Tool holder and tool for unblocking a toilet or dividing an extra large stool

Abstract

Tool holder and tool for unblocking a toilet or dividing an extra large stool A tool (100, 200) includes a narrow, elongate, flexible blade (120, 220) extending in collinear relation from a handle (110, 210) and having oppositely directed narrow surfaces, at least one of the narrow surfaces defining a blunt cutting edge (124, 224). The blade is relatively stiff in its breadth dimension so that the blunt cutting edge or edges can be used to cut soft waste in a toilet pan (3), and relatively flexible in its thickness dimension so that the blade can be urged flexibly through the trap (2) of the toilet to clear a blockage in the trap. In a first aspect, the blade (120, 220) is stored in a narrow, tubular receptacle (310, 410) forming a holder (300, 400) for spare toilet rolls (5), wherein the handle (110, 210) forms a guide for the toilet rolls (5) stacked onto a support surface (321, 421) of the holder. In a second aspect, the blade (120, 220) includes an internal structure defining its flexibility characteristic.

Description

[0001] Tool holder and tool for unblocking a toilet or dividing an extra large stool

[0002] This invention relates to tools for use in unblocking toilets, and more particularly to tools for use in dividing an extra large stool so that it can be flushed through the trap.

[0003] Definitions

[0004] In this specification:

[0005] A toilet means a flush toilet, which is to say, an apparatus having a pan for receiving waste including stools (faeces) and leading into a water filled trap through which the waste is flushed away by a flow of water discharged into the pan. The trap is often referred to as the bend, and may have a variety of shapes but generally includes a U-shaped portion that retains water at the bottom of the pan.

[0006] The toilet pan may be of the sit-down type, which is to say, of the type that provides a seat for the user. The trap may be of the washdown or washout type commonly found in the United Kingdom (operating without siphonic action), or of the siphonic type which has a relatively narrower trap, more commonly found in the USA. In such toilets the pan is often referred to as the bowl. Alternatively, the toilet pan may be of the squatting type, which does not provide a seat, in which case the pan forms the opening through which the waste matter is deposited.

[0007] A lavatory means a room that contains a toilet.

[0008] A stool means a single solid piece of faeces.

[0009] An extra large stool, abbreviated herein as an XLS, means a stool that is too large to pass through the trap of a toilet compliant with British industrial standard BS EN 997:2018, without first being divided into pieces.

[0010] Further definitions are set out below.

[0011] Background of the Invention

[0012] It is common for the trap of a toilet to become blocked when an excessive volume of waste material such as toilet paper or other sanitary products becomes lodged in the trap and consolidated by the static pressure of the flush, often leaving the pan nearly full of water.

[0013] Blockages of this type may be cleared by pressing a plunger or similar device against the opening of the trap at the bottom of the pan to generate pressure which urges the blockage through the trap. However, it can be difficult to use such tools without splashing when the pan is full. Moreover, such tools are bulky and unattractive and so some householders are reluctant to keep them in the lavatory. In consequence, the tool is often not available for use by a person who wishes to clear a blockage before leaving the lavatory.

[0014] To overcome this reluctance, it is known to conceal a plunger in a decorative cover.

[0015] It is also known to arrange a plunger in a holder which supports toilet rolls stacked over the handle of the plunger, as taught by US5456356 A, US6193059 Bl, US4432451 A, US10264928 Bl, US2011168581 Al, US2008073243 Al, or US6854596 Bl.

[0016] As an alternative to a plunger, it is known to employ an elongate blade to pierce through the blockage, allowing water to flow through the blockage and carry it away.

[0017] WO2016116913 Al teaches a tool having a flexible, curved blade with a blunt, piercing tip and a rigid handle portion. The blade is urged through the trap to pierce through a mass of waste material, disrupting the blockage so that it can be flushed away. WO2018015939 Al teaches a similar tool incorporating a plunger portion.

[0018] US2014123377 Al teaches an unblocking tool having an elongate, flexible blade with a handle and a guard, and a sheath for storing the blade.

[0019] W02012046067 Al teaches a toilet cleaning tool having an elongate shaft with a handle at one end and a silicone rubber blade at the other. The tool is stored in a holder, which can be mounted to a surface or on a free standing base.

[0020] US7194773 B2, W02006098731 Al, DE20202092 Ul, and ES1210091 U teach various toilet unblocking tools having a flattened blade in the form of a paddle or spatula.

[0021] W02023080989 Al teaches a toilet unblocking tool having a handle and an elongate, flexible blade that may taper towards the tip. Various structural arrangements including living hinges allow the blade to transform locally from a rigid, e.g. tubular profile, to a flattened, more flexible profile.

[0022] The XLS

[0023] In order for an XLS to be flushed away through the trap, it is first necessary to cut it into pieces within the pan.

[0024] For many people this is a frequent and predictable occurrence, and yet this problem attracts relatively little attention. People who habitually produce an XLS generally don't talk about it, and in consequence, people who don't produce an XLS generally don't know about it. Thus, the problem of how to dispose of an XLS is both common, and widely unrecognised.

[0025] Often the only available tool will be a toilet brush, which however is difficult to clean if used for this purpose.

[0026] A more suitable implement is a knife or spatula. Such tools are available with a metal blade or a blade with a metal core covered in silicone, for example, from www.originalpoopknife.com. Another example in the form of a spatula is supplied by Proops Brothers Ltd of Fleckney, Leicester, GB and available online at www.proopsbrothers.com under product no. X8160. This implement has a hooked handle so that it can be hung from a convenient support.

[0027] However, people who are unaware of the problem of the XLS will not recognise the purpose of such tools, and others may be reluctant to keep such a tool on display in the lavatory. In consequence, the person who needs to use such a tool is unlikely to find it available unless in their own lavatory.

[0028] US2009045275 Al teaches a chopping tool for use in dividing stools within the toilet pan, having a flat blade, a handle and a guard, and a holder for storing the tool in the lavatory.

[0029] GB2397753 A teaches a tool having a long rigid spatula blade with a flexible scraper tip and a rounded pommel handle. The blade may be removably housed in the handle of a toilet brush, so that the tool can be withdrawn for use in dividing stools within the toilet pan. A similar tool may have a flexible blade to assist in dispersing waste within the trap. The tool may be housed in a cylindrical receptacle with a D-shaped handle.

[0030] Despite the usefulness of such tools for cutting up an XLS, it is relatively rare to find such tools in a lavatory unless they are required for that purpose by the householder.

[0031] The object of the invention

[0032] In a first aspect, a general object of the present invention is to provide a tool that can be used by a person who needs to cut an XLS into pieces within a toilet pan, and especially if the user happens to be in a lavatory that is not their own.

[0033] In a second aspect, an object of the invention is to provide a tool having an elongate, flexible blade suitable for clearing a blockage in the trap of a toilet, and for cutting an XLS into pieces in the pan.

[0034] Summary of the invention

[0035] In accordance with the first aspect of the invention, the problem is solved by the apparatus of claim 1.

[0036] In accordance with the second aspect of the invention, the problem is solved by the tool as defined in claim 12.

[0037] In further aspects, there are disclosed, respectively, an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a moulded product by injection moulding from two different materials, as further defined below.

[0038] In a yet further aspect, there is disclosed a method for manufacturing a mould, as further defined below. The apparatus and methods of the further aspects may be used in the production of the first blade 120 by injection moulding, or for producing any other product.

[0039] Further definitions

[0040] In this specification:

[0041] A "blunt cutting edge" means an edge that is capable of cutting through an XLS or other soft waste items, but blunt enough that it will not cut the user's hand when wiping the blade clean with toilet paper. "Blunt cutting edges" is construed accordingly.

[0042] "Resistance to bending" means stiffness or flexural modulus, as determined in a three-point bending test.

[0043] "Compressive yield strength" means the stress at which permanent deformation occurs when tested in compression as defined in US industrial standard ASTM D695-23.

[0044] "Elastic modulus" means Young's modulus of elasticity in tension, which may be determined as defined in US industrial standard ASTM Elll-04.

[0045] In accordance with structure A, the core material has a higher elastic modulus than the support material. In accordance with structure B, the first polymer has a higher elastic modulus than the elastomer.

[0046] These relative values may be determined by a comparative test using corresponding bars of the respective materials, having the same cross-section, and subjecting each of the bars to equal stress in tension within the elastic limit of both bars. The bars may be identical in shape or may vary as appropriate to facilitate the test without skewing the results (e.g. the ends of the elastomer bar may be enlarged to a dumb-bell shape so as to engage the test machine.) The bar that exhibits the smaller strain in the direction of the tension force is taken to have the higher elastic modulus.

[0047] Each material is oriented, in the test, as if the force were applied along the length axis X of the blade. For example, if the material under test includes a high aspect ratio filler that is oriented along the length axis X, then the filler is oriented in the test in the direction of the applied force. of the invention in its first

[0048] In embodiments in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, an apparatus for use in unblocking a trap of a toilet includes a tool and a tool holder.

[0049] The tool includes an elongate handle and an elongate blade connected together in fixed, collinear relation to extend in a length dimension along a length axis X of the tool. The blade extends for a length L along the length axis X from the handle to a tip of the blade.

[0050] A mid-portion of the blade between the handle and the tip has a pair of oppositely facing narrow surfaces, a breadth B between the narrow surfaces in a breadth dimension perpendicular to the length dimension, and a maximum thickness Tmax in a thickness dimension perpendicular to the length and breadth dimensions, wherein L > B > Tmax.

[0051] At least one of the narrow surfaces is a blunt cutting edge. Preferably, each of the narrow surfaces is a respective blunt cutting edge, whereby the breadth B is defined between a pair of oppositely facing blunt cutting edges.

[0052] The mid-portion of the blade has a greater resistance to bending in the breath dimension than in the thickness dimension, and is elastically bendable in the thickness dimension to allow the tip to move slidingly through a trap of a toilet when urged through the trap by a compressive force acting along the length axis X at the handle.

[0053] When considered in an upright use position, the tool holder includes an elongate, tubular receptacle, a support surface, and a support.

[0054] The receptacle has a lower portion, an upper portion, and an open, upper end. The upper portion extends from the lower portion to the upper end. The support surface is arranged outside the receptacle at the lower portion and faces towards the upper end. The support is connected to the lower portion to support the receptacle in the use position.

[0055] The blade of the tool is slidable axially into the receptacle, via the upper end, to store the blade in the receptacle in a stored position of the tool.

[0056] In the stored position of the tool, both the tool and the upper portion of the receptacle are contained within an imaginary cylindrical boundary of diameter D, wherein B < D < 45mm, and a handgrip portion of the handle extends coaxially with the receptacle from the upper end of the receptacle to form a guide over which a toilet roll having a cylindrical core aperture of internal diameter De > D can slide onto the upper portion of the receptacle.

[0057] By virtue of these features, in the stored position of the tool, both the handle and the upper portion of the receptacle are configured to pass through said core aperture of each of a plurality of toilet rolls to guide the toilet rolls to form a stack resting on the support surface.

[0058] Discussion of the invention in its first aspect: problem and solution

[0059] In its first aspect, the invention recognises that the problem faced by a person who produces an XLS is not simply to provide a tool that can be used to cut the XLS into pieces, but rather, how to make that tool conveniently available for use wherever the person happens to be, whether in their own toilet or in another toilet in public or private premises.

[0060] To solve this problem, the invention proposes an apparatus including a tool suitable for dividing an XLS in the pan, which, when compared with prior art tools designed for that purpose, is more likely to be found available in any given toilet. That is to say: when compared with a prior art tool designed for that purpose, the tool of the novel apparatus should be present in a relatively greater proportion of any random sample of toilets.

[0061] To achieve this, the novel apparatus combines a holder for spare toilet rolls with a toilet unblocking tool having a blade that is flexible enough to bend through the trap of the toilet, and having at least one blunt cutting edge that can be used to divide an XLS in the pan, wherein the blade is concealed in a tubular holder when not in use.

[0062] The toilet roll holder includes a support surface and a tubular guide that also forms the tubular holder for the blade. The handle of the blade is arranged to extend coaxially from the upper end of the tubular guide when the tool is housed in the holder, and together with the holder is dimensioned to pass through the core aperture of the toilet rolls stacked on the support surface.

[0063] In this way the handle of the tool forms a visible upper end of the toilet roll holder when the tool is not in use, and the toilet roll holder generally has a conventional appearance. Moreover, while the different functions of the apparatus are provided by common, synergistic technical features, they do not impair or interfere with one another in use.

[0064] The combined effect of these features is that the novel apparatus appeals to three different groups of users who require different respective ones of its three distinct technical functions.

[0065] The combination of functions commends the novel apparatus to those users who require products both to store spare toilet rolls, and to unblock the toilet, in preference to conventional products that only perform a single function.

[0066] At the same time, the arrangement of the blade to perform the special technical function of dividing an XLS in the pan does not render the apparatus unattractive to users who are unware of the problem posed by an XLS, since the blade is useful also for unblocking the trap and anyway is not visible when stored in the holder.

[0067] The characteristics of the novel apparatus therefore promote widespread adoption by different groups of users with different requirements, including those who are unaware of the problem of the XLS and those who are disinclined to have any unblocking tool on display in the toilet.

[0068] In this way, the characteristics of the novel apparatus solve the technical problem posed above, which is to say - they increase the probability of finding the novel apparatus available for use in any given toilet in a random sample of toilets, and thus provide a tool that can be used to divide an XLS in the pan, which is more likely to be found available for use wherever it is needed.

[0069] Simply put: the solution to the problem lies in commercial success, derived from the combined technical features of the apparatus.

[0070] In more detail, the functions of the novel apparatus are as follows. Firstly, the tool is usable to clear common blockages in the trap. This utility commends the tool to the householder who recognises its usefulness as a toilet unblocking tool while being unaware of its additional utility in cutting up an XLS.

[0071] In this respect, the invention recognises that a blade in the form of a relatively thin, narrow, flexible strip can be remarkably effective in clearing a blocked trap, as long as the blade is sufficiently stiff to enable it to enable the user to push the tip through the trap from the handle, and is more flexible in its thickness dimension than in its breadth dimension, since this enables it to be steered and rotated while moving through the trap. The blade is elongate so that the tip can extend through the trap while the handle remains above the level of the water in the flooded pan. Despite being very much smaller than the trap, the blade is effective to pierce and disrupt the blockage, forming a passage through which water can flow through the blockage, breaking it up and carrying it away in pieces.

[0072] Secondly, in order to be effective in cutting up an XLS in the pan, the tool is formed as a blade that is wider than its thickness, and having at least one, preferably a pair of blunt cutting edges so that it can be applied in a cutting or slicing motion in the plane of the blade. Despite the flexibility of the blade, its elongate form and relative stiffness in the breadth dimension makes it possible to locate the tip in the trap while moving the mid-portion of the blade both sideways and axially for an effective cutting action. This also assists when using the blade to clear a blockage in the trap.

[0073] At the same time, the flexibility of the blade in the thickness dimension allows the blade to be urged far enough into the toilet pan that its entire length may be cleaned in the flush, which is desirable when used as a cutting tool.

[0074] Thirdly, the narrow, elongate form factor of the blade makes it possible for the blade to be located in a tubular receptacle so that, in the stored position, the tool and the upper portion of the receptacle can be contained within an imaginary cylindrical boundary having a diameter smaller than the core aperture of a typical toilet roll. By arranging a support surface at the base of the receptacle, the invention configures the entire assembly as a holder for spare toilet rolls.

[0075] The tubular receptacle both accommodates the blade of the tool and guides and retains toilet rolls in a stack that is supported on the support surface.

[0076] This additional utility as a spare toilet roll holder further commends the apparatus to the householder who recognises the usefulness of a holder for spare toilet rolls.

[0077] Further, a spare toilet roll holder is typically elongate so as to hold several toilet rolls in a stack, thus providing sufficient length to accommodate the elongate blade of the novel tool while remaining conventional in appearance. The dual utility of the apparatus as a toilet unblocking tool and as a spare toilet roll holder commends the apparatus to the householder who wishes to buy a spare toilet roll holder, in preference to ordinary toilet roll holders that do not provide that additional function. Since spare toilet roll holders are very commonly provided in lavatories, this importantly increases market penetration and hence makes it more likely that the apparatus will be found available for use wherever it is needed.

[0078] Fourthly, the invention provides an elongate handle that is fixed in collinear relation to the blade to form a guide over which a toilet roll can be dropped onto the tubular receptacle in the stored position of the tool.

[0079] This overcomes the reluctance of the fastidious householder to keep a toilet unblocking tool on visible display in the lavatory. Since the handle is a functional part of the toilet roll holder, it forms an acceptable part of the furniture of the lavatory, even in an environment where a toilet unblocking tool perse would not be tolerated.

[0080] At the same time, since the handle is a functional part of the toilet roll holder, the handle can remain visible and accessible in normal use, so that the person who needs to use the tool to cut up an XLS can readily identify it and remove the tool for use.

[0081] To further assist the user in identifying the presence of the novel tool, a ring of contrasting appearance, such as an amber coloured ring, may be arranged immediately below the handgrip at the open end of the receptacle. This helps the informed user to distinguish the novel apparatus from a conventional toilet roll holder, without making the apparatus unacceptable to the user who would not tolerate a toilet unblocking tool on display in their toilet.

[0082] Since the handle forms a guide over which the toilet rolls can be stacked onto the holder, it is possible to withdraw the handle and blade from the receptacle without removing the stacked toilet rolls.

