Antenna and antenna system

Abstract

An antenna and an antenna system, aiming to solve the problems of large sizes and difficulty in miniaturization design of antennas caused by independent mounting of electromagnetic antennas and optical antennas. In the antenna provided in the present embodiment, the spaced arrangement of an optical antenna and an electromagnetic antenna can avoid interference between the optical antenna and the electromagnetic antenna, reducing mutual influence between an optical signal and an electromagnetic signal when the optical antenna and the electromagnetic antenna work at the same time, and thus improving the performance and gain of the antenna. Additionally, since the antenna of the present embodiment comprises the optical antenna and the electromagnetic antenna, the optical antenna can be used in cooperation with the electromagnetic antenna to prevent the antenna from the risk of network disconnection caused by a single transmission mode under special weather conditions such as fog and rain, maintaining full-time-period high-quality transmission, and thus improving the working stability of a backhaul network.

Description

Antennas and Antenna Systems

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application filed on April 24, 2024, with application number 202410502207.2 and entitled "Antenna and Antenna System", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technology, specifically to an antenna and an antenna system. Background Technology

[0003] The communication system is equipped with a backhaul network. The backhaul technology of the backhaul network is generally wireless backhaul. Wireless backhaul can be divided into microwave transmission and wireless optical communication. In related technologies, microwave transmission and wireless optical communication are usually used together. However, the electromagnetic antenna used for microwave transmission and the optical antenna used for wireless optical communication are usually installed independently, resulting in a large antenna size and making it difficult to achieve antenna miniaturization design. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an antenna and antenna system, which aims to solve the problem that the separate installation of electromagnetic antennas and optical antennas results in a large size and makes it difficult to achieve miniaturized antenna design.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an antenna, including a primary reflector and a secondary reflector. The primary reflector has a primary reflecting surface, and the secondary reflector has a secondary reflecting surface, which faces the primary reflecting surface. The antenna also includes an electromagnetic antenna, which faces the secondary reflecting surface. The electromagnetic antenna is used to transmit electromagnetic signals toward the secondary reflecting surface. The secondary reflecting surface is used to receive the electromagnetic signals emitted by the electromagnetic antenna and reflect them back to the primary reflecting surface. The primary reflecting surface is used to receive the electromagnetic signals reflected by the secondary reflecting surface and reflect them toward a preset direction, so that the electromagnetic signals can be emitted by the antenna, thereby achieving signal transmission through the electromagnetic antenna. The electromagnetic signals have a large transmission bandwidth, are insensitive to antenna sway, and are less affected by foggy weather conditions. Therefore, using an electromagnetic antenna for signal transmission can improve the antenna's operational stability, thereby improving the operational stability of the backhaul network. Furthermore, the reflection from the secondary and primary reflecting surfaces facilitates control of the electromagnetic signal transmission direction and allows for better focused transmission of the electromagnetic signals, thus improving the transmission effect.

[0006] The antenna also includes an optical antenna, which is mounted on the main reflector. This arrangement allows the optical antenna to be installed independently of the electromagnetic antenna, thus reducing the antenna's size and facilitating miniaturization of the antenna system. Furthermore, the spacing between the optical and electromagnetic antennas prevents interference between them, reducing the difficulty of their arrangement. Moreover, the separation between the optical and electromagnetic antennas reduces the mutual interference between optical and electromagnetic signals when they operate simultaneously, thereby improving the antenna's performance and gain.

[0007] In some embodiments, the optical antenna is used to transmit optical signals in a predetermined direction. Thus, the optical antenna can be used to transmit optical signals in a predetermined direction, thereby achieving signal transmission.

[0008] In other embodiments, the optical antenna is used to receive optical signals from a predetermined direction. Thus, the optical antenna can be used to receive optical signals from a predetermined direction, thereby achieving signal reception.

[0009] In some other embodiments, the optical antenna is used to transmit optical signals in a predetermined direction and to receive optical signals from the predetermined direction. This configuration allows for both signal transmission and reception via the optical antenna.

[0010] Optical signals have a large transmission capacity and lower loss under heavy rain conditions, meaning that optical signal transmission is more stable. Therefore, using optical antennas for signal transmission and / or reception helps improve the antenna's operational stability, thereby improving the operational stability of the backhaul network.

[0011] The antenna provided in this embodiment has an optical antenna mounted on the main reflector, eliminating the need for the optical antenna to be installed independently of the electromagnetic antenna. This facilitates a reduction in antenna size and enables miniaturized antenna design. Furthermore, the spacing between the optical and electromagnetic antennas prevents interference between them. This reduces mutual interference between the optical and electromagnetic signals when the electromagnetic antenna transmits electromagnetic signals and the optical antenna transmits and / or receives optical signals, thereby improving antenna performance and gain. Secondly, since the antenna in this embodiment includes both optical and electromagnetic antennas, they can be used in conjunction to provide both electromagnetic and optical signal transmission capabilities. This allows the antenna to avoid the risk of network outages under special weather conditions such as fog and rain when using a single transmission method, maintaining high-quality transmission throughout the day and improving the stability of the backhaul network.

[0012] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the electromagnetic antenna includes multiple radiators spaced apart around a first center line to define an arrangement space between the multiple radiators. An optical antenna is disposed within this arrangement space and spaced apart from the radiators. This ensures that the optical antenna and the electromagnetic antenna are spaced apart while fully utilizing the arrangement space within the electromagnetic antenna to improve space utilization. It also makes the arrangement of the electromagnetic and optical antennas more compact, thereby reducing the antenna's size and achieving miniaturization. In particular, the design of multiple radiators around the first center line allows the electromagnetic antenna to form an antenna with an arrangement space. Thus, when the electromagnetic antenna transmits an electromagnetic signal, the electromagnetic signal is a hollow beam. Since the optical antenna is disposed within the arrangement space, it can utilize the hollow area within the hollow beam to transmit the optical signal, thereby reducing the mutual interference between the optical and electromagnetic signals and improving the antenna's performance and gain.

[0013] Meanwhile, a first through-hole is provided on the sub-reflector, and the optical antenna is positioned facing the first through-hole. Due to the design of multiple radiators surrounding the first center line, the electromagnetic signal is a hollow beam. Therefore, when the hollow beam is emitted toward the sub-reflector, almost no beam is emitted to the sub-reflector from the central region. The optical antenna is positioned within the arrangement space and faces the first through-hole. That is, at least a part of the first through-hole faces the arrangement space, i.e., at least a part of the first through-hole faces the hollow region of the hollow beam. In this way, when the hollow beam is emitted toward the sub-reflector, energy leakage at the first through-hole can be reduced. Thus, the design of multiple radiators surrounding the first center line provides the basis for setting the first through-hole on the sub-reflector, and the optical antenna facing the first through-hole allows the optical signal to be transmitted through the first through-hole, thereby ensuring that the optical signal is not blocked by the sub-reflector.

[0014] In some embodiments that may include the above examples, the first center line is collinear with the center of the first through hole. This arrangement ensures that the optical antenna, after being installed in the arrangement space, is directly aligned with the center of the first through hole, thereby guaranteeing that the optical signals transmitted and / or received by the optical antenna can be accurately transmitted through the first through hole.

[0015] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the first center line is parallel to the center line of the first through-hole. This arrangement ensures that the optical antenna, after being installed in the arrangement space, is directly opposite the first through-hole, thereby guaranteeing that the optical signals transmitted and / or received by the optical antenna can be accurately transmitted through the first through-hole.

[0016] In some embodiments that may include the above-described examples, the optical antenna includes an antenna body, a first lens, and a second lens. The antenna body is disposed within an arrangement space to fully utilize the space, thereby improving space utilization and reducing the antenna size to achieve miniaturization. The first lens is disposed within a first through-hole and faces the antenna body, making reasonable use of the space at the first through-hole for mounting the first lens and making the arrangement of the first lens and sub-reflector more compact, thus reducing the antenna size. The second lens is disposed on the side of the first lens away from the antenna body and faces the first lens. The first lens has a positive optical power, and the second lens has a negative optical power. With this configuration, the optical signal emitted by the antenna body can be emitted sequentially through the first lens and the second lens. Thus, the first lens can be used to converge and cross the optical signal to reduce energy leakage, and the second lens can be used to make the optical signal form approximately parallel light to improve coherence and ensure concentrated light within the communication area.

[0017] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the focal point of the first lens is located between the first lens and the second lens. That is, the focal point of the first lens is located on the side of the second lens closer to the first lens. This ensures that the light signal can converge and cross completely at the focal point of the first lens, thereby ensuring the converging effect of the light signal and reducing energy leakage.

[0018] In some embodiments that may include the above-described examples, a second through-hole is provided on the primary reflector, and the electromagnetic antenna is positioned facing the second through-hole. In this way, the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic antenna can be transmitted to the sub-reflector through the second through-hole, thereby preventing the primary reflector from blocking the electromagnetic signal.

[0019] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the electromagnetic antenna is disposed through the second through hole. This facilitates the arrangement of the electromagnetic antenna using the second through hole, and the inner wall of the second through hole can provide a certain degree of limitation for the electromagnetic antenna, thereby ensuring the stability of the electromagnetic antenna.

[0020] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the electromagnetic antenna is located on the side of the main reflector away from the sub-reflector and facing the second through hole. This provides a larger arrangement space for the electromagnetic antenna, which helps to reduce the difficulty of arranging the electromagnetic antenna and ensures that the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic antenna can be emitted to the sub-reflector through the second through hole, thereby avoiding the main reflector from blocking the electromagnetic signal.

[0021] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, a second through hole and a third through hole are provided on the main reflector. The second through hole and the third through hole are arranged apart. The electromagnetic antenna is arranged facing the second through hole and the optical antenna is arranged facing the third through hole. In this way, the electromagnetic antenna and the optical antenna are arranged apart on the main reflector to avoid interference between the optical antenna and the electromagnetic antenna. Thus, when the optical antenna and the electromagnetic antenna work simultaneously, the mutual influence between the optical signal and the electromagnetic signal can be reduced, thereby improving the performance and gain of the antenna.

[0022] Meanwhile, the projection of the third through-hole and the projection of the sub-reflector are spaced apart in a plane perpendicular to the preset direction. This prevents the sub-reflector from blocking the light signal, thus ensuring the normal transmission of the light signal.

[0023] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the electromagnetic antenna includes a cylindrical radiator with an open end facing the second through-hole. This arrangement allows the electromagnetic signal emitted by the antenna to exit through the open end and pass through the second through-hole to reach the sub-reflector, thereby preventing the primary reflector from blocking the electromagnetic signal.

