Compositions and methods for preserving perishable goods

Abstract

An antifungal composition including a first essential oil, and a second essential oil, where the composition is configured to reduce disease onset, pathogen spread, or a combination thereof. Further, an antifungal compound including one or more aroma compounds selected from 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, furaneol, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, beta-ionone, alpha-ionone, (R)-(+)-limonene, (S)-(-)-limonene, cis-3-Hexen-1-ol, nerol, linalool, 2-heptanone, alpha-terpineol, beta-damascenone, β-caryophyllene, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, β-myrcene, gamma-octalactone, alpha-humulene, nerolidol, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E,E)-α-farnesene, vanillin, phenylethyl acetate, citral, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, or a combination thereof.

Description

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR PRESERVING PERISHABLE GOODS CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application 63 / 647,389 filed May 14, 2024, and U.S. Provisional Application 63 / 718,452 filed November 8, 2024, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. BACKGROUND

[0002] The spoilage of fruits, vegetables, and plants is a cause of significant economic loss. Certain shelf-life extending agents have an antimicrobial or anti-fungal effect of extending the post-harvest life of produce items. Shelf-life extending agents need to have certain features, such as being edible and having a pleasant smell. Further, the shelf-life extending agents that change the flavor, texture, or smell of the perishable goods may be disfavored by consumers.

[0003] Accordingly, shelf-life extending agents that have antimicrobial and anti- fungal effects, and which do not alter the texture, flavor, or smell of perishable goods are needed. SUMMARY

[0004] In one aspect, disclosed herein is an antifungal composition including a first essential oil, and a second essential oil, wherein the composition is configured to reduce disease onset, pathogen spread, or a combination thereof.

[0005] In some embodiments, the first essential oil ranges from about 55% to about 70% of the antifungal composition. In some embodiments, the first essential oil is about 60% of the antifungal composition. In some embodiments, the first essential oil is about 66% of the antifungal composition. In some embodiments, the first essential oil is p-thymol. In some embodiments, the second essential oil is trans-cinnamaldehyde.

[0006] In some embodiments, the first essential oil is selected from 4-(4- hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, furaneol, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the second essential oil is selected from 4-(4- hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, furaneol, or a combination thereof.

[0007] In some embodiments, the antifungal composition further comprises a third essential oil. In some embodiments, the third essential oil is selected from 4-(4-4250-P6WO -1-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, furaneol, or a combination thereof.

[0008] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises one or more aroma compounds. In some embodiments, the one or more aroma compounds are selected from 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, furaneol, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, beta-ionone, alpha-ionone, (R)-(+)-limonene, (S)-(-)- limonene, cis-3-Hexen-1-ol, nerol, linalool, 2-heptanone, alpha-terpineol, beta- -caryophyllene, ethyl 2- -myrcene, gamma-octalactone,alpha-humulene, nerolidol, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E,E)- -farnesene, vanillin, phenylethylacetate, citral, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, or a combination thereof.

[0009] In another aspect, disclosed herein is a method of preventing spoilage including applying the compositions described herein to a perishable good.

[0010] In yet another aspect, disclosed herein is a method of preventing spoilage including disposing the compositions described herein in proximity with a perishable good.

[0011] In yet another aspect, disclosed herein is an antifungal compound including 66% p-thymol, and 34% trans-cinnamaldehyde, wherein the composition is configured to reduce disease onset, pathogen spread, or a combination thereof.

[0012] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises one or more aroma compounds. In some embodiments, the one or more aroma compounds are selected from 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, furaneol, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, beta-ionone, alpha-ionone, (R)-(+)-limonene, (S)-(-)- limonene, cis-3-Hexen-1-ol, nerol, linalool, 2-heptanone, alpha-terpineol, beta- -caryophyllene, ethyl 2- -myrcene, gamma-octalactone,alpha-humulene, nerolidol, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E,E)- -farnesene, vanillin, phenylethylacetate, citral, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, or a combination thereof.

[0013] In another aspect, disclosed herein is a method of preventing spoilage including applying the composition described herein to a perishable good.

[0014] In yet another aspect, disclosed herein is a method of preventing spoilage including disposing the composition described herein in proximity with a perishable good.

