Column shoe, buffer, reinforced connection, method for making a column

Abstract

A column shoe (1) for the fixation of a column (4) to a base (5) comprises a base plate (10) which has a connection opening (20) suitable for being penetrated by a connection rod (50) from the base (5) and at least one pair of threaded holes (31, 32) that are suitable for being engaged by a pair of reinforcing bars (41, 42) of the column (4). A buffer (81, 82) for making a structural element in a casting step, which buffer is suitable for occupying the space intended to form a recess suitable for at least partially accommodating a column shoe (1) and for being removed from the casting once the structural element has been made. A reinforced connection (7) between a column (4) and a base (5) comprises at least one connection rod (50) of the base (5), at least one pair of reinforcing bars (41, 42) of the column (4), at least one column shoe (1) according to the invention, which connects the connection rod (50) to the pair of reinforcing bars (41, 42).

Description

"COLUMN SHOE , BUFFER, REINFORCED CONNECTION , METHOD FORMAKING A COLUMN" DESCRIPTIONField of application

[0001] The present invention relates to a column shoe for the fixation of reinforced concrete columns to a base or a foundation, or for j oining two portions of a column . Prior art

[0002] In the construction sector, reinforced connection systems are known that are suitable for anchoring those columns that form the vertical skeleton of the structure to the base thereof .

[0003] Some known solutions consist of shoes consisting of a base plate and two side plates , arranged at the side edges of the base plate , which extend orthogonally with respect thereto and which protrude upwards at right angles . The side plates are usually part of a monolithic element that is distinct from the base plate , said element being bent and welded thereto at said edges . In other cases , the side plates are two separate plates that are welded to the base plate at the edges .

[0004] A hole is formed in the base plate that is suitable for being penetrated by a reinforcing barprotruding from the base , usually an anchor bolt protruding from a foundation .

[0005] Often, moreover, as for example described in document EP3851601A1 , the side plates are further strengthened with other reinforcing elements , such as anchor bars and rear connection means , that are suitable for anchoring the shoe to the reinforced concrete column and transmitting the forces involved between the column and foundations . Such reinforcing elements are also welded to the side plates and / or the base plate .

[0006] Disadvantageously, these solutions require a series of successive processes such as cutting, bending, and welding, and are therefore also very expensive .

[0007] Disadvantageously, furthermore , the column shoes that are typical of prior art are particularly bulky and di f ficult to stack .

[0008] Disadvantageously, moreover, the column shoes that are typical of prior art are negatively influenced by defects that are potentially present in the various welds that are envisaged .

[0009] Disadvantageously, furthermore , the column shoes that are typical of the prior art require the use of systems that are suitable for leaving a space freeof the concrete of the column, that is sufficient to be able to insert and lock the base bar, and such space requires a large maneuvering volume.Summary of the invention

[0010] There appears therefore to be a significant need to provide a column shoe that can overcome those drawbacks that are typical of the prior art.

[0011] In particular, the object of the present invention is to provide a column shoe that is simple to manufacture and has a reduced number of components.

[0012] A further object of the present invention is to provide a column shoe that is of small encumbrance and that is easily and comfortably storable and transportable .

[0013] A further object of the present invention is to provide a column shoe that is also suitable for use as a joint between two superimposed column trunks.

[0014] A further object of the present invention is to provide a column shoe suitable for being used to make a reinforced connection using non-perf ectly aligned reinforcing bars.

