An air pollution-reducing algae panel mechanism integrated into a building faÇade

Abstract

An algae-based air pollution reduction mechanism integrated into a building façade comprises photobioreactor panels (20) containing microalgae to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2), produce biomass, and release oxygen (O2). An air suction mechanism (10) captures polluted air and directs it to a central laboratory (50), where CO2 is separated and supplied to the panels. A gray water collection system stores and mixes gray water with algal powder for the panels. A panel rotation mechanism (40) optimizes solar absorption, while a degassing unit extracts and releases O2. Sensors monitor pollution levels, activating the air suction mechanism (10) when pollutants exceed a threshold, facilitating CO2 conversion into biomass and O2 through the photobioreactor panels (20).

Description

DescriptionTitle of Invention : An air pollution-reducing algae panel mechanism integrated into a building facadeTechnical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to architectural technology and environmental technologies aimed at reducing energy consumption in buildings. Specifically, carbon dioxide (CO2) capture systems, air purification and pollution reduction using microalgae and algae panels.Background Art

[0002] Microalgae have emerged as a promising solution for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, air purification, and pollution reduction due to their rapid growth rates and high photosynthetic efficiency. They can sequester CO210 to 50 times more effectively than terrestrial plants, converting it into biomass and releasing oxygen.

[0003] Recent advancements in this field include innovative applications such as the AlgenAir aerium, which utilizes microalgae to transform indoor CO2into oxygen, thereby enhancing air quality.

[0004] A photobioreactor-based air purification system has been implemented in urban environments, utilizing microalgae to capture and convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen through a controlled photosynthetic process. This system functions as an urban air purifier, effectively reducing atmospheric CO2levels and contributing to air quality improvement in densely populated areas. The photobioreactor integrates transparent enclosures, aeration mechanisms, and optimized nutrient circulation, ensuring optimal microalgal growth and maximized CO2fixation rates.

[0005] Furthermore, microalgae-based carbon capture systems have demonstrated a CO2fixation capacity up to 50 times higher than terrestrial plants, making them a viable solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in both industrial and municipal settings. These systems can be deployed as standalone urban installations or integrated into building facades and infrastructure, contributing to sustainable city development and carbon neutrality goalsThese developmentshighlight the potential of microalgae and algae panels in mitigating CO2emissions and improving air quality through natural and sustainable processes.

[0006] There are some patent documents which disclose relative technologies, for example:

[0007] The PCT Application No.W02007098150 pertains to photobioreactors that comprise a set of modules and methods for cultivating and harvesting algae and cyanobacteria. This photobioreactor features first and second side walls, with at least one being transparent, along with end walls and a bottom vessel. It incorporates an aeration system to ensure fluid circulation and a temperature control system to regulate fluid temperature. Designed with extended sidewalls and base, it is well-suited for use as an industrial flat-panel photobioreactor.

[0008] In contrast, the present patent document introduces an adaptive algae fagade mechanism that moves with the sun’s position, whereas in the W02007098150 patent, none of the walls are designed to move with sunlight. Additionally, the current invention includes an air pollution detection sensor, which directs polluted air through fagade-integrated channels into storage tanks. The system then separates pollutants and transfers CO2into the biomass production circuit

[0009] US Pat. App. No. US20220408660 describes a system for transmitting sunlight to greenhouses, which includes a light concentrator, which is adjusted via a primary drive mechanism to track the sun, some reflectors and lenses that collect and direct sunlight to plants and a mechanism to reduce energy loss and utilize sunlight for electricity or heat generation.

[0010] The present invention employs a dual-layer algae fagade positioned in front of the building’s main fagade. Additionally, unlike the US20220408660 application, where only the light concentrator moves, the present invention features complicates panels that move with the sun to optimize photosynthetic conditions.Summary of Invention

[0011] This innovative system transforms a building fagade into a functional photobioreactor that captures carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air, utilizes gray water as a nutrient source, and cultivates microalgae to produce biomass while releasing oxygen. The process begins with air monitoring and collection, where embedded sensors detect elevated CO2levels and activate exhaust fans to drawin polluted air. This air is then directed through a filtration system that removes dust and particulate matter before undergoing CO2separation via semipermeable membranes or chemical absorption using amine-based solutions.

[0012] Simultaneously, the system collects gray water from sinks, showers, and washing machines, storing and treating it to extract essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. This nutrient-rich water is then mixed with algal powder to create an optimal medium for microalgae growth. The separated CO2is injected into a circulating network and transferred to photobioreactor panels integrated into the building fagade, where it dissolves into the nutrient medium to enhance biomass production.

