Heterocyclic compounds, preparation methods and uses thereof
Novel heterocyclic compounds targeting KIF18A provide effective inhibition and treatment options for cancers and disorders by inhibiting KIF18A through diverse administration routes, addressing the need for therapeutic interventions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/096560
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-05-22
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-27
AI Technical Summary
There is an unmet medical need for therapeutic treatments targeting KIF18A protein, which is associated with various diseases, particularly cancer, as alterations in its expression or activity contribute to abnormal cell division and cancer development.
Development of novel heterocyclic compounds and pharmaceutical compositions that inhibit KIF18A, which can be administered via various routes, including oral, parenteral, and inhalation, and are formulated as monotherapy or in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapeutics, antibodies, radiation, or immunotherapy.
The compounds demonstrate good pharmacokinetic profiles and effectively inhibit KIF18A, offering potential therapeutic benefits for treating cancers like breast, bladder, colon, cervix, lung, pancreas, prostate, and ovarian cancers, as well as other KIF18A-related disorders.
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Figure CN2025096560_27112025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS, PREPARATION METHODS AND USES THEREOFCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims priority to International Application No. PCT / CN2024 / 094692, filed on May 22, 2024, the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONField of the Invention
[0002] In various embodiments, the present invention generally relates to novel heterocyclic compounds, compositions of the same, methods of preparing and methods of using the same, e.g., for inhibiting KIF18A and / or for treating a number of diseases or disorders, such as cancers associated with KIF18A protein. Background
[0003] KIF18A, a member of the kinesin-8 family, moves towards the plus-end direction of microtubules powered by the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis in cells. KIF18A is positioned at the plus-end of the microtubule to regulate the dynamic instability of the microtubule and exert the activity of microtubule depolymerase essential for chromosome segregation. During mitosis, KIF18A can regulate spindle microtubule dynamics and chromosome amplitude, and plays a key role in the timely completion of chromosome alignment, genomic stability and successful completion of mitosis. In addition, KIF18A is also involved in various other cellular processes, including cell cycle, cell migration, and the organization of the cytoplasm. Alterations in the expression or activity of KIF18A can result in abnormal cell division and contribute to the development of cancer.
[0004] Thus, there is an unmet medical need for therapeutic treatments of cancer associated with KIF18A protein. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides novel compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, methods of preparing and using the same. Typically, the compounds herein are KIF18A inhibitors. The compounds and compositions herein are useful for treating various diseases or disorders, such as cancers associated with KIF18A protein.
[0006] In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein the variables are defined herein. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I can have a subformula of Formula I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1, as defined herein. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound selected from those as shown in Table A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, when applicable, the compound can exist as a mixture of atropisomers in any ratio. In some embodiments, when applicable, the compound can exist as an isolated individual atropisomer substantially free (e.g., with less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 1%, by weight, by HPLC area, or both, or with a non-detectable amount) of the other atropisomer (s) .
[0007] Certain embodiments are directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more of the compounds of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., Formula I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1) , any of those shown in Table A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The pharmaceutical composition described herein can be formulated for different routes of administration, such as oral administration, parenteral administration, or inhalation etc.
[0008] Certain embodiments are directed to a method of treating a disease or disorder associated with KIF18A protein. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., Formula I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1) , any of compounds shown in Table A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition described herein. In some embodiments, a method of treating cancer is provided. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition described herein. In various embodiments, the cancer can be selected from breast, bladder, colon, cervix, lung, pancreas, prostate, and ovarian cancers. The administering is not limited to any particular route of administration. For example, in some embodiments, the administering can be orally, nasally, transdermally, pulmonary, inhalationally, buccally, sublingually, intraperintoneally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, rectally, intrapleurally, intrathecally and parenterally. The compounds of the present disclosure can be used as a monotherapy or in a combination therapy. In some embodiments, the combination therapy includes treating the subject with a chemotherapeutic agent, therapeutic antibody, radiation, cell therapy, or immunotherapy.
[0009] It is to be understood that both the foregoing summary and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not restrictive of the invention herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0010] International Application No. PCT / CN2023 / 133935, filed November 24, 2023, now published as WO2024 / 109923A1 on May 30, 2024, describes certain novel compounds that are KIF18A inhibitors. The entire contents of PCT / CN2023 / 133935 are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties for all purposes. In various embodiments, provided herein are further novel compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, methods of preparation and methods of use. Compounds
[0011] Some embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to novel compounds. The compounds herein typically can be an inhibitor of KIF18A. As shown in the Examples section, representative compounds have been tested in various DMPK related assays in addition to the enzyme inhibition and cellular assays. The tested compounds were shown to have good overall DMPK profile. Based on the exemplified data herein, compounds of the present disclosure are expected to have good human microsomal clearance profile, human plasma protein binding profile, and overall pharmacokinetic profile, and thus can be well suited for further pharmaceutical developments.
[0012] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein: R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl; or R1 and R2, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl ring or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl ring; R3 is SRA, S (O) RA, S (O) 2RA, S (O) NHRA, S (O) 2NHRA, CH2S (O) 2RA, NHS (O) 2RA, or NHS (O) 2CH2RA1, wherein RA is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C1-8 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-10 carbocyclyl, or an optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclyl, and RA1 is an optionally substituted C3-10 carbocyclyl or an optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclyl; R4 at each occurrence is independently CN, OH, NH2, halogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl; m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; R5 at each occurrence is independently CN, OH, NH2, halogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl; n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; is a phenyl ring, a 5-or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring, a 9-or 10- membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring, or a 12-or 13-membered polycyclic heterocyclic ring; R6 at each occurrence is independently halogen, CN, OH, NH2, NO2, oxo, imino, RT, ORT, SRT, NRT1RT, CORT, COORT, CONRT1RT, NHCORT, S (O) 2NRT1RT, S (O) NRT1RT, or NHS (O) 2RT, wherein RT at each occurrence is independently an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-10 carbocyclyl, an optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl, or an optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, and RT1 at each occurrence is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl; and p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
[0013] In some embodiments, the present disclosure also provides a prodrug of the compound of Formula I (e.g., any of the subformulae herein) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. As understood in the art, a prodrug of an active ingredient generally refers to a compound that can be converted into the active ingredient upon administration to a subject, such as a mammal, preferably, a human. A prodrug is typically stable such that it can be prepared and / or formulated prior to administration to a subject. In some embodiments, the prodrug is an ester prodrug, such as those derived from an OH group of the compound of Formula I and a carboxylic acid having 1-20 carbons, wherein one or more carbons can have optional substituents, such as OH, NH2, monoalkyl amine, dialkyl amine, etc. In some embodiments, the prodrug is an amino ester prodrug, e.g., a prodrug derived from an OH group of the compound of Formula I and an amino acid, such as a nature amino acid (e.g., L-valine) or a non-natural amino acid, or a peptide such as dipeptide, tripeptide, or tetrapeptide. The ester prodrug and amino ester prodrug herein are preferably pharmaceutically acceptable esters. Other types of prodrugs are also suitable.
[0014] It should be apparent to those of ordinarily skilled in the art that in certain cases, the compound of Formula I (including any of the applicable sub-formulae as described herein) may exist as a mixture of tautomers. The present disclosure is not limited to any specific tautomer. Rather, the present disclosure encompasses any and all of such tautomers whether or not explicitly drawn or referred to.
[0015] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I (including any of the applicable sub-formulae as described herein) can exist as an isotopically labeled compound, particularly, a deuterated analog, wherein one or more of the hydrogen atoms of the compound of Formula I (including any of the applicable sub-formulae as described herein) is / are substituted with a deuterium atom with an abundance above its natural abundance, e.g., a CD3 analog when the compound has a CH3 group. Without wishing to be bound by theories, it is believed that in some cases, a deuterated analog can have a better or more desired pharmacokinetic profile when compared to their non-deuterated counterpart.
[0016] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I can be characterized by having Formula I-1: wherein the variables R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, m, p, and include any of those described herein in any combination.
[0017] In some embodiments, in Formula I or I-1, is a phenyl ring. In some embodiments, in Formula I or I-1, is a 5-or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring containing one or two ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S; preferably, a 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring containing one or two ring N atoms. In some embodiments, in Formula I or I-1, is a 9-or 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring containing one, two, three or four ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S; preferably, a 9-or 10-membered fused bicyclic heteroaryl ring containing two, three or four ring N atoms. In some embodiments, in Formula I or I-1, is a 12-or 13-membered polycyclic (e.g., tricyclic or tetracyclic) heterocyclic ring containing one, two or three ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, in which one or more rings, but not all, can be aromatic; preferably, a 13-membered tetracyclic heterocyclic ring containing two or three ring N atoms.
[0018] In some embodiments, in Formula I or I-1, R6 at each occurrence can independently be any one as defined below for RB, RC, RC1, RD, RE, RF, RG, RG1, or RG2 that are not hydrogen. In some embodiments, in Formula I or I-1, p is 1, 2, or 3.
[0019] In some embodiments, in Formula I or I-1, is selected from the following groups which are further optionally substituted: wherein: each of RB, RE, RF, RG1, and RG2 are independently hydrogen, halogen, CN, OH, NH2, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl; RC is RT, ORT, SRT, NRT1RT, CORT, COORT, CONRT1RT, NHCORT, S (O) 2NRT1RT, S (O) NRT1RT, or NHS (O) 2RT, wherein RT is independently an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-10 carbocyclyl, an optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl, or an optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, and RT1 is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl; RC1 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted C3-10 carbocyclyl; RD is hydrogen, halogen, CN, OH, NH2, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-4 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-10 carbocyclyl, an optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl, or an optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl; and RG is hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl.
[0020] In some embodiments, RB is hydrogen, halogen (e.g., F) , C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, or cyclopropyl; preferably, RB is hydrogen or F.
[0021] In some embodiments, RC is an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl containing one or two ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S; preferably, a fluoro-substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl containing one ring N atom, such as In some embodiments, RC is an N-linked 4-6 membered heterocyclyl containing the ring nitrogen and optionally one additional ring heteroatom selected from N, O and S, wherein the heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from oxo, F, OH, and methyl. In some embodiments, RC is an N-linked 6 membered heterocyclyl containing the ring nitrogen and optionally one additional ring heteroatom selected from N, O and S, wherein the heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from oxo, F, OH, and methyl. In some embodiments, the N-linked 6 membered heterocyclyl is which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from oxo, F, OH, and methyl, preferably, when substituted, the piperidinyl is substituted with one or two F. In some embodiments, RC is an optionally substituted 4-6 membered cycloalkyl; preferably, a fluoro-substituted 4-6 membered cycloalkyl, such as In some embodiments, RC is NHRT, wherein RT is an optionally substituted 4-6 membered cycloalkyl; preferably, RC is NHRT, wherein RT is a fluoro-substituted 4-6 membered cycloalkyl, such as In some embodiments, RC is S (O) 2NHRT, wherein RT is C1-6 alkyl, preferably t-butyl (that is, RC is ) . In some embodiments, RC is In some embodiments, RC is In some embodiments, RC is
[0022] In some embodiments, RC1 is an optionally substituted 4-6 membered cycloalkyl; preferably, a fluoro-substituted 4-6 membered cycloalkyl, such as
[0023] In some embodiments, RD is hydrogen. In some embodiments, RD is CN. In some embodiments, RD is O- (C1-6 alkyl) , such as OCH3. In some embodiments, RD is CONH (C1-6 alkyl) , such as CONHCH3 or CONHCH2CH3. In some embodiments, RD is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl containing one, two, three, or four ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S; preferably, a 5-membered heteroaryl containing one, two, three, or four ring N atoms and optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , such as In some preferred embodiments, RD is a pyrazolyl optionally substituted with methyl. In some preferred embodiments, RD is an imidazolyl optionally substituted with methyl. In some preferred embodiments, RD is a triazolyl optionally substituted with methyl. In some embodiments, RD is selected from In some embodiments, RD is In some embodiments, RD is an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl containing one or two ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S; preferably, a 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or two ring N atoms and optionally substituted with halogen and / or C1-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , such as
[0024] In some embodiments, RE is hydrogen, halogen (e.g., F) , C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, or cyclopropyl; preferably, RE is hydrogen or F.
[0025] In some embodiments, RF is hydrogen, halogen (e.g., F) , C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, or cyclopropyl; preferably, RF is hydrogen or F.
[0026] In some embodiments, RG is hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , or cyclopropyl; preferably, RG is hydrogen or methyl.
[0027] In some embodiments, RG1 and RG2 are each independently hydrogen, halogen (e.g., F) , C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, or cyclopropyl; preferably, RG1 and RG2 are both F.
[0028] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I-1 can be characterized by having Formula I-1-A: wherein the variables R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, m, RC, RD, RE, and RF include any of those described herein in any combination.
[0029] In some embodiments, in Formula I, I-1 or I-1-A, R1 and R2 are both F or both methyl. In some embodiments, in Formula I, I-1 or I-1-A, R1 and R2, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form an optionally substituted cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl ring, preferably a cyclopropyl ring. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I-1 is a compound of Formula I-1-A1: wherein the variables R3, R5, RC, and RD are defined herein.
[0030] In some embodiments, in Formula I, I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1, R3 is an optionally substituted -S (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) , such as -S (O) 2CH3 or -S (O) 2CH2CH3. In some embodiments, in Formula I, I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1, R3 is an optionally substituted -S (O) 2 (C3-4 cycloalkyl) , such as -S (O) 2-cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, in Formula I, I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1, R3 is an optionally substituted S (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) , CH2S (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) , or NHS (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) ; preferably, R3 is S (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) , CH2S (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) , or NHS (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) , wherein said C1-4 alkyl in S (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) , CH2S (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) , or NHS (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) is optionally substituted with OH or NH2, such as S (O) 2CH2CH2OH, CH2S (O) 2CH2CH2OH, NHS (O) 2CH2CH2OH, or NHS (O) 2CH2CH3. In some embodiments, R3 is S (O) 2CH2CH2OH. In some embodiments, R3 is CH2S (O) 2CH2CH2OH. In some embodiments, R3 is NHS (O) 2CH2CH3. In some preferred embodiments, R3 is NHS (O) 2CH2CH2OH. In some embodiments, in Formula I, I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1, R3 is an optionally substituted NHS (O) 2CH2 (C3-4 cycloalkyl) ; preferably, R3 is NHS (O) 2CH2 (C3-4 cycloalkyl) , wherein said C3-4 cycloalkyl in NHS (O) 2CH2 (C3-4 cycloalkyl) is substituted with OH or NH2, such as In some embodiments, in Formula I, I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1, R3 is an optionally substituted NHS (O) 2 (a4-5 membered heterocyclyl) ; preferably, R3 is NHS (O) 2 (a4-5 membered heterocyclyl) , wherein said 4-5 membered heterocyclyl in NHS (O) 2 (a4-5 membered heterocyclyl) contains one ring heteroatom selected from N, O or S and is optionally substituted with OH or NH2, such as In some embodiments, in Formula I, I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1, R3 is an optionally substituted NHS (O) 2 (C1-7 heteroalkyl) ; preferably, R3 is NHS (O) 2 (C1-7 heteroalkyl) , wherein said C1-7 heteroalkyl in NHS (O) 2 (C1-7 heteroalkyl) contains one, two or three heteroatoms independently selected from N, O or S and is optionally substituted with oxo, OH and / or NH2, for example, R3 is
[0031] In some embodiments, in Formula I, I-1 or I-1-A, m is 0. In some embodiments, in Formula I, I-1 or I-1-A, m is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and R4 at each occurrence is independently CN, OH, NH2, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or O- (C1-6 alkyl) .
[0032] In some embodiments, in Formula I, n is 0. In some embodiments, in Formula I, n is 1, 2, or 3, and R5 at each occurrence is independently CN, OH, NH2, halogen (e.g., F) , C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or O- (C1-6 alkyl) . In some embodiments, in Formula I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1, R5 is CN, OH, NH2, halogen (e.g., F) , C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or O- (C1-6 alkyl) ; preferably, R5 is F.
[0033] In some embodiments, the present disclosure also provides a compound selected from those as shown in Table A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure also provides a prodrug of a compound selected from those as shown in Table A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, e.g., an ester prodrug or an amino ester prodrug as described herein. Table A. Exemplary compounds of the present disclosure
[0034] In some embodiments, when applicable, the genus of compounds described herein also excludes any of the compounds specifically prepared and disclosed in WO2024109923A1. In some embodiments, when applicable, the genus of compounds described herein also excludes any of the compounds specifically prepared and published prior to this disclosure.
[0035] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound selected from compound Nos. 1-50 as shown in the Examples section herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound selected from compound Nos. 17, 28, 29, and 33, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound selected from compound Nos. 9, 11, and 12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound selected from compound Nos. 17 and 21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound selected from compound Nos. 2, 3, 10, 11, and 12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound selected from compound Nos. 12 and 17, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound of compound No. 2. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound of compound No. 3. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound of compound No. 10. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound of compound No. 11. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound of compound No. 12. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound of compound No. 17. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound of compound No. 21. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound of compound No. 28. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound of compound No. 29. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound of compound No. 33. Method of Synthesis
[0036] The compounds of the present disclosure can be readily synthesized by those skilled in the art in view of the present disclosure. Exemplified synthesis is also shown in the Examples section.