[0015] This need is satisfied by a column shoe, a buffer, a reinforced connection, and a method for making a reinforced connection according to the appended independent claims. The claims dependentthereon describe preferred or advantageous embodiments of the invention, comprising further advantageous features .Description of the drawings

[0016] The features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description below of some preferred embodiments , given by way of indicative and non-limiting example , with re ference to the attached figures , wherein :Figure 1 is a perspective view of a column shoe according to one embodiment of the present invention;Figure 2 is a perspective view of a column shoe according to one embodiment of the present invention;Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a reinforced column-base connection in one embodiment of the present invention;Figure 4 is a plan view of a column shoe in one embodiment of the present invention;Figure 5 is a plan view of a column shoe in a second embodiment of the present invention ;Figure 6 is a plan view of a column shoe in a third embodiment of the present invention;Figure 7 is a plan view of a column shoe in a forth embodiment of the present invention;Figure 8 is a plan view of a column shoe in afi fth embodiment of the present invention;Figure 9 is a plan view of a column shoe in a sixth embodiment of the present invention;Figure 10 is a schematic representation of a reinforced column-base connection in one embodiment of the present invention;Figure 11 is an enlarged view of the schematic representation in Figure 10 ;Figure 12 is a schematic representation of a plurality of reinforcing bars , whereupon buf fers are fitted for occupying a volume surrounding said reinforcing bars during the column casting step ;Figures 13a and 13b show two perspective views of an angular buf fer that is suitable for being used for the casting of a column in one embodiment of the present invention, in particular for leaving a portion surrounding the reinforcing bars and the column shoe free of concrete ;Figures 14a and 14b are two perspective views of a side buf fer that is suitable for being used for the casting of a column in one embodiment of the present invention, in particular for leaving a portion surrounding the reinforcing bars , and the column shoe fitted onto said bars , free of concrete ;Figure 15 is a perspective view of a column shoein one embodiment of the present invention ;Figure 16 is a plan view of the column shoe o f Figure 15 ;Figure 17 is a perspective view of a column shoe in a further embodiment of the present invention;Figure 18 is a plan view of the column shoe o f Figure 17 ;Figure 19 is a schematic perspective view of a reinforced column-base connection in one embodiment of the invention;Figure 20 is a plan view of the reinforced columnbase connection of Figure 19 ;Figure 21 is a schematic perspective view of the reinforced column-base connection in a further embodiment of the invention;Figure 22 is a plan view of the reinforced columnbase connection of Figure 21 ;Figure 23 is a schematic perspective view of a reinforced column-base connection in a further embodiment of the invention;Figure 24 is a plan view of the reinforced columnbase connection of Figure 23 ;Figure 25 is a perspective view of a column-base connection wherein buf fers are fitted to the reinforcing bars in order to occupy a volumesurrounding said reinforcing bars during the column casting step .Detailed description

[0017] With reference to the aforesaid figures , a column shoe 1 for the fixation of a column 4 to a base 5 , such as a foundation 5 or an underlying column trunk, is indicated in the entirety thereof with the reference numeral 1 .

[0018] According to the present invention, this column shoe 1 comprises a base plate 10 in which a connection opening 20 is obtained that is suitable for being penetrated by a connection rod 50 from the base 5 , for example from the foundation or from the underlying column trunk in the case of a j oint between column trunks . For example , with reference to Figures 3 or 10 , the connection rod 50 is an anchor bolt 50 originating from a foundation 5 .

[0019] Furthermore , according to the invention, this column shoe 1 comprises at least one pair of threaded holes 31 , 32 and comprises a pair of reinforcing bars 41 , 42 which are engageable in this pair of threaded holes 31 , 32 and suitable for being embedded in the column 4 .

[0020] The reinforcing bars 41, 42 of this pair are preferably additional completion bars with respect to the reinforcing bars of the column, i.e., they are reinforcing bars to be superimposed thereupon.

[0021] In one embodiment, the reinforcing bars 41, 42 and the connection rod 50, in an installation condition with a column shoe, are arranged perpendicular to the base plate 10.

[0022] That is to say that in defining the plate plane P as a plane defined by the greater extension of the base plate, the threaded holes 31, 32 and the connection opening 20 are through holes that are perpendicular to this plate plane P.

[0023] The plate plane P is any plane parallel to an upper surface 101 or lower surface 102 of the base plate 10, for example it is the plane whereupon the upper surface 101 lies, or the plane whereupon the lower surface 102 lies, or is the centerline plane between said upper surface 101 and lower surface 102.