[0024] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the opening end is elliptical, and the centerline of the third through hole intersects the extension of the minor axis of the ellipse. This makes the cross-sectional shape of the opening end more regular, which helps to reduce the manufacturing difficulty. Moreover, this arrangement ensures that the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic antenna forms a structure beam with a notch after being emitted from the opening end to the sub-reflector and reflected by the sub-reflector to the main reflector. The notch falls at the third through hole, thereby reducing the influence of the electromagnetic signal on the optical signal emitted by the optical antenna set at the third through hole, and also helps to reduce the energy leakage of the electromagnetic signal at the third through hole, thereby reducing the energy loss of the electromagnetic signal.

[0025] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the cross-section of the opening end includes a sector shape and a half-ellipse shape. The central angle of the sector shape is 180 degrees, the diameter of the sector shape is collinear with the minor axis of the half-ellipse shape, and the center line of the third through-hole intersects the extension of the minor axis of the half-ellipse shape. This makes the cross-sectional shape of the opening end more regular, reducing manufacturing difficulty. Furthermore, this arrangement ensures that the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic antenna, after exiting the opening end to the sub-reflector and being reflected by the sub-reflector to the main reflector, forms a beam with a notch, and the notch falls at the third through-hole. This reduces the impact of the electromagnetic signal on the optical signal emitted by the optical antenna located at the third through-hole, and also helps reduce energy leakage of the electromagnetic signal at the third through-hole, thereby reducing energy loss of the electromagnetic signal.

[0026] In some embodiments that may include the above-described examples, a reflector is connected to the opening end. The reflector is located on the side of the opening end near the third through-hole, and is used to block the electromagnetic signal from spreading towards the optical antenna. This arrangement ensures that when the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic antenna exits from the opening end, the electromagnetic signal is reflected by the reflector on the side of the opening end near the third through-hole, thereby preventing the electromagnetic signal from spreading towards the third through-hole and consequently towards the optical antenna. Furthermore, after the electromagnetic signal exits from the opening end to the sub-reflecting surface and is reflected back to the main reflecting surface, it forms a beam with a notch. The notch falls at the location of the third through-hole, thus reducing the impact of the electromagnetic signal on the optical signal emitted by the optical antenna located at the third through-hole and reducing energy leakage at the third through-hole, thereby reducing energy loss of the electromagnetic signal.

[0027] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the reflector includes an arc-shaped reflector with an inner arc surface facing the centerline of the opening end. This configuration allows the arc-shaped reflector to be adapted to the shape of the cylindrical radiator, reducing the obstruction of electromagnetic signals by the arc-shaped reflector in the direction of the centerline of the opening end, thereby reducing energy loss. Furthermore, the arc-shaped reflector allows the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic antenna to better form a notched structural beam after being emitted from the opening end to the sub-reflecting surface and reflected by the sub-reflecting surface to the main reflecting surface. The notch falls at the location of the third through-hole, thereby reducing energy leakage of the electromagnetic signal at the third through-hole and further reducing energy loss of the electromagnetic signal.

[0028] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the angle between the extension direction of the arc-shaped reflector and the centerline of the opening end is an acute angle. That is, in the extension direction of the arc-shaped reflector, the second end of the arc-shaped reflector away from the opening end is closer to or further away from the centerline of the opening end than the first end of the arc-shaped reflector connected to the opening end. In this way, while ensuring that the arc-shaped reflector can block the electromagnetic signal from spreading towards the optical antenna, the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic antenna can better form a structure beam with a notch after being emitted from the opening end to the sub-reflecting surface and reflected by the sub-reflecting surface to the main reflecting surface. The notch falls at the position of the third through hole, thereby reducing the energy leakage of the electromagnetic signal at the third through hole and thus reducing the energy loss of the electromagnetic signal.

[0029] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the end of the arc-shaped reflector connected to the opening end is the first end, and the end of the arc-shaped reflector away from the opening end is the second end. In the direction from the first end to the second end, the radius of the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped reflector tends to increase.

[0030] Therefore, when the electromagnetic signal is transmitted along the inner arc surface of the arc reflector from the first end to the second end, the obstruction of the electromagnetic signal by the arc reflector can be reduced, thereby reducing the energy loss of the electromagnetic signal.

[0031] In some embodiments that may include the above-described examples, the end of the arc-shaped reflector connected to the open end is designated as the first end, and the end of the arc-shaped reflector away from the open end is designated as the second end. From the first end to the second end, the radius of the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped reflector decreases. This configuration allows the arc-shaped reflector to converge electromagnetic signals. When the electromagnetic signal propagates along the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped reflector from the first end to the second end, the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped reflector converges the electromagnetic signal, prevents electromagnetic signal fluctuations, and concentrates the electromagnetic signal.

[0032] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the reflector is detachably connected to the opening end. That is, the opening end and the reflector are designed separately, which facilitates flexible selection of the reflector assembly as needed and allows for the replacement of the opening end with reflectors of different shapes.

[0033] In some embodiments that may include the above-described examples, the sub-reflector includes multiple sub-reflectors located on the same plane and arranged in an array. This allows for changes in the volume or shape of the sub-reflector by increasing or decreasing the number of sub-reflectors or altering their arrangement, thereby expanding the applicability of the sub-reflector. The sub-reflecting surface includes the surfaces of the multiple sub-reflectors facing the main reflecting surface. In other words, the surfaces of the multiple sub-reflectors facing the main reflecting surface together constitute the sub-reflecting surface. With this configuration, the electromagnetic signals emitted by the electromagnetic antenna can be reflected onto the main reflecting surface through the surfaces of the multiple sub-reflectors facing the main reflecting surface. Furthermore, the phase shift of the electromagnetic signal can be achieved by changing the shape, size, etc., of the surface of at least one sub-reflector facing the main reflecting surface, thereby ensuring that the electromagnetic signal meets the usage requirements.

[0034] This application provides an antenna, including a main reflector and a sub-reflector. The main reflector has a main reflecting surface, and the sub-reflector has a sub-reflector. The sub-reflector faces the main reflecting surface. The main reflecting surface receives electromagnetic signals from a preset direction and reflects the electromagnetic signals to the sub-reflector. The antenna also includes an electromagnetic antenna, which faces the sub-reflector. The sub-reflector reflects the electromagnetic signals from the main reflecting surface to the electromagnetic antenna, and the electromagnetic antenna receives the reflected electromagnetic signals. This allows the electromagnetic signals to be received by the electromagnetic antenna, thereby achieving signal reception. The electromagnetic signals have a wide transmission bandwidth, are not sensitive to antenna sway, and are less affected by foggy weather conditions. Thus, using the electromagnetic antenna for signal transmission improves the antenna's operational stability, thereby improving the stability of the backhaul network. Furthermore, the reflection from the sub-reflector and the main reflecting surface facilitates control of the electromagnetic signal reception direction, enabling the electromagnetic antenna to receive electromagnetic signals more accurately and improving the electromagnetic signal reception effect.

[0035] The antenna also includes an optical antenna, which is positioned on the main reflector and spaced apart from the electromagnetic antenna. This arrangement allows the optical antenna to be installed independently of the electromagnetic antenna, thus reducing the antenna's size and facilitating miniaturization of the antenna system. It also avoids interference between the optical and electromagnetic antennas, reducing the difficulty of their placement. Furthermore, the separation between the optical and electromagnetic antennas reduces the mutual interference between optical and electromagnetic signals when they operate simultaneously, thereby improving the antenna's performance and gain.

[0036] In some embodiments, the optical antenna is used to transmit an optical signal in a predetermined direction. Thus, the optical antenna can be used to transmit an optical signal in a predetermined direction, thereby achieving signal transmission.

[0037] In other embodiments, the optical antenna is used to receive optical signals from a predetermined direction. Thus, the optical antenna can be used to receive optical signals from a predetermined direction, thereby achieving signal reception.

[0038] In some other embodiments, the optical antenna is used to transmit optical signals in a predetermined direction and to receive optical signals from the predetermined direction. This configuration allows for both signal transmission and reception via the optical antenna.

[0039] Optical signals have a large transmission capacity and lower loss under heavy rain conditions, meaning that optical signal transmission is more stable. Therefore, using optical antennas for signal transmission and / or reception helps improve the antenna's operational stability, thereby improving the operational stability of the backhaul network.

[0040] The antenna provided in this embodiment has an optical antenna mounted on the main reflector, eliminating the need for the optical antenna to be installed independently of the electromagnetic antenna. This facilitates a reduction in antenna size and enables miniaturized antenna system design. Furthermore, the spacing between the optical and electromagnetic antennas prevents interference between them. This reduces mutual interference between the optical and electromagnetic signals when the electromagnetic antenna receives electromagnetic signals and the optical antenna transmits and / or receives optical signals, thereby improving antenna performance and gain. Secondly, since the antenna in this embodiment includes both optical and electromagnetic antennas, they can be used in conjunction to provide both electromagnetic and optical signal transmission capabilities. This allows the antenna to avoid the risk of network outages under special weather conditions such as fog and rain when using a single transmission method, maintaining high-quality transmission throughout the day and improving the stability of the backhaul network.

[0041] In some embodiments that may include the above-described examples, the electromagnetic antenna includes multiple radiators spaced apart around a first center line to define an arrangement space between the radiators. An optical antenna is disposed within this arrangement space and spaced apart from the radiators. This ensures that the optical antenna and electromagnetic antenna are spaced apart while fully utilizing the arrangement space within the electromagnetic antenna, improving space utilization and making the arrangement of the electromagnetic and optical antennas more compact. This reduces the antenna's size, achieving a miniaturized design. In particular, the design of multiple radiators around the first center line allows the electromagnetic antenna to form an antenna with an arrangement space. Thus, when the electromagnetic antenna transmits an electromagnetic signal, the signal is a hollow beam. Since the optical antenna is disposed within the arrangement space, it can utilize the space within the hollow beam, i.e., the arrangement space, to transmit the optical signal, thereby reducing the mutual interference between the optical and electromagnetic signals and improving the antenna's performance and gain.

