138 of the support beam 130 is connected to the pressure relief chamber 310, thereby making the three pressure relief spaces interconnected, so that when high temperature and high pressure substances generated by thermal runaway of the single cell 400 are collected in the pressure relief chamber 310, they can be discharged in time through the pressure relief valve.

[0049] It should be noted that since the internal cavity of the support beam 130 is connected to the pressure relief chamber 310, the support beam 130 will be subjected to the impact of high-temperature conductive particles or gas. For example, the support beam 130 can be sprayed to form a coating on both the outer surface and the inner wall of the support beam 130. This coating has the characteristics of high temperature resistance and good insulation, which can effectively reduce the risk of short circuit or melt-through of the support beam 130 body when the single cell 400 thermally runs away.

[0050] In one example, as shown in Figure 3, the first surface of the support beam 130 is provided with a plurality of second through holes 132, each of which is provided in correspondence with at least one first through hole 210, and the second through hole 132 is connected to at least one first through hole 210; each second through hole 132 is connected to the second receiving cavity 138.

[0051] The first surface of the support beam 130 is the top surface. For example, the first surface of the support beam 130 is adjacent to the second surface of the support plate 200, and the first surface of the support beam 130 is parallel to the second surface of the support plate 200. The first surface of the support beam 130 is provided with a plurality of second through holes 132.

[0052] For example, the size of the second through hole 132 is greater than or equal to the size of the first through hole 210, and the shape of the second through hole 132 is the same as the shape of the first through hole 210. For example, the second through hole 132 is circular, and the second through hole 132 is provided correspondingly to the corresponding first through hole 210 so that when the corresponding first through hole 210 is through, the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding single cell 400 is connected to the second receiving cavity 138 of the corresponding support beam 130.

[0053] When a single battery cell 400 above the support beam 130 experiences thermal runaway, the explosion-proof valve of the single battery cell 400 opens, causing the corresponding first thermal insulation component 222 to be ruptured by the thermal runaway of the single battery cell 400. This opens the first through hole 210, connecting the explosion-proof valve, the first through hole 210, the second through hole 132 of the corresponding single battery cell 400 to the second receiving cavity 138. The high-temperature and high-pressure substances generated by thermal runaway are transferred to the second receiving cavity 138 of the corresponding support beam 130 through the corresponding first through hole 210 and the second through hole 132. Since the second receiving cavity 138 of the support beam 130 is connected to the pressure relief cavity 310, the high-temperature and high-pressure substances in the second receiving cavity 138 are transferred to the pressure relief cavity 310 and discharged to the external environment through the pressure relief valve. This prevents the first through hole 210 above the support beam 130 from being blocked by the support beam 130, thus enabling timely dispersal of the high-temperature and high-pressure substances ejected when the single battery cell 400 experiences thermal runaway and reducing the risk of multiple single battery cells 400 experiencing thermal runaway.

[0054] In one example, as shown in Figures 8 to 11, the second side of the support beam 130 is provided with a plurality of third through holes 134, and the second side of the support beam 130 is adjacent to the first side of the support beam 130; the second receiving cavity 138 is connected to the pressure relief cavity 310 through each of the third through holes 134.

[0055] The support beam 130 may be a rectangular strip structure. The second surface of the support beam 130 is adjacent to the first surface of the support beam 130, for example, the second surface of the support beam 130 is perpendicular to the first surface of the support beam 130.

[0056] The size of the third through hole 134 can be set to be larger than that of the second through hole 132. By setting several third through holes 134 on the second side of the support beam 130, the second receiving cavity 138 of the support beam 130 is connected to the pressure relief cavity 310 through each third through hole 134. When the single cell 400 above the support beam 130 experiences thermal runaway, the explosion-proof valve of the single cell 400 opens, causing the corresponding first heat insulation component 222 to be broken by the thermal runaway of the single cell 400, thus opening the first through hole 210. The high-temperature and high-pressure substances generated by thermal runaway are transferred to the second receiving cavity 138 of the corresponding support beam 130 through the corresponding first through hole 210 and second through hole 132. The high-temperature and high-pressure substances in the second receiving cavity 138 are dispersed to the pressure relief cavity 310 through each third through hole 134 and discharged to the external environment through the pressure relief valve. This achieves timely dispersal of the high-temperature and high-pressure substances ejected when the single cell 400 experiences thermal runaway, reducing the risk of multiple single cells 400 experiencing thermal runaway.

[0057] In one example, as shown in Figures 8 to 11, the third surface of the support beam 130 is provided with a plurality of fourth through holes 136, and the third surface of the support beam 130 is adjacent to the first surface of the support beam 130; the second receiving cavity 138 is connected to the pressure relief cavity 310 through each of the fourth through holes 136.