[0083] Thus, the tool can be used as frequently as required, either to divide an XLS in the pan or to clear a blockage in the trap, without the inconvenience of dismantling and replacing parts of the holder or the stack of spare toilet rolls.

[0084] The or each of the pair of blunt cutting edges is preferably smooth and straight, and allows the user to clean and dry the blade without the risk of injury by wiping it with toilet paper before returning it to the holder.

[0085] For domestic use, the support may be arranged to stand on a horizontal floor surface, to support the receptacle in spaced relation to other objects in the lavatory. The support surface may extend entirely around the receptacle, to support a stack of toilet rolls all around its circumference.

[0086] The same features commend the apparatus for use in shared toilets in work or public environments, where it may be preferred to arrange the support to be attachable to a wall to support the receptacle in an upright orientation in spaced, parallel relation to the wall, so as to define a gap that extends from the support surface to the upper end of the receptacle between the receptacle and the wall to accommodate the thickness of the stacked toilet rolls. The support surface may extend entirely around the receptacle, or it may only extend part way around the receptacle, for example, in the region between the receptacle and the wall.

[0087] Summary of the invention in its second aspect

[0088] Embodiments of the invention in its second aspect provide a tool for use in unblocking a trap of a toilet, including an elongate handle and an elongate blade connected together in fixed, collinear relation to extend in a length dimension along a length axis X of the tool.

[0089] The blade extends for a length L along the length axis X from the handle to a tip of the blade.

[0090] A mid-portion of the blade between the handle and the tip has a pair of oppositely facing narrow surfaces, a pair of oppositely facing sides extending between the narrow surfaces, and a breadth B between the narrow surfaces in a breadth dimension perpendicular to the length dimension.

[0091] At least one of the narrow surfaces is a blunt cutting edge. Preferably, each of the narrow surfaces is a respective blunt cutting edge, whereby the breadth B is defined between a pair of oppositely facing blunt cutting edges.

[0092] When considered in cross-section, the mid-portion of the blade has a local maximum thickness Tmax between the sides in a thickness dimension perpendicular to the length and breadth dimensions, wherein L > B > Tmax.

[0093] The mid-portion of the blade has a greater resistance to bending in the breath dimension than in the thickness dimension, and is elastically bendable in the thickness dimension to allow the tip to move slidingly through a trap of a toilet when urged through the trap by a compressive force acting along the length axis X at the handle.

[0094] The blade is configured in accordance with either structure A or structure B which are defined as follows.

[0095] Structure A

[0096] In accordance with structure A, the blade includes a core body made from a core material, and at least two support bodies made from a support material.

[0097] The core body includes a central portion extending continuously lengthwise along the midportion of the blade, and a pair of edge portions, each of the edge portions defining a respective one of the narrow surfaces. The central portion of the core body is arranged between the support bodies in the thickness dimension, and between the edge portions in the breadth dimension.

[0098] The support material includes an elastomer, wherein the core material has a higher elastic modulus than the support material.

[0099] This concludes the definition of structure A.

[0100] Structure B

[0101] In accordance with structure B, the breadth and maximum thickness of the mid-portion of the blade are selected to satisfy the expression: B > 5-Tmax.

[0102] The blade includes or consists of a pultrusion having a reinforcement embedded in a matrix.

[0103] The matrix includes a first polymer blended with an elastomer, the first polymer having a higher elastic modulus than the elastomer.

[0104] The reinforcement includes inner and outer fibres. The inner fibres extend along the length of the blade from the handle to the tip.

[0105] The mid-portion of the blade includes a machined region, wherein at least one of the sides in the machined region includes a cut surface, the cut surface extending in the length and breadth dimensions and bounding the local maximum thickness Tmax in the machined region.

[0106] The outer fibres terminate at the cut surface.

[0107] The local maximum thickness Tmax is smaller in the machined region than in a proximal end region of the blade proximate the handle.

[0108] The machined region tapers in thickness towards the tip so that the resistance of the midportion to bending in the thickness dimension reduces progressively towards the tip.

[0109] This concludes the definition of structure B.

[0110] Optional features

[0111] The tool of the second aspect may be provided with a tool holder that need not form part of a toilet roll holder. The tool holder includes an elongate, tubular receptacle having an open end, wherein the blade of the tool is axially slidable into the receptacle, via the open end, to store the blade in the receptacle in a stored position of the tool wherein a handgrip portion of the handle extends from the open end of the receptacle.

[0112] The tool holder may be mounted, for example, on a wall of a lavatory cubicle, or on a cleaning trolley for janitorial use. If the receptacle is not configured as a toilet roll holder, then the mounts can be provided anywhere along the length of the receptacle, so that it can be fixed close to the supporting surface. Discussion of the invention in its second aspect: the problem

[0113] The technical challenge posed by the functional requirements of the blade can be appreciated in view of the variety of structural arrangements proposed in the art, for example, in W02023080989. Preferably however, the blade should be a solid body with a simple profile, so as to be easy to clean.

[0114] The blade should be sufficiently flexible to follow the curvature of the trap when modest axial force is applied at the handle.

[0115] At the same time, the blade should be sufficiently stiff to transmit axial force from the handle without buckling so much in the mid-portion as to prevent the user from urging the tip through the trap.

[0116] At the same time, the mid-portion of the blade should be substantially more flexible in the thickness dimension than in the width dimension, so that it can be used like a knife to apply pressure in the width dimension at the cutting edge or edges, so as to cut or slice an XLS in the pan.

[0117] Preferably, the blade should also resist permanent plastic deformation (kinking) in case it should be forced to a smaller bend radius than the trap.

[0118] Preferably, the blunt cutting edge or edges of the mid-portion, and most preferably also a blunt cutting edge at the tip, should be hard enough to resist wear when used to cut or pierce through soft materials in the pan, but not so hard as to damage the glazed ceramic surface of a typical pan in case the blade should strike the pan.

[0119] Preferably, the blade should resist damage when subjected to torsion along its length axis. The user can then rotate the handle about the length axis so as to steer the tip of the blade in different directions (by virtue of the difference in flexibility between the breadth and thickness dimensions) when inserted into the trap of the toilet.

[0120] Preferably, the blade should be resistant to chemicals commonly used in a toilet, including aqueous solutions of common household bleach (sodium hypochlorite), caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), or sulphuric acid.

[0121] It is difficult to achieve many of these technical objectives in combination. A blade that is thin enough to flex may also be liable to buckle in the mid-portion, or to break or kink if forced to a small bend radius.

[0122] For example, a glass reinforced epoxy pultrusion (commonly available for various uses, e.g. to form a limb of an archery bow) can be configured as a flat blade that is springy and flexible with a tip and edges having a suitable hardness. However, the blade if made relatively thick will require excessive force to bend it; and, if made thin enough to follow the curvature of the trap without excessive force, may be vulnerable to brittle failure when loaded axially or in torsion. As a further example, a blade moulded from polypropylene may be flexible enough to follow the curvature of the trap, but also prone to buckling and vulnerable to plastic (i.e. permanent) deformation if forced to a small bend radius.

[0123] These problems are overcome by the features of either structure A or structure B, as further discussed below.

[0124] Discussion of the invention in its second aspect: the solution in accordance with structure A

[0125] In the blade in accordance with structure A, the differential flexibility in the breadth and thickness dimensions is defined by the central portion and edge portions of the core body. This central portion may have an aspect ratio similar to that of the minimum total section area of the mid-portion of the blade in the alternative arrangement of structure B, in the form of a thin strip that extends with the edge portions lengthwise along the blade.

[0126] When forced to a small bend radius, the thin central portion of the core body is protected from buckling in its thickness dimension by the relatively elastic support material which supports the core body in compression on the inside of the bend, and and in tension on the outside of the bend. The thickness and hardness of the core material are selected so that under realistic manual loading it reacts the applied bending moment to maintain the internal bend radius of the central portion of the core body to a value large enough to avoid local failure in compression or tension. In effect, the support material maintains the central portion of the core body close to the neutral axis of the beam.

[0127] Advantageously, the force reaction of the support material in compression can be increased by providing the core body with spaced fins, which can be further arranged to provide progressively increasing flexibility along the length of the blade as further explained below. This progressive increase in flexibility makes the blade easier to manipulate and further protects against local buckling, for the same reason as explained below with reference to structure B.

[0128] Discussion of the invention in its second aspect: the solution in accordance with structure B

[0129] In accordance with structure B, the differential stiffness in the breadth and thickness dimensions cannot be defined by any variation in the internal structure of the matrix, which does not vary through the section area of the blade, and so relies instead on a relatively large ratio between the external breadth and thickness dimensions. Since the breadth dimension is constrained by the maximum diameter D < 45mm and preferably is only about one third of that value, this drives the thickness to a very small value.

[0130] In this slender form factor, tensile strength is provided by the axial reinforcement while the matrix is selected to be stiff enough to transfer an axial compressive load along the length dimension without buckling, and having a compressive yield strength high enough to resist permanent deformation if forced to a small bend radius.

[0131] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a polymer with these characteristics will require a relatively high force to bend it, unless the blade were made so thin as to be vulnerable to compressive failure in buckling despite its high compressive strength.

[0132] This problem is solved by pultruding the blade with a matrix formed from a slightly toughened polymer, for example, a rubber toughened epoxy, and then machining (i.e. cutting or abrading or otherwise removing the surface layer of) the pultrusion to form a taper that defines a progressively increasing flexibility along its length.

[0133] Preferably both sides are tapered to provide a mirror-symmetric cross-section about a central plane that extends in the breath and length dimensions to bisect the blade. This ensures that the same inner fibres are located on the neutral axis, and so the bending behaviour is the same, in both directions of bending.

[0134] The elastomer reduces the stiffness of the matrix to allow the blade to have an adequate thickness while being able to bend to the required radius with the application of only modest force at the handle, and retaining sufficient compressive strength at yield to withstand applied manual forces without failure.

[0135] Since the blade nevertheless must be relatively thin in order to achieve the required differential stiffness ratio in the breadth and thickness dimensions so that it can be used in the manner of a knife, the taper compensates for the reduced resistance to buckling.

[0136] When compared with a parallel blade, the taper increases the thickness (hence compressive strength) of the blade at the mid-point of any given three-point set of applied forces (where bending moment is greatest), while allowing the blade to relieve the applied forces by flexing more towards the thinner end of the system (where bending moment is smaller.) Thus, the relatively thin blade is better able to withstand excess forces without damage.

[0137] The progressive increase in flexibility towards the tip also makes the blade easier to manipulate by reducing the tendency to bend closer to the handle, in the same way as structure A when modified with fins to provide that effect.

[0138] Brief description of the figures

[0139] Further features and advantages will become evident from the illustrative embodiments of the invention which will now be described, purely by way of example and without limitation to the scope of the claims, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0140] First apparatus: first tool and first tool holder (freestanding) Fig. 1 shows a first apparatus including a first tool having a first blade, and a first tool holder, showing the tool in the stored position.

[0141] Fig. 2 is a top view of the first apparatus as shown in Fig. 1.

[0142] Fig. 3 shows the first apparatus with the first tool removed from the tool holder.

[0143] Fig. 4 is a top view of the first tool holder of Fig. 3.

[0144] Fig. 5 shows the first apparatus in use as a spare toilet roll holder.

[0145] Fig. 6A shows the first apparatus as shown in Fig. 1, with the first tool holder sectioned along its central length axis.

[0146] Fig. 6B is an enlarged view of the top end portion of Fig. 6A.

[0147] Fig. 6C is an enlarged view of the bottom end portion of Fig. 6A.

[0148] Fig. 7A shows the first tool holder as seen in Fig. 6A, with the tool removed from the tool holder.

[0149] Fig. 7B is an enlarged view of the top end portion of Fig. 7A.

[0150] Fig. 7C is an enlarged view of the bottom end portion of Fig. 7A.

[0151] First tool

[0152] Fig. 8 shows two views of the first tool, wherein: the left hand view shows the first blade in the thickness dimension, and the right hand view is rotated through 90° to show the first blade in the breadth dimension.

[0153] Fig. 9 is a first end view of the first tool as seen from the domed end of the handle.

[0154] Fig. 10 is a second end view of the first tool as seen from the tip of the first blade.

[0155] Fig. 11 shows the same two views of the top end portion of the first tool as seen in Fig. 8, with the handle partially sectioned along the central length axis to reveal the tang of the first blade.

[0156] Fig. 12 shows the same two views of the handle of the first tool as seen in Fig. 8, with the handle ferrule detached from the handle body and sectioned along the central length axis.

[0157] Fig. 13 shows three views of the first blade of the first tool prior to assembly with the handle, including only the portions A, B and C which are as indicated in Fig. 8, wherein: the right hand view shows the breadth dimension; the middle view is rotated through 90° to show the thickness dimension; and the left hand view shows the first blade in the thickness dimension and sectioned along its central length axis at y - y of Figs. 10 and 15.

[0158] Fig. 14 shows the first blade of the first tool in the same three views as Fig. 13, but showing only the core body without the support material. Fig. 15 is an end view of the first blade of the first tool as seen from the tip, corresponding to the view of Fig. 10 without the handle.

[0159] Fig. 16 i is a section through the tang at i - i of Figs. 13 and 14, looking towards the blade.

[0160] Fig. 16 ii is a section through the mid-portion of the blade at ii - ii of Fig. 13, taken through one of the fins and looking towards the proximal end region.

[0161] Fig. 16 ill is a section through the mid-portion of the first blade at ill - ill of Fig. 14, taken inbetween the fins and looking towards the tip.

[0162] Fig. 16 iv is a section through the mid-portion of the first blade at iv - iv of Fig. 13, taken inbetween the fins and looking towards the tip.

[0163] Fig. 16 v is a section through the mid-portion of the first blade at v - v of Fig. 14, taken through one of the fins and looking towards the tip.

[0164] Fig. 16 vi is a section through the mid-portion of the first blade at vi - vi of Fig. 13, taken through one of the fins and looking towards the tip.

[0165] Fig. 16B corresponds to Fig. 16iv, showing ribs that are removed after demoulding.

[0166] Fig. 17A reproduces the tip end region C of the first blade as shown in longitudinal section in the left-hand view of Fig. 13.

[0167] Fig. 17B shows an alternative arrangement of the same region of the first blade as Fig. 17A, wherein the last fins are removed to define a pair of flexure regions.

[0168] Second tool

[0169] Fig. 18 shows two views of a second tool having a second blade, wherein: the left hand view shows the second blade in the thickness dimension, and the right hand view is rotated through 90° to show the second blade in the breadth dimension.

[0170] Fig. 19 shows the same two views of the second blade of the second tool as shown in Fig. 18, prior to assembly with the handle, including only the portions A, B and C which are as indicated in Fig. 18.

[0171] Fig. 20 i is a section through the tang at i - i of Fig. 19, looking away from the blade.

[0172] Fig. 20 ii is a section through the mid-portion of the second blade at ii - ii of Fig. 19, looking towards the tang.

[0173] Fig. 20 ill is a section through the mid-portion of the second blade at ill - ill of Fig. 19, looking towards the tang.

[0174] Fig. 20 iv is a section through the mid-portion of the second blade at iv - iv of Fig. 19, looking towards the tang. Fig. 20 v is a section through the tip portion of the second blade at v - v of Fig. 19, looking towards the tang.

[0175] Fig. 21 shows a short length of the pultrusion from which the second blade of the second tool is manufactured, respectively in the breadth dimension, in the thickness dimension, and in cross-section perpendicular to the length axis.

[0176] Fig. 22 is an exploded view of the reinforcement of the second blade of the second tool, as arranged in the pultrusion die.

[0177] Fig. 23 illustrates how the second blade of the second tool is machined to form the cut surfaces.

[0178] Use and testing

[0179] Figs. 24A, 24B and 24C illustrate the differential flexibility of the first blade of the first tool when equal force is applied to different regions of the blade in a three-point bending test.

[0180] Figs. 25A and 25B illustrate how the first tool is used to unblock a toilet.

[0181] Second tool holder (wall mounted)

[0182] Fig. 26A shows a second apparatus comprising the first tool and a second tool holder, showing the second tool holder mounted on a wall with the tool in the stored position.

[0183] Fig. 26B is a top view of Fig. 26A.

[0184] Fig. 27A shows the second tool holder as seen in Fig. 26A, without the tool.

[0185] Fig. 27B is a top view of Fig. 27A.

[0186] Fig. 28 is a front view of the base portion of the second tool holder.

[0187] Fig. 29 is a side view of the base portion of the second tool holder.

[0188] Fig. 30 is a top view of the second tool holder.

[0189] Fig. 31 is a bottom view of the second tool holder.

[0190] Fig. 32 shows the base portion of the second tool holder sectioned at y - y of Fig. 31, with the mounting bracket detached.

[0191] Third tool holder

[0192] Fig. 33 shows a third apparatus comprising the first tool and a third tool holder, with the tool in the stored position.

[0193] Fig. 34A shows the third tool holder without the tool.

[0194] Fig. 34B is a top view of Fig. 34A.

[0195] Fig. 35A shows the third apparatus in front view, wherein the third tool holder is fitted with mounting brackets. Fig. 35B is a side view of the third apparatus as shown in Fig. 35A, showing the third tool holder mounted on a wall. mould

[0196] Fig. 36 illustrates one way in which the first blade of the first tool can be made by injection moulding. of the handle

[0197] Figs. 37, 38 and 39 illustrate various adaptations of the handle.

[0198] Cover

[0199] Fig. 40 shows the first apparatus with an optional cover.

