Water distribution device, water distribution measurement method and layered fracturing-flooding tubing string

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas development, and specifically relates to a water distribution device, a water distribution measurement method and a layered fracturing-flooding tubing string. The water distribution device comprises: a body, which comprises an outer wall, an inner wall, a cavity formed between the outer wall and the inner wall, and a flow-passing hole formed in the inner wall, wherein an injection hole extending in a radial direction is provided in the outer wall; a water injection mechanism arranged in the cavity, wherein the water injection mechanism is configured to open or close the injection hole in response to the pressure in the flow-passing hole; a measurement mechanism, which is arranged in the flow-passing hole and is configured to measure flow, wherein the measurement mechanism is configured to enable a fluid in the flow-passing hole to flow to the outside of the body by means of the water injection mechanism and the injection hole; a bypass mechanism arranged in the cavity, wherein the bypass mechanism is configured to be capable of being in parallel communication with the flow-passing hole, such that at least part of the fluid can bypass the measurement mechanism and flow downwards out of the water distribution device; and a switching mechanism arranged at the lower end of the body, wherein the switching mechanism is configured to be rotatable relative to the body so as to open or close the bypass mechanism.

Description

Water distribution device, water distribution measurement method and stratified pressure drive tubing

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application CN202410552520.7, filed on May 7, 2024, entitled “A dual-channel high-torque bridge-type adjustable water distributor and its usage method,” and Chinese patent application CN202410552519.4, filed on May 7, 2024, entitled “A synchronous stratified pressure-driven tubing string and its usage method,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This invention belongs to the field of oil and gas development technology, specifically relating to a water distribution device, a water distribution measurement method, and a stratified pressure drive tubing string. Background Technology

[0004] As oilfield development enters its mid-to-late stages, downhole water injection is necessary to replenish formation energy in oil and gas wells.

[0005] Currently, stratified water injection technology mainly includes eccentric integrated measurement and control and concentric integrated measurement and control stratified water injection technologies. Among them, the eccentric integrated measurement and control technology is significantly affected by water quality, and large well deviations and inter-layer pressure differences can affect its measurement and control success rate and water distribution accuracy, failing to meet the requirements of fine water injection. The concentric integrated measurement and control technology is adaptable to a wider range of well deviations and has a higher measurement and control success rate. It has achieved good results in its promotion and application, meeting the development needs of various reservoirs and is widely used in oilfields across China.

[0006] However, the current concentric integrated water distributor has certain limitations. During its use, it is necessary to measure the amount of water injected into the formation through the distributor. When multiple distributors are connected sequentially to the tubing string for multi-stage water injection, only a top-down measurement and adjustment method can be used, measuring the flow rate in the tubing string within different formations sequentially from bottom to top. The flow rate injected into each formation through each distributor is then calculated by the difference between the multiple measurements. This method has low accuracy, large errors, and cannot eliminate the influence of water injection from other formations on the test formation.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a water distribution device and a water distribution measurement method that facilitates the measurement of the flow rate injected into the formation. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the technical problems described above, the present invention aims to provide a water distribution device that can directly measure the flow rate injected into the target formation.

[0009] The present invention also proposes a water distribution measurement method, which uses the water distribution device proposed in this invention to directly measure the flow rate injected into the target formation.

[0010] The present invention also proposes a stratified pressure drive string, which uses the water distribution device proposed in the present invention to directly measure the flow rate injected into the target formation.

[0011] According to the present invention, a water distribution device is provided, comprising: a main body, the main body including an outer wall, an inner wall, a cavity formed between the outer wall and the inner wall, and a flow passage formed in the inner wall, wherein a radially extending injection hole is provided on the outer wall; a water injection mechanism disposed in the cavity, the water injection mechanism being configured to open or close the injection hole in response to pressure in the flow passage; a measuring mechanism for measuring flow rate disposed in the flow passage, the measuring mechanism being configured to allow fluid in the flow passage to flow through the water injection mechanism and the injection hole to the outside of the main body; a bypass mechanism disposed in the cavity, the bypass mechanism being configured to communicate in parallel with the flow passage, thereby allowing at least a portion of the fluid to bypass the measuring mechanism and flow downward out of the water distribution device; and a switching mechanism disposed at the lower end of the main body, the switching mechanism being configured to rotate relative to the main body to open or close the bypass mechanism.

[0012] In one specific embodiment, the switching mechanism includes a rotating body connected to the lower end of the main body, the rotating body being configured to rotate relative to the main body and to open or close the bypass mechanism during rotation, while regulating the flow rate into the water injection mechanism.

[0013] In one specific embodiment, the measuring mechanism includes a test body for measuring the fluid flow rate in the flow passage, and the bypass mechanism includes a bypass hole extending axially, the upper and lower ends of the bypass hole being respectively connected to the flow passage on the upper and lower sides of the test body of the measuring mechanism along the axial direction.

[0014] In one specific embodiment, a bypass rod is provided in the bypass hole, a first fixing member is provided at the upper end of the main body, and a first elastic member for biasing the bypass rod is provided in the cavity between the first fixing member and the bypass rod. The switching mechanism is configured to enable the bypass rod to move axially in the bypass hole, thereby realizing the opening or closing of the bypass hole.

[0015] In one specific embodiment, the bypass hole includes a first bypass hole section and a second bypass hole section coaxially arranged from top to bottom. The diameter of the first bypass hole section is larger than the diameter of the second bypass hole section. The bypass rod is configured to axially seal against the stepped surface formed between the first bypass hole section and the second bypass hole section.

[0016] In one specific embodiment, the bypass rod includes a first rod segment and a second rod segment coaxially arranged from top to bottom. The lower end face of the first rod segment is configured to axially seal against the stepped surface, and the second rod segment passes downward through the second bypass hole segment and is adapted to the switching mechanism.

[0017] In one specific embodiment, the switching mechanism includes a rotating body that is anti-torsionally connected to the measuring mechanism. At least one switching slot is provided on the upper end face of the rotating body. The switching slot is configured to push the bypass rod upward in the bypass hole when the rotating body rotates relative to the main body, thereby opening the bypass hole.

[0018] In one specific embodiment, a plurality of adjacent switch slots are provided on the upper end surface of the rotating body along the circumferential direction. The switch slots are conical in shape, and the lower end of the bypass rod is conical in shape to match the switch slots.

[0019] In one specific embodiment, a cylinder is coaxially arranged outside the main body, the lower end of the rotating body is sealed to the cylinder, the water injection mechanism communicates with the annulus formed between the cylinder and the rotating body, a first connecting hole extending radially is provided on the rotating body to connect the flow hole and the annulus, a second connecting hole extending axially is provided in the rotating body, the upper end of the second connecting hole is connected to the bypass hole, and the lower end of the second connecting hole is connected to the flow hole below the first connecting hole.

[0020] In one specific embodiment, a second fixing member is provided on the outer wall of the rotating body, and a second elastic member is provided in the annular space. The upper and lower ends of the second elastic member abut against the second fixing member and the cylinder, respectively.

[0021] In one specific embodiment, the rotating body further includes an adjustment mechanism that connects the water injection mechanism and the annulus, the flow passage cross section of the adjustment mechanism being configured to change as the rotating body rotates relative to the main body, thereby adjusting the fluid flow rate to the water injection mechanism.