[0058] In this configuration, the third surface of the support beam 130 is adjacent to the first surface of the support beam 130, for example, the third surface of the support beam 130 is perpendicular to the first surface of the support beam 130. For example, each fourth through hole 136 corresponds to each third through hole 134, thereby forming a plurality of pressure relief channels within the second receiving cavity 138 of the support beam 130, and each pressure relief channel communicates with the pressure relief cavity 310.

[0059] The size of the fourth through hole 136 can be set to be larger than that of the second through hole 132. By setting several fourth through holes 136 on the third side of the support beam 130, the second receiving cavity 138 of the support beam 130 is connected to the pressure relief cavity 310 through each of the fourth through holes 136. When the single cell 400 above the support beam 130 experiences thermal runaway, the explosion-proof valve of the single cell 400 opens, causing the corresponding first heat insulation component 222 to be broken by the thermal runaway of the single cell 400, thus opening the first through hole 210. The high-temperature and high-pressure substances generated by thermal runaway are transferred to the second receiving cavity 138 of the corresponding support beam 130 through the corresponding first through hole 210 and second through hole 132. The high-temperature and high-pressure substances in the second receiving cavity 138 are dispersed to the pressure relief cavity 310 through each of the fourth through holes 136 and discharged to the external environment through the pressure relief valve. This achieves timely dispersal of the high-temperature and high-pressure substances ejected when the single cell 400 experiences thermal runaway, reducing the risk of multiple single cells 400 experiencing thermal runaway.

[0060] In one embodiment, the distance between the support plate and the base plate is greater than or equal to 6 mm. It should be noted that, while meeting the space constraints of the battery housing, a larger distance between the support plate and the base plate is preferable. For example, the distance between the support plate and the base plate can be set to be greater than or equal to 6 mm and less than 10 mm. By setting this distance range, the battery housing space is satisfied, while ensuring that the explosion-proof valve can open in the event of thermal runaway of a single battery cell without penetrating the bottom.

[0061] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, the base plate 300 is provided with a third heat insulation member 320, which is located between the base plate 300 and the support plate 200.

[0062] The third heat insulation component 320 can be disposed on the top surface of the base plate 300. For example, the third heat insulation component 320 can be disposed on the top surface of the base plate 300 by means of adhesion. The third heat insulation component 320 can be a heat insulation component made of mica or other high-temperature resistant insulating materials. The shape of the third heat insulation component 320 can be sheet-like. The third heat insulation component 320 covers and is disposed on the top surface of the base plate 300, effectively blocking the impact of high-temperature substances on the base plate 300 and preventing the base plate 300 from being melted through. At the same time, the third heat insulation component 320 can prevent the high-temperature conductive particles ejected from the thermal runaway of the individual battery cell 400 from contacting the base plate 300 and causing a short circuit in the battery system.

[0063] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 4 to 6, the support plate 200 and the side plate assembly 110 are sealed and fixed together.

[0064] The support plate 200 and the side plate assembly 110 can be sealed and fixedly connected by welding. For example, the support plate 200 can be sealed and fixedly connected to the side plate assembly 110 by friction stir welding or arc welding, which can enhance the sealing between the support plate 200 and the side plate assembly 110, and prevent the adhesive in the first receiving cavity 120 from leaking into the pressure relief cavity 310 through the joint of the support plate 200 and blocking the pressure relief cavity 310, thereby reducing the risk of adhesive leakage and blockage of the pressure relief cavity 310.

[0065] In one example, as shown in Figures 4, 5 and 7, the support plate 200 and the support beam 130 can be fixedly connected by partial welding, for example, by arc welding, thereby strengthening the robustness of the battery box.

[0066] In one embodiment, a battery system is also provided, including a plurality of individual battery cells and a battery housing as described in any of the above embodiments; each individual battery cell is disposed within the battery housing.

[0067] The individual battery cells can be cylindrical, and each cell has an explosion-proof valve at its bottom. The individual cells are arranged in multiple rows and columns within the battery casing.

[0068] For a detailed description of the battery housing, please refer to the specific description of the battery housing in the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0069] By placing several individual battery cells within a first accommodating cavity formed between a support plate and a side plate assembly, the support plate is provided with several first through holes, each corresponding to an explosion-proof valve of each individual battery cell. Several first heat insulation components are provided on the first surface of the support plate, each corresponding to and sealing one of the first through holes. A base plate and a support plate are spaced apart, and the base plate, support plate, and side plate assembly enclose a pressure relief cavity. The first heat insulation components are configured to penetrate the corresponding first through holes when the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding individual battery cell opens, so that the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding individual battery cell communicates with the pressure relief cavity, thereby preventing the battery cell adhesive in the first accommodating cavity from leaking into the pressure relief cavity.

