Method for improving rainfastness of an agrochemical active ingredient

Abstract

A method for improving rainfastness of an agrochemical active ingredient comprises applying to a plant surface a composition containing at least one agrochemical active ingredient and a rainfastness enhancing agent, the rainfastness enhancing agent comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion, obtainable by radical aqueous emulsion polymerization of a mixture comprising a) ethylenically unsaturated monomers M, with M comprising at least one vinyl ester M1, and at least one (meth)acrylic acid ester M2, b) a carboxyl-groups-containing compound CGCC, c) at least one non-carboxylated saccharide and / or polysaccharide S, and d) at least one emulsifier selected from non-ionic and anionic surfactants, wherein wherein the dispersion has a pH of up to 4. The aqueous polymer dispersion is useful for enhancing the rainfastness of agrochemical active ingredients.

Description

[0001] Method for Improving Rainfastness of an Agrochemical Active Ingredient

[0002] The present invention is directed to a method for improving rainfastness of an agrochemical active ingredient, composition suitable for the method, and the use of an aqueous polymer dispersion as a rainfastness enhancing agent in a composition containing at least one agrochemical active ingredient.

[0003] There is a constant need for agrochemical formulations with high efficacies. One problem with the application of agrochemical formulations is that when such formulations are applied in the field prior to rainfall, the pesticide contained therein may be washed away by the rain.

[0004] One approach to overcome this issue is the use of uptake enhancers like alcohol alkoxylates that can act as rainfastness enhancers since they accelerate penetration of active ingredients into the plant. Upon penetration of the plant the active ingredients cannot be washed away by a rain event anymore.

[0005] WO 2012 / 001068 and WO 2012 / 003060 disclose the use of certain polymer dispersions for improving the rainfastness of pesticide formulations.

[0006] It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of using agrochemical formulations that leads to excellent efficacies for controlling pests and that in particular lead to excellent rainfastness properties.

[0007] The present invention provides a method for improving rainfastness of an agrochemical active ingredient comprising applying to a plant surface a composition containing at least one agrochemical active ingredient and a rainfastness enhancing agent, the rainfastness enhancing agent comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion, obtainable by radical aqueous emulsion polymerization of a mixture comprising a) ethylenically unsaturated monomers M, with M comprising

[0008] (1) at least one vinyl ester (M1), preferably comprising vinyl acetate, more preferably comprising vinyl acetate at least 50%, and

[0009] (2) at least one (meth)acry lie acid ester (M2) optionally comprising methacrylic acid as minor component, the (meth)acrylic acid in the methacrylic acid ester being bonded via an ether-function to a polyalkylene oxide-derived-block (PAO), wherein the PAO consists of 2 to 40 alkylene oxide units (AO-units), most preferably 25 AO-units, with the PAO preferably being further linked via an ether- function to an C1 to C24, preferably at least C4, more preferably at least C6, even more preferably C8 to 024-aliphatic alkanol, most preferably a 018-aliphatic alkanol, with the AO-unit being preferably selected from EO, PO and / or BuO, more preferably at least EO in an amount of from 50, more preferably at least 75, even more preferably at least 90 wt.% most preferably essentially only EO, based on total AO-units; preferably comprising methacrylic acid, more preferably with the methacrylic acid ester and the free methacrylic acid being in a ratio of from about 70 w% / 30w% to 80 w% / 20w%, more preferably about 75 w% / 25w%;

[0010] (3) optionally further monomers (M3) polymerizable with M1 and M2, preferably none; b) 1 to 15, preferably 2 to 10%, based on the total weight of monomers M, of a carboxyl-groups-containing compound (CGCC) being selected from a compound bearing in its structure at least three carboxylgroups of which at least 10 and at most 90 percent are being deprotonated, selected from the group comprising citric acid, isocitric acid; ethylendiamintetraacetic acid; nitriloacetic acid; tartaric acid; oligomeric and polyacrylic acid; oligomeric and poly methacrylic acid; trimelitic acid; oligomeric aminoacids with carboxy groups such as polyaspartic acid; oligomeric and polyglutaminic acid; oligomeric and polyacetates with carboxygroups such as poly(glyoxalic)aldehyde; carboxylated oligomeric and polymeric saccharides such as oxidized starch (mixtures of amylopektines, amylose); polyglucuronates; cellulose oxidized to cellouronate; natural polycarboxylatic polysaccharide such as xylanes; pektines acid; alginic acid; carboxymethylated polysaccharides based on 1 , 4-poly g I ucanes, 1 ,3- polyglucanes, 1 ,6-polyglucanes; Poly-uronic acids based on 1 ,4-polyglucanes, 1 ,3-polyglucanes, 1 ,6- polyglucanes; polygalacturonic; preferably carboxylated polysaccharides, more preferably carboxylated cellulose, even more preferably carboxylated methylcellulose (carboxymethylcellulose, "CMC”); c) at least one non-carboxylated saccharide and / or polysaccharide (S), such as glucose, starch degradation products, maltodextrin, in an amount of 2 to 50, preferably 5 to 35wt% based on the total weight of monomers M; d) at least one emulsifier selected from non-ionic and anionic surfactants; e) optionally sulfate ions; and f) optionally sulfite ions; wherein - preferably - the amount of M1 is from 80 to 99.99 mol%, and the amount of M2 is from 0.01 to 20 mole%, and preferably at most 10, even more preferably at most 5, more preferably at most 2%, the total amount of M1 plus M2 being 100 weight percent, and wherein the dispersion has - after the end of the polymerization - a pH of up to 4.

[0011] The present inventors found that the aqueous polymer dispersion as described above is useful for enhancing the rainfastness of agrochemical active ingredients.

[0012] The rainfastness enhancing agent may be provided together with the active ingredient in dilutible form such as a suspension concentrate or emulsion concentrate, or may be added at the point of time of dilution to obtain a ready-to-use formulation. The invention relates moreover to the composition as used in the method, and to the use of the aqueous polymer dispersion as described herein as a rainfastness enhancing agent in a composition containing at least one agrochemical active ingredient.

[0013] DEFINITIONS

[0014] All terms have their ordinary meaning unless specifically defined otherwise within this disclosure either in the following or throughout the description.

[0015] Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise”, and variations such as "comprises” and "comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integer or step. When used herein the term "comprising” can be substituted with the term "containing” or "including” or sometimes when used herein with the term "having”.

[0016] When used herein, "consisting of" excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified in the claim element. When used herein, "consisting essentially of" does not exclude materials or steps that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the claim.

[0017] In each instance herein any of the terms "comprising", "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of" may be replaced with either of the other two terms. "Comprising” may be replaced in a preferred embodiment with "consisting essentially of" and both may be replaced by "consisting of" in an even more preferred embodiment.

[0018] The compositions of the present disclosure can "comprise” (i.e. contain other ingredients), "consist essentially of” (comprise mainly or almost only the mentioned ingredients and other ingredients in only very minor amounts, mainly only as impurities), or "consist of” (i.e. contain only the mentioned ingredients and in addition may contain only impurities not avoidable in an technical environment, preferably only the ingredients) the components of the present disclosure.

[0019] Similarly, the terms "substantially free of....” or" substantially free from...” or “(containing / comprising) essentially no....” may be used herein; this means that the indicated material is at the very minimum not deliberately added to the composition to form part of it, or, preferably, is not present at analytically detectable levels. It is meant to include compositions whereby the indicated material is present only as an impurity in one of the other materials deliberately included. The indicated material may be present, if at all, at a level of less than 1 %, or even less than 0.1%, or even more less than 0.01%, or even 0%, by weight of the composition. Generally, as used herein, the term "obtainable by” means that corresponding products do not necessarily have to be produced (i.e. obtained) by the corresponding method or process described in the respective specific context, but also products are comprised which exhibit all features of a product produced (obtained) by said corresponding method or process, wherein said products were actually not produced (obtained) by such method or process. However, the term "obtainable by” also comprises the more limiting term "obtained by”, i.e. products which were actually produced (obtained) by a method or process described in the respective specific context.

[0020] When used herein any definition requiring a compound or a substituent of a compound to consist of "at least a number of carbon atoms”, number of carbon atoms refers to the total number of carbon atoms in said compound or substituent of a compound. For example for a substituent disclosed as "alkyl ether with at least 8 carbon atoms comprising alkylene oxide groups”, the total number of at least 8 carbon atoms needs to be the sum of the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl moiety and the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene oxide moieties.

[0021] All such terms not specifically defined have their ordinary meaning as known in the field of organic chemistry.

[0022] As used herein, the articles "a” and "an” when used in a claim or an embodiment, are understood to mean one or more of what is claimed or described. As used herein, the terms "include(s)” and "including” are meant to be non-limiting, and thus encompass more than the specific item mentioned after those words.

[0023] The term "about” as used herein encompasses the exact number "X” mentioned as e.g. "about X%” etc., and small variations of X, including from minus 5 to plus 5 % deviation from X (with X for this calculation set to 100%), preferably from minus 2 to plus 2 %, more preferably from minus 1 to plus 1 %, even more preferably from minus 0.5 to plus 0.5 % and smaller variations. Of course if the value X given itself is already "100%” (such as for purity etc.) then the term "about” clearly can and thus does only mean deviations thereof which are smaller than "100”.

[0024] All temperatures herein are in degrees Celsius (°C) unless otherwise indicated. Unless otherwise specified, all measurements herein are conducted at 20°C and under the atmospheric pressure. In all embodiments of the present disclosure, all percentages are by weight of the total composition, unless specifically stated otherwise. All ratios are weight ratios, unless specifically stated otherwise.

[0025] Molecular weight descriptors Mw, Mn and polydispersity (PDI as polydispersity index) of the molecular weight; pH-value.

[0026] All percentages given are weight percentages based on the total weight of that composition, dispersion, feed, mixture etc., unless specifically defined otherwise; abbreviated as “wt%”. "Bio-degradable”, "biodegradation” with or without the addition of "as tested under standard conditions” mean the biodegradation and - if percentages are given such as "30% bio-degradation / bio-degradable” of the mentioned substance, compound or formulation, which has been determined using biodegradability tests according to OECD301 F (as used in the example section).

[0027] "Medium particle size” and the corresponding "medium particle size measurement” means the particle size D[4,3] as measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 in aqueous environment using standard methods and ingredients. The Mastersizer used for the present invention was equipped with a Hydro 2000S (a) as accessory, using water as dispersant, at a concentration of 0.0220 volume percent.

[0028] "Transmittance of 532nm-wavelength-light” means the transmittance measured with a wave length of 532 nm light using standard machines, such as preferably Hach Lange DR6000 spectrometer, compared to the transmittance of the standard, which usually is plain water suitable for such measurement, preferably being distilled or even bi-distilled water, at a concentration of 0.01 wt.% and a cuvette of 1 centimeter length of dispersion for the rays to pass through.

[0029] "Rainfastness” may be determined by methods as described in the experimental section below.

[0030] The pH value is determined at room temperature (23 °C) and atmospheric pressure.

[0031] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0032] The specific embodiments as described throughout this disclosure are encompassed by the present invention as part of this invention; the various further options being disclosed in this present specification as "optional”, "preferred”, "more preferred”, "even more preferred” or "most preferred” (or "preferably” etc.) options of a specific embodiment may be individually and independently (unless such independent selection is not possible by virtue of the nature of that feature or if such independent selection is explicitly excluded) selected and then combined within any of the other embodiments (where other such options and preferences can be also selected individually and independently unless such independent selection is not possible by virtue of the nature of that feature or if such independent selection is explicitly excluded), with each and any and all such possible combinations being included as part of this invention as individual embodiments.

[0033] Specifically, this invention relates to a method for improving rainfastness of an agrochemical active ingredient comprising applying to a plant surface a composition containing at least one agrochemical active ingredient and a rainfastness enhancing agent, the rainfastness enhancing agent comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion, obtainable by radical aqueous emulsion polymerization as indicated above. The rainfastness enhancing agent comprises an aqueous polymer dispersion, obtainable by radical aqueous emulsion polymerization of a mixture comprising a) ethylenically unsaturated monomers M, with M comprising

[0034] (1) at least one vinyl ester M1 , preferably comprising vinyl acetate, more preferably comprising vinyl acetate at least 50%, even more preferably at least 90%, and

[0035] (2) at least one (meth)acrylic acid ester M2 optionally comprising meth-acrylic acid as minor component, the (meth)acrylic acid in the meth-acrylic acid ester being bonded via an ether-function to a polyalkylene oxide-derived-block PAO, wherein the PAO consists of 2 to 40 alkylene oxide AO, most preferably 25 AO-units, with the PAO preferably being further linked via an ether-function to an 01 to C24, preferably at least 04, more preferably at least 06, even more preferably 08 to 024-ali phatic alkanol, most preferably a 018-aliphatic alkanol, with the AO being preferably selected from EO, PO and / or BuO, more preferably at least EO in an amount of from 50, more preferably at least 75, even more preferably at least 90 wt.% most preferably essentially only EO, based on total AO; preferably comprising methacrylic acid, more preferably with the methacrylic acid ester and the free methacrylic acid being in a ratio of from about 70 w% / 30w% to 80 w% / 20w%, more preferably about 75 w% / 25w%;

[0036] (3) optionally further monomers polymerizable with M1 and M2, preferably none; b) 1 to 15, preferably 2 to 10, more preferably 3 to 8, most preferably 4 to 6% by weight, based on the total weight of monomers M, of a carboxyl-groups-containing compound CGCC being selected from a compound bearing in its structure at least three, more preferably at least 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25 or more carboxyl-groups of which at least 10 and at most 90 percent are being deprotonated (thus forming salts with counter-ions; the counter-ions being selected from Na, K, NH4, Mg, Ca), selected from the group comprising citric acid, isocitric acid; ethylendiamintetraacetic acid; nitriloacetic acid; tartaric acid; oligomeric and poly-acrylic acid; oligomeric and poly methacrylic acid; trimelitic acid; oligomeric aminoacids with carboxy groups such as polyaspartic acid; oligomeric and poly-glutaminic acid; oligomeric and polyacetates with carboxygroups such as poly(glyoxalic)aldehyde; carboxylated oligomeric and polymeric saccharides such as oxidized starch (mixtures of amylopektines, amylose); polyglucuronates; cellulose oxidized to cellouronate; natural polycarboxylatic polysaccharide such as xylanes; pektines acid; alginic acid; carboxymethylated polysaccharides based on 1 , 4-poly g I ucanes, 1 ,3- polyglucanes, 1 ,6-polyglucanes; Poly-uronic acids based on 1 ,4-polyglucanes, 1 ,3-polyglucanes, 1 ,6- polyglucanes; polygalacturonic; preferably carboxylated polysaccharides, more preferably carboxylated cellulose, even more preferably carboxylated methylcellulose (carboxymethylcellulose, "CMC”); and c) at least one (non-carboxylated) sacharide and / or polysaccharide S, such as glucose, starch degradation products, maltodextrin, in an amount of 2 to 50, preferably 5 to 35, more preferably 10 to 30, most preferably 15 to 25 wt% based on the total weight of monomers M, d) at least one emulsifier selected from non-ionic and anionic surfactants, with

[0037] I) the at least one anionic surfactant preferably being selected from: anionic emulsifier bearing at least one anionic group, which is selected from phosphate, phosphonate, sulfate and sulfonate groups; the anionic emulsifier typically employed in the form of their alkali metal salts, especially of their sodium salts or in the form of their ammonium salts; preferably the anionic emulsifier bearing at least one sulfate or sulfonate group or at least one phosphate or phosphonate group, more preferably bearing at least one sulfonate or sulfate group, most preferably only one sulfonate or one sulfate group, i-a) with the anionic emulsifier bearing at least one sulfate or sulfonate group preferably being selected from

[0038] - the salts, especially the alkali metal and ammonium salts, of alkyl sulfates, especially of C8-C22- alkyl sulfates,

[0039] - the salts, especially the alkali metal and ammonium salts, of sulfuric monoesters of C2-C3- alkoxylated alkanols, especially of sulfuric monoesters of C2-C3-alkoxylated C8-C22-alkanols, preferably having an C2-C3-alkoxylation level (AO level) in the range from 2 to 40,

[0040] - the salts, especially the alkali metal and ammonium salts, of sulfuric monoesters of C2-C3- alkoxylated alkylphenols, especially of sulfuric monoesters of C2-C3-alkoxylated C4 018- alkylphenols (AO level preferably 3 to 40),

[0041] - the salts, especially the alkali metal and ammonium salts, of alkyl-sulfonic acids, especially of 08- 022-alkylsulfonic acids,

[0042] - the salts, especially the alkali metal and ammonium salts, of dialkyl esters, especially di-C4-C18- alkyl esters of sulfosuccinic acid,

[0043] - the salts, especially the alkali metal and ammonium salts, of alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, especially of C4-C22-alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, and

[0044] - the salts, especially the alkali metal and ammonium salts, of mono- or disulfonated, alkylsubstituted diphenyl ethers, for example of bis(phenylsulfonic acid) ethers bearing a 04-024-al kyl group on one or both aromatic rings; with the term "C2-C3-alkoxylated” meaning that the compounds are ethoxylated, propoxylated or co- ethoxylated / propoxylated, i.e. meaning that the respective compounds are obtained by a process which introduces a poly-ethylenoxide group, a polypropyleneoxide group or a poly(ethyleneoxide-co- propyleneoxide) group; i-b) With the anionic emulsifier bearing at least one phosphate or phosphonate group, preferably being selected from

[0045] - the salts, especially the alkali metal and ammonium salts, of mono- and dialkyl phosphates, especially C8-C22-alkyl phosphates,