[0200] Reference numerals and characters that appear in more than one of the figures indicate the same or corresponding elements in each of them. in accordance with the first : a tool and tool holder with a support surface for a stack of toilet rolls

[0201] Embodiments in accordance with the first aspect of the invention provide an apparatus for use in unblocking a trap 2 of a toilet 1, including a tool and a tool holder for storing the tool when not in use.

[0202] The tool of the apparatus in accordance with the first aspect of the invention may be made with a blade in accordance with the second aspect of the invention, as further discussed below, and as illustrated by the first blade 120 of the first tool 100, shown in more detail in Figs. 8 - 17B, and the second blade 220 of the second tool 200, shown in more detail in Figs. 18 - 23.

[0203] Alternatively, the tool of the apparatus in accordance with the first aspect of the invention may have a blade made in a different way. For example, the blade may be a strip of elastic material, such as a plastics material (e.g. a solid extrusion or pultrusion or an injection moulding), or a metal or metal alloy (e.g. a steel, such as stainless steel or spring steel or stainless spring steel). Such strip may have a coating. For example, a steel strip may be coated in a plastics material and / or an elastomer, to protect the surface of the toilet pan from damage. The blade may also be made from natural materials or a combination of natural and / or synthetic materials, e.g. as a body of plastics material, e.g. a natural or synthetic elastomer, reinforced with natural or synthetic fibres or cellulosic material such as flax or bamboo or hickory or other tough or springy plant material. A plastics blade may be made of, for example: acetal, nylon, epoxy, PVC, ABS, polypropylene, polyethylene, or other plastics, including commodity or engineering plastics, optionally filled with filamentary and / or particulate fillers such as glass or carbon or plant fibres, talc, mica, etc, and / or toughened with natural or synthetic rubber.

[0204] Figs. 1 - 7C show a first apparatus comprising a first tool 100 and a first tool holder 300, along with detailed views of the first tool holder 300, which is freestanding on a floor surface and so particularly suitable for use in a domestic lavatory.

[0205] Figs. 26A - 32 show a second apparatus comprising the first tool 100 and a second tool holder 400, along with detailed views of the second tool holder 400, which is wall mounted and so particularly suitable for use in a shared or public lavatory, e.g. in a commercial building.

[0206] The first and second tools 100, 200 exemplify tools in accordance with the second aspect of the invention, wherein the first tool 100 is made in accordance with structure A, and the second tool 200 is made in accordance with structure B.

[0207] Either of the first and second tools 100, 200 can be received in either of the first and second tool holders 300, 400 to form an apparatus in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, wherein the handle 110, 210 of the tool 100, 200 cooperates with the receptacle 310, 410 to guide and support the toilet rolls 5 to form a stack on the support surface 321, 421.

[0208] Each tool 100, 200 includes an elongate handle 110, 210 and an elongate blade 120, 220. The handle and the blade are connected together in fixed, collinear relation to extend in a length dimension along a length axis X of the tool.

[0209] The handle 210 of the second tool 200 is substantially the same in form and function as the handle 110 of the first tool 100, and so the description of the handle 110 of the first tool 100 applies equally to the handle 210 of the second tool 200. The first and second blades 120, 220 of the two tools 100, 200 have different internal structure but exhibit the same behaviour in use and when tested as further discussed below.

[0210] The blade 120, 220 of each tool 100, 200 extends for a length L along the length axis X from the handle 110, 210 to a tip 122, 222 of the blade.

[0211] The blade 120, 220 may be connected to a tang 190, 290 for connection to the handle 110, 210, as illustrated and further described below. In the illustrated examples, each blade 120, 220 is formed integrally with the tang 190, 290.

[0212] A mid-portion 123, 223 of the blade between the handle and the tip has a pair of oppositely facing narrow surfaces 124, 224, at least one of which is a blunt cutting edge. Preferably, as shown in each of the illustrated embodiments, each of the narrow surfaces is a blunt cutting edge, so that the narrow surfaces define a pair of oppositely facing blunt cutting edges 124, 224. The mid-portion of the blade has a breadth B between the blunt cutting edges in a breadth dimension perpendicular to the length dimension, and a maximum thickness Tmax in a thickness dimension perpendicular to the length and breadth dimensions, wherein (L > B > Tmax).

[0213] The mid-portion 123, 223 of the blade 120, 220 has a greater resistance to bending in the breath dimension than in the thickness dimension.

[0214] This can be appreciated from Figs. 24A, B, C which show how the first blade 120 of the first tool 100 flexes more in the thickness dimension than in the breadth dimension, and more nearer the tip of the blade than nearer the handle, when subjected to the same force in a three-point bending test. The second blade 120 of the second tool 200 exhibits a similar characteristic in the same test.

[0215] As illustrated in Figs. 25A and 25B, the mid-portion 123, 223 of the blade 120, 220 is elastically bendable in the thickness dimension to allow the tip 122, 222 to move slidingly through a trap 2 of a toilet 1 when urged through the trap 2 by a compressive force F acting along the length axis X at the handle 110, 210.

[0216] When considered in an upright use position as shown, each tool holder 300, 400 includes an elongate, tubular receptacle 310, 410 having a lower portion 311, 411, an upper portion 312, 412, and an open, upper end 313, 413. The upper portion extends from the lower portion to the upper end.

[0217] A support surface 321, 421 is arranged outside the receptacle at the lower portion 311, 411 and faces towards the upper end 313, 413 of the receptacle.

[0218] A support 320, 420 is connected to the lower portion 311, 411 to support the receptacle in the use position.

[0219] As illustrated by each of the first and second tol holders 300, 400, the support surface 321, 421 may be an upper surface of the support 320, 420. Also as illustrated, the lower portion 311, 411 of the receptacle may extend down through an aperture in the support surface.

[0220] In other embodiments, the lower portion may comprise only the lower end of the receptacle that is attached to the support surface and terminates at the support surface. Alternatively, the support could be separate from the support surface and attached, for example, to the lower portion of the receptacle.

[0221] The blade 120, 220 of the tool 100, 200 is slidable axially into the receptacle 310, 410 via its open upper end 313, 413, to store the blade 120, 220 in the receptacle 310, 410 in a stored position of the tool, as illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 6A.

[0222] In the stored position of the tool, both the tool and the upper portion of the receptacle are contained within an imaginary cylindrical boundary 9 of diameter D (Fig. 3, Fig. 5) wherein (B < D < 45mm). The handgrip portion 111, 211 of the handle extends coaxially with the receptacle from the upper end 313, 413 of the receptacle to form a guide over which a toilet roll 5 having a cylindrical core aperture 6 of internal diameter De > D can slide onto the upper portion 312, 412 of the receptacle.

[0223] In the stored position of the tool, both the handle 110, 210 and the upper portion 312, 412 of the receptacle are configured to pass through the core aperture 6 of each of a plurality of toilet rolls 5 to guide the toilet rolls 5 to form a stack resting on the support surface 321, 421, as illustrated in Fig. 5.

[0224] The handle

[0225] Referring particularly to Figs. 9 - 12, the handgrip portion 111, 211 of the handle 110, 210 may be defined in whole or in part by a surface of rotation about the length axis X. It may be cylindrical, as illustrated, or it may be slightly waisted or patterned for better grip.

[0226] Fig. 37 shows two views (rotated through 90°) of the handle in an adaptation, illustrating how the surface of rotation may be interrupted to define a local feature such as a flat surface 111", or a diametrically opposed pair of such local features, that can be aligned with the profile of the blade to provide a tactile cue to help the user to orient the blade in use. Such local features may extend only part way along the axial length of the handgrip portion, so that the remainder of the handgrip portion defines a surface of rotation, e.g. proximate the stop surface further described below.

[0227] The handle may have a domed end 112, 212 to make it easier to stack the toilet rolls 5 on the tool holder 300, 400.

[0228] The main body 116 of the handle 110, 210 defining the handgrip 111, 211 may be made from wood or other cellulosic material, e.g. bamboo, rubberwood, or any other timber, or a plastics material, or a ceramic, or a metal, and may have a surface coating, e.g. of paint or varnish.

[0229] A recess 115 may be formed in the main body of the handle to receive the tang 190, 290 of the blade 120, 220, which may be glued into the recess, for example, by a gap filling adhesive. In a natural wood handle the recess 115 may be formed by a mortising or routing tool.

[0230] In alternative embodiments the handle could be moulded integrally with the blade.

[0231] The handle 110, 210 may include a plug portion 113, 213 and a stop surface 114, 214. The plug portion 113, 213 is arranged between the handgrip portion 111, 211 and the blade 120, 220 and is receivable fittingly in the upper end 313, 413, 513 of the receptacle 310, 410, 510 to support the handgrip portion 111, 211 in axial alignment with the receptacle 310, 410, 510 in the stored position of the tool 100, 200.

[0232] The stop surface 114, 214 extends radially outwardly with respect to the length axis X of the tool between the plug portion 113, 213 and the handgrip portion 111, 211. In the stored position of the tool, the stop surface is arranged to abut an axial end surface 341, 441, 541 of the receptacle 310, 410, 510 at the upper end of the receptacle to prevent the handgrip portion from entering the receptacle.

[0233] The plug portion 113, 213 may include a reduced diameter portion 117 of the main body 116 enclosed in a protective cap or ferrule 118, 218, which may be a plastics moulding or a metal pressing.

[0234] The blade 120 may have an abutment surface 191 that abuts a counterabutment surface 119 of the ferrule 118, 218 to capture the ferrule between the blade and the handle.

[0235] The tool holder

[0236] The tool holder 300, 400 serves to store toilet rolls 5 that are stacked over the tubular receptacle 310, 410 so that the receptacle passes through the hollow core aperture 6 of each roll 5. In this arrangement, the handle 110, 210 of the tool projects axially from the upper end 313, 413 of the receptacle 310, 410 while the blade 120, 220 is stored in the interior space 350, 450 of the receptacle, so that the handle 110, 210 in both appearance and function forms the upper part of the toilet roll holder in the stored position of the tool.

[0237] The toilet rolls 5 are stacked on the holder by dropping each roll 5 over the handle 110, 210 so that it falls slidingly down over the receptacle 310, 410 until it rests on the toilet rolls 5 stacked beneath it, which rest in turn on the support surface 321, 421 of the tool holder.

[0238] The blade 120, 220 can be wiped clean with toilet paper and returned to the tool holder 300, 400 after use, without disturbing the toilet rolls 5 stacked on the receptacle 310, 410.

[0239] The receptacle: diameter

[0240] The receptacle 310, 410, 510 defines a tubular wall 314, 414, 514 enclosing an interior space 350, 450, 550. Preferably as illustrated the receptacle (hence the tubular wall) is cylindrical.

[0241] The tubular wall 314, 414, 514 of the receptacle 310, 410, 510 may have a maximum radial thickness (including at the upper end 313, 413) of less than or equal to about 20% of its external diameter Dr. A relatively thin tubular wall allows a relatively small external diameter Dr of the tubular receptacle, so that the tubular receptacle 310, 410 can fit into a toilet roll 5 with a relatively small core aperture 6.

[0242] However, if the user wishes to drop a toilet roll 5 over the upper end of the empty receptacle 310, 410, then a relatively thin tubular wall may cause some inconvenience since it will abut the end of the toilet roll, preventing it from passing down over the receptacle, unless the user takes care to align the core aperture 6 accurately with the upper end of the receptacle.

[0243] Most toilet rolls 5 (of the ordinary type commonly used in both domestic and commercial lavatories) have a cardboard tube in the middle of the roll that defines the core aperture 6. Coreless toilet rolls do not have a cardboard tube, and the core aperture is defined instead by the innermost turns of the strip of toilet paper that forms the roll. In consequence, the core aperture 6 of a coreless toilet roll is typically misshapen, being only approximately or nominally cylindrical, and so is more difficult to place over the open end of the tubular receptacle.

[0244] In order to make it easier for the user to store multiple toilet rolls by dropping them over the receptacle, preferably the handle 110, 210 overlies the tubular wall 314, 414 of the receptacle in the stored position of the tool; and an axial end 112, 212 of the handgrip portion, furthest from the blade, is domed.

[0245] The domed end of the handgrip portion 111, 211 easily enters the core aperture 6 of the toilet roll if the user drops the toilet roll onto it without taking care to align it accurately, and reshapes the aperture of a coreless roll so it can be pushed down over the handle. The elongate handle then guides the toilet roll 5 into axial alignment with the receptacle. Since the handle overlies the tubular wall 314, 414 of the receptacle, the toilet roll 5 drops down over the receptacle 310, 410 without any further effort by the user.

[0246] By "overlies" is meant that when considered in the axial direction of the tool holder (so in plan view in its upright use position), the handle 110, 210 at least partially covers, and more preferably, substantially entirely covers, the tubular wall of the receptacle 310, 410. Preferably, the handgrip portion 111, 211 proximate the stop surface 114, 214 has an outer diameter Dh substantially equal to an outer diameter Dr of the tubular wall 314, 414 at the upper end 313, 413 of the receptacle, so that the tubular wall 314, 414 is entirely covered by the handle and so does not form a step to impede the falling toilet roll 5 in the stored position of the tool.

[0247] The outer diameter may be considered "substantially equal" if there is an inconsequential difference in diameter, for example, of up to one or two millimetres, not enough to prevent the toilet roll 5 from falling down over the receptacle. Even a larger difference of three or four or even five millimetres may not matter if Dh > Dr; or, where Dh < Dr, if the tubular wall at the upper end of the receptacle is rounded when considered in longitudinal section, so that the toilet roll 5 can slide over it. Similarly, where Dh > Dr, a rounded edge at the stop surface 114, 214, as shown, helps when removing the toilet roll 5 over the handle.

[0248] Preferably therefore, the upper portion 312, 412 of the receptacle 310, 410 is cylindrical with an outer diameter Dr, and the handgrip portion 111, 211 of the handle proximate the stop surface 114, 214 defines a surface of rotation having a diameter Dh, wherein Dh = Dr + / - 5mm; and an axial end 112, 212 of the handgrip portion, furthest from the blade, defines a surface that is at least partially domed.

[0249] The receptacle: materials In embodiments in accordance with the either the first or the second aspect of the invention (so whether or not configured as a toilet roll holder), the tubular receptacle 310, 410, 510 of the tool holder 300, 400, 500 may be made from any suitable material.

[0250] For example, the receptacle could be a tube of metal, such as steel, e.g. stainless steel, or aluminium or aluminium alloy, or plastics material, e.g. ABS or HIPS, or wood or bamboo or other cellulosic material. It could be wound from a fibrous sheet material such as paper or fabric. It could be or a spiral or convolute wound paper or fabric tube, with the wound layers bonded e.g. by an adhesive, e.g. PVA, or a resin such as phenolic or epoxy resin or a plant derived alternative such as a lignin-based or furan-based resin.

[0251] The tube may have a surface layer or coating, e.g. a powder or paint or lacquer or enamel coating, or a layer of fabric or other sheet material, or an anodised surface coating if made from aluminium or aluminium alloy.

[0252] Any of the above mentioned materials and surface coatings may also be used for the support, whether the same or different from those of the receptacle.

[0253] A wound paper tube may have an outer layer formed by a fabric, providing a decorative surface finish. The tube may be dipped or otherwise coated externally and / or internally in varnish or lacquer or paint. The surface coating may include particles or flakes of glass for hardness. The layer immediately below the outer layer may be a paper coloured to match the fabric. A high strength sheet material with higher tensile strength than the paper layers (e.g. a fabric of glass or carbon fibre or a fibrous plastics sheet material or a glass fibre mesh or scrim tape) may be arranged to form an intermediate layer of the tube, between its internal and external layers.

[0254] A wound tube may have radially innermost and outermost layers formed from cloth having woven, knitted, felted or entangled fibres, wherein the tubular wall is both impregnated and coated with hardened resin.

[0255] The ring

[0256] As illustrated, the receptacle 310, 410 may include a ring 340, 440 that covers an upper axial end 314" of the tubular wall 314, 414.

[0257] In each of the first and second receptacles 310, 410, the ring 340, 440 defines the axial end surface 341, 441 of the receptacle at its upper end, an internal wear surface 342 of the receptacle, and an external contrast surface 343, 443 of the receptacle.

[0258] The internal wear surface 342 defines a socket to receive the plug portion 113, 213 of the handle in the stored position of the tool 100, 200.

[0259] The ring may be moulded from plastics material or from glass. It may be a coloured plastics material, e.g. an amber colour. It may be translucent or opaque. The colour is selected to be a visible contrast with the adjacent handle and tube wall surfaces so as to visually distinguish the product from a conventional toilet roll holder, whereby a person familiar with the product is able to identify it in a lavatory not their own.

[0260] In the stored position of the tool, the external contrast surface 342, 443 of the ring is visible between adjacent external surfaces of the tubular wall (surfaces 314', 414') and the handgrip portion (surfaces 111', 211') and contrasts visually with both adjacent external surfaces.

[0261] For example, the external surface of the handgrip portion 111, 211 may be a white (e.g. painted) surface or a varnished wood, while the external surface of the tubular wall may be a white or cream or grey coloured, painted or anodised or varnished textile surface, while the ring may be an amber colour.

[0262] Optionally, as best seen in Fig. 7B, the internal wear surface 342 of the ring defines a socket that tapers downwardly in the use position of the receptacle, which is to say, it becomes narrower in the direction away from the upper axial end 313 of the receptacle. The tapered socket makes it easier to insert the blade 120, 220 and helps to centre the handle 110, 210 in the receptacle.

