Device and method for a cyclic heat engine (WKM) having two working media - co 2 and a liquid, preferably hydraulic oil - for generating mechanical power using heat with a temperature of +31°c or less

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and to a method for a cyclic heat engine (WKM) having two working media for generating mechanical power using heat with a temperature of +31°C or less. With a low heat input of +31°C or less, the heat engine is intended to permit an increase in volume and a build-up of pressure of the working medium CO2, and, by transfer to hydraulic oil, to generate mechanical power using a hydraulic motor. A thin-walled corrugated bellows serves as a piston for the volume changes. With respect to energy input and energy output, the heat engine has the physical potential for a coefficient of performance of 72, without taking into account technical losses. The heat engine is used for generating electricity using solar heat, geothermal heat, air heat, and heat from bodies of water. Waste heat from industrial processes, inter alia, can also be used.

Description

[0001] 3004“2025“4190780 - H a PP ö -0010 PCT / DE2025 / 000047 Description The invention is a device and method for periodically operating a heat engine (HEA) with two CO2 and preferably hydraulic oil for generating mechanical power with heat at a temperature of +3 °C or less. The HEA is a continuous cycle process, a steam power process with water / steam, or an ORC process with an organic compound.The ORC process also operates at temperatures of +8 °C and higher. For obvious uses of CO2, utilizing low-temperature heat to generate mechanical power on suitable materials, a gas expansion engine with CO2 and a piston is described in WO2019206355A1. In DE 10201601 2271 Al, a carbon dioxide engine with a CO2-driven piston is coupled with a double-acting hydraulic cylinder. The oil pressure is used to drive a rotary pump to generate electricity. For the utilization of solar heat and waste heat, low-temperature operation is described in WKM with liquid CO2 and piston units WO2012100275A3. WO2009082773A3 describes a heat engine with cylinders with two pistons on an axis. The known WKM uses CO2 and a system sealed against the atmosphere.EP0061897B1 describes a method and apparatus for converting internal energy into mechanical energy by moving the diaphragm. CN1 13882920A Open CO2 Brayton cooling and power generation system. DE 102018001 105Al apparatus and method for a thermo-gas engine with CO2 and a heat pump process. US10502099B2 describes a system and method for power generation based on thermal differences in temperature or pressure of different tanks. This moves a piston to act on a second piston via a generator current. 30-04"2025-41S07801"HauPiP. Ost-0011 PCT / DE2025 / 000047 2 A process and plant system for energy conversion with carbon dioxide is DE102017003238A1 WO2017176316A1 is a carbon dioxide energy generation system with a carbon dioxide storage unit with a variable volume hydraulic cylinder. An arrangement for converting thermal motor energy with two pressure vessels and a double piston is WO201 1088821 A3EP1806501B1 is a process for converting thermal energy into mechanical work with a pneumatic-hydraulic converter. The known CHP units for converting low-temperature heat into mechanical power require considerable technical effort. Pipelines, fittings, pistons, and turbines transfer pressure and volume of CO2. In particular, sealing the pistons against the cylinder wall is problematic. Membranes allow only a small volume transfer.Electricity generation using energy sources such as wind power presents the problem of matching electricity generation and demand. When storing electricity as heat and converting it back into electricity using a high-temperature heat pump – an ORC water storage system – efficiency is currently being researched. Fundamentally, every electricity storage and energy conversion process involves losses. The present invention enables the generation of mechanical power on demand using heat at a temperature of +31°C or less. The low heat of vaporization in the region of the point with a temperature of +31 °C acts on the heat input of the heat exchanger. The heat input of the heat exchanger from the pressure of 74 bar CO2 temperature of +31 °C still below the point and volume increase of CO2 vapor per minute mechanically transferred to hydraulic oil as follows: 30-04-2025-41907801-HauPtPOs*-0012 PCT / DE2025 / 000047 Power hydraulic motor: qv = A p = 73 bar P= 122 W Power hydraulic pump: P = 100.0000 Pa Q = 0.000017 m. 3P= W The physical properties of the WKM (heat pump) are related to the coefficient of performance and the current output and input. This problem is solved according to the invention by the thin-walled bellows connected to the pressure cylinder via the solenoid valve. The bellows and pressure body form a common pressure body via the solenoid valve. CO2 and CO2 gas are present in the pressure body. Heat is supplied to the CO2 via the heat exchanger and brought to a temperature of max. +31°C and a pressure of 74 bar. When open, the pressure body and the bellows are at vapor phase equilibrium. The pressure of max. 74 bar is maintained by the solenoid valves and the hydraulic oil. The bellows is not subject to overpressure or underpressure and can be made of thin-walled material with a wall thickness of mm, resulting in low mechanical resistance to changes in length, which also facilitates heat exchange between the CO2 gas and the hydraulic oil. The heat exchanger in the reservoir transfers heat to the hydraulic oil. The hydraulic oil of the WKM is at rest.According to Figure 2, the solenoid valve. The hydraulic oil flows through the hydraulic motor. Output of mechanical power. The expansion vessel. 