[0037] As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, conventional protecting groups may be necessary to prevent certain functional groups from undergoing undesired reactions. Suitable protecting groups for various functional groups as well as suitable conditions for protecting and deprotecting particular functional groups are well known in the art. For example, numerous protecting groups are described in “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis” , 4th ed. P.G.M. Wuts; T.W. Greene, John Wiley, 2007, and references cited therein. The reagents for the reactions described herein are generally known compounds or can be prepared by known procedures or obvious modifications thereof. For example, many of the reagents are available from commercial suppliers such as Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA) , Sigma (St. Louis, Missouri, USA) . Others may be prepared by procedures, or obvious modifications thereof, described in standard reference texts such as Fieser and Fieser's Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Volumes 1-15 (John Wiley and Sons, 1991) , Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Volumes 1-5 and Supplemental (Elsevier Science Publishers, 1989) , Organic Reactions, Volumes 1-40 (John Wiley and Sons, 1991) , March's Advanced Organic Chemistry, (Wiley, 7th Edition) , and Larock's Comprehensive Organic Transformations (Wiley-VCH, 1999) , and any of available updates as of this filing. Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0038] Certain embodiments are directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more of the compounds of the present disclosure.
[0039] The pharmaceutical composition can optionally contain a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., Formula I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1) , any of compounds shown in Table A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients are known in the art. Non-limiting suitable excipients include, for example, encapsulating materials or additives such as absorption accelerators, antioxidants, binders, buffers, carriers, coating agents, coloring agents, diluents, disintegrating agents, emulsifiers, extenders, fillers, flavoring agents, humectants, lubricants, perfumes, preservatives, propellants, releasing agents, sterilizing agents, sweeteners, solubilizers, wetting agents and mixtures thereof. See also Remington's The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st Edition, A. R. Gennaro (Lippincott, Williams &Wilkins, Baltimore, Md., 2005; incorporated herein by reference) , which discloses various excipients used in formulating pharmaceutical compositions and known techniques for the preparation thereof.
[0040] The pharmaceutical composition can include any one or more of the compounds of the present disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound of Formula I (e.g., Formula I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1) , any of compounds shown in Table A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) , e.g., in a therapeutically effective amount. In any of the embodiments described herein, the pharmaceutical composition can comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a compound shown in Table A or in the Examples section, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0041] The pharmaceutical composition can also be formulated for delivery via any of the known routes of delivery, which include but are not limited to oral, parenteral, inhalation, etc.
[0042] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated for oral administration. The oral formulations can be presented in discrete units, such as capsules, pills, cachets, lozenges, or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of the active compound; as a powder or granules; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion. Excipients for the preparation of compositions for oral administration are known in the art. Non-limiting suitable excipients include, for example, agar, alginic acid, aluminum hydroxide, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, 1, 3-butylene glycol, carbomers, castor oil, cellulose, cellulose acetate, cocoa butter, corn starch, corn oil, cottonseed oil, cross-povidone, diglycerides, ethanol, ethyl cellulose, ethyl laureate, ethyl oleate, fatty acid esters, gelatin, germ oil, glucose, glycerol, groundnut oil, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, isopropanol, isotonic saline, lactose, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium stearate, malt, mannitol, monoglycerides, olive oil, peanut oil, potassium phosphate salts, potato starch, povidone, propylene glycol, Ringer's solution, safflower oil, sesame oil, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium phosphate salts, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium sorbitol, soybean oil, stearic acids, stearyl fumarate, sucrose, surfactants, talc, tragacanth, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, triglycerides, water, and mixtures thereof.
[0043] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for parenteral administration (such as intravenous injection or infusion, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection) . The parenteral formulations can be, for example, an aqueous solution, a suspension, or an emulsion. Excipients for the preparation of parenteral formulations are known in the art. Non-limiting suitable excipients include, for example, 1, 3-butanediol, castor oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, dextrose, germ oil, groundnut oil, liposomes, oleic acid, olive oil, peanut oil, Ringer's solution, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, U. S. P. or isotonic sodium chloride solution, water and mixtures thereof.
[0044] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for inhalation. The inhalable formulations can be, for example, formulated as a nasal spray, dry powder, or an aerosol administrable through a metered-dose inhaler. Excipients for preparing formulations for inhalation are known in the art. Non-limiting suitable excipients include, for example, lactose, talc, silicic acid, aluminum hydroxide, calcium silicates and polyamide powder, and mixtures of these substances. Sprays can additionally contain propellants, such as chlorofluorohydrocarbons and volatile unsubstituted hydrocarbons, such as butane and propane.
[0045] The pharmaceutical composition can include various amounts of the compounds of the present disclosure, depending on various factors such as the intended use and potency and selectivity of the compounds. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., Formula I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1) , any of compounds shown in Table A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) . In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of the present disclosure and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. As used herein, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure is an amount effective to treat a disease or disorder as described herein, which can depend on the recipient of the treatment, the disease or disorder being treated and the severity thereof, the composition containing the compound, the time of administration, the route of administration, the duration of treatment, the compound potency (e.g., for inhibiting KIF18A) , its rate of clearance and whether or not another drug is co-administered.
[0046] For veterinary use, a compound of the present disclosure can be administered as a suitably acceptable formulation in accordance with normal veterinary practice. The veterinarian can readily determine the dosing regimen and route of administration that is most appropriate for a particular animal.
[0047] In some embodiments, all the necessary components for the treatment of KIF18A-related disorder using a compound of the present disclosure either alone or in combination with another agent or intervention traditionally used for the treatment of such disease can be packaged into a kit. Specifically, in some embodiments, the present invention provides a kit for use in the therapeutic intervention of the disease comprising a packaged set of medicaments that include the compound disclosed herein as well as buffers and other components for preparing deliverable forms of said medicaments, and / or devices for delivering such medicaments, and / or any agents that are used in combination therapy with the compound of the present disclosure, and / or instructions for the treatment of the disease packaged with the medicaments. The instructions may be fixed in any tangible medium, such as printed paper, or a computer readable magnetic or optical medium, or instructions to reference a remote computer data source such as a world wide web page accessible via the internet. Method of Treatment
[0048] Compounds of the present disclosure are useful as therapeutic active substances for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of diseases or disorders that are associated with KIF18A protein.
[0049] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of inhibiting KIF18A in a cell, the method comprising contacting the cell with an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., Formula I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1) , any of compounds shown in Table A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) .
[0050] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a disease or disorder, e.g., a cancer associated with KIF18A protein, in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., Formula I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1) , any of compounds shown in Table A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition described herein.
[0051] In some embodiments, a method for treatment of cancer is provided, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of any of the compound of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., Formula I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1) , any of compounds shown in Table A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises a KIF18A protein. In various embodiments, the cancer can be a solid or hematologically derived tumor selected from cancer of the cancer of the bladder, endometrial, lung squamous cell, breast, colon, kidney, liver, lung, small cell lung cancer, esophagus, gall-bladder, brain, head and neck, ovary, pancreas, stomach, cervix, thyroid, prostate and skin. In some embodiments, the cancer is a hematopoietic tumor of lymphoid lineage selected from leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, T-cell-lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, hairy cell lymphoma and Burkett’s lymphoma. In some embodiments, the cancer is a hematopoietic tumor of myeloid lineage selected from acute and chronic myelogenous leukemias, myelodysplastic syndrome and promyelocytic leukemia. In some embodiments, the cancer is a tumor of mesenchymal origin selected from fibrosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. In some embodiments, the cancer is a tumor of the central and peripheral nervous system selected from astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, glioma and schwannoma. In some embodiments, the cancer is a melanoma, seminoma, teratocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, xenoderoma pigmentosum, keratoctanthoma, thyroid follicular cancer or Kaposi’s sarcoma.
[0052] In some embodiments the present disclosure provides a method of treating a disease or disorder (e.g., a cancer described herein) in a subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprises determining if the subject has KIF18A protein, and if the subject is determined to have the KIF18A protein, then administering to the subject a therapeutically effective dose of at least one compound of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., Formula I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1) , any of compounds shown in Table A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the at least one compound of the present disclosure.
[0053] Compounds of the present disclosure can be used as a monotherapy or in a combination therapy. In some embodiments, the combination therapy includes treating the subject with a chemotherapeutic agent, therapeutic antibody, radiation, cell therapy, or immunotherapy. In some embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure can also be co-administered with an additional pharmaceutically active compound, either concurrently or sequentially in any order, to a subject in need thereof (e.g., a subject having a cancer associated with KIF18A protein as described herein) . In some embodiments, the additional pharmaceutically active compound can be a chemotherapeutic agent, a therapeutic antibody, etc. Any of the known chemotherapeutics can be used in combination with the compounds of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure can also be used in combination with a radiation therapy, hormone therapy, cell therapy, surgery and immunotherapy, which therapies are well known to those skilled in the art.
[0054] The administering herein is not limited to any particular route of administration. For example, in some embodiments, the administering can be orally, nasally, transdermally, pulmonary, inhalationally, buccally, sublingually, intraperintoneally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, rectally, intrapleurally, intrathecally and parenterally. In some embodiments, the administering is orally.
[0055] Dosing regimen including doses can vary and can be adjusted, which can depend on the recipient of the treatment, the disease or disorder being treated and the severity thereof, the composition containing the compound, the time of administration, the route of administration, the duration of treatment, the compound potency, its rate of clearance and whether or not another drug is co-administered. Definitions
[0056] It is meant to be understood that proper valences are maintained for all moieties and combinations thereof.
[0057] It is also meant to be understood that a specific embodiment of a variable moiety herein can be the same or different as another specific embodiment having the same identifier.
[0058] Suitable atoms or groups for the variables herein are independently selected. The definitions of the variables can be combined. Using Formula I as an example, any of the definitions of one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, m, n, p, RA, RA1, RB, RC, RC1, RD, RE, RF, RG, RG1, RG2, RT and RT1 in Formula I or its subformula of Formula I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1 can be combined with any of the definitions of the others of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, m, n, p, RA, RA1, RB, RC, RC1, RD, RE, RF, RG, RG1, RG2, RT and RT1 in Formula I or its subformula of Formula I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1. Such combination is contemplated and within the scope of the present invention.
[0059] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. The chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Ed., inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Thomas Sorrell, Organic Chemistry, University Science Books, Sausalito, 1999; Smith and March, March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 5th Edition, John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York, 2001; Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 1989; and Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987. The disclosure is not intended to be limited in any manner by the exemplary listing of substituents described herein.
[0060] Compounds of the present disclosure can comprise one or more asymmetric centers and / or axial chirality, and thus can exist in various isomeric forms, e.g., enantiomers and / or diastereomers. For example, the compounds described herein can be in the form of an individual enantiomer, diastereomer, atropisomer, or geometric isomer, or can be in the form of a mixture of stereoisomers, including racemic mixtures and mixtures enriched in one or more stereoisomer. Isomers can be isolated from mixtures by methods known to those skilled in the art, including chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the formation and crystallization of chiral salts; or preferred isomers can be prepared by asymmetric syntheses. See, for example, Jacques et al., Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1981) ; Wilen et al., Tetrahedron 33: 2725 (1977) ; Eliel, Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGraw–Hill, NY, 1962) ; and Wilen, Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p. 268 (E. L. Eliel, Ed., Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN 1972) . The disclosure additionally encompasses compounds described herein as individual isomers substantially free of other isomers, and alternatively, as mixtures of various isomers including racemic mixtures. When a stereochemistry is specifically drawn, it should be understood that with respect to that particular chiral center or axial chirality, the compound exists predominantly as the as-drawn stereoisomer, such as with less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 1%, by weight, by HPLC or SFC area, or both, or with a non-detectable amount of the other stereoisomer (s) , for example, having an enantiomeric excess of greater than 60%, greater than 80%, greater than 90%, greater than 98%etc. The presence and / or amounts of stereoisomers can be determined by those skilled in the art in view of the present disclosure, including through the use of chiral HPLC or SFC.
[0061] Compounds of the present disclosure can have atropisomers. In any of the embodiments described herein, when applicable, the compound of the present disclosure can exist as a mixture of atropisomers in any ratio. In some embodiments, when applicable, the compound can exist as an isolated individual atropisomer substantially free (e.g., with less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 1%, by weight, by HPLC or SFC area, or both, or with a non-detectable amount) of the other atropisomer (s) , for example, having an enantiomeric excess of greater than 60%, greater than 80%, greater than 90%, greater than 98%etc. The Examples section shows some exemplary isolated atropisomers of compounds of the present disclosure. As understood by those skilled in the art, when the rotation is restricted around a single bond, e.g., a biaryl single bond, a compound may exist in a mixture of atropisomers with each individual atropisomer isolable.
[0062] When a range of values is listed, it is intended to encompass each value and sub–range within the range. For example, “C1–6” is intended to encompass, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C1–6, C1–5, C1–4, C1–3, C1–2, C2–6, C2–5, C2–4, C2–3, C3–6, C3–5, C3–4, C4–6, C4–5, and C5–6.
[0063] As used herein, the term “compound (s) of the present disclosure” or “compound (s) of the present invention” refers to any of the compounds described herein according to Formula I (e.g., Formula I-1, I-1-A, or I-1-A1) , any of compounds shown in Table A and in the Examples section, isotopically labeled compound (s) thereof (such as a deuterated analog wherein one of the hydrogen atoms is substituted with a deuterium atom with an abundance above its natural abundance) , possible stereoisomers thereof (including diastereoisomers, enantiomers, and racemic mixtures) , geometric isomers thereof, atropisomers thereof, tautomers thereof, conformational isomers thereof, and / or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof (e.g., acid addition salt such as HCl salt or base addition salt such as Na salt) . Hydrates and solvates of the compounds of the present disclosure are considered compositions of the present disclosure, wherein the compound (s) is in association with water or solvent, respectively. In some embodiments, the compound of the present disclosure is a compound selected from compound Nos. 1-50 of the Examples section herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the compound of the present disclosure is a compound of compound No. 2. In some embodiments, the compound of the present disclosure is a compound of compound No. 3. In some embodiments, the compound of the present disclosure is a compound of compound No. 10. In some embodiments, the compound of the present disclosure is a compound of compound No. 11. In some embodiments, the compound of the present disclosure is a compound of compound No. 12. In some embodiments, the compound of the present disclosure is a compound of compound No. 17. In some embodiments, the compound of the present disclosure is a compound of compound No. 21. In some embodiments, the compound of the present disclosure is a compound of compound No. 28. In some embodiments, the compound of the present disclosure is a compound of compound No. 29. In some embodiments, the compound of the present disclosure is a compound of compound No. 33.
[0064] Compounds of the present disclosure can exist in isotope-labeled or -enriched form containing one or more atoms having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number most abundantly found in nature. Isotopes can be radioactive or non-radioactive isotopes. Isotopes of atoms such as hydrogen, carbon, phosphorous, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, and iodine include, but are not limited to 2H, 3H, 13C, 14C, 15N, 18O, 32P, 35S, 18F, 36Cl, and 125I. Compounds that contain other isotopes of these and / or other atoms are within the scope of this invention.
[0065] As used herein, the term "alkyl" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a straight-or branched-chain aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon. In some embodiments, the alkyl which can include one to twelve carbon atoms (i.e., C1-12 alkyl) or the number of carbon atoms designated (i.e., a C1 alkyl such as methyl, a C2 alkyl such as ethyl, a C3 alkyl such as propyl or isopropyl, etc. ) . In one embodiment, the alkyl group is a straight chain C1-10 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is a branched chain C3-10 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is a straight chain C1-6 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is a branched chain C3-6 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is a straight chain C1-4 alkyl group. For example, a C1-4 alkyl group as used herein refers to a group selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl (n-propyl) , isopropyl, butyl (n-butyl) , sec-butyl, tert-butyl, and iso-butyl. An optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl group refers to the C1-4 alkyl group as defined, optionally substituted with one or more permissible substituents as described herein. As used herein, the term "alkylene" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a divalent radical derived from an alkyl group. For example, non-limiting straight chain alkylene groups include -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-, and the like.
[0066] As used herein, the term “heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl group as defined above, with one or more carbon being replaced with a heteroatom, such as O or N. A heteroalkyl can be designated by its number of carbons. For example, a C1-4 heteroalkyl refers to a heteroalkyl group containing 1-4 carbons. When optionally substituted, either the heteroatom or the carbon atom of the heteroalkyl group can be substituted with a permissible substituent. As used herein, the term "heteroalkylene" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a divalent radical derived from a heteroalkyl group.
[0067] As used herein, the term "alkenyl" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group as defined above containing one, two or three carbon-to-carbon double bonds. In one embodiment, the alkenyl group is a C2-6 alkenyl group. In another embodiment, the alkenyl group is a C2-4 alkenyl group. Non-limiting exemplary alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, sec-butenyl, pentenyl, and hexenyl.