[0042] Meanwhile, a first through-hole is provided on the sub-reflector, and the optical antenna is positioned facing the first through-hole. Due to the design of multiple radiators surrounding the first center line, the electromagnetic signal is a hollow beam. Therefore, when the hollow beam is emitted toward the sub-reflector, almost no beam is emitted to the sub-reflector in the central region. The optical antenna is positioned within the arrangement space and faces the first through-hole. That is, at least a part of the first through-hole faces the arrangement space, i.e., at least a part of the first through-hole faces the central region of the hollow beam. In this way, when the hollow beam is emitted toward the sub-reflector, energy leakage at the first through-hole can be reduced. Thus, the design of multiple radiators surrounding the first center line provides the basis for setting the first through-hole on the sub-reflector, and the optical antenna facing the first through-hole allows the optical signal to be transmitted through the first through-hole, thereby ensuring that the optical signal is not blocked by the sub-reflector.

[0043] In some embodiments that may include the above examples, the first center line is collinear with the center of the first through hole. This arrangement ensures that the optical antenna, after being installed in the arrangement space, is directly aligned with the center of the first through hole, thereby guaranteeing that the optical signals transmitted and / or received by the optical antenna can be accurately transmitted through the first through hole.

[0044] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the first center line is parallel to the center line of the first through-hole. This arrangement ensures that the optical antenna, after being installed in the arrangement space, is directly opposite the first through-hole, thereby guaranteeing that the optical signals transmitted and / or received by the optical antenna can be accurately transmitted through the first through-hole.

[0045] In some embodiments that may include the above-described examples, the optical antenna includes an antenna body, a first lens, and a second lens. The antenna body is disposed within an arrangement space to fully utilize the space, thereby improving space utilization and reducing the antenna size to achieve miniaturization. The first lens is disposed within a first through-hole and faces the antenna body, making reasonable use of the space at the first through-hole for mounting the first lens and making the arrangement of the first lens and sub-reflector more compact, thus reducing the antenna size. The second lens is disposed on the side of the first lens away from the antenna body and faces the first lens. The first lens has a positive optical power, and the second lens has a negative optical power. With this configuration, the optical signal emitted by the antenna body can be emitted sequentially through the first lens and the second lens. Thus, the first lens can be used to converge and cross the optical signal to reduce energy leakage, and the second lens can be used to make the optical signal form approximately parallel light to improve coherence and ensure concentrated light within the communication area.

[0046] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the focal point of the first lens is located between the first lens and the second lens. That is, the focal point of the first lens is located on the side of the second lens closer to the first lens. This ensures that the light signal can converge and cross completely at the focal point of the first lens, thereby ensuring the converging effect of the light signal and reducing energy leakage.

[0047] In some embodiments that may include the above-described examples, a second through-hole is provided on the primary reflector, and the electromagnetic antenna is positioned facing the second through-hole. In this way, the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic antenna can be transmitted to the sub-reflector through the second through-hole, thereby preventing the primary reflector from blocking the electromagnetic signal.

[0048] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the electromagnetic antenna is disposed through the second through hole. This facilitates the arrangement of the electromagnetic antenna using the second through hole, and the inner wall of the second through hole can provide a certain degree of limitation for the electromagnetic antenna, thereby ensuring the stability of the electromagnetic antenna.

[0049] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the electromagnetic antenna is located on the side of the main reflector away from the sub-reflector and facing the second through hole. This provides a larger arrangement space for the electromagnetic antenna, which helps to reduce the difficulty of arranging the electromagnetic antenna and ensures that the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic antenna can be emitted to the sub-reflector through the second through hole, thereby avoiding the main reflector from blocking the electromagnetic signal.

[0050] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, a second through hole and a third through hole are provided on the main reflector. The second through hole and the third through hole are arranged apart. The electromagnetic antenna is arranged facing the second through hole and the optical antenna is arranged facing the third through hole. In this way, the electromagnetic antenna and the optical antenna are arranged apart on the main reflector to avoid interference between the optical antenna and the electromagnetic antenna. Thus, when the optical antenna and the electromagnetic antenna work simultaneously, the mutual influence between the optical signal and the electromagnetic signal can be reduced, thereby improving the performance and gain of the antenna.

[0051] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the electromagnetic antenna includes a cylindrical radiator with an open end facing the second through-hole. This arrangement allows the electromagnetic signal emitted by the antenna to exit through the open end and pass through the second through-hole to reach the sub-reflector, thereby preventing the primary reflector from blocking the electromagnetic signal.

[0052] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the opening end is elliptical, and the centerline of the third through-hole intersects the extension of the minor axis of the ellipse. This makes the cross-sectional shape of the opening end more regular, reducing manufacturing difficulty. Furthermore, this arrangement ensures that the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic antenna, after exiting the opening end to the sub-reflector and being reflected by the sub-reflector to the main reflector, forms a beam with a notch, and the notch falls at the third through-hole. This reduces the impact of the electromagnetic signal on the optical signal emitted by the optical antenna positioned at the third through-hole, and also helps reduce energy leakage of the electromagnetic signal at the third through-hole, thereby reducing energy loss of the electromagnetic signal.

[0053] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the cross-section of the opening end includes a sector shape and a half-ellipse shape. The central angle of the sector shape is 180 degrees, the diameter of the sector shape is collinear with the minor axis of the half-ellipse shape, and the center line of the third through-hole intersects the extension of the minor axis of the half-ellipse shape. This makes the cross-sectional shape of the opening end more regular, reducing manufacturing difficulty. Furthermore, this arrangement ensures that the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic antenna, after exiting the opening end to the sub-reflector and being reflected by the sub-reflector to the main reflector, forms a beam with a notch, and the notch falls at the third through-hole. This reduces the impact of the electromagnetic signal on the optical signal emitted by the optical antenna located at the third through-hole, and also helps reduce energy leakage of the electromagnetic signal at the third through-hole, thereby reducing energy loss of the electromagnetic signal.

[0054] In some embodiments that may include the above-described examples, a reflector is connected to the opening end. The reflector is located on the side of the opening end near the third through-hole, and is used to block the electromagnetic signal from spreading towards the optical antenna. This arrangement ensures that when the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic antenna exits from the opening end, the electromagnetic signal is reflected by the reflector on the side of the opening end near the third through-hole, thereby preventing the electromagnetic signal from spreading towards the third through-hole and consequently towards the optical antenna. Furthermore, after the electromagnetic signal exits from the opening end to the sub-reflecting surface and is reflected back to the main reflecting surface, it forms a beam with a notch. The notch falls at the location of the third through-hole, thus reducing the impact of the electromagnetic signal on the optical signal emitted by the optical antenna located at the third through-hole and reducing energy leakage at the third through-hole, thereby reducing energy loss of the electromagnetic signal.

[0055] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the reflector includes an arc-shaped reflector with an inner arc surface facing the centerline of the opening end. This configuration allows the arc-shaped reflector to be adapted to the shape of the cylindrical radiator, reducing the obstruction of electromagnetic signals by the arc-shaped reflector in the direction of the centerline of the opening end, thereby reducing energy loss. Furthermore, the arc-shaped reflector allows the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic antenna to better form a notched structural beam after being emitted from the opening end to the sub-reflecting surface and reflected by the sub-reflecting surface to the main reflecting surface. The notch falls at the location of the third through-hole, thereby reducing energy leakage of the electromagnetic signal at the third through-hole and further reducing energy loss of the electromagnetic signal.

[0056] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the angle between the extension direction of the arc-shaped reflector and the centerline of the opening end is an acute angle. That is, in the extension direction of the arc-shaped reflector, the second end of the arc-shaped reflector away from the opening end is closer to or further away from the centerline of the opening end than the first end of the arc-shaped reflector connected to the opening end. In this way, while ensuring that the arc-shaped reflector can block the electromagnetic signal from spreading towards the optical antenna, the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic antenna can better form a structure beam with a notch after being emitted from the opening end to the sub-reflecting surface and reflected by the sub-reflecting surface to the main reflecting surface. The notch falls at the position of the third through hole, thereby reducing the energy leakage of the electromagnetic signal at the third through hole and thus reducing the energy loss of the electromagnetic signal.

[0057] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the end of the arc-shaped reflector connected to the opening end is the first end, and the end of the arc-shaped reflector away from the opening end is the second end. In the direction from the first end to the second end, the radius of the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped reflector tends to increase.

[0058] Therefore, when the electromagnetic signal is transmitted along the inner arc surface of the arc reflector from the first end to the second end, the obstruction of the electromagnetic signal by the arc reflector can be reduced, thereby reducing the energy loss of the electromagnetic signal.

[0059] In some embodiments that may include the above-described examples, the end of the arc-shaped reflector connected to the open end is designated as the first end, and the end of the arc-shaped reflector away from the open end is designated as the second end. From the first end to the second end, the radius of the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped reflector decreases. This configuration allows the arc-shaped reflector to converge electromagnetic signals. When the electromagnetic signal propagates along the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped reflector from the first end to the second end, the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped reflector converges the electromagnetic signal, prevents electromagnetic signal fluctuations, and concentrates the electromagnetic signal.

[0060] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the reflector is detachably connected to the opening end. That is, the opening end and the reflector are designed separately, which facilitates flexible selection of the reflector assembly as needed and allows for the replacement of the opening end with reflectors of different shapes.

[0061] In some embodiments that may include the above-described examples, the reflector and the cylindrical radiator are integrated into a single structure. This reduces manufacturing complexity and lowers costs.

[0062] In some embodiments that may include the above-described examples, the sub-reflector includes multiple sub-reflectors located on the same plane and arranged in an array. This allows for changes in the volume or shape of the sub-reflector by increasing or decreasing the number of sub-reflectors or altering their arrangement, thereby expanding the applicability of the sub-reflector. The sub-reflecting surface includes the surfaces of the multiple sub-reflectors facing the main reflecting surface. In other words, the surfaces of the multiple sub-reflectors facing the main reflecting surface together constitute the sub-reflecting surface. With this configuration, the electromagnetic signals emitted by the electromagnetic antenna can be reflected onto the main reflecting surface through the surfaces of the multiple sub-reflectors facing the main reflecting surface. Furthermore, the phase shift of the electromagnetic signal can be achieved by changing the shape, size, etc., of the surface of at least one sub-reflector facing the main reflecting surface, thereby ensuring that the electromagnetic signal meets the usage requirements.

[0063] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide an antenna system, including a control device and an antenna of any of the above embodiments, wherein the control device is connected to an electromagnetic antenna and an optical antenna.