[0263] Additionally, when considered in a longitudinal section containing the length axis X of the tool, the plug portion 113, 213 of the handle may have a concave region as shown proximate the stop surface 114, 214, where the stop surface transitions into the principal, radially outward (cylindrical or, preferably, slightly tapering) surface of the plug portion. In combination, the tapered socket and the concave region of the plug portion help to guide the tool into the receptacle and to centre the handle on the receptacle.

[0264] The ring 340, 440 may include glass (e.g. a glass bead filler in a plastics matrix, e.g. of polycarbonate) to strengthen and stiffen the ring and to help resist damage by impact or abrasion when the blade 120, 220 slides through the ring, especially where the blade also includes glass.

[0265] If preferred, the tube could be used without a ring at the upper end.

[0266] The support

[0267] The support may be arranged to stand on a horizontal floor surface to support the receptacle in an upright orientation, as illustrated by the first tool holder 300.

[0268] Alternatively, as illustrated by the second tool holder 400, the support may be attachable to a wall 8 to support the receptacle in an upright orientation in spaced, parallel relation to the wall 8, so as to define a gap that extends from the support surface 421 to the upper end of the receptacle between the receptacle and the wall.

[0269] The support or base may be made of any suitable material, e.g. pressed or moulded metal, or moulded or otherwise formed plastics or cementitious or ceramic or glass or cellulosic material, or natural wood. The receptacle and the support may be asssembled together or may be formed integrally, e.g. as a unitary plastics moulding.

[0270] The receptacle can be fixed to the support or base in any suitable way, e.g. by adhesive or welding or screwing or crimping. For example, a metal tube could be welded or crimped onto a metal base.

[0271] The first tool holder 300

[0272] As illustrated by the first tool holder 300 of Figs. 1 - 7, the receptacle 310 may include a tubular wall 314 wound from a fibrous sheet material such as paper, as described above, and the support 320 may include a ceramic body 323 having an upper wall 322 defining the support surface 321.

[0273] A socket 324 opens upwardly and centrally through the support surface 321, and an outer wall 325 bounding the upper wall 322 extends downwardly from the upper wall 322 to rest on a horizontal floor surface 7 in use.

[0274] The tubular wall 314 at the lower portion of the receptacle is fixed in the socket 324, e.g. by adhesive.

[0275] The ceramic body may be e.g. a glazed stoneware, and may be made for example by pressing or slip casting. The mass of the ceramic body 323 helps to stabilise the stack of spare toilet rolls 5 and makes it easier to withdraw the tool 100 or 200 from the receptacle 310.

[0276] Preferably, as illustrated by both the first and second tool holders 300, 400, the tubular receptacle defines an interior space 350, 450 that extends through the support surface 321, 421, so that the length L of the blade 120, 220 can be greater than the length of the upper portion 312, 412 of the receptacle.

[0277] As illustrated, the socket 324 may be tapered to fittingly receive a tapered region 314"' of the tubular wall 314 at the lower portion 311 of the receptacle 310. The socket may be left unglazed for better adhesion.

[0278] The wound paper tube can be cut or ground to form the taper. Similarly its upper end can be internally cut or ground to receive the ring 340 that protects its upper end.

[0279] Optionally as illustrated, when considered in the upright use position, the support 320 may include a downwardly facing surface 326, and a drainage hole 327 in fluid communication with the interior space 350 of the receptacle and opening through the downwardly facing surface 326.

[0280] The outer wall 325 surrounds the downwardly facing surface 326 and is configured to rest on a horizontal floor surface 7 to support the downwardly facing surface 326 in spaced relation to the horizontal floor surface 7. The bottom surface of the outer wall 325 may be covered with a softer material, e.g. a rubber or plastics material, to provide a non-slip surface that will not damage polished floors.

[0281] A downwardly opening annular recess 328 may be formed inside the base.

[0282] The drainage hole 327 ensures that the blade remains dry in the tool holder. This protects both the blade and the tool holder from water damage, and prevents the user from immersing the blade in chemical solutions that could damage it or damage the tool holder. The gap under the downwardly facing surface 326 helps the tool holder to sit flat on an uneven floor surface 7. A thin sponge (not shown) can be placed under the downwardly facing surface 326 to catch drips from the blade, and retained in position by tucking its corners up inside the annular recess 328.

[0283] The drainage hole 327 may have an internal diameter substantially as large as that of the tubular receptacle 310. This makes it easier to clean the interior surface of the receptacle by pushing a sponge or cloth through the receptacle using the tip of the blade 120, 220, and then retrieving it through the drainage hole 327.

[0284] In alternative embodiments the socket 324 may be parallel or tapered, and the ceramic support 320 may be used with a receptacle of any material, e.g. a metal or plastics tube.

[0285] The second tool holder 400

[0286] Referring now to Figs. 26 - 32, the second tool holder includes a support 420 that is attachable to a wall 8 to support the receptacle 410 in spaced relation to the wall surface, with a gap wide enough to accommodate the thickness of the toilet rolls 5 stacked over the receptacle.

[0287] In the illustrated example, the receptacle 410 is made from a stainless steel tube, optionally including a ring 440 as shown at its upper end, and the support 420 is made from bent and welded stainless steel sheet defining the upwardly facing support surface 421. The tube may be welded to the support 420 as shown so the lower portion 411 extends down through the support surface 421. As shown, the upper portion 412 above the support surface 421 may be relatively shorter than the upper portion 312 of the first tool holder 300. The reduced length makes it more difficult to wrench the tool holder off the wall. The lower portion 411 may be relatively longer so the receptacle accommodates the same blade length L, and may have an open lower end for drainage and ease of cleaning.

[0288] The outer margin of the support surface 421 may be circular, or as illustrated may be partially radiused about a length axis of the receptacle in a plane perpendicular to the length axis of the receptacle.

[0289] As illustrated, the support 420 may include a detachable mounting plate 429 which is fixed to the wall 8. The main body of the support is then engaged with the mounting plate and may be fixed, for example with security screws to resist vandalism. Alternatively, the support could be made as one permanent assembly and then fixed to the wall.

[0290] The flexible blade

[0291] As illustrated, the blade 120, 220 may be formed integrally with a tang 190, 290, and may extend from a proximal end region 121, 221 proximate the tang, to a tip portion 128, 228 that terminates at the tip 122, 222.

[0292] As illustrated, the mid-portion 123, 223 of the blade 120, 220 may extend for at least 90% of the length L of the blade between the proximal end region 121, 221 and the tip portion 128, 228.

[0293] Preferably, as illustrated, the tip portion 128, 228 of the blade defining the tip 122, 222 is rounded when considered in a plane Pl extending in the length and breadth dimensions.

[0294] In embodiments, the mid-portion of the blade may reduce in thickness in a direction away from the handle and towards the tip. For example, the mid-portion 223 of the second blade 220 may taper continuously in thickness over at least half of the length L of the blade in a direction away from the handle 210 and towards the tip 222. This arrangement is adopted in particular where the blade 220 is a machined pultrusion in accordance with structure B, but may also be adopted in a blade 120 according to structure A, as further discussed below

[0295] Alternatively, the mid-portion of the blade may have a cross-sectional profile that is constant (i.e. invariate) over at least half of the length L of the blade, advantageously over at least 90% of the length L of the blade. Advantageously, as illustrated, this arrangement can be adopted in a blade 120 in accordance with structure A, as further discussed below. The constant external section can make the blade 120 easier to clean by wiping it with toilet paper.

[0296] Preferably the blade 120, 220 is mirror-symmetric (or substantially mirror-symmetric) about each of two mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry, Pl and P2, extending respectively in the length and breadth dimensions (Pl) and the length and thickness dimensions (P2) and containing the length axis X at their line of mutual intersection.

[0297] When the blade 120 is configured in accordance with Structure A and formed by injection moulding, it may be substantially mirror-symmetric with the addition of small asymmetric features if required for gating the polymers in the injection mould.

[0298] The blade 120, 220 can be made more flexible in its thickness dimension than in its breadth dimension by making a part of the blade in the form of a generally flat strip, having a form factor wherein the breath B is at least five times the thickness Tmax (Structure B) or Tc (Structure A). This part is either the whole mid-portion 223 of the blade 200 in accordance with Structure B, or the central portion 132 of the core body 130 of the blade 100 in accordance with Structure A (since the core body 130 is stiffer than the support bodies 150, as further explained below). The latter arrangement in the blade 120 in accordance with Structure A allows the thickness Tmax of the midportion 123 to be relatively large compared with the breadth B, such as more than half of the breadth B, while still having a substantially greater stiffness in the breadth dimension by virtue of the smaller thickness Tc of the central portion 132 of the core body, as further discussed below.

[0299] The resistance of the mid-portion 123, 223 to bending in the thickness dimension may reduce, preferably progressively, towards the tip. As further discussed below, in the first blade 120 in accordance with Structure A, this is achieved by the fins 142 that are spaced apart by an inter-fin distance Lif and further arranged in accordance with Feature A or Feature B. Feature A defines an increasing inter-fin distance Lif towards the tip, so the flexibility increases as Lif increases. In the second blade 220 in accordance with Structure B, it is achieved by machining whereby the local thickness Tmax reduces towards the tip.

[0300] At the same time, when considered at rest (i.e. not flexed), the mid-portion 123 of the blade 100 may have a cross-sectional profile (defined by the outer surface 126 of the blade, Fig. 16iv, Fig. 16vi) that does not vary when considered lengthwise along the blade.

[0301] This is achieved in the first blade 120 in accordance with Structure A and Feature A by the progressive increase in Lif towards the tip of the core body, while the outer surface of the support bodies 150 defines the constant outer profile. The small portions 150' of the elastic support material 151 bulge outwardly between the fins 142 when compressed along the direction of the length axis X responsive to bending in the thickness dimension. The closer together the fins 142, the more resistance they provide to axial compression (along the direction of the length axis X) and to this local bulging, and so the stiffer the blade 120 in the thickness dimension. As the fins 142 get further apart, the support material 151 has more freedom to deform outwardly on the inside of the bend, since it presents less resistance to deformation under axial compression compared with the core material of the fins 142, and so the blade 120 becomes more flexible in the thickness dimension.

[0302] Narrow surfaces and blunt

[0303] It will be understood that a blunt cutting edge is a narrow surface, and a surface that is sufficiently narrow will form a cutting edge by virtue of its narrowness. A surface that is extremely narrow, for example, one micron in width, will form a sharp cutting edge, whereas a surface that is somewhat wider will form a blunt cutting edge if not too narrow and not too wide.

[0304] Preferably, as illustrated, each of the narrow surfaces 124, 224 is a respective blunt cutting edge 124, 224, so that the breadth B is defined between a pair of oppositely facing blunt cutting edges 124, 224. A pair of blunt cutting edges makes the blade easier to use in either direction for cutting an XLS in the pan, and also easier to clean. It also allows the blade to be mirror-symmetric about two mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry, as further discussed below.

[0305] As illustrated, when considered in cross-section in the breadth and thickness dimensions of the blade, the or each of the blunt cutting edges 124, 224 may be defined by a small radius formed on a respective edge portion of the blade so as to be capable of cutting soft material without cutting the user's hands when cleaned with toilet paper. The radius could be for example from about 0.01mm to about 2mm, although smaller or larger radii are possible. The radiused surface may extend through an arc of more than 90° and less than 180°, for example, in the range from about 95° to 165°. Alternatively, the blunt cutting edges could be formed as narrow flat surfaces or chamfers.

[0306] In the illustrated example of the first blade 120, each blunt cutting edge 124 has a radius of 0.2mm extending through an arc of a little more than 100°. In the illustrated example of the second blade 220, each blunt cutting edge 224 has a radius of 1.6mm extending through an arc of a little more than 150°.

[0307] Use as a cutting tool

[0308] The form factor of the mid-portion of the blade 120, 220, wherein the breadth B is greater than the thickness T, combined with the differential flexibility characteristic of the blade (having greater flexibility in the thickness dimension relative to the breadth dimension) allows the user to apply force in the breadth dimension with the blunt cutting edge or edges of the blade. The blade can be translated in the length dimension to cut in the manner of a knife, or the tip may be lodged in the trap to act as a pivot point while the blunt cutting edges traverse the bowl with a sweeping or slicing motion in any desired direction selected by rotating the handgrip 111, 211 about the length axis X.

[0309] In this way, the blade can be used as a cutting tool to slice into pieces an XLS deposited in the pan 3, so that it can be flushed away in pieces through the trap 2.

[0310] Preferably the or each blunt cutting edge is smooth and straight when considered along the length of the blade. Preferably, the blade 111, 211 is smooth, which is to say, is substantially smooth over substantially all of its length, so that the blade can be easily cleaned and dried by placing it in the pan 3 and flushing the toilet, and then wiping the blade with toilet paper which is then flushed away down the pan.

[0311] Use as an unblocking tool

[0312] Figs. 25A and 25B illustrate how the tool is used to clear a blockage in the trap 2 of a toilet 1, by pushing the tip of the blade into the trap 2 (Fig. 25A) and then applying axial compressive force F at the handle 110 to urge the blade into and through the trap (Fig. 25B). Although the procedure is illustrated with the first tool 100, the second tool 200 behaves the same way and so the description of how the tool is used for cutting and unblocking applies equally to the second tool.

[0313] When used as an unblocking tool, the flexibility characteristic of the blade 120, 220 makes it possible to steer the blade through the trap of the toilet by applying force, including torque, to the handgrip portion. Since the handgrip portion 111, 211 is relatively stiff and is elongate along the length axis X of the blade, it is possible to apply force in both first and second directions of manipulation, and also to translate the blade 120, 220 along its length axis X in a stabbing motion, while gripping the handgrip 111 comfortably in the hand.

[0314] The first direction of manipulation is from side to side, in translation in the breadth dimension and / or in rotation about an axis extending in the thickness dimension. This translates the blade in a sweeping motion, in the plane of its length and breadth dimensions.

[0315] The second direction of manipulation is in rotation about the length axis X, by rotating the handgrip portion 111, 211 about the length axis X as illustrated by the double headed arrow in Fig. 25B. This propagates torsion along the length of the blade, causing the blade 120, 220 to rotate all the way to its tip.

[0316] Since the blade 120, 220 is relatively inflexible in its breadth dimension, it curves about an axis of curvature that is perpendicular to the length and thickness dimensions and extends in parallel with the blade along the breadth dimension.

[0317] When the blade is inserted through the trap 2, it will contact the wall of the trap 2 at various points which constrain the blade elastically in its curved configuration. By rotating the blade in the second direction of manipulation, in rotation about the length axis X, the part of the blade that rests in contact with the wall of the trap 2 can be rotated, which also rotates the axis of curvature. This causes the tip 122, 222 of the blade to move in translation as the blade pivots about the point of contact, changing the direction of the length axis X proximate the blade tip, and also changing the direction in which the blade tip will translate when the blade is rotated in the first (side to side) direction of manipulation.

[0318] By moving the handgrip 111, 211 from side to side in the first direction of manipulation, the tip 122, 222 can be translated in the direction defined by the second direction of manipulation, beyond the point at which the blade contacts the wall of the trap 2, which acts as a pivot point for the motion at the blade tip.

[0319] The combined effect is that by manipulating the blade 120, 220 via the handgrip 111, 211, the user is able to steer the blade tip in multiple degrees of freedom beyond the point where the blade disappears around the trap 2, and to advance and retract the blade tip 122, 222 in a stabbing motion along multiple different directions through the blockage in the hidden part of the trap 2. This penetrates the blockage along multiple axes, dividing the consolidated material and allowing the water in the pan 3 to drain through it and carry it away in fragments. In this way the blockage is broken up in situ and flushed away in pieces until the trap 2 is clear.

[0320] The relatively narrow, thin form factor of the blade 120, 220 means that its volume is small, so it displaces very little water in the pan 3, and it moves through the pan 3 without splashing. It also makes it easy to clean the blade after use.

[0321] The novel tool 100, 200 can thus be used to clear the blockage without splashing or soiling the hands or the bathroom environment, even if the pan 3 is full of water.

[0322] Blade length L

[0323] The length L of the blade 120, 220 is selected to be sufficient to extend a substantial distance through the bend or trap 2 of a standard toilet pan 3 as defined in BS EN 997:2018, but short enough that the blade is conveniently usable as a cutting tool in the pan 3.

[0324] The length L of the blade is preferably in the range of 30cm - 90cm, more preferably 40 cm - 80cm, yet more preferably 50cm - 70cm, most preferably about 60cm.

[0325] For cutting an XLS a length of 30cm - 70cm, more preferably 40cm - 60cm is particularly convenient. A substantially shorter blade can make it difficult to work close to the trap 2 without immersing the handle when the toilet bowl or pan 3 is full of water, while a substantially longer blade can make it awkward to apply a lateral force to obtain a cutting action near the tip.

[0326] For use in unblocking the trap 3 from a consolidated mass of toilet paper or the like, a length of 50cm - 90cm, more preferably 60cm - 80cm is particularly convenient. A substantially shorter blade may not reach far enough into the trap 2 to pierce the blockage without immersing the handle when the toilet bowl or pan 3 is full of water, while a substantially longer blade may be awkward to manage in the limited space of a typical lavatory, and requires an inconveniently tall receptacle for storage.

[0327] A length L in the range from 50cm to 70cm, most preferably about 60cm is particularly convenient for use for both purposes and therefore is particularly preferred.