[0024] Preferably, therefore, the threaded holes 31, 32 and the connection opening 20 extend perpendicularly to this plate plane P between the upper surface 101 and the lower surface 102, in a through manner.

[0025] In an advantageous embodiment, the column shoe 1 consists exclusively of said base plate 10 and said pair of reinforcing bars 41, 42. That is to say that in one advantageous embodiment, the column shoe 1 does not comprise additional components that are welded onto said base plate.

[0026] It is clear that such base plate, which forms the column shoe, requires a connection between the reinforcing bars 41, 42 and the threaded holes 31, 32. That is to say that in the complete and assembled form, the column shoe 1 comprises the base plate 10 and at least the reinforcing bars 41, 42 screwed into the threaded holes 31, 32 thereof.

[0027] Advantageously, therefore, the column shoe according to this embodiment is of a decidedly reduced footprint compared to the column shoes of the prior art and at the same time is simpler to manufacture. In fact, since the base plate 10 and the reinforcing bars 41, 42 are separately supplied, in a disassembled condition, this solution is of a smaller footprint than the column shoes of the prior art.

[0028] It is clear that the reinforced connection is then implemented by engaging the column shoe on thereinforcing bars and by connecting said shoe to the connection rod (bottom end) originating from the base.

[0029] Advantageously, therefore, the reinforced connection may be made either using full-length threaded bars with reinforced concrete reinforcing bars, for example also using reinforcing bars that are left over from other projects and widely available from manufacturers of columns or other reinforced concrete elements, which then only need to be threaded.

[0030] In one embodiment, with reference to the exemplary embodiments of Figures 4 to 7 and 17, 18, an auxiliary threaded hole 33 is formed in the base plate 10, which auxiliary threaded hole is suitable for engaging a third reinforcing bar 43 that is suitable for being embedded in the column 4.

[0031] Advantageously, the third connection with the third reinforcing bar 43 is such to balance the moments generated by the anchor bolt, which would otherwise cause said piece to rotate when the shoe is arranged at the corner of the column.

[0032] In one embodiment, the column shoe consists exclusively of the base plate 10, the pair of reinforcing bars 41, 42, and the third reinforcing bar 43.

[0033] In one embodiment, the column shoe 1 is symmetrical at least with respect to a plane of symmetry S orthogonal to the plate plane P.

[0034] In one embodiment, the auxiliary threaded hole 33 extends along a hole axis lying on the plane of symmetry S.

[0035] In one embodiment, the connection opening 20 extends along an opening axis lying on the plane of symmetry S.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the auxiliary threaded hole 33 is aligned with the connection opening 20 along said plane of symmetry S, i.e., it extends about the hole axis thereof also lying on the plane of symmetry .

[0037] In one embodiment, the column shoe is suitable for being applied in the form of an angular column shoe at the edge of a column.

[0038] The column shoe 1 and in particular the base plate 10 may assume many varied shapes depending upon the applications. Figures 4 to 10 show some examples of such shapes.

[0039] In one embodiment, for example, the base plate 10 is in the shape of a prism with a square base or a rectangular base or a rhomboidal base or apolygonal base, or is in the shape of a cylinder or truncated cone (not shown) .

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, with reference to the embodiment of Figures 1, 2 and 4, the base plate 10 has a substantially rhomboidal shape with a truncated corner 100, i.e., it has a diamond shape. That is, the base plate 10 has a side wall extending on five sides, including two pairs of sides having the same dimension therebetween and a side having a dimension that is much smaller than such dimension.

[0041] The connection opening 2 is preferably obtained in the base plate 10 in a position adjacent to the truncated edge 100.

[0042] In a variant, the auxiliary threaded hole 33 is formed in the plate in proximity to a sharp edge 103 opposite said truncated corner 100.

[0043] In one embodiment, the threaded holes 31, 32 have the same diameter DI .

[0044] In one embodiment, the auxiliary threaded hole 33 has a diameter D3 smaller than the diameter DI of the threaded holes 31, 32.