[0070] In the above embodiments, by setting a plurality of first heat insulation components on the first surface of the support plate, each first heat insulation component seals each first through hole in turn. That is, the first heat insulation component is located between the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding single cell and the first through hole, preventing the adhesive in the corresponding first receiving cavity from leaking into the pressure relief cavity from the opening of the explosion-proof valve of the single cell and causing blockage of the pressure relief cavity, thus reducing the risk of the pressure relief cavity being blocked. When a single cell experiences thermal runaway, the explosion-proof valve of the single cell opens, allowing the corresponding first heat insulation component to penetrate the corresponding first through hole, so as to timely disperse the high-temperature and high-pressure substances ejected during the thermal runaway of the single cell, reducing the risk of multiple cells experiencing thermal runaway, and reducing the risk of short circuits caused by conductive particles ejected during the thermal runaway of a single cell and damage to related components due to high-temperature impact, thus reducing the thermal spread of the battery.

[0071] It should be noted that the battery system may also include components such as BMS. A specific battery system may include more components than those described in the above embodiments, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

Claims

1. A battery housing, comprising: The main body of the enclosure includes a side panel assembly; A support plate and a side plate assembly form a first receiving cavity, which is used to accommodate a plurality of individual battery cells. Each individual battery cell is equipped with an explosion-proof valve. The support plate is provided with a plurality of first through holes, each first through hole corresponding to an explosion-proof valve of each individual battery cell. A first heat insulation layer is provided on the first surface of the support plate, and the first heat insulation layer seals each of the first through holes. A base plate is provided with a gap between it and the support plate, and the base plate, the support plate and the side plate assembly enclose a pressure relief cavity; the first heat insulation layer is configured to penetrate the corresponding first through hole when the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding single cell is opened, so that the explosion-proof valve of the corresponding single cell is connected to the pressure relief cavity.

2. The battery housing according to claim 1, wherein, The first heat insulation layer includes a plurality of first heat insulation components, each of which corresponds to and seals each of the first through holes.

3. The battery housing according to claim 2, wherein, The support plate is also provided with an insulating layer, and each of the first heat insulation elements is located between the insulating layer and the first surface of the support plate.

4. The battery housing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, A second heat insulation component assembly is provided on the second side of the support plate. The second heat insulation component assembly is located on the side of the support plate facing the bottom plate and is used to seal each of the first through holes.

5. The battery housing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The main body of the box also includes several support beams; each of the support beams is disposed between the bottom plate and the support plate; The support beam is provided with a second receiving cavity, which is connected to the pressure relief cavity.

6. The battery housing according to claim 5, wherein, The first surface of the support beam is provided with a plurality of second through holes, each second through hole corresponding to at least one first through hole, and the second through hole is connected to at least one first through hole. Each of the second through holes is connected to the second receiving cavity.

7. The battery housing according to claim 6, wherein, The second side of the support beam is provided with a plurality of third through holes, and the second side of the support beam is adjacent to the first side of the support beam; The second receiving cavity is connected to the pressure relief cavity through each of the third through holes.

8. The battery housing according to claim 7, wherein, The third side of the support beam is provided with a plurality of fourth through holes, and the third side of the support beam is adjacent to the first side of the support beam. The second receiving cavity is connected to the pressure relief cavity through each of the fourth through holes.

9. The battery housing according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The distance between the support plate and the base plate is greater than or equal to 6 mm.

10. The battery housing according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, The base plate is provided with a third heat insulation component, which is located between the base plate and the support plate.

11. The battery housing according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, The support plate and the side plate assembly are sealed and fixed together.

12. The battery housing according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, The support plate is manufactured as a single piece.

13. The battery housing according to any one of claims 5 to 12, wherein, The outer surface and inner wall of the support beam are coated with a spray coating.

14. The battery housing according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, The individual battery cell includes cylindrical cells.

15. The battery housing according to any one of claims 2 to 14, wherein, The size of the first heat insulation component is larger than the size of the corresponding first through hole, and two adjacent first heat insulation components are spaced apart.

16. The battery housing according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein, The first receiving cavity is filled with adhesive.

17. The battery housing according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein, The first insulation layer includes mica.

18. The battery housing according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein, The shape and size of the first heat insulation layer are the same as those of the support plate.

19. The battery housing according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein, The battery box has a square shape.

20. A battery system, wherein, It includes a plurality of individual battery cells and a battery housing as described in any one of claims 1 to 19; Each of the individual battery cells is housed within the battery casing.

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