[0068] As used herein, the term "alkynyl" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group as defined above containing one to three carbon-to-carbon triple bonds. In one embodiment, the alkynyl has one carbon-carbon triple bond. In one embodiment, the alkynyl group is a C2-6 alkynyl group. In another embodiment, the alkynyl group is a C2-4 alkynyl group. Non-limiting exemplary alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, 2-butynyl, pentynyl, and hexynyl groups.
[0069] As used herein, the term "alkoxy" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula ORa1, wherein Ra1 is an alkyl.
[0070] As used herein, the term "haloalkyl" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl substituted with one or more fluorine, chlorine, bromine and / or iodine atoms. In preferred embodiments, the haloalkyl is an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three fluorine atoms. In one embodiment, the haloalkyl group is a C1-10 haloalkyl group. In one embodiment, the haloalkyl group is a C1-6 haloalkyl group. In one embodiment, the haloalkyl group is a C1-4 haloalkyl group.
[0071] “Carbocyclyl” or “carbocyclic” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of a non–aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms ( “C3–10 carbocyclyl” ) and zero heteroatoms in the non–aromatic ring system. The carbocyclyl group can be either monocyclic ( “monocyclic carbocyclyl” ) or contain a fused, bridged or spiro ring system such as a bicyclic system ( “bicyclic carbocyclyl” ) and can be saturated or can be partially unsaturated. “Carbocyclyl” also includes ring systems wherein the carbocyclic ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups wherein the point of attachment is on the carbocyclic ring, and in such instances, the number of carbons continue to designate the number of carbons in the carbocyclic ring system. Non-limiting exemplary carbocyclyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, norbornyl, decalin, adamantyl, cyclopentenyl, and cyclohexenyl.
[0072] In some embodiments, “carbocyclyl” is a monocyclic, saturated carbocyclyl group having from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms ( “C3–10 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms ( “C3–8 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms ( “C3–6 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 5 to 6 ring carbon atoms ( “C5–6 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 5 to 10 ring carbon atoms ( “C5–10 cycloalkyl” ) .
[0073] “Heterocyclyl” or “heterocyclic” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of a 3–to 10–membered non–aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, boron, phosphorus, and silicon ( “3–10 membered heterocyclyl” ) . In heterocyclyl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits. A heterocyclyl group can either be monocyclic ( “monocyclic heterocyclyl” ) or a fused, bridged, or spiro ring system, such as a bicyclic system ( “bicyclic heterocyclyl” ) , and can be saturated or can be partially unsaturated. Heterocyclyl bicyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings. “Heterocyclyl” also includes ring systems wherein the heterocyclic ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl groups wherein the point of attachment is either on the carbocyclyl or heterocyclic ring, or ring systems wherein the heterocyclic ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups, wherein the point of attachment is on the heterocyclic ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members continue to designate the number of ring members in the heterocyclic ring system.
[0074] Exemplary 3–membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azirdinyl, oxiranyl, thiiranyl. Exemplary 4–membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azetidinyl, oxetanyl and thietanyl. Exemplary 5–membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, dihydrothiophenyl, pyrrolidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, and pyrrolyl–2, 5–dione. Exemplary 5–membered heterocyclyl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, dioxolanyl, oxasulfuranyl, disulfuranyl, and oxazolidin-2-one. Exemplary 5–membered heterocyclyl groups containing three heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazolinyl, oxadiazolinyl, and thiadiazolinyl. Exemplary 6–membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyridinyl, and thianyl. Exemplary 6–membered heterocyclyl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, and dioxanyl. Exemplary 6–membered heterocyclyl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazinanyl. Exemplary 7–membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azepanyl, oxepanyl and thiepanyl. Exemplary 8–membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azocanyl, oxecanyl and thiocanyl. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups fused to a C6 aryl ring (also referred to herein as a 5, 6-bicyclic heterocyclic ring) include, without limitation, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydrobenzothienyl, benzoxazolinonyl, and the like. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups fused to an aryl ring (also referred to herein as a 6, 6-bicyclic heterocyclic ring) include, without limitation, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and the like.
[0075] “Aryl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of a monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic or tricyclic) 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., having 6, 10, or 14 pi electrons shared in a cyclic array) having 6–14 ring carbon atoms and zero heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system ( “C6–14 aryl” ) . In some embodiments, an aryl group has six ring carbon atoms ( “C6 aryl” ; e.g., phenyl) . In some embodiments, an aryl group has ten ring carbon atoms ( “C10 aryl” ; e.g., naphthyl such as 1–naphthyl and 2–naphthyl) . In some embodiments, an aryl group has fourteen ring carbon atoms ( “C14 aryl” ; e.g., anthracyl) . “Aryl” also includes ring systems wherein the aryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl groups wherein the radical or point of attachment is on the aryl ring, and in such instances, the number of carbon atoms continue to designate the number of carbon atoms in the aryl ring system.
[0076] “Aralkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl substituted with one or more aryl groups, preferably, substituted with one aryl group. Examples of aralkyl include benzyl, phenethyl, etc. When an aralkyl is said to be optionally substituted, either the alkyl portion or the aryl portion of the aralkyl can be optionally substituted.
[0077] “Heteroaryl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of a 5–10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., having 6 or 10 pi electrons shared in a cyclic array) having ring carbon atoms and 1–4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur ( “5–10 membered heteroaryl” ) . In heteroaryl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits. Heteroaryl bicyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings. “Heteroaryl” includes ring systems wherein the heteroaryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl groups wherein the point of attachment is on the heteroaryl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members continue to designate the number of ring members in the heteroaryl ring system. “Heteroaryl” also includes ring systems wherein the heteroaryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl groups wherein the point of attachment is either on the aryl or heteroaryl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members designates the number of ring members in the fused (aryl / heteroaryl) ring system. Bicyclic heteroaryl groups wherein one ring does not contain a heteroatom (e.g., indolyl, quinolinyl, carbazolyl, and the like) the point of attachment can be on either ring, i.e., either the ring bearing a heteroatom (e.g., 2–indolyl) or the ring that does not contain a heteroatom (e.g., 5–indolyl) .
[0078] Exemplary 5–membered heteroaryl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, pyrrolyl, furanyl, and thiophenyl. Exemplary 5–membered heteroaryl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, and isothiazolyl. Exemplary 5–membered heteroaryl groups containing three heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, and thiadiazolyl. Exemplary 5–membered heteroaryl groups containing four heteroatoms include, without limitation, tetrazolyl. Exemplary 6–membered heteroaryl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, pyridinyl. Exemplary 6–membered heteroaryl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl. Exemplary 6–membered heteroaryl groups containing three or four heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazinyl and tetrazinyl, respectively. Exemplary 7–membered heteroaryl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azepinyl, oxepinyl, and thiepinyl. Exemplary 5, 6–bicyclic heteroaryl groups include, without limitation, indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, isobenzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, benzoisofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzthiadiazolyl, indolizinyl, and purinyl. Exemplary 6, 6–bicyclic heteroaryl groups include, without limitation, naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, and quinazolinyl.
[0079] “Heteroaralkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl substituted with one or more heteroaryl groups, preferably, substituted with one heteroaryl group. When a heteroaralkyl is said to be optionally substituted, either the alkyl portion or the heteroaryl portion of the heteroaralkyl can be optionally substituted.
[0080] As commonly understood by those skilled in the art, alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, carbocyclylene, heterocyclylene, arylene, and heteroarylene refer to the corresponding divalent radicals of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl groups, respectively.
[0081] An “optionally substituted” group, such as an optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, refers to the respective group that is unsubstituted or substituted. In general, the term “substituted” , whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, means that at least one hydrogen present on a group (e.g., a carbon or nitrogen atom) is replaced with a permissible substituent, e.g., a substituent which upon substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., a compound which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, or other reaction. Unless otherwise indicated, a “substituted” group has a substituent at one or more substitutable positions of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure is substituted, the substituent can be the same or different at each position. Typically, when substituted, the optionally substituted groups herein can be substituted with 1-5 substituents. Substituents can be a carbon atom substituent, a nitrogen atom substituent, an oxygen atom substituent or a sulfur atom substituent, as applicable.
[0082] Unless expressly stated to the contrary, combinations of substituents and / or variables are allowable only if such combinations are chemically allowed and result in a stable compound. A “stable” compound is a compound that can be prepared and isolated and whose structure and properties remain or can be caused to remain essentially unchanged for a period of time sufficient to allow use of the compound for the purposes described herein (e.g., therapeutic administration to a subject) .
[0083] In some embodiments, the “optionally substituted” non-aromatic group herein can be unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents or even 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from F, Cl, -OH, oxo (as applicable) , C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkoxy, phenyl, 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl containing 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms or even 3 or 4 ring heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N, 4-7 membered heterocyclyl containing 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms or even 3 or 4 ring heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N, or independently selected from Br, I, -NH2 and -CN, wherein each of the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy phenyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl, is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents or even 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from F, -OH, oxo (as applicable) , C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl (e.g., CF3) , C1-4 alkoxy and fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkoxy, or independently selected from Cl, Br, I, -NH2 and -CN. In some embodiments, the “optionally substituted” aromatic group (including aryl and heteroaryl groups) herein can be unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents or even 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from F, Cl, -OH, -CN, C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkoxy, phenyl, 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl containing 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms or even 3 or 4 ring heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N, 4-7 membered heterocyclyl containing 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms or even 3 or 4 ring heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N, or independently selected from Br, I and -NH2, wherein each of the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, phenyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl, is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents or even 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from F, -OH, oxo (as applicable) , C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy and fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkoxy, or independently selected from Cl, Br, -NH2 and -CN.
[0084] Exemplary carbon atom substituents include, but are not limited to, halogen, –CN, –NO2, –N3, –SO2H, –SO3H, –OH, –ORaa, –ON (Rbb) 2, –N (Rbb) 2, –N (Rbb) 3+X–, –N (ORcc) Rbb, –SH, –SRaa, –SSRcc, –C (=O) Raa, –CO2H, –CHO, –C (ORcc) 2, –CO2Raa, –OC (=O) Raa, –OCO2Raa, –C (=O) N (Rbb) 2, –OC (=O) N (Rbb) 2, –NRbbC (=O) Raa, –NRbbCO2Raa, –NRbbC (=O) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=NRbb) Raa, –C (=NRbb) ORaa, –OC (=NRbb) Raa, –OC (=NRbb) ORaa, –C (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, –OC (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, –NRbbC (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=O) NRbbSO2Raa, –NRbbSO2Raa, –SO2N (Rbb) 2, –SO2Raa, –SO2ORaa, –OSO2Raa, –S (=O) Raa, –OS (=O) Raa, –Si (Raa) 3, –OSi (Raa) 3–C (=S) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=O) SRaa, –C (=S) SRaa, –SC (=S) SRaa, –SC (=O) SRaa, –OC (=O) SRaa, –SC (=O) ORaa, –SC (=O) Raa, –P (=O) (Raa) 2, -P (=O) (ORcc) 2, –OP (=O) (Raa) 2, –OP (=O) (ORcc) 2, –P (=O) (N (Rbb) 2) 2, –OP (=O) (N (Rbb) 2) 2, -NRbbP (=O) (Raa) 2, –NRbbP (=O) (ORcc) 2, –NRbbP (=O) (N (Rbb) 2) 2, –P (Rcc) 2, -P (ORcc) 2, –P (Rcc) 3+X-, -P (ORcc) 3+X-, -P (Rcc) 4, -P (ORcc) 4, –OP (Rcc) 2, –OP (Rcc) 3+X-, -OP (ORcc) 2, -OP (ORcc) 3+X-, -OP (Rcc) 4, -OP (ORcc) 4, –B (Raa) 2, –B (ORcc) 2, –BRaa (ORcc) , C1–10 alkyl, C1–10 haloalkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups; wherein X-is a counterion; or two geminal hydrogens on a carbon atom are replaced with the group =O, =S, =NN (Rbb) 2, =NNRbbC (=O) Raa, =NNRbbC (=O) ORaa, =NNRbbS (=O) 2Raa, =NRbb, or =NORcc; each instance of Raa is, independently, selected from C1–10 alkyl, C1–10 haloalkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl, or two Raa groups are joined to form a 3–14 membered heterocyclyl or 5–14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups; each instance of Rbb is, independently, selected from hydrogen, –OH, –ORaa, –N (Rcc) 2, –CN, –C (=O) Raa, –C (=O) N (Rcc) 2, –CO2Raa, –SO2Raa, –C (=NRcc) ORaa, –C (=NRcc) N (Rcc) 2, –SO2N (Rcc) 2, –SO2Rcc, –SO2ORcc, –SORaa, –C (=S) N (Rcc) 2, –C (=O) SRcc, –C (=S) SRcc, –P (=O) (Raa) 2, -P (=O) (ORcc) 2, –P (=O) (N (Rcc) 2) 2, C1–10 alkyl, C1–10 haloalkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl, or two Rbb groups are joined to form a 3–14 membered heterocyclyl or 5–14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups; wherein X-is a counterion; each instance of Rcc is, independently, selected from hydrogen, C1–10 alkyl, C1–10 haloalkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl, or two Rcc groups are joined to form a 3–14 membered heterocyclyl or 5–14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups; each instance of Rdd is, independently, selected from halogen, –CN, –NO2, –N3, –SO2H, – SO3H, –OH, –ORee, –ON (Rff) 2, –N (Rff) 2, –N (Rff) 3+X–, –N (ORee) Rff, –SH, –SRee, –SSRee, –C (=O) Ree, –CO2H, –CO2Ree, –OC (=O) Ree, –OCO2Ree, –C (=O) N (Rff) 2, –OC (=O) N (Rff) 2, –NRffC (=O) Ree, –NRffCO2Ree, –NRffC (=O) N (Rff) 2, –C (=NRff) ORee, –OC (=NRff) Ree, –OC (=NRff) ORee, –C (=NRff) N (Rff) 2, –OC (=NRff) N (Rff) 2, –NRffC (=NRff) N (Rff) 2, –NRffSO2Ree, –SO2N (Rff) 2, –SO2Ree, –SO2ORee, –OSO2Ree, –S (=O) Ree, –Si (Ree) 3, –OSi (Ree) 3, –C (=S) N (Rff) 2, –C (=O) SRee, –C (=S) SRee, –SC (=S) SRee, –P (=O) (ORee) 2, –P (=O) (Ree) 2, –OP (=O) (Ree) 2, –OP (=O) (ORee) 2, C1–6 alkyl, C1–6 haloalkyl, C2–6 alkenyl, C2–6 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–10 membered heterocyclyl, C6–10 aryl, 5–10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rgg groups, or two geminal Rdd substituents can be joined to form =O or =S; wherein X-is a counterion; each instance of Ree is, independently, selected from C1–6 alkyl, C1–6 haloalkyl, C2–6 alkenyl, C2–6 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, C6–10 aryl, 3–10 membered heterocyclyl, and 3–10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rgg groups; each instance of Rff is, independently, selected from hydrogen, C1–6 alkyl, C1–6 haloalkyl, C2–6 alkenyl, C2–6 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–10 membered heterocyclyl, C6–10 aryl and 5–10 membered heteroaryl, or two Rff groups are joined to form a 3–14 membered heterocyclyl or 5–14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rgg groups; and each instance of Rgg is, independently, halogen, –CN, –NO2, –N3, –SO2H, –SO3H, –OH, – OC1–6 alkyl, –ON (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –N (C1–6 alkyl) 3+X–, –NH (C1–6 alkyl) 2+X–, –NH2(C1–6 alkyl) +X–, –NH3+X–, –N (OC1–6 alkyl) (C1–6 alkyl) , –N (OH) (C1–6 alkyl) , –NH (OH) , –SH, –SC1–6 alkyl, –SS (C1–6 alkyl) , –C (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) , –CO2H, –CO2 (C1–6 alkyl) , –OC (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) , –OCO2 (C1–6 alkyl) , –C (=O) NH2, –C (=O) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –OC (=O) NH (C1–6 alkyl) , –NHC (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) , –N (C1–6 alkyl) C (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) , –NHCO2 (C1–6 alkyl) , –NHC (=O) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –NHC (=O) NH (C1–6 alkyl) , –NHC (=O) NH2, –C (=NH) O (C1–6 alkyl) , –OC (=NH) (C1–6 alkyl) , –OC (=NH) OC1–6 alkyl, –C (=NH) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –C (=NH) NH (C1–6 alkyl) , –C (=NH) NH2, –OC (=NH) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –OC (NH) NH (C1–6 alkyl) , –OC (NH) NH2, –NHC (NH) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –NHC (=NH) NH2, –NHSO2 (C1–6 alkyl) , –SO2N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –SO2NH (C1–6 alkyl) , –SO2NH2, –SO2C1–6 alkyl, –SO2OC1–6 alkyl, –OSO2C1–6 alkyl, –SOC1–6 alkyl, –Si (C1–6 alkyl) 3, –OSi (C1–6 alkyl) 3 –C (=S) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, C (=S) NH (C1–6 alkyl) , C (=S) NH2, –C (=O) S (C1–6 alkyl) , –C (=S) SC1–6 alkyl, –SC (=S) SC1–6 alkyl, –P (=O) (OC1–6 alkyl) 2, –P (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –OP (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –OP (=O) (OC1–6 alkyl) 2, C1–6 alkyl, C1–6 haloalkyl, C2–6 alkenyl, C2–6 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, C6–10 aryl, 3–10 membered heterocyclyl, 5–10 membered heteroaryl; or two geminal Rgg substituents can be joined to form =O or =S; wherein X–is a counterion.