[0064] The antenna system provided in this application includes the antenna in any of the above embodiments. Therefore, both can solve the same technical problem and achieve the same technical effect, which will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0065] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the antenna system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the antenna system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0067] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electromagnetic antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 5 shows the far-field energy diagram of the electromagnetic antenna shown in Figure 4;

[0070] Figure 6 is the near-field energy diagram of the electromagnetic antenna shown in Figure 4;

[0071] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the sub-reflector provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sub-reflector of the sub-reflector provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0073] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cylindrical radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0075] Figure 11 is a second structural schematic diagram of the cylindrical radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0076] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cylindrical radiator provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0077] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cylindrical radiator provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0078] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sub-reflector provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0079] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the structural beam provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0080] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100: Antenna system; 20: Control device; 10: Antenna; M1: Electromagnetic signal; M2: Optical signal; 1: Main reflector; 11: Main reflecting surface; 12: Second through-hole; 13: Third through-hole; 2: Sub-reflector; 21: Sub-reflecting surface; 22: First through-hole; 23: Sub-reflector; 231: Dielectric substrate; 232: Patch; 3: Electromagnetic antenna; 31: Radiator; 32: Cylindrical radiator; 321: Opening end; B: First centerline; C: Structural beam; E: Notch; D: Central cavity; 4: Arrangement space; 5: Optical antenna; 51: Optical antenna body; 52: First lens; 53: Second lens; 6: Reflector; 60: Arc reflector; 601: Inner arc surface of arc reflector; 61: First end; 62: Second end. Detailed Implementation

[0081] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0082] Hereinafter, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0083] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, directional terms such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "horizontal," and "vertical" are defined relative to the orientation of the components shown in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, used for relative description and clarification, and can change accordingly depending on the orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings.

[0084] In the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, an electrical connection, a coupling connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.

[0085] This application provides an antenna system that can be applied to a communication system, such as the backhaul network of the communication system. The main transmission channel of the backhaul network is a long-distance, fixed point-to-point line-of-sight transmission, and the backhaul technology of the backhaul network includes wireless backhaul methods such as microwave transmission using electromagnetic antennas and wireless optical communication using optical antennas.

[0086] It is understood that when an antenna system is used for information transmission in a backhaul network, the antenna system may include multiple control devices and multiple antennas. The multiple control devices are connected one-to-one with the multiple antennas and are used to control the corresponding antennas to transmit and / or receive signals. For example, referring to Figure 1, the antenna system 100 may include two control devices 20 and two antennas 10. Each control device 20 is connected to one antenna 10. One control device 20 controls the antenna 10 connected to it to transmit signals toward the other antenna 10, and the other control device 20 controls the other antenna 10 to receive signals, thereby enabling mutual information transmission between the two antennas 10.

[0087] Referring to Figure 2, in some implementations, antenna 10 includes an electromagnetic antenna 3 and an optical antenna 5. A control device 20 is connected to both the electromagnetic antenna 3 and the optical antenna 5. When the electromagnetic antenna is used in the backhaul network, the control device is connected to the electromagnetic antenna and used to control its transmission and / or reception of electromagnetic signals. When the optical antenna is used in the backhaul network, the control device is connected to the optical antenna and used to control its transmission and / or reception of optical signals. However, when both electromagnetic and optical antennas are used simultaneously in the backhaul network, they are installed independently, resulting in a large overall antenna size and making it difficult to achieve miniaturized antenna system design.

[0088] Referring to Figure 3, this embodiment provides an antenna 10, which includes a primary reflector 1 and a secondary reflector 2. The primary reflector 1 has a primary reflecting surface 11, and the secondary reflector 2 has a secondary reflecting surface 21, which faces the primary reflecting surface 11. That is, the secondary reflecting surface 21 and the primary reflecting surface 11 are arranged facing each other to ensure that the primary reflecting surface 11 and the secondary reflecting surface 21 can reflect electromagnetic signals to each other.

[0089] Please refer to Figure 3. Antenna 10 also includes an electromagnetic antenna 3, which is used to transmit an electromagnetic signal M1 to the sub-reflector 21. This embodiment does not limit the electromagnetic antenna 3, as long as it can transmit the electromagnetic signal M1. For example, the electromagnetic antenna 3 may include at least one of the following: a circular array antenna, a loop traveling wave antenna, or the source antenna of a Cassegrain antenna; of course, the electromagnetic antenna 3 may also include other antennas, which are not limited here.

[0090] In the above implementation, the electromagnetic antenna 3 is used to transmit an electromagnetic signal M1 toward the sub-reflector 21. The sub-reflector 21 is used to receive the electromagnetic signal M1 emitted by the electromagnetic antenna 3 and reflect the electromagnetic signal M1 to the main reflector 11. The main reflector 11 is used to receive the electromagnetic signal M1 reflected by the sub-reflector 21 and reflect the electromagnetic signal M1 toward a preset direction so that the electromagnetic signal M1 can be emitted by the antenna 10, thereby realizing the transmission of the signal through the electromagnetic signal M1.

[0091] In some other implementations, the electromagnetic antenna 3 is positioned facing the sub-reflector 21. The main reflector 11 is used to receive the electromagnetic signal M1 from a preset direction and reflect the electromagnetic signal M1 to the sub-reflector 21. The sub-reflector 21 is used to reflect the electromagnetic signal M1 from the main reflector 11 to the electromagnetic antenna 3. The electromagnetic antenna 3 is used to receive the electromagnetic signal M1 reflected by the sub-reflector 21, so that the electromagnetic signal M1 can be received by the electromagnetic antenna 3, thereby achieving signal reception through the electromagnetic antenna 3.

[0092] In some implementations, the electromagnetic antenna 3 is used to transmit an electromagnetic signal M1 toward the sub-reflector 21 and to receive an electromagnetic signal M1 from the sub-reflector 21. For example, the electromagnetic antenna 3 transmits the electromagnetic signal M1 toward the sub-reflector 21, the sub-reflector 21 receives the electromagnetic signal M1 emitted by the electromagnetic antenna 3 and reflects it to the main reflector 11, the main reflector 11 receives the reflected electromagnetic signal M1 from the sub-reflector 21 and reflects it in a preset direction; and the main reflector 11 receives the electromagnetic signal M1 from the preset direction and reflects it to the sub-reflector 21, and the sub-reflector 21 then reflects the electromagnetic signal M1 from the main reflector 11 back to the electromagnetic antenna 3, which receives the reflected electromagnetic signal M1 from the sub-reflector 21, so that the electromagnetic signal M1 can be received by the electromagnetic antenna 3. In this way, signal transmission and reception can be achieved through the electromagnetic antenna 3.

[0093] The electromagnetic signal M1 has a relatively large transmission bandwidth, making it less sensitive to the shaking of antenna 10 and less affected by foggy weather conditions. Therefore, using electromagnetic antenna 3 for signal transmission and / or reception improves the operational stability of antenna 10, thereby enhancing the stability of the backhaul network. Furthermore, the reflection from the sub-reflector 21 and the main reflector 11 facilitates control over the transmission direction of electromagnetic signal M1. It can be understood that the preset direction is the communication direction of antenna 10; that is, electromagnetic signal M1 can be received at any position within the preset direction of antenna 10. The positions of the main reflector 1 and the sub-reflector 2 can be appropriately set according to the communication needs of antenna 10 to adjust the preset direction.

[0094] In some embodiments, the secondary reflector may include a plane or a curved surface. The shape of the secondary reflector is not limited in this application embodiment, as long as it can reflect electromagnetic signals to the primary reflector. The primary reflector may include a sphere or a cone, etc., so that the electromagnetic signals reflected by the primary reflector can be concentrated in a communication area in a preset direction, thereby ensuring high electromagnetic signal strength in the communication area and improving communication performance.

[0095] In some implementations, referring to Figure 3, the main reflector 11 is hemispherical, and the sub-reflector 21 is located within the space enclosed by the hemisphere. The sub-reflector 21 can be planar and is approximately perpendicular to a preset direction. The electromagnetic signal M1 emitted by the electromagnetic antenna 3 is reflected by the sub-reflector 21 and then directed towards the main reflector 11, where it is reflected again. Because the main reflector 11 is spherical, it can converge the electromagnetic signal M1, ensuring that the reflected electromagnetic signal M1 propagates approximately parallel to the preset direction, thus guaranteeing a high electromagnetic signal strength in the communication area.

[0096] Please refer to Figure 3. Antenna 10 also includes an optical antenna 5. The optical antenna 5 is used to transmit optical signal M2 in a preset direction and / or receive optical signal M2 from the preset direction. This embodiment does not limit the optical antenna 5, as long as it can transmit and / or receive optical signal M2. For example, the optical antenna 5 may include a free-space optical communication (FSO) antenna. Of course, the optical antenna 5 may also include other antennas, which are not limited here.

[0097] The optical antenna 5 is mounted on the main reflector 1, so that the optical antenna 5 does not need to be installed independently of the electromagnetic antenna 3, thereby reducing the size of the antenna 10 and facilitating the miniaturization design of the antenna 10. It can be understood that the optical antenna 5 can be mounted on the main reflector 1 directly or indirectly on the main reflector 1 through the electromagnetic antenna 3, and no limitation is made here.

[0098] The optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3 are spaced apart. This arrangement avoids interference between the optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3, thereby reducing the difficulty of arranging the optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3. Furthermore, because the optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3 are spaced apart, the mutual influence between the optical signal M2 and the electromagnetic signal M1 can be reduced when the optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3 are working simultaneously, thereby improving the performance and gain of the antenna 10.

[0099] In some embodiments, the optical antenna 5 is used to transmit an optical signal M2 in a preset direction. With this configuration, the optical antenna 5 can transmit the optical signal M2 in the preset direction, thereby realizing the transmission of the signal through the optical antenna 5.

[0100] In other embodiments, the optical antenna 5 is used to receive an optical signal M2 from a preset direction. This configuration allows the optical antenna 5 to receive the optical signal M2 from the preset direction, thereby achieving signal reception via the optical antenna 5.

[0101] In some other embodiments, the optical antenna 5 is used to transmit optical signal M2 in a preset direction and to receive optical signal M2 from the preset direction. This configuration allows for signal transmission and reception via the optical antenna 5.

[0102] The optical signal M2 emitted by the optical antenna 5 has a large transmission capacity and lower loss under heavy rain conditions, meaning that the transmission stability of the optical signal M2 is stronger. Thus, using the optical antenna 5 for signal transmission and / or reception helps to improve the working stability of the antenna 10, thereby improving the working stability of the backhaul network.