[0046] - the salts, especially the alkali metal and ammonium salts, of phosphoric monoesters of C2-C3- alkoxylated alkanols, preferably having an alkoxylation level in the range from 2 to 40, especially in the range from 3 to 30, for example phosphoric monoesters of ethoxylated C8-C22-alkanols, preferably having an ethoxylation level (EO level) in the range from 2 to 40, phosphoric monoesters of propoxylated C8-C22-alkanols, preferably having a propoxylation level (PO level) in the range from 2 to 40, and phosphoric monoesters of ethoxylated-co-propoxylated C8-C22- alkanols, preferably having an ethoxylation level (EO level) in the range from 1 to 20 and a propoxylation level of 1 to 20,

[0047] - the salts, especially the alkali metal and ammonium salts, of phosphoric monoesters of C2-C3- alkoxylated alkylphenols, especially phosphoric monoesters of C2-C3-alkoxylated C4-C18- alkylphenols (AO level preferably 3 to 40),

[0048] - the salts, especially the alkali metal and ammonium salts, of alkylphosphonic acids, especially C8-C22-alkylphosphonic acids and

[0049] - the salts, especially the alkali metal and ammonium salts, of alkylbenzenephosphonic acids, especially C4-C22-alkylbenzenephosphonic acids; with the more preferred anionic emulsifiers being selected from the following groups:

[0050] - the salts, especially the alkali metal and ammonium salts, of alkyl sulfates, especially of 08-022- alkyl sulfates,

[0051] - the salts, especially the alkali metal salts, of sulfuric monoesters of C2-C3-alkoxylated alkanols, especially of sulfuric monoesters of C2-C3-alkoxylated C8-C22-alkanols, preferably having an AO level in the range from 2 to 40,

[0052] - of sulfuric monoesters of C2-C3-alkoxylated alkylphenols, especially of sulfuric monoesters of C2-C3-alkoxylated 04-018-alkylphenols (AO level preferably 3 to 40),

[0053] - of alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, especially of C4-C22-alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, and

[0054] - of mono- or disulfonated, al ky I -substituted diphenyl ethers, for example of bis(pheny Isu Ifon ic acid) ethers bearing a C4-C24-alkyl group on one or both aromatic rings;

[0055] II) the at least one non-ionic surfactant being selected from: nonionic emulsifiers are e.g. ar-aliphatic or aliphatic nonionic emulsifiers, selected from

[0056] - C2-C3-alkoxylated mono-, di- and trialkylphenols, with the number of repeating units of the alkylene oxide-derived moiety being preferably 3 to 50, and / or the alkyl radical being preferably C4-C10-alkyl;

[0057] - C2-C3-alkyoxlates, such as ethoxylates, propoxylates or ethoxylate-co-propoxylates, of long- chain alcohols with the number of repeating units of the alkylene oxide-derived moiety being preferably 3 to 100, and / or the alkyl radical being preferably C8-C36-alkyl, and

[0058] - polyethylene oxide / polypropylene oxide homo- and copolymers, which may comprise the alkylene oxide units copolymerized in random distribution or in the form of blocks or mixtures of homo-blocks and random-blocks, more preferably C2-C3-alkoxylated of long-chain alkanols, in particular to those where the alkyl radical C8 C30 having a mean alkoxylation level of 5 to 100 and, among these, particular preference to those having a linear C12-C20 alkyl radical and a mean alkoxylation level of 10 to 50, and also to C2-C3-alkoxylated monoalkylphenols; e) optionally sulfate ions, and f) optionally sulfite ions, wherein - preferably - the amount of M1 is from 80 to 99.99 mol%, more preferably the amount of M1 being at least 98%, and the amount of M2 is from 0.01 to 20 mole%, more preferably from 0.1 , even more preferably from 0.2, even more preferably from 0.5, and most preferably from 0.7, and preferably at most 10, even more preferably at most 5, more preferably at most 2%, and most preferably the amount of M1 being about 99 weight percent and the amount of M2 being about 1 weight percent, the total amount of M1 plus M2 being 100 weight percent, and wherein the dispersion has - after the end of the polymerization - a pH of up to 4, more preferably below 4, even more preferably at most 3.8, even more preferably at most 3.6, and more preferably at least 2.5, even more preferably at least 3, even more preferably at least 3.2, and most preferably at least 3.4.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the vinyl ester M1 monomer comprises vinyl acetate with at least 50%, even more preferably at least 90% based on the total molar amount of vinyl esters.

[0060] In another preferred embodiment, the least one (meth)acrylic acid ester M2 is a (meth)acrylic acid being bonded via an ether-function to a polyalkylene oxide-derived-block PAO, wherein the PAO consists of 20 to 30 alkylene oxide AO, most preferably 25 AO-units, with the PAO preferably being further linked via an ether-function to an C14 to C22 -aliphatic alkanol, most preferably a C16 / 18-aliphatic alkanol, with the AO being selected from EO and PO and / or BuO, more preferably EO and PO, with the EO in an amount of from 75, even more preferably at least 90 wt.%, most preferably essentially only EO, based on total AO; further comprising methacrylic acid, with the methacrylic acid ester and the free methacrylic acid being in a ratio of from about 70 w% / 30w% to 80 w% / 20w%, more preferably about 75 w% / 25w%.

[0061] In a further preferred embodiment, M3 is not comprised.

[0062] In an even more preferred embodiment, in the aqueous polymer dispersion as defined before, the vinyl ester M1 monomer comprises vinyl acetate with at least 50%, even more preferably at least 90% based on the total molar amount of vinyl esters, the least one (meth)acrylic acid ester M2 is a (meth)acrylic acid being bonded via an ether-function to a polyalkylene oxide-derived-block PAO, wherein the PAO consists of 20 to 30 alkylene oxide AO, most preferably 25 AO-units, with the PAO preferably being further linked via an ether-function to an C14 to C22 -aliphatic alkanol, most preferably a C16 / 18-aliphatic alkanol, with the AO being selected from EO and PO and / or BuO, more preferably EO and PO, with the EO in an amount of from 75, even more preferably at least 90 wt.%, most preferably essentially only EO, based on total AO; further comprising methacrylic acid, with the methacrylic acid ester and the free methacrylic acid being in a ratio of from about 70 w% / 30w% to 80 w% / 20w%, more preferably about 75 w% / 25w%, and M3 is not comprised.

[0063] In a further more preferred embodiment, the vinyl ester M1 monomer comprises vinyl acetate with at least 90% based on the total molar amount of vinyl esters, preferably essentially only vinyl acetate, and the least one (meth)acrylic acid ester M2 is a (meth)acrylic acid being bonded via an ether-function to a polyalkylene oxide-derived-block PAO, wherein the PAO consists of 23 to 27 alkylene oxide AO, most preferably on average 25 AO-units, with the PAO preferably being further linked via an ether-function to essentially C16 / 18 -aliphatic alkanol, most preferably a C16 / 18-aliphatic alkanol, with the AO being essentially only EO; further comprising methacrylic acid, with the methacrylic acid ester and the free methacrylic acid being in a ratio of from about 70 w% / 30w% to 80 w% / 20w%, more preferably about 75 w% / 25w%, and M3 is not present.

[0064] In a further more preferred embodiment, M1 is vinyl acetate, and the least one (meth)acrylic acid ester M2 is a methacrylic acid being bonded via an ether-function to a polyethylene oxide block PEO, wherein the PEO consists of on average 25 AO-units, with the PEO being further linked via an ether-function to a 016 / 18- aliphatic alkanol, further comprising methacrylic acid, with the methacrylic acid ester and the free methacrylic acid being in a ratio of about 75 w% / 25w%, and M3 is not present.

[0065] In a further more preferred embodiment, and preferably in combination with any of the embodiments before, the aqueous dispersion comprises as the CGCC a carboxyl-groups-containing compound being selected from carboxylated polysaccharides, more preferably carboxylated cellulose, even more preferably carboxylated methylcellulose (carboxymethylcellulose, "CMC”), preferably in amounts of from 1 weight % up to 15 weight percent, more preferably up to 10, even more preferably up to 5 wt% and most preferably about 5 weight percent based on the total amount of monomers M1 +M2+M3.

[0066] It is believed that the CGCC is able to interact with the polymerized moiety derived from the at least one monomer M2 within the polymer product which is dispersed within the dispersion. By such interaction, an excellent compatibility and stability of the dispersion seems to result; also, such interactions favors the attack at the chemical structure and thus provides the high biodegradation percentage of the aqueous polymer dispersion observed, which is higher than dispersions not containing a carboxyl-groups-containing compound CGCC.

[0067] In one further preferred embodiment, and preferably in combination with any of the embodiments before, the aqueous polymer dispersion comprises at least one saccharide and / or polysaccharide S which is a starch degradation product, preferably a maltodextrin, in an amount of 10 to 30, most preferably 15 to 25 wt% based on the total weight of monomers M. In a preferred embodiment, S is a degraded starch having a dextrose equivalent according to Lane and

[0068] Eynon in the range from 2 to 40%.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, S is maltodextrin with a DE-value of from 10 to 30, preferably 12 to 16 or 25 to 30.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, S is a degraded starch having a number average molecular weight in the range from 300 to 2000 Dalton, as determined by osmometry, and preferably in a range of from 5 to 150, more preferably up to 70, even more preferably up to 50, and more preferably from 10, even more preferably from 15, and most preferably from 20, each in weight percent based on the total weight of monomers M1 +M2+M3.

[0071] Such degraded starches can be obtained by known means, such as chemical degradation, catalytic degradation with suitable catalysts or using enzymes. It is preferred herein, that S stems from an enzymatic degradation as this is a clean and fast approach with basically no chemical residues from the degradation reaction within the degradation products (besides starch and sugars from the starch).

[0072] The use of maltodextrin additionally provides an increased stability at lower temperature of storage for the inventive dispersions.

[0073] Preferably, the dispersed polymer particles of the aqueous polymer dispersions of this invention have a D[4,3] value as determined by static light scattering of 100 to 1000 nm, preferably 100 to 700 nm, more preferably 100 to 500 nm.

[0074] The aqueous polymer dispersions of any of the embodiments disclosed herein preferably have at least one of the following properties a) to d), preferably at least two, more preferably at least three, and most preferably all of the hereinafter defined properties: a) a transmittance of 532nm-wavelength-light of at least 20% when measured as a 0.01wt% dispersion in water, b) a pH of in between 2.5 and 9, preferably from 3, more preferably from 3.3, and more preferably up to 7, even more preferably up to 6, even more preferably up to 5, and most preferably about 3.5; c) a density of from 1.04 to 1.08 g / mL measured as 10wt.%-dispersion (based on solid content), and d) a viscosity of from 30 to 1000 mPas (Brookfield viscosity, spindle 3; measured as 30 wt.%-dispersion containing 30 wt.% active (active = polymer plus CGCC plus S); based on solid content; concentration as applicable by measurement). According to a particular embodiment, the composition comprises at least 0.01 % by weight, preferably at least 0.025% by weight, and in particular at least 0.05% by weight of the aqueous polymer dispersion, calculated as the solids content thereof.

[0075] According to a further particular embodiment, the composition comprises at most 20% by weight, preferably at most 10% by weight, and in particular at most 5% by weight of the aqueous polymer dispersion, calculated as the solids content thereof.

[0076] In general, the compositions comprise from 0.005% by weight to 95% by weight, preferably from 0.01 % by weight to 90% by weight, in particular from 0.1 or 0.5% by weight to 50% by weight, of the active ingredient. Preferably, the active ingredients are employed in a purity of 90% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum).

[0077] In one embodiment, the composition comprises at least 0.005% by weight, preferably at least 0.01 % by weight, and in particular at least 0.025% by weight of the agrochemical active ingredient, calculated as the solids content thereof.

[0078] According to a further embodiment, the composition comprises at most 8% by weight, preferably at most 5% by weight, and in particular at most 2% by weight of the aqueous polymer dispersion, calculated as the solids content thereof.

[0079] According to one aspect, the weight ratio of the aqueous polymer dispersion, calculated as the solids content thereof, to solid active ingredient(s) is at least 0.01 :1 , preferably at least 0.05: 1 , and in particular at least 0.1 : 1.

[0080] According to another aspect, the weight ratio of the aqueous polymer dispersion, calculated as the solids content thereof, to the solid ingredient(s) is at most 4:1 , preferably at most 1 :1 , and in particular at most 0.5: 1.

[0081] The composition typically comprises water in an amount to form a continuous phase in dissolved, suspended and / or emulsified form. Water introduced with the aqueous polymer dispersion contributes to the water in the composition.

[0082] In one embodiment, the composition comprises

[0083] (a) from 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 10% by weight such as 0.025 to 8% by weight and in particular from 0.05 to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of the aqueous polymer dispersion, calculated as the solids content thereof; (b) from 0.005 to 8% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 5% by weight and in particular from 0.025 to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of the at least one agrochemical active ingredient; and

[0084] (c) water ad 100% by weight.

[0085] The aqueous polymer dispersions used herein may be obtained, e.g., in large-scale production, by a process comprising:

[0086] (A) polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers M, with M comprising at least one vinyl ester M 1 , preferably comprising vinyl acetate, more preferably comprising vinyl acetate at least 50%, even more preferably at least 90%, and at least one (meth)acrylic acid ester M2, optionally comprising meth-acrylic acid as minor component, the (meth)acrylic acid in the meth-acrylic acid ester being bonded via an ether-function to a polyalkylene oxide-derived-block PAO, wherein the PAO consists of 2 to 40 alkylene oxide AO, most preferably 25 AO-units, with the PAO preferably being further linked via an ether-function to an C1 to C24, preferably at least C4, more preferably at least C6, even more preferably C8 to 024-aliphatic alkanol, most preferably a 018-aliphatic alkanol, with the AO being preferably selected from EO, PO and / or BuO, more preferably at least EO in an amount of from 50, more preferably at least 75, even more preferably at least 90 wt.% most preferably essentially only EO, based on total AO; preferably comprising methacrylic acid, more preferably with the methacrylic acid ester and the free methacrylic acid being in a ratio of from about 70 w% / 30w% to 80 w% / 20w%, more preferably about 75 w% / 25w%; and optionally further monomers M3 polymerizable with M1 and M2, preferably none; in the presence of

[0087] - at least one emulsifier,

[0088] - water,

[0089] - 1 to 15, preferably 2 to 10, more preferably 3 to 8, most preferably 4 to 6% by weight, based on the total weight of monomers M, of a carboxyl-groups-containing compound CGCC being selected from a compound bearing in its structure at least three, more preferably at least 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25 or more carboxyl-groups of which at least 10 and at most 90 percent are being deprotonated (thus forming salts with counter-ions; the counter-ions being selected from Na, K, NH4, Mg, Ca), selected from the group comprising citric acid, isocitric acid; ethylendiamintetraacetic acid; nitriloacetic acid; tartaric acid; oligomeric and polyacrylic acid; oligomeric and poly methacrylic acid; trimelitic acid; oligomeric aminoacids with carboxy groups such as polyaspartic acid; oligomeric and poly-glutaminic acid; oligomeric and polyacetates with carboxygroups such as poly(glyoxalic)aldehyde; carboxylated oligomeric and polymeric saccharides such as oxidized starch (mixtures of amylopektines, amylose); polyglucuronates; cellulose oxidized to cellouronate; natural polycarboxylatic polysaccharide such as xylanes; pektines acid; alginic acid; carboxymethylated polysaccharides based on 1 , 4-poly g I ucanes, 1 ,3- polyglucanes, 1 ,6-polyglucanes; poly-uronic acids based on 1 ,4-polyglucanes, 1 ,3-polyglucanes, 1 ,6- polyglucanes; polygalacturonic; preferably carboxylated polysaccharides, more preferably carboxylated cellulose, even more preferably carboxylated methylcellulose (carboxymethylcellulose, "CMC”); and

[0090] - at least one (non-carboxylated) saccharide and / or polysaccharide S, such as glucose, starch degradation products, maltodextrin, in an amount of 2 to 50, preferably 5 to 35, more preferably 10 to 30, most preferably 15 to 25 wt% based on the total weight of monomers M, with the use of at least one radical initiator or a radical initiator couple, such couple preferably comprising a peroxide and a reducing compound; such polymerization being performed

[0091] - in a reaction container equipped with either pressurized equipment and / or equipment to control boiling of the ingredients and with such measure(s) being able to contain the ingredients within the reaction container during the reaction at elevated temperature;

[0092] - at a temperature of from 60 to 90, preferably 70 to 80 °C;

[0093] - at a pH of up to 4, more preferably below 4, even more preferably at most 3.8, even more preferably at most 3.6; with

[0094] (B) optionally adding further radical initiator or initiator couple to further reduce the content of the unreacted monomers and / or to reduce the color of the to be obtained polymer dispersion;

[0095] (C) optionally adding at least one further reducing compound to reduce the color of the to be obtained polymer dispersion,

[0096] (D) optionally adding at least one further additive that might be needed or desired as additional ingredient within the to be obtained polymer dispersion;

[0097] (E) optionally performing a step of removing evaporable compounds from the reaction mixture by employing a distillation step and / or a stripping step using steam or a gas, preferably steam;

[0098] (F) optionally performing a step of filtrating the polymer dispersion from the previous step, preferably using a 125 micrometer filter; to obtain the aqueous polymer dispersion.

[0099] As a result of the polymerization reaction, the aqueous dispersion may contain sulfite and / or sulfate ions. Those arise mainly from the use of persulfate-radical initiators.

[0100] During the polymerization, the pH-value of the mixture typically decreases due to the formation of acid from the use of the persulfate-initiators. In principle, this decrease of pH can be minimized by adding a base. However, the use of a base is not preferred. The amount of coagulates typically increases the more base is added as the amount of electrolytes increases.

[0101] In preferred embodiment, for the main polymerization step at least one persulfate as radical polymerization initiator and ascorbic acid and / or iso-ascorbic acid are employed. In preferred embodiment, and preferably in combination with any of the embodiments before, the radical polymerization initiator additionally comprises a transition metal, preferably an iron-containing salt. In the most preferred embodiment, no transition metal is employed. Iron-containing salt are typically complexes of iron-cations, such as complexes with EDTA and the like. Such complexes are known for such applications in combination with persulfate-radical initiators.