[0022] In one specific embodiment, the adjusting mechanism includes an adjusting hole, wherein the degree of overlap between the adjusting hole and the inlet of the water injection mechanism changes as the rotating body rotates relative to the main body; or, the adjusting mechanism has multiple adjusting holes of different sizes, wherein, when the rotating body rotates relative to the main body, the adjusting holes of different sizes are connected to the water injection mechanism.

[0023] In one specific embodiment, the measuring mechanism further includes a first rubber cup disposed on the outer wall of the test body for sealing the flow hole, the first rubber cup being located below the first connecting hole, and the lower end of the bypass mechanism communicating with the flow hole below the first rubber cup.

[0024] In one specific embodiment, the test body is constructed as a cylindrical shape with a closed lower end. A second rubber cup for sealing the flow hole is provided on the outer wall of the test body. The first connecting hole is located below the second rubber cup. A through hole is provided on the cylindrical wall of the test body, and the through hole is located between the first rubber cup and the second rubber cup.

[0025] In one specific embodiment, the measuring mechanism includes a first jaw and a second jaw that are coaxially rotatable relative to each other and spaced apart along the axial direction. The first jaw and the second jaw are configured to be connected to the main body and the switching mechanism respectively, thereby allowing the switching mechanism to rotate relative to the main body.

[0026] In one specific embodiment, the water injection mechanism includes: a piston hole extending axially; and a switch piston movably disposed within the piston hole, wherein the upper and lower ends of the first elastic member are respectively configured to abut against the first fixing member and the switch piston; wherein the switch piston is configured to close the injection hole in an initial state and to open the injection hole by moving upward under the pressure of fluid from the flow hole.

[0027] In one specific embodiment, the cylinder includes an upper connector, an outer cylinder, and a lower connector arranged coaxially from top to bottom. The lower end face of the upper connector abuts against the upper end face of the first fixing member, and the rotating body is sealed to the lower connector.

[0028] According to the present invention, a water distribution measurement method is also provided, wherein water distribution measurement is performed using the water distribution device provided according to the present invention, wherein after the measuring mechanism is inserted into the well, the switching mechanism is rotated relative to the main body to open the bypass mechanism, and then the flow rate value measured by the measuring mechanism is read.

[0029] According to the present invention, a stratified pressure-driven tubing string is also provided, comprising a top injection unit and at least one stratified injection unit connected coaxially in sequence, wherein both the top injection unit and the stratified injection unit include a water distribution device proposed according to the present invention.

[0030] In one specific embodiment, the top injection unit includes a compensator, a top packer, and the water distribution device connected coaxially in sequence; the layer injection unit includes an interlayer packer, slips, and the water distribution device connected in sequence; and the lower end of the bottommost layer injection unit is connected to a well-washing valve.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this application are as follows.

[0032] When measuring the injection flow rate of a target formation using the water distribution device according to the present invention, the flow passage is blocked by the measuring mechanism. This causes the fluid flowing downwards within the flow passage to split into two parts: one part flows along the bypass mechanism past the measuring mechanism to the downstream of the target formation, while the other part continues to flow along the flow passage and through the measuring mechanism. The fluid continuing to flow along the flow passage can only be injected into the target formation through the injection mechanism. In other words, the fluid flow rate measured by the measuring mechanism is the flow rate of the fluid injected into the target formation; therefore, the flow rate of the fluid injected into the target formation can be obtained by directly reading the value from the measuring mechanism. Thus, the present invention enables separate measurement of the target formation by directly reading the value, improving the accuracy of the measurement.

[0033] Furthermore, according to the present invention, the bypass mechanism can be selectively opened or closed via a switching mechanism. This allows the bypass mechanism to be closed when water distribution measurements are not being performed, thereby reducing the continuous scouring of the bypass mechanism by high-pressure, high-volume fluid and significantly extending the tool's service life.

[0034] The rotating body of the switching mechanism of the present invention is provided with an adjustment mechanism, which can adjust the flow rate entering the water injection mechanism according to different application scenarios, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the fluid injected into the target formation. Thus, by rotating the rotating body of the switching mechanism relative to the main body, the measuring mechanism can measure the flow rate of the injected formation and adjust the flow rate of the injected target formation at the same time, thereby realizing the function of simultaneous measurement and adjustment. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the water distribution device according to the present invention, wherein the arrows in the figure schematically indicate the flow path of the fluid;

[0037] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the water distribution device according to the present invention, wherein the measuring mechanism is not shown;

[0038] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the measuring mechanism according to the present invention, wherein the arrows in the figure schematically show the path of fluid flow;

[0039] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a rotating body according to an embodiment of the switching mechanism of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 shows a partially cutaway structural schematic diagram of the rotating body of the switching mechanism according to the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the layered pressure drive string according to the present invention.

[0042] The following are explanations of the reference numerals in the figures: 1. Main body; 1A. Outer wall; 1B. Inner wall; 11. Flow hole; 12. Injection hole; 13. Cavity; 14. Connecting cylinder; 141. Bayonet; 2. Water injection mechanism; 21. Piston hole; 22. Switch piston; 23. Inlet hole; 3. Bypass mechanism; 31. Bypass hole; 311. First bypass hole section; 312. Second bypass hole section; 32. Bypass rod; 321. First rod section; 322. Second rod section; 33. First fixing member; 331. Fourth connecting hole; 34. First elastic member; 4. Measuring mechanism; 41. Test body; 42. First rubber cup; 43. Second rubber cup; 44. Through hole; 45. First claw; 46. Second claw; 5. Switching mechanism; 51. Rotating body; 52. Switch slot; 53. First connecting hole; 54. Annular cavity; 55. 56. Second connecting hole; 57. Second fixing element; 58. Second elastic element; 59. Adjusting mechanism; 50A. Adjusting hole; 51. Limiting groove; 6. Cylinder; 62. Upper connector; 63. Outer cylinder; 64. Third connecting hole; 65. Lower connector; 66. Step; 100. Water distribution device; 201. Top injection unit; 202. Compensator; 303. Top packer; 304. Layer injection unit; 305. Interlayer packer; 306. Slip; 407. Well washing valve; 1000. Layered pressure drive tubing string.

[0043] In this application, all drawings are schematic and are used only to illustrate the principles of the invention, and are not drawn to scale. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] It should be noted that in this application, the direction of the water distribution device according to the present invention near the wellhead after being inserted into the well is described as "upper," "front," or similar terms, i.e., above in Figure 1; the direction of the water distribution device according to the present invention away from the wellhead after being inserted into the well is described as "lower," "rear," or similar terms, i.e., below in Figure 1. The directional description "axial" used herein refers to the direction indicated by the central axis of the water distribution device, i.e., the vertical direction in Figure 1; the directional description "radial" used herein refers to the direction indicated by the diameter of the water distribution device, i.e., the horizontal direction in Figure 1.

[0046] Figure 1 shows the structure of the water distribution device 100 according to the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the water distribution device 100 mainly includes a main body 1, a water injection mechanism 2, a measuring mechanism 4, and a bypass mechanism 3.