[0103] Referring to Figure 3, the antenna 10 provided in this embodiment includes an electromagnetic antenna 3 and an optical antenna 5. Therefore, the antenna 10 has electromagnetic signal and / or optical signal transmission modes. Thus, the antenna 10 provided in this embodiment can select the signal transmission mode according to usage requirements and usage scenarios such as weather conditions. In some usage scenarios, for example, in windy weather, the electromagnetic antenna 3 can be used to transmit electromagnetic signal M1 to reduce the impact of antenna 10 shaking on signal transmission; or in foggy weather, the electromagnetic antenna 3 can be used to transmit electromagnetic signal M1 to improve signal stability; or in rainy weather, the optical antenna 5 can be used to transmit optical signals to improve signal stability.

[0104] Of course, in any of the above-mentioned or other usage scenarios, electromagnetic antenna 3 and optical antenna 5 can be used simultaneously for signal transmission. In this way, by using optical antenna 5 and electromagnetic antenna 3 together, antenna 10 can simultaneously have the transmission mode of electromagnetic signal M1 and the transmission mode of optical signal M2. This allows antenna 10 to avoid the risk of network outage under special weather conditions such as fog and rain when using a single transmission mode, thereby maintaining high-quality transmission at all times and improving the working stability of the backhaul network.

[0105] The antenna 10 provided in this embodiment has a main reflector 1 with a main reflective surface 11 and a secondary reflector with a secondary reflective surface 21. The secondary reflective surface 21 faces the main reflective surface 11, and the electromagnetic antenna 3 faces the secondary reflective surface 21. The electromagnetic antenna 3 is used to transmit an electromagnetic signal M1 to the secondary reflective surface 21. The secondary reflective surface 21 is used to reflect the electromagnetic signal M1 back to the main reflective surface 11, and the main reflective surface 11 is used to reflect the electromagnetic signal M1 in a preset direction. The optical antenna 5 is spaced apart from the electromagnetic antenna 3. The optical antenna 5 is used to transmit an optical signal M2 in the preset direction and / or receive an optical signal M2 from the preset direction. The optical antenna 5 is mounted on the main reflector 1, eliminating the need for separate installation of the optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3, thereby reducing the size of the antenna 10 and facilitating the miniaturization of the antenna system.

[0106] Furthermore, the spacing between the optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3 can prevent interference between them. This reduces the mutual influence between the optical signal M2 and the electromagnetic signal M1 when both antennas are working simultaneously, thereby improving the performance and gain of the antenna 10. Secondly, since the antenna 10 in this embodiment includes both the optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3, they can be used in combination to enable the antenna 10 to transmit both electromagnetic signal M1 and optical signal M2. This allows the antenna 10 to avoid the risk of network outages under special weather conditions such as fog and rain when using a single transmission method, thus maintaining high-quality transmission at all times and improving the stability of the backhaul network.

[0107] Referring to Figure 4, the electromagnetic antenna 3 includes multiple radiators 31 arranged around a first center line B. These radiators 31 form a circular array antenna, defining an arrangement space 4 between them. An optical antenna 5 (as shown in Figure 3) is positioned within this arrangement space 4 and spaced apart from the radiators 31. This design, with multiple radiators 31 surrounding the first center line B, creates an arrangement space 4 in the center of the electromagnetic antenna 3, providing space for the optical antenna 5. By installing the optical antenna 5 within the arrangement space 4, it can be separated from the electromagnetic antenna 3, fully utilizing the arrangement space 4 within the electromagnetic antenna 3 to improve space utilization. This results in a more compact arrangement of the electromagnetic antenna 3 and the optical antenna 5, reducing the size of the antenna 10 and achieving a miniaturized antenna system design. Moreover, when the electromagnetic antenna 3 transmits the electromagnetic signal M1, the electromagnetic signal M1 is a hollow beam, and the optical antenna 5 is set in the arrangement space 4. Thus, the optical antenna 5 can use the hollow area in the hollow beam to realize the transmission of the optical signal M2, thereby reducing the mutual influence between the optical signal M2 and the electromagnetic signal M1, and thus improving the performance and gain of the antenna 10.

[0108] For example, referring to Figure 4, the electromagnetic antenna 3 includes an orbital angular momentum (OAM) antenna, which comprises multiple radiators 31 arranged around the first centerline B. It should be noted that the electromagnetic signal M1 emitted by the OAM antenna is an OAM beam. The OAM beam satisfies the Bessel function JL(kasin(θ)) distribution in the elevation direction, where JL(x) is an L-order Bessel function, L is also the order of the OAM beam, k is the free-space wavenumber, a is the radius of the circle formed by the multiple radiators 31, and θ is the elevation coordinate. When L is not 0, the function value is 0 when θ = 0. Therefore, the non-0-order OAM beam is a hollow beam. Referring to Figure 5, when L = 1, i.e., the order is 1, the far-field energy pattern of the OAM beam is an inverted cone with hollow characteristics. Referring to Figure 6, the near-field energy distribution of the non-0-order OAM beam also exhibits a significant central void D and propagates forward at a certain divergence angle. In other words, the OAM beam is a hollow beam with a central hole D, meaning that the central region of the OAM beam has almost no energy. Therefore, when the optical antenna 5 (as shown in Figure 3) is arranged within the space 4 between multiple radiators 31, it will not affect the transmission of the OAM beam. Furthermore, the optical antenna 5 can utilize the central hole D region of the OAM beam to transmit the optical signal M2, thereby reducing the intersection between the OAM beam and the optical signal M2, and consequently reducing the mutual interference between the optical signal M2 and the electromagnetic signal M1, thus improving the performance and gain of the antenna 10.

[0109] The non-0th order OAM beam is a hollow beam, and the OAM beam is a loop beam when emitted from the opening of the antenna 10. However, when using an OAM antenna in a backhaul network, the loop beam is prone to energy loss during point-to-point transmission. To address this, this embodiment provides a sub-reflector 21 to reflect the OAM beam to the main reflector 11 while simultaneously reducing the order of the non-0th order OAM beam. This makes the electromagnetic signal M1 emitted from the opening of the antenna 10 closer to a pencil-shaped beam, thereby reducing energy loss during point-to-point transmission and improving the performance of the antenna 10.

[0110] Referring to Figure 7, the sub-reflector 2 includes multiple sub-reflectors 23, which are located on the same plane and arranged in an array. This allows for changes in the volume or shape of the sub-reflector 2 by increasing or decreasing the number of sub-reflectors 23 or altering their arrangement, thereby expanding the applicability of the sub-reflector 2. The sub-reflecting surface 21 includes the surfaces of the multiple sub-reflectors 23 facing the main reflecting surface 11. In other words, the surfaces of the multiple sub-reflectors 23 facing the main reflecting surface 11 together constitute the sub-reflecting surface 21.

[0111] For example, referring to Figure 8, each sub-reflector 23 includes multiple layers of dielectric substrate 231 and patches 232. The patches 232 may include metal sheets or other structures. The patches 232 are attached to the outermost dielectric substrate 231, and the surfaces of the multiple sub-reflectors 23 facing the main reflective surface 11 include the surfaces of the multiple patches 232 corresponding to the multiple sub-reflectors 23. That is, the surfaces of the multiple patches 232 corresponding to the multiple sub-reflectors 23 together constitute the sub-reflective surface 21. With this configuration, the electromagnetic signal M1 emitted by the electromagnetic antenna 3 can be reflected onto the main reflective surface 11 through the multiple patches 232 corresponding to the multiple sub-reflectors 23. At the same time, the patches 232 can be used to generate conjugate gradient phases with the opposite order to the non-0th order OAM beam to restore the non-0th order OAM beam into a pencil-shaped beam for spatial transmission. It should be noted that by adjusting the shape and / or size of the patch 232 corresponding to a sub-reflector 23, the phase shift of the electromagnetic signal located at the patch 232 can be achieved within the range of 0 degrees to 360 degrees. By controlling the phase of the electromagnetic signal at all patches 232 within the entire sub-reflector 23, the electromagnetic signal M1 can meet the usage requirements.

[0112] Please refer to Figure 3. The subreflector 2 has a first through-hole 22. The optical antenna 5 is positioned facing the first through-hole 22. Since the non-0th order OAM beam is a hollow beam, when the hollow beam is emitted toward the subreflector 2, almost no energy is emitted to the subreflector 2 from the central region of the hollow beam. The optical antenna 5 is positioned within the arrangement space 4 and faces the first through-hole 22. That is, at least a part of the first through-hole 22 faces the arrangement space 4, i.e., at least a part of the first through-hole 22 faces the central region of the hollow beam. In this way, when the hollow beam is emitted toward the subreflector 21, the energy leakage at the first through-hole 22 can be reduced. Thus, the design of multiple radiators 31 surrounding the first center line B provides the basis for setting the first through-hole 22 on the subreflector 2. The optical antenna 5 is positioned facing the first through-hole 22 so that the optical signal M2 can be transmitted through the first through-hole 22, thereby ensuring that the optical signal M2 is not blocked by the subreflector 2.

[0113] Referring to Figure 3, in the implementation where the optical antenna 5 is placed within the arrangement space 4, the first center line B is collinear with the center of the first through hole 22. This arrangement ensures that the optical antenna 5, after being installed in the arrangement space 4, is directly aligned with the center of the first through hole 22, thereby guaranteeing that the optical signal M2 transmitted and / or received by the optical antenna 5 can be accurately transmitted through the first through hole 22.

[0114] In the implementation where the optical antenna 5 is positioned within the arrangement space 4 and spaced apart from the radiator 31, the first center line B is parallel to the center line of the first through-hole 22. This arrangement ensures that the optical antenna 5, after being installed in the arrangement space 4, is directly opposite the first through-hole 22, thereby guaranteeing that the optical signal M2 transmitted and / or received by the optical antenna 5 can be accurately transmitted through the first through-hole 22.

[0115] Referring to Figure 3, in the implementation where the optical antenna 5 faces the first through-hole 22, the optical antenna 5 includes an optical antenna body 51, a first lens 52, and a second lens 53. The optical antenna body 51 is disposed within the arrangement space 4 to fully utilize the arrangement space 4, thereby improving space utilization and reducing the volume of the antenna 10 to achieve a miniaturized design of the antenna system. The first lens 52 is disposed within the first through-hole 22 and faces the optical antenna body 51 to make reasonable use of the space at the first through-hole 22 for the installation of the first lens 52, and to make the arrangement of the first lens 52 and the sub-reflector 2 more compact, thereby reducing the volume of the antenna 10. The second lens 53 is disposed on the side of the first lens 52 away from the optical antenna body 51 and faces the first lens 52. The optical power of the first lens 52 is positive, and the optical power of the second lens 53 is negative. With this configuration, the optical signal M2 emitted by the optical antenna body 51 can be emitted sequentially through the first lens 52 and the second lens 53. In this way, the first lens 52 can be used to achieve the convergence and crossover of the optical signal M2 to reduce energy leakage, and the second lens 53 can be used to make the optical signal M2 form approximately parallel light to improve coherence and ensure that the light is concentrated in the communication area.