[0102] In preferred embodiment, and preferably in combination with any of the embodiments before, in the post polymerization step at least one hydroperoxide and at least one sulfite salt are employed.

[0103] In preferred embodiment, and preferably in combination with any of the embodiments before, at least 5% of the total amount of the hydroperoxide being added in the post polymerization step is added after the end of the addition of the sulfite.

[0104] In preferred embodiment, and preferably in combination with any of the embodiments before, volatile components are removed using steam distillation, thermal distillation, vacuum distillation, gas stripping, to reduce and preferably essentially remove remaining amounts of monomer(s) M1 , and reaction by-products, to a level which is a required level or an acceptable level for the intended area of application, such step being performed at ambient, reduced or over-pressure of at most 2 bar absolute pressure, to reduce the content of the organic solvent(s), residual volatile monomers such as vinyl esters, to a content of at most 1 weight percent, preferably at most 0.5, more preferably at most 0.01 percent, based on the total weight of the polymer dispersion obtained.

[0105] In preferred embodiment, and preferably in combination with any of the embodiments before, the dispersion finally obtained after the last process step to polymerize and - if employed - to purify is filtered to remove polymer agglomerates of sizes beyond 125 micrometer.

[0106] The aqueous polymer dispersion is suitably biodegradable. Biodegradable materials are broken down by microorganisms, generally in the presence of oxygen (aerobic decomposition), to carbon dioxide, water, biomass and minerals. Biodegradability in terms of the present invention is as determined with one of the methods defined by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) in the "Background Document to RAC and SEAC Opinions on Intentionally Added Microplastics'' of 11 June 2020, section 2.2.1.6, table 22.

[0107] The composition further contains at least one agrochemical active ingredient.

[0108] Preferably, the active ingredient is selected from plant protection active agents (pesticides). Such an agent has the purpose or effect of preventing infection of a plant by any pest or of repelling, deterring or destroying the pest or of reducing in another way the damage caused by it. Plant pests can belong to different groups of organisms; the higher animals, in particular insects and acarids, include numerous important pests, as do nematodes and snails; vertebrates, such as mammals and birds, are today of secondary importance in industrialized countries. Numerous groups of microbes, including fungi, bacteria, inclusive of mycoplasmas, viruses and viroids, comprise pests, and even weeds, which compete with useful plants for limited habitat and other resources, can be classed as pests in the broad sense. Pesticides comprise in particular avicides, acaricides, desiccants, bactericides, chemosterilants, defoliants, antifeedants, fungicides, herbicides, herbicide safeners, insect attractants, insecticides, insect repellents, molluscicides, nematicides, mating disrupters, plant activators, plant growth regulators, rodenticides, mammal repellents, synergists, bird repellents and virucides. In one embodiment, the active ingredient is selected from fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides.

[0109] Suitable insecticides are found among the following list M of pesticides, grouped according the Mode of Action Classification of the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC):

[0110] M.1 AChE inhibitors: aldicarb, alanycarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb, triazamate; acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphosmethyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifosmethyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos / DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton- methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon, vamidothion;

[0111] M.2. GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists: cyclodiene organochlorine compounds: endosulfan, chlordane; phenylpyrazoles: ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, pyrafluprole, pyriprole;

[0112] M.3 Sodium channel modulators: pyrethroids: acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cylclopentenyl, bio-resmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha- cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, meperfluthrin.metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin; sodium channel modulators, e.g.: DDT, methoxychlor;

[0113] M.4 nAChR agonists: neonicotinoids: acetamiprid, clothianidin, cycloxaprid, dinotefuran, im-idacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam; 4,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1-(2-oxiranylmethyl)-1 H-imidazol-2-amine, (2E- )-1-[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N'-nitro-2-pentylidenehydrazinecarboximidamide; 1-[(6-Chloropyridin-3- y l)methy l]-7-methy I -8-nitro-5-propoxy- 1 , 2, 3,5, 6, 7-hexahy d roi midazo [ 1 , 2-a] py ridi ne; nicotine; sulfoxaflor; flupyradifurone; triflumezopyrim, fenmezoditiaz, flupyrimin, 1-[(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-(3,5- dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2, 4-dione;

[0114] M.5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators:spinosyns, e.g. spinosad or spineto-ram;

[0115] M.6 Chloride channel activators from the class of avermectins and milbemycins, e.g. abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin, or milbemectin;

[0116] M.7 Juvenile hormone mimics, such as hydroprene, kino-prene, methoprene; fenoxycarb, or pyriproxyfen; M.8 miscellaneous multi-site inhibitors: CHaBr, other alkyl halides, chloropicrin, sulfuryl fluoride, borax, tartar emetic;

[0117] M.9 Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators: afidopyropen, pymetrozine; pyrifluquinazon;

[0118] M.10 Mite growth inhibitors: clofentezine, hexythiazox, diflovidazin, etoxazole;

[0119] M.11 Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes: bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus sphaericus, and insecticdal proteins they produce e.g.: bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, bacillus sphaericus, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, Bt crop proteins: Cry1 Ab, CrylAc, Cry1 Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34 / 35Ab1; M.12 Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase: diafenthiuron, organotin miticides, e.g.: azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, propargite, tetradifon;

[0120] M.13 Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient: chlorfenapyr, DNOC, sulfluramid;

[0121] M.14 nAChR channel blockers: nereistoxin analogues bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thio-cyclam, thiosultap-sodium;

[0122] M.15 Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 0, e.g.: bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, difluben-zuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron; M.16 Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1 : buprofezin;

[0123] M.17 Moulting disruptors: Dipteran, cyromazine;

[0124] M.18 Ecdyson receptor agonists, e.g.: methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufeno-zide, chromafenozide;

[0125] M.19 Octopamin receptor agonists: amitraz;

[0126] M.20 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors: hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim; bifenazate;

[0127] M.21 METI acaricides and insecticides, e.g.: fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyrida-ben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, rotenone;

[0128] M.22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers: indoxacarb, metaflumizone, 2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]_,ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide, N-(3-chloro-2- methyhphenyl)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)[4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]"imethylene]- hydrazinecarboxamide, N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2- pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, 2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide; M.23 Inhibitors of the of acetyl CoA carboxylase, e.g.: spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat; spiropidion; spirobudifen, 11 -(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1 ,4-dioxa-9- azadispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradec-11 -en-10-one, spidoxamat;

[0129] M.24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors: e.g. aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, zinc phosphide, cyanide;

[0130] M.25 Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, e.g.: cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, cyetpyrafen, pyflubumide;

[0131] M.28 Ryanodine receptor-modulators: chlonantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, flubendiamide, fluchlordiniliprole, (R)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1 ,2,2,2- tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1- methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid, (S)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1- (trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, methyl-2-[3,5-dibromo-2- ({[3-bromo-1-(3-chlorpyridin-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}_,amino)benzoyl]-1 ,2-dimethyl hydrazinecarboxylate; N-[2-(5-amino-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methyl_,phenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2- pyridinyl)-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; 3-chloro-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-[[(1-cyano-1- methylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; tetrachlorantraniliprole; tetraniliprole; tiorantraniliprole; N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1 , 1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2- py rid I ny l)-3-(fl uoromethoxy)-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; cyhalodiamide; N-[2-(5-amino-1 , 3,4-thi adi azol -2- yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, pixoaniliprole; M.29: Chordotonal organ Modulators: flonicamid;

[0132] M.30: broflanilide; fluxametamide, isocycloseram, piperflanilide;

[0133] M.33 acynonapyr;

[0134] M.UN. Unknown mode of action: afoxolaner, azadirachtin, amidoflumet, ben-zoximate, bromopropylate, chinoTnethionat, cryolite, cyproflanilid, dicloromezotiaz, dicofol, dimpropyridaz, flufenerim, flometoquin, fluensulfone, fluhexafon, fluopyram, fluralaner, metaldehyde, metoxadiazone, mivorilaner, modoflaner, piperonyl butoxide, pyridalyl, tioxazafen, trifluenfuronate, umifoxolaner, 11 -(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)- 12-hydroxy-1 ,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]-tetradec-11 -en-10-one, 3-(4'-fluoro-2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)- 4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[[2,6-dibromo-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3- hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide, 4-cyano-3-[(4- cyano-2-methyl-benzoyl)amino]-N-[2,6-dichloro-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]- 2-fluoro-benzamide, N-[5-[[[2-chloro-6-cyano-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1- (trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide, N-[5-[[[2- bromo-6-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-cyano- phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide, N-[5-[[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1- (trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide, 4-cyano-N- [2-cyano-5-[[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1- (trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide, 1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazole-5-amine, N-[5-[[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4- [1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl- benzamide, 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoro- methyl)ethyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide, actives on basis of bacillus firmus (Votivo, 1-1582); fluazaindolizine; 5-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenoxy]propoxy]-1 H-pyrazole; N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1 , 2,2,3, 3J3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)-propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cy ano- phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide; 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1- (trifluoromethyl)-propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide; 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-di- chloro-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]_,phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide; N-[5- [[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carba_,moyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4- cyano-2-methyl-benzamide;

[0135] 2-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-pyridine; 2-[6-[2-(5-fluoro-3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazo_,lyl]-2- pyridinyl]-pyrimidine; 2-[6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine; N-methylsul_'fonyl-6-[2-(3- pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide; N-methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2- carboxamide; 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1 ,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-5-methoxy-7-methyl-8-nitro- imidazo[1 , 2-a] py ridi ne; 1 -[(6-ch loropy rid i n-3-y I )methyl]-7-methy I -8-ni tro- 1 , 2, 3,5, 6, 7-hexahyd roi m idazo[1 ,2- a]pyridin-5-ol; N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)[4- [methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide; 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]- 1 ,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-5-methoxy-7-methyl-8-nitro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine; 2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-(2- pyrimidinylmethyl )-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; tyclopyrazoflor; sarolaner, lotilaner; N-[4-chloro-3- [[(phenylmethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(1 ,1 ,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- pyrazole-5-carboxamide; N-[4-chloro-3-[[(phenylmethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(1 , 1 , 2,2,2- pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)-3-methyl-6- (tri-fluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-3-methyl-6- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine; N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1 , 1, 2,2,2- pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide, N-[4-chloro-3-[(1- cyanocyclopropyl)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1 , 1 ,2,2, 2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3- carboxamide; benzpyrimoxan; tigolaner; oxazosulfyl; [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4- propoxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl] N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl] N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-propoxy- tetrahydropyran-2-yl] N-[4-[1-[4-(1 ,1 ,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl] N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1 ,2,2,2- pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; (2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one, (2Z)-3-(2- isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(1 ,1 ,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phe- nyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one, (2Z)-3-(2-isopro_|pyhphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(1, 1,2,2, 2-pen- tafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one; 2-(6-chloro-3- ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(6-bromo-3- ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(3- ethylsulfonyl-6-iodo-imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(7- chloro-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(7- chloro-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(3- ethylsulfonyl-7-iodo-imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 3- ethylsulfonyl-6-iodo-2-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridine-8- carbonitrile, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-8-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoro- methyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6- (trifluoromethylsulfinyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-2- yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine, 2-(6-bromo-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-2- yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine; N-[[2-fluoro-4-[(2S,3S)-2-hydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide; sulfiflumin; flupentiofenox, N-[3- ch loro- 1 - (3-py r idy l)py r azol -4-yl] -2-methy I sulfony l-propan amide, cyclobu trifl u ram ; N-[4-chloro-3-[(1 - cyanocyclopropyl)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-4-methylsulfonyl-5-(1 , 1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)pyrazole-3- carboxamide, cyproflanilide, nicofluprole; 1 ,4-dimethyl-2-[2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2h-indazol-5-yl]-1 ,2,4-triazolidine- 3, 5-dione, indazapyroxamet, N-[4-chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N-ethyl-3-methylsulfonyl-propanamide, N-cyclopropyl-5-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]isoquinoline-8- carboxamide, 5-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]-N-(pyrimidin-2- ylmethyl)isoquinoline-8-carboxamide, N-[1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, 5-((1 R,3R)-3-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropane-1-carboxamido)-2-chloro-N-(3-(2,2- difluoroacetamido)-2,4-difluorophenyl)benzamide, 1-[6-(2,2-difluoro-7-methyl-[1 ,3]dioxolo[4,5- f]benzimidazol-6-yl)-5-ethylsulfonyl-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile, 6-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfonyl-2- py ridy l)-2,2-difluoro-7-methy l-[1 , 3]d i oxolo [4, 5-f] benzi m idazole, Ledprona. Flupyroxystrobin, 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)-N-[(1 S)-1-[1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]-1 H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl]ethyl]-benzamide, 2- (3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)-5-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy)pyrazine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-6- (trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 9- (methoxymethyl)-5-(3-pyridyl)-2-oxa-5,6,9,14-tetrazatricyclo[8.4.0.0A{3,7}]tetradeca-1 (10), 3, 6, 11 ,13- pentaen-8-one, bisulfufen, 2-[5-[(E)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-prop-1-enyl]-1-methyl-imidazol-2-yl]-5- cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfonyl-pyridine, 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)- 1 ,3-benzoxazole, isoflualanam.

[0136] The commercially available compounds M listed above may be found in The Pesticide Man-ual, 18th Edition, C. MacBean, British Crop Protection Council (2018), or http: / / bcpcdata.com / pesticide- manual.html, http: / / www.alanwood.net / pesticides.

[0137] The active compounds described by IUPAC nomenclature are known from CN 103814937;

[0138] WC2013 / 003977, WC2007 / 101369, WC2018 / 177970, CN10171577, CN102126994, WC2007 / 101540, WC2007 / 043677, WC2011 / 085575, WC2008 / 134969, WC2012 / 034403, WC2006 / 089633, WC2008 / 067911, WC2006 / 043635, WC2009 / 124707, WC2013 / 050317, WC2010 / 060379, WC2010 / 127926, WC2010 / 006713, WC2012 / 000896, WC2007 / 101369, WC2012 / 143317, WC2015 / 038503, EP2910126, WC2015 / 059039, WC2015 / 190316, WC2012 / 126766, WC2009 / 102736, WO2013 / 116053, WO2018 / 052136, WO2015150252, W02020055955, WO2021158455,

[0139] WO2013092350, WO201811111, EP3608311 , WO2019236274, WO2013092350, WO 2018052136, W02009102736, WO2016174049, WO2012126766, CN106554335, WO2017054524, CN105153113, W02022072650; WO2018071327, WO2022101502, WO2012158396, W02007079162, W02020013147, W02020097414, EP242081, WO2023058748, WO2017065228, EP3428166, W02021029308, W02022009058, W02017067500, W02020090585, WO2017146226, WO2021043115, WO2023016278.

[0140] Suitable herbicides include herbicides B of class b1) to b15): b1) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors; b2) acetolactate synthase inhibitors (ALS inhibitors); b3) photosynthesis inhibitors; b4) protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase inhibitors, b5) bleacher herbicides; b6) enolpyruvyl shikimate 3-phosphate synthase inhibitors (EPSP inhibitors); b7) glutamine synthetase inhibitors; b8) 7,8-dihydropteroate synthase inhibitors (DHP inhibitors); b9) mitosis inhibitors; b10) inhibitors of the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA inhibitors); b11) cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors; b12) decoupler herbicides; b13) auxinic herbicides; b14) auxin transport inhibitors; and b15) other herbicides selected from the group consisting of bromobutide, chlorflurenol, chlorflurenol-methyl, cinmethylin, cumyluron, dalapon, dazomet, difenzoquat, difenzoquat- metilsulfate, dimethipin, DSMA, dymron, endothal and its salts, etobenzanid, flamprop, flamprop-isopropyl, flamprop-methyl, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, flurprimidol, fosamine, fosamine-ammonium, indanofan, indaziflam, maleic hydrazide, mefluidide, metam, methiozolin, methyl azide, methyl bromide, methyl-dymron, methyl iodide, MSMA, oleic acid, oxaziclomefone, pelargonic acid, pyributicarb, quinoclamine, tetflupyrolimet, triaziflam, tridiphane and 6-chloro-3-(2-cyclopropyl-6- methylphenoxy)-4-pyridazinol (CAS 499223-49-3) and its salts and esters, 6-chloro-4-(2,7- dimethyl- 1 -n aph thy l)-5-hy d roxy-2-methy l-py r id azi n-3-one (CAS 2414510-21-5)

[0141] Examples of suitable herbicides B invention include: b1) from the group of the lipid biosynthesis inhibitors:

[0142] ACC-herbicides such as alloxydim, alloxydim-sodium, butroxydim, clethodim, clodinafop, clodinafop- propargyl, cycloxydim, cyhalofop, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fluazifop, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-P-methyl, metamifop, pinoxaden, profoxydim, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-tefuryl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim,

[0143] 4-(4'-Chloro-4-cyclopropyl-2'-fluoro[1JT-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-2J2,6J6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one (CAS 1312337-72-6); 4-(2',4'-Dichloro-4-cyclopropyl[1JT-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-2,2J6,6-tetramethyl-2H- pyran-3(6H)-one (CAS 1312337-45-3); 4-(4'-Chloro-4-ethyl-2'-fluoro[1,T-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-2, 2,6,6- tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one (CAS 1033757-93-5); 4-(2',4'-Dichloro-4-ethyl[1,T-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2, 2,6,6- tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3,5(4H,6H)-dione (CAS 1312340-84-3); 5-(Acetyloxy)-4-(4'-chloro-4-cyclopropyl-2'- fluoro[1,T-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3-one (CAS 1312337-48-6); 5- (Acetyloxy)-4-(2',4'-dichloro-4-cyclopropyl- [1, T-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-

