Firing mechanism for firearms

Abstract

The invention relates to the weapons industry, particularly to firearms, and can be used in the design of firing mechanisms for firearms. The firing mechanism comprises a sliding bolt (2) capable of rectilinear translational movement along the axis of the firearm barrel (3), a firing pin (4), configured as a slider, mounted for rectilinear translational movement relative to the bolt (2), and a hammer (5) configured to interact with the firing pin (4). The hammer (5) is designed as a wedge or a copier and is mounted for rectilinear translational movement. The trajectory of the hammer (5) intersects the trajectory of the firing pin (4) at an angle (P). The hammer (5) and firing pin (4) are constructed such that their thrust surfaces can come into contact. This design allows, at the firearm design stage, variation of the striking force applied to the cartridge primer by adjusting the angle (P) between the trajectories of the firing pin (4) and hammer (5) and / or the angle (Q) of the thrust surface of the wedge or copier relative to the hammer trajectory. It also makes it possible to vary the mass and / or overall dimensions of the firing mechanism while maintaining the required striking force of the firing pin (4).

Description

[0001] FIRING MECHANISM FOR FIREARMS

[0002] Technical Field

[0003] The invention relates to the weapons industry, in particular to firearms such as pistols, revolvers, rifles, automatic rifles, carbines, shotguns, handguns and submachine guns, and can be used in the construction of the firing mechanism of said firearms.

[0004] Background Art

[0005] Known device described in: Handheld firearms with indexed magazine and compact firing mechanism (patent US8756843B1 of 24.06.2014, cl. F41A 9 / 61), which has a firing pin and a hammer made in the form of a wedge with the possibility of interaction with the firing pin.

[0006] This device has a few significant disadvantages:

[0007] The present invention, in any variant embodiment, has a very complex design, many small parts, which complicates the manufacturing, assembly, and maintenance process, and reduces the reliability of the mechanism in use.

[0008] Also known is a device description in: Universal firing-pin (patent US592942A from 02.11.1897, cl. F41A19 / 13), which has a bolt, a firing pin made in the bolt with possibility to make rectilinear translational movement relative to the bolt.

[0009] A major disadvantage of the present invention is that such a design will not allow a gain in force from the use of a wedge in the impact mechanism.

[0010] The closest to the claimed technical solution, according to the technical essence and the resulting technical result, is the device: Firearm (patent US1395291A from 01.11.1921, cl. F41A19 / 30), containing a sliding bolt, made with the possibility of rectilinear translational movement along the axis of the barrel of the firearm, firing pin, made in the form of a slider, mounted with the possibility of rectilinear translational movement relative to the bolt, at least one hammer, made with the possibility of interaction with the firing pin.

[0011] This device has several significant disadvantages: - the mechanism has a complex design with many parts that move according to complex trajectories;

[0012] - large mass dimensions;

[0013] - when the mechanism is in operation, the parts of the mechanism extend beyond the firearm.

[0014] Thus, in the design of firearms there is a need to minimize the mass and dimensional parameters and the number of parts involved in the trigger mechanism that will increase the reliability of firearms, reduce the mass and dimensions of firearms, as well as increase the speed of firearms.

[0015] Summary of Invention

[0016] Technical Problem

[0017] Specifically, the present invention is based on the task to create a firing mechanism, which allows, at the stage of designing a firearm, to reduce the mass and overall dimensions of the firing mechanism of a firearm, while maintaining the firing pin striking force, or to increase the firing pin striking force, while maintaining the mass and overall dimensions of the firing mechanism of a firearm, as well as to eliminate the known disadvantages of analogues and prototypes.

[0018] Solution to Problem

[0019] The stated problem is solved by the fact that in the firing mechanism for firearms containing a sliding bolt, made with the possibility of rectilinear, translational movement along the axis of the barrel of the firearm, firing pin, made in the form of a slider, installed with the possibility of rectilinear translational movement relative to the bolt, at least one hammer, made with the possibility of interaction with the firing pin, according to the invention, the hammer is made in the form of a wedge or a copier, and is installed with the possibility of rectilinear, translational movement, with the trajectory of the hammer crosses the trajectory of the firing pin at an angle, the hammer and the firing pin are made with the possibility of contact between their thrust surfaces. Advantageous Effects of Invention

[0020] A set of essential features of the invention will allow, at the stage of designing a firearm, changing the angle of intersection of the trajectories of the firing pin and the hammer and / or the angle of inclination of the thrust surface, copier or wedge, relative to the trajectory of the hammer, to change the force of striking the cartridge primer by the firing pin and / or to change the mass and / or overall dimensions of the firing mechanism, while maintaining a given force of striking the primer by the firing pin.