[0116] The first lens 52 and / or the second lens may include a convex lens or other optical lenses, which are not limited herein.

[0117] In some implementations, the focal point of the first lens 52 is located between the first lens 52 and the second lens 53. That is, the focal point of the first lens 52 is located on the side of the second lens 53 closer to the first lens 52. This ensures that the optical signal M2 can be fully converged and cross at the focal point of the first lens 52, thereby ensuring the converging effect of the optical signal M2 and reducing energy leakage.

[0118] Referring to Figure 3, in the implementation of the electromagnetic antenna 3 including a circular array antenna, a second through-hole 12 is provided on the main reflector 1, and the electromagnetic antenna 3 is positioned facing the second through-hole 12. In this way, the electromagnetic signal M1 emitted by the electromagnetic antenna 3 can be transmitted to the sub-reflector 21 through the second through-hole 12, thereby preventing the main reflector 1 from blocking the electromagnetic signal M1. Simultaneously, since the optical antenna 5 is arranged within the arrangement space 4 of the electromagnetic antenna 3, the optical signal M2 can be transmitted through the second through-hole 12, preventing the main reflector 1 from blocking the optical signal M2. Furthermore, no separate opening is needed on the main reflector 1 for the transmission of the optical signal M2, which helps reduce production difficulty and cost.

[0119] In some implementations, the electromagnetic antenna 3 passes through the second through hole 12. This facilitates the arrangement of the electromagnetic antenna 3 using the second through hole 12, and the inner wall of the second through hole 12 can provide a certain degree of limitation for the electromagnetic antenna 3, thereby ensuring the stability of the electromagnetic antenna 3.

[0120] In some implementations, the electromagnetic antenna 3 is located on the side of the main reflector 1 away from the sub-reflector 2 and facing the second through-hole 12. This allows for a larger arrangement space 4 for the electromagnetic antenna 3, reducing the difficulty of its arrangement, and ensuring that the electromagnetic signal M1 emitted by the electromagnetic antenna 3 can be transmitted to the sub-reflector 21 through the second through-hole 12, thereby preventing the main reflector 1 from blocking the electromagnetic signal M1.

[0121] Referring to Figure 9, in some embodiments, the main reflector 1 is provided with a second through hole 12 and a third through hole 13, which are arranged at intervals. The electromagnetic antenna 3 is positioned facing the second through hole 12, and the optical antenna 5 is positioned facing the third through hole 13.

[0122] For example, the electromagnetic antenna 3 includes the source antenna of the Cassegrain antenna 10, and the optical antenna 5 includes an FSO antenna. The source antenna of the microwave Cassegrain antenna is positioned facing the second through-hole 12, and the FSO antenna is positioned facing the third through-hole 13. This arrangement of the electromagnetic antenna 3 and the optical antenna 5 on the main reflector 1 at a distance avoids interference between them. Consequently, when both the optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3 operate simultaneously, the mutual influence between the optical signal M2 and the electromagnetic signal M1 can be reduced, thereby improving the performance and gain of the antenna 10.

[0123] Meanwhile, the projection of the third through-hole 13 and the projection of the sub-reflector 2 are spaced apart in a plane perpendicular to the preset direction. This prevents the sub-reflector 2 from obstructing the optical signal M2, thus ensuring the normal transmission of the optical signal M2.

[0124] In the implementation of the electromagnetic antenna 3 facing the second through hole 12 and the optical antenna 5 facing the third through hole 13, please refer to Figure 10. The sub-reflector 2 includes multiple sub-reflectors 23, which are located on the same plane and arranged in an array. This makes it easy to change the volume or shape of the sub-reflector 2 by increasing or decreasing the number of sub-reflectors 23 or changing the arrangement of the sub-reflectors 23, thereby expanding the applicable range of the sub-reflector 2.

[0125] For example, referring to Figure 10, each sub-reflector 23 includes multiple layers of dielectric substrate 231 and patches 232. The patches 232 may include metal sheets or other structures capable of reflecting electromagnetic signal M1. The patches 232 are attached to the outermost dielectric substrate 231, and the surfaces of the multiple sub-reflectors 23 facing the main reflective surface 11 include the surfaces of the multiple patches 232 corresponding to the multiple sub-reflectors 23. In other words, the surfaces of the multiple patches 232 corresponding to the multiple sub-reflectors 23 together constitute the sub-reflective surface 21. With this configuration, the electromagnetic signal M1 emitted by the electromagnetic antenna 3 can be reflected onto the main reflective surface 11 through the multiple patches 232 corresponding to the multiple sub-reflectors 23.

[0126] In the above implementation, please refer to Figure 9. The electromagnetic antenna 3 is positioned facing the second through hole 12 and the optical antenna 5 is positioned facing the third through hole 13. In a plane perpendicular to the preset direction, the projection of the third through hole 13 and the projection of the sub-reflector 2 are spaced apart. In this way, when the optical antenna 5 emits and / or receives the optical signal M2 from the preset direction, the sub-reflector 2 will not block the optical signal M2. Thus, the sub-reflector 2 does not need to be provided with a through hole to avoid the optical signal M2, thereby reducing the manufacturing difficulty of the sub-reflector 2 and helping to reduce costs.

[0127] In the above implementation, the electromagnetic antenna 3 includes a cylindrical radiator 32, which has an open end 321 facing the second through hole 12. This arrangement allows the electromagnetic signal M1 emitted by the electromagnetic antenna 3 to pass through the second through hole 12 after exiting through the open end 321, thereby preventing the main reflector 1 from blocking the electromagnetic signal M1.

[0128] In some implementations, referring to Figure 11, the cross-sectional shape of the opening end 321 is elliptical, and the centerline of the third through-hole 13 intersects the extension of the minor axis of the ellipse. This makes the cross-sectional shape of the opening end 321 more regular, which reduces the manufacturing difficulty. Moreover, this arrangement ensures that the electromagnetic signal M1 emitted by the electromagnetic antenna 3, after being emitted from the opening end 321 to the sub-reflector 21 and reflected by the sub-reflector 21 to the main reflector 11, forms a structural beam C with a notch E, and the notch E falls at the third through-hole 13, such as the asymmetrical "crescent-shaped" structural beam shown in Figure 15. Here, the structural beam C refers to an electromagnetic beam with a specific designed amplitude and phase distribution. The third through-hole 13 is located at the position of the notch E of the structural beam C, thereby reducing the influence of the electromagnetic signal M1 on the optical signal M2 emitted by the optical antenna 5 set at the third through-hole 13, and also helping to reduce the energy leakage of the electromagnetic signal M1 at the third through-hole 13, thereby reducing the energy loss of the electromagnetic signal M1.

[0129] In some other implementations, referring to Figure 12, the cross-section of the opening end 321 includes a sector and a half-ellipse. The central angle of the sector is 180 degrees, the diameter of the sector is collinear with the minor axis of the half-ellipse, and the center line of the third through hole 13 intersects the extension of the minor axis of the half-ellipse. This design makes the cross-sectional shape of the opening end 321 more regular, which reduces the manufacturing difficulty. Moreover, this arrangement ensures that the electromagnetic signal M1 emitted by the electromagnetic antenna 3, after being emitted from the opening end 321 to the sub-reflecting surface 21 and reflected by the sub-reflecting surface 21 to the main reflecting surface 11, will form a structural beam C with a notch E. The notch E will fall at the third through hole 13, such as the asymmetrical "crescent-shaped" structural beam shown in Figure 15. The third through hole 13 is located at the position of the notch E of the structural beam C, thereby reducing the influence of the electromagnetic signal M1 on the optical signal M2 emitted by the optical antenna 5 set at the third through hole 13. It also helps to reduce the energy leakage of the electromagnetic signal M1 at the third through hole 13, thereby reducing the energy loss of the electromagnetic signal M1.

[0130] In the above implementation, a reflector 6 is connected to the opening end 321. The reflector 6 is located on the side of the opening end 321 near the third through hole 13. The reflector 6 is used to block the electromagnetic signal M1 from spreading toward the optical antenna 5. This configuration ensures that when the electromagnetic signal M1 emitted by the electromagnetic antenna 3 exits through the opening end 321, the electromagnetic signal M1 is reflected by the reflector 6 on the side of the opening end 321 near the third through hole 13. This prevents the electromagnetic signal M1 from spreading towards the third through hole 13, and consequently, from spreading towards the optical antenna 5. After the electromagnetic signal M1 exits through the opening end 321 to the sub-reflecting surface 21 and is reflected by the sub-reflecting surface 21 to the main reflecting surface 11, it forms a structural beam C with a notch E. The notch E falls at the third through hole 13, for example, the asymmetrical "crescent-shaped" structural beam shown in Figure 15. The third through hole 13 is located at the position of the notch E of the structural beam C, thereby reducing the influence of the electromagnetic signal M1 on the optical signal M2 emitted by the optical antenna 5 located at the third through hole 13. It also helps to reduce the energy leakage of the electromagnetic signal M1 at the third through hole 13, thereby reducing the energy loss of the electromagnetic signal M1.

[0131] In the above implementation, the reflector 6 is detachably connected to the cylindrical radiator 32. That is, the cylindrical radiator 32 and the reflector 6 are designed separately, which facilitates flexible selection of the reflector 6 according to needs, and makes it easy to replace the cylindrical radiator 32 with reflectors 6 of different shapes.

[0132] In some embodiments, the reflector 6 and the cylindrical radiator 32 are integrated into one structure. This reduces manufacturing difficulty and lowers costs.