[0013] The system ensures optimal growth conditions by employing light and temperature regulation mechanisms, including photometric and thermal sensors that adjust the orientation of the panels for maximum solar exposure. A mixing system utilizing airlift technology evenly distributes CO2and nutrients, enhancing photosynthesis without causing cellular damage. As microalgae grow, they absorb CO2and release oxygen, which is removed via degassing units equipped with vacuum membranes.

[0014] Once the biomass reaches a sufficient concentration, it is harvested and processed for various applications, including biofuel production, nutraceuticals, and industrial bio-products. This fully integrated fagade assembly not only reduces urban carbon emissions but also transforms buildings into self-sustaining bioenergy units, contributing to cleaner air, renewable energy generation, and sustainable urban development.

[0015] The algal fagade assembly operates through an integrated multi-step process designed to purify air, produce oxygen, and generate valuable biomass.

[0016] The process begins with air intake and initial purification, where fans and suction motors extract polluted air, passing it through filters to remove suspended particles and dust. Once purified, the system proceeds with carbon dioxide (CO2) separation, isolating CO2from other gases such as nitrogen and oxygen.

[0017] Simultaneously, gray water from the building is collected and treated, then transferred to a storage tank, where it is mixed with microalgae. This algae- infused water is then pumped into the algal panels through an integrated pipingsystem. Once inside the panels, the separated CO2is injected into the aquatic culture system, enriching the environment for the microalgae to thrive.

[0018] With exposure to sunlight, the photosynthesis process is activated, allowing microalgae to absorb solar energy and produce ATP and NADPH, converting CO2into glucose and releasing oxygen. During low-light or nighttime conditions, LEDs simulate sunlight to sustain the photosynthetic process. The oxygen generated is then extracted and released into the environment, enhancing air quality.Meanwhile, the system also manages the biomass production resulting from microalgal growth. The harvested biomass is collected from the panel outputs and transferred to laboratories for further processing, where it can be utilized in industries such as biofuels, dietary supplements, and cosmetics.Technical Problem

[0019] With the increasing air pollution in urban areas and its negative effects on human health and the environment, there is a growing need for solutions to reduce pollution and improve air quality. One of the main gases contributing to air pollution is the rise of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, which is recognized as a primary driver of climate change and global warming.

[0020] Additionally, the production and wastage of greywater by buildings have become a technical challenge, as the consumption of treated water for household use has significantly increased. On the other hand, global warming, climate change, and droughts have led to the depletion of natural water resources, causing water crises in many countries. One effective approach to improving these conditions is water recovery and reuse. Greywater, due to its lower contamination level compared to wastewater and sewage, is an ideal candidate for recycling. The treatment process plays a crucial role in bringing greywater to suitable standards for reuse.

[0021] In this regard, the present invention introduces an innovative solution by incorporating algae panels on building facades, combined with air suction motors to absorb CO2and reduce air pollution while utilizing the building’s greywater to address these technical challenges. Furthermore, this system contributes to oxygen production for the city, building ventilation, and biomass generation, which can be used for electricity production and other applications.

[0022] The primary goal of this invention is to reduce urban air pollution by capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) using air suction motors on the building facade and producing oxygen through microalgae, thereby improving air quality. Additionally, it aims to reduce water consumption within the building and enable self-sustained electricity generation.

[0023] These panels operate through a simultaneous mechanical-chemical process, enabling oxygen and biomass production at the same time, ultimately helping to improve air quality and combat climate change. Another objective of this invention is the optimal utilization of greywater to provide essential nutrients for microalgae, thereby reducing water consumption, lowering water treatment costs, and generating electricity for the building’s use.Solution to Problem

[0024] A double-skin corridor fagade for buildings allows air movement between the two layers and the exterior while considering factors such as ambient light and solar heating. The second skin, serving as a microalgae cultivation platform, is positioned in front of the first layer and intelligently detects sunlight direction, rotating towards the angle that receives maximum solar exposure.

[0025] Air is drawn in through surrounding fagade channels and transferred to laboratory unit via motors or pumps. After an air separation process, the components of the air are isolated, and CO2is directed into a piping network inside the channels for biomass production. When insufficient sunlight is available on a given fagade, lights between the two skins activate to ensure proper illumination for the panels.