[0144] 3-one; 5-(Acetyloxy)-4-(4'-chloro-4-ethyl-2'-fluoro[1,T-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H- pyran-3-one (CAS 1312340-82-1); 5-(Acetyloxy)-4-(2',4'-dichloro-4-ethyl[1 ,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3,6-dihydro-

[0145] 2.2.6.6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3-one (CAS 1033760-55-2); 4-(4'-Chloro-4-cyclopropyl-2'-fluoro[1,T- biphenyl]-3-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-5-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl carbonic acid methyl ester (CAS 1312337-51-1); 4-(2',4'-Dichloro -4-cyclopropyl- [1 ,T-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-5-oxo- 2H-pyran-3-yl carbonic acid methyl ester; 4-(4'-Chloro-4-ethyl-2'-fluoro[1, -biphenyl]-3-yl)-5,6-dihydro-

[0146] 2.2.6.6-tetramethyl-5-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl carbonic acid methyl ester (CAS 1312340-83-2); 4-(2',4'-Dichloro-

[0147] 4-ethyl[1,T-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-5-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl carbonic acid methyl ester (CAS 1033760-58-5); and non ACC herbicides such as benfuresate, butylate, cycloate, dalapon, dimepiperate, EPTC, esprocarb, ethofumesate, flupropanate, molinate, orbencarb, pebulate, prosulfocarb, TCA, thiobencarb, tiocarbazil, triallate and vernolate; b2) from the group of the ALS inhibitors: sulfonylureas such as amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, iofensulfuron, iofensulfuron-sodium, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, orthosulfamuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, propyrisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl and tritosulfuron, imidazolinones such as imazamethabenz, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin and imazethapyr, triazolopyrimidine herbicides and sulfonanilides such as cloransulam, cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, flumetsulam, florasulam, metosulam, penoxsulam, pyrimisulfan and pyroxsulam, pyrimidinylbenzoates such as bispyribac, bispyribac-sodium, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, 4-[[[2-[(4,6-dimethoxy-2- pyrimidinyl)oxy]phenyl]methyl]amino]-benzoic acid-1 -methylethyl ester (CAS 420138-41-6), 4-[[[2-[(4,6- dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]phenyl]methyl]amino]-benzoic acid propyl ester (CAS 420138-40-5), N-(4- bromophenyl)-2-[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]benzenemethanamine (CAS 420138-01-8), sulfonylaminocarbonyl-triazolinone herbicides such as flucarbazone, flucarbazone-sodium, propoxycarbazone, propoxycarbazone-sodium, thiencarbazone and thiencarbazone-methyl; and triafamone; among these, a preferred embodiment of the invention relates to those compositions comprising at least one imidazolinone herbicide; b3) from the group of the photosynthesis inhibitors: amicarbazone, inhibitors of the photosystem II, e.g. 1 -(6-tert-butylpyrimidin-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3- methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (CAS 1654744-66-7), 1-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl- 2H-pyrrol-5-one (CAS 1637455-12-9), 1 - (5-tert-bu ty I isoxazol -3-y l)-4-ch loro-2-hyd roxy-3-methy I -2 H-py rrol- 5-one (CAS 1637453-94-1 ), 1 -(5-tert-buty I -1 -methyl -py razol-3-y l)-4-ch I oro-2-hyd roxy-3-methyl-2 H-py rrol-5- one (CAS 1654057-29-0), 1 -(5-tert-butyl-1 -methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5- one (CAS 1654747-80-4), 4-hydroxy-1 -methoxy-5-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]imidazolidin-2- one; (CAS 2023785-78-4), 4-hydroxy-1 ,5-dimethyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]imidazolidin-2-one (CAS 2023785-79-5), 5-ethoxy-4-hydroxy-1 -methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]imidazolidin-2-one (CAS 1701416-69-4), 4-hy d roxy- 1 -methy I -3- [4-(trif I uoromethy l)-2-py ri dy I] I mid azol id I n -2-one (CAS 1708087-22-2), 4-hydroxy-1 ,5-dimethyl-3-[1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-3-yl]imidazolidin-2-one (CAS 2023785-80-8), 1-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-4-ethoxy-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-imidazolidin-2-one (CAS 1844836-64-1), triazine herbicides, including of chlorotriazine, triazinones, triazindiones, methylthiotriazines and pyridazinones such as ametryn, atrazine, chloridazone, cyanazine, desmetryn, dimethametryn.hexazinone, metribuzin, prometon, prometryn, propazine, simazine, simetryn, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn and trietazin, aryl urea such as chlorobromuron, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, dimefuron, diuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, isouron, linuron, metamitron, methabenzthiazuron, metobenzuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, neburon, siduron, tebuthiuron and thiadiazuron, phenyl carbamates such as desmedipham, karbutilat, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, nitrile herbicides such as bromofenoxim, bromoxynil and its salts and esters, ioxynil and its salts and esters, uraciles such as bromacil, lenacil and terbacil, and bentazon and bentazon-sodium, pyridate, pyridafol, pentanochlor and propanil and inhibitors of the photosystem I such as diquat, diquat-dibromide, paraquat, paraquat-dichloride and paraquat-dimetilsulfate. Among these, a preferred embodiment of the invention relates to those compositions comprising at least one aryl urea herbicide. Among these, likewise a preferred embodiment of the invention relates to those compositions comprising at least one triazine herbicide. Among these, likewise a preferred embodiment of the invention relates to those compositions comprising at least one nitrile herbicide; b4) from the group of the protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase inhibitors: acifluorfen, acifluorfen-sodium, azafenidin, bencarbazone, benzfendizone, bifenox, butafenacil, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlomethoxyfen, chlorphthalim, cinidon-ethyl, cyclopyranil, fluazolate, flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumiclorac, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fluthiacet, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, halosafen, lactofen, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, pentoxazone, profluazol, pyraclonil, pyraflufen, pyraflufen-ethyl, saflufenacil, sulfentrazone, thidiazimin, tiafenacil, trifludimoxazin, epyrifenacil (CAS 353292-31-6; S-3100;, N-ethyl-3-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoro- methylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -carboxamide (CAS 452098-92-9), N-tetrahydrofurfuryl-3-(2,6- d ich loro-4-trifl u oromethy I phenoxy )-5-methy I - 1 / 7-py razole-1 -carboxamide (CAS 915396-43-9), N-ethy I-3- (2- chloro-6-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1 / 7-pyrazole-1 -carboxamide (CAS 452099-05-7),

[0148] N-tetrahydrofurfuryl-3-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1 / - / -pyrazole-1 -carboxamide (CAS 452100-03-7), 3-[7-fluoro-3-oxo-4-(prop-2-ynyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1 ,4]oxazin-6-yl]-1 ,5-dimethyl- 6-thioxo-[1 , 3, 5]triazinan-2, 4-dione (CAS 451484-50-7), 2-(2,2,7-trifluoro-3-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyl-3,4-dihydro- 2H-benzo[1 ,4]oxazin-6-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-isoindole-1 ,3-dione (CAS 1300118-96-0), 1 -methyl-6-trifluoro- methyl-3-(2,2,7-trifluoro-3-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-1 H-pyrimidine-2,4- dione (CAS 1304113-05-0), methyl (E)-4-[2-chloro-5-[4-chloro-5-(difluoromethoxy)-1 H-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl]- 4-fluoro-phenoxy]-3-methoxy-but-2-enoate (CAS 948893-00-3), and 3-[7-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-benzimidazol-4-yl]-1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrimidine-2, 4-dione (CAS 212754-02-4)

[0149] 2-[2-chloro-5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-4-fluorophenoxy]-2-methoxy-acetic acid methyl ester (CAS 1970221 -16-9), 2-[2-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 (2H)- pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]-acetic acid methyl ester (CAS 2158274-96-3), 2-[2-[[3-chloro- 6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 (2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy] acetic acid ethyl ester (CAS 2158274-50-9), methyl 2-[[3-[2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo- 1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4-fluoro-phenoxy]-2-pyridyl]oxy]acetate (CAS 2271389-22-9), ethyl 2-[[3-[2-chloro-5-[4- (difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4-fluoro-phenoxy]-2-pyridyl]oxy]acetate (CAS 2230679- 62-4), 2-[[3-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 (2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2- pyridinyl]oxy]-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-acetic acid methyl ester (CAS 2158275-73-9), 2-[[3-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-

[0150] 3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 (2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-2-pyridinyl]oxy] acetic acid ethyl ester (CAS 2158274-56-5), 2-[2-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 (2H)-py rimidi ny l]-5-fluoro-2-py ridiny l]oxy]phenoxy]-N-(methy lsulfonyl)-acetamide (CAS 2158274-53-2), 2- [[3-[[3-chloro-6-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 (2H)-pyrimidinyl]-5-fluoro-2- pyridinyl]oxy]-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-acetamide (CAS 2158276-22-1), 3-[2-chloro-5-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 (2H)-pyrimidinyl]-4-fluorophenyl]-4,5- dihydro-5-methyl-5-isoxazolecarboxylic acid ethyl ester (CAS 1949837-17-5); b5) from the group of the bleacher herbicides:

[0151] PDS inhibitors: beflubutamid, diflufenican, fluridone, flurochloridone, flurtamone, norflurazon, picolinafen, 4- (3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyrimidine (CAS 180608-33-7), rimisoxafen, HPPD inhibitors: benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone, clomazone, fenquinotrione, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, oxotrione (CAS 1486617-21-3), pyrasulfotole, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tolpy ralate, topramezone, bipyrazone, fenpyrazone, cypyrafluone, tripyrasulfone, benquitrione, dioxopyritrione; bleacher, unknown target: aclonifen, amitrole flumeturon,2-chloro-3-methylsulfanyl-N-(1- methyltetrazol-5-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (CAS 1361139-71-0), bixlozone and 2-(2,5- dichlorophenyl)methyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone (CAS 81778-66-7); b6) from the group of the EPSP synthase inhibitors: glyphosate, glyphosate-isopropylammonium, glyposate-potassium and glyphosate-trimesium (sulfosate); b7) from the group of the glutamine synthase inhibitors: bilanaphos (bialaphos), bilanaphos-sodium, glufosinate, glufosinate-P and glufosinate-ammonium; b8) from the group of the DHP synthase inhibitors: asulam; b9) from the group of the mitosis inhibitors: compounds of group K1 : dinitroanilines such as benfluralin, butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine and trifluralin, phosphoramidates such as amiprophos, amiprophos- methyl, and butamiphos, benzoic acid herbicides such as chlorthal, chlorthal-dimethyl, pyridines such as dithiopyr and thiazopyr, benzamides such as propyzamide and tebutam; compounds of group K2: carbetamide, chlorpropham, flamprop, flamprop-isopropyl, flamprop-methyl, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl and propham ; among these, compounds of group K1, in particular dinitroanilines are preferred; b10) from the group of the VLCFA inhibitors: chloroacetamides such as acetochlor, alachlor, amidochlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, metazachlor, metolachlor, metolachlor-S, pethoxamid, pretilachlor, propachlor, propisochlor and thenylchlor, oxyacetanilides such as flufenacet and mefenacet, acetanilides such as diphenamid, naproanilide, napropamide and napropamide-M, tetrazolinones such fentrazamide, and other herbicides such as anilofos, cafenstrole, fenoxasulfone, ipfencarbazone, piperophos, pyroxasulfone, dimesulfazet and isoxazoline compounds of the formulae 11.1, II.2, II.3, II.4, II.5, II.6, II.7, II.8 and II.9

[0152] 11.1

[0153] II.2 the isoxazoline compounds of the formula (II) are known in the art, e.g. from WO 2006 / 024820, WO 2006 / 037945, WO 2007 / 071900 and WO 2007 / 096576; among the VLCFA inhibitors, preference is given to chloroacetamides and oxyacetamides; b11) from the group of the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors: chlorthiamid, dichlobenil, flupoxam, indaziflam, isoxaben, triaziflam and 1 -cyclohexyl-5- pentafluorphenyloxy-14-[1 ,2,4,6]thiatriazin-3-ylamine (CAS 175899-01-1); b12) from the group of the decoupler herbicides: dinoseb, dinoterb and DNOC and its salts; b13) from the group of the auxinic herbicides:

[0154] 2,4-D and its salts and esters such as clacyfos, 2,4-DB and its salts and esters, aminocyclopyrachlor and its salts and esters, aminopyralid and its salts such as aminopyralid-dimethylammonium, aminopy ral id-tris(2- hydroxypropyl)ammonium and its esters, benazolin, benazolin-ethyl, chloramben and its salts and esters, clomeprop, clopyralid and its salts and esters, dicamba and its salts and esters, dichlorprop and its salts and esters, dichlorprop-P and its salts and esters, flopyrauxifen, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr-butometyl, fluroxypyr- meptyl, halauxifen and its salts and esters (CAS 943832-60-8); MCPA and its salts and esters, MCPA- thioethyl, MCPB and its salts and esters, mecoprop and its salts and esters, mecoprop-P and its salts and esters, picloram and its salts and esters, quinclorac, quinmerac, TBA (2,3,6) and its salts and esters, triclopyr and its salts and esters, florpyrauxifen, florpyrauxifen-benzyl (CAS 1390661 -72-9) and 4-amino-3-chloro-5- fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1 H-indol-6-yl)picolinic acid (CAS 1629965-65-6); b14) from the group of the auxin transport inhibitors: diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr-sodium, naptalam and naptalam-sodium; b15) from the group of the other herbicides: bromobutide, chlorflurenol, chlorflurenol-methyl, cinmethylin, cumyluron, cyclopyrimorate (CAS 499223-49-3) and its salts and esters, dalapon, dazomet, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-metilsulfate, dimethipin, DSMA, dymron, endothal and its salts, etobenzanid, flurenol, flurenol- butyl, flurprimidol, fosamine, fosamine-ammonium, indanofan, maleic hydrazide, mefluidide, metam, methiozolin, methyl azide, methyl bromide, methyl-dymron, methyl iodide, MSMA, oleic acid, oxaziclomefone, pelargonic acid, pyributicarb, quinoclamine, tetflupyrolimet, tridiphane, 6-chloro-4-(2,7- dimethyl-1-naphthyl)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-pyridazin-3-one (CAS 2414510-21-5).

[0155] Suitable fungicides are indicated below, sorted mode of action and target site (FRAC or IRAC code in brackets; www.frac.info; FRAC code list 2024; www.irac-online.org; IRAC MCA classification scheme 2024):

[0156] A) Respiration (C) complex III at Qosite (Qol, C3): azoxystrobin (A.1.1), bifujunzhi (A.1.37), coumethoxystrobin (A.1.2), coumoxystrobin (A.1.3), dimoxystrobin (A.1.4), enestroburin (A.1.5), famoxadone (A.1.21), fenamidone (A.1.21), fenaminstrobin (A.1.6), flufenoxystrobin (A.1.7), fluoxastrobin (A.1.8), kresoxim- methyl (A.1.9), mandestrobin (A.1.10), metominostrobin (A.1.11), metyltetraprole (A.1.25; member of MoA subgroup A), orysastrobin (A.1 .12), picoxystrobin (A.1 .13), pyraclostrobin (A.1 .14), pyra- metostrobin (A.1.15), pyraoxystrobin (A.1.16), pyribencarb (A.1.19), pyriminostrobin (A.1.36), triclo- pyricarb (A.1.20), trifloxystrobin (A.1.17), 2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylideneaminooxy- methyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide (A.1.18), methyl-N-[2-[(1 ,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl- pyrazol-3-yl)oxylmethyl]phenyl]-N-methoxy-carbamate (A.1.22), (Z,2E)-5-[1-(2,4-dichloro- phenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]-oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide (A.1 .34), (Z,2E)-5-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide (A.1.35), 2-(ortho-((2,5-dimethylphenyl-oxymethylen)phenyl)-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methylester (A.1.38), methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-(3-propylpyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy]prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-2-[5-(3-isopropylpyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-phenoxy]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy- 2-[2-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]phenoxy]prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy- 2-[2-methyl-5-(4-propyltriazol-2-yl)phenoxy]prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl- 5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)triazol-2-yl]phenoxy]prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-2-[5-(4-isopropyltriazol-2-yl)-

[0157] 2-methyl-phenoxy]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-2-(5-cyclobutyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-

[0158] 3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-2-(5-cyclopentyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-2-(5-cyclopropyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-2-(5-cyclohexyl- 2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (E)-3-methoxy-2-[(2-methyl-5-phenyl- phenyl)methyl]prop-2-enoate, methyl (E)-3-methoxy-2-[(2-methyl-5-phenyl-phenyl)methyl]prop-

[0159] 2-enoate; methyl (E)-3-methoxy-2-[[5-[(E)-N-methoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-2,4-dimethyl- phenyl]methyl]prop-2-enoate; methyl (E)-2-[[5-(2-cyclopropylethynyl)-2,4-dimethyl-phenyl]methyl]-

[0160] 3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate; methyl (E)-3-methoxy-2-(2-phenyl-1 ,3-benzoxazol-4-yl)prop-2-enoate; methyl (E)-3-methoxy-2-(2-phenyl-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl)prop-2-enoate; methyl (E)-3-methoxy-

[0161] 2-(2-phenyl-1,3-benzoxazol-7-yl)prop-2-enoate; methyl (Z)-2-[6-(2-cyclopropylethynyl)benzimidazol- 1 -yl]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate; methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-(6-phenylbenzimidazol-1 -yl)prop-2-enoate; methyl (Z)-2-(3-chloro-6-phenyl-indol-1-yl)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate; methyl (Z)-2-(2,3-dichloro- 6-phenyl-indol-1-yl)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate; methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[6-[(E)-methoxyimino- methyl]indol-1-yl]prop-2-enoate; methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[6-[(E)- / V-methoxy-C-methyl- carbonimidoyl]indol-1-yl]prop-2-enoate, methyl (E)-2-[4-chloro-2-(4-methylpent-1-ynyl)phenyl]-