30“04“2025“4190780 “HauP Pos t“OOI 3 PCT / DE2025 / 000047 4. At the inlet of the hydraulic motor, a pressure of 74 bar and at the outlet of bar. With the electric generator coupled to the hydraulic motor, electricity is generated. With the outflow of hydraulic fluid from the pressure cylinder, the volume of the bellows increases. If the pressure of the CO2 gaseous in the bellows is reduced by an on / off operation of the solenoid valve, mechanical power of the hydraulic motor is generated. To maintain the pressure in the pressure vessel, heat is supplied to the CO2 via the heat exchanger and CO2 evaporates.The volume of the bellows, which expands with length, is increased by CO2 gas. The pressure in the bellows and the hydraulic oil is determined by the figure. Bellows reaches its maximum length expansion. The solenoid valve is shown in the figure. The discharge of mechanical power in the reservoir continues. The hydraulic oil is further increased by the figure. Solenoid valves and the hydraulic pump are shown. The warm hydraulic oil in the pressure cylinder is replaced by hydraulic oil from the reservoir. As the bellows cools, CO2 gas condenses, and the bellows expands in volume and size.According to the figure, the bellows has a minimum linear expansion. The hydraulic pump is shown in the figure. The solenoid valves. The solenoid valve and the CO2 - through the bellows, the pressure body. The solenoid valves enable, with their short strokes, precise adherence to the minimum and maximum linear expansion of the bellows, which is important for its service life. The inflow and outflow of hydraulic oil at the pressure cylinder perpendicular to the bellows, with its change in length, causes heat exchange between the hydraulic oil and the gaseous CO2. This accelerates the condensation of gaseous CO2 and the change in length of the bellows, as well as the performance of the hydraulic pump. 30-04-2025“41907801-HauP Pos i-0014 PCT / DE2025 / 000047. The current draw of the hydraulic pump is only against a reduced pressure. To increase the displacement volume, bellows are used according to Figures 9 and 10, and with the pipe connection. The figure shows the maximum linear expansion with coupled bellows. WKM.The minimum longitudinal expansion of coupled bellows. Figure 16 shows the changes in length of the bellows during the expansion phase. Figure 17 shows the bellows with minimum expansion and bellows with maximum expansion. Figure 18 shows the bellows with minimum expansion, the bellows with maximum expansion, and the bellows with maximum expansion. The minimum and maximum expansion of the bellows is controlled by a guide rod with length limits. Figures 16 and 17 show the change in position of the bellows relative to the hydraulic inlets and outlets on the pressure cylinder at maximum and minimum longitudinal expansion. The length specification shows the change in position of the upper end plate of the bellows. The change in position of the lower end of the bellows is shown. The length specifications show the change in position of the lower and upper end plates of the bellows. Figure 17 shows the upper end of the bellows at maximum longitudinal expansion.The guide sleeve on the guide rod ensures exact length expansion along the longitudinal axis of the bellows. With the guide sleeve at the upper stop and the nut on the guide rod, the bellows reaches its maximum length expansion. Figure 19 shows the upper end of the bellows at its minimum length expansion. With the guide sleeve at the lower stop, the bellows reaches its minimum length expansion. Figure 19 shows the bellows with sleeve, washer, and nut for attaching the mounting plate to the bellows. 30” 04” 2025” 4190780I-HauPiPost-001S PCT / DE2025 / 000047. Figure 20 shows the upper end of the piston with sealing washer and cylinder wall. The sealing washer controls the flow of hydraulic fluid. Figure 20 shows the heating phase with pressure build-up, closed solenoid valves, and heat from the heat exchanger. The CO2 gaseous heat of vaporization transfers heat to the bellows. The hydraulic oil is heated by heat from the bellows.With the removal of heat, the hydraulic oil in the pressure vessel is cooled. Figure 22 shows the expansion phase of the bellows. The hydraulic oil is transferred to the reservoir via the pressure cylinder. Figure 23 shows the maximum linear expansion of the bellows. The solenoid valves and the hydraulic pump supply the hydraulic oil between the pressure cylinder and the reservoir. Cooled hydraulic oil from the reservoir is supplied to the pressure cylinder. The CO2 - gaseous in the bellows - is transferred to the reservoir. Figure 24 shows the extraction of heat from the bellows to liquefy the CO2 - gaseous to CO2. The linear expansion of the bellows increases. To accelerate the change in length, a solenoid valve is used. Figure 25 shows the minimum linear expansion of the bellows. Figure 26 shows the hydraulic pump and solenoid valves. The CO2 - from the bellows - is transferred to the pressure vessel via the solenoid valve. This completes the work process of the WKM. Figure 27 shows the pressure of the WKM for the generation of mechanical power / electricity.30" 04" 2025"4130780 l-HauP-tPosi-0016 PCT / DE2025 / 000047 7 Figure 28 shows the pressure of the WKM operating phase during the bellows' return to minimum linear expansion. Figure 29 shows the WKM with mechanical [unclear - possibly "combination" or "combination"]. The WKM is used for electricity generation with low-temperature heat from renewable energy sources such as near-surface geothermal energy or bodies of water. A special electricity generation according to [unclear - possibly "consumable"]. When using near-surface geothermal energy, the WKM's output increases with the drop in outside temperature. Solar thermal energy can also be used for electricity generation with the WKM even when [unclear - possibly "temperature"] is too low in the winter months. Space heating and hot water preparation are also possible. The WKM generates electricity with waste heat from servers. Grid-compliant electricity storage, heat, heating water for single-family homes, and feed-in to the utility grid are possible with the WKM. Electricity is generated with the waste heat from combustion engines, electric motors, air conditioning systems, and motor vehicles. The [unclear - possibly "range" or "range"] is [unclear - possibly "consumable" or "range"]. The range is [unclear - possibly "consumable" or "range"] is [unclear - possibly "consumable" or "range"]. With the geothermal energy WKM can generate electricity from potash mines using the cooling water from electroplating plants.Waste heat from refrigeration systems is used to generate electricity. Application areas for heat pumps (HP) include the ceramics, glass, and chemical industries. In southern countries with high air temperatures, heat from the air can be used to generate electricity and subsequently green hydrogen at electricity costs, as well as to cool the HP. HP is a successor to oil and gas. 30" 04" 2025"4190780 - Hau P Po "0017 PCT / DE2025 / 000047 But even with heat from the waters of the North Sea, electricity generation with HP is possible during the winter months. The application possibilities of HP begin with generally available heat at a temperature of 0°C.