[0047] In this embodiment, the main body 1 is constructed as a generally hollow cylindrical shape, with a flow hole 11 extending through it along the central axis of the main body 1. An annular cavity 13 is formed in the cylindrical wall of the main body 1, and the lower end of the cavity 13 communicates with the flow hole 11. A water injection mechanism 2 is disposed within the cavity 13 and can control the opening or closing of the injection hole 12. In other words, at least a portion of the cylindrical wall of the main body 1 includes an outer wall 1A and an inner wall 1B, and the water injection mechanism 2 is disposed in the cavity 13 formed between the outer wall 1A and the inner wall 1B. The water injection mechanism 2 is configured to open the radially extending injection hole 12 disposed on the outer wall 1A in response to the pressure within the flow hole 11, thereby communicating the injection hole 12 with the cavity 13. Thus, the fluid within the flow hole 11 can flow to the outside of the main body 1 through the water injection mechanism 2 and the injection hole 12 on the outer wall 1A of the main body 1, thereby injecting into the target formation. In other words, when the pressure inside the flow orifice 11 is too low, the water injection mechanism 2 is closed, preventing fluid from flowing into the target formation outside the main body 1. When the pressure inside the flow orifice 11 reaches a certain threshold, the water injection mechanism 2 opens under the pressure of the flow orifice 11, allowing the fluid inside the flow orifice 11 to flow through the water injection mechanism 2 and the injection hole 12 to the outside of the main body 1, and then be injected into the target formation. It is easy to understand that the aforementioned threshold can be determined by those skilled in the art based on specific circumstances.

[0048] It should be noted that, in this invention, the central flow channel extending axially throughout the entire water distribution device 100 can be regarded as the flow hole 11.

[0049] The measuring mechanism 4 is installed inside the flow hole 11. The measuring mechanism 4 is configured to allow all the fluid in the flow hole 11 to flow to the outside of the main body 1 through the water injection mechanism 2, and to measure the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the flow hole 11 at this time, so as to achieve the purpose of measuring the flow rate of the fluid injected into the target formation.

[0050] The bypass mechanism 3 is also disposed within the cylinder wall of the main body 1, specifically within the cavity 13 between the outer wall 1A and the inner wall 1B of the main body 1. The bypass mechanism 3 is configured to communicate with the flow hole 11 at both the upper and lower ends of the measuring mechanism 4 (i.e., "parallel communication"). That is, both the upper and lower ends of the bypass mechanism 3 are connected to the flow hole 11, and the position where the upper end of the bypass mechanism 3 connects to the flow hole 11 is located above the measuring mechanism 4 (specifically, above the test body 41 of the measuring mechanism 4, as described below), while the position where the lower end of the bypass mechanism 3 connects to the flow hole 11 is located below the measuring mechanism 4.

[0051] According to one embodiment of the present invention, multiple water distribution devices 100 are connected in series via tubing to achieve stratified water injection. When flow measurement is not required, the measuring mechanism 4 may not be installed in the main body 1, as shown in Figure 2. In this configuration, when the fluid pressure in the flow passage 11 reaches the pressure threshold for the water injection mechanism 2 to open, the water injection mechanism 2 opens, and a portion of the fluid in the flow passage 11 is injected into the target formation through the water injection mechanism 2 and the injection hole 12 on the outer wall 1A of the main body 1. The remaining portion of the fluid in the flow passage 11 flows downward along the flow passage 11 to the next stage water distribution device 100.

[0052] When flow rate measurement is required, a measuring mechanism 4 is installed inside the main body 1, as shown in Figure 1. In this configuration, the measuring mechanism 4 seals the flow passage 11 (described below), and a portion of the fluid in the flow passage 11 bypasses the measuring mechanism 4 via the bypass mechanism 3 before continuing to flow downwards along the flow passage 11 to the next stage water distribution device 100. The remaining fluid in the flow passage 11 flows to the location of the measuring mechanism 4. When the fluid pressure in the flow passage 11 reaches the pressure threshold for opening the water injection mechanism 2, the water injection mechanism 2 opens. At this time, all the fluid in the flow passage 11 at the location of the measuring mechanism 4 is injected into the target formation through the water injection mechanism 2 and the injection hole 12 on the outer wall of the main body 1. Therefore, the flow rate measured by the measuring mechanism 4 is the flow rate of the fluid injected into the target formation.

[0053] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG1, the measuring mechanism 4 includes a test body 41 and a first rubber cup 42. The test body 41, which is capable of measuring flow rate, is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0054] In this embodiment, the test body 41 is cylindrical, and the first rubber cup 42 is disposed on the outer wall of the test body 41. After the measuring mechanism 4 is disposed inside the main body 1, the first rubber cup 42 can seal the annular space between the test body 41 and the main body 1, that is, the first rubber cup 42 and the test body 41 can seal the flow hole 11. In this way, the fluid in the flow hole 11 cannot flow downward to the next stage water distribution device 100 through the test body 41 and the first rubber cup 42.

[0055] The portion of the test body 41 located above the first rubber cup 42 is used to measure the flow rate. When it is necessary to measure the flow rate of the fluid injected into the target formation, the test body 41 is placed inside the main body 1, with the first rubber cup 42 positioned below the inlet of the water injection mechanism 2 (i.e., the hole on the flow orifice 11 for communication with the water injection mechanism 2), and the upper end of the bypass mechanism 3 connected to the flow orifice 11 located above the test body 41. In this configuration, after the first rubber cup 42 seals the flow orifice 11, all the fluid flowing through the test body 41 in the flow orifice 11 will be injected into the target formation through the water injection mechanism 2. At this time, the flow rate measured by the test body 41 is the flow rate of the fluid injected into the target formation.

[0056] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, the test body 41 is constructed as a hollow cylindrical shape with a closed lower end. A second rubber cup 43 for sealing the flow hole 11 is also provided on the outer wall of the test body 41, and the second rubber cup 43 is located above the first rubber cup 42. A through hole 44 is provided on the cylindrical wall of the test body 41, located between the first rubber cup 42 and the second rubber cup 43, and the portion of the test body 41 used for measuring flow rate is also located between the first rubber cup 42 and the second rubber cup 43. When it is necessary to measure the flow rate of the fluid injected into the target formation, the test body 41 is placed inside the main body 1, with the first rubber cup 42 located below the inlet of the water injection mechanism 2, the second rubber cup 43 located above the inlet of the water injection mechanism 2, and the second rubber cup 43 located below the connection position between the upper end of the bypass mechanism 3 and the flow hole 11. In this configuration, as shown in Figure 3, when the fluid flows from top to bottom, the fluid entering the test body 41 flows downward along the internal cavity of the test body 41, then flows through the through hole 44 into the annular space sealed by the first rubber cup 42 and the second rubber cup 43, and then is injected into the target formation through the water injection mechanism 2 and the injection hole 12. The cylindrical test body 41 can guide the flow of fluid, ensuring that all the fluid entering the test body 41 is ultimately injected into the target formation through the water injection mechanism 2, avoiding fluid backflow and causing measurement errors, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement. The cylindrical test body 41 is equipped with a device for measuring flow rate, such as a flow sensor.