[0021] Also, the combination of the essential features of the invention in the design of firearms will minimize the mass, dimensions and number of parts involved in the firing mechanism, which will increase the reliability of firearms, reduce the mass and dimensions of firearms, as well as increase the speed of firearms.

[0022] This design of the firing mechanism works without the hammer bouncing off the firing pin during firing, which guarantees full transfer of force impulse from the hammer to the firing pin.

[0023] The technical solution according to the invention provides a firing mechanism comprising a few simple parts, allowing the firing mechanism to be assembled or disassembled for maintenance without the use of tools.

[0024] The advantage of the technical solution according to the invention is the possibility to use the hammer as a locking device for the bolt, which will not allow the bolt to be displaced during firing.

[0025] It also provides the possibility of guaranteed cartridge delivery into the barrel of the firearm.

[0026] A variant embodiment of the invention is possible, wherein the firing mechanism further comprises a second additional hammer, for example in the form of a slider, or an eccentric, or a rotary hammer, or a cam mechanism.

[0027] This design solution will allow for the realization of automatic operation of the firearm. In addition, this design will allow to place one hammer in the bolt, which will allow to organize automatic operation of the mechanism.

[0028] Also possible is a variant embodiment of the invention, wherein the hammer has at least one slider, made as one piece with the hammer, mounted with the possibility of cooperating with a fixed copier.

[0029] Like the previous variant embodiment of the invention, it allows for automatic operation of the firearm.

[0030] It also provides the possibility of using the hammer as a retarder during the firing process, allowing the bullet to leave the barrel before the cartridge case leaves the barrel of the firearm.

[0031] Another variant embodiment is a variant wherein the bolt has a copier made with the possibility of cooperating with at least one hammer.

[0032] This design will allow the firing spring to be cocked as the bolt moves.

[0033] Like the previous variant embodiment of the invention this variant allows for automatic operation of the firearm.

[0034] A suitable embodiment is a variant wherein the at least one hammer has at least one pusher made with the possibility of engaging with the at least one copier made in the bolt of the firearm.

[0035] This will make it possible to realize the automatic operation of firearms.

[0036] Also, in one of the possible variants, at least one hammer is spring loaded.

[0037] Such a design solution will make it possible to realize automatic operation of the firearm.

[0038] Advantageous is the variant of the invention realization in which the hammer is installed in the bolt.

[0039] This technical solution ensures automatic operation of the firearm.

[0040] Brief Description of Drawings

[0041] Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of a firearm in rear view, longitudinal sections A-A and B-B are indicated. Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of a firearm in section A-A, left side view, marked with a "C".

[0042] Fig. 3. Schematic illustration of a firearm in section B-B, left side view, indicated by the notation "D".

[0043] Fig. 4. Local notation "C" in section (Fig. 2).

[0044] Fig. 5. Local notation "D" in section (Fig. 3).

[0045] Fig. 6. Schematic illustration of a firearm in rear view, longitudinal sections Al-Al and Bl-Bl are labeled.

[0046] Fig. 7. Schematic illustration of a firearm in section Al-Al, left side view, labeled "Cl".

[0047] Fig. 8. Schematic illustration of a firearm in section Bl-Bl, left side view, labeled "DI".

[0048] Fig. 9. Local notation "Cl" in section (Fig. 7).

[0049] Fig. 10: Local notation "DI" in section (Fig. 8).

[0050] Fig. 11. Schematic illustration of a firearm in rear view, longitudinal sections A2-A2 and B2-B2 are labeled.

[0051] Fig. 12. Schematic illustration of a firearm in section A2-A2, left side view, labeled "C2".

[0052] FIG. 13: Schematic illustration of a firearm in section B2-B2, left side view, indicated by the notation "D2".

[0053] Fig. 14. Local notation "C2" in section (Fig. 12).

[0054] Fig. 15. Local notation "D2" in section (Fig. 13).

[0055] Fig. 16. Schematic illustration of a firearm in rear view, longitudinal sections A3-A3 and B3-B3 are marked.

[0056] Fig. 17. Schematic illustration of a firearm in section A3-A3, left side view, labeled "C3".