[0002] 30-04~2025~41907801~HauP-tPos t-0018 PCT / DE2025 / 000047 9 Reference List Figure and 2 Functional Diagram Pressure Body 2 Bellows Pressure Cylinder 4 Expansion Vessel Reservoir 6 Hydraulic Motor 7 Hydraulic Pump 8 Heat Exchanger, Heater 9 Heat Exchanger, Cooler 10 Solenoid Valve 1 Solenoid Valve 12 Solenoid Valve Solenoid Valve 14 Check Valve Electric Generator 16 Electric Motor 17 CO2-1 CO2 - gaseous 19 Hydraulic oil 20 Pipe, high pressure 21 Pipe, low pressure Figure 4 Functional diagram Figure 6 Functional diagram Figure 7 and 8 Functional diagram 30“04-2025-4190780 “Hau P Po "0019 PCT / DE2025 / 000047 10 Figure 9 and 10 Functional diagram 22 Bellows 23 Bellows 24 Bellows 25 Pipe connection Figure 12 26 Guide rod piston 27 Guide rod bellows with length limitation Figure 14 22 Bellows with minimum extension 23 Bellows with maximum extension 24 Bellows with maximum extension Figure 16 28 Stroke end plate bellows 29 Stroke base plate bellows 30 Stroke bellows 3 Stroke base plate bellows 32 Stroke end plate bellows Figure 17 26 Guide rod piston 27 Guide rod bellows 33 Guide sleeve 34 Guide sleeve 35 Stop, upper figure 18 36 Stop,30~ 04-2025“4190780 - H au PP e -0020 PCT / DE2025 / 000047 Figure 19 37 Mounting plate 38 Washer 39 Sleeve with external thread 40 Nut Figure 20 with seal 41 Sealing washer 42 Cylinder wall Figure 21 Functional diagram heat flow 43 Heat input heat exchanger heater 44 Heat of vaporization 45 Heat transfer hydraulic oil 46 Heat output from heat exchanger cooler Figure 22 Functional diagram heat flow 47 Heat input reservoir with hydraulic oil 20 Figure 23 Functional diagram heat flow 48 Heat input reservoir from cooling of bellows Figure 24 Functional diagram heat flow Dissipation of condensation heat from bellows 25 Figure 25 Functional diagram heat flow Figure 26 Functional diagram heat flow 30 Figure 27 Functional diagram pressure 30" 04" 2025-41907801-Hau p Po t-002 PCT / DE2025 / 000047 12 Figure 28 Functional diagram Print Figure 29 Functional diagram Print,