[0015] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary4250-P6WO -2-is not intended to identify key features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will become more readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0017] FIGURE 1 is a graph showing the inhibition of Colletotrichum fruticola spores with trans-2-decen-1-al, in accordance with the present technology;

[0018] FIGURES 2A-2D show experimental results regarding the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of p-thymol for four fungi strains, in accordance with the present technology;

[0019] FIGURE 3 is a graph showing the number of infected clamshells, each containing 500g of strawberries, over time treated with p-thymol and trans-2-decen-1-al, in accordance with the present technology; and

[0020] FIGURE 4 is a graph showing the number of infected clamshells, each containing 250g of raspberries, over time treated with p-thymol and cinnamaldehyde, in accordance with the present technology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for preventing the spoilage and / or pathogen spread of perishable goods. Essential oils may have antifungal properties, antimicrobial properties, and / or properties that reduce pathogen spread of perishable goods. As used herein, the term essential oil refers to essential oils, components found in essential oils, naturally derived compounds, and compounds generally. Disclosed herein are combinations of essential oils that produce additive effects, that is, combining the properties of two or more individual essential oils. In some embodiments, the compositions are blends of any number of essential oils. Also disclosed herein are combinations of essential oils that produce combinatory and / or complementary effects, that is, have better properties or complementary properties than the two or more essential oils individually, resulting in overall improved performance. In some embodiments, the essential oils are selected from p-Thymol, o-Thymol, trans-2-decen-1-al, trans-4250-P6WO -3-Cinnamaldehyde, trans-2,cis-6-nonadienal, 6-amyl-alpha-pyrone, and combinations thereof.

[0022] In one aspect, disclosed herein is an antifungal composition including a first essential oil, and a second essential oil, where the composition is configured to reduce disease onset, pathogen spread, or a combination thereof.

[0023] In some embodiments, the first essential oil is 75% of the composition, and the second essential oil is 25% of the composition. In some embodiments, the first essential oil is 25% of the composition, and the second composition is 75% of the composition. In some embodiments, the first essential oil is 50% of the composition, and the second composition is 50% of the composition.

[0024] In some embodiments, the first essential oil is trans-2-decen-1-al. In some embodiments, the second essential oil is p-Thymol. In some embodiments, the second essential oil is 6-amyl-alpha-pyrone. In some embodiments, the second essential oil is trans-Cinnamaldehyde.

[0025] In some embodiments, the first essential oil is p-Thymol. In some embodiments, the second essential oil is o-Thymol. In some embodiments, the second essential oil is 6-amyl-alpha-pyrone.

[0026] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a third essential oil.

[0027] In some embodiments, the first essential oil is 60% of the composition, the second essential oil is 30% of the composition, and the third essential oil is 10% of the composition. In some embodiments, the first essential oil is 50% of the composition, the second essential oil is 25% of the composition, and the third essential oil is 25% of the composition. In some embodiments, the first essential oil is 40% of the composition, the second essential oil is 40% of the composition, and the third essential oil is 20% of the composition. In some embodiments, the first essential oil is 33% of the composition, the second essential oil is 33% of the composition, and the third essential oil is 33% of the composition.

[0028] In some embodiments, the first essential oil is p-Thymol, the second essential oil is o-Thymol, and the third essential oil is trans-2-decen-1-al. In some embodiments, the first essential oil is p-Thymol, the second essential oil is trans-2-decen- 1-al, and the third essential oil is trans-Cinnamaldehyde. In some embodiments, the first4250-P6WO -4-essential oil is o-Thymol, the second essential oil is trans-2,cis-6-nonadienal, and the third essential oil is 6-amyl-alpha-pyrone.

[0029] In another aspect, disclosed herein is an antifungal composition including 60% p-Thymol, 30% o-Thymol, and 10% trans-2-decen-1-al, where the composition is configured to reduce disease onset, pathogen spread, or a combination thereof.

[0030] In another aspect, disclosed herein is an antifungal composition including 40% p-Thymol, 40% trans-2-decen-1-al, and 20% trans-Cinnamaldehyde, where the composition is configured to reduce disease onset, pathogen spread, or a combination thereof.

[0031] In yet another aspect, disclosed herein is a method of preventing spoilage comprising applying any of the compositions disclosed herein to a perishable good.

[0032] In yet another aspect, disclosed herein is a method of preventing spoilage comprising disposing of any of the compositions disclosed herein in proximity with a perishable good.