[0057] FIG. 18: Schematic illustration of a firearm in section B3-B3, left side view, indicated by the notation "D3". Fig. 19. Local notation "C3" in section (Fig. 17).

[0058] Fig. 20. Local notation "D3" in section (Fig. 18).

[0059] Fig. 21: Schematic illustration of a firearm in rear view, longitudinal sections A4-A4 and B4-B4 are indicated.

[0060] FIG. 22. Schematic illustration of a firearm in section A4-A4, left side view, labeled

[0061] "C4".

[0062] Fig. 23. Schematic illustration of a firearm in section B4-B4, left side view, labeled "D4".

[0063] Fig. 24. Local notation "C4" in section (Fig. 22).

[0064] Fig. 25. Local notation "D4" in section (Fig. 23).

[0065] Fig. 26: Schematic illustration of the firing mechanism in longitudinal section.

[0066] Fig. 27. Schematic illustration of the firing mechanism of a firearm in longitudinal section, in axonometry, top-left-back view.

[0067] Figs. 28-33. Schematic illustration of the hammer.

[0068] Figs. 34-37. Schematic illustration of the firing mechanism of a firearm during firing and reloading.

[0069] Fig. 38. Schematic illustration of the firing mechanism of a firearm, left side view.

[0070] Fig. 39. Schematic illustration of the firing mechanism of a firearm, rear view.

[0071] Fig. 40. Schematic illustration of the firing mechanism of a firearm, in axonometry, bottom-back-left view.

[0072] Figs. 41-44. Schematic illustration of the firing mechanism of a firearm during firing and reloading.

[0073] Description of Embodiments

[0074] In this description of the invention:

[0075] The term "copier" should be understood as a type of cam mechanism. It is a mechanism forming a kinematic pair, having a movable link making a rectilinear translational motion or a fixed copier, which has a surface of variable curvature, interacting with another movable link, a pusher or slider if the movable link makes a rectilinear motion, or a rocker if the movable link makes a rocking motion.

[0076] The term "wedge" should be understood as the simplest mechanism in the form of a prism, the working surfaces of which converge at an acute angle, which serves to change the direction or magnitude of a force. Wedge, used for mechanical force gain, (also called leverage) to increase force. When a force is applied to the base of the prism, there are two components perpendicular to the working surfaces. The ideal force gain given by a wedge is equal to the ratio of its length to the thickness at the blunt end; the wedge's wedging action gives a force gain when the angle is small and the length of the wedge is long. The actual gain of the wedge is highly dependent on the friction force, which varies as the wedge travels.

[0077] The term "slider" should be understood as a body, which is a link of a mechanism that forms a translational pair with a fixed link of the mechanism and performs translational or curvilinear motion.

[0078] The term "pusher" should be understood as a machine part or mechanism that transmits motion to another part, device or system.

[0079] The term "kinematic pair" should be understood as a connection of two kinematic links, providing their relative motion.

[0080] The figures (Figs. 1-5) show, as an example, a pistol-type firearm 1. The firearm 1 has a firing mechanism including a sliding bolt 2, made with the possibility of rectilinear translational movement along the axis of the barrel 3 of the firearm 1, a firing pin 4, made in the form of a slider, installed with the possibility of rectilinear translational movement relative to the bolt 2, a hammer 5, made with the possibility of interaction with the firing pin 4, with the hammer 5 made in the form of a wedge or copier, and installed with the possibility of rectilinear translational movement, whereby the trajectory of the hammer 5 intersects the trajectory of the firing pin 4 at an angle 3, the hammer 5 and the firing pin 4 are made with the possibility of contact between their thrust surfaces. The bolt 2 may also have a bolt 2 return spring 6 designed to return the bolt 2 to its original position prior to firing. The return spring 6 of the bolt 2, may be made behind the bolt 2, as shown in (fig. 4), or in front of the barrel 3, or around the barrel 3, or under the barrel 3, or may have another execution understood by the specialist. The bolt 2 may be engaged with the barrel 3 in the firing position, and disengage from engagement with the barrel 3 during the return stroke of the barrel 3 (not shown in the drawings), or may have any other mechanism for locking the barrel 3, or may be in the form of a free bolt 2. The firing pin 4 may have a spring 7 for holding the firing pin 4 in place in its outermost position, and for returning the firing pin 4 to its starting position after the firearm 1 has been fired. The hammer 5 (figs. 41- 44) may be designed as a locking device for the bolt 2, which will prevent the bolt 2 from moving during the firing of a shot.