[0045] In one embodiment, the connection opening 20 has an opening diameter D2 that is greater than the diameter DI of the threaded holes 31, 32.

[0046] In an advantageous variant , the diameter D2 is defined by the si ze of the anchor bolt 50 to be accommodated plus a mounting clearance of between 2 and 20 mm, preferably between 2 and 10mm .

[0047] Fo r example , i f the opening is to accommodate an anchor bolt of 20 mm in diameter, the connection opening 20 has a diameter D2 of between 22 and 40 mm, preferably between 22 and 30 mm .

[0048] It is clear that the connection opening 20 and the pair of threaded holes 31 , 32 are obtained in the base plate 10 in predetermined positions so that loads originating from the column 4 are balanced by the constraints originating from the base 5 and so that the moments acting upon the structure are reduced .

[0049] Preferably, said threaded holes and the connection opening are obtained so that the moments acting upon the structure are completely canceled .

[0050] In one embodiment , having defined the centers Cl and C2 of each of the threaded holes 31 , 32 , the center CO of the connection opening 20 and the center C3 of the auxiliary threaded hole 33 , the straight line passing through Cl and C2 and the straight line passing through CO and C3 are orthogonal to each other .

[0051] In one embodiment, the straight line passing through the center Cl and the center CO (or through the center C2 and the center CO) forms with the plane of symmetry S a first angle a of between 55° and 65°, preferably equal to 60°.

[0052] In one embodiment, the straight line passing through the center Cl and the center C3 (or through the center C2 and the center C3) forms with the plane of symmetry S a second angle p of between 25° and 35°, preferably equal to 30°.

[0053] In one embodiment, at least one additional connection opening 21 is obtained in the base plate 10.

[0054] In one embodiment, a plurality of connecting openings 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and any further openings, are obtained in the base plate 10, all suitable for being penetrated by bars originating from the base or from foundations, preferably aligned with each other along the plate plane and equidistant.

[0055] In general, the column shoe 1 may comprise an unlimited number of connection openings 20, from two to as many as may be used for the specific application(without limitation in number) .

[0056] In one embodiment, with reference to Figure 9, five connecting openings 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 are obtained in the base plate 10.

[0057] The pair of threaded holes 31, 32 define an alignment direction R passing through the centers Cl, C2 thereof. Said alignment direction is preferably perpendicular to the plane of symmetry S.

[0058] In one embodiment, with reference to the examples in Figure 8 and Figure 9, the center CO of the connection opening 20 is aligned with the centers Cl, C2 of said threaded holes 31, 32, i.e. it belongs to the same alignment direction R.

[0059] In one embodiment, the connection opening 20 is interposed between the threaded holes 31, preferably along said alignment direction R.

[0060] In one embodiment, the plane of symmetry S passes through the center CO of the connection opening 20.

[0061] In one embodiment, the column shoe 1 comprises a plurality of connection openings 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 (or more) , aligned with each other along an opening direction A.

[0062] In one embodiment, the column shoe 1 comprises a plurality of threaded holes 31, 32, 31',32' (or more) aligned with each other along a hole direction F.

[0063] These embodiments are preferably suitable for being applied to the peripheral sides of the column and for transmitting loads originating from the column by means of a single base plate having multiple openings and holes.

[0064] The hole direction F is preferably parallel to the opening direction A. Preferably, these directions are perpendicular to the plane of symmetry S and lie on the plate plane P.

[0065] Preferably, in these embodiments, with reference for example to Figure 9, further auxiliary threaded holes 36, 37, 38, 39 are obtained in the plate .

[0066] The auxiliary threaded holes are preferably a first auxiliary threaded hole 36 and a second auxiliary threaded hole 37 arranged in a first direction M and preferably a third auxiliary threaded hole 38 and preferably a fourth auxiliary threaded hole 39 arranged in a second direction N.