[0085] A “counterion” or “anionic counterion” is a negatively charged group associated with a positively charged group in order to maintain electronic neutrality. An anionic counterion may be monovalent (i.e., including one formal negative charge) . An anionic counterion may also be multivalent (i.e., including more than one formal negative charge) , such as divalent or trivalent. Exemplary counterions include halide ions (e.g., F–, Cl–, Br–, I–) , NO3–, ClO4–, OH–, H2PO4–, HSO4–, sulfonate ions (e.g., methansulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, p–toluenesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, 10–camphor sulfonate, naphthalene–2–sulfonate, naphthalene–1–sulfonic acid–5–sulfonate, ethan–1–sulfonic acid–2–sulfonate, and the like) , carboxylate ions (e.g., acetate, propanoate, benzoate, glycerate, lactate, tartrate, glycolate, gluconate, and the like) , BF4–, PF4–, PF6–, AsF6–, SbF6–, B [3, 5- (CF3) 2C6H3] 4] –, BPh4–, Al(OC (CF3) 3) 4–, and a carborane anion (e.g., CB11H12–or (HCB11Me5Br6) –) . Exemplary counterions which may be multivalent include CO32-, HPO42-, PO43-, B4O72-, SO42-, S2O32-, carboxylate anions (e.g., tartrate, citrate, fumarate, maleate, malate, malonate, gluconate, succinate, glutarate, adipate, pimelate, suberate, azelate, sebacate, salicylate, phthalates, aspartate, glutamate, and the like) , and carboranes.
[0086] “Halo” or “halogen” refers to fluorine (fluoro, –F) , chlorine (chloro, –Cl) , bromine (bromo, –Br) , or iodine (iodo, –I) .
[0087] “Acyl” refers to a moiety selected from the group consisting of –C (=O) Raa, –CHO, –CO2Raa, –C (=O) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=NRbb) Raa, –C (=NRbb) ORaa, –C (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=O) NRbbSO2Raa, –C (=S) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=O) SRaa, or –C (=S) SRaa, wherein Raa and Rbb are as defined herein.
[0088] Nitrogen atoms can be substituted or unsubstituted as valency permits, and include primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary nitrogen atoms. Exemplary nitrogen atom substituents include, but are not limited to, hydrogen, –OH, –ORaa, –N (Rcc) 2, –CN, –C (=O) Raa, –C (=O) N (Rcc) 2, –CO2Raa, –SO2Raa, –C (=NRbb) Raa, –C (=NRcc) ORaa, –C (=NRcc) N (Rcc) 2, –SO2N (Rcc) 2, –SO2Rcc, –SO2ORcc, –SORaa, –C (=S) N (Rcc) 2, –C (=O) SRcc, –C (=S) SRcc, –P (=O) (ORcc) 2, –P (=O) (Raa) 2, –P (=O) (N (Rcc) 2) 2, C1–10 alkyl, C1–10 haloalkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl, or two Rcc groups attached to a nitrogen atom are joined to form a 3–14 membered heterocyclyl or 5–14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups, and wherein Raa, Rbb, Rcc, and Rdd are as defined above.
[0089] In certain embodiments, the substituent present on a nitrogen atom is a nitrogen protecting group (also referred to as an amino protecting group) . Nitrogen protecting groups include, but are not limited to, –OH, –ORaa, –N (Rcc) 2, –C (=O) Raa, –C (=O) N (Rcc) 2, –CO2Raa, –SO2Raa, –C (=NRcc) Raa, –C (=NRcc) ORaa, –C (=NRcc) N (Rcc) 2, –SO2N (Rcc) 2, –SO2Rcc, –SO2ORcc, –SORaa, –C (=S) N (Rcc) 2, –C (=O) SRcc, –C (=S) SRcc, C1–10 alkyl, ar-C1-10 alkyl, heteroar-C1-10 alkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl groups, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups, and wherein Raa, Rbb, Rcc and Rdd are as defined herein. Nitrogen protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3rd edition, John Wiley &Sons, 1999, incorporated by reference herein.
[0090] Exemplary oxygen atom substituents include, but are not limited to, –Raa, –C (=O) SRaa, –C (=O) Raa, –CO2Raa, –C (=O) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=NRbb) Raa, –C (=NRbb) ORaa, –C (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, –S (=O) Raa, –SO2Raa, –Si (Raa) 3, –P (Rcc) 2, –P (Rcc) 3+X-, -P (ORcc) 2, -P (ORcc) 3+X-, –P (=O) (Raa) 2, –P (=O) (ORcc) 2, and –P (=O) (N (Rbb) 2) 2, wherein X-, Raa, Rbb, and Rcc are as defined herein. In certain embodiments, the oxygen atom substituent present on an oxygen atom is an oxygen protecting group (also referred to as a hydroxyl protecting group) . Oxygen protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, 3rd edition, John Wiley &Sons, 1999, incorporated herein by reference. Exemplary oxygen protecting groups include, but are not limited to, alkyl ethers or substituted alkyl ethers such as methyl, allyl, benzyl, substituted benzyls such as 4-methoxybenzyl, methoxylmethyl (MOM) , benzyloxymethyl (BOM) , 2–methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM) , etc., silyl ethers such as trimethylsilyl (TMS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) , etc., acetals or ketals, such as tetrahydropyranyl (THP) , esters such as formate, acetate, chloroacetate, dichloroacetate, trichloroacetate, trifluoroacetate, methoxyacetate, etc., carbonates, sulfonates such as methanesulfonate (mesylate) , benzylsulfonate, and tosylate (Ts) , etc.
[0091] The term “leaving group” is given its ordinary meaning in the art of synthetic organic chemistry, for example, it can refer to an atom or a group capable of being displaced by a nucleophile. See, for example, Smith, March Advanced Organic Chemistry 6th ed. (501-502) . Examples of suitable leaving groups include, but are not limited to, halogen (such as F, Cl, Br, or I (iodine) ) , alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, alkanesulfonyloxy, arenesulfonyloxy, alkyl-carbonyloxy (e.g., acetoxy) , arylcarbonyloxy, aryloxy, methoxy, N, O-dimethylhydroxylamino, pixyl, and haloformates.
[0092] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art.
[0093] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable ester” refers to those esters which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio. For example, such esters can derive from the compounds of the present disclosure having an OH group and a carboxylic acid compound, wherein the carboxylic acid compound (e.g., a short or medium chained fatty acid, or an amino acid, such as a naturally occurring proteinogenic amino acid) , when generated in vivo in humans or lower animals from the administered esters, does not have undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, and has a reasonable benefit / risk ratio. Similarly, such esters can derive from the compounds of the present disclosure having a COOH group and an OH containing compound, typically, an alcohol (e.g., a C1-6 aliphatic alcohol or a fatty alcohol) , wherein the OH containing compound, when generated in vivo in humans or lower animals from the administered esters, does not have undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, and has a reasonable benefit / risk ratio.
[0094] The term “tautomers” or “tautomeric” refers to two or more interconvertible compounds resulting from at least one formal migration of a hydrogen atom and at least one change in valency (e.g., a single bond to a double bond, a triple bond to a single bond, or vice versa) . The exact ratio of the tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent, and pH. Tautomerizations (i.e., the reaction providing a tautomeric pair) may catalyzed by acid or base. Exemplary tautomerizations include keto-to-enol, amide-to-imide, lactam-to-lactim, enamine-to-imine, and enamine-to- (adifferent enamine) tautomerizations.
[0095] The term “subject” (alternatively referred to herein as “patient” ) as used herein, refers to an animal, preferably a mammal, most preferably a human, who has been the object of treatment, observation or experiment.
[0096] As used herein, the terms "treat" , "treating" , "treatment, " and the like refer to eliminating, reducing, or ameliorating a disease or condition, and / or symptoms associated therewith. Although not precluded, treating a disease or condition does not require that the disease, condition, or symptoms associated therewith be completely eliminated. As used herein, the terms "treat, " "treating, " "treatment, " and the like may include "prophylactic treatment, " which refers to reducing the probability of redeveloping a disease or condition, or of a recurrence of a previously-controlled disease or condition, in a subject who does not have, but is at risk of or is susceptible to, redeveloping a disease or condition or a recurrence of the disease or condition. The term "treat" and synonyms contemplate administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described herein to a subject in need of such treatment.
[0097] As used herein, the phrase “administration” of a compound, “administering” a compound, or other variants thereof means providing the compound or a prodrug of the compound to the individual in need of treatment.
[0098] As used herein, the singular form “a” , “an” , and “the” , includes plural references unless it is expressly stated or is unambiguously clear from the context that such is not intended.
[0099] As used herein, the term "one or more" refers to one or more than one. For example, in some embodiments, the term "one or more" refers to one or two. In some embodiments, the term "one or more" refers to one, two or three. In some embodiments, the term "one or more" refers to one, two, three, or four. In some embodiments, the term "one or more" refers to one, two, three, four, or five.
[0100] The term “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “Aand / or B” herein is intended to include both A and B; A or B; A (alone) ; and B (alone) . Likewise, the term “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A, B, and / or C” is intended to encompass each of the following embodiments: A, B, and C; A, B, or C; A or C; A or B; B or C; A and C; A and B; B and C; A (alone) ; B (alone) ; and C (alone) .
[0101] Headings and subheadings are used for convenience and / or formal compliance only, do not limit the subject technology, and are not referred to in connection with the interpretation of the description of the subject technology. Features described under one heading or one subheading of the subject disclosure may be combined, in various embodiments, with features described under other headings or subheadings. Further it is not necessarily the case that all features under a single heading or a single subheading are used together in embodiments. Examples
[0102] The various starting materials, intermediates, and compounds of the preferred embodiments can be isolated and purified where appropriate using conventional techniques such as precipitation, filtration, crystallization, evaporation, distillation, and chromatography. Characterization of these compounds can be performed using conventional methods such as by melting point, mass spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance, and various other spectroscopic analyses. Exemplary embodiments of steps for performing the synthesis of products described herein are described in greater detail infra.
[0103] The abbreviations used in the present disclosure are described as follows: Example 1 Synthesis of Compound 1
[0104] Step 1: To a solution of 1-1 (200 mg, 0.91 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL) were added DIPEA (0.45 mL, 2.73 mmol) , HATU (518.5 mg, 1.36 mmol) and methylamine hydrochloride (79.8 mg, 1.18 mmol) , and the mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and water. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 3 / 1) to afford 1-2.
[0105] Step 2: To a solution of 1-2 (145 mg, 0.62 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) were added 4, 4-difluoropiperidine hydrochloride (117.7 mg, 0.75 mmol) and DIPEA (0.36 mL, 2.18 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 90℃ for 3 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and water. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 3 / 2) to afford 1-3.
[0106] Step 3: To a solution of methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (944.4 g, 2643.8 mmol) in THF (7.0 L) was added potassium tert-butoxide (296.7 g, 2643.8 mmol) at -20℃ in portions, then the mixture was stirred for 1 hr at 0℃. A solution of 1-4 (300 g, 1762.5 mmol) in THF (500 mL) was added at 0℃ and the mixture was stirred at RT for 3 hrs. Water was added to the mixture with stirring for 10 mins. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether / heptane. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was precipitated in heptane and filtered with silica gel. The filtrate was concentrated to afford 1-5.
[0107] Step 4: To a solution of diethylzinc (1682 mL, 2.0 M, 3364.2 mmol) in DCM (4.0 L) was added dropwise trifluoroacetic acid (383.6 g, 3364.2 mmol) at 0℃, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hr at 0℃. Then a solution of diiodomethane (901.1 g, 3364.2 mmol) in DCM (600 mL) was added to the mixture at 0℃. The reaction mixture was stirred for 40 mins. Then a solution of 1-5 (283 g, 1682.1 mmol) in DCM (400 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred for 2 hrs at 0℃. The mixture was quenched with NH4Cl solution and separated. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford 1-6.
[0108] Step 5: To a solution of 1-6 (280 g, 1536.3 mmol) in methanol (1.4 L) and water (700 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (193.4 g, 4608.8 mmol) , and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hr at 60℃. Then the mixture was concentrated and the residue was washed with tert-butyl methyl ether. The aqueous layer was adjusted to pH~5 with 2M hydrochloride aqueous and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford 1-7.
[0109] Step 6: To a solution of 1-7 (190 g, 1232.1 mmol) in DCM (1.5 L) and DMF (0.5 mL) was added dropwise oxalyl chloride (187.7 g, 1478.5 mmol) at 0℃, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hr at RT. Then the reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was dissolved in THF (100 mL) and ammonium hydroxide (920 mL, 25%) was added dropwise at 0℃. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried to afford 1-8.
[0110] Step 7: To the mixture of 1-8 (167 g, 1089.9 mmol) and TEA (441.2 g, 4359.7) in THF (1.2 L) was added dropwise a solution of trifluoroacetic anhydride (343.4 g, 1634.9 mmol) in THF (300 mL) at 0℃, and the mixture was stirred for 0.5 hr. The reaction mixture was added into 0.5 N hydrochloric acid aqueous (1000 mL) and extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether. The combined organic layer was washed with 0.5 N hydrochloric acid, aqueous Na2CO3 solution and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by distillation under reduced pressure to afford 1-9.
[0111] Step 8: To a mixture of 4-chloro-2-fluorobenzoic acid (50 g, 286.4 mmol) and 1-9 (65.84 g, 486.9 mmol) in THF (500 mL) was added dropwise LiHMDS (974 mL, 1.0 M in THF, 974 mmol) at -40℃ and the mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 16 hrs. The mixture was quenched with water, adjusted to pH~5 with 2 N hydrochloric acid and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was slurried with acetonitrile and filtered to afford 1-10.
[0112] Step 9: To a solution of 1-10 (60 g, 207.1 mmol) in methanol (600 mL) was added ammonium hydroxide (211.2 g, 25%, 3106.0 mmol) and Raney-Ni (120 g) , and the mixture was stirred at 30℃ for 24 hrs under hydrogen atmosphere. Then the mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was slurried with acetonitrile and filtered to afford 1-11.
[0113] Step 10: To a solution of 1-11 (105 mg, 0.38 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) were added 1-3 (165.4 mg, 0.50 mmol) , Cs2CO3 (310.1 mg, 0.95 mmol) and XantPhos Pd G2 (33.8 mg, 0.038 mmol) , and the reaction mixture was stirred at 90℃ for 3 hrs under N2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with EtOAc and water. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 3 / 2) to afford 1-12.
[0114] Step 11: To a solution of 1-12 (160 mg, 0.30 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL) were added 2-hydroxyethane-1-sulfonamide (75.69 mg, 0.61 mmol) , cuprous oxide (35.1 mg, 0.24 mmol) , potassium 2-methylpropan-2-olate (101.8 mg, 0.91 mmol) and 4-hydroxy-N- (2-methyl-1-naphthyl) pyridine-2-carboxamide (67.2 mg, 0.24 mmol) , and the reaction mixture was stirred at 130℃ for 24 hrs under N2 atmosphere. The residue was diluted with EtOAc and water. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH =1 / 0 to 5 / 1) to afford 1-13.
[0115] Step 12: To a solution of 1-13 (100 mg, 0.16 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) were added (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -L-valine (35.17 mg, 0.16 mmol) , DCC (33.4 mg, 0.16 mmol) and DMAP (2.0 mg, 0.016 mmol) , and the mixture was stirred at RT for 3 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and water. The mixture was extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH =1 / 0 to 9 / 1) and reverse-HPLC (H2O / MeCN=1 / 0 to 2 / 1) to afford 1-14.
[0116] Step 13: To a solution of 1-14 (100 mg, 0.12 mmol) in DCM (0.6 mL) was added TFA (0.3 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at RT for 3 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated and diluted with DCM, basified with a saturated NaHCO3 solution to pH~8. The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse-HPLC (H2O / MeCN= 1 / 0 to 2 / 1) to afford 1. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 717.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.30 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.83 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.79 (s, 2H) , 7.09 (s, 1H) , 7.02 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 4.41-4.26 (m, 4H) , 3.37-3.35 (m, 4H) , 3.29-3.20 (m, 2H) , 3.00 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H) , 2.79 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 3H) , 2.18-2.04 (m, 4H) , 2.03-1.88 (m, 2H) , 1.86-1.71 (m, 3H) , 1.69-1.58 (m, 2H) , 1.21-1.15 (m, 2H) , 0.86-0.71 (m, 8H) , 0.28 (s, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -95.01 (2F) . Example 2 Synthesis of Compound 2
[0117] Step 1: A mixture of 2-1 (500 mg, 2.38 mmol) , 1-methyl-4- (tributyl-λ4-stannanyl) imidazole (1.06 g, 2.85 mmol) and Pd (PPh3) 4 (274.6 mg, 0.24 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was stirred at 100℃ for 16 hrs under N2 atmosphere. The reaction was quenched with a saturated KF solution and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 0 / 1) to afford 2-2.