[0081] The bolt 2 may be designed as an independent slider with the possibility of moving within a fixed receiver that is made as part of the housing, as shown in this example, or be made as part of a movable receiver (not shown in the drawings).

[0082] In one particular variant, the firing mechanism of the firearm 1 additionally contains a second additional hammer 5.1 (Fig. 4), made in the form of a slider, or an eccentric, or a rotary hammer, or a cam mechanism, the mechanism and shape of which correspond to the selected scheme of the firing mechanism.

[0083] In this variant, the second additional hammer 5.1 is in the form of a slider, but it may also be in the form of an eccentric, rotary hammer, or cam mechanism, or may not have a second additional hammer 5.1 in the firing mechanism structure as shown in (Figs. 41-44) and is cocked into the firing position, for example, by means of a Henry clamp (not shown in the drawings).

[0084] Also, the firing mechanism has a firing spring 8 designed to create the impulse (force) of the hammer 5 striking the firing pin 4. The firing spring 8 may be in the form of a compression spring, a tensile spring, a torsion spring, a leaf spring, or combinations thereof. Also, in one particular variant embodiment, the firing mechanism of the firearm 1, the hammer 5 has at least one slider 9 (figs. 5, 26-33) made as one piece with the hammer 5 and cooperating with a fixed copier 10 (figs. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25) made in the firearm 1.

[0085] Also, in one particular variant of the firing mechanism of the firearm 1, the bolt 2 has a copier 11 (figs. 34, 36, 38, 40) interacting with the second additional hammer 5.1.

[0086] Also in one particular variant, the firing mechanism of the firearm 1, has a second additional hammer 5.1 which in turn has at least one pusher 12 (figs. 34, 36 - 38, 40) cooperating with at least one copier 11 made in the bolt 2 of the firearm 1. This mechanism serves to cock the firing spring 8 and is presented as a special case, it can also be designed as a lever mechanism (not shown in the drawings), for example, as a crank mechanism connected to the bolt 2 and the second additional hammer 5.1.

[0087] Also, in one particular variant embodiment, at least one hammer 5 (Figs. 41-44) and / or a second additional hammer 5.1 (Fig. 4) are spring loaded, for example by a firing spring 8.

[0088] Also, in one particular variant embodiment, the firing mechanism of the firearm 1, wherein, the hammer 5 is mounted (made) in the bolt 2 (fig. 4).

[0089] The material of which the parts comprising the firing mechanism are made may be any material that meets the technical parameters of the selected design, e.g., the parts may be made of metal, or metal alloys: steel, bronze, duralumin, and / or polymeric materials, and / or composite materials: carbon, carbon fiber, and the like. The firing mechanism for firearms works as follows.

[0090] In the first step (Figs. 1-5), before firing a shot, the firearm 1 is charged (Figs. 2, 4) and the cartridge 14 is in the barrel 3 of the firearm 1. The bolt 2 is in the leftmost position and holds the cartridge 14 in the barrel 3. The bolt 2 is in engagement with the barrel 3, or body, or body part, of the firearm 1 (not shown in the drawings), or is made as a free bolt, as shown in the drawings in this example. The firing pin 4 is in the rightmost position and is held by spring 7. Hammer 5 is in the lower, firing position (fig. 4). Slider 9 of the hammer 5 is in the firing position and in contact with the bottom wall of the copier 10 (Fig. 5). The second additional hammer 5.1 is in its lowest position, with the firing spring 8 in a compressed state, and is held by the trigger mechanism 13 cooperating with the second additional hammer 5.1.

[0091] The trigger mechanism 13 is not part of the invention, and is shown schematically to explain the operation of the firing mechanism. The trigger mechanism 13 may be of any design that satisfies the technical parameters of the selected design, of the firearm 1.

[0092] In the second step (Figs. 6-10), the trigger mechanism 13 comes out of engagement with the second additional hammer 5.1 (Figs. 7, 9) while firing the shot. As a result, the second additional hammer 5.1, under the action of the firing spring 8, moves upwards along the guide rails, and strikes the hammer 5. The hammer 5, in turn, interacts with the firing pin 4, thrust surfaces, with the trajectory of the hammer 5 intersects the trajectory of the firing pin 4 at an angle 3 (Fig. 4), as well as the hammer 5 has an angle Q of inclination of the thrust surface of the wedge relative to the trajectory of the hammer 5. Due to this design, at the step of design, by changing the angle Q of inclination of the thrust surface of the wedge or curved surface of the copier of the hammer 5, relative to the trajectory of the hammer 5, and / or by changing the angle 3 of intersection of the trajectory of the hammer 5 and the trajectory of the firing pin 4, it is possible to obtain an advantage in the force of impact of the firing pin 4 on the cartridge 14 primer, and / or to change the mass, and / or dimensions of the firing mechanism.