[0057] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the bypass mechanism 3 includes a bypass hole 31 disposed within the main body 1. The upper and lower ends of the bypass hole 31 communicate with the flow passage 11 on the upper and lower sides of the measuring mechanism 4, respectively. As shown in FIG1, the bypass hole 31 is disposed through the cylinder wall of the main body 1, that is, the bypass hole 31 is located between the outer wall 1A and the inner wall 1B, and the central axis of the bypass hole 31 is parallel to the central axis of the flow passage 11. When the measuring mechanism 4 is disposed within the main body 1 and seals the flow passage 11, a portion of the fluid in the flow passage 11 will pass through the bypass hole 31 from top to bottom across the measuring mechanism 4 and continue to flow downstream.

[0058] In this configuration, after the measuring mechanism 4 seals the flow orifice 11, the fluid flows downwards within the orifice 11. During this period, a portion of the fluid flows downwards through the bypass orifice 31 without passing through the measuring mechanism 4, then merges back into the flow orifice 11 below the measuring mechanism 4 and flows to the next stage water distribution device 100. The remaining fluid flows downwards along the flow orifice 11 to the measuring mechanism 4, and then is injected into the target formation through the water injection mechanism 2.

[0059] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a bypass rod 32 is axially movable within the bypass hole 31. A first fixing member 33 is provided at the upper end of the main body 1, and a first elastic member 34 is provided between the first fixing member 33 and the bypass rod 32. That is, the axial ends of the first elastic member 34 abut against the first fixing member 33 and the bypass rod 32 respectively, so that the bypass rod 32 seals downward against the bypass hole 31 under the action of the first elastic member 34. Therefore, in the initial state, the bypass rod 32 closes the bypass hole 31.

[0060] According to the present invention, a switching mechanism 5 is coaxially rotatably provided at the lower end of the main body 1. The switching mechanism 5 is configured to actuate the bypass rod 32 to move coaxially up and down along the bypass hole 31, thereby realizing the opening and closing of the bypass hole 31. Specifically, the bypass hole 31 includes a first bypass hole section 311 and a second bypass hole section 312 coaxially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the diameter of the first bypass hole section 311 is larger than the diameter of the second bypass hole section 312. Under the elastic force of the first elastic member 34, the bypass rod 32 seals against the step formed between the first bypass hole section 311 and the second bypass hole section 312, thereby sealing the bypass hole 31.

[0061] The bypass rod 32 includes a first rod segment 321 and a second rod segment 322 coaxially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the diameter of the first rod segment 321 is larger than the diameter of the second rod segment 322. The first rod segment 321 is located within the first bypass hole segment 311, with its upper end abutting against the first elastic member 34, and its lower end face axially sealingly abutting against the upper end face of the second bypass hole segment 312, thereby sealing the bypass hole 31. The second rod segment 322 passes downward through the second bypass hole segment 312 and is adapted to the switching mechanism 5. In this way, the switching mechanism 5 can move the second rod segment 322 and the first rod segment 321 upward, thereby opening the bypass hole 31.

[0062] It is easy to understand that the diameter of the first rod segment 321 is set to be smaller than the diameter of the first bypass hole segment 311, thereby creating a gap between the first rod segment 321 and the first bypass hole segment 311 that allows fluid to flow. At the same time, the diameter of the second rod segment 322 is set to be smaller than the diameter of the second bypass hole segment 312, thereby also creating a gap between the second rod segment 322 and the second bypass hole segment 312 that allows fluid to flow.

[0063] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 1 and 4, the switching mechanism 5 includes a rotating body 51. The rotating body 51 is constructed in a hollow cylindrical shape. The rotating body 51 is connected to the lower end of the main body 1, and its hollow internal channel communicates with the flow hole 11 and also constitutes part of the flow hole 11. At least one switching groove 52 is provided on the upper end face of the rotating body 51. The switching groove 52 is constructed to include at least one high position, at least one low position, and a sliding surface connecting the high position and the low position.

[0064] When the bypass hole 31 is closed, the lower end face of the first segment 321 of the bypass rod 32 seals against the upper end face of the second bypass hole segment 312. The lower end of the second segment 322 of the bypass rod 32 passes through the second bypass hole segment 312 and engages with the lower part of the switch slot 52. When it is necessary to open the bypass hole 31, the rotating body 51 rotates relative to the main body 1, causing the second segment 322 to move upward along the sliding surface of the switch slot 52 and move to the higher part of the switch slot 52. In this way, the first segment 321 also moves upward with the second segment 322, thereby no longer sealing the upper end face of the second bypass hole segment 312, thus opening the bypass hole 31. After the bypass hole 31 is opened, the flow rate of the fluid injected into the target formation can be measured by setting a measuring mechanism 4 in the flow passage 11.

[0065] In this embodiment, the bypass orifice 31 is opened or closed by setting a bypass rod 32. When the measuring mechanism 4 is set in the flow passage 11 as shown in FIG1 to measure the flow rate, the bypass orifice 31 is opened. When the flow rate does not need to be measured, the measuring mechanism is no longer needed in the flow passage 11, and the bypass orifice 31 is closed.

[0066] When the bypass orifice 31 is open, on the one hand, it provides a channel for the fluid, allowing some of the fluid to bypass the measuring mechanism 4 and continue flowing downwards to the next stage water distribution device 100. The fluid in the flow passage 11 that has passed through the measuring mechanism 4 is ultimately injected into the target formation through the water injection mechanism 2 and the injection hole 12, thus the flow rate measured by the measuring mechanism 4 is the flow rate injected into the target formation. Therefore, the flow rate of the fluid injected into the target formation can be accurately measured by the measuring mechanism 4. On the other hand, the bypass orifice 31 acts as a pressure divider, reducing the fluid pressure in the flow passage 11, thereby reducing the fluid pressure difference at both ends of the rotating body 51 located in the flow passage 11. After the fluid pressure difference on the rotating body 51 decreases, the friction between it and other components also decreases, thereby reducing the torque required for the rotating body 51 during rotation and solving the problem of the rotating body 51 being difficult to rotate under high pressure and high flow conditions.

[0067] When the bypass orifice 31 is closed, all the fluid will flow downwards through the flow passage 11. This reduces the continuous scouring of the bypass mechanism 3 by the fluid under high pressure and large injection volume, thereby extending the tool's service life.

[0068] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in order to allow the fluid in the flow orifice 11 to enter the water injection mechanism 2, a first connecting hole 53 is radially provided on the side wall of the rotating body 51 of the switching mechanism 5. A cylinder 6 is coaxially provided on the outside of the main body 1, and the lower end of the rotating body 51 is sealed to the cylinder 6, thereby forming an annular space 54 between the outer wall of the rotating body 51 and the inner wall of the cylinder 6. The radially extending first connecting hole 53 is configured to connect the flow orifice 11 and the annular space 54. At the same time, the first connecting hole 53 is connected to the inlet hole 23 of the water injection mechanism 2 through the annular space 54. In this configuration, when the measuring mechanism 4 seals the flow orifice 11 and the water injection mechanism 2 is opened, the fluid in the flow orifice 11 can sequentially enter the water injection mechanism 2 through the measuring mechanism 4, the first connecting hole 53 and the annular space 54, and then be injected into the target formation through the injection hole 12 on the outer wall 1A of the main body 1 and the third connecting hole 621 radially provided on the cylinder wall of the cylinder 6.