[0033] In some embodiments, the one or more essential oils includes volatile methane-based alcoholic terpenes, such as o-thymol, p-thymol, cuminol, perillol, carveol, piperitol, pulegol, terpiniol, and menthol. In some embodiments, the one or more essential oils includes volatile alcoholic terpenes, such as eugenol, isoeugenol, guaiacol, vanillin, chavicol, anol, cinnamyl alcohol, and b-thujaplicin (hinokitiol). In some embodiments, the one or more essential oils includes volatile alcoholic terpenes, such as geraniol, and citronellol. In some embodiments, the one or more essential oils include volatile aromatic aldehyde or ketonic terpenes, such as menthone, carvone, pulegone, piperitone, p-anisal, o-anisal, phellandral, cuminal, perillal, and terpinene-7-al. In some embodiments, the one or more essential oils includes volatile linear aldehydes (monounsaturated), such as trans- 2-hexenal, cis-2-hexenal. trans-2-heptenal, cis-2-heptenal, trans-2-octenal, cis-2-octenal, trans-2-nonenal, cis-2-nonenal, trans-2-decenal, cis-2-decenal, trans-2-dodecenal, and cis- 2-dodecenal. In some embodiments, the one or more essential oils include volatile linear aldehydes (diunsaturated or polyunsaturated), such as trans,cis-2,4-octadienal, trans,trans- 2,4-octandienal, trans,cis-2,4-nonadienal, trans,trans-2,4-nonadienal, trans,cis-2,4- decadienal, and trans,cis-2,4-dodecadienal. In some embodiments, the one or more essential oils include other volatile linear aldehydes, such as hexanal, heptanal, octanol, nonanal, decenal, dodecanal, trans-4-nonenal, and trans-2,cis-6-nonadienal. In some4250-P6WO -5-embodiments, the one or more essential oils include volatile lactones and pyrones, such as gamma-octalactone, gamma-nonalactone, gamma-decalactone, gamma-dodecalactone, delta-decalactone, and benzo dihydropyrone. In some embodiments, the one or more essential oils includes 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, and / or furaneol.

[0034] In some embodiments, the composition further includes one or more aroma compounds. As used herein, the term “aroma compound” refers to a compound configured to mimic the aroma of a particular perishable good, or otherwise mask or cover the smell of the composition. In some embodiments, the aroma compound is configured to produce a smell similar to that of the perishable good it is applied onto, next to, or otherwise in contact with. For example, for the preservation of raspberries, the composition may include the aroma compound 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, which produces a raspberry smell. Similarly, for preserving strawberries, the composition may include the aroma compounds furaneol, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, or a combination thereof. Table 1 below shows various aroma compounds and their potential uses in the composition disclosed herein. Table 1 Compound Name CAS Number Target fruit Aroma ry y l4250-P6WO -6-Beta-ionone 14901-07-06 Raspberry, Fresh notes, Blueberr cedarwood h y nt h al4250-P6WO -7-3-methylbutan-1-ol 123-51-3 Figs alcoholic, cognac, fruit w it tedfrom 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, furaneol, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, beta-ionone, alpha-ionone, (R)-(+)-limonene, (S)-(-)- limonene, cis-3-Hexen-1-ol, nerol, linalool, 2-heptanone, alpha-terpineol, beta- -caryophyllene, ethyl 2- -myrcene, gamma-octalactone,alpha-humulene, nerolidol, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E,E)- -farnesene, vanillin, phenylethylacetate, citral, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, or a combination thereof. EXAMPLES

[0036] Essential oils were tested to determine their microbial and antifungal properties. Detailed results and experiments are included herein.

[0037] Essential oils were tested for their ability to suppress the germination of fungal spores. The potency to suppress spores’ germination indicates which essential oils might be more potent in delaying the disease onset in fresh produce. The spores from Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Colletotrichum fructicola and Alternaria alternata were used in the assay. Solutions of potato dextrose broth (PDB) as growing media, tawed spores and essential oils diluted in ethanol were mixed into cleared mixtures and added intothe wells of 96-well plates. The plates were film-sealed and incubated at 20 C for up to 4days. During that period the spores develop and render the solutions turbid, with degree of turbidity proportional to the growth of the spores. The degree of turbidity was expressed as optical density (OD), measuring absorbance using spectrophotometer at 600 nm. The4250-P6WO -8-obtained absorbances were compared with their respective controls (fungal spores in PDB and ethanol, without the essential oils). The concentration ranges are reported starting with the lowest concentration with statistically significant difference compared to the controls and ending with the concentrations that did not allow any growth of the spores during the 4 days.