[0093] This is accomplished by varying the ratio of the distance traveled "b" (fig. 9) by the firing pin 4, to the distance traveled "a" by the hammer 5, which is essentially a gear ratio similar to the applicable gear ratios in gears, where the input shaft speed is exchanged for the output shaft force with a reduction in speed. At this stage, the firing pin 4 strikes the cartridge 14 primer, and the cartridge is fired. The slider 9 of the hammer 5 contacts the upper surface of the copier 10 (fig. 10).

[0094] In the third step (Figs. 11-15), under the influence of recoil forces, the bolt 2 moves to the right (Fig. 14), the firing pin 4 returns to the starting position inside the bolt 2 under the influence of the spring 7, while extracting the cartridge case from the barrel 3, and compression of the bolt return spring 6. In the same step, the hammer 5 moves relative to the firearm 1, and within the bolt 2, as a result of the interaction of the slider 9 with the upper surface of the copier 10 (fig. 15). Also, as a result of the interaction of the slider 9 with the upper surface of the copier 10, the bolt 2 is braked in the horizontal plane, which will allow the bullet to leave the barrel 3 before the cartridge 14 case leaves the barrel 3. During movement of the bolt 2, as a result of the recoil forces of the shot, the hammer 5 pushes the second additional hammer 5.1, which, in turn, compresses the firing spring 8, whereby the trigger mechanism 13 engages with the second additional hammer 5.1.

[0095] In the fourth step (Figs. 16-20), the bolt 2 reaches the rightmost position inside the firearm 1 (Figs. 17,19). At the same time, the casing of the fired cartridge 14 leaves the firearm 1, and a new cartridge 14 is fed into the area in front of the bolt 2 (fig. 19). The return spring 6 of the bolt 2 is maximally compressed at this step. The slider 9 of the hammer 5 interacts with the two surfaces of the copier 10 (fig. 20), with the hammer 5 in its lowest position.

[0096] In the fifth step (Figs. 21-25), the bolt 2, under the influence of the return spring 6, moves toward the barrel 3, thereby delivering a cartridge 14 into the barrel 3 of the firearm 1. The slider 9 contacts the lower inclined surface of the copier 10, resulting in upward movement of the hammer 5 inside the bolt 2.

[0097] In the sixth step (Figs. 1-5), the firearm 1 is again in the starting position and ready to be fired.

[0098] In general, the above-described design of a firing mechanism for a firearm 1 allows, in the design stage of the firearm 1, changing the angle 3 of intersection of the trajectories of the hammer 5 and the firing pin 4, and / or the angle Q of inclination of the thrust surface, copier or wedge of the hammer 5, relative to the trajectory of the hammer 5, change the force of firing pin 4 striking the cartridge 14 primer, and / or change the mass and / or overall dimensions of the firing mechanism, while maintaining a given force of firing pin 4 striking the primer.

Claims

Claims1. A firing mechanism for firearms containing a sliding bolt having the possibility of rectilinear translational movement along the axis of the barrel of the firearm, a firing pin in the form of a slider mounted with the possibility of rectilinear translational movement relative to the bolt, at least one hammer having the possibility of interaction with the firing pin, characterized in that the hammer is made in the form of a wedge or a copier, and is installed with the possibility of rectilinear, translational movement, with the trajectory of the hammer crosses the trajectory of the firing pin at an angle, the hammer and the firing pin are made with the possibility of contact between their thrust surfaces.

2. The firing mechanism according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises a second additional hammer in the form of a slider, or an eccentric, or a rotary hammer, or a cam mechanism.

3. The firing mechanism according to claim 1 , characterized in that e hammer has at least one slider, made as one unit with the hammer, mounted with the possibility of interacting with a fixed copier.

4. The firing mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bolt has a copier made with the possibility of interacting with the at least one hammer.

5. The firing mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that the at least one hammer has at least one pusher made with the possibility of engaging with the at least one coping made in the bolt.

6. The firing mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one hammer is spring loaded.

7. The firing mechanism according to claim 1 , characterized in that the hammer is mounted in the bolt.

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