Claims

30~04- 2025“ 41907801-Hau P Po i“0023 PCT / DE2025 / 000047 Patent Claims 1. Device and Method Heat Engine Generation of mechanical power with heat by transfer with low mechanical resistance of static pressure and volume increase from the evaporation of CO2 to CO2 - gaseous with mass onto hydraulic oil with mass characterized in that the thin-walled bellows with CO2 gaseous and open solenoid valve with the outflow of hydraulic oil from the pressure cylinder at constant pressure generates mechanical power with the hydraulic motor and volume decrease of hydraulic oil from the pressure cylinder by longitudinal expansion of the bellows on the longitudinal axis with CO2 - gaseous from the pressure body with open solenoid valve Device according to claim characterized in thatthat the CO2 pressure body is connected via the solenoid valve to the thin-walled bellows, a pressure body whose internal pressure is transferred to the hydraulic oil, and thus a pressure body with the superior pressure body with the same internal pressure. Device according to claim characterized in that the bellows is connected to the pressure cylinder. Device according to claim characterized in that the pressure cylinder is connected via the solenoid valve to the hydraulic motor and the reservoir to the expansion vessel. Device according to claim characterized in that the pressure cylinder is connected via the solenoid valve to the reservoir and via the hydraulic pump and the solenoid valve to the hydraulic circuit. Device according to claim characterized in that the hydraulic oil inlet and hydraulic oil outlet on the pressure cylinder are at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the bellows. Device according to claim characterized in thatthat guide rod or several guide rods the bellows of the change in length on the longitudinal axis, 30" 04" 2025"41807801-HauPiPost- 0024 PCT / DE2025 / 000047 14 Device according to claim characterized in that guide rod has an upper stop and a lower stop Device according to claim characterized in that the heat exchanger cooler is in the container Method according to claim 9 characterized in that the hydraulic oil in the container is cooled in the form of CO2 in the bellows Method according to claim characterized in that after reaching the maximum linear expansion of the bellows, the solenoid valve is closed Method according to claim 1 characterized in that solenoid valves and hydraulic pump are closed Method according to claim 10 characterized in that CO2 in the bellows is condensed into CO2 in the gaseous form and power consumption of the hydraulic pump Return of hydraulic oil to the pressure cylinder Method according to claim 10 characterized in thatthat the CO2- the open solenoid valve and closed solenoid valves and through from the bellows the pressure vessel 1 method according to claim characterized in that the bellows displacement of hydraulic oil from the pressure cylinder piston 16 method according to claim characterized in that the thin-walled bellows heat exchanger 17 method according to claim 6 characterized in that the heat exchange between the hydraulic oil in the pressure cylinder and the CO2 - gaseous in the bellows with the change in length and position of the bellows to the hydraulic oil inlet and outlet at the pressure cylinder 30-04“ 2025-4190780 1-HauP-iPosi“ 0025PCT / DE2025 / 000047 method according to claim 2 characterized in that with a pulsating ON / OFF of the solenoid valve pressure of the CO2 - gaseous in the bellows and of the hydraulic oil in the pressure cylinder is lowered and mechanical power of the hydraulic motor is reduced,

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