[0118] Step 2: To a solution of 2-2 (150 mg, 0.71 mmol) and 4, 4-difluoropiperidine hydrochloride (167.55 mg, 1.06 mmol) in DMSO (0.5 mL) was added DIPEA (458.1 mg, 3.54 mmol) at RT. The mixture was stirred at 120℃ for 16 hrs. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, and washed with a saturated NH4Cl solution. The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 0 / 1) to afford 2-3.
[0119] Step 3: A mixture of 1-11 (3 g, 10.89 mmol) , 2, 4, 6-trimethyl-1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6-trioxatriborinane (3.04 mL, 21.76 mmol) , RuPhos Pd G3 (303.5 mg, 0.36 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (10.6 g, 32.64 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) was stirred at 90℃ for 30 mins under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH =1 / 0 to 20 / 1) to afford 2-4.
[0120] Step 4: A mixture of 2-4 (2.3 g, 9.01 mmol) , Boc2O (3.1 mL, 13.51 mmol) , TEA (1.88 mL, 13.51 mmol) and DMAP (0.2 g, 1.80 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) was stirred at 20℃ for 16 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 3 / 2) to afford 2-5.
[0121] Step 5: A mixture of 2-5 (1.0 g, 2.81 mmol) , NBS (500.7 mg, 2.81 mmol) and BPO (68.1 mg, 0.28 mmol) in CCl4 (10 mL) was stirred at 90℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 20 / 1) to afford 2-6.
[0122] Step 6: To a mixture of 2-6 (450 mg, 1.04 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (1012.6 mg, 3.108 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) were added NaI (15.5 mg, 0.10 mmol) and 2-sulfanylethan-1-ol (0.11 mL, 1.55 mmol) at RT. The mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The mixture was diluted with DCM, and washed with a saturated NH4Cl solution. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 0 / 1) to afford 2-7.
[0123] Step 7: To a mixture of 2-7 (290 mg, 0.67 mmol) in DCM (10.0 mL) was added TFA (2 mL) at RT. The mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The mixture was diluted with DCM, and washed with a saturated NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford 2-8 which was used for the next step directly.
[0124] Step 8: A mixture of 2-3 (127.38 mg, 0.41 mmol) , 2-8 (90 mg, crude) , Cs2CO3 (265.4 mg, 0.82 mmol) and XantPhos Pd G2 (24.1 mg, 0.027 mmol) in dioxane (8 mL) was stirred at 100℃ for 16 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH =1 / 0 to 10 / 1) to afford 2-9.
[0125] Step 9: To an ice-cold solution of 2-9 (70 mg, 0.12 mmol) in MeCN (9.0 mL) and H2O (3 mL) was added oxone (283.2 mg, 0.46 mmol) at 0℃. The mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 10 mins. Then the mixture was warmed to RT and stirred for another 30 mins. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and saturated Na2SO3 solution, and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC to afford 2. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 640.4. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.27 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 8.05 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.94 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.73 (s, 1H) , 7.68 (s, 1H) , 7.62 (s, 1H) , 7.47 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.27 (t, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.63 (s, 2H) , 4.45 (s, 2H) , 3.86-3.84 (m, 2H) , 3.73 (s, 3H) , 3.29-3.20 (m, 6H) , 2.22-2.13 (m, 4H) , 2.10-2.04 (m, 2H) , 1.95-1.84 (m, 2H) , 1.71 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 2H) , 0.86 (d, J = 13.4 Hz, 2H) , 0.31 (s, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -98.38 (2F) . Example 3 Synthesis of Compound 4
[0126] Step 1: To a solution of 4-1 (20 g, 172.24 mmol) in DCM (200 mL) were added 3, 4-dihydro-2H-pyran (15.2 g, 180.85 mmol) and pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (4.3 g, 17.22 mmol) , and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford 4-2 which was used for the next step directly.
[0127] Step 2: To a solution of 4-2 (42 g, crude) in THF (200 mL) were added LiAlH4 (419.52 mL, 419.52 mmol) at 0℃, and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The reaction was carefully quenched with H2O, NaOH (4 N) and H2O. Then the mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to afford 4-3 which was used for the next step directly.
[0128] Step 3: To a solution of 4-3 (35.8 g, crude) in THF (350 mL) were added 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (38.24 g, 228.66 mmol) , PPh3 (65.4 g, 249.45 mmol) and DIAD (52.5 g, 259.84 mmol) , and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hrs. The mixture was filtered, washed with further DCM and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 2 / 1) to afford 4-4.
[0129] Step 4: To a solution of 4-4 (52.5 g, 163.32 mmol) in DCM (300 mL) was added m-CPBA (82.9 g, 408.31 mmol) at 0℃, and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The reaction was quenched with a saturated Na2SO3 solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 1 / 1) to afford 4-5.
[0130] Step 5: To a solution of 4-5 (27 g, 100.25 mmol) in DCM (200 mL) were added 3, 4-dihydro-2H-pyran (10.1 g, 120.30 mmol) and pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (2.5 g, 10.03 mmol) , and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 1 / 1) to afford 4-6.
[0131] Step 6: To a solution of 4-6 (2 g, 5.66 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added K2CO3 (1.2 g, 8.49 mmol) , and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. Then K2CO3 (2.3 g, 16.98 mmol) and hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (1.0 g, 8.49 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT overnight. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 1 / 1) to afford 4-7.
[0132] Step 7: Compound 4-8 was prepared from compound 1-1 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 1-3 in Example 1.
[0133] Step 8: Compound 4-9 was prepared from compound 4-8 and 4-7 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 1-13 in Example 1.
[0134] Step 9: To a solution of 4-9 (60 mg, 0.081 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was added pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (40.7 mg, 0.16 mmol) , and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by reverse HPLC (MeCN / H2O=4 / 1) to afford 4. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 658.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 10.14 (s, 1H) , 8.40 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.96 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.81-7.75 (m, 2H) , 7.36 (s, 1H) , 7.22 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 5.49 (s, 1H) , 4.39 (s, 2H) , 3.50-3.39 (m, 6H) , 3.29-3.20 (m, 2H) , 2.16-2.06 (m, 4H) , 2.00-1.94 (m, 2H) , 1.79-1.77 (m, 2H) , 1.67 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 2H) , 1.12 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) , 0.86 (d, J = 12.6 Hz, 2H) , 0.74-0.61 (m, 4H) , 0.30 (s, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -94.99 (2F) . Example 4 Synthesis of Compound 5
[0135] Step 1: A mixture of 5-1 (1.0 g, 7.03 mmol) , 3, 3-difluorocyclobutanamine hydrochloride (1.11 g, 7.74 mmol) and DIPEA (3.49 mL, 21.10 mmol) was stirred at 130℃ for 16 hrs. The mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH =1 / 0 to 10 / 1) to afford 5-2.
[0136] Step 2: To a mixture of 5-2 (1.1 g, 5.47 mmol) in MeCN (10 mL) was added POBr3 (3.1 g, 10.94 mmol) at 0℃. The mixture was heated at 80℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated under vacuo. The residue was basified with a saturated NaHCO3 solution to pH~8. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 4 / 1) to afford 5-3.
[0137] Step 3: To a mixture of 1-11 (100.0 mg, 0.36 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) were added 5-3 (105.3 mg, 0.40 mmol) , CuI (69.1 mg, 0.36 mmol) , K3PO4 (230.9 mg, 1.09 mmol) , and methyl [ (1R, 2R) -2- (methylamino) cyclohexyl] amine (25.8 mg, 0.18 mmol) , and the reaction mixture was stirred at 90℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH =1 / 0 to 10 / 1) to afford 5-4.
[0138] Step 4: Compound 5-5 was prepared from compound 5-4 and 4-7 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 1-13 in Example 1.
[0139] Step 5: Compound 5 was prepared from compound 5-5 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 4 in Example 3. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 574.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.23 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.95 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.73 (s, 1H) , 7.61 (s, 1H) , 7.34 (s, 1H) , 7.20 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 4.53-4.35 (m, 2H) , 4.28-4.17 (m, 1H) , 3.40 (s, 2H) , 3.05-2.95 (m, 2H) , 2.77-2.60 (m, 2H) , 2.05-1.95 (m, 2H) , 1.79 (t, J = 12.1 Hz, 2H) , 1.63 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 2H) , 0.86 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 2H) , 0.71-0.59 (m, 4H) , 0.30 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -81.55 (1F) , -96.45 (1F) . Example 5 Synthesis of Compound 7
[0140] Step 1: To a solution of 7-1 (3 g, 14.26 mmol) in DMSO (50 mL) were added 4, 4-difluoropiperidine hydrochloride (3.37 g, 21.39 mmol) and DIPEA (9.46 mL, 57.03 mmol) , and the mixture was stirred at 120℃ for 3 hrs. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 10 / 1) to afford 7-2.
[0141] Step 2: A mixture of 7-2 (500 mg, 1.61 mmol) , 1-methyl-4- (4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) pyrazole (400.71 mg, 1.93 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2xCH2Cl2 (117.4 mg, 0.14 mmol) and K2CO3 (665.4 mg, 4.82 mmol) in dioxane (8 mL) and H2O (0.8 mL) was heated at 90℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 2 / 1) to afford 7-3. Step 3: Compound 7 was prepared from compound 7-3 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 4 in Example 3. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 667.6. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 10.13 (s, 1H) , 8.20 (s, 1H) , 8.01-7.77 (m, 4H) , 7.36 (s, 1H) , 7.27-7.17 (m, 1H) , 5.50 (s, 1H) , 4.39 (s, 2H) , 3.90 (s, 3H) , 3.42 (s, 2H) , 3.27-3.15 (m, 4H) , 2.20-1.97 (m, 6H) , 1.88-1.64 (m, 4H) , 0.93-0.78 (m, 2H) , 0.75-0.57 (m, 4H) , 0.36-0.22 (m, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -95.39 (2F) . Example 6 Synthesis of Compound 8
[0142] Step 1: A mixture of 8-1 (2.0 g, 11.41 mmol) , 3-bromo-1-methyl-1, 2, 4-triazole (2.03 g, 12.55 mmol) , K2CO3 (4.73 g, 34.22 mmol) and Pd (dppf) Cl2xCH2Cl2 (931.4 mg, 1.14 mmol) in dioxane (40 mL) was heated at 80℃ for 1 hr. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH =1 / 0 to 20 / 1) to afford 8-2.
[0143] Step 2: To a mixture of 8-2 (1.0 g, 4.70 mmol) and 4, 4-difluoropiperidine hydrochloride (1.11 g, 7.06 mmol) in DMSO (15 mL) was added DIPEA (3.11 mL, 18.81 mmol) at RT. The resulting mixture was stirred at 120℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, then washed with brine. The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 1 / 1) to afford 8-3.
[0144] Step 3: Compound 8 was prepared from compound 8-3 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 4 in Example 3. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 668.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 10.13 (s, 1H) , 8.56 (s, 1H) , 8.13 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.97 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.88 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.37 (s, 1H) , 7.23 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.52 (s, 1H) , 4.43 (s, 2H) , 3.94 (s, 3H) , 3.43 (s, 2H) , 3.35-3.25 (m, 4H) , 2.16-1.96 (m, 6H) , 1.80-1.78 (m, 2H) , 1.71-1.68 (m, 2H) , 0.87 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 2H) , 0.68-0.66 (m, 4H) , 0.30 (s, 4H) . Example 7 Synthesis of Compound 12
[0145] Step 1: A solution of PPh3 (32.1 g, 122.39 mmol) and 1H-imidazole (16.7 g, 244.79 mmol) in DCM (150 mL) was treated with iodine (31.1 g, 122.39 mmol) at 0℃. After iodine was completely dissolved, a solution of 12-1 (5 g, 48.96 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 1 hr and at 25 ℃ overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was washed with Na2SO3, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo at 25℃. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 100 / 1) to afford 12-2.
[0146] Step 2: To a solution of 12-2 (8.7 g, 27.03 mmol) and TMSCN (7.10 mL, 56.75 mmol) in THF (150 mL) was added TBAF (56.75 mL, 56.75 mmol) at 0℃. The mixture was stirred at RT overnight. H2O was added to the mixture and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 5 / 1) to afford 12-3.
[0147] Step 3: To a solution of 12-3 (2.0 g, 16.64 mmol) in H2O (20 mL) was added KOH (4.67 g, 83.22 mmol) at RT. Then the mixture was stirred at 100℃ for 12 hrs. The mixture was cooled to RT and acidified with concentrated HCl until pH~2. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to afford 12-4 which was used for the next step directly.
[0148] Step 4: To a solution of 12-4 (2.47 g, crude) in EtOH (20 mL) was added concentrated H2SO4 (2 mL) at RT. Then the mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 3 hrs. The mixture was cooled to RT and H2O was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuo to afford 12-5 which was used for the next step directly.
[0149] Step 5: To a solution of 12-5 (3.3 g, crude) in THF (30 mL) was added LiAlH4 (12.32 mL, 30.80 mmol) at 0℃ slowly. Then the mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 1 hr. The reaction was quenched with Na2SO4·10H2O and the mixture was stirred at RT for 15 mins. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuo to afford 12-6 which was used for the next step directly.
[0150] Step 6: To a mixture of imidazole (9.2 g, 135.19 mmol) and PPh3 (17.7 g, 67.59 mmol) in DCM (300 mL) was added iodine (17.2 g, 67.59 mmol) at 0℃. After the mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 15 mins, a solution of 12-6 (2.2 g, crude) in DCM (10 mL) was added into the mixture. Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. H2O was added to the mixture and the mixture was extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (100%of PE) to afford 12-7.
[0151] Step 7: To a solution of 12-8 (5.0 g, 21.46 mmol) in DMF (60 mL) were added K2CO3 (5.9 g, 42.91 mmol) and CH3I (2.67 mL, 42.91mmol) at RT. Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 5 / 1) to afford 12-9.
[0152] Step 8: To a solution of 12-9 (4.60 g, 18.62 mmol) in CCl4 (60 mL) was added dibenzoyl peroxide (0.9 g, 3.72 mmol) , and the reaction mixture was stirred at 70℃ for 15 mins under N2. Then NBS (4.0 g, 22.34 mmol) was added to the mixture and the mixture was stirred at 85℃ for 16 hrs under N2. The reaction was quenched with water and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 2 / 1) to afford 12-10.
[0153] Step 9: To a mixture of 12-10 (34.18 g, 104.86 mmol) and TBAF (115.35 mL, 115.35 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added TMSCN (14.43 mL, 115.35 mmol) at 0℃. Then the mixture was stirred at 20℃ for 16 hrs. The mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with H2O and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 2 / 1) to afford 12-11.
[0154] Step 10: A mixture of 12-11 (5.52 g, 16.23 mmol) , 12-7 (5.68 g, 16.23 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (18.5 g, 56.81 mmol) in MeCN (25 mL) was stirred at 85℃ for 1.5 hrs. The mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 3 / 1) to afford 12-12.
[0155] Step 11: To a solution of 12-12 (1.5 g, 4.1 mmol) in dioxane (16 mL) were added tert-butyl carbamate (959.64 mg, 8.19 mmol) , Cs2CO3 (3336.2 mg, 10.24 mmol) , and XantPhos Pd G2 (364.0 mg, 0.41 mmol) , and the mixture was stirred at 90℃ for 5 hrs under N2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with EtOAc and water. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 3 / 1) to afford 12-13.
[0156] Step 12: To a solution of 12-13 (2.5 g, 6.21 mmol) in MeOH (50 mL) were added ammonium hydroxide (4.79 mL, 124.24 mmol) and Raney Ni (6786.6 mg, 31.06 mmol) under N2 atmosphere. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at 50℃ for 18 hrs under H2 atmosphere. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with MeOH (25 ml) . The combined filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 0 / 1) to afford 12-14.
[0157] Step 13: Compound 12-15 was prepared from compound 12-14 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 1-12 in Example 1, using compound 8-3 as a coupling partner.
[0158] Step 14: To a solution of 12-15 (320 mg, 0.49 mmol) in DCM (9.0 mL) was added TFA (3 mL) at RT. The mixture was stirred at RT for 4 hrs. The mixture was diluted with DCM (20 mL) and washed with a saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution for 3 times. The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH =1 / 0 to 10 / 1) to afford 12-16.