[0038] FIG.1 is a graph showing the inhibition of Colletotrichum fruticola spores with trans-2-decen-1-al, in accordance with the present technology. On the horizontal axis is the time in days, over four days. On the vertical axis is the absorbance. FIG. 1 shows example of the inhibition of Colletotrichum fruticola spores with various concentrations of trans-2-decen-1-al. The effective range of inhibition shown is from 31.25 g / mL (starting inhibition) to 62.50 g / mL (complete inhibition).

[0039] The standard method for determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antifungal agents was adapted to objectively evaluate susceptibility of the filamentous fungi due to inherent features of essential oils, i.e. high volatility, and low aqueous solubility. The selection of essential oils according to their MIC values renders outputs translated into how potent they are in slowing down the fungal disease spread, once there is an onset. The adaptation to standard method involved changes in procedures to mix the essential oils to aqueous solutions of warm potato dextrose agar (PDA). Ethanol was used as a common solvent with good miscibility with water, and the temperature for the mixing was set to 50 C and 5 minutes for solidification of the essentialoil-amended agar in Petri dishes. Different concentrations of essential oils were used to amend PDA, ranging between 50 g / mL to 4000 g / mL. To such amended agar plates, plugs from fresh cultures of Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Colletotrichum fructicola or Alternaria alternata were placed in the middle of the plate and the cultures were incubated at 20 C during at least 9 days.

[0040] FIGs. 2A-2D shows experimental results regarding the MIC of p-thymol for four fungi strains, in accordance with the present technology. The experiment was conducted using the Amended agar in Petri method. Here the MIC was found to be 200μg / mL for all tested fungi: B. cinerea, P. expansum, C. fruticola, and A. alternata. The MIC concentration was the one where no growth of the culture was observed during at least 9 days of incubation.

[0041] Table 2 shows the way in which disease onset and disease spread are measured in the experiment described herein. Table 2 Inhibit disease onset – scoring Inhibit disease spread - scoring e 4herein. Table 3 shows examples of the outcomes obtained for Botrytis cinerea, summarizing the data needed for objectively selecting the best performing candidates. The key attributes of performance of different mixtures in varying ratios are outlined allowing the selection based on the criteria following criteria: i) complementarity in inhibiting the disease onset and pathogen spread, ii) synergy to allow use of lesser amounts of essential oils achieving the same effect, and iii) duration of the effect based on the vapor pressure values if individual essential oils. Table 3 Cocktail blend RATIO Fungi INHIBIT DISEASE INHIBIT PATHOGEN i4250-P6WO -10-p-Thymol & o- 33-33-33 Botrytis 62.5 – 125 ug / ml 200 μg / ml Thmol & trans 40-40-20 Btrti 625 – 125 / ml 200 / ml4250-P6WO -11-p-Thymol & 50-50 Botrytis 125 - > 125 ug / ml 400 μg / ml trans2decen1 75-25 Btrti 625 - > 125 / ml 200 / mlc eea, su a g e aa eee o ojec ey seec g e es pe o g candidates. The key attributes of performance of different mixtures in varying ratios are outlined allowing the selection based on the criteria following criteria: i) complementarity in inhibiting the disease onset and pathogen spread, ii) synergy to allow use of lesser amounts of essential oils achieving the same effect, and iii) duration of the effect based on the vapor pressure values if individual essential oils. Table 4 EOC blended RATIO Fung INHIBIT INHIBIT PREVIOUS PREVIOUS E D r l4250-P6WO -12-60-30- B. 62.5- 100 μg / ml 10 i 125 l l l4250-P6WO -13-75-25B.62.5- 200 μg / ml i >125 l l l4250-P6WO -14-- trans-2-decen-1- 75-25B.>31.25- >200 al i 625 / ml l lTable 5 EOC code Fungi INHIBIT DISEASE INHIBIT PATHOGEN tri4250-P6WO -15-P. expansum 125-500μg / mL 200μg / mL C fr ti l 125-250 / mL 200 / mL-al (75-25) to preserve the quality of strawberries (500gr in plastic clamshells) was determined. The parameters measured were infection of the fruit (infected clamshells), freshness, color and existence of bruises. The combined analysis determines if the clamshells were salable (Good) or not salable (Bad).

[0045] The results of this experiment are summarized in Table 6. Table 6 Category day 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 54250-P6WO -16-Control (no Good Good Bad Bad Bad4250-P6WO -17-Good Good Good Bad Bad G d G d G d G d G dco a g g o s a e es, o e e ea e p- y o a a s- - ece - -a , in accordance with the present technology. On the horizontal axis is the time in days. On the vertical axis is the number of infected clamshells. As shown, the clamshells treated with p-thymol and trans-2-decen-al resulted in less spoilage than the control.