[0133] In the implementation where a reflector 6 is connected to the opening end 321, please refer to Figure 13. The reflector 6 includes an arc-shaped reflector 60, which includes an inner arc surface 601. The inner arc surface 601 is positioned facing the center line of the opening end 321. This configuration allows the arc-shaped reflector 60 to be adapted to the shape of the cylindrical radiator 32, reducing the obstruction of the electromagnetic signal M1 by the arc-shaped reflector 60 in the direction of the center line of the opening end 321, thereby reducing energy loss. Furthermore, the configuration of the arc-shaped reflector 60 allows the electromagnetic signal M1 emitted by the electromagnetic antenna 3 to better form a structural beam C with a notch E after being emitted from the opening end 321 to the sub-reflecting surface 21 and reflected by the sub-reflecting surface 21 to the main reflecting surface 11. The notch E will fall at the third through hole 13. For example, the structural beam C is an asymmetrical "crescent-shaped" structural beam as shown in Figure 15. The third through hole 13 is located at the position of the notch E of the structural beam C, thereby reducing the influence of the electromagnetic signal M1 on the optical signal M2 emitted by the optical antenna 5 set at the third through hole 13, and also helping to reduce the energy leakage of the electromagnetic signal M1 at the third through hole 13, thereby reducing the energy loss of the electromagnetic signal M1.

[0134] In the implementation of reflector 6 including arc-shaped reflector 60, the angle between the extending direction of arc-shaped reflector 60 and the center line of opening end 321 is an acute angle. In other words, in the extending direction of the arc-shaped reflector 60, the second end 62 of the arc-shaped reflector 60, which is far away from the opening end 321, is closer to the center line of the opening end 321 than the first end 61 of the arc-shaped reflector 60, which is connected to the opening end 321. In this way, while ensuring that the arc-shaped reflector 60 can block the electromagnetic signal M1 from spreading toward the optical antenna 5, the electromagnetic signal M1 emitted by the electromagnetic antenna 3 can better form a structural beam C with a notch E after being emitted from the opening end 321 to the sub-reflecting surface 21 and reflected by the sub-reflecting surface 21 to the main reflecting surface 11. The notch E will fall at the third through hole 13. For example, the structural beam C is an asymmetrical "crescent-shaped" structural beam as shown in Figure 15. The third through hole 13 is located at the position of the notch E of the structural beam C, thereby reducing the influence of the electromagnetic signal M1 on the optical signal M2 emitted by the optical antenna 5 set at the third through hole 13, and also helping to reduce the energy leakage of the electromagnetic signal M1 at the third through hole 13, thereby reducing the energy loss of the electromagnetic signal M1.

[0135] Alternatively, in the extending direction of the arc-shaped reflector 60, the second end 62 of the arc-shaped reflector 60, which is farther away from the opening end 321, is further away from the centerline of the opening end 321 than the first end 61 of the arc-shaped reflector 60 connected to the opening end 321. This ensures that the arc-shaped reflector 60 can block the electromagnetic signal M1 from spreading towards the optical antenna 5 while reducing the obstruction of the electromagnetic signal M1 by the arc-shaped reflector 60. This allows the electromagnetic signal M1 emitted by the electromagnetic antenna 3 to exit from the opening end 321 to the sub-reflecting surface 21 and pass through the sub-reflecting surface 21. After being reflected onto the main reflecting surface 11, the structure beam C with a notch E can be better formed, and the notch E will fall at the third through hole 13. For example, the structure beam C is an asymmetrical "crescent-shaped" structure beam as shown in Figure 15. The third through hole 13 is located at the position of the notch E of the structure beam C, thereby reducing the influence of the electromagnetic signal M1 on the optical signal M2 emitted by the optical antenna 5 set at the third through hole 13, and helping to reduce the energy leakage of the electromagnetic signal M1 at the third through hole 13, thereby reducing the energy loss of the electromagnetic signal M1.

[0136] In some implementations, referring to Figure 13, the end of the arc-shaped reflector 60 connected to the opening end 321 is the first end 61, and the end of the arc-shaped reflector 60 away from the opening end 321 is the second end 62. From the first end 61 to the second end 62, the radius of the inner arc surface 601 of the arc-shaped reflector 60 decreases. This configuration allows the arc-shaped reflector 60 to focus the electromagnetic signal M1. Thus, when the electromagnetic signal M1 is transmitted along the inner arc surface 601 of the arc-shaped reflector 60 from the first end 61 to the second end 62, the inner arc surface 601 of the arc-shaped reflector 60 enhances the electromagnetic signal M1, prevents fluctuations in the electromagnetic signal M1, and makes the electromagnetic signal M1 more concentrated.

[0137] In some other implementations, referring to Figure 14, the end of the arc-shaped reflector 60 connected to the opening end 321 is designated as the first end 61, and the end of the arc-shaped reflector 60 away from the opening end 321 is designated as the second end 62. From the first end 61 to the second end 62, the radius of the inner arc surface 601 of the arc-shaped reflector 60 tends to increase. Therefore, when the electromagnetic signal M1 is transmitted along the inner arc surface 601 of the arc-shaped reflector 60 from the first end 61 to the second end 62, the obstruction of the electromagnetic signal M1 by the arc-shaped reflector 60 can be reduced, thereby reducing the energy loss of the electromagnetic signal M1.

[0138] This application provides an antenna 10, including a main reflector 1 and a sub-reflector 2. The main reflector 1 has a main reflecting surface 11, and the sub-reflector 2 has a sub-reflecting surface 21. The sub-reflecting surface 21 is disposed facing the main reflecting surface 11, that is, the sub-reflecting surface 21 and the main reflecting surface 11 are disposed facing each other to ensure that the main reflecting surface 11 and the sub-reflecting surface 21 can reflect electromagnetic signal M1 to each other.

[0139] Antenna 10 also includes an electromagnetic antenna 3. The electromagnetic antenna 3 is used to transmit electromagnetic signal M1 to the sub-reflector 21. In this embodiment, the electromagnetic antenna 3 is not limited, as long as it can transmit electromagnetic signal M1. Exemplarily, the electromagnetic antenna 3 includes at least one of the following: a circular array antenna, a loop traveling wave antenna, or the source antenna of a Cassegrain antenna; of course, the electromagnetic antenna 3 may also include other antennas, which are not limited here.

[0140] In the above implementation, the electromagnetic antenna 3 is positioned facing the sub-reflector 21. The main reflector 11 is used to receive the electromagnetic signal M1 from a preset direction and reflect the electromagnetic signal M1 to the sub-reflector 21. The sub-reflector 21 is used to reflect the electromagnetic signal M1 from the main reflector 11 to the electromagnetic antenna 3. The electromagnetic antenna 3 is used to receive the electromagnetic signal M1 reflected by the sub-reflector 21, so that the electromagnetic signal M1 can be received by the electromagnetic antenna 3, thereby achieving signal reception through the electromagnetic antenna 3.

[0141] In some other implementations, the electromagnetic antenna 3 is used to transmit an electromagnetic signal M1 toward the sub-reflector 21. The sub-reflector 21 is used to receive the electromagnetic signal M1 emitted by the electromagnetic antenna 3 and reflect the electromagnetic signal M1 to the main reflector 11. The main reflector 11 is used to receive the electromagnetic signal M1 reflected by the sub-reflector 21 and reflect the electromagnetic signal M1 toward a preset direction, so that the electromagnetic signal M1 can be emitted by the antenna 10, thereby realizing the transmission of the signal through the electromagnetic signal M1.

[0142] In some implementations, the electromagnetic antenna 3 is used to transmit an electromagnetic signal M1 toward the sub-reflector 21 and to receive an electromagnetic signal M1 from the sub-reflector 21. For example, the electromagnetic antenna 3 transmits the electromagnetic signal M1 toward the sub-reflector 21, the sub-reflector 21 receives the electromagnetic signal M1 emitted by the electromagnetic antenna 3 and reflects it to the main reflector 11, the main reflector 11 receives the reflected electromagnetic signal M1 from the sub-reflector 21 and reflects it in a preset direction; and the main reflector 11 receives the electromagnetic signal M1 from the preset direction and reflects it to the sub-reflector 21, and the sub-reflector 21 then reflects the electromagnetic signal M1 from the main reflector 11 back to the electromagnetic antenna 3, which receives the reflected electromagnetic signal M1 from the sub-reflector 21, so that the electromagnetic signal M1 can be received by the electromagnetic antenna 3. In this way, signal transmission and reception can be achieved through the electromagnetic antenna 3.

[0143] The electromagnetic signal M1 has a relatively large transmission bandwidth, making it less sensitive to the shaking of the antenna 10 and less affected by foggy weather conditions. Therefore, using the electromagnetic antenna 3 for signal transmission and / or reception can improve the operational stability of the antenna 10, thereby improving the operational stability of the backhaul network. Furthermore, the reflection from the sub-reflector 21 and the main reflector 11 facilitates control over the reception direction of the electromagnetic signal M1, enabling the electromagnetic antenna 3 to receive the electromagnetic signal M1 more accurately and thus improving the reception effect of the electromagnetic signal M1.

[0144] Antenna 10 also includes an optical antenna 5, which is used to transmit optical signal M2 in a preset direction and / or receive optical signal M2 from the preset direction. This embodiment does not limit the optical antenna 5, as long as it can transmit and / or receive optical signal M2. For example, the optical antenna 5 includes a free-space optical communication (FSO) antenna; however, the optical antenna 5 may also include other antennas, which are not limited here.

[0145] The optical antenna 5 is mounted on the main reflector 1, so that the optical antenna 5 does not need to be installed independently of the electromagnetic antenna 3, thereby making it easier to reduce the size of the antenna 10 and facilitate the miniaturization design of the antenna 10.

[0146] It is understood that the optical antenna 5 can be set on the main reflector 1 in a manner that includes the optical antenna 5 being directly set on the main reflector 1 or the optical antenna 5 being indirectly set on the main reflector 1 through the electromagnetic antenna 3, and no limitation is made here.

[0147] The optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3 are spaced apart. This arrangement avoids interference between the optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3, thereby reducing the difficulty of arranging the optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3. Furthermore, because the optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3 are spaced apart, the mutual influence between the optical signal M2 and the electromagnetic signal M1 can be reduced when the optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3 are working simultaneously, thereby improving the performance and gain of the antenna 10.

[0148] In some embodiments, the optical antenna 5 is used to transmit an optical signal M2 in a preset direction. This configuration allows the optical antenna 5 to transmit the optical signal M2 in the preset direction, thereby achieving signal transmission through the optical antenna 5.

[0149] In other embodiments, the optical antenna 5 is used to receive an optical signal M2 from a preset direction. This configuration allows the optical antenna 5 to receive the optical signal M2 from the preset direction, thereby achieving signal reception via the optical antenna 5.

[0150] In some other embodiments, the optical antenna 5 is used to transmit optical signal M2 in a preset direction and to receive optical signal M2 from the preset direction. This configuration allows for signal transmission and reception via the optical antenna 5.