[0162] 3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (E)-3-methoxy-2-[4-methoxy-2-(4-methylpent-1-ynyl)phenyl]prop-

[0163] 2-enoate, methyl (E)-2-(4-chloro-2-hex-1-ynyl-phenyl)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (E)-2-(2-hex- 1 -ynyl-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (E)-2-[2-[[1 -(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-

[0164] 3-yl]oxymethyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (2E)-2-[2-[[1 -(4-chloro- phenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-methoxyimino-actate, (2E)-2-[2-[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl- acetamide, methyl (E)-2-[2-[[(E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]- 3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (E)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl- 6-[[(E)-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]phenyl]prop-2-enoate, methyl (E)-2-[4-chloro-2-[[(E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]phenyl]-3-methoxy-prop-

[0165] 2-enoate, methyl (E)-2-[2-chloro-6-[[(E)-1 -(4-chlorophenyl)ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]phenyl]-

[0166] 3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl A / -[[5-[1-(2,6-difluoro-4-isopropyl-phenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]-2-methyl- phenyl]methyl]carbamate, methyl N-[[5-[1-(4-cyclopropyl-2,6-difluoro-phenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]-2-methyl- phenyl]methyl]carbamate;

[0167] - complex III at Qi site (Qil, C4): cyazofamid (A.2.1), amisulbrom (A.2.2), [(6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-

[0168] 3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1 ,5-dioxonan-7-yl]- 2-methylpropanoate (A, 2, 3), fenpicoxamid (A, 2, 4), florylpicoxamid (A, 2, 5), metarylpicoxamid (A.2.6);

[0169] - complex II (SDHI, C2): benodanil (A.3.1), benzovindiflupyr (A.3.2), bixafen (A.3.3), boscalid (A.3.4), carboxin (A.3.5), cyclobutrifluram (A.3.24), fenfuram (A.3.6), fluopyram (A.3.7), flutolanil (A.3.8), fluxapyroxad (A.3.9), furametpyr (A.3.10), inpyrfluxam (A.3.22), isofetamid (A.3.11), isoflucypram (A.3.31), isopyrazam (A.3.12), mepronil (A.3.13), oxycarboxin (A.3.14), penflufen (A.3.15), penthiopyrad (A3.16), pydiflumetofen (A.3.17), pyrapropoyne (A.3.23), pyraziflumid (A.3.18), sedaxane (A.3.19), tecloftalam (A.3.20), thifluzamide (A.3.21), fluindapyr (A.3.28), N-[2-[2-chloro-

[0170] 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.29), methyl (E)-2-[2-[(5-cyano-2-methyl-phenoxy)methyl]phenyl]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate (A.3.30), 2-(difl uoromethy I)- N-(1 , 1 , 3-tri methy I -I ndan-4-y l)py rid I ne-3-carboxamide (A.3.32), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-1 ,1 ,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.33), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-ethyl-1, 1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.34), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1 , 1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.35), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(1 , 1-dimethyl-3-propyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.36), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-1 , 1-dimethyl-3-propyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.37), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-isobutyl-1 , 1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.38), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-isobutyl-1 ,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.39);

[0171] - complex I NADH oxido-reductase (C1): diflumetorim (A.4.1);

[0172] - uncouplers (C5): binapacryl (A.4.2), dinobuton (A.4.3), dinocap (A.4.4), fluazinam (A.4.5), meptyldinocap (A.4.6), ferimzone (A.4.7);

[0173] - inhibitors of ox. phosphorylation (C6): fentin salts, e.g. fentin-acetate (A.4.8), fentin chloride (A.4.9) or fentin hydroxide (A.4.10);

[0174] - ATP transport: silthiofam (A.4.11);

[0175] - quinone inside and outside inhibitor stigmatellin binding type (QioSI; C8): ametoctradin (A.5.1);

[0176] B) Sterol biosynthesis (G)

[0177] - C14 demethylase (DMI, G1): triazoles: azaconazole (B.1.1), bitertanol (B.1.2), bromuconazole (B.1.3), cyproconazole (B.1.4), difenoconazole (B.1.5), diniconazole (B.1.6), diniconazole-M (B.1.7), epoxiconazole (B.1.8), fenbuconazole (B.1.9), fluoxytioconazole (B.1.33), fluquinconazole (B.1.10), flusilazole (B.1.11), flutriafol (B.1.12), hexaconazole (B.1.13), imibenconazole (B.1.14), ipconazole (B.1.15), ipfentrifluconazole (B.1.37), mefentrifluconazole (B.1.38), metconazole (B.1.17), myclobutanil (B.1.18), oxpoconazole (B.1.19), paclobutrazole (B.1.20), penconazole (B.1.21), propiconazole

[0178] (B.1.22), prothioconazole (B.1.23), simeconazole (B.1.24), tebuconazole (B.1.25), tetraconazole (B.1.26), triadimefon (B.1.27), triadimenol (B.1.28), triticonazole (B.1.29), uniconazole (B.1.30), 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,1-difluoro-3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-1-[5-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]- 2-pyridyl]propan-2-ol (B.1.31), 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-1-[5-[4-(trifluorometh- oxy)phenyl]-2-pyridyl]propan-2-ol (B.1.32), 2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-5-(p-tolylmethyl)-1-(1 ,2,4-triazol- 1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (B.1.43), 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(1 ,2,4-triazol- 1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile (B.1.53), 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]- 1-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (B.1.54), 2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]- 1-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (B.1.55), (2R)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- 1-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (2S)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol- 1-yl)propan-2-ol, methyl 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(1,2,4-triazol- 1-yl)propanoate (B.1.56), 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(1 ,2,4-triazol- 1-yl)propanoic acid (B.1.57); imidazoles: imazalil (B.1.44), pefurazoate (B.1.45), prochloraz (B.1.46), triflumizole (B.1.47); pyrimidines, pyridines, piperazines: fenarimol (B.1.49), pyrifenox (B.1.50), triforine (B.1.51), [3-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)isoxazol-4-yl]-(3-pyridyl)methanol (B.1.52);

[0179] - delta14-reductase (G2): aldimorph (B.2.1), dodemorph (B.2.2), dodemorph-acetate (B.2.3), fenpropidin (B.2.6), fenpropimorph (B.2.4), piperalin (B.2.7), spiroxamine (B.2.8), tridemorph (B.2.5);

[0180] - 3-keto reductase (G3): fenhexamid (B.3.1), fenpyrazamine (B.3.2);

[0181] - other: chlorphenomizole (B.4.1);

[0182] C) Nucleic acids metabolism (A) RNA polymerase I (A1): benalaxyl (C.1.1), benalaxyl-M (C.1.2), kiralaxyl (C.1.3), metalaxyl (C.1.4), metalaxyl-M (C.1.5), ofurace (C.1.6), oxadixyl (C.1.7);

[0183] - adenosine deaminase (A2): bupirimate (C.2.4), 5-fluoro-2-(p-tolylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine (C.2.6),

[0184] 5-fluoro-2-(4-fluorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine (C.2.7), 5-fluoro-2-(4-chlorophenyl- methoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine (C.2.8);

[0185] - DNA / RNA synthesis (A3): 5-fluorocytosine (C.2.5), hymexazole (C.2.1), octhilinone (C.2.2),

[0186] - gyrase (A4): oxolinic acid (C.2.3);

[0187] - dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH; A5): ipflufenoquin (C.5.1), quinofumelin (C.5.2), fenaptamidoquin (C.5.3);

[0188] D) Cytoskeleton and motor protein (B)

[0189] - tubulin polymerization (MBC; B1): benomyl (D.1.1), carbendazim (D.1.2), fuberidazole (D.1.3), pyridachlometyl (D.1.6), thiabendazole (D.1.4), thiophanate-methyl (D.1.5), N-ethyl-2-[(3-ethynyl- 8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]butanamide (D.1 .8), N-ethyl-2-[(3-ethy ny l-8-methy l-6-qu i noly l)oxy]-2-methyl- sulfanyl-acetamide (D.1 .9), 2-[(3-ethy ny l-8-methy l-6-qu i noly l)oxy]- A / -(2-f I uoroethy I )butanamide

[0190] (D.1.10), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-W-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methoxy-acetamide (D.1.11), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-propyl-butanamide (D.1.12), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-

[0191] 6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methoxy-N-propyl-acetamide (D.1.13), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]- 2-methylsulfanyl-N-propyl-acetamide (D.1.14), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)- 2-methylsulfanyl-acetamide (D.1.15), 4-(2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)- 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-3-amine (D.1.16), 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-A / -(2-fluoro-6-nitrophenyl)-1 ,3-di- methyl-1 / 7-pyrazol-5-amine, 4-(2-chloro-4,6-difluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluoro-6-nitrophenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl- 1 / - / -pyrazol-5-amine, 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluoro-6-nitrophenyl)-3-ethyl-1-methyl- 1 / - / -pyrazol-5-amine, 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-6-nitrophenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-

[0192] 1 / - / -pyrazol-5-amine, 4-(2-chloro-4-f I uoropheny l)-A / - (2-fl uoro-6-ni tropheny I )- 1 ,3-di methyl- 1 / 7-py razol- 5-amine, 4-(2,4-difluoropheny I)- N-(2-fl uoro-6-nitropheny l)-1 ,3-di methy 1-1 / - / -pyrazol-5-amine;

[0193] - tubulin polymerization (B2): diethofencarb (D.2.1),

[0194] - tubulin polymersation (B3): ethaboxam (D.2.2), zoxamide (D.2.5);

[0195] - cell division (B4): pencycuron (D.2.3);

[0196] - spectrin-like proteins (B5): fluopicolide (D.2.4), fluopimomide (D.2.9);

[0197] - actin / myosin / fimbrin function (B6): metrafenone (D.2.6), phenamacril (D.2.8), pyriofenone (D.2.7);

[0198] E) Amino acids and protein synthesis (D)

[0199] - methionine synthesis (D1): cyprodinil (E.1.1), mepanipyrim (E.1.2), pyrimethanil (E.1.3);

[0200] - ribosome, termination step (D2): blasticidin-S (E.2.1);

[0201] - ribosome initiation step (D3): kasugamycin (E.2.2), kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate (E.2.3);

[0202] - ribosome initiation step (D4): streptomycin (E.2.5);

[0203] - ribosome elongation step (D5): mildiomycin (E.2.4), oxytetracyclin (E.2.6);

[0204] F) Signal transduction

[0205] - mechanism unknown (E1): proquinazid (F.2.2), quinoxyfen (F.2.1);

[0206] MAP / histidine kinase os-2 (E2): fludioxonil (F.1 .5); MAP / histidine kinase os-1 (E3): iprodione (F.1.2), procymidone (F.1.3), vinclozolin (F.1.4);

[0207] G) Lipid synthesis or transport I membrane (F)

[0208] - methyl transferase (F2): edifenphos (G.1 .1 ), iprobenfos (G.1 .2), isoprothiolane (G.1 .4); pyrazophos (G.1.3);

[0209] - cell peroxidation (F3): biphenyl (G.2.5), chloroneb (G.2.6), dicloran (G.2.1), etridiazole (G.2.7), quintozene (G.2.2), tecnazene (G.2.3), tolclofos-methyl (G.2.4);

[0210] - cell membrane permeability (F4): propamocarb (G.4.1);

[0211] - ergosterol binding (F8): natamycin;

[0212] - oxysterol binding protein (F9): fluoxapiprolin (G.5.3), oxathiapiprolin (G.5.1), 4-[1-[2-[3-(di- fluoromethyl)-5-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.4), 4-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-A / -tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.5), 4-[1-[2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl- pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.6), 4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]- 4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.7), 4-[1-[2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-

[0213] 1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.8), 4-[1-[2-[5-(difluoromethyl)-

[0214] 3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.9),

[0215] 4-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-A / -tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.10), (4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyri- dine-2-carboxamide (G.5.11), (1-(4-(4-(5-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-

[0216] 2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-2-((3-trifluoromethyl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)ethan-1-one, 1-(4-(4-(5-(2-chloro-6-fluoro- phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-2-((3-trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)ethan- 1-one, tert-butyl 4-(4-(5-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-

[0217] 1 -carboxylate, ((2-(3-(2-(1-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1 / 7-pyrazol-1-yl)acetyl)piperidin-4-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-

[0218] 4,5-dihydroisoxazo-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)imino)dimethyl-A6-sulfanone, ((2-(3-(2-(1-(2-(3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1 / 7-pyrazol-1-yl)acetyl)piperidin-4-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-

[0219] 4.5-dihydroisoxazo-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)imino)dimethyl-A6-sulfanone, ((2-(3-(2-(1-(2-(3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1 / 7-pyrazol-1-yl)acetyl)piperidin-4-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-

[0220] 4.5-dihydroisoxazo-5-yl)-3-chorophenyl)imino)(isopropyl)(methyl)-A6-sulfanone, ((2-(3-(2-(1-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1 / 7-pyrazol-1-yl)acetyl)piperidin-4-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-

[0221] 4.5-dihydroisoxazo-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)imino)(isopropyl)(methyl)-A6-sulfanone, ((2-(3-(2-(1-(2-(3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1 / 7-pyrazol-1-yl)acetyl)piperidin-4-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-

[0222] 4.5-dihydroisoxazo-5-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)imino)dimethyl-A6-sulfanone, ((3-fluoro-

[0223] 2-(3-(2-(1-(2-(5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 / 7-pyrazol-1-yl)acetyl)piperidin-4-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-

[0224] 4.5-dihydroisoxazo-5-yl)-phenyl)imino)dimethyl-A6-sulfanone;

[0225] H) Multi Site Activity (M)

[0226] - inorganics (M01): Bordeaux mixture (H.1.1), copper (H.1.2), copper acetate (H.1.3), copper hydroxide (H.1.4), copper oxychloride (H.1.5), basic copper sulfate (H.1.6), sulfur (H.1.7);

[0227] - dithiocarbamates and relatives: ferbam (H.2.1), mancozeb (H.2.2), maneb (H.2.3), metam (H.2.4), metiram (H.2.5), propineb (H.2.6), thiram (H.2.7), zineb (H.2.8), ziram (H.2.9), zinc thiazole (H.2.10); - organochlorine compounds (M04, M05, M06, M08): anilazine (H.3.1), captafol (H.3.3), captan (H.3.4), chlorothalonil (H.3.2), dichlofluanid (H.3.6), dichlorophen (H.3.7), folpet (H.3.5), hexachlorobenzene (H.3.8), pentachlorphenole (H.3.9) and its salts, phthalide (H.3.10), tolylfluanid (H.3.11);

[0228] - guanidines, quinones, quinoxalines, maleimides, thiocarbamates (M07, M09, M10, M11 , M12): chinomethionat (H.4.13), dithianon (H.4.9), fluoroimide (H.4.11), guanidine (H.4.1), guazatine (H.4.4), guazatine-acetate (H.4.5), iminoctadine (H.4.6), iminoctadine-triacetate (H.4.7), iminoctadine- tris(albesilate) (H.4.8), methasulfocarb (H.4.12), 2,6-dimethyl-1 / 7,5 / 7-[1 ,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole- 1 ,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone (H.4.10),

[0229] I) Cell wall biosynthesis (H) and melanin synthesis in cell wall (I)

[0230] - chitin synthase (H4): polyoxin B (1.1.2);

[0231] - cellulose synthase (H5): benthiavalicarb (1.3.5), dimethomorph (1.3.1), flumorph (1.3.2), iprovalicarb (1.3.6), mandipropamid (1.3.3), pyrimorph (1.3.4), valifenalate (1.3.7);

[0232] - reductase in melanin synthesis (MBI-R; 11) pyroquilon (1.2.1), tricyclazole (1.2.2);

[0233] - dehydratase in melanin synthesis (MBI-D, I2); carpropamid (1.2.3), dicyclomet (1.2.4), fenoxanil (1.2.5);

[0234] - polyketide synthase in melanin synthesis (MBI-P, I3): tolprocarb (1.2.6);

[0235] J) Plant defence induction (P1 to P8)

[0236] - salicylate-related (P01-P03, P08): acibenzolar-S-methyl (J.1.1), probenazole (J.1.2), isotianil (J.1.3), tiadinil (J.1.4), dichlobentiazox (J.1.13); phosphonates (P07): fosetyl (J.1.6), fosetyl-aluminum (J.1.7), phosphorous acid and its salts (J.1.8), calcium phosphonate (J.1.11), potassium phosphonate

[0237] (J.1.12); others: potassium or sodium bicarbonate (J.1.9), 4-cyclopropyl- N-(2,4-drmethoxy_|phenyl)thiadiazole-5-carboxamide (J.1.10);

[0238] K) Unknown mode of action (U)