[0159] Step 15: To a solution of 12-16 (200 mg, 0.36 mmol) and tert-butyl nitrite (64.69 μL, 0.54 mmol) in MeCN (5 mL) was added CuI (103.6 mg, 0.54 mmol) at RT. The mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH =1 / 0 to 20 / 1) to afford 12-17.
[0160] Step 16: A mixture of 12-17 (80 mg, 0.12 mmol) , 2-hydroxyethane-1-sulfonamide (30.22 mg, 0.24 mmol) , CuI (23.0 mg, 0.12 mmol) , K3PO4 (76.9 mg, 0.36 mmol) and methyl [ (1R, 2R) -2- (methylamino) cyclohexyl] amine (8.6 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was stirred at 100℃ for 6 hrs under N2. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH =1 / 0 to 6 / 1) and reverse HPLC to afford 12. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 660.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 10.04 (s, 1H) , 8.56 (s, 1H) , 8.14 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.87 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.77 (d, J = 11.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.60 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 5.02 (s, 1H) , 4.46 (s, 2H) , 3.94 (s, 3H) , 3.80 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H) , 3.41-3.34 (m, 6H) , 2.15-1.98 (m, 6H) , 1.90-1.77 (m, 2H) , 1.75-1.65 (m, 2H) , 0.87 (d, J = 13.3 Hz, 2H) , 0.30 (s, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -94.80 (2F) , -126.58 (1F) . Example 8 Synthesis of Compound 16
[0161] Step 1: Compound 16-1 was prepared from compound 2-3 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 1-12 in Example 1.
[0162] Step 2: A solution of 16-1 (500.0 mg, 0.91 mmol) , tert-butyl carbamate (530.5 mg, 4.53 mmol) , Cs2CO3 (885.3 mg, 2.72 mmol) and RuPhos Pd G3 (75.8 mg, 0.09 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) was stirred at 90℃ for 1 hr. The solvent was removed, and the residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH =1 / 0 to 10 / 1) to afford 16-2.
[0163] Step 3: Compound 16-3 was prepared from compound 16-2 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 12-17 in Example 7.
[0164] Step 4: A solution of 16-3 (100.0 mg, 0.16 mmol) , 2-sulfanylethan-1-ol (24.3 mg, 0.31 mmol) , CuI (3.0 mg, 0.016 mmol) , and KOH (34.9 mg, 0.62 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL) was stirred at 90℃ for 2 hrs. The reaction was quenched with water, and the mixture was extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 1 / 4) to afford 16-4.
[0165] Step 5: To an ice-cold solution of 16-4 (80 mg, 0.14 mmol) in MeCN (9 mL) and H2O (1 mL) was added oxone (331.3 mg, 0.54 mmol) at 0℃. The mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 10 mins, then warmed to RT and stirred for another 30 mins. The mixture was diluted with water and saturated Na2SO3 solution, then extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC to afford 16. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 626.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.31-8.23 (m, 2H) , 8.03 (s, 1H) , 7.97-7.92 (m, 2H) , 7.75 (s, 1H) , 7.69 (s, 1H) , 4.98-4.92 (m, 1H) , 4.49 (s, 2H) , 3.76-3.71 (m, 5H) , 3.62-3.56 (m, 2H) , 3.26-3.25 (m, 4H) , 2.23-2.06 (m, 6H) , 2.00-1.93 (m, 2H) , 1.78-1.70 (m, 2H) , 0.89-0.84 (m, 2H) , 0.32 (s, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -95.32 (2F) . Example 9 Synthesis of Compound 17
[0166] Step 1: Compound 17-1 was prepared from compound 1-11 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 16-3 in Example 8.
[0167] Step 2: A mixture of 17-1 (500 mg, 1.36 mmol) , sodium methanesulfinate (1.39 g, 13.62 mmol) , CuI (259.3 mg, 1.36 mmol) , K3PO4 (867.0 mg, 4.09 mmol) and methyl [ (1R, 2R) -2- (methylamino) cyclohexyl] amine (96.8 mg, 0.68 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was stirred at 80℃for 2 hrs. The mixture was filtered and the filtrated was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by reverse HPLC (MeCN in water, 0-100%) to afford 17-2.
[0168] Step 3: A mixture of 8-3 (50 mg, 0.16 mmol) , 17-2 (50.91 mg, 0.16 mmol) , XantPhos Pd G2 (14.2 mg, 0.016 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (129.8 mg, 0.40 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) was stirred at 90℃ for 2.5 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH =1 / 0 to 10 / 1) and reverse HPLC (MeCN in water, 5%-65%) to afford 17. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 597.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.57 (s, 1H) , 8.28 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H) , 8.17 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 8.07 (s, 1H) , 8.02-7.97 (m, 1H) , 7.90 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.52 (s, 2H) , 3.94 (s, 3H) , 3.40-3.33 (m, 7H) , 2.17-2.04 (m, 6H) , 2.03-1.93 (m, 2H) , 1.80-1.69 (m, 2H) , 0.93-0.82 (m, 2H) , 0.33 (s, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -94.82 (2F) . Example 10 Synthesis of Compound 20
[0169] Step 1: To a mixture of 20-1 (2 g, 7.22 mmol) in MeCN (20 mL) was added Selectfluor (3.8 g, 10.83 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 50℃ for 16 hrs. The mixture was cooled to RT, then poured into NaHCO3 solution, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 4 / 1) to afford 20-2.
[0170] Step 2: To a mixture of 20-2 (580 mg, 1.97 mmol) in MeCN (10 mL) were added DIPEA (0.98 mL, 5.90 mmol) and 4, 4-difluoropiperidine hydrochloride (309.93 mg, 1.97 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 3 hrs. The mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 3 / 7) to afford 20-3.
[0171] Step 3: Compound 20 was prepared from compound 20-3 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 17 in Example 9. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 574.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.47 (s, 1H) , 8.25 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H) , 8.06 (s, 1H) , 8.02-7.97 (m, 1H) , 7.48 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.44-4.41 (m, 4H) , 4.36 (s, 2H) , 3.29 (s, 3H) , 2.17-2.06 (m, 6H) , 2.03-1.93 (m, 2H) , 1.84-1.72 (m, 2H) , 0.94-0.79 (m, 2H) , 0.33 (s, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -94.58 (2F) , -153.49 (1F) . Example 11 Synthesis of Compound 22
[0172] Step 1: Compound 22-1 was prepared from compound 7-3 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 16-3 in Example 8.
[0173] Step 2: Compound 22 was prepared from compound 22-1 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 17-2 in Example 9. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 610.3. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.28 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H) , 8.23 (s, 1H) , 8.01 (s, 1H) , 7.97-7.93 (m, 2H) , 7.92-7.84 (m, 2H) , 4.48 (s, 2H) , 3.91 (s, 3H) , 3.47-3.41 (m, 2H) , 3.27-3.18 (m, 4H) , 2.21-2.03 (m, 6H) , 2.01-1.90 (m, 2H) , 1.79-1.69 (m, 2H) , 1.15 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H) , 0.91-0.81 (m, 2H) , 0.32 (s, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -95.41 (2F) . Example 12 Synthesis of Compound 25
[0174] Step 1: To a solution of 25-1 (1 g, 5.24 mmol) in NMP (20 mL) were added 4, 4-difluorohexahydropyridine (0.95 g, 7.85 mmol) and DIPEA (2.6 mL, 15.71 mmol) at RT. Then the mixture was stirred at 130℃ for 12 hrs. The reaction was quenched with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 1 / 1) to afford 25-2.
[0175] Step 2: To a mixture of 25-2 (200 mg, 0.73 mmol) and TEA (0.15 mL, 1.09 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid anhydride (228.6 mg, 1.09 mmol) slowly at 0℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 15 mins. The reaction was quenched with H2O and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 1 / 1) to afford 25-3.
[0176] Step 3: Compound 25 was prepared from compound 25-3 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 17 in Example 9. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 541.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.28 (s, 1H) , 8.14-8.00 (m, 3H) , 7.87 (s, 1H) , 4.49 (s, 2H) , 3.92-3.81 (m, 4H) , 3.35 (s, 3H) , 2.26-1.90 (m, 8H) , 1.78-1.68 (m, 2H) , 0.91-0.81 (m, 2H) , 0.33 (s, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -94.72 (2F) . Example 13 Synthesis of Compound 26
[0177] Step 1: To a solution of 26-1 (1.0 g, 3.91 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added dropwise 2-methylpropan-2-amine (1.32 mL, 12.52 mmol) at 0℃, and the mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with water and brine. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford 26-2.
[0178] Step 2: Compound 26 was prepared from compound 26-2 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 17 in Example 9. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 531.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.24 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 8.08 (s, 1H) , 8.03-7.92 (m, 2H) , 7.76-7.62 (m, 4H) , 4.09 (s, 2H) , 3.36 (s, 3H) , 2.10-1.95 (m, 2H) , 1.86-1.84 (m, 4H) , 1.11 (s, 9H) , 0.84 (d, J = 12.1 Hz, 2H) , 0.29 (s, 4H) . Example 14 Synthesis of Compound 27
[0179] Step 1: To a mixture of 27-1 (2.0 g, 10.36 mmol) in propan-2-ol (30 mL) were added 4, 4-difluoropiperidine hydrochloride (1.6 g, 10.36 mmol) and Na2CO3 (3.3 g, 31.09 mmol) at 0℃. Then the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12 hrs. The mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 3 / 7) to afford 27-2.
[0180] Step 2: To a solution of 27-2 (2.29 g, 8.25 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added dropwise bromo (vinyl) magnesium (28.87 mL, 28.87 mmol) at -65℃. The mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The reaction was quenched with a saturated NH4Cl solution and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 1 / 1) to afford 27-3.
[0181] Step3: To a mixture of 27-3 (1.08 g, 3.98 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) were added DMAP (48.6 mg, 0.40 mmol) and Boc2O (4.57 mL, 19.88 mmol) . The mixture was stirred for 3 hrs at 40℃. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 10 / 1) to afford 27-4.
[0182] Step 4: A mixture of 27-4 (40.0 mg, 0.11 mmol) , 17-2 (34.4 mg, 0.11 mmol) , Cs2CO3 (105.2 mg, 0.32 mmol) and XantPhos Pd G2 (2.4 mg, 0.003 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) was stirred at 90℃ for 4 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 1 / 0 to 3 / 2) to afford 27-5.
[0183] Step 5: To a solution of 27-5 (50 mg, 0.076 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (2 mL) at RT. The mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 8 hrs. A NaHCO3 solution was added to the mixture to change the pH of the mixture to ~8. Then the mixture was extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH=1 / 0 to 10 / 1) to afford 27. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 555.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 11.26 (s, 1H) , 8.00 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.80 (s, 1H) , 7.76-7.69 (m, 1H) , 7.42 (s, 1H) , 7.32-7.26 (m, 1H) , 6.28 (s, 1H) , 4.06 (s, 2H) , 3.39-3.27 (m, 4H) , 3.10 (s, 3H) , 1.98-1.88 (m, 4H) , 1.87-1.78 (m, 2H) , 1.76-1.66 (m, 2H) , 1.61-1.50 (m, 2H) , 0.66-0.55 (m, 2H) , 0.07 (s, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -94.65 (2F) . Example 15 Synthesis of Compound 29
[0184] Step 1: To a mixture of 29-1 (1.0 g, 4.46 mmol) in HBr (10 mL) was added sodium nitrite (923.7 mg, 13.39 mmol) at -5℃, and the mixture was stirred at 8℃ for 16 hrs. Then the mixture was diluted with H2O and EtOAc, the pH of the mixture was adjusted to ~8 by adding NaHCO3 solution, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 1 / 0 to 1 / 1) to afford 29-2.
[0185] Step 2: A mixture of 29-2 (250 mg, 0.87 mmol) , 4, 4-difluoropiperidine hydrochloride (205.24 mg, 1.30 mmol) and DIPEA (0.14 mL, 0.87 mmol) in DMSO (6 mL) was stirred at 100℃ for 3 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 1 / 0 to 10 / 1) to afford 29-3.
[0186] Step 3: Compound 29 was prepared from compound 29-3 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 1-13 in Example 1. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 612.3. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 10.21 (s, 1H) , 8.85-8.72 (m, 1H) , 8.34-8.22 (m, 1H) , 8.06-7.93 (m, 2H) , 7.70-7.59 (m, 1H) , 7.36 (s, 1H) , 7.30-7.21 (m, 1H) , 4.98 (s, 1H) , 4.41 (s, 2H) , 4.31-4.15 (m, 4H) , 3.79-3.76 (m, 2H) , 3.38-3.34 (m, 2H) , 2.26-1.93 (m, 6H) , 1.90-1.65 (m, 4H) , 0.96-0.79 (m, 2H) , 0.31 (s, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -94.25 (2F) . Example 16 Synthesis of Compound 33
[0187] Step 1: To a solution of 33-1 (3.0 g, 20.75 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added 2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetic anhydride (4.8 g, 22.83 mmol) at 0℃, and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH=1 / 0 to 20 / 1) to afford 33-2.
[0188] Step 2: To a solution of 33-2 (1.0 g, 4.16 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added NBS (961.8 mg, 5.40 mmol) at -40℃, and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. Water was added to the mixture and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH=1 / 0 to 10 / 1) to afford 33-3.
[0189] Step 3: To a solution of 33-3 (750 mg, 2.35 mmol) in EtOH (8 mL) was added HCl (0.8 mL, 14.40 mmol) , and the reaction mixture was stirred at 90℃ for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was basified with a saturated NaHCO3 solution to pH~8. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH=1 / 0 to 10 / 1) to afford 33-4.
[0190] Step 4: A mixture of 33-4 (400 mg, 1.79 mmol) in triethoxymethane (4 mL) was stirred at 130℃ for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and ice-water. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 2 / 3) to afford 33-5.
[0191] Step 5: Compound 33 was prepared from compound 33-5 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 29 in Example 15. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 602.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 9.38 (s, 1H) , 8.72 (s, 1H) , 7.94 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.31 (s, 1H) , 7.21 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.44 (s, 4H) , 4.26 (s, 2H) , 3.76 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H) , 2.25-1.97 (m, 8H) , 1.83-1.71 (m, 4H) , 0.87 (d, J = 15.5 Hz, 2H) , 0.31 (s, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -94.70 (2F) . Example 17 Synthesis of Compound 34
[0192] Step 1: A mixture of 7-2 (400.0 mg, 1.28 mmol) , 4-methylpiperazin-2-one (586.2 mg, 5.14 mmol) , CuI (489.0 mg, 2.57 mmol) , K3PO4 (1362.6 mg, 6.42 mmol) and methyl [ (1R, 2R) -2- (methylamino) cyclohexyl] amine (182.6 mg, 1.29 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was heated at 80℃ for 12 hrs. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH=1 / 0 to 20 / 1) to afford 34-1.
[0193] Step 2: To a solution of 34-1 (150 mg, 0.44 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added borane tetrahydrofuran (1.09 mL, 1.09 mmol) , and the reaction mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was quenched with HCl (1 N, 1.5 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 0.5 hr. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to ~9 with a saturated Na2CO3 solution. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH=1 / 0 to 20 / 1) to afford 34-2.
[0194] Step 3: Compound 34 was prepared from compound 34-2 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 29 in Example 15. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 659.6. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD, ppm) : δ 8.02 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.53 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.42-7.32 (m, 2H) , 7.25 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.29 (s, 2H) , 3.94 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H) , 3.72-3.62 (m, 4H) , 3.39-3.33 (m, 2H) , 2.80-2.56 (m, 4H) , 2.39 (s, 3H) , 2.15-2.03 (m, 6H) , 2.00-1.90 (m, 2H) , 1.85-1.74 (m, 2H) , 1.33-1.28 (m, 4H) , 0.89 (d, J = 11.9 Hz, 2H) , 0.33 (s, 4H) . Example 18 Synthesis of Compound 35
[0195] Step 1: To a solution of 35-1 (1.0 g, 7.35 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) were added TEA (2.55 mL, 18.36 mmol) and 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (1540.4 mg, 8.08 mmol) , and the mixture was stirred at RT for 24 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with DCM and water. The mixture was extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 4 / 1) to afford 35-2.
[0196] Step 2: To a mixture of 3-bromo-1, 2-dihydropyridin-2-one (200 mg, 1.15 mmol) in MeCN (0.3 mL) were added 35-2 (667.4 mg, 2.30 mmol) and K2CO3 (158.9 mg, 1.15 mmol) , and the mixture was stirred at 85℃ for 3 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and water. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 5 / 1) to afford 35-3.
[0197] Step 3: Compound 35 was prepared from compound 35-3 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 17 in Example 9. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 531.4. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.22-8.12 (m, 2H) , 8.06 (s, 1H) , 7.99-7.94 (m, 1H) , 7.81-7.69 (m, 1H) , 7.16-7.02 (m, 1H) , 5.25 (s, 1H) , 3.92 (s, 2H) , 3.35 (s, 3H) , 2.03-1.78 (m, 14H) , 0.91-0.72 (m, 2H) , 0.30 (s, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -91.51 (1F) , -98.75 (1F) . Example 19 Synthesis of Compound 36
[0198] Step 1: To a mixture of 2-bromo-5, 8-dioxaspiro [3.4] octane (832.07 mg, 4.31 mmol) and 36-1 (500 mg, 2.87 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) were added K2CO3 (1.19 g, 8.62 mmol) and KI (47.7 mg, 0.29 mmol) at RT. The mixture was stirred at 100℃ for 16 hrs. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, then washed with a saturated NH4Cl solution. The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 0 / 1) to afford 36-2.