[0151] The optical signal M2 emitted by the optical antenna 5 has a large transmission capacity and lower loss under heavy rain conditions, meaning that the transmission stability of the optical signal M2 is stronger. Thus, using the optical antenna 5 for signal transmission and / or reception helps to improve the working stability of the antenna 10, thereby improving the working stability of the backhaul network.

[0152] The antenna 10 provided in this embodiment has a main reflector 1 with a main reflective surface 11 and a secondary reflector with a secondary reflective surface 21. The secondary reflective surface 21 faces the main reflective surface 11. Both the optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3 are mounted on the main reflector 1, with the electromagnetic antenna 3 facing the secondary reflective surface 21. The main reflective surface 11 receives an electromagnetic signal M1 from a preset direction and reflects it to the secondary reflective surface 21. The secondary reflective surface 21 then reflects the electromagnetic signal M1 from the main reflector 11 to the electromagnetic antenna 3. The electromagnetic antenna 3 receives the reflected electromagnetic signal M1 from the secondary reflector 21. The optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3 are spaced apart and are used to transmit and / or receive an optical signal M2 from the preset direction. This eliminates the need for separate installation of the optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3, thus reducing the size of the antenna 10 and facilitating its miniaturization.

[0153] Furthermore, the spacing between the optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3 avoids interference between them. This reduces the mutual influence between the optical signal M2 and the electromagnetic signal M1 when the electromagnetic antenna 3 receives the electromagnetic signal M1 while the optical antenna 5 transmits and / or receives the optical signal M2, thereby improving the performance and gain of the antenna 10. Secondly, since the antenna 10 in this embodiment includes both the optical antenna 5 and the electromagnetic antenna 3, they can be used in conjunction to enable the antenna 10 to transmit both the electromagnetic signal M1 and the optical signal M2. This allows the antenna 10 to avoid the risk of network outages under special weather conditions such as fog and rain when using a single transmission method, thus maintaining high-quality transmission throughout the day and improving the stability of the backhaul network.

[0154] The antenna 10 provided in this embodiment includes an electromagnetic antenna 3 and an optical antenna 5. Therefore, the antenna 10 has electromagnetic signal and / or optical signal transmission modes. Thus, the antenna 10 provided in this embodiment can select the signal transmission mode according to usage requirements and usage scenarios such as weather conditions. In some usage scenarios, such as in windy weather, the electromagnetic antenna 3 can be used to transmit electromagnetic signal M1 to reduce the impact of antenna 10 shaking on signal transmission; or in foggy weather, the electromagnetic antenna 3 can be used to transmit electromagnetic signal M1 to improve signal stability; or in rainy weather, the optical antenna 5 can be used to transmit optical signals to improve signal stability.

[0155] Of course, in any of the above-mentioned or other usage scenarios, electromagnetic antenna 3 and optical antenna 5 can be used simultaneously for signal transmission. In this way, by using optical antenna 5 and electromagnetic antenna 3 together, antenna 10 can simultaneously have the transmission mode of electromagnetic signal M1 and the transmission mode of optical signal M2. This allows antenna 10 to avoid the risk of network outage under special weather conditions such as fog and rain when using a single transmission mode, thereby maintaining high-quality transmission at all times and improving the working stability of the backhaul network.

[0156] It is worth noting that the structure and arrangement of the main reflector 1, the sub-reflector 2, the electromagnetic antenna 3, and the optical antenna 5 in this antenna 10 are roughly the same as those in the antenna 10 described above, and can achieve the same technical effect, so they will not be described again here.

[0157] It should be noted that, in the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection or an integral connection; they can also refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0158] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit them; although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some or all of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

[0159] The above description is merely a specific implementation of the embodiments of this application, but the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, include: A main reflector and a sub-reflector, wherein the main reflector has a main reflecting surface and the sub-reflector has a sub-reflecting surface, and the sub-reflecting surface faces the main reflecting surface; An electromagnetic antenna is provided, which is positioned facing the sub-reflector and is used to transmit electromagnetic signals to the sub-reflector. The sub-reflector is used to reflect the electromagnetic signals to the main reflector, and the main reflector is used to reflect the electromagnetic signals in a predetermined direction. An optical antenna is disposed on the main reflector and spaced apart from the electromagnetic antenna. The optical antenna is used to transmit optical signals in the preset direction and / or receive optical signals from the preset direction.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic antenna includes a plurality of radiators spaced apart around a first center line, and the optical antenna is disposed within the arrangement space enclosed by the plurality of radiators; the sub-reflector is provided with a first through hole, and the optical antenna is disposed facing the first through hole.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first center line is collinear with the center of the first through hole.

4. The antenna according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The optical antenna includes an optical antenna body, a first lens, and a second lens. The optical antenna body is disposed within the arrangement space, the first lens is disposed within the first through hole, and the second lens is disposed on the side of the first lens opposite to the optical antenna body. The optical power of the first lens is positive, and the optical power of the second lens is negative.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The focal point of the first lens is located between the first lens and the second lens.

6. The antenna according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The main reflector is provided with a second through hole, and the electromagnetic antenna is positioned facing the second through hole.

7. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main reflector is provided with a second through hole and a third through hole spaced apart. The electromagnetic antenna is positioned facing the second through hole, and the optical antenna is positioned facing the third through hole. In a plane perpendicular to the preset direction, the projection of the third through hole is spaced apart from the projection of the sub-reflector.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The electromagnetic antenna includes a cylindrical radiator with an open end facing the second through hole.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the opening end is elliptical, and the center line of the third through hole intersects the extension of the minor axis of the ellipse.

10. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cross-section of the opening includes a sector shape and a half-ellipse shape. The central angle of the sector shape is 180 degrees. The diameter of the sector shape is collinear with the minor axis of the half-ellipse shape, and the center line of the third through hole intersects with the extension of the minor axis of the half-ellipse shape.

11. The antenna according to any one of claims 8-10, characterized in that, A reflector is connected to the opening end, and the reflector is located on the side of the opening end near the third through hole. The reflector is used to block the electromagnetic signal from spreading toward the optical antenna.

12. The antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that, The reflector includes an arc-shaped reflector, which includes an inner arc surface that faces the centerline of the opening end.

13. The antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that, The angle between the extension direction of the arc-shaped reflector and the center line of the opening end is an acute angle.

14. The antenna according to claim 13, characterized in that, The end of the arc-shaped reflector connected to the opening end is the first end, and the end of the arc-shaped reflector away from the opening end is the second end. In the direction from the first end to the second end, the radius of the inner arc surface tends to increase or decrease.

15. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The sub-reflector includes multiple sub-reflectors located on the same plane and arranged in an array. The sub-reflecting surface includes the surfaces of the multiple sub-reflectors facing the main reflecting surface.

16. An antenna, characterized in that, include: A main reflector and a secondary reflector, wherein the main reflector has a main reflecting surface and the secondary reflector has a secondary reflecting surface, the secondary reflecting surface is disposed facing the main reflecting surface, and the main reflecting surface is used to receive electromagnetic signals from a preset direction and reflect the electromagnetic signals to the secondary reflecting surface; An electromagnetic antenna is provided, which is positioned facing the sub-reflecting surface. The sub-reflecting surface is used to reflect the electromagnetic signal to the electromagnetic antenna, and the electromagnetic antenna is used to receive the electromagnetic signal. An optical antenna is disposed on the main reflector and spaced apart from the electromagnetic antenna. The optical antenna is used to transmit optical signals in the preset direction and / or receive optical signals from the preset direction.

17. The antenna according to claim 16, characterized in that, The electromagnetic antenna includes a plurality of radiators spaced apart around a first center line, and the optical antenna is disposed within the arrangement space enclosed by the plurality of radiators; the sub-reflector is provided with a first through hole, and the optical antenna is disposed facing the first through hole.

18. The antenna according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The optical antenna includes an optical antenna body, a first lens, and a second lens. The optical antenna body is disposed within the arrangement space, the first lens is disposed within the first through hole, and the second lens is disposed on the side of the first lens opposite to the optical antenna body. The optical power of the first lens is negative, and the optical power of the second lens is positive.

19. The antenna according to claim 18, characterized in that, The focal point of the second lens is located between the first lens and the second lens.

20. The antenna according to any one of claims 17-19, characterized in that, The main reflector is provided with a second through hole, and the electromagnetic antenna is positioned facing the second through hole.

21. The antenna according to claim 16, characterized in that, The main reflector is provided with a second through hole and a third through hole spaced apart. The electromagnetic antenna is positioned facing the second through hole, and the optical antenna is positioned facing the third through hole. In a plane perpendicular to the preset direction, the projection of the third through hole is spaced apart from the projection of the sub-reflector.

22. The antenna according to claim 21, characterized in that, The electromagnetic antenna includes a cylindrical radiator with an open end facing the second through hole.

23. The antenna according to claim 22, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the opening end is elliptical, and the center line of the third through hole intersects the extension of the minor axis of the ellipse.

24. The antenna according to claim 22, characterized in that, The cross-section of the opening includes a sector shape and a half-ellipse shape. The central angle of the sector shape is 180 degrees. The diameter of the sector shape is collinear with the minor axis of the half-ellipse shape, and the center line of the third through hole intersects with the extension of the minor axis of the half-ellipse shape.

25. The antenna according to any one of claims 22-24, characterized in that, A reflector is connected to the opening end, and the reflector is located on the side of the opening end near the third through hole. The reflector is used to block the electromagnetic signal from spreading toward the optical antenna.

26. The antenna according to claim 25, characterized in that, The reflector includes an arc-shaped reflector, which includes an inner arc surface that faces the centerline of the opening end.

27. The antenna according to claim 26, characterized in that, The angle between the extension direction of the arc-shaped reflector and the center line of the opening end is an acute angle.

28. The antenna according to claim 27, characterized in that, The end of the arc-shaped reflector connected to the opening end is the first end, and the end of the arc-shaped reflector away from the opening end is the second end. In the direction from the first end to the second end, the radius of the inner arc surface tends to increase or decrease.

29. The antenna according to any one of claims 16-28, characterized in that, The sub-reflector includes multiple sub-reflectors located on the same plane and arranged in an array. The sub-reflecting surface includes the surfaces of the multiple sub-reflectors facing the main reflecting surface.

30. An antenna system, characterized in that, include: The control device and the antenna according to any one of claims 1-15 or the antenna according to any one of claims 16-29, wherein the control device is connected to the electromagnetic antenna and the optical antenna.

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