[0069] According to the present invention, the lower end of the rotating body 51 and the cylinder 6 can be sealed by providing a sealing element (not shown in the figure). The sealing element can be provided between the lower end face of the rotating body 51 and the cylinder 6, or the sealing element can also be provided between the outer wall of the lower end of the rotating body 51 and the cylinder 6. Similar sealing structures are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0070] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in order to allow the fluid passing through the bypass mechanism 3 to flow smoothly over the measuring mechanism 4 downwards, a second connecting hole 55 is axially provided through the wall of the rotating body 51. As shown in Figures 1 and 4, the upper end of the second connecting hole 55 is connected to the bypass hole 31 through the switch slot 52, and the lower end of the second connecting hole 55 is connected to the flow passage 11 below the first connecting hole 53. The sealing position between the measuring mechanism 4 and the flow passage 11 is located between the lower end of the second connecting hole 55 and the first connecting hole 53. In this configuration, when the bypass hole 31 is opened, the fluid in the bypass hole 31 flows downwards through the second connecting hole 55 directly into the flow passage 11, thus bypassing the measuring mechanism 4 without affecting the measurement of the measuring mechanism 4.

[0071] It is easy to understand that the first connecting hole 53 is configured not to intersect with the second connecting hole 55. That is to say, the first connecting hole 53 is configured to be offset from the second connecting hole 55 in the circumferential direction.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment, the lower end face of the second rod segment 322 is a conical surface, and the switch groove 52 is configured with a conical surface adapted to the lower end of the second rod segment 322. The lowest point of the center of the conical surface of the switch groove 52 is the low position of the switch groove 52, the conical surface of the switch groove 52 is the sliding surface of the switch groove 52, and the edge of the switch groove 52 is the high position of the switch groove 52. The upper end of the second connecting hole 55 is configured to coaxially connect to the switch groove 52. In this configuration, when the bypass rod 32 closes the bypass hole 31, the second rod segment 322 and the switch groove 52 abut against each other in a sealing manner, which can play a sealing role, thereby enhancing the sealing effect of the bypass rod 32 on the bypass hole 31.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment, the second rod segment 322 is provided with axially extending ribs (not shown in the figure) on its exterior, with multiple ribs evenly distributed circumferentially on the second rod segment 322. The dimensions of the ribs are configured to fit the second bypass hole segment 312, thereby forming a sliding pair with the hole wall of the second bypass hole segment 312. Under the action of the ribs, the central axis of the second rod segment 322 can always coincide with the central centerline of the second bypass hole segment 312, and excessive frictional force will not be generated to hinder the axial movement of the second rod segment 322 relative to the second bypass hole segment 312. At the same time, a gap that allows fluid flow can be formed between the second rod segment 322 and the second bypass hole segment 312.

[0074] It is easy to understand that ribs can also be similarly provided on the first rod segment 321. When ribs are provided on the first rod segment 321, the size of the ribs is set to match the first bypass hole segment 311.

[0075] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG1, a second fixing member 56 is provided on the outer wall of the rotating body 51, and a second elastic member 57 is provided in the annular cavity 54. The upper and lower ends of the second elastic member 57 abut against the second fixing member 56 and the cylinder 6, respectively. With this arrangement, the second elastic member 57 can provide an upward force to the rotating body 51, thereby keeping the rotating body 51 in contact with the lower end face of the main body 1.

[0076] In this embodiment, the second fixing member 56 is configured to be approximately annular and coaxially fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating body 51. The second elastic member 57 is configured as a spring and coaxially sleeved on the outside of the rotating body 51.

[0077] In one specific embodiment, the cylinder 6 includes an outer cylinder 62 coaxially disposed outside the main body 1 and a lower connector 63 coaxially disposed at the lower end of the outer cylinder 62. The lower connector 63 can be sealed and fixed to the lower end of the outer cylinder 62 by means of a threaded connection. In this case, the lower end of the second elastic member 57 axially abuts against the lower connector 63, and the lower end of the rotating body 51 is sealed and connected to the lower connector 63.

[0078] Furthermore, a step 631 is provided inside the lower connector 63. When the rotating body 51 is sealed with the step 631 of the lower connector 63 by the seal provided on its lower end face, the lower end of the second elastic member 57 abuts against the step 631. When the rotating body 51 is sealed with the step 631 of the lower connector 63 (or with the inner wall of the lower connector 63) by the seal provided on the outer wall of its lower end, the lower end of the second elastic member 57 abuts against the seal.

[0079] According to the present invention, the switching mechanism 5 is also configured to regulate the flow rate of the fluid entering the water injection mechanism 2. As shown in Figures 1 and 4, the rotating body 51 includes an adjusting mechanism 58 that connects the water injection mechanism 2 and the annular space 54. The flow passage cross section of the adjusting mechanism 58 is configured to change when the rotating body 51 rotates relative to the main body 1, thereby regulating the flow rate of the fluid to the water injection mechanism 2.

[0080] Specifically, the regulating mechanism 58 includes one or more regulating holes 58A of different sizes disposed on the rotating body 51. The regulating hole 58A is configured to connect the water injection mechanism 2 and the flow passage 11. That is, the upper end face of the rotating body 51 is not connected to the lower end face of the water injection mechanism 2. The water injection mechanism 2 can only connect to the annular space 54 when the regulating hole 58A moves to coincide with the inlet hole 23 at the lower end face of the water injection mechanism 2. With this configuration, rotating the rotating body 51 relative to the main body 1 can adjust the degree of overlap between the regulating hole 58A and the inlet hole 23 of the water injection mechanism 2, or connect the regulating holes 58A of different sizes to the inlet of the water injection mechanism 2, thereby regulating the flow rate of the fluid entering the water injection mechanism 2.

[0081] Furthermore, to enable flow rate measurement during water adjustment, as shown in Figure 4, multiple switch slots 52 are sequentially arranged circumferentially on the upper surface of the rotating body 51. During the rotation of the rotating body 51 relative to the main body 1, when the second rod segment 322 is located between adjacent switch slots 52 (or outside the switch slot 52 at the circumferential end), the second rod segment 322 and the first rod segment 321 move upwards, thereby opening the bypass hole 31. Simultaneously, the overlap between the adjusting hole 58A and the inlet hole 23 of the water injection mechanism 2 also changes, thus achieving simultaneous flow rate measurement and adjustment.

[0082] It is easy to understand that since the second rod segment 322 and the switch slot 52 are connected by a conical surface fit, if the second rod segment 322 is not located at the lowest position of the switch slot 52 under the action of the first elastic element 34, then the second rod segment 322 will be pressed into the lowest position of the conical surface of the switch slot 52, thereby causing the rotating body 51 to rotate and the bypass hole 31 to be in the closed state. However, the bypass hole 31 will only be in the open state when the second rod segment 322 is located in a position other than the lowest point of the switch slot 52, so that the measuring mechanism 4 can accurately measure the amount of water injected into the target formation. In other words, when the rotating body 51 rotates to a certain angle, the second rod segment 322 is located between adjacent switch slots 52, and a certain adjusting hole 58A overlaps with the inlet hole 23 of the water injection mechanism 2, assuming that the value measured by the measuring mechanism 4 is the target value, but without external force, the rotating body 51 will eventually rotate slightly by a small angle due to the conical surface between the second rod segment 322 and the switch slot 52, changing the overlap between the adjusting hole 58A and the inlet hole 23 of the water injection mechanism 2, thereby changing the flow rate. Therefore, the smaller the distance between adjacent switch slots 52, the higher the measurement and adjustment accuracy of the present invention.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG4, a limiting groove 59 is provided on the side wall of the rotating body 51. Correspondingly, a limiting member (not shown in the figure) adapted to the limiting groove 59 is provided on the inner wall of the outer cylinder 62 of the cylindrical body 6. The limiting member and the limiting groove 59 cooperate with each other to limit the rotation angle of the rotating body 51.