[0047] In another experiment, the efficacy of p-Thymol & Cinnamaldehyde (at a ratio of 66-33) to preserve the quality of raspberries (250gr in plastic clamshells) was determined. The parameter measured was the infection of the fruit (infected clamshells).

[0048] FIG. 4 is a graph showing the number of infected clamshells over time, each containing 250g of raspberries, treated with p-thymol and cinnamaldehyde, in accordance with the present technology. On the horizontal axis is the time in days. On the vertical axis is the number of infected clamshells. As shown, the clamshells treated with p-thymol and cinnamaldehyde exhibited less spoilage than the control group.

[0049] While illustrative embodiments have been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that various changes can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0050] The present application may reference quantities and numbers. Unless specifically stated, such quantities and numbers are not to be considered restrictive, but representative of the possible quantities or numbers associated with the present application. Also, in this regard, the present application may use the term “plurality” to reference a quantity or number. In this regard, the term “plurality” is meant to be any number that is more than one, for example, two, three, four, five, etc. The terms “about,” “approximately,” “near,” etc., mean plus or minus 5% of the stated value. For the purposes of the present disclosure, the phrase “at least one of A, B, and C,” for example, means (A), (B), (C), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C), or (A, B, and C), including all further possible permutations when greater than three elements are listed.

[0051] The detailed description set forth above in connection with the appended drawings, where like numerals reference like elements, are intended as a description of various embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to represent the only4250-P6WO -18-embodiments. Each embodiment described in this disclosure is provided merely as an example or illustration and should not be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The illustrative examples provided herein are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise forms disclosed. Similarly, any steps described herein may be interchangeable with other steps, or combinations of steps, in order to achieve the same or substantially similar result. Generally, the embodiments disclosed herein are non-limiting, and the inventors contemplate that other embodiments within the scope of this disclosure may include structures and functionalities from more than one specific embodiment shown in the figures and described in the specification.

[0052] In the foregoing description, specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art, however, that the embodiments disclosed herein may be practiced without embodying all the specific details. In some instances, well-known process steps have not been described in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure various aspects of the present disclosure. Further, it will be appreciated that embodiments of the present disclosure may employ any combination of features described herein.

[0053] The present application may include references to directions, such as “vertical,” “horizontal,” “front,” “rear,” “left,” “right,” “top,” and “bottom,” etc. These references, and other similar references in the present application, are intended to assist in helping describe and understand the particular embodiment (such as when the embodiment is positioned for use) and are not intended to limit the present disclosure to these directions or locations.

[0054] The present application may also reference quantities and numbers. Unless specifically stated, such quantities and numbers are not to be considered restrictive, but exemplary of the possible quantities or numbers associated with the present application. Also, in this regard, the present application may use the term “plurality” to reference a quantity or number. In this regard, the term “plurality” is meant to be any number that is more than one, for example, two, three, four, five, etc. The term “about,” “approximately,” etc., means plus or minus 5% of the stated value. The term “based upon” means “based at least partially upon.”

[0055] The principles, representative embodiments, and modes of operation of the present disclosure have been described in the foregoing description. However, aspects4250-P6WO -19-of the present disclosure, which are intended to be protected, are not to be construed as limited to the particular embodiments disclosed. Further, the embodiments described herein are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. It will be appreciated that variations and changes may be made by others, and equivalents employed, without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it is expressly intended that all such variations, changes, and equivalents fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as claimed.

[0056] While illustrative embodiments have been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that various changes can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.4250-P6WO -20-

Claims

CLAIMS We claim:

1. An antifungal composition comprising: a first essential oil; and a second essential oil, wherein the composition is configured to reduce disease onset, pathogen spread, or a combination thereof.

2. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the first essential oil is within a range from about 55% to about 70% of the antifungal composition.

3. The composition of Claim 2, wherein the first essential oil is about 60% of the antifungal composition.

4. The composition of Claim 2, wherein the first essential oil is about 66% of the antifungal composition.

5. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the first essential oil is 75% of the composition, and the second essential oil is 25% of the composition.

6. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the first essential oil is 25% of the composition, and the second essential oil is 75% of the composition.

7. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the first essential oil is 50% of the composition, and the second essential oil is 50% of the composition.

8. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the first essential oil is trans-2-decen- 1-al.