[0328] Optional cover

[0329] In the apparatus of the first aspect (e.g. the first or second apparatus), the tool (e.g. 100, 200) may be withdrawn from, and returned to, its stored position in the receptacle 310, 410 without removing the stack of toilet rolls resting on the support surface 321, 421.

[0330] Referring to Fig. 40, optionally, a cover (e.g. cover 700 as illustrated) may be provided, the cover being configured to partially or entirely enclose the stack of toilet rolls 5 resting on the support surface. The cover includes at least an upper wall 701 having an upwardly open aperture 702 through which the tool 100, 200 (conveniently also the top of the receptacle 310, 410, as shown) extends in the stored position of the tool. The cover 700 may also include a tubular sidewall

[0331] 703 that surrounds the stack of toilet rolls 5. The cover may also include a lower wall (present but not visible in the drawing) which also has an aperture through which the receptacle 310, 410 extends, and which overlies the support surface 321, 421 beneath the stack of toilet rolls 5 resting on the support surface 321, 421, so that the lower wall of the cover is interposed therebetween. As illustrated, the upper and lower walls may be circular and (except for their central apertures) may close the ends of the cylindrical space within the tubular sidewall 703. The receptacle may be received fittingly in the aperture 702 of the upper wall and the corresponding aperture of the lower wall, if present.

[0332] The tool may be withdrawn from, and returned to, its stored position in the receptacle via the upwardly open aperture 702 of the cover, without removing the stack of toilet rolls 5 resting on the support surface 321, 421.

[0333] The cover 700 may be made from flexible or rigid materials, e.g. a fabric or a plastics moulding, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the cover 700 is removable from the tool holder. The upper wall 701 of the cover, optionally also the sidewall 703 or an upper portion thereof, optionally also the lower wall of the cover, may be openable and closeable, e.g. by a slide fastener

[0334] 704 and / or one or more drawstrings (not shown). The fastener or the or each drawstring may close or constrict the upper and / or lower wall of the cover around the receptacle 310, 410. Depending on the configuration of the cover, the toilet rolls 5 may be removed from the tool holder by first lifting the cover 700 upwardly over the handle of the tool, or by opening the cover 700 and removing the toilet rolls 5 upwardly over the handle while the cover 700 remains in position around the receptacle 310, 410. As illustrated, the slide fastener 704 may open and close a slit that communicates with the upwardly open aperture 702, so that the cover can be opened out to give access to the uppermost roll 5 in the stack.

[0335] Example apparatus in accordance with the second aspect: cutting and unblocking tool with flexible blade

[0336] In embodiments in accordance with the second aspect of the invention, a tool 100, 200 for use in unblocking a trap 2 of a toilet 1, includes an elongate handle 110, 210 and an elongate blade 120, 220, which are connected together in fixed, collinear relation to extend in a length dimension along a length axis X of the tool. The blade 120, 220 extends for a length L along the length axis X from the handle to a tip 122, 222 of the blade.

[0337] The blade 120, 200 has a mid-portion 123, 223 between the handle and the tip. The mid-portion 123, 223 has a pair of oppositely facing narrow surfaces 124, 224, a pair of oppositely facing sides 125, 225 extending between the narrow surfaces, and a breadth B between the narrow surfaces in a breadth dimension perpendicular to the length dimension; and, when considered in cross-section, a local maximum thickness Tmax between the sides 125, 225 in a thickness dimension perpendicular to the length and breadth dimensions, wherein (L > B > Tmax).

[0338] At least one of the narrow surfaces 124, 224 is a blunt cutting edge. Preferably, as illustrated, each of the narrow surfaces 124, 224 is a respective blunt cutting edge, so that the breadth B is defined between a pair of oppositely facing blunt cutting edges 124, 224.

[0339] The mid-portion of the blade has a greater resistance to bending in the breath dimension than in the thickness dimension, and is elastically bendable in the thickness dimension to allow the tip to move slidingly through a trap 2 of a toilet 1 when urged through the trap 2 by a compressive force F acting along the length axis X at the handle.

[0340] The foregoing features have been described above with reference to the apparatus of the first aspect of the invention.

[0341] In embodiments in accordance with the second aspect of the invention, the blade is configured in accordance with either structure A, illustrated by the blade 120 of the first tool 100, or structure B, illustrated by the blade 220 of the second tool 200, as further described below.

[0342] The blade in accordance with structure A

[0343] In accordance with structure A, the blade 120 includes a core body 130 made from a core material 131, and at least two support bodies 150 made from a support material 151.

[0344] The core body 130 includes a central portion 132 that extends continuously lengthwise along the mid-portion 123 of the blade, and a pair of edge portions 134, each of the edge portions defining a respective one of the narrow surfaces (blunt cutting edges) 124.

[0345] The central portion 132 of the core body is arranged between the support bodies 150 in the thickness dimension, and between the edge portions 134 in the breadth dimension.

[0346] The support material 151 includes an elastomer.

[0347] The support material may consist entirely or mainly of one or more elastomers. For example, the one or more elastomers may comprise at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the support material by volume. The support material may include a filler or fillers, for example, to provide a smooth, opaque, and preferably white or near white surface. Preferably both the support material and the core material have a white or near white colour, for example, a creamy white or greyish white colour, and a smooth and relatively slippery surface, so that they are easy to clean.

[0348] The core material 131 has a higher elastic modulus than the support material 151. That is to say: the core material 131 is relatively more rigid than the support material 151; and the support material will stretch more than the core material when subjected to equal force in tension, and so will also deform more than the core material when subjected to equal force in compression.

[0349] The core material may be relatively harder than the support material.

[0350] The central portion 132 acts in compression to transmit axial force F from the handle to the tip, so that the blade can be advanced and retracted axially and urged around the bend of the trap 2.

[0351] Preferably, when considered in cross-section perpendicular to the length axis X, the central portion 132 of the core body has a thickness Tc in the thickness dimension, wherein B > 5 Tc.

[0352] Preferably B > 7.5 Tc. More preferably, B >10 Tc. For example, optionally, B > 15 Tc. In the illustrated example, the breadth B of the first blade 100 is 16mm and the thickness of the central portion 132 is 1mm, so the breadth B is slightly greater than 15 Tc.

[0353] This provides a better differential flexibility characteristic, which is to say, it makes the blade relatively inflexible in its breadth dimension compared with the thickness dimension. This allows the blade to be used in the manner of a knife so that its blunt cutting edges 124 exert a cutting action in the pan 3. By also translating the blade axially, the cutting action can be enhanced.

[0354] The support bodies 150 protect the central portion 132 of the core body against permanent plastic deformation by resisting local buckling under axial compression. As the blade is bent in the thickness dimension, the support material 151 on the inside of the bend is displaced to form a bulge. The smaller the bend radius, the more resistance it offers to local compression, distributing the compressive force over a longer length of the blade. In this way the support body 150 on the inside of the bend maintains a minimum bend radius at the surface of the central portion 132, sufficient to prevent local compressive failure of the core material 131. The support body on the outside of the bend also exerts a protective effect, resisting the applied force in tension.

[0355] Since the support material includes an elastomer, it is highly resistant to permanent (plastic) deformation under transient compressive stress, even at high values, and so in normal use, the blade will return to its rest state after the force is removed.

[0356] The support material 151 may have a hardness of about 50 to 100 Shore A, such as about 60 to 80 Shore A, or about 75 to 95 Shore A.

[0357] Preferably, the blade 120 in accordance with structure A has a lenticular cross-section perpendicular to the length axis X, so in the breadth and thickness dimensions, as shown in Fig. 16iv. That is to say, its cross-section is biconvex with oppositely and outwardly curved sides 125 converging towards the blunt cutting edges 124. Preferably the radius of curvature of the sides 125 decreases towards the blunt cutting edges 124, as also shown in Fig. 16iv. For example, it may decrease to a small radius at each blunt cutting edge 124, e.g. a radius of about 0.1mm or 0.2mm as illustrated. This provides a robust profile that is easy to clean and cuts effectively through soft materials in the pan 3, while the curved sides 125 enhance the protection provided by the support bodies against local buckling and kinking of the blade.

[0358] Advantageously, the support bodies also add stiffness in torsion about the length axis X, so that the blade does not twist away from the direction of the applied force during cutting. This stiffness in torsion is enhanced by providing fins 142 as further discussed below, which help to couple the core body and support bodies together in torsion.

[0359] Preferably, each of the support bodies 150 has a thickness Ts mid-way between the narrow surfaces or blunt cutting edges 124 that is greater than, and preferably at least twice, the thickness Tc of the central portion 132 of the core body 130 when considered in the same cross-section (e.g. Fig. 16iv). Thus, where B > 5Tc, preferably also Ts > Tc, and more preferably, Ts > 2-Tc. This can be seen when considered in longitudinal section in the length and thickness dimensions, mid-way between the blunt cutting edges 124, as shown in the left-hand drawing in Fig. 13, or in crosssection in the breadth and thickness dimensions as shown in Fig. 16iv.

[0360] The core body 130 may define an axial end surface 126" of the blade 120 at the tip 122, wherein the axial end surface 126" defines a blunt cutting edge 127. The blunt cutting edge 127 at the tip 122 helps to pierce a blockage in the trap 2. Preferably, the tip portion of the blade defining the tip is rounded when considered in a plane extending in the length and breadth dimensions. The blunt cutting edges 127, 124 may be defined by the same profile (i.e. the same shape, e.g. the same radius, in a plane perpendicular to the edge) that extends continuously around the tip portion, so that they form a continuous blunt cutting edge 124, 127, 124 as shown.

[0361] Advantageously, the core body 130 may be enlarged locally in the thickness dimension in the tip portion 128, as shown, so that when projected in the direction of the length axis X, the core body 130 occupies a section area equal to a section area of the mid-portion 123 of the blade midway between the handle 110 and the tip 122. (Both section areas are defined in planes perpendicular to the length axis X.) This enlarged tip portion 128 formed from the relatively hard and stiff core material 131 protects the more elastic support material 151 against abrasion when the blade 120 is advanced axially through the trap 2.

[0362] Referring particularly to Fig. 16iii and Fig. 16iv, when considered in cross-section, the edge portions 134 of the core body 130 may define a pair of oppositely directed arrowhead profiles, terminating at the blunt cutting edges 124 and joined by the central portion 132 which defines a flat strip or plate. As illustrated, each of the edge portions 134 may include a pair of first surfaces 135 converging towards the respective blunt cutting edge 124, and a pair of second surfaces 136 converging towards the central portion 132.

[0363] When considered in cross-section in the breadth and thickness dimensions, as shown in Fig. 16iii and Fig. 16iv, each of the first surfaces 135 defines a respective vertex 137 at a point of intersection with a respective one of the second surfaces 136; and each of the second surfaces 136 is covered by a respective one of the support bodies 150; and each of the support bodies 150 terminates at a respective one of the vertices 137.

[0364] In this way, the support bodies 150 and the first surfaces 135 together define an outer surface 126 of the blade 120. This gives a smooth surface that is easy to clean while protecting the outer edges of the elastomeric support material 151 against damage.

[0365] Preferably, the core body 130 is formed integrally with the tang 190, and more preferably, the central portion 132 also extends to form part of the tang 190, as shown.

[0366] The tang 190 may have a textured surface, e.g. as illustrated, to form a key for an adhesive, e.g. a gap filling adhesive, that is used to bond the tang into the recess 115 in the handle.

[0367] The proximal end region 121 of the blade may be contoured to blend into the handle, and may define an abutment surface 191 to retain the ferrule 118, 218 as mentioned above and best seen in Fig. 16i.

[0368] For example, the radius at the blunt cutting edges 124 may increase towards the tang 190, as best seen in Fig. 15, so that the profile of the blade blends into the profile of the tang. The profile of the tang 190 may be selected as shown to match the profile of a recess 115 machined in the handle by a rotating cutter that translates from side to side, thus forming a generally rectangular slot with two opposite broad, flat sides, and two opposite narrow sides with a semicircular profile.

[0369] Preferably, the core body 130 is mirror-symmetric about the plane Pl extending through the surfaces defining the blunt cutting edges 124 (i.e. through the blunt cutting edges 124) in the length and breadth dimensions, and preferably also about the plane P2 that extends in the length and thickness dimensions, perpendicular to the plane Pl, to bisect the blade mid-way between the blunt cutting edges 124.

[0370] The blade 120 in accordance with structure A may be formed by injection moulding, wherein the core body 130 is moulded in a first operation and then the support bodies 150 are moulded in a second operation.

[0371] The core material 131 and the support material 151 may be gated at the tip portion 128 to flow towards the tang 190, or at the tang 190 to flow towards the tip 122. In a development, not shown, a part or parts of the abutment surface 191 of the core body may be removed to accommodate a gate or gates for the support material on one or both sides of the tang 190, so as to conceal the witness marks inside the handle 110, e.g. inside the ferrule 118.

[0372] Structure A: Fins

[0373] Preferably, as best seen in Figs. 13 and 14, the core body 130 includes two sets 140, 141 of fins 142, and the central portion 132 is arranged between the two sets of fins in the thickness dimension.

[0374] Each set 140, 141 of fins includes a plurality of fins 142 extending in the thickness dimension from the central portion 132, and spaced apart in the length dimension to define a plurality of recesses 143.

[0375] Each set 140, 141 of fins may include more than one hundred fins 142, or even more than two hundred fins 142. In the illustrated embodiment there are two hundred and eleven fins 142 in each set.

[0376] Each recess 143 extends in the length dimension for an inter-fin distance Lif between two respective adjacent ones of the fins 142.

[0377] Each recess 143 is filled by a respective one of the support bodies 150, or by a respective portion 150' of a respective one of the support bodies 150.

[0378] Since the core material 131 is stiffer than the support material 151, the fins 142 increase the bending resistance offered by the support bodies 150 when the blade 120 is flexed in its thickness dimension. They also help to bond the support material 151 to the core body 130. The fins also increase the resistance of the blade to twisting in torsion about its length axis, which makes it easier to keep the blade in the desired orientation for cutting.

[0379] Preferably the two sets 140, 141 of fins are mirror-symmetric about a first central plane of symmetry Pl of the blade 120 that extends in the length and breadth dimensions and bisects the blade 120 in its thickness dimension. This ensures that the blade 120 behaves with the same flexibility characteristic when bent in either direction.

[0380] Preferably, as shown, the blade 120 and core body 130 are also mirror-symmetric about a second central plane of symmetry P2 that extends in the length and thickness dimensions. The first and second planes of symmetry Pl, P2 are thus mutually perpendicular, and can also be seen in the second blade 220.

[0381] Preferably, as illustrated, on each side 125 of the blade 120, each of the recesses 143 is filled with a respective portion 150' of a single respective support body 150, which defines an outer surface 126' of the respective side 125 of the blade. The outer surface 126' extends continuously lengthwise along the mid-portion 123 of the blade 120, over the outwardly facing edges of the fins 142 which are recessed below the outer contour of the blade profile as shown in Figs. 16iii - 16vi.

[0382] The outer skin of support material 151 extending across all of the fins 142 forms part of the outer surface 126 of the blade which is easy to wipe clean, extending smoothly and continuously across the junction between the core material 131 and support material 151.

[0383] The tool 100 including fins 142 may further include at least one of features A, B and C, each of which provides an increasing flexibility towards the tip 122 in the thickness dimension. Features A, B and C can be used individually or in any combination as desired.

[0384] Feature A: Increasing Lif

[0385] In accordance with feature A the inter-fin distance Lif increases in a direction away from the handle 110 and towards the tip 122. Preferably the increase is progressive between different respective pairs of the fins (in accordance with Feature C below.)

[0386] As shown in Fig. 14, the inter-fin distance Lif increases from a small value Lif 1 near the handle 110, through a slightly larger value Lif 2 part way along the blade 120, to a maximum value Lif 3 near the tip 122.

[0387] The more closely spaced fins 142 near the handle occupy a greater proportion of the volume of the blade 120 on either side of the central portion 132, and so the greater proportion of more rigid core material 131 reduces the deformation on the inside of the bend in flexure, so increasing stiffness in the thickness dimension.

[0388] The blade 120 becomes more flexible with the increasing inter-fin spacing Lif, hence the increasing proportion of softer, more deformable support material 151 towards the tip 122.

[0389] The effect is enhanced by the bond between the fins and the support material, so that the fins inhibit deformation of the support material.

[0390] Feature B: flexure regions

[0391] As shown in Fig. 17B, in accordance with feature B, a pair of flexure regions 144 are defined respectively at opposite sides of the blade 120. Each flexure region 144 extends for a length Lf in the length dimension, from a respective one (142') of the fins 142 towards the tip 122.

[0392] The fins 142 are absent in each flexure region 144.

[0393] The length Lf of each flexure region 144 is greater than the inter-fin distance Lif' of a respective one (143') of the recesses 143 terminating at said respective one (142') of the fins.

[0394] Each flexure region 144 is filled by a respective one of the support bodies 150, or by a respective portion 150" of a respective one of the support bodies 150. This has the same effect as Feature A in making the blade 120 more flexible proximate the tip 122, although it does not provide a progressive and graduated increase in flexibility along the length of the blade 120 as does Feature A.

[0395] The longer distance Lf between the last fin 142' and the tip 122 allows the support material 151 more freedom to bend compared with the shorter distance Lif between the fins 142.

[0396] Feature C: progressive reduction in bending resistance

[0397] In accordance with feature C, at least one parameter of the fins 142 is configured to vary progressively in the length dimension, for different respective ones of the fins of each of the two sets, so that the resistance of the mid-portion to bending in the thickness dimension reduces progressively towards the tip. The at least one parameter is at least one of (a) the inter-fin distance Lif, and (b) a respective dimension of each respective fin 142.