[0239] - aminopyrifen (K.1.54), benziothiazolinone (K.1.48), bromothalonil (K.1.49), bronopol (K.1.1), cyflufenamid (K.1.3), cymoxanil (K.1.4), dazomet (K.1.5), debacarb (K.1.6), diclomezine (K.1.8), difenzoquat (K.1.9), difenzoquat-methylsulfate (K.1.10), diphenylamin (K.1.11), dodine, dodine free base (K.1.18), fenitropan (K.1.12), flufenoxadiazam (K.1.58) [MoA proposed: class II histone deacetylase inhibitor], flumetover (K.1.14), flumetylsulforim (K.1.60), flusulfamide (K.1.15), flutianil (K.1.16), harpin (K.1.17), nitrapyrin (K.1.19), nitrothal-isopropyl (K.1.20), oxine-copper (K.1.22), picarbutrazox (K.1.41), pyrisoxazole (K.1.37), seboctylamine (K.1.61), tebufloquin (K.1.24), tecloftalam (K.1.25), triazoxide (K.1.26), validamycin (K.1.2); / V’-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)- 2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine (K.1.27), N-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl- phenoxy )-2, 5-d I methy l-pheny I)- W-ethy I- W-methy I formamidine (K.1 .28), N-[4-[[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1 ,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]oxy]-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl- formamidine (K.1.29), N’-(5-bromo-6-indan-2-yloxy-2-methyl-3-pyridyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.30), N-[5-bromo-6-[1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl- formamidine (K.1.31), N’-[5-bromo-6-(4-isopropylcyclohexoxy)-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl- formamidine (K.1.32), N’-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-phenylethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl- formamidine (K.1.33), N’-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl- N-methyl formamidine (K.1.34), N-(5-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)- N-ethy I- N-methy I formamidine (K.1 .35), 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N-[4-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-isoxazol- 5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxy-acetamide (K.1 .36), 3-[5- (4-methy Ipheny l)-2, 3-dimethy l-i soxazol i di n-3-y I]- pyridine (K.1.38), 5-chloro-1 -(4, 6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1 / - / -benzoimidazole (K.1.39), ethyl (Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenyl-prop-2-enoate (K.1.40), pentyl / V-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)- phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate (K.1.42), but-3-ynyl / V-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyl- tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate (K.1 .43), 2-(6-benzyl- 2-py ridyl)qu I nazol I ne (K.1 .50), 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxy-pheny l)-5-methy l-2-py ridy l]qu I nazol I ne (K.1.51), N-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.53), N'-[5-bromo-

[0240] 2-methy l-6-( 1 -methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1 .56), N-[4-(4,5-dichlorothiazol-2-yl)oxy-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.57), / V-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzenecarbothioamide (K.1.59), N-methoxy- N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide (K.1.61), A / -((4- [5- (trifl uoromethy I)- 1 ,2, 4-oxad i azol-3-y l]phenyl) methy l)propan ami de (K.1 .62), 3, 3, 3-trifl uoro- N-[[3-fluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide (K.1.63),

[0241] 3.3.3-trifluoro-N-[[2-fluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide (K.1 .64), A / -[2,3-difluoro-4- [5- (trifluoromethyl)- 1 , 2, 4-oxad i azol-3-y I] benzyl] butan amide (K.1 .65), N-[[2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 , 2, 4-oxadiazol-3-yl] phenyl] methyl]-3, 3, 3-trifl uoro-propanamide (K.1.66), 1-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea

[0242] (K.1.67), 1 ,1-diethyl-3-[[4-[5-[trifluoromethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (K.1.68), A / ,2-dimethoxy- A / -[[4-[5-(trifl uoromethyl)-1 , 2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]pheny I] methyl] propanamide (K.1 .69), A / -ethy l-2-methy I -A / - [[4-[5-(trifl uoromethy I)- 1 ,2, 4-oxad i azol-3-y I] pheny I] methy l]propan amide (K.1 .70), 1-methoxy-3-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (K.1.71), 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one (K.1.72), 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoro- methyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one (K.1.73), 4-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-

[0243] 1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]morpholin-3-one (K.1.74), 4,4-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-

[0244] 1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one (K.1.75), 2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-

[0245] 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one (K.1.76), 5,5-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-

[0246] 1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one (K.1.77), 3,3-dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-

[0247] 1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one (K.1.78), 2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-

[0248] 3-yl]phenyl]methyl]oxazinan-3-one (K.1.79), 1-[[3-fluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl]phenyl]methyl]azepan-2-one (K.1.80), 4,4-dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]- phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one (K.1.81), 5-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one (K.1.82), ethyl 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxylate (K.1.83), N-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide (K.1.84), N,N-dimethyl-1-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-

[0249] 1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl]-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-amine (K.1.85), N-methoxy-N-methyl- 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide (K.1.86), propyl- 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide (K.1.87), N-methoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide (K.1.88), N-allyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide (K.1.89),

[0250] 3-ethyl-1-methoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (K.1.90),

[0251] 1 ,3-dimethoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (K.1.91), N-allyl- N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]acetamide (K.1.92), N-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide (K.1.93),

[0252] 1-methyl-3-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (K.1.94), N-[2-chloro-

[0253] 4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1 .95), W'-[2-chloro- 4-[(4-methoxy-phenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1 .96), N'-[2-chloro- 4-[(4-cyano-phenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1 .97), N -[2,5-dimethy I- 4-(o-tolylmethyl)phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.98), 6-chloro-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro- phenoxy)-A / -[2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (K.1.99), 3-(3-bromo-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-6-chloro-N-[2-(2-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-5-methyl- pyridazine-4-carboxamide (K.1 .100), 6-chloro-N-[2-(2-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]- 3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (K.1 .101 ), 6-chloro-

[0254] 3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-5-methyl-pyridazine-

[0255] 4-carboxamide (K.1.102), 6-chloro-3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-A / -[2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)- 2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (K.1.103), N-[2-(2-bromo-4-methyl-phenyl)-2,2- difluoro-ethyl]-6-chloro-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide

[0256] (K.1.104), 2-[cyano-(2,6-difluoro-4-pyridyl)amino]-5-methyl-N-spiro[3.4]octan-3-yl-thiazole-4-carbox- amide, 2-[acetyl-(2,6-difluoro-4-pyridyl)amino]-A / -(2,2-dimethylcyclobutyl)-5-methyl-thiazole-

[0257] 4-carboxamide, 2-[(2,6-difluoro-4-pyridyl)-(2-methoxyacetyl)amino]-A / -(2,2-dimethylcyclobutyl)-

[0258] 5-methyl-thiazole-4-carboxamide, 2-[cyano-(2,6-difluoro-4-pyridyl)amino]-A / -(2,2-dimethylcyclobutyl)- 5-methyl-thiazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1-[[3-[2-(5-fluoro-2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]-

[0259] 5-[(Z)-N-isopropoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-2,6-dioxo-pyrimidin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methyl-propyl]-

[0260] 2-methyl-propanamide, N-[1-[[3-[2-(5-fluoro-2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]-5-[(Z)-N-isopropoxy- C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-2,6-dioxo-pyrimidin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methyl-propyl]-2,2-dimethyl-propanamide, N-[2-[3-[2-(5-fluoro-2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]-5-[(Z)-N-isopropoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-

[0261] 2.6-dioxo-pyrimidin-1-yl]-1-methyl-ethyl]-2-methyl-propanamide, N-[2-[3-[2-hydroxy- 2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-[(Z)-N-isopropoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-2,6-dioxo-pyrimidin-1-yl]-

[0262] 1-methyl-ethyl]-2-methyl-propanamide, N-[2-[3-[2-(2-cyanoethoxy)-2-(5-fluoro-2-methoxy- phenyl)ethyl]-5-[(Z)-N-isopropoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-2,6-dioxo-pyrimidin-1-yl]-1-methyl-ethyl]-

[0263] 2-methyl-propanamide, rac-3-[3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-6-methyl-pyridazin-4-yl]-5-[(2-chloro- 4-methyl-phenyl)methyl]-5,6-dihydro-4 / 7-1 ,2,4-oxadiazine, (5S)-3-[3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-

[0264] 6-methyl-pyridazin-4-yl]-5-[(2-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl)methyl]-5,6-dihydro-4 / 7-1,2,4-oxadiazine, (5R)-3-[3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-6-methyl-pyridazin-4-yl]-5-[(2-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl)methyl]-

[0265] 5.6-dihydro-4H-1 ,2,4-oxadiazine, 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)-1-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-

[0266] 3-yl]phenyl]ethanone, 2-[(6-fluoro-3-pyridyl)oxy]-1-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-

[0267] 3-yl]phenyl]ethanone, 2-(4-fluoroanilino)-1-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethenone, ethyl 1-[[4-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methoxy]phenyl]methyl]-1 / 7-pyrazole-4-carboxylate, ethyl 1 -[[4-[[(1 Z)-2-ethoxy-3, 3, 3-trifluoro-1 -propen-1 -yl]oxy]phenyl]methyl]-1 / 7-pyrazole-4-carboxylate;

[0268] L) Biopesticides

[0269] L1) Microbial pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and / or plant defense activator activity: Ampelomyces quisqualis, Aspergillus flavus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Bacillus altitudinis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum (also referred to as B. velezensis), B. megaterium, B. mojavensis, B. mycoides, B. pumilus, B. simplex, B. solisalsi, B. subtilis, B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis, Candida oleophila, C. saitoana, Clavibacter michiganensis (bacteriophages), Coniothyrium minitans, Cryphonectria parasitica, Cryptococcus albidus, Dilophosphora alopecuri, Fusarium oxysporum, Clonostachys rosea f. catenulate (also named Gliocladium catenulatum), Gliocladium roseum, Lysobacter antibioticus, L. enzymogenes, Metschnikowia fructicola, Microdochium dimerum, Microsphaeropsis ochracea, Muscodor albus, Paenibacillus alvei, Paenibacillus epiphyticus, P. polymyxa, Pantoea vagans, Penicillium bilaiae, Phlebiopsis gigantea, Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas chloraphis, Pseudozyma flocculosa, Pichia anomala, Pythium oligandrum, Sphaerodes myco- parasitica, Streptomyces griseoviridis, S. lydicus, S. violaceusniger, Talaromyces flavus, Tricho- derma asperelloides, T. asperellum, T. atroviride, T. fertile, T. gamsii, T. harmatum, T. harzianum, T. polysporum, T. stromaticum, T. virens, T. viride, Typhula phacorrhiza, Ulocladium oudemansii, Verticillium dahliae, zucchini yellow mosaic virus (avirulent strain);

[0270] L2) Biochemical pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and / or plant defense activator activity: harpin protein, plant oils (BM3): tea tree oil, orange oil (L.2.1), eugenol, limonene (L.2.2), geraniol (L.2.3), thymol (L.2.4); Reynoutria sachalinensis extract, aureobasidin (in particular aureobasidin A (L.2.5)), ambruticin (L.2.6), bafilomycin (L.2.7) (in particular bafilomycin A1, B1 and C1), chlorflavonin (L.2.8), cinnamaldehyde (L.2.9), natamycin (L.2.10; F8);

[0271] L3) Microbial pesticides with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscidal and / or nematicidal activity: Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus cereus, B. firm us, B. thuringiensis, B. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai, B. t. ssp. israelensis, B. t. ssp. galleriae, B. t. ssp. kurstaki, B. t. ssp. tenebrionis, Beauveria bassiana, B. brongniartii, Burkholderia spp., Chromobacterium subtsugae, Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV), Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV), Flavobacterium spp., Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV), Helicoverpa zea nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzNPV), Helicoverpa zea single capsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Isaria fumosorosea, Lecanicillium longisporum, L. muscarium, Metarhizium anisopliae, M. anisopliae var. anisopliae, M. anisopliae var. acridum, Nomuraea rileyi, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, P. lilacinus, Paenibacillus popilliae, Pasteuria spp., P. nishizawae, P. penetrans, P. ramosa, P. thornea, P. usgae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliNPV), Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae, S. kraussei, Streptomyces galbus, S. microflavus,'

[0272] L4) Biochemical pesticides with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscidal, pheromone and / or nematicidal activity: L-carvone, citral, (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate, ethyl formate, (E,Z)-2,4-ethyl decadienoate (pear ester), (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal, heptyl butyrate, isopropyl myristate, lavanulyl senecioate, cis-jasmone, 2-methyl-1 -butanol, methyl eugenol, methyl jasmonate, (E,Z)-2, 13-octadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate, (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol, (R)-1-octen-3-ol, pentatermanone, (E,Z,Z)-3, 8, 11 -tetradecatrienyl acetate, (Z,E)-9, 12-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate, (Z)-7-tetradecen-2-one, (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenal, (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol, extract of Chenopodium ambrosiodes, Neem oil, Quillay extract;

[0273] L5) Microbial pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator, plant growth promoting and / or yield enhancing activity: Azospirillum amazonense, A. brasilense, A. lipoferum, A. irakense, A. halopraeferens, Bradyrhizobium spp., B. elkanii, B. japonicum, B. liaoningense, B. lupini, Delftia acidovorans, Glomus intraradices, Mesorhizobium spp., Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, R. I. bv. trifolii, R. I. bv. viciae, R. tropici, Sinorhizobium melilotr,) Insecticides from classes 0.1 to 0.29 (IRAC classes 1 to 29): .1 Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors: carbamates (1A): aldicarb, alanycarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb; organophosphates (1 B): acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphosmethyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos- methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon, vamidothion; .2 GABA-gated chloride channel blockers: (2A): chlordane, endosulfan; (2B): ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, nicofluprole, pyrafluprole, pyriprole; .3 Sodium channel modulators: pyrethroids (3A): acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cylclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, befa-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, / ambc / a-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, a / pba-cypermethrin, befa-cypermethrin, fbefa-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucy- thrinate, flumethrin, fau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, meperfluthrin, metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, eps / 7on-momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin; (3B): DDT, methoxychlor; .4 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators: neonicotinoids (4A): acetamiprid, clothianidin, cycloxaprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam;

[0274] 4,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1-(2-oxiranylmethyl)-1 / 7-imidazol-2-amine, (2E)-1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]- N-nitro-2-pentylidenehydrazinecarboximidamide; 1 -[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro- 5-propoxy-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridine; (4B) nicotine; sufoximines (4C): sulfoxaflor; butenolindes (4D): flupyradifurone; mesionics (4E): dicloromezotiaz, fenmezoditiaz, trifl umezopy rim, pyridylidenes (4F): flupyrimin, 1-[(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)- pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2, 4-dione;

[0275] 0.5 nAChR allosteric modulators: spinetoram, spinosad;

[0276] 0.6 Glutamate gated chloride channel allosteric modulators: abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin, milbemectin;

[0277] 0.7 Juvenile hormone receptor modulators: hormone analogs (7 A): hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene; fenoxycarb (7B), pyriproxyfen (70);

[0278] 0.8 miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors: methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; chloropicrin, cryolite, sulfuryl fluoride, borax, tartar emetic;

[0279] 0.9 Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators: afidopyropen, pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon;

[0280] 0.10 Mite growth inhibitors: clofentezine, diflovidazin, hexythiazox; etoxazole;

[0281] 0.11 Microbial disruptors of midgut membranes: Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, B. t. subsp. aizawai, B. t. subsp. kurstaki, B. t. subsp. tenebrionis, B. sphaericus,' B.t. crop proteins: Cry1 Ab, CrylAc, Cry1 Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34 / 35Ab1;

[0282] 0.12 Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase: diafenthiuron; azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, propargite, tetradifon;

[0283] 0.13 Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient: chlorfenapyr, DNOC, sulfluramid;

[0284] 0.14 nAChR channel blockers: bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, thiosultap-sodium;

[0285] 0.15 Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis CHS1 : bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron;

[0286] 0.16 Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1 : buprofezin;

[0287] 0.17 Moulting disruptors: cyromazine;

[0288] 0.18 Ecdyson receptor agonists: methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide, chromafenozide;

[0289] 0.19 Octopamin receptor agonists: amitraz;

[0290] 0.20 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors - Qo site: hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim, flupyroxystrobin, bifenazate;

[0291] 0.21 Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors: fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad; rotenone;

[0292] 0.22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers: indoxacarb, metaflumizone, oxazosulfyl, 2-[2-(4-cyano- phenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide, N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)-[4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]- hydrazinecarboxamide, N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1 , 1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]- 1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, 2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-

[0293] 1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-A / -[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide;

[0294] 0.23 Inhibitors of the of acetyl CoA carboxylase: spidoxamat, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, spiropidion, spirobudifen, 11 -(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1 ,4-dioxa-9-aza- dispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradec-11-en-10-one;

[0295] 0.24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors: aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine, zinc phosphide, cyanide;

[0296] 0.25 Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors: cyclobutrifluram, cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, cyetpyrafen, pyflubumide;

[0297] 0.28 Ryanodine receptor-modulators: chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyhalodiamide, flubendiamide, pixoaniliprole, fluchlodiniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, tiorantraniliprole, (R)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1 ,2,2,2 -tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-

[0298] 2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, (S)-3-chloro-A / 1-{2-methyl-4-[1 ,2,2,2— tetrafluoro-

[0299] 1 -(tr if I uoromethy I )ethy I] pheny I }- A / 2-( 1 -methy I -2-methy Isu Ifony lethy I) ph th al ami de, methyl-

[0300] 2-[3,5-dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1 / 7-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoyl]-

[0301] 1 ,2-dimethylhydrazinecarboxylate; N-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(diethyl- / ambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]- phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; N-[4-chloro-2-[(diethyl- / ambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-

[0302] 3-carboxamide; N-[2-(5-amino-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro- 2-pyridinyl)-1 / 7-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; 3-chloro-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-[[(1-cyano-

[0303] 1 -methy lethy I) ami no]car bony I] phenyl] - 1 / - / -pyrazole-5-carboxamide; / V-[4-chloro-2-[[(1 , 1 -d I methy I ethy I)- amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1 / 7-pyrazole- 5-carboxamide; N-[2-(5-amino-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro- 2-pyridinyl)-1 / 7-pyrazole-5-carboxamide;

[0304] 0.29 Chordotonal organ modulators: flonicamid;

[0305] 0.30 GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators: broflanilide, cyproflanilide, fluralaner, fluxamet- amide, isocycloseram, lotilaner, piperflanilide, sarolaner, tigolaner, umifoxolaner;

[0306] 0.33 Calcium-activated potassium channel modulators: acynonapyr;

[0307] 0.34 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors - Qi site: flometoquin;

[0308] 0.35 RNA interference mediated target suppressors: ledprona;