[0199] Step 2: To a solution of 36-2 (220 mg, 0.77 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) and H2O (2 mL) was added TFA (4 mL, 52.24 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 18 hrs. The mixture was diluted with water. Then the pH of the mixture was adjusted to ~8 with a saturated NaHCO3 solution. The mixture was extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford 36-3 which was used for the next step directly.
[0200] Step 3: To a solution of 36-3 (180 mg, crude) in DCM (4 mL) was added DAST (1.09 mL, 8.26 mmol) at RT. The mixture was stirred at RT for 18 hrs. The mixture was diluted with DCM. Then the pH of the mixture was adjusted to ~8 with a saturated NaHCO3 solution. The mixture was extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=1 / 0 to 0 / 1) to afford 36-4.
[0201] Step 4: Compound 36 was prepared from compound 36-4 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 35 in Example 18. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 503.4. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.16 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H) , 8.04 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.96 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.81 (dd, J = 7.0, 1.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.56 (dd, J = 7.1, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 6.39 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.95-4.83 (m, 1H) , 3.81 (s, 2H) , 3.33 (s, 3H) , 3.20-3.05 (m, 4H) , 2.02-1.85 (m, 6H) , 0.82 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H) , 0.30 (s, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -82.73 (1F) , -98.24 (1F) . Example 20 Synthesis of Compound 37
[0202] Step 1: To a solution of (oxomethylidene) azanesulfonyl chloride (0.31 mL, 3.53 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added benzyl alcohol (0.39 mL, 3.75 mmol) below -10℃ and stirred at -10℃ for 30 mins. Then TEA (0.74 mL, 5.30 mmol) and 37-1 (335.68 mg, 4.59 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) were added and the mixture was stirred at -10℃ for 30 mins. The mixture was stirred at 20℃ for 16 hrs. The mixture was diluted with H2O, adjusted the pH to ~4 by HCl (1 M) , and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was washed with H2O and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH =1 / 0 to 20 / 1) to afford 37-2.
[0203] Step 2: A solution of 37-2 (454 mg, 1.59 mmol) and Pd / C (10%, 100 mg) in propan-2-ol (12 mL) was stirred at 20℃ under H2 balloon for 2.5 hrs. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to afford 37-3 which was used for the next step directly.
[0204] Step 3: A solution of 37-3 (242 mg, 0.95 mmol) , TEA (0.20 mL, 1.43 mmol) , DMAP (58.3 mg, 0.48 mmol) and tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (215.7 mg, 1.43 mmol) in DMF (8 mL) was stirred at 20℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 0 / 1) to afford 37-4.
[0205] Step 4: Compound 37 was prepared from compound 7-3 and 37-4 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 1-13 in Example 1. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 669.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.56 (s, 1H) , 8.16-8.09 (m, 1H) , 7.95 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.87 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.30 (s, 1H) , 7.26-7.16 (m, 1H) , 5.92-5.69 (m, 1H) , 4.54-4.26 (m, 3H) , 3.99-3.82 (m, 5H) , 3.69-3.59 (m, 2H) , 3.50-3.43 (m, 4H) , 2.19-1.95 (m, 6H) , 1.88-1.74 (m, 2H) , 1.74-1.64 (m, 2H) , 0.96-0.81 (m, 2H) , 0.38-0.22 (m, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -94.77 (2F) . Example 21 Synthesis of Compound 44
[0206] Step 1: To a solution of 44-1 (1.0 g, 3.33 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added tert-butylamine (0.73 g, 9.98 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 0.5 hr. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 1 / 1) to afford 44-2.
[0207] Step 2: A mixture of 44-2 (600 mg, 1.78 mmol) , iron (298.1 mg, 5.34 mmol) and NH4Cl (285.5 mg, 5.34 mmol) in EtOH (6 mL) and H2O (1.5 mL) was heated at 80℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 1 / 1) to afford 44-3.
[0208] Step 3: A mixture of 44-3 (350 mg, 1.14 mmol) , bis (pinacolato) diboron (1157.24 mg, 4.56 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2 (83.4 mg, 0.11 mmol) and KOAc (335.4 mg, 3.42 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was heated at 90℃ for 12 hrs. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 3 / 2) to afford 44-4.
[0209] Step 4: A mixture of 44-4 (240 mg, 0.68 mmol) , 3-bromo-1-methyl-1, 2, 4-triazole (142.66 mg, 0.88 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2xCH2Cl2 (110.6 mg, 0.14 mmol) and K3PO4 (431.4 mg, 2.03 mmol) in dioxane (8 mL) and H2O (1 mL) was stirred at 100℃ for 2 hrs under N2. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 1 / 0 to 0 / 1) to afford 44-5.
[0210] Step 5: Compound 44-6 was prepared from compound 44-5 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 12-17 in Example 7.
[0211] Step 6: Compound 44 was prepared from compound 44-6 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 1-13 in Example 1. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 657.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.72 (s, 1H) , 8.30 (s, 1H) , 8.14 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.97-7.94 (m, 2H) , 7.76-7.73 (m, 1H) , 7.35 (s, 1H) , 7.24-7.21 (m, 1H) , 4.04 (s, 2H) , 3.99 (s, 3H) , 3.77 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H) , 3.37-3.35 (m, 2H) , 1.88-1.71 (m, 6H) , 1.21 (s, 9H) , 0.95-0.90 (m, 2H) , 0.27 (s, 4H) . Example 22 Synthesis of Compound 47
[0212] Step 1: A mixture of 7-2 (11.3 g, 36.27 mmol) and NaOCH3 (30%in MeOH, 32.7 g, 181.35 mmol) in MeOH (40 mL) was heated at 80℃ for 2 days. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 4 / 1) to afford 47-1.
[0213] Step 2: A mixture of 47-1 (10.6 g, 34.51 mmol) , 2H-1, 2, 4-triazole (4.77 g, 69.02 mmol) , CuBr (5.0 g, 34.51 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (22.5 g, 69.02 mmol) in DMSO (120 mL) was heated at 130℃ for 3 days. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was diluted with H2O. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 1 / 4) to afford 47-2.
[0214] Step 3: 47-2 (600 mg, 2.03 mmol) and pyridine hydrochloride (3.0 g, 26.0 mmol) were heated at 150℃ for 0.5 hr. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH =1 / 0 to 10 / 1) to afford 47-3.
[0215] Step 4: To a mixture of 47-3 (410 mg, 1.46 mmol) and TEA (0.61 mL, 4.37 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (822.5 mg, 2.92 mmol) at 0℃. Then the mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 1 hr. The reaction was quenched with H2O and the mixture was extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 2 / 1) to afford 47-4.
[0216] Step 5: Compound 47 was prepared from compound 47-4 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 12 in Example 7. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 646.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 9.04 (s, 1H) , 8.31 (s, 1H) , 7.95-7.75 (m, 3H) , 7.61 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.44 (s, 2H) , 3.82-3.79 (m, 2H) , 3.38-3.33 (m, 2H) , 3.13-3.06 (m, 4H) , 2.06-1.94 (m, 6H) , 1.88-1.67 (m, 4H) , 0.93-0.84 (m, 2H) , 0.31 (s, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -95.23 (2F) , -126.84 (1F) . Example 23 Synthesis of Compound 48
[0217] Step 1: A mixture of 8-1 (800.0 mg, 4.56 mmol) , 3-methyl-1H-1, 2, 4-triazole (568.6 mg, 6.84 mmol) , pyridine (0.92 mL, 11.41 mmol) , copper (II) acetate (455.4 mg, 2.51 mmol) and molecular sieves (800 mg) in DMF (10 mL) was stirred at 50℃ under O2 atmosphere for 36 hrs. The mixture was filtered and washed with DCM. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by reverse HPLC (50%H2O in MeCN) to afford 48-1.
[0218] Step 2: Compound 48-2 was prepared from compound 48-1 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 8-3 in Example 6.
[0219] Step 3: Compound 48 was prepared from compound 48-2 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 47 in Example 22. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 660.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 10.06 (s, 1H) , 8.89 (s, 1H) , 7.93-7.88 (m, 1H) , 7.86-7.76 (m, 2H) , 7.62 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 5.04-5.00 (m, 1H) , 4.44 (s, 2H) , 3.84-3.78 (m, 2H) , 3.43-3.36 (m, 2H) , 3.16-3.09 (m, 4H) , 2.38 (s, 3H) , 2.08-1.95 (m, 6H) , 1.88-1.77 (m, 2H) , 1.75-1.68 (m, 2H) , 0.92-0.84 (m, 2H) , 0.31 (s, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -95.22 (2F) , -126.23 (1F) . Example 24 Synthesis of Compound 49
[0220] Step 1: A mixture of 49-1 (2.0 g, 7.86 mmol) , 2H-1, 2, 3-triazole (705.74 mg, 10.22 mmol) , CuI (299.4 mg, 1.57 mmol) , methyl [ (1R, 2R) -2- (methylamino) cyclohexyl] amine (223.6 mg, 1.57 mmol) and K3PO4 (5005 mg, 23.58 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) was stirred at 100℃ for 2 days. The mixture was filtered and the filtrated was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 10 / 1) to afford 49-2.
[0221] Step 2: To a solution of 49-2 (270 mg, 1.38 mmol) in pyridine hydrofluoride (5 mL) was added tert-butyl nitrite (427.0 mg, 4.14 mmol) at 0℃. Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The mixture was quenched with a saturated NaHCO3 solution until the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 9. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 20 / 1) to afford 49-3.
[0222] Step 3: Compound 49 was prepared from compound 49-3 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 48 in Example 23. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 646.6. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.17 (s, 2H) , 7.85 (s, 2H) , 7.77 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.61 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.45 (s, 2H) , 3.82-3.79 (m, 2H) , 3.38-3.33 (m, 2H) , 3.09-3.04 (m, 4H) , 2.06-1.68 (m, 10H) , 0.89 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 2H) , 0.31 (s, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -94.95 (2F) , -126.33 (1F) . Example 25 Synthesis of Compound 50
[0223] Step 1: To a mixture of 50-1 (2.0 g, 8.85 mmol) , TEA (3.69 mL, 26.54 mmol) and DMAP (100.0 mg, 0.89 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (3.05 mL, 13.27 mmol) at 0℃, and the mixture was stirred at RT for 4 hrs. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 10 / 1) to 50-2.
[0224] Step 2: A mixture of 50-2 (2.3 g, 7.05 mmol) , 4, 4-difluoropiperidine hydrochloride (1.1 g, 7.05 mmol) , XantPhos Pd G2 (313.1 mg, 0.35 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (6.9 g, 21.15 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was stirred at 100℃ for 16 hrs under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 8 / 1) to afford 50-3.
[0225] Step 3: A mixture of 50-3 (1.5 g, 4.09 mmol) and TFA (2 mL) in DCM (10 mL) was stirred at RT for 4 hrs. The resulting mixture was concentrated and dried in vacuo to afford 50-4 which was used for the next step directly.
[0226] Step 4: A solution of 50-4 (900 mg, crude) , CuI (965.5 mg, 5.07 mmol) and tert-butyl nitrite (522.8 mg, 5.07 mmol) in CH3CN (6 mL) was stirred at 30℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =1 / 0 to 4 / 1) to afford 50-5.
[0227] Step 5: Compound 50 was prepared from compound 50-5 following the procedure for the synthesis of compound 1-13 in Example 1. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 614.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 7.90 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.73 (s, 1H) , 7.53 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.38-7.29 (m, 2H) , 7.21 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 4.01-3.87 (m, 5H) , 3.81-3.73 (m, 2H) , 3.48-3.44 (m, 6H) , 2.17-2.13 (m, 4H) , 1.86-1.82 (m, 6H) , 0.91-0.86 (m, 2H) , 0.30-0.25 (m, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -94.98 (2F) .
[0228] Table 1 below shows characterization of some exemplary compounds of the present disclosure. Table 1. Characterization of some exemplary compounds of the present disclosure Biological Example A: OVCAR3 Cell Viability Assay
[0229] OVCAR3 Cells (ATCC, Cat#HTB-161) were seeded at a density of 2000 cells / well in a 96-well clear bottom plate (Greiner, Cat#655098) in 100 μL of complete media (RPMI1640 + 20%FBS + 0.01mg / mL human insulin) . One hundred microliter of complete media was added into the blank well (column 1) for low control. Cells were allowed to adhere to the plate overnight in the incubator at 37℃, 5%CO2. On the following day, 0.5 μL of serially-diluted compounds were added to the cells (columns 2-10) and incubated for 6 days at 37 ℃, 5%CO2 (final 0.5%DMSO concentration) ; 0.5 μL of DMSO solution was added into the wells (column 11) for high control. Cell viability was detected according to the Cell Titer Turbo 2.0 Luminescent Cell Viability Assay Kit (Damas, Cat#RA-GL11) . Luminescence was recorded on the Tecan Spark plate reader. Inhibition rate (IR) of the tested compounds was determined by the following formula: IR (%) = (1– (RLUcompound –RLUlow control) / (RLUhigh control –RLUlow control) ) × 100%. The IC50 value was calculated using the non-linear regression equation: Y=Bottom + (Top-Bottom) / (1+10^ ( (LogIC50–X) × HillSlope) ) , where X is Log of compound concentration, Y is percent inhibition (IR (%) ) , Top and Bottom are plateaus in same units as Y.
[0230] Table 2 below shows IC50 values of representative compounds measured and / or calculated according to this biological example. Table 2. OVCAR3 CTG (IC50) of representative compounds. Compound A: CN115594664, Example 02; Compound B: CN115594664, Example 05; Compound C: WO2021211549, Example C14. Biological Example B: Human microsomal clearance assay
[0231] This study aimed to assess the metabolic stability of a compound in human liver microsomes using a microsomal clearance assay.
[0232] A mixture containing 100 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.4, 0.5 mg / mL liver microsomes, 2 mM NADPH, and 1 μM compound were prepared and added to 96-well plate. The plates were then incubated at 37 ℃ for different time points (0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes) and the reaction was stopped with acetonitrile solution containing an internal standard. The samples were then analyzed by LC / MS / MS to determine how much of the compound remained at each time point. The elimination rate constant and half-life were calculated from the data as follows: Elimination rate constant (k) = -slope; Half-life (T1 / 2) = 0.693 / k.
[0233] The in vitro intrinsic clearance, Clint, was calculated from the T1 / 2 as follows: Clint = (0.693 / T1 / 2) h (1 / (microsomal protein concentration (0.5 mg / mL) ) ) h Physiological Scaling Factor.
[0234] Table 3 below shows in vitro intrinsic clearance values of representative compounds measured and / or calculated according to this biological example. Table 3. In vitro clearance values of representative compounds. Compound D: WO2023028564, Example 134. Biological Example C: Human Plasma protein binding assay
[0235] The plasma protein binding of compounds in human plasma was determined using a dialysis method. The dialysis membrane strips were prepared by soaking them in ultra-pure water for about 1hr at RT, followed by separation and soaking in ethanol: water (20: 80 v: v) for about 20min, and a final rinse with ultra-pure water. Prior to use, the membranes were rinsed and soaked for another 20 min in ultra-pure water.
[0236] The blank plasma samples were thawed, centrifuged and verified its pH values. Only the plasma with pH between 7.0-8.0 was used in the experiment. The final concentration of compound in the spiked plasma is 1 μM, with final DMSO<=1%. All samples were prepared in triplicates. The time zero (T0) samples was used for determining the recovery of the compound of interest after dialysis. It was prepared in the same way as other dialysis samples except it was stored at 2-8 ℃ before LC-MS / MS analysis.
[0237] The other spiked plasma samples were loaded onto the dialysis device and incubated at and 37±1℃ with 5%CO2 for 6hr. At the end of the dialysis, aliquots of samples from the plasma and buffer sides of the dialysis device were taken and processed for LC-MS / MS analysis.
[0238] The %Unbound, %Bound, and %Recovery of the compounds were calculated from the peak area ratios of the analyte and internal standard in the plasma and buffer samples as shown in the following equations: %Unbound = 100 × F / T %Bound = 100 -%Unbound %Recovery = 100 * (F + T) / T0 where [F] is the peak area ratio of analyte / internal standard on the buffer (receiver) side of the membrane; [T] is the peak area ratio of analyte / internal standard on the plasma (donor) side of the membrane; [T0] is the peak area ratio of analyte / internal standard in the plasma sample at time zero.