[0026] The secondary fagade, designed as a photobioreactor (PBR), consists of microalgae cultivation panels that rotate via gears and a belt-driven motor. The system includes water and CO2circulation networks to support microalgae growth, ultimately yielding biomass, heated water, and O2

[0027] The panel rotation mechanism in the present invention operates using a motor, a gearbox, a belt, and several gears.To generate rotational force, an electric motor along with a gearbox is used in this mechanism. A pinion gear is mounted on the output shaft of the motor and gearbox. On the other hand, at the lower end of each panel, there is a shaft that serves as the rotation axis. Anotherpinion gear is installed on this shaft.When the motor starts operating, the force it generates is transmitted through the output shaft to the gear mounted on the gearbox. This force is then transferred via the timing belt to the panel gear. As a result, the shaft connected to the panel rotates, causing the panel to turn to the desired angle.Advantageous Effects of Invention

[0028] The algal fagade or Photobioreactor (PBR) is designed to improve air quality by producing oxygen (O2) and capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) through the process of photosynthesis. Additionally, the algae cultivated within these biofacades have the potential to be converted into renewable energy sources, such as biomass or biofuel.

[0029] In this invention, biological systems found in nature are applied as a secondary skin, incorporating existing microalgae while integrating smart biofacade technologies. This invention stands out for its multifunctional approach: it tackles air pollution, produces valuable biomass, recycles waste water, and integrates seamlessly into urban infrastructure — all while operating sustainably with solar energy and smart automation. By addressing environmental challenges and offering economic benefits, it represents a forward-thinking solution for cities aiming to improve air quality and sustainability.Brief Description of Drawings

[0030] [Some embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which:

[0031] Fig.1 shows a process flowchart illustrating the biomass production process within the air pollution-reducing algae panel.

[0032] Fig.2 shows a schematic view of the algae panels and other components of mechanism as second layer of a building facade.

[0033] Fig. 3 shows two views of the algae panel assembly.

[0034] Fig. 4 shows a view of the algae panel assembly, panel frame and side channels.

[0035] Fig.5 shows an exploded view of the separated components of the algae panel assembly and the fluid inlet and outlet assembly.

[0036] Fig.6 shows a view of^ he spiral distribution pipes represent the fluid inlet and outlet assembly and the laboratory.

[0037] Fig. 7 shows a view of the air suction components and air ducts.

[0038] Fig. 8 shows a view of the panel rotating mechanism, in which the panel is in the first counterclockwise rotation state.

[0039] Fig. 9 shows a view of the panel rotating mechanism t, in which the panel is in the first clockwise rotation state.

[0040] Fig. 10 shows a view of the details of the components of the panel rotating mechanism .]Description of Embodiments

[0041] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings that show, by way of illustration, specific details and embodiments in which the application may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the application. Other embodiments may be utilized and structural, mechanical, and electrical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the application. The various embodiments are not necessarily mutually exclusive, as some embodiments can be combined with one or more other embodiments to form new embodiments.

[0042] The terms “a” or “an” in the following description may be used, as is common in patent documents, to include one or more than one. The term “or” the following description may be used to refer to nonexclusive or, such that “A or B” includes “A but not B,” “B but not A,” and “A and B,” unless otherwise indicated.

[0043] In the air pollution-reducing algae panel introduced in the present document, a series of mechanical-chemical processes take place on the building fagade. By absorbing CO2from the surrounding air, utilizing microalgae, and employing the building's gray water, the system reduces air pollution while contributing to biomass production and oxygen generation. The biomass production process within the air pollution-reducing algae panel is detailed in the following section, with a process flowchart presented in Figure 1 .

[0044] Step 1 : Sensors embedded in the fagade monitor the concentration of air pollutants, particularly carbon dioxide. Once pollutant levels reach a predefinedthreshold, the exhaust fans (14) powered by motors (15) activate, drawing air into the ducts (11 a to 11 c, etc.) and subsequently transporting it to the pollutant separation chambers in the building’s central laboratory (50). In the main embodiment of the invention, horizontal ducts (11 ) are connected to air inlets, while a vertical duct links all ducts to the laboratory unit. Several fans (14) (depending on the coverage area) are installed at the duct inlets to generate sufficient suction force, ensuring the intake of polluted air into the biomass production cycle.

[0045] The fans (14) can be either axial or centrifugal, selected based on the required airflow capacity. Each fan (14) is driven by an electric motor (15) supplying the necessary rotational energy. These motors can be equipped with encoders for speed control and energy consumption optimization.

[0046] To remove dust and particulate pollutants, the polluted air is passed through filter panels installed within the ducts before entering the laboratory. Like any electromechanical system, the air suction mechanism described in this patent document includes a control unit comprising an electrical panel, sensors, and automated controllers to regulate fan speed and monitor air quality, with details that are evident to experts in the field. The collected air undergoes analysis in the laboratory unit, where carbon dioxide is extracted from the polluted air.

[0047] In the main embodiment of the invention, semipermeable membranes are used for CO2separation. In this case, the membranes selectively allow the passage of one or more specific gases while blocking others. The separation process is based on differences in molecular size, solubility, or gas permeability through the membrane material.