[0067] In an advantageous embodiment, the first direction M is parallel to the second direction N andpreferably parallel to the opening direction A and to the hole direction F.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment, the column shoe 1 has an inner side 12 suitable for facing towards the inner volume of the column 4 and an outer side 14 suitable for facing towards the perimeter of the column 4.

[0069] In one embodiment, considering a direction V that proceeds from the outside of the column inwards, i.e., from the outer side 14 to the inner side 12, on the base plate 10 the directions of arrangement of the openings and holes are met in the following order: hole direction F, opening direction A, first direction M, second direction N.

[0070] In one embodiment, the first auxiliary hole 36 and the second auxiliary hole 37 are the threaded holes arranged closest to the perimeter of the base plate 10.

[0071] In one embodiment, with reference to Figures 15 and 16, the base plate has at least partially chamfered side walls.

[0072] In one embodiment, the base plate 10 has chamfers 121, 122 on the inner side 12.

[0073] Preferably, the chamfers 121, 122 are walls inclined by 45 degrees with respect to the direction defined by the outer side 14.

[0074] Advantageously, in the embodiments illustrated in Figures 15 to 18, the column shoe is suitable for being used to create reinforced connections between structural elements with non- aligned reinforcing bars.

[0075] For example, as shown in Figures 19 to 24, the column shoe is applicable to a structural connection, such as between a column and a base or a foundation, wherein the reinforcing bars 70 and the anchor bolts 50 are misaligned with respect to the vertical direction.

[0076] This advantageously confers greater design flexibility and greater applicability for the solution with respect to commonly used structural connections.

[0077] In an alternative embodiment, shown for example in Figures 23 and 24, the column shoe 1 comprises a base plate 10 and reinforcing bars 41, 42 welded to the base plate 10, in particular to the sides thereof .

[0078] Preferably, in this embodiment, the base plate 10 has a trapezoidal-shaped, isoscelestrapezoidal cross-section in plan view, having as oblique sides the sides to which said reinforcing bars 41, 42 are welded. In other words, the reinforcing bars41, 42 are welded to the oblique sides of said isosceles trapezoid.

[0079] In this embodiment, the base plate has no threaded openings but only one or more connection openings 20 for accommodating one or more connection rods 50, e.g., anchor bolts.

[0080] In one embodiment, the column shoe 1 is provided directly with a pair of reinforcing bars 41, 42 and possibly a third reinforcing bar 43 that is either screwed or to be screwed during the assembly of a reinforced column. That is to say that in one embodiment, the column shoe comprises said pair of reinforcing bars 41, 42 and possibly the third reinforcing bar 43.

[0081] It is clear that in embodiments comprising a plurality of additional reinforcing bars, this concept also applies to one or more of such reinforcing bars.

[0082] In one embodiment, the reinforcing bars 41,42, 43 are reinforcing bars with improved adhesion for concrete, wherein preferably one end has been threaded in order to be screwed into the plate 10.

[0083] The present invention also relates to a buffer 81, 82 for making a structural element in a casting step, which buffer is suitable for occupying a space intended to remain free from concrete during said column concrete casting so as to allow a connecting rod 50 access to a column shoe 1 and to allow the maneuvering of a locking nut 75 thereupon, and suitable for being removed from the casting once the structural element has been made.

[0084] In one embodiment the nut 75 is or may be integrated into the buffers 81 and 82 during the step of producing the buffers themselves.

[0085] In an advantageous embodiment, the buffer is made of a reusable material, such as polyurethane. In any case, the buffer may be made of any material suitable for the application.

[0086] In one embodiment, the buffer 81, 82 comprises a main body 8 in which suitable seats 830, 840, 850 are obtained that are suitable for accommodating reinforcing bars 41, 42 and a column shoe 1 according to the present invention.

[0087] In one embodiment, with reference to Figure 25, an auxiliary seat 860 is obtained in the main body8 for accommodating an auxiliary reinforcing bar 43.