[0398] A progressive increase in Lif provides a progressive reduction in bending resistance towards the tip and so corresponds to the preferred arrangement of feature A as discussed above.

[0399] A dimension of each fin can be varied progressively to achieve a similar effect. For example, the dimension could be a thickness of each fin in the length dimension of the blade, so the fins become proressively thicker towards the handle. Or, it could be a height of each fin in the thickness dimension of the blade, so the fins become progressively more shallow towards the tip. That is to say, if the outer profile of the blade does not vary along the length of the mid-portion, the free edges of the fins will become progressively more distant from the outer surface of the blade.

[0400] Structure A: core material and support material

[0401] The core material 131 may include a plastics material, e.g. a thermoplastic, e.g. a polyolefin. The polyolefin may be a polyethylene, e.g. a high density polyethylene (HDPE), or a polypropylene, for example, a polypropylene copolymer, e.g. incorporating propylene and ethylene, or alternatively a polypropylene homopolymer, which may have a crystallinity of at least 30%.

[0402] The core material 131 may include other plastics, including both commodity and engineering plastics, for example: acetal (POM), ABS, polyamide, polyethylene, and many others.

[0403] The core material 131 may include a blend of more than one polymer, e.g. polypropylene and polyamide (e.g. nylon 6), optionally including a coupling agent or compatibilizer.

[0404] The core material may include at least one filler blended with the plastics material (which forms the matrix for the filler).

[0405] The at least one filler may be a fibrous filler or a platy filler, or a mixture of a fibrous filler and a platy filler. The fibrous filler may include glass fibres or carbon fibres or mineral fibres, for example, calcium sulphate whiskers.

[0406] The platy filler may include for example kaolin or talc, and may have a relatively high aspect ratio for improved tensile strength.

[0407] Preferably, the filler is bonded chemically with the matrix, e.g. by means of at least one coupling agent, which may include a maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, or for example by modifying a glass fibre filler with an aluminum alkyl and hydroxy-a-olefin, followed by direct metallocenic copolymerization, as disclosed by

[0408] Etcheverry et al, Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Mechanical Properties Enhancement by Adhesion Improvement. Materials (Basel). 2012 Jun 18;5(6):1084-1113. doi: 10.3390 / ma5061084. PMID: 28817025; PMCID: PMC5448969.

[0409] The support material 131 may include a particulate filler blended with the elastomer. The filler may be for example nanoparticles of clay, which may increase the elastic modulus of the support material, and may also increase biodegradability of the support material.

[0410] The elastomer of the support material 131 may be a natural or synthetic rubber or another polymer with elastomeric properties. It may be a thermoplastic elastomer, e.g. a thermoplastic styrenic elastomer or a thermoplastic olefinic elastomer.

[0411] A thermoplastic olefinic elastomer may be a thermoplastic vulcanisate.

[0412] A thermoplastic vulcanisate may be formed by dynamic vulcanisation (i.e. vulcanisation during moulding) of a rubber such as EPDM blended with a thermoplastic such as polypropylene (yielding a polypropylene vulcanisate) or polyethylene (yielding a polyethylene vulcanisate), or by vulcanisation of chlorosulfonated polyethylene (yielding CSM synthetic rubber) with or without an added thermoplastic, e.g. polypropylene (which would yield a polypropylene vulcanisate based on the CSM synthetic rubber).

[0413] The thermoplastic component of the support material 131 may be a maleic anhydride grafted polymer, e.g. a maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene.

[0414] The polypropylene may be a copolymer, e.g. of propylene and ethylene, or an isotactic polypropylene homopolymer.

[0415] The core material 131 may include a thermoplastic, wherein the support material 151 includes a thermoplastic elastomer, e.g. a thermoplastic vulcanisate.

[0416] For example, the core material may be a filled polypropylene, and the thermoplastic elastomer may be a polypropylene vulcanisate. Alternatively the core material may be a filled high density polyethylene, and the thermoplastic elastomer may be a polyethylene vulcanisate. The core material and / or support material, and preferably also other plastics parts of the handle and tool holder, may include additives formulated to increase biodegradability of the respective polymers in case the tool or tool holder is discarded or disposed in landfill. In this case, preferably a drainage hole is provided in the support of the tool holder, as discussed above, to ensure that the blade is not stored in water that could cause premature biodegradation.

[0417] The blade in accordance with structure B

[0418] Referring to Figs. 18 - 23, the second tool 200 illustrates a blade 220 formed in accordance with structure B.

[0419] The blade 220 includes or consists of a pultrusion 220' having a reinforcement 270 embedded in a matrix 280.

[0420] The matrix 280 includes a first polymer blended with an elastomer, wherein the first polymer has a higher elastic modulus (hence, greater stiffness) than the elastomer.

[0421] The reinforcement 270 includes inner and outer fibres 271, 273, 274.

[0422] The inner fibres 271, 273 extend along the length L of the blade 220 from the handle 210 to the tip 222.

[0423] The mid-portion 223 of the blade 220 includes a machined region 260, wherein at least one of the sides 225 in the machined region 260 includes a cut surface 261. The cut surface 261 extends in the length and breadth dimensions and bounds the local maximum thickness Tmax in the machined region 260.

[0424] That is to say: in the machined region 260, at least one of the two opposite sides 225 of the blade 220, between which its local maximum thickness Tmax is defined, is formed by a cut surface 261.

[0425] Since the cut surface 261 is formed by machining the pultrusion 220' (e.g. by cutting or abrading the surface) to remove an outer layer of the matrix and the outer fibres 274, the outer fibres 274 terminate at the cut surface 261.

[0426] Accordingly, the local maximum thickness Tmax is smaller in the machined region 260 (illustrated by local maximum thickness Tmax2) than in the proximal end region 221 of the blade proximate the handle 210 (illustrated by local maximum thickness Tmaxl).

[0427] The machined region 260 tapers in thickness towards the tip 222 of the blade 220, so that the resistance of the mid-portion 223 to bending in the thickness dimension reduces progressively towards the tip 222.

[0428] This can be seen for example in the progressive reduction in local maximum thickness from Tmax 2 closer to the handle 210, to Tmax 3 closer to the tip 222. Thus, in the blade 220, the maximum thickness Tmax is a local value which reduces progressively along the length of the machined region 260 of the blade, and is indicated in Fig. 19 at three different points of the blade as Tmax 1, Tmax 2, and Tmax 3.

[0429] In consequence, the pultruded second blade 220 performs in a similar way to the injection moulded first blade 120 when subjected to a three-point bending test as illustrated in Figs. 24 A - C.

[0430] Preferably, the tang 290 is formed integrally with the blade as a portion of the pultrusion. As illustrated, the value Tmax has a maximum value Tmax 1 in the proximal end region 221 of the blade, which is the part proximate the handle 210. The thickness Tmax 1 is the same as that of the original pultrusion 220', as shown in Fig. 21. The tang 290 may be machined, e.g. to form grooves 292, to define a key for the adhesive that bonds it into a recess (similar to recess 115) in the handle 210.

[0431] The tang 290 could also be machined to define an abutment surface (not shown) that faces away from the blade to retain a ferrule 218 at the end of the handle 210, in the same way as the abutment surface 191 of the first blade 120. The abutment surface could be machined at the sides 225 and / or at the narrow surfaces (blunt cutting edges) 224.

[0432] Preferably, each of the sides 225 in the machined region 260 includes a respective said cut surface 261, the maximum thickness Tmax in the machined region 260 being defined between the respective cut surfaces 261 of the pair of sides 225. By machining both sides 225 of the blade 220, a symmetric form is obtained which also exhibits a symmetric bending characteristic. Less preferably, only one side 225 of the blade 220 could be machined.

[0433] Optionally, as shown, the blade 220 may have a greater thickness in the tip portion 228, proximate the tip 222, than in the machined region 260 of the mid-portion 223. This protects the tip 222 against damage.

[0434] Although the cut surfaces 261 in the illustrated example are flat, they could alternatively be curved when considered in cross-section (i.e. in a section perpendicular to the length axis X), so that the blade in accordance with Structure B has a lenticular shape with curved, opposite sides converging towards the blunt cutting edges 224.

[0435] The sides 225 of the pultrusion 220'can be machined as shown in Fig. 23 by drawing it between two rotating cutters or abrasive wheels 201 that are progressively moved together as the pultrusion 220' moves between them, producing the taper along the length of the blade 220. This produces a cut surface 261 on each side 225 of the blade 220, removing the outer fibres 274 so that the remaining parts of the outer fibres then terminate at the cut surface. Curved cut surfaces 261 could be formed by curved cutting or grinding tools 201.

[0436] Structure B: Aspect ratio In order for the blade 220 to be adequately stiff in the breadth dimension and flexible in the thickness dimension, B > 5-Tmax. This ratio can be observed throughout the length of the midportion 223 of the blade 220.

[0437] Preferably, at the thinnest part of the mid-portion 223, B > 10-Tmax. More preferably, B > 15-Tmax. In the illustrated example, in the thinnest region of the mid-portion 223, close to the locally thickened tip portion 228, as shown in Fig. 20iv, the breadth B is equal to about 16-Tmax3.

[0438] In order to make the blade 120, 220 easy to clean, and relatively easier to steer around the bend of the trap 2, and to allow use with a small diameter tubular receptacle 310, 410 that can accept toilet rolls 5 with a small diameter core aperture 6, and further to allow the receptacle 310, 410 to have a relatively large wall thickness so that it can have adequate strength even if made from relatively weak materials - it is preferred that the breadth B of the blade 120, 220 of the first or second tool is not greater than about 35mm, more preferably not greater than about 25mm, yet more preferably not greater than 20mm.

[0439] Since the blade of Structure B has a relatively large aspect ratio of breadth B to thickness Tmax, this together with the relatively narrow breadth B drives the blade thickness Tmax towards a small value.

[0440] In order to guard against fracture of the blade in flexure, a thin blade preferably should have relatively high tensile strength.

[0441] In accordance with Structure B, this is achieved by forming the blade as a pultrusion, which advantageously aligns fibres of the reinforcement along the length axis of the pultrusion 220'.

[0442] However, a thin blade with reinforcing fibres that provide strength in tension is also vulnerable to failure in compression by local buckling. Hence, in order to resist damage when strongly flexed, the matrix 280 should have a relatively high compressive strength.

[0443] However, a relatively high compressive strength, such as found in unmodified epoxy resin as commonly used to form glass fibre reinforced pultrusions, results in a high flexural modulus which can require relatively high force to urge even a thin section to bend to the radius of the trap 2.

[0444] To overcome this problem, the matrix 280 may be formed from an epoxy resin modified with a minor proportion of an elastomer. Since elastomers are able to yield elastically in compression long before they reach their elastic limit, while resisting plastic deformation under high but transient stress, a pultrusion having a matrix 280 formed from an epoxy modified by an elastomer can allow the blade 220 to flex more easily under compressive force applied at the handle 210, while also resisting flexural failure if bent to a small radius.

[0445] Another problem is that, if the blade 220 is sufficiently thin to bend to the radius of the trap 2 under modest compressive force applied at the handle 210, then the upper portion of the blade closer to the handle 210 may buckle elastically to relieve the applied compressive force from the tip

[0446] 222.

[0447] In order to obviate this behaviour so as to obtain a relatively stiff upper portion of the blade 220 that can more easily control the movement of the tip 222 and also perform a cutting action, the blade 220 is formed by machining the pultrusion 220' to form the tapering mid-portion 223 of the blade. Preferably as shown, the pultrusion 220' is machined to define a pair of mirror-symmetric cut surfaces 261 that define the taper, wherein the central fibres 271, 273 of the reinforcement extend through the tapering mid-portion 223 from the handle 210 to the tip 222.

[0448] Structure B: Reinforcement

[0449] The reinforcement may comprise natural or artificial fibres. The fibres may include glass fibres, carbon fibres, polymer (e.g. para-aramid) fibres, and / or plant fibres.

[0450] Fig. 22 shows the reinforcement in five bundles, each bundle extending in the breadth dimension of the blade. The bundles are offset for better illustration, but in practice will be laid tightly together as they pass through the pultrusion die. The fibres are drawn through the die in tension as they are impregnated with the matrix inside the die, as well known in the art. The finished pultrusion 220' can be cut into lengths before machining, or it could be machined before cutting into lengths.

[0451] Optionally, as shown, some of the inner fibres 271 are oriented parallel with the length axis X, and some of the inner fibres 273 are oriented in a symmetric pattern oblique to the length axis X.

[0452] The inner fibres 273 may be formed as a braided tape defining the symmetric pattern, as shown. The lengthwise inner fibres 271 (i.e. the fibres that extend parallel with the length axis) may be formed with additional inner fibres that extend perpendicular to the length axis X of the blade, for example as a woven tape, as shown. The oblique fibres 273 help to react torsion applied by twisting the blade along its length axis, and so resist splitting in the thin part of the blade. The lengthwise fibres 271 react bending forces applied about a transverse axis (like those shown in the three-point bending test in Figs. 24 A - C.)

[0453] A braided tape may be arranged in-between two woven tapes, as shown. Alternatively, a woven tape may be arranged in-between two braided tapes. Alternatively, both woven and braided fibres may be incorporated together in a single tape.

[0454] The outer fibres 274 could also be formed as tapes.

[0455] The inner fibres 271, 273 are preserved in the thin part of the blade after machining, while the outer fibres 274 are removed progressively along the length of the blade by machining.

[0456] Structure B: matrix The first polymer of the matrix 280 is not an elastomer and so has a relatively higher elastic modulus, hence higher stiffness, than the elastomer.

[0457] The compressive yield strength of the first polymer is preferably at least 70MPa, more preferably at least lOOMPa, most preferably at least 130MPa.

[0458] The first polymer of the matrix 280 may be an epoxy.

[0459] The epoxy may include bisphenol A for improved toughness.

[0460] Preferably the elastomer is a reactive rubber having terminal functional groups that bond chemically with the epoxy. Thus, the matrix 280 may be a copolymer of epoxy and a reactive liquid rubber.

[0461] The matrix 280 may include at least 75% or 80% or 85% or 90% or 95% of epoxy by weight or volume.

[0462] Alternatively, the matrix 280 may include another polymer or co-polymer. For example, the matrix 280 may include an ABS / acetal copolymer, wherein the elastomer comprises the polybutadiene component of the ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene).

[0463] The matrix 280 may include a minor proportion of elastomer by weight or by volume; for example, not more than 25%, or not more than 20%, or not more than 15%, or not more than 10%, or not more than 5%, or even not more than 2%, or not more than 1%.

[0464] The matrix 280 may further include nanoparticles, e.g. of glass or silica or alumina trihydrate, which may provide improved mechanical properties in combination with the elastomer, e.g. in the form of a vulcanisate, as known in the art.

[0465] The elastomer may be a natural or synthetic rubber, e.g. polybutadiene, e.g. an isocyanate- or hydroxyl- or carboxyl- terminated polybutadiene, or a carboxyl terminated butadieneacrylonitrile.

[0466] The elastomer may be a polysiloxane, a fluoro-elastomer, or an acrylated elastomer, e.g. a reactive butadiene acrylonitrile.

[0467] The elastomer may be a polyurethane or a polycarbonate polyurethane.

[0468] The elastomer may be based on a hydroxyl terminated polyester.

[0469] The elastomer may be blended with the first polymer in liquid form, or alternatively may be added in particulate form, for example, in the form of ground particles of rubber, e.g. waste tyre rubber.

[0470] Alternatively, the matrix 280 may be a vulcanisate, which is to say, the elastomer is vulcanised as part of the blend while forming the product. The elastomer may be blended in liquid form with the first polymer and then vulcanised during pultrusion by the heat of the resin as it passes through the screw and the pultrusion die. Alternatively, the matrix 280 may include a blend of epoxy, an elastomer, and one or more thermoplastics, e.g. polypropylene or polyethylene. In such blends, after pultrusion, the thermoplastic may form a continuous phase, with the epoxy and elastomer being distributed in the thermoplastic.

[0471] The third tool holder

[0472] The tool in accordance with the second aspect of the invention (e.g. the first tool 100 or second tool 200) can be used in combination with a tool holder, e.g. the first tool holder 300 or the second tool holder 400, to form an apparatus in accordance with the first aspect of the invention.

[0473] Alternatively, a tool in accordance with the second aspect of the invention may be used in combination with a simple tool holder that does not include a support surface, as illustrated by the third tool holder 500 of Figs. 33 - 35B.

[0474] Like the first and second tool holders 300, 400, the third tool holder 500 includes an elongate, tubular receptacle 510 having an open end 513. Either the first or second tool 100, 200 can be used with the third tool holder 500. The blade 120, 220 is axially slidable into the receptacle, via the open end 513, to store the blade in the receptacle in a stored position of the tool. In the stored position of the tool, the handgrip portion 111, 211 of the handle 110, 210 extends from the open end 513 of the receptacle 500.

[0475] The upper end of the receptacle 510 may be formed by a ring 540 similar in form and function to the ring 340, 440 of the first or second tool holder as earlier described. The lower end may be closed or open.

[0476] The tubular receptacle 510 may be cylindrical and may be made from a tube as earlier described with reference to the first aspect of the invention, for example, of metal (e.g. aluminium or aluminium alloy, or stainless steel) or plastics material (e.g. ABS or polypropylene or HIPS or PVC).