[0048] The process functions as follows: first, the airflow is directed toward the polymeric membrane. Due to its higher solubility and permeability, CO2passes through the membrane more quickly, while gases such as nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2), which have lower permeability, remain on the other side of the membrane. The CO2separation system using semipermeable membranes consists of a membrane module, a compressor, and a gas pre-processing system. The membrane module, which comprises multiple membranes arranged in a compact structure, separates CO2from other gases based on differences inpermeability. The compressor provides the necessary pressure for gas flow through the membrane and creates a pressure differential across the membrane.

[0049] In an alternative embodiment of the invention, CO2separation is achieved through chemical absorption using amines. This system requires equipment such as an absorption tower, a regeneration tower, a heat exchanger, and circulation pumps. In the absorption tower, an amine solution (such as monoethanolamine) comes into contact with C02-containing gas, chemically absorbing the CO2. The saturated solution is then transferred to the regeneration tower, where heat is applied using a reboiler to release the absorbed CO2.

[0050] Step 2:

[0051] The building’s gray water is collected in designated storage tanks or reservoirs within the central laboratory (50). A controlled portion of this water, containing essential nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Iron, Magnesium, and Zinc), is then mixed with algal powder. Gray water consists of used water from sinks, showers, and washing machines, which contains significant amounts of organic and inorganic compounds for example Phosphorus and Nitrogen. These elements serve as essential nutrients in macronutrients and micronutrients forms for microalgae growth. The gray water collection system gathers, filters, and processes the water before directing it into a storage tank or storage unit.

[0052] On the other hand, microalgae require phosphates and nitrates as primary elements for photosynthesis and biomass generation. Gray water serves as a nutrient source, reducing the cost of external nutrient supply. In this step, gray water is controlled and proportionally mixed with microalgae before being introduced into the water circulation system, which then delivers it to the Photobioreactor Panels. Notably, microalgae can naturally remove contaminants (organic and inorganic Compounds, heavy metals, and chemical pollutants) from gray water, eliminating the need for separate water treatment.

[0053] Step 3:

[0054] The resulting solution (microalgae suspension) is transferred to circulating water circuits (hydraulic loops) on the fagade and injected into the photobioreactor panels ( 20). In one embodiment of the invention, the nutrientfeed inlet is positioned at the top of the panel, allowing the fluid flow to move downward. The nutrients enter the photobioreactor unit through a central pipe as main distribution pipe and are distributed across different panel sections (Bioreactor Compartments) via branching pipes as secondary distribution tubes.

[0055] Step 4:

[0056] The separated or captures carbon dioxide (CO2) is transferred to the fagade circuits (CO2Circulation Network) and injected into the panels (20). The optimal carbon dioxide level for biomass production varies depending on factors such as the microalgae species, photobioreactor panel specifications, and photosynthetic efficiency. However, an estimated 1 .83 kg of CO2is required to produce 1 kg of dry microalgal biomass. This ratio is influenced by CO2concentration levels, solar radiation absorption, nutrient availability, and other environmental factors (Temperature, Humidity, and pH).

[0057] For example, higher CO2concentrations can accelerate microalgae growth and enhanced biomass productivity, leading to more efficient biomass production. Additionally, since CO2directly impacts solution pH, continuous monitoring ( i.e real-time pH sensing) is performed to maintain the optimal pH range of 7-8 for most microalgae species. A sensor (pH Sensor) embedded within the Photobioreactor panel regulates and adjusts the pH level to prevent acidic or alkaline imbalance.

[0058] Step 5:

[0059] The photobioreactor panel (20) are exposed to solar radiation, and the maximum and minimum light intensity and temperature are measured by photometric and thermal sensors. Based on these readings, the rotation and movement of the panels are controlled using actuator and gear mechanism.

[0060] Continuous light exposure and constant Illumination can enhance efficiency. Generally, higher light intensity accelerates photosynthetic rate, but a photoperiod regulation is often used to mimic circadian adaptation and prevent light stress damage. The ideal light-dark cycle varies by microalgae species, but a common practice is 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. However, this cycle can be adjusted based on specific growth requirements.

[0061] Additionally, microalgae thermal growth range between 20°C and 30°C, though this varies by species. To prevent thermal stress, temperature fluctuations (Microclimate Variability) should be minimized. Therefore, the panels rotate dynamically to optimize these conditions and facilitate the photosynthetic process.

[0062] Step 6:

[0063] The mixer ensures the uniform and homogeneous distribution of light, nutrients, and gases, which are essential for optimal microalgae growth. Efficient mixing facilitates the absorption of CO2and the release of O2, both of which are crucial for photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

[0064] The CO2transfer system is integrated with airlift mixers, which provide efficient mixing with low shear stress. This system utilizes CO2bubbles to circulate the culture medium, creating soft convection flow that minimizes cell damage.