[0084] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the water injection mechanism 2 is configured as a one-way valve.

[0085] In one specific embodiment, the water injection mechanism 2 includes a switching piston 22, a first elastic element 34, and a first fixing element 33. A piston hole 21 is axially arranged within the main body 1, and the lower end of the piston hole 21 serves as the inlet hole 23 of the water injection mechanism 2. An injection hole 12, located on the outer wall 1A of the main body 1, connects the piston hole 21 to the outside. The switching piston 22 is movably disposed within the piston hole 21, and the upper and lower ends of the first elastic element 34 abut against the first fixing element 33 and the switching piston 22, respectively. In the initial state, the side of the switching piston 22 blocks the injection hole 12, thereby closing it. In the injection state, the lower end of the switching piston 22 moves upward under the fluid pressure from the flow hole 11, thus exposing the injection hole 12. At this time, the water injection mechanism 2 opens.

[0086] In this embodiment, the first elastic member 34 is sleeved within the cavity 13 formed between the outer wall 1A and the inner wall 1B of the main body 1. When the bypass hole 31 and the injection hole 12 are closed, the upper end face of the bypass rod 32 is flush with the upper end face of the switch piston 22. The first fixing member 33 is generally annular and is provided at the upper end of the main body 1 by means of a threaded connection, that is, the first fixing member 33 is provided at the upper end of the cavity 13. A fourth connecting hole 331 is provided axially through the first fixing member 33, so that the fluid in the flow hole 11 can enter the bypass hole 31 through the bayonet 141.

[0087] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the annular cavity 13 may not be provided in the cylindrical wall of the main body 1. In this case, both the bypass hole 31 and the piston hole 21 directly penetrate the main body 1 axially. At this time, the bypass hole 31 and the piston hole 21 are equivalent to the original cavity provided in the cylindrical wall of the main body 1, and the original annular cavity 13 is changed into two independent channels. The number of the first fixing member 33 and the first elastic member 34 is both set to two, that is, the upper ends of the bypass hole 31 and the piston hole 21 are respectively provided with a first fixing member 33 by means of threaded connection. A first elastic member 34 is respectively provided in the bypass hole 31 and the piston hole 21. A fourth connecting hole 331 is provided axially through the first fixing member 33 provided in the upper end of the bypass hole 31.

[0088] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the cylinder 6 further includes an upper connector 61 fixedly disposed at the upper end of the outer cylinder 62 by means of a threaded connection. The lower end face of the upper connector 61 axially abuts against the upper end face of the first fixing member 33. In this configuration, the upper connector 61 directly or indirectly abuts against the first fixing member 33, the main body 1, the rotating body 51, and the lower connector 63, thereby confining the main body 1 and the rotating body 51 between the upper connector 61 and the lower connector 63.

[0089] Furthermore, the upper connector 61 and the lower connector 63 are connected to other downhole tools or tubing upstream and downstream, respectively, so that fluid can flow along the tubing.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment, the upper connector 61 and the outer cylinder 62 are fixedly connected by a pin, making the connection more secure.

[0091] According to the present invention, as shown in FIG3, the measuring mechanism 4 further includes a first jaw 45 and a second jaw 46 disposed on the test body 41, the first jaw 45 being disposed above the second jaw 46. The first jaw 45 and the second jaw 46 are configured to be radially extendable.

[0092] A connecting cylinder 14 is coaxially fixed to the upper end of the main body 1 via a threaded connection. A bayonet 141 is provided on the wall of the connecting cylinder 14. A first jaw 45 is adapted to the bayonet 141, and a second jaw 46 is adapted to the first connecting hole 53 on the rotating body 51. That is, when the first jaw 45 and the second jaw 46 are radially extended, they can respectively extend into the bayonet 141 and the first connecting hole 53. Then, when the first jaw 45 rotates relative to the second jaw 46, the rotating body 51 can rotate relative to the main body 1.

[0093] It is easy to understand that the first clamp 45 and the second clamp 46 will not seal the clamping opening 141 and the first connecting hole 53. The specific structure of the first clamp 45 and the second clamp 46, as well as the structure of the first clamp 45 rotating relative to the second clamp 46, are well known to those skilled in the art, and the specific structure can be referred to in existing water distribution measuring instruments.

[0094] The water distribution device of this invention is made of 17-4ph high-strength stainless steel, which improves the overall anti-puncture capability.

[0095] The rotating body 51 of the switching mechanism 5 of the present invention is made of PEK high-strength material. This not only improves strength, but also further reduces the dynamic friction coefficient between the rotating body and the main body 1 in high-pressure applications at the bottom of the well, adapting to measurement and adjustment under high-pressure conditions and improving the safety of the tool.

[0096] According to the present invention, a water distribution measurement method is also provided, which uses the water distribution device 100 provided according to the present invention to perform water distribution measurement, and includes the following steps.

[0097] Step a1: As shown in Figure 3, lower the measuring mechanism 4 into the flow hole 11.

[0098] Step a2: Insert the first claw 45 and the second claw 46 into the bayonet 141 and the first connecting hole 53 respectively, so that the first claw 45 and the second claw 46 are fixed to the connecting cylinder 14 and the rotating body 51 respectively.

[0099] Step a3: Open the first rubber cup 42 and the second rubber cup 43 radially, and seal the flow hole 11 in the position described above in this specification. The structure of the first rubber cup 42 and the second rubber cup 43 opening radially is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0100] It is easy to understand that the order of steps a2 and a3 can be interchanged, or they can be performed simultaneously.

[0101] Step a4: Under the action of the current signal, the second jaw 46 generates a circular motion around the axis relative to the first jaw 45. Under the action of torque, it drives the rotating body 51 to rotate relative to the main body 1. The rotating body 51 rotates until the bypass rod 32 moves upward relative to the bypass hole 31, thereby opening the bypass hole 31. At this time, the flow rate read by the test body 41 is the flow rate injected into the target formation. The water distribution measurement can be completed by directly reading the flow rate measured by the test body 41.

[0102] Step a5: Move the measuring mechanism 4 to the remaining water distribution device 100 to perform another measurement or remove it from the well.

[0103] According to the present invention, if the bypass rod 32 is not provided in the bypass hole 31, then the above steps a2 and a4 are not required. After the first rubber cup 42 and the second rubber cup 43 seal the flow hole 11, the water distribution measurement can be completed by directly reading the flow rate measured by the test body 41.

[0104] According to the present invention, a water distribution measurement and adjustment method is also provided, which uses the water distribution device 100 provided according to the present invention to perform water distribution measurement and adjustment, including the following steps.