[0477] The tube may include brackets for mounting on a wall, or may be mounted on a wall 8 using for example brackets or pipe clips, e.g. stand-off pipe clips 501, as used for fixing water pipes.

[0478] In this way the tool 100, 200 can be arranged for use in a private or shared lavatory where it is not desired to provide a spare toilet roll holder. Since the brackets can be mounted close to both ends of the receptacle 510, the third tool holder 500 is particularly resistant to vandalism.

[0479] For janitorial use, the tube may be mounted on a janitorial trolley (e.g. with cable ties) or just carried in the hand.

[0480] Figs. 38 and 39 illustrate further adaptations of the handle suitable for applications where the tool does not form part of a spare toilet roll holder, and particularly for use in public toilets to resist theft and vandalism. In Fig. 38, the handle 110 is provided with a flexible tether 110', e.g. a steel cable, that attaches the tool to the tool holder or other fixed point.

[0481] In Fig. 39, the handle 110 has a local enlargement 110" which may be marked with indicia (ABC). The enlargement makes the tool somewhat unwieldy and easily recognisable, and so deters theft.

[0482] Moulding

[0483] The core material of the core body may be injected via a gate or gates (optionally from a hot runner) to flow along the length axis of the blade, so that, where the core material includes a fibrous filler, the filler is aligned with the length axis.

[0484] In order to assist in injecting the support material without damaging the fins of the core body, each of the support bodies may be moulded to include a thin rib 152, shown in Fig. 16B, that extends outwardly in the thickness dimension from the finished surface profile of the support body, and lengthwise along the mid-portion of the blade, e.g. mid-way between the narrow surfaces. In this case, the support material is injected (e.g. via multiple valve gates from a hot runner) into the mould cavity defining the rib 152 on each side of the blade, and flows via the rib 152 into the recess between each pair of fins. The ribs 152 are removed after demoulding the blade to complete the finished, smooth surface profile as illustrated in Fig. 16iv, e.g. by machining such as cutting and / or sanding, optionally cryogenically. Each rib 152 can be cut away at its base to separate the rib from the rest of the support body, e.g. with a laser or a waterjet cutter or a knife.

[0485] After removal, each side of the mid-portion of the blade will include a machined region with a cut surface extending in the length and breadth dimensions and bounding the maximum thickness Tmax in the machined region where the rib 152 was removed.

[0486] Further aspects

[0487] Apparatus and method for manufacturing a moulded product by injection moulding from two different materials

[0488] In further aspects, there are disclosed an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a moulded product by injection moulding from two different materials, as illustrated by the example of Fig. 36.

[0489] The two different materials may be two different polymers, for example, a hard plastics material and an elastomer.

[0490] In the illustration, the apparatus and method are used to make the first blade 120 of the first tool from the core material 131 and the support material 151. However, the apparatus and method may be used also to make other products that are injection moulded from any two respective first and second materials 131, 151, in which case the respective surfaces are adapted as appropriate to the product to be made.

[0491] The apparatus includes a pair of first, inner mould parts 611, 612, a pair of second, outer mould parts 621, 622, and a pair of third, outer mould parts 631, 632.

[0492] Each of the first, inner mould parts 611, 612 includes an aperture 613, a first mould surface 614 bounding the aperture 613, and a pair of oppositely facing, primary and secondary first sealing surfaces 615, 616 surrounding the aperture 613. The first mould surface 614 extends between the first sealing surfaces 615, 616, and the aperture 613 opens through both of the first sealing surfaces 615, 616.

[0493] Each of the second, outer mould parts 621, 622 includes a second mould surface 624 and a second sealing surface 626 surrounding the second mould surface 624.

[0494] Each of the third, outer mould parts 631, 632 includes a third mould surface 634 and a third sealing surface 636 surrounding the third mould surface 634.

[0495] The first, inner mould parts 611, 612 are engageable together in a mated configuration in which the primary first sealing surfaces 615 are clamped sealingly together in confronting relation, and the first mould surfaces 614 together define an outer surface portion of the moulded product 120, and the apertures 613 of the first, inner mould parts 611, 612 communicate to form a continuous aperture that opens through the secondary first sealing surfaces 616.

[0496] In the mated configuration, the first, inner mould parts 611, 612 are receivable between the second outer mould parts 621, 622 in a primary moulding configuration in which each of the second sealing surfaces 626 is clamped sealingly against a respective one of the secondary first sealing surfaces 616, so that the first and second mould surfaces 614, 624 together define a primary mould cavity for receiving a first material 131 to form a first moulded portion of the moulded product.

[0497] In the illustrated embodiment, the first moulded portion is the core body 130 and tang 190 of the first blade 120.

[0498] In the mated configuration, the first, inner mould parts 611, 612 are also receivable between the third outer mould parts 631, 632 in a secondary moulding configuration in which each of the third sealing surfaces 636 is clamped sealingly against a respective one of the secondary first sealing surfaces 616, so that the first and third mould surfaces 614, 634 together define a secondary mould cavity for receiving a second material 151 to form at least one second moulded portion of the moulded product, e.g. the support bodies 150 of the first blade 120.

[0499] Optionally, as illustrated, the first mould surfaces 614 of the first inner mould parts 611, 612 may be configured to clamp the first moulded portion 130 defining the outer surface portion of the moulded product between said first mould surfaces 614, so that the first moulded portion 130 is transferrable together with the first inner mould parts 611, 612, in the mated configuration, from the primary moulding configuration to the secondary moulding configuration.

[0500] Referring again to Fig. 36, the method includes the following steps.

[0501] Step SI: Providing first, second and third mould parts 611, 612, 621, 622, 631, 632 as above described. And then:

[0502] Step S2: Engaging together the first, inner mould parts 611, 612 in a mated configuration, and clamping the first, inner mould parts 611, 612 in the mated configuration between the second, outer mould parts 621, 622 in the primary moulding configuration. And then:

[0503] Step S3: Injecting a first material 131 into the primary mould cavity to form the first moulded portion 150 of the moulded product. And then:

[0504] Step S3 - S4: Separating the second, outer mould parts 621, 622 from the first, inner mould parts 611, 612. And then:

[0505] Step S4 - S5: Clamping the first, inner mould parts 611, 612 in the mated configuration between the third, outer mould parts 631, 632 in the secondary moulding configuration. And then:

[0506] Step S5: Injecting a second material 151 into the secondary mould cavity to form the at least one second moulded portion 150 of the moulded product 120. And then:

[0507] Steps S6, S7: Separating the third, outer mould parts 631, 632 from the first, inner mould parts 611, 612; and separating the first, inner mould parts 611, 612 and removing the moulded product 120.

[0508] Steps S6 and S7 may be performed sequentially in the order shown (S6 and then S7), or in the reverse order (S7 and then S6), or simultaneously.

[0509] Optionally, after injecting the first material to form the first moulded portion (step S3), the first, inner mould parts 611, 612 may be clamped in the mated configuration to retain the first moulded portion 130 of the moulded product between the respective first mould surfaces 614 while transferring the first, inner mould parts 611, 612 from the primary moulding configuration to the secondary moulding configuration (steps S3 - S4.)

[0510] Optionally, a transfer mechanism (not shown) may be arranged to transfer the respective mould parts between the first and second moulding configurations (steps S3 - S4.) Any of the respective mould parts may be arranged to move to accomplish the transfer, as convenient.

[0511] As illustrated, respective ones of the sealing surfaces need not be perpendicular to the direction of motion when separating the mould parts; as illustrated, they may be angled with respect to the direction of motion, e.g. at 45° as shown. Thus, the aperture 613 may be bounded by a set of four, 45° surfaces (of which three can be seen in the illustration) forming a faceted recess defined by the secondary first sealing surfaces 616. As illustrated, the primary first sealing surfaces 615 may be perpendicular to the direction of motion when separating the mould parts, and may lie in a flat plane (e.g. the central plane of mirror symmetry Pl) containing the parting line, which in the illustrated example lies at the blunt cutting edges 124 of the blade 120.

[0512] The method makes it easy to transfer the first moulded portion 130 to the second moulding configuration, and then, due to the intercommunicating apertures 613, also makes it easy to remove the moulded product 120 from the mould.

[0513] The sealing surfaces may include gates and / or vents as appropriate to the product.

[0514] In the illustrated example, the outer surface portion of the product includes the blunt cutting edges 124 and first surfaces 135 of the edge portions 134, and the tang 190.

[0515] The mould parts are illustrated in cross-section at a plane perpendicular to the length axis X of the first blade 120, through the aperture 613 and through two of the fins 142, with incidental technical details omitted for clarity. Note that multiple distinct portions of the same sealing surface may be indicated in the drawing by multiple respective reference numerals, e.g. reference numerals 616, for ease of understanding.

[0516] The novel apparatus and method may be particularly convenient for a product that is mirror-symmetric about a central plane of symmetry Pl or about two mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry Pl, P2.

[0517] Accordingly, as illustrated in Fig. 36, the blade 120 of the first tool 100 can be made by transfer moulding using a first two-part mould assembly comprising the first parts 611, 612, that forms the exposed outer surface portion 134, 190 of the core body 130. It may move between the two parts 621, 622 of a second two-part assembly that forms the remaining surfaces of the core body 130 that will be covered by the support material 151. The core body 130 is then moulded. The first assembly 611, 612 containing the core body 130 is then removed from the second assembly 621, 622 and positioned between the two parts 631, 632 of the third two-part assembly which forms the surfaces of the support bodies 150.

[0518] Method for manufacturing a mould

[0519] In a yet further aspect, there is disclosed a method for manufacturing a mould; the mould defining a cavity for receiving a product material to produce a product by injection moulding; the mould including at least first and second production mould parts; the first production mould part including a first abutment surface and a first surface of the cavity, the first surface of the cavity being a negative correlate of a first product surface of the product; the second production mould part including a second abutment surface and a second surface of the cavity, the second surface of the cavity being a negative correlate of a second product surface of the product; the first and second abutment surfaces being sealingly engageable together in confronting relation at a parting line of the product to retain the product material in the cavity; the method including: generating a data file, the data file defining a three-dimensional representation of at least one of: a first body defining a positive correlate of the first product surface and a negative correlate of the first abutment surface, and a second body defining a positive correlate of the second product surface and a negative correlate of the second abutment surface; generating instructions, based on the data file, to control an additive manufacturing machine to produce at least one of the first and second bodies by additive manufacturing; casting a first material to form at least one block defining a negative impression of said at least one of the first and second bodies; covering the at least one block in a second material to form at least one intermediate mould defining a positive impression of said at least one of the first and second bodies; replacing the first material with a production mould material to form at least one of the first and second production mould parts in the at least one intermediate mould; and then removing the second material from the at least one of the first and second production mould parts.

[0520] Optionally, the additive manufacturing machine is a 3D printer, and the at least one of the first and second bodies is produced by 3D printing.

[0521] Optionally, the at least one of the first and second bodies further defines a wall extending from said negative correlate of the respective, first or second abutment surface, wherein a surface of the wall defines a side or sides of the at least one block. Optionally, the method further includes machining the at least one of the first and second production mould parts to finish the abutment surface or to form at least one of a vent and a gate.

[0522] Optionally, the first material includes a wax, and the production mould material is steel or aluminium or aluminium alloy.

[0523] Optionally, the product is mirror-symmetric about each of two mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry; and the method includes: generating the data file defining a three-dimensional representation of the first body; generating the instructions, based on the data file, to control the additive manufacturing machine to produce the first body by additive manufacturing; casting the first material to define two said blocks, each block defining a negative impression of the first body; covering each of the two blocks in the second material to form first and second said intermediate moulds, each intermediate mould defining a positive impression of the first body; replacing the first material with the production mould material to form the first production mould part in the first intermediate mould, and the second production mould part in the second intermediate mould; and then removing the second material from the first and second production mould parts.

[0524] By a positive correlate is meant a duplicate; thus, each of two instances of a product would be a positive correlate of the other.

[0525] By a negative correlate is meant an inverse replica or impression; thus, if a first surface is a negative correlate of a second surface, then the first surface would produce, on a material cast against the first surface, a positive correlate or duplicate of the second surface.

[0526] By an impression is meant a surface that is formed by another surface; thus, a positive impression is a positive correlate of another surface, and a negative impression is a negative correlate of another surface. The data file may be generated as a 3D CAD model and then adapted to control the

[0527] 3D printer as well known in the art.

[0528] The 3D printer may produce the respective first or second body by 3D printing in a plastics material as commonly used in the art. Thus, the first or second body may be produced at significantly lower cost than would be the case if it were produced by traditional, subtractive manufacturing or by 3D printing or other additive manufacturing from a metal.

[0529] The production mould parts may be produced by lost wax casting. The second material may be for example a siliceous slurry or a sand with a binder as well known in the art. The intermediate mould may be hardened or fired by heating in an oven or a kiln, and the wax may be removed in a molten state.

[0530] The parting line of the product is the line (whether visible or not on the product surface) at which the respective parts of the mould meet each other at the surface of the product. The parting line may lie in a flat plane, such as the plane Pl passing through the blunt cutting edges 124 of the first blade 120.

[0531] Machining may include, for example, cutting or grinding or smoothing or shaping by spark erosion or any other technique.

[0532] The product material may be a plastics material.

[0533] The mould manufactured according to the method may be used to produce any product.

[0534] It may also be used to produce any or all of the inner and outer mould parts in accordance with the earlier described apparatus and method for manufacturing a moulded product by injection moulding from two different materials.

[0535] For example, it may be used to produce the first blade 120. Two or more such moulds may be used to produce, respectively, the core body 130, and the finished blade including the core body 130 and support bodies 150.

[0536] By way of example, the first body defining a positive correlate of the first product surface and a negative correlate of the first abutment surface might be formed by first 3D printing a flat plate a few millimetres thick on the bed of a 3D printer, wherein one half of the core body 130 is then printed on top of the flat plate. The upper surface of the plate defines the negative correlate of the first abutment surface and lies in the mid-plane Pl of the blade, surrounding the half of the core body 130, with its blunt cutting edges 124 defining the parting line of the product where it meets the upper surface of the plate. A rectangular box is formed at the same time by printing walls, a few millimetres thick and approximately vertical or with a small drafting angle, along the long and short edges of the plate, surrounding the upper half of the core body 130 to leave a space between the half core body 130 and the walls. At the same time, four cylindrical or slightly conical posts may be formed near the corners of the box.

[0537] The box is then filled with liquid wax which forms a negative impression of the internal surface of the box, including the half of the core body. The wax then cools and solidifies to form a solid block, in which the posts define cylindrical or slightly conical apertures. Then, the block is removed from the box, and then coated in the second material, for example, by pouring or brushing the second material over the block, or by arranging the block in a container and packing sand around it.

[0538] The second material can then be hardened or fired to melt out the wax to leave the intermediate mould, before pouring molten metal into the intermediate mould. The second material is then removed once the metal has hardened as known in the art. The abutment surfaces of the metal casting at the parting line are defined by the internal, bottom surface of the intermediate mould surrounding the half core body 130, between the half core body 130 and the inwardly facing sides of the intermediate mould.

[0539] In this way a relatively complexly shaped production mould may be produced relatively simply. The mould parts can be cleaned and finished by machining.

[0540] Since the core body 130 is mirror-symmetric about two mutually perpendicular planes Pl, P2, by casting two wax blocks, one after the other in the same 3D printed box representing the half core body 130, and then reproducing each one as a block of metal, the two metal blocks can simply be clamped together at their confronting abutment surfaces to form the two halves of the production mould. Pins can be inserted into the apertures formed by the posts to align the two blocks on the injection moulding machine.

[0541] In summary, in embodiments, a tool (100, 200) includes a narrow, elongate, flexible blade (120, 220) extending in collinear relation from a handle (110, 210) and having oppositely directed narrow surfaces, at least one of the narrow surfaces defining a blunt cutting edge (124, 224). Preferably each of the narrow surfaces is a respective blunt cutting edge, so that the breadth B of the blade is defined between a pair of oppositely facing blunt cutting edges (124, 224). The blade is relatively stiff in its breadth dimension so that the blunt cutting edge or edges can be used to cut soft waste in a toilet pan (3), and relatively flexible in its thickness dimension so that the blade can be urged flexibly through the trap (2) of the toilet to clear a blockage in the trap. In a first aspect, the blade (120, 220) is stored in a narrow, tubular receptacle (310, 410) forming a holder (300, 400) for spare toilet rolls (5), wherein the handle (110, 210) forms a guide for the toilet rolls (5) stacked onto a support surface (321, 421) of the holder. In a second aspect, the blade (120, 220) includes an internal structure defining its flexibility characteristic.

[0542] Many further adaptations are possible within the scope of the claims. In the claims, reference numerals and characters are provided in parentheses, purely for ease of reference, and should not be construed as limiting features.