[0065] Step 7:

[0066] O2management and extraction is essential for maintaining optimal growth conditions. The oxygen generated during the process is removed using degassing units (Gas Stripping Modules).

[0067] The degassing units utilize vacuum membranes to separate and remove oxygen from the culture medium (Algal Suspension). The said negative pressure gradient facilitates the extraction of dissolved oxygen through the membranes.

[0068] One advantage of this method is its efficient oxygen removal, which reduces oxygen concentration without disrupting the culture system. The separated oxygen is then sequentially evacuated via a suction pipeline as an exhaust tube positioned at the top of the panel.

[0069] Step 8:

[0070] In the final step, the produced biomass is directed to the processing facility through an outlet pipe. Regular biomass harvesting at optimal intervals prevents overgrowth and ensures that microalgae are harvested at their highest productivity phase .

[0071] The harvested biomass can be utilized for:

[0072] Building power generation,

[0073] Biodiesel and Bioethanol Synthesis,

[0074] Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds,

[0075] and other industrial applications (Biodegradable Materials, Pigments, and Polymers).

[0076] Figure 2 illustrates the arrangement of the photobioreactor panel assembly integrated into the building fagade. Based on this depiction, the primary fagade (1 ) is designed as a combination of photobioreactor panels(20) and an air intake system, (10).

[0077] The air extraction units(10a,10b,and 10c) are arranged in a sequential and linear configuration across different fagade sections. Their primary function is to capture ambient air and direct it into the algae panels This process allows air to flow through the algae panels, where CO2separation and transfer take place. Through photosynthesis, the microalgae convert carbon dioxide into oxygen while simultaneously producing biomass.

[0078] The algae panels or bioreactor modules(20) act as living and dynamic systems, modularly repeated along both the height and width of the building. These panels contain selected microalgae strains capable of performing photosynthesis in humid conditions with adequate light exposure and optimized growth environment. During this process, carbon dioxide from the surrounding air is absorbed, and oxygen is released, while biomass is generated as a byproduct .

[0079] At the lowest level, a specialized laboratory (50) is integrated into the basement. The said lab serves as the central control unit or environmental monitoring hub for assessing microalgae status, air quality, and biological processes .

[0080] Structure of the Algae Panel Assembly (20)

[0081] Figure 3 presents an isometric view of the algae panel assembly as described in this document. The schematic drawings included in this document represent one possible embodiment of the invention, with explanations referencing various configurations. These illustrations are intended solely to clarify the functionality ofthe device and they do not impose restrictions) on the industrial implementation or component placement.

[0082] The algae panel system is designed for installation on diverse surfaces, including building fagades, urban walls, and public spaces. The following sections describe:

[0083] The structural composition of the algae panel assembly (Bioreactor Module).

[0084] The processes occurring within each panel (Internal Photosynthetic Mechanism).

[0085] Cross-Section of the Algae Panel

[0086] As depicted in Figures 4 and 5, the primary embodiment of the algae panel (20) features a rectangular cross-section. At the center of this section, there is a hollow cavity or central chamber designed to accommodate:

[0087] The central rod or rotation axis (46),

[0088] The CO2and O2gas distribution area as gaseous exchange zone.

[0089] Additionally, the material flow tubes(31 , 32, 33, and 34) are connected at both ends of the panel, integrating seamlessly into the gas exchange system .

[0090] Extruded Panel Structure

[0091] The designed algae panel or photobioreactor module is an extruded structural extension of the described cross-section, incorporating the following key components:

[0092] Internal Chamber:

[0093] This central compartment houses the algae culture medium along with the necessary gases.

[0094] It is designed as a multi-sectioned chamber to optimize the photosynthetic process.

[0095] Panel Frame (21 ):

[0096] The rectangular panel frame provides support and stabilization for:

[0097] The external and internal energy-absorbing surfaces.

[0098] The mechanical components enabling panel rotation.

[0099] This modular bioreactor design allows for customized placement on various surfaces, optimizing urban air purification, renewable biomass production, and sustainable architectural integration.

[0100] Central Channel (23)

[0101] According to Figures 4 and 6, the central channel is designed as a rectangular or polygonal structure, primarily responsible for accumulating and directing oxygen gas (O2) to the designated outlet at the upper section of the chamber. This channel consists of two separate sections:

[0102] Lower Section of the Central Channel (23a) or CO2Distribution Chamber:

[0103] This smaller section acts as the injection and distribution chamber for carbon dioxide (CO2). Purified CO2is injected into this space and transferred to the upper part of the panel through two spiral tubes (28). Two openings (24a) on the body of the channel serve as the insertion points for these spiral tubes.