[0088] Preferably, the seat 850, which is suitable for at least partially accommodating the column shoe 1, is a recess 850 that communicates with the seats 830, 840 for the reinforcing bars 41, 42.

[0089] That is to say that these seats are the negative of the objects that they must incorporate and are suitable for constraining themselves thereto by shape coupling.

[0090] During the step of casting a column 4, the formwork is provided with one or more column shoes 1 according to the present invention, in which the reinforcing bars 41, 42 and possibly the third reinforcing bar 43 are screwed. The buffer 81, 82 is fitted at the joint between the reinforcing bars 41, 42 and the column shoe 1, and then the casting is made.

[0091] Once the casting is completed, the buffer 81, 82 is removed, thereby generating the space for introducing the connection rod 50 into the connection opening 20 of the column shoe and for tightening a nut 75 onto the anchor bolt so as to lock the joint.

[0092] The invention also relates to a reinforced connection 7 between a column 4 and a base 5. This base 5 may be a foundation 5 or a second column trunk 5.

[0093] This reinforced connection 7 comprises:

[0094] - at least one connection rod 50 originating from the base 5; said connection rod 50 may be an anchor bolt 50 in the case of a foundation 5 or a threaded bar 50 in the case of a second column trunk 5.

[0095] - at least one pair of reinforcing bars 41, 42 originating from the column 4;

[0096] - at least one column shoe 1 connecting said connection rod 50 and said pair of reinforcing bars 41, 42.

[0097] Preferably, the reinforced connection 7 also comprises at least one nut 75 fitted onto the connection rod 50 and suitable for being maneuvered so as to tighten the joint of the reinforced connection 7, i.e. to lock the column shoe 1 on the connection rod 50.

[0098] In an advantageous embodiment, the reinforced connection 7 also comprises a second nut in addition to the nut 75, wherein one thereof is clamped above the base plate 10 of the column shoe 1 and the other below the base plate 10.

[0099] In one embodiment, for example with reference to Figures 3 and 11, the reinforced connection 7 also comprises a primary reinforcement 70 of the column, comprising bars, and optionally comprising a transversecage 72 for containing the column. The transverse cage72 comprises a series of peripheral reinforcing bars 720 that peripherally surround the column at different heights thereof, transversely to the primary reinforcement 70.

[0100] In an advantageous embodiment, the reinforced connection 7 comprises a primary reinforcement 70 comprising longitudinal bars 700 which extend parallel to a longitudinal extension direction Y of the column 4 and which are misaligned in this longitudinal direction Y with respect to the reinforcing bars 41, 42 and the connection rods 50.

[0101] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a method for making a column 4 according to the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0102] - providing a formwork with one or more column shoes 1 according to the present invention, in which reinforcing bars 41, 42 are screwed;

[0103] - fitting a buffer 81, 82 according to the present invention at the joint between the reinforcing bars 41, 42 and the column shoe 1, so that the buffer is removable from the column 4 once the casting is made ;

[0104] - pouring concrete into the formwork in order to make the column 4 and waiting for it to solidi fy;

[0105] - removing the buf fer 81 , 82 by extracting it from the casting, thereby generating space for introducing the connection rod 50 into the connection opening 20 of the column shoe 1 and generating space for tightening a nut 75 on the anchor bolt to lock the j oint .

[0106] Innovatively, the present invention solves the drawbacks of the column shoes that are typical of the prior art .

[0107] Advantageously, in fact , the column shoe according to the present invention is simple to manufacture and requires the use of a limited number of resources and processing operations .

[0108] Advantageously, the column shoe according to the present invention is suitable for providing a stable reinforced connection between a column and a foundation . At the same time , this column shoe i s also suitable for generating a reinforced connection between two superimposed column trunks . This application renders the column shoe particularly versatile and suitable for allowing the installation of large columns which would be too long and heavy to transport as asingle piece, thereby allowing for the lengthwise joining of superimposed sections or trunks.

[0109] According to a further advantage, the column shoe has a reduced footprint compared to the column shoes of the prior art.