[0309] 0.36: Chordotonal organ modulators: dimpropyridaz;

[0310] O.UN Unknown or uncertain mode of action: afoxolaner, azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoximate, benzpyrimoxan, bromopropylate, bisulfufen, chinomethionat, dicofol, fluazaindolizine, flufenerim, fluen- sulfone, fluhexafon, flupentiofenox, indazapyroxamet, isoflualanam, metaldehyde, metoxadiazone, piperonyl butoxide, pyridalyl, sulfiflumin, tioxazafen, trifluenfuronate, tyclopyrazoflor;11-(4-chloro- 2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1 ,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]-tetradec-11-en-10-one, 3-(4'-fluoro- 2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano- 5-[[[2,6-dibromo-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]- 2-methyl-benzamide, 4-cyano-3-[(4-cyano-2-methyl-benzoyl)amino]-N-[2,6-dichloro-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-he- xafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-benzamide, N-[5-[[[2-chloro-6-cyano- 4-[1 , 2,2,3, 3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cy ano- 2-methyl-benzamide, N-[5-[[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]- phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide, N-[5-[[[2-bromo-6-chloro-

[0311] 4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano- 2-methyl-benzamide, 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoro- methyl)propyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide, 1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-

[0312] 5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 / 7-1,2,4-triazole-5-amine, N-[5-[[[2-bromo-

[0313] 6-chloro-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]- 4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide, 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoro- methyl)ethyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide, 5-[3-[2,6-dichloro- 4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenoxy]propoxy]-1 / 7-pyrazole; N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-

[0314] 4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)-propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano- 2-methyl-benzamide; 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)- propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide; 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-

[0315] 4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]_,phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide;

[0316] N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carba moyl]-2-cyano- phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide; 2-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-pyridine;

[0317] 2-[6-[2-(5-fluoro-3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazo_,lyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine; 2-[6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyri- dinyl]-pyrimidine; A / -methylsul_,fonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide;

[0318] N-methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide; 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]- 1 ,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-5-methoxy-7-methyl-8-nitro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine; 1-[(6-chloropyridin-

[0319] 3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-5-ol; N-(3-chloro- 2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)-[4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]- hydrazinecarboxamide; 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1 ,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-5-methoxy-7-methyl- 8-nitro-imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridine; 2-(3-pyridinyl)-A / -(2-pyrimidinylmethyl)-2 / 7-indazole-5-carboxamide; N-[4-chloro-3-[[(phenylmethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(1 , 1 ,2,2, 2-pentafluoroethyl)-

[0320] 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 / - / -pyrazole-5-carboxamide; N-[4-chloro-3-[[(phenylmethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-

[0321] 1-methyl-3-(1,1 ,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 / 7-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; 2-(3-ethylsul- fonyl-2-pyridyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-

[0322] 2-pyridyl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine; N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamo- yl)phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1 ,1 ,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide, N-[4-chloro-3-[(1-cyanocyclopropyl)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1 , 1,2,2, 2-pentafluoroethyl)- 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-propoxy- tetrahydropyran-2-yl]-N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; [(2S,3R,4R,5S, 6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]-N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluorometh- oxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl- 4-propoxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]-N-[4-[1-[4-(1 ,1 ,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-triazol- 3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]- N-[4-[1-[4-(1 ,1 ,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate;

[0323] (2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]- methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one, (2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(1 ,1 ,2,2,2-penta- fluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one, (2Z)-3-(2-iso- pro^py I ->pheny l)-2-[(E)-[4-[1 -[4-(1 , 1 , 2, 2,2-pentafl uoroethoxy)pheny I]- 1 , 2, 4-tri azol -3-yl]- phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one; 2-(6-chloro-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)- 3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(6-bromo-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin- 2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-6-iodo-imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-

[0324] 2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(7-chloro-3-ethylsulfonyl- imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(7-chloro-

[0325] 3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine,

[0326] 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-7-iodo-imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine,

[0327] 3-ethylsulfonyl-6-iodo-2-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridine-

[0328] 8-carbonitrile, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-8-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl- 6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-

[0329] 2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imi- dazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine, 2-(6-bromo-3-ethylsulfonyl- imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine; N-[[2-fluoro-4-[(2S,3S)-2-hydroxy-

[0330] 3-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide, A / -[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-2-methylsulfonyl-propanamide, / V-[4-chloro-3-[(1-cyanocyclopro- pyl)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-4-methylsulfonyl-5-(1, 1,2,2, 2-pentafluoroethyl)pyrazole-

[0331] 3-carboxamide, 1,4-dimethyl-2-[2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2H-indazol-5-yl]-1, 2, 4-triazolidine-3, 5-dione, N-[4-chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N-ethyl-3-methylsulfonyl-propanamide, N-cyclopropyl-

[0332] 5-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4 / 7-isoxazol-3-yl]isoquinoline-8-carbox- amide, 5-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4 / - / -isoxazol-3-yl]-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl- methyl)isoquinoline-8-carboxamide, N-[1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)- benzamide, 5-((1 R,3R)-3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropane-1-carboxamido)-

[0333] 2-chloro-A / -(3-(2,2-difluoroacetamido)-2,4-difluorophenyl)benzamide, 1-[6-(2,2-difluoro-7-methyl- [1 ,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]benzimidazol-6-yl)-5-ethylsulfonyl-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile,

[0334] 6-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)-2,2-difluoro-7-methyl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f] benzimidazole, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-A / -[(1 S)-1-[1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]-1 / 7-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl]ethyl]-benz- amide, 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)-5-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy)pyrazine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl- 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine,

[0335] 9-(methoxymethyl)-5-(3-pyridyl)-2-oxa-5,6,9,14-tetrazatricyclo[8.4.0.0A{3,7}]tetradeca-

[0336] 1 (10) ,3, 6, 11 , 13-pentaen-8-one, 2-[5-[(E)-2-chl oro-3, 3, 3-tr ifl uoro-prop- 1 -eny I]- 1 -methy I -i m id azol-2-y I] - 5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfonyl-pyridine, 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)- 5-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)-1 ,3-benzoxazole. The commercially available compounds M listed above may be found in The Pesticide Manual, 18th Edition,

[0337] C. MacBean, British Crop Protection Council (2018), or http: / / bcpcdata.com / pesticide-manual.html, http: / / www.alanwood.net / pesticides.

[0338] The active compounds described by IUPAC nomenclature are known from CN103814937; WC2013 / 003977, WC2007 / 101369, WC2018 / 177970, CN10171577, CN102126994, WC2007 / 101540, WC2007 / 043677, WC2011 / 085575, WC2008 / 134969, WC2012 / 034403, WC2006 / 089633,

[0339] WC2008 / 067911, WC2006 / 043635, WC2009 / 124707, WC2013 / 050317, WC2010 / 060379, WC2010 / 127926, WC2010 / 006713, WC2012 / 000896, WC2007 / 101369, WC2012 / 143317, WC2015 / 038503, EP2910126, WC2015 / 059039, WC2015 / 190316, WC2012 / 126766, WC2009 / 102736, WC2013 / 116053, WC2018 / 052136, WC2015150252, WC2020055955, WC2021158455, WC2013092350, WC201811111 , EP3608311 , WC2019236274, WC2013092350, WO 2018052136, WC2009102736, WC2016174049, WC2012126766, CN106554335, WC2017054524, CN105153113, WC2022072650; WC2018071327, WC2022101502, WO2012158396, WC2007079162, WC2020013147, WC2020097414, EP242081 , WC2023058748, WC2017065228, EP3428166, WC2021029308, WC2022009058, WC2017067500, WC2020090585, WC2017146226, WC2021043115, WC2023016278.

[0340] The composition may comprise auxiliaries as they are customarily used in agrochemical formulations. Examples for suitable auxiliaries are surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetters, further adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesion agents, rheology modifiers such as thickeners, repellents, compatibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, tackifiers, binders, filler, preservatives, and combinations thereof.

[0341] Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. Such surfactants can be used as emulsifier, dispersant, solubilizer, wetter, penetration enhancer, protective colloid, or adjuvant. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's, Vol.1 : Emulsifiers & Detergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International Ed. or North American Ed.).

[0342] Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof. Examples of sulfonates are alkylarylsulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignine sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecyl- and tridecylbenzenes, sulfonates of naphthalenes and alkylnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates. Examples of sulfates are sulfates of fatty acids and oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, of alcohols, of ethoxylated alcohols, or of fatty acid esters. Examples of phosphates are phosphate esters. Examples of carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates. Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylate surfactants, N-substituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Examples of alkoxylate surfactants are compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters which have been alkoxylated with 1 to 50 equivalents. Ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide may be employed for the alkoxylation, preferably ethylene oxide. Examples of N-substituted fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid alkanolamides. Examples of esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides. Examples of sugar-based surfactants are sorbitans, ethoxylated sorbitans, sucrose and glucose esters or alkylpolyglucosides. Examples of polymeric surfactants are home- or copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vi ny I alcohols, or vinylacetate.

[0343] Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, for example quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines. Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetains and imidazolines. Suitable block polymers are block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide. Suitable polyelectrolytes are poly acids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are alkali salts of polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases are polyvinylamines or polyethyleneamines.

[0344] Suitable further adjuvants are compounds which have a neglectable or even no pesticidal activity themselves, and which improve the biological performance of the pesticide on the target. Examples are surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils, and other auxiliaries. Further examples are listed by Knowles, Adjuvants and additives, Agrow Reports DS256, T&F Informa UK, 2006, chapter 5.

[0345] Suitable rheology modifiers include thickeners such as polysaccharides (e.g. xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose), inorganic clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates, and silicates.

[0346] Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones.

[0347] Suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.

[0348] Suitable anti-foaming agents are silicones, long chain alcohols, and salts of fatty acids.

[0349] Suitable colorants (e.g. in red, blue, or green) are pigments of low water solubility and water-soluble dyes. Examples are inorganic colorants (e.g. iron oxide, titan oxide, iron hexacyanoferrate) and organic colorants (e.g. alizarin-, azo- and phthalocyanine colorants). Suitable tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidons, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, biological or synthetic waxes, and cellulose ethers.

[0350] The skilled person is essentially familiar with agricultural compositions of active ingredients (see, for instance, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Fungicides Chapter 4, 5th ed. on CD-ROM, Wiley- VCH, 1997 and Mollet, H., Grubemann, A., Formulation technology, Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim (Federal Republic of Germany), 2001 , which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). Examples include water-soluble concentrates (SL, LS), dispersible concentrates (DC), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW, EC, ES), suspensions (SC, CD, FS), water-dispersible granules (WG, SG), water- dispersible or water-soluble powders (WP, SP, SS, WS), dusts or dustable powders (DP, DS), granules (GR, FG, GG, MG), ULV solutions (UL) and gel formualtions (GF).

[0351] The compositions can be prepared in the known manner, for example by extending the active ingredient component with one ore more auxiliary agents (see e.g. for review US 3,060,084, EP-A 707 445 (for liquid concentrates), Browning, ''Agglomeration”, Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, 147-48, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, pages 8-57 and et seq. WO 91 / 13546, US 4,172,714, US 4,144,050, US 3,920,442, US 5,180,587, US 5,232,701 , US 5,208,030, GB 2,095,558, US 3,299,566, Klingman, Weed Control as a Science, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1961 , Hance et al., Weed Control Handbook, 8th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1989 and Mollet, H., Grubemann, A., Formulation technology, Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim (Germany), 2001, 2. D. A. Knowles, Chemistry and Technology of Agrochemical Formulations, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1998 (ISBN 0-7514-0443-8), all of which being incorporated by reference in its entirety).

[0352] In one embodiment, the composition used in the method of the invention is a suspension concentrate (SC).

[0353] In another embodiment, the composition used in the method of the invention is selected from emulsifiable concentrates (EC). In this case, it is normally necessary to dissolve the water-insoluble agrochemical active ingredient in a water-immiscible solvent and add one or more surfactants, so that the solution will form an oil-in-water emulsion, when added to water. Such a formulation is called an Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) formulation. Alternatively, the water-immiscible solution comprising active ingredient can be pre-emulsified in water in a concentrated form. Such a formulation is called an Emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation.

[0354] Water-immiscible solvents commonly used for EC and EW formulations include, but are not limited to, aromatic hydrocarbons such as the SOLVESSO® series, paraffinic hydrocarbons such as the EXXSOL ® range, ester solvents such as the EXXATE® range, all of which are manufactured by EXXONMOBIL, and ester solvents such as methyloleate. Further, solvents that are water-immiscible at high concentration include cyclic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexanone and isophorone. In more recent times, solvents that exhibit improved toxicity and reduced flammability profiles have been used. These include the dibasic ester solvents of long chain di-acids having from 8-16 carbon units, which are usually methyl ester derivatives, and fatty acid amide solvents, examples of which are the dimethylamide and morpholineamide derivatives of Ce-Ci6 fatty acids.

[0355] In many cases, EC and EW formulations comprise one or more suitable surfactants or emulsifiers to facilitate its emulsification in water. Preferably, the composition comprises one or more nonionic and / or anionic surfactants.

[0356] The rainfastness enhancing agent may include further adjuvants suitable for improving rainfastness, such as paraffinic oils, aliphatic oils, aromatic oils, vegetable oil alkyl esters, fatty acid alkyl esters, polyether modified siloxanes, C8-C18 branched or linear alcohol alkoxylates, alkyl phosphates and mixtures thereof. Preferred further adjuvants include paraffinic oils, aliphatic oils, aromatic oils, vegetable oil alkyl esters, alkyl phosphates and mixtures thereof.

[0357] Agrochemical compositions may be provided in relatively high concentrations. Thus, it is very common to dilute such concentrated compositions with water, i.e. to emulsify the composition in water, before its application on the crop. The preparation of such diluted emulsions with water is often referred to as "spray solution”. Such spray solutions typically comprise 0.03 to 16 grams of agrochemical active ingredient per liter.

[0358] Typically, the amount of aqueous polymer dispersion in the spray solution is adjusted such that 50 to 1000 g, preferably 100 to 500 g of aqueous polymer dispersion, calculated as the solids content thereof, per hectare are applied.

[0359] Typically, 50 to 300 1 of spray solution are applied per hectare.

[0360] In one embodiment, the amount of aqueous polymer dispersion in the spray solution is 0.1 g to 20 g per liter of spray solution, more preferably 0.2 g to 10 g per liter of spray solution and particularly preferably 0.3 to 10 g per liter or 0.35 to 2.5 g per liter of spray solution, aqueous polymer dispersion, calculated as the solids content thereof.

[0361] According to the method of the invention, the composition is applied to a plant surface, preferably to a surface of an above-ground part of the plant. In one embodiment, it is applied to the leaves of a crop (foliar application).

[0362] Examples of suitable crop plants are cereals, for example wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; beet, for example sugar or fodder beet; pome fruit, stone fruit and soft fruit, for example apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, currants or gooseberries; legumes, for example beans, lentils, peas, lucerne or soybeans; oil crops, for example oilseed rape, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconut, cacao, castor beans, oil palm, peanuts or soybeans; cucurbits, for example pumpkins / squash, cucumbers or melons; fiber crops, for example cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, for example oranges, lemons, grapefruit or tangerines; vegetable plants, for example spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, pumpkin / squash or capsicums; plants of the laurel family, for example avocados, cinnamon or camphor; energy crops and industrial feedstock crops, for example maize, soybeans, wheat, oilseed rape, sugar cane or oil palm; maize; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; bananas; wine (dessert grapes and grapes for vinification); hops; grass, for example turf; sweetleaf (Stevia rebaudania); rubber plants and forest plants, for example flowers, shrubs, deciduous trees and coniferous trees, and harvested produce of these plants.

[0363] Various other types of oils, wetters, adjuvants, fertilizers, or micronutrients, and further pesticides (e.g. herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, safeners) may be added to the composition, if appropriate not until immediately prior to use. These agents can be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1 : 100 to 100: 1 , preferably 1 : 10 to 10: 1 .

[0364] The user usually applies the composition from a predosage device, a knapsack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray plane, or an irrigation system.

[0365] The invention is illustrated by the examples that follow.

[0366] Examples

[0367] A. Materials and Methods

[0368] Suspension Concentrates (Azoxystrobin 250 SC)

[0369] Suspension concentrates comprising 250 g / L of azoxystrobin (Azoxystrobin 250 SC), 400 g / L of terbuthylazine (Terbuthylazine 400 SC) and 500 g / L of atrazine (Atrazine 500 SC), respectively, were prepared under standard conditions known to the skilled person.

[0370] Rainfastness Test Method "Light Rainfall” - Azoxystrobin 250 SC (up to 10 min)

[0371] Twenty-five droplets (20 piL) of an application mixture containing Azoxystrobin 250 SC (2% w / w) and an aqueous polymer dispersion as indicated below (1.2% w / w product at 33% solids, about 0.4% w / w solid polymer) in CIPAC D water (added up to 100%) were deposited onto a parafilm sheet (10 x 10 cm) in a 5 x 5 grid pattern and allowed to dry under air at 21 °C. Parafilm was used as a model surface for leaves. The parafilm sheets with the dried deposited formulations were mounted onto a metal sheet placed at an angle of 45° in a plastic receptacle under a circular jet spray nozzle. The parafilm sheets were then exposed to simulated rainfall at a spray volume rate of 6.5 L / h for up to 10 min using a "light rainfall” equipment comprising Exo Terra Monsoon Multi II simulated rain mister (available from Exo Terra) equipped with a circular jet spray nozzle. After exposure to the rain cycle, the parafilm sheet was removed from the metal sheet and allowed to dry at 21 °C.