[0104] Upper Section of the Central Channel (23b) or O2Accumulation Chamber:

[0105] This chamber is responsible for collecting and directing the oxygen (O2) produced during the photosynthesis process. The accumulated oxygen is then transferred through the upper outlet for extraction or utilization. Several openings (24b) are also present on this section, functioning as oxygen intake ports for the channel.

[0106] These two sections are separated by a partition plate (25), preventing the direct mixing of incoming CO2and outgoing O2streams.

[0107] Side Channels (a22 & b22)

[0108] The side channels are enclosed by panel edges, creating an optimal environment for photosynthesis and algae growth. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the inner walls of these channels are coated with an anti-algae layer (such as silicone or titanium dioxide (TiO2)) to prevent contamination. The interior space is equipped with digital sensors for monitoring the panel’s internal environmental conditions. These sensors include:

[0109] Light sensor

[0110] Temperature sensors (installed at the air or water circuit inlets and outlets) for controlling excess heat generated during the process.

[0111] pH sensor for maintaining optimal pH levels for microalgae growth.

[0112] Humidity sensor for monitoring moisture levels resulting from evaporation.

[0113] Gas sensor for detecting residual gases such as CO2, NH3(Ammonia), NOx (Nitrogen Oxides), and O2.

[0114] Panel Edges (29)

[0115] At both ends of the side channels (a22 & b22), small channels are integrated within the space between the side channels and the panel frame (21 ) to enhance CO2circulation.

[0116] storage & distribution channel (26)

[0117] In the algae panel assembly described in this patent document, a rectangular intermediate channel is designed to regulate the input and output of materials from the panel. This channel includes a perforated edge (27) that acts as a preliminary filter, ensuring uniform flow distribution. At the inlet, the channel distributes the materials evenly across the panel, while at the outlet, it temporarily holds the substances before controlled transfer to the outlet pipes.

[0118] Spiral tubes (28)

[0119] The spiral tubes are part of the CO2distribution and transfer system, positioned within the side channels (a22 & b22) to ensure even CO2diffusion across the algae growth environment. These tubes are directly connected to the lower section of the central channel (23a), where CO2is injected and distributed.

[0120] Purified CO2enters these tubes via dedicated outlets (24a) in the central channel (23a). The tubes have a helical structure, extending the gas flow path and increasing the contact time with the algae environment, thereby enhancing CO2absorption by microalgae. The outer surface of the spiral tubes features perforations (28C) and variable-sized holes, allowing a gradual and uniform CO2diffusion. These perforations are strategically designed to maintain balanced gas distribution throughout the panel and prevent localized CO2saturation ordepletion. The tube ends are connected to the panel edges (29) to prevent residual gas accumulation within the system.

[0121] External Energy-Absorbing Surface (17): The surface of the panel exposed to sunlight, serving as the primary section for solar energy absorption. In the produced prototype, the panel material is glass, but it is not limited to this material and can also be made from UV-Resistant Transparent Polymer, such as Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA). Additionally, Solar Light-Absorbing Nanocoatings that absorb a wide spectrum of light, including visible and infrared light, can be applied to this surface. Due to the multi-section design of the panel’s internal space, the energy-absorbing surfaces are also divided into multiple sections corresponding to the panel’s dimensions, marked as (a17 and b17) in the figure.

[0122] Inner Surface (18): The surface adjacent to the building facade, which can be made of plain glass or have properties similar to the external energy-absorbing surface.

[0123] Air Suction Mechanism (10):

[0124] As illustrated in Figure 7, in the first step of biomass production within the Algae-Based Air Pollution Reduction Panel, sensors installed on the building facade monitor air pollutants, particularly CO2concentration sensors. In the primary embodiment of the invention, the sensor can be of the MQ Sensors type. For air suction, horizontal ducts (1 1 ) are designed, equipped with airflow vents (12) for air passage. When pollution levels reach a predetermined threshold, the exhaust fan I suction fan (14) activates, directing air through the ducts and into pollutant separation chambers in the central laboratory (50). The outlet (13) of the horizontal ducts (1 1 ) connects to the vertical duct (16), which channels air toward the laboratory. Axial or centrifugal fans (14), driven by electric motors (15) and encoders, facilitate air suction while optimizing energy consumption.

[0125] Material and Fluid Transfer Mechanism (30):

[0126] As illustrated in Figure 6, the inlets and outlets of the algae panel are described as follows:

[0127] Inlets:

[0128] First Inlet (31 ): Located at the upper section of the panel for injecting microalgae solution along with greywater. Microalgae are cultivated in nutrient tanks within the central laboratory, where a mixture of microalgae powder and greywater (collected and treated through the building's plumbing system) is prepared. This solution is pumped through the piping system and injected into first Inlet (31 ).