[0110] This advantageous feature also has a positive impact upon ease of storage and transportation. Occupancy of the available volume of transport containers is optimized and may be managed in a more controlled manner.

[0111] According to an even further advantage, the column shoe is lighter than the solutions that already exist in the art.

[0112] Advantageously, the base plate may be made in batches, by the simple cutting of plates according to the desired shapes and the subsequent cutting of the opening and of the holes and threading thereof. This object is therefore suitable for mass production.

[0113] According to a further advantage, the buffers according to the present invention make it possible to leave space free for the intended maneuvering and joining of the reinforcing bars to the anchor bolts by means of the column shoe during the casting step.

[0114] Furthermore, advantageously, the use of a reusable buffer material allows for simple removal of the buffers following the casting step and the recycling of the buffers for subsequent castings.

[0115] According to a further advantage, in order to avoid concrete filling in those areas that are to be left free for the passage of anchor bolts and for the maneuvering of joint clamping nuts, the use of these buffers makes it possible to avoid arranging column shoes together with additional plates orthogonal to the base plate.

[0116] Advantageously, the column shoe according to the invention is versatile and lends itself to being configured at each peripheral position of the column, both lateral and angular, as well as being shaped in many varied forms, depending upon the application and aesthetic requirements of the column itself.

[0117] Advantageously, the column shoe may also be used generically for attaching structural elements other than classic columns to foundations, such as vertical partitions, vertical circular structures, and others .

[0118] Advantageously, moreover, the column shoe lends itself to being used with common, previouslythreaded reinforcing bars, or with improved adhesion bars that only need to be threaded at one end.

[0119] That is to say that these column shoes may also be used with widely availability reclaimed reinforcing bars.

[0120] Advantageously, the base plates may be provided separately from the threaded bars, with a consequent advantage in terms of the transportation and storage of the same components.

[0121] It is clear that, to the embodiments of the column shoe, the buffer and the reinforced connection, a person skilled in the art, in order to meet specific needs, could make variations or substitutions of elements with functionally equivalent ones.

[0122] These variants are also contained within the scope of protection as defined by the following claims. Moreover, each variant described as belonging to a possible embodiment may be implemented independently of the other variants described.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A column shoe (1) for the fixation of a column (4) to a base (5) , for example to a foundation (5) or a second column trunk, said column shoe (1) comprising a base plate (10) in which a connection opening (20) is obtained, suitable for being penetrated by a connection rod (50) from the base (5) , for example an anchor bolt (50) , and at least a pair of threaded holes (31, 32) , and comprising a pair of reinforcing bars (41, 42) engageable in said pair of threaded holes (31, 32) and suitable for being embedded in the column (4) .

2. Column shoe (1) according to claim 1, consisting only of said base plate (10) and said pair of reinforcing bars (41, 42) .

3. Column shoe (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an auxiliary threaded hole (33) suitable for engaging a third reinforcing bar (43) which is suitable for being embedded in the column (4) , is obtained in said base plate (10) .

4. Column shoe (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the base plate (10) defines a plate plane (S) , and wherein said column shoe (1) is symmetrical at least to a plane of symmetry (S) orthogonal to the plate plane (P) .

5. Column shoe (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the base plate (10) is in the shape of a prism with a square base or rectangular base or rhomboid base or polygonal base, or is in the shape of a cylinder or a truncated cone.

6. Column shoe (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one additional connection opening (21) is obtained in the base plate (10) .

7. Column shoe (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pair of threaded holes (31, 32) defines an alignment direction (R) passing through the centers (Cl, C2) of each of said threaded holes (31, 32) and wherein the center (CO) of the connection opening (20) also belongs to said alignment direction (R) and said connection opening (20) is interposed therebetween along said alignment direction (R) •8. Column shoe (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the base plate (10) is substantially rhomboidal in shape with a truncated corner (100) and wherein the connection opening (2) is obtained in the base plate (10) in a position near to the truncated corner (100) .