[0372] After the parafilm sheet was dry, an image of the inherent fluorescence of the dried droplets on parafilm was measured using an Olympus digital camera in a UV cabinet equipped with two UV lamps (A = 366 nm) and the fluorescence area intensity was quantified using IQ Fluorescence Software from DAT INF. A comparison of the total fluorescence area before and after the rain cycle is calculated to give the percentage of residual fluorescence, and thus material, after the rain cycle. For example, a value of 100% equates to complete retention after the rain cycle, whereas a value of 0% equates to complete loss of material after the rain cycle.

[0373] Rainfastness Test Method "Light Rainfall'' - Azoxystrobin 250 SC (up to 20 min)

[0374] The same method as for ""Light Rainfall" - Azoxystrobin 250 SC (up to 10 min)" (see above) was applied, with the difference that the parafilm sheets were exposed to simulated rainfall at a spray volume rate of 6.5 L / h for up to 20 min.

[0375] Rainfastness Test Method "Light Rainfall” - Terbuthylazine 400 SC

[0376] The same method as for ""Light Rainfall" - Azoxystrobin 250 SC (up to 10 min)" (see above) was applied, with the difference that Terbuthylazine 400 SC was used instead of Azoxystrobin 250 SC.

[0377] Rainfastness Test Method "Light Rainfall” - Atrazine 500 SC

[0378] The same method as for ""Light Rainfall" - Azoxystrobin 250 SC (up to 10 min)" (see above) was applied, with the difference that Atrazine 500 SC was used instead of Azoxystrobin 250 SC.

[0379] Rainfastness Test Method "Heavy Rainfall”

[0380] The same method as for ""Light Rainfall" - Azoxystrobin 250 SC (up to 10 min)" (see above) was applied, with the difference that a self-built rainfall kit ("heavy rainfall” equipment) was used instead of the Exo Terra Multi II equipment as described above. The self-built rainfall kit comprises a garden hose pump which enables a water spray volume rate of 35 L / h. The garden hose pump was attached to a flat spray nozzle via a plastic tubing (available from Lechler). Due to the increased water spray volume, the parafilm sheets with deposited formulations were exposed to the simulated heavy rainfall for a maximum of 60 seconds. Transmittance of 532nm-Wavelength-Light

[0381] "Transmittance of 532nm-wavelength-light” means the transmittance measured with a wave length of 532 nm light using standard machines, such as preferably Hach Lange DR6000 spectrometer, compared to the transmittance of the standard, which usually is plain water suitable for such measurement, preferably being distilled or even bi-distilled water, at a concentration of 0.01 wt.% and a cuvette of 1 centimeter length of dispersion for the rays to pass through.

[0382] B. Aqueous Polymer Dispersions

[0383] Aqueous polymer dispersions 1 , 2 and 3 were prepared as follows. The individual amounts of the components are indicated in the tables below.

[0384] A 4 L glass reactor (temperature control, anchor stirrer and reflux condenser under nitrogen gas atmosphere) was precharged with a solution of sodium acetate, carboxymethyl cellulose (Finnfix 10, CP Kelco) and 95 wt.-% maltodextrin with a dextrose equivalent of 10 (CDry MD01910, Cargill) in demineralized water. The mixture was heated to 70 °C while stirring at 120 rpm to obtain a transparent solution.

[0385] In a second glass reactor, an emulsion was prepared. Emulsifiers in accordance with the tables below, such as lauryl ether sulfate (Disponil FES 27, BASF), alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonate (Dowfax 2A1 , Dow) or sodium octyl succinic acid (Lumiten I - SC, BASF), were dissolved in water and a mixture of vinyl acetate, vinyl laurate and methacrylic acid ester-PEG C18 (Visiomer C18 PEG 1105, Evonik) were added dropwise. A stable emulsion was obtained (Feed 1). Optionally, 2-ethylhexyl-thioglycolate was added.

[0386] As a first initiator redox system, separate solutions of 7 wt.-% of sodium persulfate in water (Feed 2) and 2 wt.-% of ascorbic acid (Lutavit C) in water (Feed 3) were provided. To initiate the reaction, 5 wt.-% of the total amount of Feed 1 was added to the precharge at 70 °C and stirred for 5 min. Feed 2 and Feed 3 were dosed in simultaneously. The total dosing time of Feed 2 and Feed 3 was 255 min. 15 min after starting the dosing in of Feed 2 and 3, the remaining Feed 1 was dosed in over a period of 210 min.

[0387] A second redox initiator system was used to reduce the residual monomer content. For this second redox initiator system, a 10.0 wt.-% tert-butyl hydroperoxide solution in water (Feed 4) and a 2.5 wt.-% acetone bisulfite solution (Feed 5) were provided. Feed 5 was obtained as follows: 7.62 g sodium disulfite (Na2S2O5) were dissolved in 87.6 g deionized water (Mixture A). 95.22 g aqueous NaHSOa (8.8 wt.-%) and 4.78 g acetone were mixed (Mixture B). Mixtures A and B were mixed to obtain 100.00 g acetone bisulfite solution (13.1 wt-%), which was diluted with water to obtain a 2.5 wt.-% acetone bisulfite solution (Feed 5).

[0388] After Feeds 1 , 2 and 3 were dosed in, the tert-butyl hydroperoxide solution (Feed 4) was added. Subsequently, the acetone bisulfite solution (Feed 5) was dosed in over the course of 30 min. Then, a small amount of a 15 wt.-% of hydrogen peroxide solution in water (Feed 6) was added to achieve a white color lasting dispersion. The residual monomer content of vinyl acetate was found to be less than 300 ppm. The acetaldehyde content was less than 800 ppm. Residual monomer contents were measured by gas chromatography against calibrated standards.

[0389] After cooling to 25 °C, the dispersion was filtered with a nylon filter (125 pm).

[0390] Table: Feed Compositions of Aqueous Polymer Dispersions 1 , 2 and 3 The table below shows the concentrations of the components of aqueous polymer dispersions 1 , 2 and 3 in parts per hundred million (pphm), as well as the characteristics of aqueous polymer dispersions 1, 2 and 3. The aqueous polymer dispersions were characterized by total solids content, transmittance of 532-nm wavelength-light (determined according to the method above), pH value (determined at room temperature, i.e. 23 °C, and atmospheric pressure), the amount of coagulum remaining in the filter (determined by washing the filter with water and comparing the weight before and after filtration), and the particle size distribution D50 (determined in accordance with ISO 13320:2009). Table: Composition (Solids Content) and Characteristics of Aqueous Polymer Dispersions 1 and 2 C. Rainfastness Test Results

[0391] An aqueous base formulation comprising Azoxystrobin 250 SC, as well as aqueous application mixtures 1 to 3 comprising Azoxystrobin 250 SC and one of aqueous polymer dispersions 1 to 3 were provided.

[0392] Test Results "Light Rain”

[0393] As shown in Table 2a, Azoxystrobin 250 SC was removed from the model surface under light rainfall of 6.5 L / h after only 1 min (0% residual fluorescence area), indicating poor rainfastness of the aqueous base formulation. On the other hand, the inclusion of aqueous polymer dispersion 1 , 2 and 3, respectively, significantly improved the rainfastness. For example, aqueous application mixture 3 enables the retention of up to 90% of the base formulation on the model surface after 10 min, indicating excellent rainfastness.

[0394] Table 2a. Azoxystrobin 250 SC - Residual fluorescence area [%] after simulated rain treatment at 6.5 L / h after 1 , 2, 5 and 10 min in the presence of aqueous polymer dispersions 1 to 3.

[0395] As shown in Table 2b, the advantageous effects of aqueous application mixture 3 could be reproduced. Again, Azoxystrobin 250 SC was removed from the model surface under light rainfall of 6.5 L / h after only 1 min (0% residual fluorescence area), indicating poor rainfastness of the aqueous base formulation. On the other hand, the inclusion of aqueous polymer dispersion 3 significantly improved the rainfastness. In particular, aqueous application mixture 3 enables the retention of up to 78% of the base formulation on the model surface after 20 min, indicating excellent rainfastness.

[0396] Table 2b. Azoxystrobin 250 SC - Residual fluorescence area [%] after simulated rain treatment at 6.5 L / h after 1, 5, 10 and 20 min in the presence of aqueous polymer dispersion 3.

[0397] As shown in Table 2c, the advantageous effects of aqueous application mixture 3 were also observed for Terbuthylazine 400 SC. Terbuthylazine 400 SC was removed from the model surface under light rainfall of 6.5 L / h after only 1 min (0% residual fluorescence area), indicating poor rainfastness of the aqueous base formulation. On the other hand, the inclusion of aqueous polymer dispersion 3 significantly improved the rainfastness. In particular, aqueous application mixture 3 enables the retention of over 90% of the base formulation on the model surface after 10 min, indicating excellent rainfastness.

[0398] Table 2c. Terbuthylazine 400 SC - Residual fluorescence area [%] after simulated rain treatment at 6.5 L / h after 1 and 10 min in the presence of aqueous polymer dispersion 3.

[0399] As shown in Table 2d, the advantageous effects of aqueous application mixture 3 were also observed for Atrazine 500 SC. Atrazine 500 SC was removed from the model surface under light rainfall of 6.5 L / h after only 1 min (0% residual fluorescence area), indicating poor rainfastness of the aqueous base formulation. On the other hand, the inclusion of aqueous polymer dispersion 3 significantly improved the rainfastness. In particular, aqueous application mixture 3 enables the retention of over 89% of the base formulation on the model surface after 10 min, indicating excellent rainfastness. Table 2d. Atrazine 500 SC - Residual fluorescence area [%] after simulated rain treatment at 6.5 L / h after 1 and 10 min in the presence of aqueous polymer dispersion 3.

[0400] Test Results "Heavy Rain” As shown in Table 3, Azoxystrobin 250 SC was removed from the model surface under heavy rainfall of 35 L / h after only 20 seconds (0% residual fluorescence area), indicating poor rainfastness of the base formulation. On the other hand, the inclusion of aqueous polymer dispersion 1 and 3, respectively, significantly improved the rainfastness. For example, aqueous application mixture 3 enables the retention of up to 70% of the original formulation on the model surface after 60 seconds, indicating excellent rainfastness.

[0401] Table 3. Residual fluorescence area [%] after simulated rain treatment at 35 L / h after 20 and 60 s in the presence of aqueous polymer dispersions 1 and 3.

[0402]

Claims

Claims1 . A method for improving rainfastness of an agrochemical active ingredient comprising applying to a plant surface a composition containing at least one agrochemical active ingredient and a rainfastness enhancing agent, the rainfastness enhancing agent comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion, obtainable by radical aqueous emulsion polymerization of a mixture comprising a) ethylenically unsaturated monomers M, with M comprising(1) at least one vinyl ester M1, preferably comprising vinyl acetate, more preferably comprising vinyl acetate at least 50%, and(2) at least one (meth)acrylic acid ester M2 optionally comprising methacrylic acid as minor component, the (meth)acrylic acid in the methacrylic acid ester being bonded via an ether- function to a polyalkylene oxide-derived-block PAO, wherein the PAO consists of 2 to40 alkylene oxide AO-units, most preferably 25 AO-units, with the PAO preferably being further linked via an ether-function to an C1 to C24, preferably at least C4, more preferably at least 06, even more preferably 08 to 024-aliphatic alkanol, most preferably a 018-aliphatic alkanol, with the AO-unit being preferably selected from EO, PO and / or BuO, more preferably at least EO in an amount of from 50, more preferably at least 75, even more preferably at least 90 wt.% most preferably essentially only EO, based on total AO-units; preferably comprising methacrylic acid, more preferably with the methacrylic acid ester and the free methacrylic acid being in a ratio of from about 70 w% / 30w% to 80 w% / 20w%, more preferably about 75 w% / 25w%;(3) optionally further monomers M3 polymerizable with M1 and M2, preferably none; b) 1 to 15, preferably 2 to 10%, based on the total weight of monomers M, of a carboxyl-groups- containing compound CGCC being selected from a compound bearing in its structure at least three carboxyl-groups of which at least 10 and at most 90 percent are being deprotonated, selected from the group comprising citric acid, isocitric acid; ethylendiamintetraacetic acid; nitriloacetic acid; tartaric acid; oligomeric and polyacrylic acid; oligomeric and poly methacrylic acid; trimelitic acid; oligomeric aminoacids with carboxy groups such as polyaspartic acid; oligomeric and polyglutaminic acid; oligomeric and polyacetates with carboxygroups such as poly(glyoxalic)aldehyde; carboxylated oligomeric and polymeric saccharides such as oxidized starch (mixtures of amylopektines, amylose); polyglucuronates; cellulose oxidized to cellouronate; natural polycarboxylatic polysaccharide such as xylanes; pektines acid; alginic acid; carboxymethylated polysaccharides based on 1,4-polyglucanes, 1,3-polyglucanes, 1,6- polyglucanes; Poly-uronic acids based on 1,4-polyglucanes, 1,3-polyglucanes, 1,6-polyglucanes; polygalacturonic; preferably carboxylated polysaccharides, more preferably carboxylated cellulose, even more preferably carboxylated methylcellulose; c) at least one non-carboxylated saccharide and / or polysaccharide S, such as glucose, starch degradation products, maltodextrin, in an amount of 2 to 50, preferably 5 to 35wt% based on the total weight of monomers M; d) at least one emulsifier selected from non-ionic and anionic surfactants; e) optionally sulfate ions; and f) optionally sulfite ions; wherein - preferably - the amount of M1 is from 80 to 99.99 mol%, and the amount of M2 is from 0.01 to 20 mole%, and preferably at most 10, even more preferably at most 5, more preferably at most 2%, the total amount of M1 plus M2 being 100 weight percent, and wherein the dispersion has - after the end of the polymerization - a pH of up to 4.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the vinyl ester M1 monomer comprises vinyl acetate with at least 50%, even more preferably at least 90% based on the total molar amount of vinyl esters, and the least one (meth)acrylic acid ester M2 is a (meth)acrylic acid being bonded via an ether-function to a polyalkylene oxide-derived-block PAO, wherein the PAO consists of 20 to 30 alkylene oxide AO-units, most preferably 25 AO-units, with the PAO preferably being further linked via an ether- function to an C14 to C22 -aliphatic alkanol, most preferably a C16 / 18-aliphatic alkanol, with the AO-unit being selected from EO and PO and / or BuO, more preferably EO and PO, with the EO in an amount of from 75, even more preferably at least 90 wt.%, most preferably essentially only EO, based on total AO-units; further comprising methacrylic acid, with the methacrylic acid ester and the free methacrylic acid being in a ratio of from about 70 w% / 30w% to 80 w% / 20w%, more preferably about 75 w% / 25w%; and M3 being not comprised.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the vinyl ester M1 monomer comprises vinyl acetate with at least 90% based on the total molar amount of vinyl esters, preferably essentially only vinyl acetate, and the least one (meth)acrylic acid ester M2 is a (meth)acrylic acid being bonded via an ether-function to a polyalkylene oxide-derived-block PAO, wherein the PAO consists of 23 to 27 alkylene oxide AO-units, most preferably on average 25 AO-units, with the PAO preferably being further linked via an ether-function to essentially C16 / 18-aliphatic alkanol, most preferably a C16 / 18-aliphatic alkanol, with the AO-unit being essentially only EO; further comprising methacrylic acid, with the methacrylic acid ester and the free methacrylic acid being in a ratio of from about 70 w% / 30w% to 80 w% / 20w%, more preferably about 75 w% / 25w%.

4. The method according to claim 3, whereinM1 is vinyl acetate, and the least one (meth)acrylic acid ester M2 is a methacrylic acid being bonded via an ether-function to a polyethylene oxide block PEO, wherein the PEO consists of on average 25 AO-units, with the PEO being further linked via an ether-function to a C 16 / 18-aliphatic alkanol, further comprising methacrylic acid, with the methacrylic acid ester and the free methacrylic acid being in a ratio of about 75 w% / 25w%.

5. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the CGCC is a carboxyl-groups-containing compound being selected from carboxylated polysaccharides, more preferably carboxylated cellulose, even more preferably carboxylated methylcellulose, preferably in amounts of 2.5 to 10 most preferably about 5 weight percent based on the total amount of monomers M1+M2+M3.

6. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the dispersed polymer particles have a D [4,3] value as determined by static light scattering of at least 100 and up to 1000 nm.

7. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one saccharide and / or polysaccharide S is a starch degradation product, preferably a maltodextrin, in an amount of 10 to 30, preferably 15 to 25 wt%, more preferably 17 to 23 wt%, based on the total weight of monomers M.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein S is a degraded starch having a dextrose equivalent according to Lane and Eynon in the range from 2 to 40%.

9. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein as compound S a degraded starch is employed having a number average molecular weight in the range from 300 to 2000 Dalton, as determined by osmometry, and preferably in a range of from 5 to 150, more preferably up to 70, even more preferably up to 50, and more preferably from 10, even more preferably from 15, and most preferably from 20, each in weight percent based on the total weight of monomers M1+M2+M3.

10. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one agrochemical active ingredient is selected from pesticides, in particular fungicides, insecticides and herbicides.11 . The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition further comprises auxiliaries selected from surfactants; dispersants; emulsifiers; wetters; further adjuvants; solubilizers; penetration enhancers; protective colloids; adhesion agents; rheology modifiers,preferably thickeners; repellents; compatibilizers; bactericides; anti-freezing agents; anti-foaming agents; colorants; tackifiers; binders; fillers; preservatives; and combinations thereof.

12. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises (a) from 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.025 to 8% by weight and in particular from0.05 to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of the aqueous polymer dispersion, calculated as the solids content thereof;(b) from 0.005 to 8% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 5% by weight and in particular from 0.025 to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of the at least one agrochemical active ingredient; and(c) water ad 100% by weight.

13. The composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. The use of the aqueous polymer dispersion as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9 as a rainfastness enhancing agent in a composition containing at least one agrochemical active ingredient.

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