[0129] Second Inlet (32): Positioned at the lower part of the panel for the intake of purified CO2gas. CO2from polluted air is captured via the air suction mechanism and directed to the central laboratory, where semi-permeable membranes or the chemical absorption process separate CO2. The purified CO2gas is then transferred via transfer pipes to the panel’s inlet. In cases where the Separated CO2from air is insufficient, industrial CO2supply lines may be used.

[0130] First outlet (33): Located at the lower section of the panel for biomass collection. Biomass, the primary product of this system, accumulates within the panel through the photosynthesis process performed by microalgae. The collected biomass is transported via the Connected Piping System to the central laboratory for further processing.

[0131] Second Outlet (34): Located at the upper part of the panel for oxygen gas release. Generated oxygen gas from the photosynthesis process separates from the microalgae culture medium and exits through the exhaust system. The oxygen accumulates at the top of the central duct before being released into the surrounding environment.

[0132] The transfer mechanism and fluid inlet & outlet pipe arrangement work by directing a mixture of microalgae powder and greywater through the piping system using pumps. This mixture flows from the central pipe into the horizontal pipe (31 ) at the panel’s top. Similarly, separated CO2gas is channeled from the central pipe into the horizontal pipe (32) at the panel’s bottom. The flow is directed through main branch pipes using a T-Joint (35), entering the panel through an adapter (36).

[0133] In one embodiment of the invention, a twin pipe adapter is used to transfer fluids from the horizontal pipes to the panel. This adapter has two separate channels to simultaneously transfer two distinct flows. However, the transfermechanism is not limited to this specific component and can utilize Separate Pipes, Manifolds, or similar alternatives.

[0134] Panel Rotation Mechanism (40):

[0135] As shown in Figures 8-10, the panel rotation mechanism (40) is designed to enable panel angle adjustment for maximum solar light absorption and internal temperature control. Key components of this mechanism include the electric motor (41 ), gearbox (42), gears (43, 44), timing belt (45), and rotation shaft (46).

[0136] Maximum Solar Radiation Reception Mechanism (60):

[0137] To determine the solar radiation angle and adjust the rotation direction of the algal panels, the present invention utilizes an LDR sensor (Light Dependent Resistor), which can detect the sun's radiation angle and automatically adjust the panels to the optimal orientation for maximum sunlight absorption.

[0138] When sufficient light is available for the photosynthesis process, the solar radiation angle is measured on the targeted surface of the panels. Using motors or actuators and gears , the panels are adjusted to the optimal angle to maximize sunlight reception. This angle is intelligently regulated and adjusted based on suitable temperature and irradiance levels for the panels.

[0139] As mentioned earlier, to adjust the panel angle, a mechanism (actuation system) consisting of an electric motor (servo motor or stepper motor), gearbox, gears, and a belt (timing belt or V-belt) is used. The motor, acting as the torque source (rotary actuator), transfers the necessary rotational force (torque output) to the gearbox. The gearbox output then transmits power to the gear connected to the panel shaft (rotational axis) via the belt. This power transmission causes the shaft to rotate, thereby adjusting the panel's angle.

[0140] Based on the data received from the sensors (photodetectors or solar trackers), the control system as an automated tracking system commands the motor to position the panel at an angle where sunlight hits perpendicularly or nearly perpendicularly, meaning an angle close to 90 degrees relative to the panel's surface. This continuous adjustment regulates the clockwise and counterclockwise movements of the panel according to the sun’s changing position in the sky.

[0141] The electric motor activates when an angle correction is required. If solar flux density or temperature decreases, the panels rotate to increase light and heat reception. Conversely, if excessive light intensity or thermal overload is detected, the panel angle is adjusted to maintain thermal balance (heat regulation) and prevent damage caused by high temperatures.Industrial Applicability

[0142] The present invention, is designed to mitigate urban and industrial air pollution, produce biomass, oxygen, and electricity, and optimize the use of environmental resources such as sunlight and airflow. It is applicable in polluted urban environments for various types of buildings, both high-rise and low-rise, as well as industrial facilities such as factories, power plants, and high-traffic roads. The panels introduced in this invention can simultaneously contribute to improving air quality, generating sustainable energy, and efficiently utilizing greywater to conserve water and produce electricity