9. Column shoe (1) according to claim 3, wherein, with the centers (Cl) and (C2) of each of the threaded holes (31, 32) , the center (CO) of the connection opening(20) , and the center (C3) of the auxiliary threaded hole (33) being defined, the straight line passing through (Cl) and (C2) and the straight line passing through (CO) and (C3) are orthogonal to each other.

10. Column shoe (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of connection openings (20, 21, 22, 23, 24) , preferably equally spaced apart from one another and aligned along an opening direction (A) lying on the plate plane (P) , is obtained in the base plate (10) .

11. Column shoe (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the column shoe (1) has an inner side (12) suitable for facing towards the inner volume of the column (4) and an outer side (14) suitable for facing towards the perimeter of the column (4) , and wherein the base plate (10) has chamfers (121, 122) on the inner side (12) , wherein the chamfers (121, 122) are walls inclined by 45 degrees with respect to the direction defined by the outer side (14) .

12. A buffer (81, 82) for making a structural element in a casting step, suitable for occupying a space intended to remain free from concrete to allow aconnection rod (50) to access a column shoe (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, and at least one tightening nut (75) to be maneuvered thereon, and suitable for being removed from the casting once the structural element has been obtained, said buffer (81, 82) comprising a main body (8) in which suitable seats (830, 840, 850) are obtained, said seats being suitable for accommodating reinforcing bars (41, 42) and said column shoe (1) .

13. Buffer (81, 82) according to the preceding claim, wherein the seat (850) suitable for at least partially accommodating the column shoe (1) is a recess (850) communicating with the seats (830, 840) for the reinforcing bars (41, 42) .

14. A reinforced connection (7) between a column (4) and a base (5) , for example a foundation (5) or a second column trunk, comprising:- at least one connection rod (50) from the base (5) , said connection rod (50) being, for example, an anchor bolt (50) of a foundation (5) or a threaded bar of a second column trunk;- at least a pair of reinforcing bars (41, 42) from the column ( 4 ) ;- at least one column shoe (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, which connects said connection rod (50)and said pair of reinforcing bars (41, 42) .

15. Reinforced connection (7) according to claim 14, wherein the column (4) extends predominantly in a longitudinal direction (Y) and comprises a primary reinforcement (70) comprising longitudinal bars (700) which extend parallel to said longitudinal direction(Y) and which are misaligned in this longitudinal direction (Y) with respect to the reinforcing bars (41, 42) and the connection rods (50) .

16. Reinforced connection (7) according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the column shoe (1) has an inner side (12) facing towards the inner volume of the column (4) and an outer side (14) facing towards the perimeter of the column (4) , and wherein the base plate (10) has chamfers (121, 122) on the inner side (12) .

17. A method for making a column (4) , comprising the following steps:- providing a formwork with one or more column shoes (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, in which reinforcing bars (41, 42) are screwed;- fitting a buffer (81, 82) according to claim 12 or 13 at the joint between the reinforcing bars (41, 42) and the column shoe (1) so that the buffer is removable from the column (4) once the casting is performed;- pouring concrete into the formwork to make the column(4) and wait for it to solidify;- removing the buffer (81, 82) by extracting it from the casting, thereby generating the space for introducing the connection rod (50) into the connection opening (20) of the column shoe (1) and generating the space for tightening a nut (75) on the anchor bolt to lock the joint.

18. A column shoe (1) for the fixation of a column (4) to a base (5) , for example to a foundation (5) or a second column trunk, said column shoe (1) comprising a base plate (10) in which a connection opening (20) is obtained, suitable for being penetrated by a connection rod (50) from the base (5) , for example an anchor bolt (50) , and a pair of reinforcing bars (41, 42) which are welded to said base plate (10) and suitable for being embedded in the column (4) .

19. Column shoe (1) according to claim 18, wherein the base plate (10) has an isosceles trapezoidal shape in plan view, wherein the reinforcing bars (41, 42) are welded to the oblique sides of said isosceles trapezoid .

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