[0105] Step b1: As shown in Figure 3, lower the measuring mechanism 4 into the flow hole 11.

[0106] Step b2: Insert the first claw 45 and the second claw 46 into the bayonet 141 and the first connecting hole 53 respectively, so that the first claw 45 and the second claw 46 are fixed to the connecting cylinder 14 and the rotating body 51 respectively.

[0107] In step b3, the first rubber cup 42 and the second rubber cup 43 are radially opened, and the flow hole 11 is sealed in the position described above in this specification. The structure of the first rubber cup 42 and the second rubber cup 43 being radially opened is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0108] It is easy to understand that the order of steps b2 and b3 can be interchanged, or they can be performed simultaneously.

[0109] Step b4: Under the action of the current signal, the second claw 46 generates a circular motion around the axis relative to the first claw 45. Under the action of torque, it drives the rotating body 51 to rotate relative to the main body 1. The rotating body 51 rotates until the bypass rod 32 moves upward relative to the bypass hole 31, thereby opening the bypass hole 31. At this time, the flow rate read by the test body 41 is the flow rate injected into the target formation. The water distribution measurement can be completed by directly reading the flow rate measured by the test body 41.

[0110] In step b5, the second claw 46, under the influence of the current signal, undergoes circular motion relative to the first claw 45 around its axis, pausing briefly after rotating by the phase angle of an adjacent switch slot 52. Simultaneously, the overlap between the adjusting hole 58A and the inlet of the water injection mechanism 2 changes (or different sized adjusting holes 58A overlap with the inlet of the water injection mechanism 2). After the flow rate measured by the test body 41 stabilizes, the flow rate measured by the test body 41 is read.

[0111] Step b6: Repeat step b5 until the error between the flow rate measured by test body 41 and the flow rate to be injected into the target formation is within the set threshold range.

[0112] Step b7: Retract the first jaw 45 and the second jaw 46, thereby disengaging the first jaw 45 and the second jaw 46 from the connecting cylinder 14 and the rotating body 51, respectively. Radially retract the first rubber cup 42 and the second rubber cup 43. Move the measuring mechanism 4 to the remaining water distribution device 100 for further measurement and adjustment, or remove it from the well.

[0113] Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the layered pressure-driven tubing 1000 according to the present invention. As shown in Figure 6, the layered pressure-driven tubing 1000 includes a top injection unit 200 and at least one layer injection unit 300 arranged coaxially from top to bottom.

[0114] In a preferred embodiment, a well-washing valve 401 is disposed below the lowest injection unit 300. Preferably, the well-washing valve 401 is a double-valve well-washing valve.

[0115] This embodiment uses a top injection unit 200 and a layer injection unit 300 as an example for illustration.

[0116] As shown in Figure 6, the top injection unit 200 of the layered pressure drive string 1000 includes a compensator 201, a top packer 202, and a water distribution device 100 arranged coaxially from top to bottom according to the present invention. The layer injection unit 300 of the layered pressure drive string 1000 includes an interlayer packer 301, a slip 302, and a water distribution device 100 arranged coaxially from top to bottom. All the aforementioned downhole tools, such as the compensator 201, the top packer 202, the water distribution device 100, the interlayer packer 301, the slip 302, and the well-washing valve 401, are connected via tubing or their own threaded connections, and different lengths of tubing can be connected between the downhole tools according to the actual depth.

[0117] In one specific embodiment, the compensator 201 contains a first locking block that secures the inner cylinder of the compensator 201. This first locking block can transmit axial tensile force and rotational torque, and can be used in conjunction with a rotary-setting mechanical packer and a safety joint. When the pressure inside the tubing reaches a first pressure, the first locking block pops out, and the compensator 201 begins to compensate for the axial expansion and contraction of the tubing string.

[0118] In one specific embodiment, the top packer 202 is a mechanically set compression packer, including a backlock safety mechanism, an anchoring release mechanism, a backwash sealing mechanism, and a support setting mechanism. The anchor teeth of the anchoring release mechanism are controlled by the internal pressure of the stratified pressure drive tubing 1000. The backwash sealing mechanism is provided with a backwash channel to balance the pressure at the top and bottom of the packer. The backlock safety mechanism is provided with a second locking block to transmit rotational torque. When the pressure inside the stratified pressure drive tubing 1000 rises from the first pressure to the second pressure, the second locking block of the backlock safety mechanism in the top packer 202 pops out, allowing the tubing to be rotated clockwise to disengage. The anchor teeth and anchor body of the anchoring release mechanism can be milled using wellbore processing tools.

[0119] In one specific embodiment, the interlayer packer 301 is a hydraulically set compression packer, including a balancing mechanism, a setting mechanism, and a release mechanism, to prevent premature setting, premature release, and blowout during tubing tripping, and to achieve step-by-step release. The setting mechanism includes a setting shear pin, a locking block, a locking sleeve, and a rubber sleeve, while the release mechanism includes a release block. When the tubing pressure is increased to the first pressure, the well-washing channel of the interlayer packer 301 closes, the setting shear pin is sheared, the locking block is released, the locking sleeve is limited, and the rubber sleeve seals. When the tubing string is lifted to release the packer, the release block of the interlayer packer 301 releases, and as the tubing continues to be lifted, the central tubing makes room, and the rebound force of the rubber sleeve drives the locking sleeve downward, thus releasing the interlayer packer 301.

[0120] In one specific embodiment, slip 302 is an easy-retractable hydraulic slip, including a safe lowering mechanism and a safe retrieval mechanism, improving the reliability and safety of the tool. When the pressure inside the tubing reaches the first pressure, the pressure sleeve of slip 302 shears off the seat clip, releasing the locking block. The pressure sleeve pushes the slip support upward, and the slip teeth extend. When the tubing is lifted to release the seal, the central tube of slip 302 drives the slip support piston upward, creating space. The slip support loses its support, and the slip is released.

[0121] In one specific embodiment, the well-washing valve 401 is a double-valve well-washing valve, including a constant-pressure sealing structure and a bridge-type sand-sinking structure. The double-valve constant-pressure sealing structure improves the reliability of the tool seal, allowing solid deposits inside the tubing to settle into the tailpipe through the bridge-type sand-sinking channel. After the tubing pressure is released, when the casing pressure rises to the first pressure, the upper valve pushes open the sealing spring, opening the backwashing channel.

[0122] It should be noted that the compensator 201, top packer 202, interlayer packer 301, slip 302, and double valve well washing valve 401 are existing technologies with the functions described in this invention, and those skilled in the art are clear about their structures.

[0123] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0124] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0125] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0126] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water distribution device, characterized in that, include: The main body (1) includes an outer wall (1A), an inner wall (1B), a cavity (13) formed between the outer wall (1A) and the inner wall (1B), and a flow hole (11) formed in the inner wall (1B). A radially extending injection hole (12) is provided on the outer wall (1A). A water injection mechanism (2) is provided in the cavity (13), the water injection mechanism (2) being configured to open or close the injection hole (12) in response to the pressure in the flow hole (11); A measuring mechanism (4) for measuring flow rate is provided in the flow passage (11). The measuring mechanism (4) is configured to allow the fluid in the flow passage (11) to flow out of the main body (1) through the water injection mechanism (2) and the injection hole (12) and enter the formation. A bypass mechanism (3) is provided in the cavity (13). The bypass mechanism (3) is configured to be connected in parallel with the flow hole (11), so that at least a portion of the fluid can bypass the measuring mechanism (4) and flow downward out of the water distribution device. as well as A switching mechanism (5) is provided at the lower end of the main body (1), the switching mechanism (5) being configured to rotate relative to the main body (1) to open or close the bypass mechanism (3).