[0543] List of reference numerals and characters

[0544] 1 Toilet / 2 Trap of toilet / 3 Pan of toilet / 5 Toilet roll / 6 Cylindrical core aperture of toilet roll / 7 Horizontal floor surface / 8 Wall / 9 Imaginary cylindrical boundary

[0545] 100 First tool (First, moulded blade)

[0546] 110 Handle / 110' Tether / 110" Local enlargement / 111 Handgrip portion of handle / 111' External surface of handgrip portion / 111" Flat surface on handgrip portion / 112 Axial end of handgrip portion / 113 Plug portion of handle / 114 Stop surface of handle / 115 Recess for tang / 116 Main body of handle / 117 Reduced diameter portion / 118 Ferrule / 119 Counterabutment surface / 120 First Blade / 121 Proximal end region of blade / 122 Tip of blade / 123 Mid-portion of blade / 124 Blunt cutting edge (narrow surface) of blade / 125 Side of blade / 126 Outer surface of blade / 126' Outer surface of blade (support body) / 126" Axial end surface at blade tip / 127 Blunt cutting edge at blade tip / 128 Tip portion of blade / 130 Core body / 131 Core material / 132 Central portion of core body / 134 Edge portion of core body / 135 First surface of edge portion / 136 Second surface of edge portion / 137 Vertex / 140 Set of fins / 141 Set of fins / 142 Fin / 142' Last fin / 143 Recess / 143' Last recess / 144 Flexure region / 150 Support body / 150' Portion of support body (recess) / 150" Portion of support body (flexure region) / 151 Support material / 152 Rib / 190 Tang / 191 Abutment surface

[0547] 200 Second tool (Second, pultruded blade)

[0548] 201 Cutters, abrasive wheels / 210 Handle / 211 Handgrip portion of handle / 211' External surface of handgrip portion / 212 Axial end of handgrip portion / 213 Plug portion of handle / 214 Stop surface of handle / 218 Ferrule / 220 Second Blade / 220' Pultrusion / 221 Proximal end region of blade / 222 Tip of blade / 223 Mid-portion of blade / 224 Blunt cutting edge (narrow surface) of blade / 225 Side of blade / 228 Tip portion of blade / 260 Machined region / 261 Cut surface / 270 Reinforcement / 271 Inner fibres (longitudinal) / 273 Inner fibres (oblique) / 274 Outer fibres / 280 Matrix / 290 Tang / 292 Grooves

[0549] 300 First tool holder (floor standing, with support surface)

[0550] 310 Tubular receptacle / 311 Lower portion of tubular receptacle / 312 Upper portion of tubular receptacle / 313 Open upper end of tubular receptacle / 314 Tubular wall of receptacle / 314' External surface of tubular wall / 314" Upper axial end of tubular wall / 314'" Tapered region of tubular wall / 320 Support / 321 Support surface / 322 Upper wall of ceramic body / 323 Ceramic body / 324 Socket of ceramic body / 325 Outer wall of ceramic body / 326 Downwardly facing surface of support / 327 Drainage hole / 328 Annular recess / 340 Ring / 341 Axial end surface of receptacle / 342 Internal wear surface of receptacle / 343 External contrast surface of receptacle / 350 Interior space of receptacle

[0551] 400 Second tool holder (wall mounted, with support surface)

[0552] 410 Tubular receptacle / 411 Lower portion of tubular receptacle / 412 Upper portion of tubular receptacle / 413 Open upper end of tubular receptacle / 414 Tubular wall of receptacle / 414' External surface of tubular wall / 420 Support / 421 Support surface / 429 Mounting plate / 440 Ring / 441 Axial end surface of receptacle / 443 External contrast surface of receptacle / 450 Interior space of receptacle

[0553] 500 Third tool holder

[0554] 501 Pipe clips / 510 Tubular receptacle / 513 Open end of tubular receptacle / 514 Tubular wall of receptacle / 540 Ring / 541 Axial end surface of receptacle / 550 Interior space of receptacle

[0555] First apparatus and method for injection moulding

[0556] 611 First, inner mould part / 612 First, inner mould part / 613 Aperture / 614 First mould surface / 615 Primary first sealing surface / 616 Secondary first sealing surface / 621 Second, outer mould part / 622 Second, outer mould part / 624 Second mould surface / 626 Second sealing surface / 631 Third, outer mould part / 632 Third, outer mould part / 634 Third mould surface / 636 Third sealing surface

[0557] Cover

[0558] 700 Cover / 701 Upper wall / 702 Upwardly open aperture / 703 Tubular sidewall / 704 Slide fastener

[0559] B Breadth of blade between blunt cutting edges / D Diameter of imaginary cylindrical boundary / De Internal diameter of cylindrical core aperture of toilet roll / Dh Diameter of surface of handgrip portion / Dr Outer diameter of upper portion of receptacle / F Compressive force / L Length of blade / Lf Length of flexure region (first tool) / Lif Inter-fin distance (first tool) / Lif' Inter-fin distance to last fin (first tool) / Pl First plane of symmetry / P2 Second plane of symmetry / Tc Thickness of central portion of core body (first tool) / Ts Thickness of support body (first tool) / Tmax - Maximum thickness of blade (first tool); Local maximum thickness of blade (second tool) / Tmax 1, Tmax 2, Tmax 3 - Local maximum thickness of blade (second tool) / X Length axis of tool

Claims

CLAIMS1. An apparatus for use in unblocking a trap (2) of a toilet (1), including: a tool (100, 200), and a tool holder (300, 400); the tool including an elongate handle (110, 210) and an elongate blade (120, 220); the handle and the blade being connected together in fixed, collinear relation to extend in a length dimension along a length axis (X) of the tool; the blade extending for a length L along the length axis (X) from the handle to a tip (122, 222) of the blade; a mid-portion (123, 223) of the blade between the handle and the tip having: a pair of oppositely facing narrow surfaces (124, 224), at least one of said narrow surfaces being a blunt cutting edge (124, 224); a breadth B between the narrow surfaces in a breadth dimension perpendicular to the length dimension; and a maximum thickness Tmax in a thickness dimension perpendicular to the length and breadth dimensions, whereinL > B > Tmax; the mid-portion of the blade having a greater resistance to bending in the breath dimension than in the thickness dimension; the mid-portion of the blade being elastically bendable in the thickness dimension to allow the tip to move slidingly through a trap of a toilet when urged through the trap by a compressive force (F) acting along the length axis (X) at the handle; the tool holder (300, 400) including, when considered in an upright use position: an elongate, tubular receptacle (310, 410) having a lower portion (311, 411), an upper portion (312, 412), and an open, upper end (313, 413), the upper portion extending from the lower portion to the upper end; a support surface (321, 421) arranged outside the receptacle at the lower portion and facing towards the upper end; and a support (320, 420) connected to the lower portion to support the receptacle in the use position; the blade of the tool being slidable axially into the receptacle, via the upper end, to store the blade in the receptacle in a stored position of the tool; wherein, in the stored position of the tool, both the tool and the upper portion of the receptacle are contained within an imaginary cylindrical boundary (9) of diameter D, wherein B < D < 45mm;wherein, in the stored position of the tool, a handgrip portion (111, 211) of the handle extends coaxially with the receptacle from the upper end of the receptacle to form a guide over which a toilet roll (5) having a cylindrical core aperture (6) of internal diameter De > D can slide onto the upper portion of the receptacle; whereby, in the stored position of the tool, both the handle and the upper portion of the receptacle are configured to pass through said core aperture of each of a plurality of toilet rolls to guide the toilet rolls to form a stack resting on the support surface.

2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of said narrow surfaces (124, 224) is a respective blunt cutting edge (124, 224), whereby the breadth B is defined between a pair of oppositely facing blunt cutting edges (124, 224).

3. An apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the length L of the blade is from 50 cm to 70 cm.

4. An apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the resistance of the mid-portion to bending in the thickness dimension reduces towards the tip.

5. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein, when at rest, the mid-portion has a cross-sectional profile that does not vary when considered lengthwise along the blade.

6. An apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the handle (110, 210) includes a plug portion (113, 213) and a stop surface (114, 214); the plug portion being arranged between the handgrip portion and the blade; the plug portion being receivable fittingly in the upper end of the receptacle to support the handgrip portion in axial alignment with the receptacle in the stored position of the tool; the stop surface extending radially outwardly with respect to the length axis (X) of the tool between the plug portion and the handgrip portion; the stop surface being arranged, in the stored position of the tool, to abut an axial end surface (341, 441) of the receptacle at the upper end of the receptacle to prevent the handgrip portion from entering the receptacle.

7. An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein: the upper portion of the receptacle is cylindrical with an outer diameter Dr; andthe handgrip portion of the handle proximate the stop surface defines a surface of rotation having a diameter Dh, wherein Dh = Dr + / - 5mm; and an axial end (112, 212) of the handgrip portion, furthest from the blade, defines a surface that is at least partially domed.

8. An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the receptacle includes a tubular wall (314, 414) and a ring (340, 440); the ring covering an upper axial end (314") of the tubular wall (314, 414) and defining: the axial end surface (341, 441) of the receptacle, an internal wear surface (342) of the receptacle, and an external contrast surface (343, 443) of the receptacle; the internal wear surface (342) defining a socket to receive the plug portion of the handle in the stored position of the tool; the external contrast surface being visible between adjacent external surfaces (314', 414', 111', 211') of the tubular wall and the handgrip portion in the stored position of the tool, and contrasting visually with said adjacent external surfaces.

9. An apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein: the receptacle (310) includes a tubular wall (314) wound from fibrous sheet material; and the support (320) includes a ceramic body (323) having: an upper wall (322) defining the support surface (321), a socket (324) opening upwardly and centrally through the support surface (321), and an outer wall (325) bounding the upper wall (322) and and extending downwardly from the upper wall to rest on a horizontal floor surface (7) in use; and the tubular wall (314) at the lower portion of the receptacle is fixed in the socket.

10. An apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the socket is tapered to fittingly receive a tapered region (314'") of the tubular wall (314) at the lower portion (311) of the receptacle.

11. An apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, when considered in the upright use position, the support includes: a downwardly facing surface (326), and a drainage hole (327) in fluid communication with an interior space (350) of the receptacle and opening through the downwardly facing surface (326);wherein the outer wall surrounds the downwardly facing surface and is configured to rest on a horizontal floor surface (7) to support the downwardly facing surface in spaced relation to the horizontal floor surface.

12. An apparatus according to any preceding claim, further including a cover (700); the cover (700) being configured to partially or entirely enclose a stack of toilet rolls (5) resting on the support surface (321, 421); the cover (700) including at least an upper wall (701) having an upwardly open aperture (702) through which the tool (100, 200) extends in the stored position of the tool, wherein the tool (100, 200) may be withdrawn from, and returned to, its stored position in the receptacle (310, 410) via the upwardly open aperture (702) of the cover (700), without removing the stack of toilet rolls (5) resting on the support surface (321, 421).

13. A tool (100, 200) for use in unblocking a trap (2) of a toilet (1), including: an elongate handle (110, 210) and an elongate blade (120, 220); the handle and the blade being connected together in fixed, collinear relation to extend in a length dimension along a length axis (X) of the tool; the blade extending for a length L along the length axis (X) from the handle to a tip (122, 222) of the blade; a mid-portion (123, 223) of the blade between the handle and the tip having: a pair of oppositely facing narrow surfaces (124, 224), at least one of said narrow surfaces being a blunt cutting edge (124, 224); a pair of oppositely facing sides (125, 225) extending between the narrow surfaces; a breadth B between the narrow surfaces in a breadth dimension perpendicular to the length dimension; and, when considered in cross-section, a local maximum thickness Tmax between the sides in a thickness dimension perpendicular to the length and breadth dimensions, whereinL > B > Tmax; the mid-portion of the blade having a greater resistance to bending in the breath dimension than in the thickness dimension; the mid-portion of the blade being elastically bendable in the thickness dimension to allow the tip to move slidingly through a trap (2) of a toilet (1) when urged through the trap (2) by a compressive force (F) acting along the length axis (X) at the handle; the blade being configured in accordance with either structure A or structure B, wherein:IN ACCORDANCE WITH STRUCTURE A, the blade (120) includes: a core body (130) made from a core material (131), and at least two support bodies (150) made from a support material (151); the core body including: a central portion (132) extending continuously lengthwise along the mid-portion of the blade, and a pair of edge portions (134), each of the edge portions defining a respective one of the narrow surfaces (124); the central portion of the core body being arranged between the support bodies (150) in the thickness dimension, and between the edge portions (134) in the breadth dimension; the support material (151) including an elastomer; the core material (131) having a higher elastic modulus than the support material (151); andIN ACCORDANCE WITH STRUCTURE B:B > 5-Tmax, and the blade (220) includes or consists of a pultrusion (220') having a reinforcement (270) embedded in a matrix (280); the matrix including a first polymer blended with an elastomer, the first polymer having a higher elastic modulus than the elastomer; the reinforcement (270) including inner and outer fibres (271, 273, 274); the inner fibres (271, 273) extending along the length (L) of the blade from the handle to the tip; the mid-portion (223) of the blade including a machined region (260), wherein at least one of the sides (225) in the machined region includes a cut surface (261), the cut surface extending in the length and breadth dimensions and bounding the local maximum thickness Tmax in the machined region; the outer fibres (274) terminating at the cut surface; the local maximum thickness Tmax being smaller (Tmax 2) in the machined region than (Tmax 1) in a proximal end region (221) of the blade proximate the handle; the machined region tapering in thickness (Tmax 2, Tmax 3) towards the tip so that the resistance of the mid-portion to bending in the thickness dimension reduces progressively towards the tip.

14. A tool according to claim 13, wherein each of said narrow surfaces (124, 224) is a respective blunt cutting edge (124, 224), whereby the breadth B is defined between a pair of oppositely facing blunt cutting edges (124, 224).

15. A tool according to claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the blade (120) is configured in accordance with structure A; and, when considered in cross-section, the central portion (132) of the core body (130) has a thickness Tc in the thickness dimension; wherein B > 5Tc.

16. A tool according to claim 15, wherein, when considered in said cross-section, each of the support bodies (150) has a thickness Ts mid-way between the narrow surfaces (124), wherein Ts > Tc.

17. A tool according to claim 14, wherein the blade (120) is configured in accordance with structure A; and the blade (120) has a lenticular cross-section perpendicular to the length axis (X).

18. A tool according to claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the blade is configured in accordance with structure A; and the core body defines an axial end surface (126") of the blade at the tip, the axial end surface defining a blunt cutting edge (127).

19. A tool according to claim 14, wherein the blade is configured in accordance with structure A; and each of the edge portions (134) includes: a pair of first surfaces (135) converging towards the respective blunt cutting edge, and a pair of second surfaces (136) converging towards the central portion; wherein, when considered in cross-section in the breadth and thickness dimensions: each of the first surfaces (135) defines a respective vertex (137) at a point of intersection with a respective one of the second surfaces (136); and each of the second surfaces (136) is covered by a respective one of the support bodies; and each of the support bodies terminates at a respective one of the vertices (137), whereby the support bodies and the first surfaces together define an outer surface (126) of the blade.

20. A tool according to claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the blade is configured in accordance with structure A; andthe core body includes two sets (140, 141) of fins (142); the central portion being arranged between the two sets of fins in the thickness dimension; each set of fins including a plurality of fins extending in the thickness dimension from the central portion, and spaced apart in the length dimension to define a plurality of recesses (143), each recess (143) extending in the length dimension for an inter-fin distance (Lif) between two respective adjacent ones of the fins; each recess being filled by a respective one of the support bodies, or by a respective portion (150') of a respective one of the support bodies (150).

21. A tool according to claim 20, further including at least one of features A, B, and C, wherein: in accordance with feature A, the inter-fin distance (Lif) increases in a direction away from the handle and towards the tip; and in accordance with feature B, a pair of flexure regions (144) are defined respectively at opposite sides of the blade, each flexure region extending for a length (Lf) in the length dimension, from a respective one (142') of the fins (142) towards the tip; the fins (142) being absent in each flexure region; the length (Lf) of each flexure region being greater than the inter-fin distance (Lif') of a respective one (143') of the recesses (143) terminating at said respective one (142') of the fins; each flexure region (144) being filled by a respective one of the support bodies, or by a respective portion (150") of a respective one of the support bodies (150); and in accordance with feature C, at least one parameter of the fins (142) is configured to vary progressively in the length dimension, for different respective ones of the fins of each of the two sets, so that the resistance of the mid-portion to bending in the thickness dimension reduces progressively towards the tip; the at least one parameter being at least one of(a) the inter-fin distance (Lif), and(b) a respective dimension of each respective fin (142).

22. A tool according to claim 20 or claim 21, wherein, on each side of the blade, each of the recesses is filled with a respective portion (150') of a single respective support body (150);said single respective support body (150) defining an outer surface (126') of the respective side of the blade, said outer surface (126') extending continuously lengthwise along the mid-portion of the blade.

23. A tool according to claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the blade is configured in accordance with structure A; and the core material includes a thermoplastic, and the support material includes a thermoplastic elastomer.

24. A tool according to claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the blade is configured in accordance with structure B; and each of the sides in the machined region includes a respective said cut surface, the maximum thickness Tmax in the machined region being defined between the respective cut surfaces of the pair of sides.

25. A tool according to claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the blade is configured in accordance with structure B; and the blade has a greater thickness proximate the tip than in the machined region.

26. A tool according to claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the blade is configured in accordance with structure B; and some of the inner fibres (271) are oriented parallel with the length axis (X), and some of the inner fibres (273) are oriented in a symmetric pattern oblique to the length axis (X).

27. An apparatus for use in unblocking a trap of a toilet, including: a tool (100, 200) according to claim 13 or claim 14, and a tool holder (300, 400, 500); the tool holder (300, 400, 500) including an elongate, tubular receptacle (310, 410, 510) having an open end (313, 413, 513); the blade of the tool being axially slidable into the receptacle, via the open end, to store the blade in the receptacle in a stored position of the tool; wherein, in the stored position of the tool, a handgrip portion (111, 211) of the handle (110, 210) extends from the open end of the receptacle.

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