[0239] Table 4 below shows human plasma protein binding values of representative compounds measured and / or calculated according to this biological example. Table 4. Human plasma protein binding values of representative compounds. Biological Example D: Mouse PK assay
[0240] This study measured pharmacokinetic profiles of compounds following a single oral dose in male BALB / c mouse. Each tested compound was prepared at 0.1 mg / ml in the formulation (clear solutionγ, and administered at a dose of 5mg / kg to 3 male mice with body weight ~18g (Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd) . Blood samples (0.02 mL) were collected at 0.083, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hrs after compound administration.
[0241] The collected blood samples were centrifuged to prepare plasma samples, which were then frozen at -70 ℃ until analysis. The plasma samples were mixed with ACN solution containing internal standards and vortexed for 5min. The supernatant of the mixture obtained by centrifuging at 14000 rpm at 4 ℃ for 10min were injected to LC-MS / MS for plasma concentration determination.
[0242] The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using standard noncompartmental methods with Phoenix WinNonLin Professional Version 8.1. The calculated parameters included terminal half-life (T1 / 2) , area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) , Tmax, Cmax, and other parameters.
[0243] Table 5 below shows mouse PK data of representative compounds measured and / or calculated according to this biological example. Table 5. Mouse PK data of representative compounds. Biological Example E: In Vitro Cytochrome P450 Inhibition Study
[0244] CYP inhibition was evaluated by monitoring corresponding metabolite decrease after incubation with known industry-accepted CYP450 substrates, test articles and microsomes (HLM) .
[0245] Eight reaction wells with 30 μL of a solution containing 100 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.4 and 1: 3 serial dilutions of the test compound were prepared along with eight wells of 1:3 serial dilutions of Sulfaphenazole (apositive control inhibitor) . The assay plates were pre-warmed after 15μL of probe substrate was added into appropriate wells. Then the reactions were initiated by adding 15 μL of a pre-warmed 8 mM NADPH solution resulting in a final NADPH concentration of 2 mM. The concentrations of test compound ranged from 0.137 μM to 10 μM. A zero time-point control reaction was prepared by adding 135 μL acetonitrile (ACN) containing tolbutamide (200 ng / mL) as internal standard (IS) to 30 μL of the reaction solution to inactivate the enzymes before adding the probe substrate. A control reaction with no inhibitor was also prepared. After a suitable incubation at 37 ℃, 10min, the reactions were terminated by the addition of 135 μL ACN containing IS. The reactions were prepared and analyzed for the metabolite forms of the probe substrate using LC-MS / MS.
[0246] Table 6 below shows P450 2C9 inhibition data of representative compounds measured and / or calculated according to this biological example. Table 6. P450 2C9 inhibition data of representative compounds. Biological Example F: Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) Induction Assay
[0247] CYP induction was to determine whether the test article is an inducer of the major CYP enzymes. Cryopreserved human hepatocytes were incubated with the test article in duplicates for 72 h. Enzyme activity and mRNA expression of CYP1A2, 2B6, and 3A4 were determined to evaluate the induction potential on these isozymes.
[0248] Induction Procedure
[0249] Cryopreserved human primary hepatocytes were resurrected in collagen I-precoated 96-wells plates, with Matirgel media at 37℃ in a humidified incubator with 5%CO2.
[0250] The resurrected human hepatocytes were then treated with the test article with a series of concentrations, together with control groups treated with positive 1A2 inducer omeprazole at 100 μM, 2B6 inducer pentobarbital at 1000 μM, and 3A4 inducer rifampicin at 20 μM, respectively. The media were replaced by drug-containing media (freshly prepared in the same way) every 24h for a 72h period. The medium containing 0.1%DMSO with was used for negative control group.
[0251] CYP Enzyme Activity
[0252] At the end of the 72h treatment period, the cells were incubated with 100μL media containing probe substrates of CYP1A2 (phenacetin, 100μM) , CYP2B6 (bupropion, 100μM) , and CYP3A4 (testosterone, 200μM) in the 37 ℃ CO2 incubator for 60min. Each incubation sample was processed for LCMS quantitation of metabolites of probe substrates (acetaminophen, hydroxybupropion, and 6β-hydroxytestosterone) , respectively.
[0253] Fold-change of CYP enzyme activity = Peak area ratio of major metabolite of CYP probe substrate (test article treated) / Mean peak area ratio of major metabolite of CYP probe substrate (vehicle treated, negative control)
[0254] CYP mRNA Expression
[0255] At the end of the 72h treatment, total RNA was prepared using an RNAprep pure Cell / Bacteria Kit with DNase I treatment, and reverse transcription was performed using 0.2 μg of RNA and the FastQuant RT Kit (With gDNase) . Relative quantification of CYP1A2, 2B6, and 3A4 mRNA was performed on a Real-Time PCR system.
[0256] The CYP mRNA levels were normalized to the expression of an endogenous reference β-actin. The fold-change of CYP mRNA level and %positive control were calculated by the following formulas: In both test article group and negative control group, ΔCt = Ct of target gene –Ct of β-actin. ΔΔCt = ΔCt, test article treated –ΔCt, negative control Fold-change of CYP mRNA level =2-ΔΔCt where Ct is the cycle threshold or the number of cycles at which the fluorescent signal meets or exceeds the threshold (i.e., background level) .
[0257] Table 7 below shows P450 (CYP450) Induction data of representative compounds measured and / or calculated according to this biological example. Table 7. P450 (CYP450) Induction data of representative compounds. Biological Example G: Caco-2 Permeability Assay
[0258] The objective of this study was to evaluate the bidirectional permeability of compounds across Caco-2 cell monolayers, which serve as an in vitro model for small intestinal absorption.
[0259] For the experiment, Caco-2 cells were seeded onto 96-well transport inserts and cultured for 18 to 21 days to achieve confluence and differentiation. The test compounds were applied at a concentration of 10 μM in both the apical-to-basolateral and basolateral-to-apical directions to evaluate their permeability. Samples were collected at 0 and 120 minutes after the start of the incubation period and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS / MS) .
[0260] Data Analysis
[0261] The apparent permeability (Papp, cm / s) , efflux ratio (ER) and recovery parameters were calculated for Caco-2 drug transport assay using the following equations:
[0262] Table 8 below shows Caco-2 Permeability data of representative compounds measured and / or calculated according to this biological example. Table 8. Caco-2 Permeability data of representative compounds. Biological Example H: OVCAR3 in vivo mouse xenograft model study
[0263] In vivo efficacy studies were performed in human ovarian cancer cell OVCAR3 (TP53MUT, CCNE1AMP) mouse xenograft model to evaluate anti-tumor activity of KIF18A inhibitors. Female BALB / c Nude mice (6-8 weeks) were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. The OVCAR3 cells growing in an exponential growth phase were harvested for tumor inoculation. OVCAR3 cells (1×107 cells mixed 1: 1 with Matrigel) were subcutaneously implanted into the right flanks of BALB / c nude mice. After tumors size reached 100-200 mm3, mice were treated orally once per day (PO, QD) with KIF18A inhibitors or vehicle control. Tumor volume and body weight of mice were recorded twice per week. Tumor sizes were measured in two dimensions using a caliper and expressed in mm3 using the formula: Volume = 0.5 a × b2 where a and b are the longest and shortest diameters of the tumor, respectively. Tumor growth inhibition (TGI) was calculated according to the following equation: TGI (%) = (1 - (TVTreatment / Dn –TVTreatment / D0) / (TVControl / Dn –TVControl / D0) ) × 100%, where the Dn is the final tumor volume and D0 is starting tumor volume prior to treatment. Tumor regression was calculated with the following equation: Regression (%) = - (TVTreatment / Dn –TVTreatment / D0) / TVTreatment / D0 × 100%. The compounds according to the present disclosure can achieve a rumor regression value from 30%to 100%at a dose of 5-60 mpk.
[0264] The Summary and Abstract sections may set forth one or more but not all exemplary embodiments of the present invention as contemplated by the inventor (s) , and thus, are not intended to limit the present invention and the appended claims in any way.
[0265] The present invention has been described above with the aid of functional building blocks illustrating the implementation of specified functions and relationships thereof. The boundaries of these functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined herein for the convenience of the description. Alternate boundaries can be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships thereof are appropriately performed.
[0266] With respect to aspects of the invention described as a genus, all individual species are individually considered separate aspects of the invention. If aspects of the invention are described as "comprising" a feature, embodiments also are contemplated "consisting of” or "consisting essentially of” the feature.
[0267] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the invention that others can, by applying knowledge within the skill of the art, readily modify and / or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments, without undue experimentation, without departing from the general concept of the present invention. Therefore, such adaptations and modifications are intended to be within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments, based on the teaching and guidance presented herein. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, such that the terminology or phraseology of the present specification is to be interpreted by the skilled artisan in light of the teachings and guidance.
[0268] The breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments.
[0269] All of the various aspects, embodiments, and options described herein can be combined in any and all variations.
[0270] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. To the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
Claims
1.A compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein:R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl; orR1 and R2, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl ring or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl ring;R3 is SRA, S (O) RA, S (O) 2RA, S (O) NHRA, S (O) 2NHRA, CH2S (O) 2RA, NHS (O) 2RA, or NHS (O) 2CH2RA1, wherein RA is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C1-8 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-10 carbocyclyl, or an optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclyl, and RA1 is an optionally substituted C3-10 carbocyclyl or an optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclyl;R4 at each occurrence is independently CN, OH, NH2, halogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl;m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;R5 at each occurrence is independently CN, OH, NH2, halogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl;n is 0, 1, 2, or 3;is a phenyl ring, a 5-or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring, a 9-or 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring, or a 12-or 13-membered polycyclic heterocyclic ring;R6 at each occurrence is independently halogen, CN, OH, NH2, NO2, oxo, imino, RT, ORT, SRT, NRT1RT, CORT, COORT, CONRT1RT, NHCORT, S (O) 2NRT1RT, S (O) NRT1RT, or NHS (O) 2RT, wherein RT at each occurrence is independently an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-10 carbocyclyl, an optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl, or an optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, and RT1 at each occurrence is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl; andp is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.2.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, characterized by having Formula I-1: 3.The compound of any one of claims 1-2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein is selected from the following groups: wherein:each of RB, RE, RF, RG1, and RG2 are independently hydrogen, halogen, CN, OH, NH2, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl;RC is RT, ORT, SRT, NRT1RT, CORT, COORT, CONRT1RT, NHCORT, S (O) 2NRT1RT, S (O) NRT1RT, or NHS (O) 2RT, wherein RT is independently an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-10 carbocyclyl, an optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl, or an optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, and RT1 is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl;RC1 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted C3-10 carbocyclyl;RD is hydrogen, halogen, CN, OH, NH2, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-4 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-10 carbocyclyl, an optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted 6-10 membered aryl, or an optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl; andRG is hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl.4.The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, characterized by having Formula I-1-A: 5.The compound of any one of claims 1-4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I, I-1 or I-1-A, R1 and R2 are both F or both methyl;6.The compound of any one of claims 1-4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I, I-1 or I-1-A, R1 and R2, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form an optionally substituted cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl ring, preferably a cyclopropyl ring.7.The compound of any one of claims 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I, I-1 or I-1-A, R3 is an optionally substituted -S (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) , such as -S (O) 2CH3 or -S (O) 2CH2CH3.8.The compound of any one of claims 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I, I-1 or I-1-A, R3 is an optionally substituted -S (O) 2 (C3-4 cycloalkyl) , such as -S (O) 2-cyclopropyl.9.The compound of any one of claims 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I, I-1 or I-1-A, R3 is an optionally substituted S (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) , CH2S (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) , or NHS (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) ; preferably, R3 is S (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) , CH2S (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) , or NHS (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) , wherein said C1-4 alkyl in S (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) , CH2S (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) , or NHS (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) is optionally substituted with OH or NH2, such as S (O) 2CH2CH2OH, CH2S (O) 2CH2CH2OH, NHS (O) 2CH2CH2OH, or NHS (O) 2CH2CH3.10.The compound of any one of claims 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I, I-1 or I-1-A, R3 is an optionally substituted NHS (O) 2CH2 (C3-4 cycloalkyl) ; preferably, R3 is NHS (O) 2CH2 (C3-4 cycloalkyl) , wherein said C3-4 cycloalkyl in NHS (O) 2CH2 (C3-4 cycloalkyl) is substituted with OH or NH2, such as 11.The compound of any one of claims 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I, I-1 or I-1-A, R3 is an optionally substituted NHS (O) 2 (4-5 membered heterocyclyl) ; preferably, R3 is NHS (O) 2 (4-5 membered heterocyclyl) , wherein said 4-5 membered heterocyclyl in NHS (O) 2 (4-5 membered heterocyclyl) contains one ring heteroatom selected from N, O or S and is optionally substituted with OH or NH2, such as 12.The compound of any one of claims 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I, I-1 or I-1-A, R3 is an optionally substituted NHS (O) 2 (C1-7 heteroalkyl) ; preferably, R3 is NHS (O) 2 (C1-7 heteroalkyl) , wherein said C1-7 heteroalkyl in NHS (O) 2 (C1-7 heteroalkyl) contains one ring heteroatom selected from N, O or S and is optionally substituted with oxo, OH and / or NH2, such as 13.The compound of any one of claims 1-12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I, I-1 or I-1-A, m is 0.14.The compound of any one of claims 1-12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I, I-1 or I-1-A, m is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and R4 at each occurrence is independently CN, OH, NH2, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or O- (C1-6 alkyl) .15.The compound of any one of claims 1, 3 and 5-14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I, n is 0.16.The compound of any one of claims 1, 3 and 5-14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I, n is 1, 2, or 3, R5 at each occurrence is independently CN, OH, NH2, halogen (e.g., F) , C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or O- (C1-6 alkyl) .17.The compound of any one of claims 2-14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-1 or I-1-A, R5 is CN, OH, NH2, halogen (e.g., F) , C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or O- (C1-6 alkyl) ; preferably, R5 is F.18.The compound of any one of claims 3 and 5-17, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RB is hydrogen, halogen (e.g., F) , C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, or cyclopropyl; preferably, RB is hydrogen or F.19.The compound of any one of claims 3-18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RC is an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl containing one or two heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S; preferably, a fluoro-substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl containing one ring N atom, such as 20.The compound of any one of claims 3-18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RC is an optionally substituted 4-6 membered cycloalkyl; preferably, a fluoro-substituted 4-6 membered cycloalkyl, such as 21.The compound of any one of claims 3-18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RC is NHRT, wherein RT is an optionally substituted 4-6 membered cycloalkyl; preferably, RC is NHRT, wherein RT is a fluoro-substituted 4-6 membered cycloalkyl, such as 22.The compound of any one of claims 3-18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RC is S (O) 2NHRT, wherein RT is C1-6 alkyl, preferably t-butyl (that is, ) .23.The compound of any one of claims 3 and 5-18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RC1 is an optionally substituted 4-6 membered cycloalkyl; preferably, a fluoro-substituted 4-6 membered cycloalkyl, such as 24.The compound of any one of claims 3-23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RD is hydrogen.25.The compound of any one of claims 3-23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RD is CN.26.The compound of any one of claims 3-23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RD is O- (C1-6 alkyl) , such as OCH3.27.The compound of any one of claims 3-23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RD is CONH (C1-6 alkyl) , such as CONHCH3 or CONHCH2CH3.28.The compound of any one of claims 3-23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RD is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl containing one, two, three, or four ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S; preferably, a 5-membered heteroaryl containing one, two, three, or four ring N atoms and optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , such as 29.The compound of any one of claims 3-23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RD is an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl containing one or two heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S; preferably, a 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or two ring N atoms and optionally substituted with halogen and / or C1-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , such as 30.The compound of any one of claims 3-29, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RE is hydrogen, halogen (e.g., F) , C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, or cyclopropyl; preferably, RE is hydrogen or F.31.The compound of any one of claims 3-30, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RF is hydrogen, halogen (e.g., F) , C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, or cyclopropyl; preferably, RF is hydrogen or F.32.The compound of any one of claims 3 and 5-31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RG is hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , or cyclopropyl; preferably, RG is hydrogen or methyl.33.The compound of any one of claims 3 and 5-31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RG1 and RG2 are each independently hydrogen, halogen (e.g., F) , C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, or cyclopropyl; preferably, RG1 and RG2 are both F.34.A compound selected from those as shown in Table A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.35.A prodrug (e.g., an ester prodrug or an amino ester prodrug) of the compound of any one of claims 1-34 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.36.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-34 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the prodrug of claim 35, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.37.A method of inhibiting KIF18A protein in a cell, the method comprising contacting the cell with the compound of any one of claims 1-34 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.38.A method of treating a cancer in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any one of claims 1-34 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 36.39.The method of claim 38, wherein the cancer is selected from breast, bladder, colon, cervix, lung, pancreas, prostate, and / or ovarian cancers.40.The method of claim 38 or 39, further comprising treating the subject with an additional therapy, such as a chemotherapeutic agent, therapeutic antibody, radiation, cell therapy, or immunotherapy.41.The method of any one of claims 38-40, wherein the subject has a cancer associated with KIF18A protein.
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