2. The water distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching mechanism (5) includes a rotating body (51) that is anti-torsionally connected to the measuring mechanism (4). The rotating body (51) is configured to rotate relative to the main body (1) so as to open or close the bypass mechanism (3) during rotation, while regulating the flow rate of fluid entering the water injection mechanism (2).

3. The water distribution device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The measuring mechanism (4) includes a test body (41) for measuring the fluid flow rate in the flow passage (11), and the bypass mechanism (3) includes a bypass hole (31) extending along the axial direction. The upper and lower ends of the bypass hole (31) are respectively connected to the flow passage (11) on the upper and lower sides of the test body (41) of the measuring mechanism (4) along the axial direction.

4. The water distribution device according to claim 3, characterized in that, A bypass rod (32) is provided in the bypass hole (31), a first fixing member (33) is provided at the upper end of the main body (1), and a first elastic member (34) for biasing the bypass rod (32) is provided between the first fixing member (33) and the bypass rod (32). The switching mechanism (5) is configured to enable the bypass rod (32) to move axially within the bypass hole (31), thereby opening or closing the bypass hole (31).

5. The water distribution device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bypass hole (31) includes a first bypass hole section (311) and a second bypass hole section (312) arranged coaxially from top to bottom. The diameter of the first bypass hole section (311) is larger than the diameter of the second bypass hole section (312). The bypass rod (32) is configured to axially seal against the stepped surface formed between the first bypass hole section (311) and the second bypass hole section (312).

6. The water distribution device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bypass rod (32) includes a first rod segment (321) and a second rod segment (322) arranged coaxially from top to bottom. The lower end face of the first rod segment (321) is configured to axially seal against the stepped surface. The second rod segment (322) passes downward through the second bypass hole segment (312) and is adapted to the switching mechanism (5).

7. The water distribution device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that, At least one switch slot (52) is provided on the upper end face of the rotating body (51). The switch slot (52) is configured to push the bypass rod (32) to move up and down in the bypass hole (31) when the rotating body (51) rotates relative to the main body (1), thereby opening or closing the bypass hole (31).

8. The water distribution device according to claim 7, characterized in that, Multiple switch slots (52) are provided circumferentially on the upper end surface of the rotating body (51), and each switch slot (52) is constructed in a conical shape. The lower end of the bypass rod (32) is constructed in a conical shape that is adapted to the switch slot (52).

9. The water distribution device according to claim 7, characterized in that, A cylinder (6) is coaxially disposed outside the main body (1). The lower end of the rotating body (51) is sealed to the cylinder (6). The water injection mechanism (2) communicates with the annular space (54) formed between the cylinder (6) and the rotating body (51). A first connecting hole (53) extending radially is provided on the rotating body (51) to connect the flow hole (11) and the annular space (54). A second connecting hole (55) extending axially is provided inside the rotating body (51). The upper end of the second connecting hole (55) communicates with the bypass hole (31), and the lower end communicates with the flow hole (11) below the first connecting hole (53).

10. The water distribution device according to claim 9, characterized in that, A second fixing member (56) is provided on the outer wall of the rotating body (51), and a second elastic member (57) is provided in the annular space (54). The upper and lower ends of the second elastic member (57) abut against the second fixing member (56) and the cylinder (6) respectively.

11. The water distribution device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The rotating body (51) also includes an adjusting mechanism (58) that connects the water injection mechanism (2) and the annulus (54). The flow cross section of the adjusting mechanism (58) is configured to change as the rotating body (51) rotates relative to the main body (1), thereby adjusting the fluid flow rate to the water injection mechanism (2).

12. The water distribution device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The adjusting mechanism (58) includes an adjusting hole (58A), wherein the degree of overlap between the adjusting hole (58A) and the inlet hole (23) of the water injection mechanism (2) changes as the rotating body (51) rotates relative to the main body (1), or, The adjustment mechanism (58) includes multiple adjustment holes (58A) of different sizes, wherein when the rotating body (51) rotates relative to the main body (1), the adjustment holes (58A) of different sizes are connected to the water injection mechanism (2).

13. The water distribution device according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that, The measuring mechanism (4) further includes a first rubber cup (42) disposed on the outer wall of the test body (41) for sealing the flow hole (11). The first rubber cup (42) is located below the first connecting hole (53), and the lower end of the bypass mechanism (3) communicates with the flow hole (11) below the first rubber cup (42).

14. The water distribution device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The test body (41) is constructed as a hollow cylindrical shape with the lower end closed. A second rubber cup (43) for sealing the flow hole (11) is provided on the outer wall of the test body (41). The first connecting hole (53) is located below the second rubber cup (43). A through hole (44) is provided on the cylindrical wall of the test body (41). The through hole (44) is located between the first rubber cup (42) and the second rubber cup (43).

15. The water distribution device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, The measuring mechanism (4) includes a first jaw (45) and a second jaw (46) that are coaxially rotatable relative to each other and spaced apart along the axial direction. The first jaw (45) and the second jaw (46) are configured to be connected to the main body (1) and the switching mechanism (5) respectively, so that the switching mechanism (5) rotates relative to the main body (1).

16. The water distribution device according to any one of claims 4 to 13, characterized in that, The water injection mechanism (2) includes: A piston bore (21) extending axially; and A switch piston (22) is movable and disposed within the piston hole (21). The upper and lower ends of the first elastic member (34) are respectively configured to abut against the first fixing member (33) and the switch piston (22); The switching piston (22) is configured to close the injection port (12) in the initial state and open the injection port (12) by moving upward under the pressure of the fluid from the flow port (11).

17. The water distribution device according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that, The cylinder (6) includes an upper connector (61), an outer cylinder (62) and a lower connector (63) arranged coaxially from top to bottom. The lower end face of the upper connector (61) abuts against the upper end face of the first fixing member (33), and the rotating body (51) is sealed to the lower connector (63).

18. A method for measuring water distribution, characterized in that, Water distribution measurement is performed using the water distribution device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein after the measuring mechanism (4) is inserted into the well, the switching mechanism (5) is rotated relative to the main body (1) to open the bypass mechanism (3), and then the flow rate value measured by the measuring mechanism (4) is read.

19. A layered pressure-driven tubing string, characterized in that, It includes a top injection unit (200) and at least one layer injection unit (300) connected coaxially in sequence, wherein both the top injection unit (200) and the layer injection unit (300) include a water distribution device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

20. The layered pressure-driven tubing according to claim 19, characterized in that, The top injection unit (200) includes a compensator (201), a top packer (202), and a water distribution device (100) connected coaxially in sequence; the layer injection unit (300) includes an interlayer packer (301), a slip (302), and a water distribution device (100) connected in sequence; the lower end of the bottommost layer injection unit (300) is connected to a well-washing valve (401).

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