9. The composition of Claim 8, wherein the second essential oil is p-Thymol.

10. The composition of Claim 8, wherein the second essential oil is 6-amyl- alpha-pyrone.

11. The composition of Claim 8, wherein the second essential oil is trans- cinnamaldehyde.4250-P6WO -21-12. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the first essential oil is p-thymol.

13. The composition of Claim 12, wherein the second essential oil is trans- cinnamaldehyde.

14. The composition of Claim 12, wherein the second essential oil is o-Thymol.

15. The composition of Claim 12, wherein the second essential oil is 6-amyl- alpha-pyrone.

16. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a third essential oil.

17. The composition of Claim 16, wherein the first essential oil is 60% of the composition, the second essential oil is 30% of the composition, and the third essential oil is 10% of the composition.

18. The composition of Claim 16, wherein the first essential oil is 50% of the composition, the second essential oil is 25% of the composition, and the third essential oil is 25% of the composition.

19. The composition of Claim 16, wherein the first essential oil is 40% of the composition, the second essential oil is 40% of the composition, and the third essential oil is 20% of the composition.

20. The composition of Claim 16, wherein the first essential oil is 33% of the composition, the second essential oil is 33% of the composition, and the third essential oil is 33% of the composition.

21. The composition of Claim 16, wherein the first essential oil is p-Thymol, the second essential oil is o-Thymol, and the third essential oil is trans-2-decen-1-al.

22. The composition of Claim 16, wherein the first essential oil is p-Thymol, the second essential oil is trans-2-decen-1-al, and the third essential oil is trans- Cinnamaldehyde.4250-P6WO -22-23. The composition of Claim 16, wherein the first essential oil is o-Thymol, the second essential oil is trans-2,cis-6-nonadienal, and the third essential oil is 6-amyl- alpha-pyrone.

24. The composition of Claim 16, wherein the third essential oil is selected from 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, furaneol, or a combination thereof.

25. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the first essential oil is selected from 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, furaneol, or a combination thereof.

26. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the second essential oil is selected from 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, furaneol, or a combination thereof.

27. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises one or more aroma compounds.

28. The composition of Claim 27, wherein the one or more aroma compounds are selected from 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, furaneol, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, beta-ionone, alpha-ionone, (R)-(+)-limonene, (S)-(-)- limonene, cis-3-Hexen-1-ol, nerol, linalool, 2-heptanone, alpha-terpineol, beta- -caryophyllene, ethyl 2- -myrcene, gamma-octalactone,alpha-humulene, nerolidol, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E,E)- -farnesene, vanillin, phenylethylacetate, citral, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, or a combination thereof.

29. An antifungal composition comprising: 60% p-Thymol; 30% o-Thymol; and 10% trans-2-decen-1-al, wherein the composition is configured to reduce disease onset, pathogen spread, or a combination thereof.

30. An antifungal composition comprising: 40% p-Thymol;4250-P6WO -23-40% trans-2-decen-1-al; and 20% trans-Cinnamaldehyde, wherein the composition is configured to reduce disease onset, pathogen spread, or a combination thereof.

31. An antifungal compound comprising: 66% p-thymol; and 34% trans-cinnamaldehyde, wherein the composition is configured to reduce disease onset, pathogen spread, or a combination thereof.

32. The composition of Claim 31, wherein the composition further comprises one or more aroma compounds.

33. The composition of Claim 32, wherein the one or more aroma compounds are selected from 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, furaneol, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, beta-ionone, alpha-ionone, (R)-(+)-limonene, (S)-(-)- limonene, cis-3-Hexen-1-ol, nerol, linalool, 2-heptanone, alpha-terpineol, beta- -caryophyllene, ethyl 2- -myrcene, gamma-octalactone,alpha-humulene, nerolidol, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E,E)- -farnesene, vanillin, phenylethylacetate, citral, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, or a combination thereof.

34. A method of preventing spoilage comprising applying the composition of Claim 31 to a perishable good.

35. A method of preventing spoilage comprising disposing the composition of Claim 31 in proximity with a perishable good.

36. A method of preventing spoilage comprising applying the composition of Claim 1 to a perishable good.

37. A method of preventing spoilage comprising disposing the composition of Claim 1 in proximity with a perishable good.

38. A method of preventing spoilage comprising applying the composition of Claim 1 to a perishable good.4250-P6WO -24-39. A method of preventing spoilage comprising disposing the composition of Claim 1 in proximity with a perishable good.4250-P6WO -25-

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