Claims

Claims

1. An air pollution-reducing algae panel mechanism integrated into a building fagade for reducing air pollution, producing biomass, and generating oxygen comprising:(a) a plurality of photobioreactor panels (20) mounted on a primary fagade (1 ), each photobioreactor panel containing a microalgae suspension configured to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from surrounding air and perform photosynthesis to produce biomass and oxygen (O2),(b) an air suction mechanism (10) configured to capture polluted air, comprising:(i) horizontal ducts (11 ) with airflow vents (12) and outlets (13),(ii) at least one fan (14) driven by an electric motor (15) to draw polluted air into the ducts, and(iii) a vertical duct (16) connecting the horizontal ducts (11) to a central laboratory (50),(c) a CO2separation unit located within the central laboratory (50), configured to extract CO2from the polluted air and deliver the separated CO2to the photobioreactor panels (20) via a CO2circulation network,(d) a gray water collection unit configured to collect and store gray water in storage tanks within the central laboratory (50), wherein the gray water is mixed with algal powder to form the microalgae suspension and supplied to the photobioreactor panels (20) via a water circulation system,(e) a panel rotation mechanism (40) configured to adjust the orientation of the photobioreactor panels (20) for optimal solar radiation absorption, comprising an electric motor (41 ), a gearbox (42), gears (43, 44), a timing belt (45), and a rotation shaft (46); and(f) a degassing unit integrated into the photobioreactor panels (20) configured to extract oxygen (O2) produced during photosynthesis and release it through an exhaust tube, wherein the mechanism is configured to monitor air pollutant levels using sensors embedded in the fagade, activate the air suction mechanism (10) when pollutantlevels exceed a predefined threshold, and facilitate the conversion of CO2into biomass and O2through the photobioreactor panels (20).

2. The air pollution-reducing algae panel mechanism of claim 1 , wherein the CO2separation part comprises semipermeable membranes within a membrane module configured to selectively allow CO2to pass through based on differences in molecular size and permeability, further comprising a compressor to provide a pressure differential across the membranes.

3. The air pollution-reducing algae panel mechanism of claim 1 , wherein the CO2separation part comprises a chemical absorption unit using an amine solution, including an absorption tower, a regeneration tower, a heat exchanger, and circulation pumps, wherein the amine solution absorbs CO2in the absorption tower and releases it in the regeneration tower upon application of heat.

4. The air pollution-reducing algae panel mechanism of claim 1 , wherein each photobioreactor panel (20) comprises:(a) an internal chamber housing the microalgae suspension and gases;(b) a panel frame (21 ) supporting an external energy-absorbing surface (17) and mechanical components for rotation;(c) a central channel (23) divided into a lower section (23a) for CO2distribution and an upper section (23b) for O2accumulation, separated by a partition plate (25); and(d) spiral tubes (28) with perforations (28C) connected to the lower section (23a) for uniform CO2diffusion into the microalgae suspension.

5. The air pollution-reducing algae panel mechanism of claim 4, wherein the external energy-absorbing surface (17) is made of a material selected from the group consisting of glass and UV-resistant transparent polymer, and optionally coated with a solar light-absorbing nanocoating to enhance light absorption across visible and infrared spectra.

6. The air pollution-reducing algae panel mechanism of claim 1 , further comprising a material and fluid transfer mechanism (30) including:(a) a first inlet (31 ) at an upper section of the photobioreactor panel (20) for injecting the microalgae suspension;(b) a second inlet (32) at a lower section of the photobioreactor panel (20) for injecting purified CO2;(c) a first outlet (33) at the lower section for collecting biomass; and(d) a second outlet (34) at the upper section for releasing oxygen, wherein the inlets and outlets are connected to a piping assembly with pumps and a T-joint (35) for fluid distribution.

7. The air pollution-reducing algae panel mechanism of claim 1 , wherein the panel rotation mechanism (40) further comprises a maximum solar radiation reception mechanism (60) including a light-dependent resistor (LDR) sensor configured to detect solar radiation angles and adjust the photobioreactor panels (20) to an optimal orientation for sunlight absorption.

8. The air pollution-reducing algae panel mechanism of claim 1 , wherein the photobioreactor panels (20) include side channels (a22, b22) equipped with digital sensors selected from the group consisting of a light sensor, a temperature sensor, a pH sensor, a humidity sensor, and a gas sensor, configured to monitor internal environmental conditions and maintain optimal microalgae growth conditions.

9. The air pollution-reducing algae panel mechanism of claim 1 , wherein the fan (14) is selected from the group consisting of an axial fan and a centrifugal fan, and the electric motor (15) is equipped with an encoder for speed control and energy consumption optimization.

10. The air pollution-reducing algae panel mechanism of claim 1 , further comprising airlift mixers integrated with the CO2transfer unit within the photobioreactor panels (20), configured to circulate the microalgae suspension using CO2bubbles and provide uniform distribution of light, nutrients, and gases with low shear stress, i

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