Device for hand-laying bricks

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of building and can be used for public and industrial building projects with any type and size of bricks and any length of the courses of brickwork. The technical result of the invention is that of accelerating and simplifying the building process, as well as providing increased convenience both during transportation or storage and during building. The technical result is achieved by the use of a device for hand-laying bricks which is in the form of an insert structure comprising opposing sections connected by transverse rods, wherein the transverse rods are designed to be movable in the plane in which they are situated.

Description

[0001] MANUAL BRICKLAYING DEVICE

[0002] The utility model relates to the field of construction, namely to a universal device for laying and facing brick walls, and can be used for civil and industrial construction projects with any brick size and any length of brickwork rows.

[0003] One of the most complex construction processes is the production of brick or block masonry. The widely used bricklaying method consists of several stages:

[0004] 1) Laying the first row of bricks on the base (support platform or foundation).

[0005] A layer of mortar is applied to the base and manually leveled to the specified thickness. The first row of bricks is then laid on top of the mortar layer. To ensure the bricks are laid evenly, a string (rope) is stretched from one edge of the wall to the other, visually aligning the first row of bricks. To level the bricks, tap the trowel handle against the brick's surface until it reaches the level indicated by the string. Any excess mortar squeezed out from under the brickwork is collected with the trowel from both the outside and inside.

[0006] 2) Laying the second and subsequent rows of bricks on top of the first row of bricks.

[0007] A layer of mortar is applied to the first row of bricks and smoothed by hand to the specified thickness. The second (and subsequent) rows of bricks are then laid on top of this mortar layer. To ensure the bricks are laid evenly, a string (or rope) is stretched from one edge of the wall to the other, visually aligning the rows of bricks. To level the bricks, tap the surface of the brick with a trowel until it sinks to the level indicated by the string, forcing the flexible mortar underneath.

[0008] 3) Grouting the masonry joints.

[0009] The complexity of bricklaying stems from the fact that each row of bricks is laid on top of the previous row using liquid mortar, creating a mortar joint that must meet specified joint height parameters. This joint height is determined by the architectural pattern of the brickwork or by the specified wall height parameters, which take into account the brick height and the joint height.

[0010] Laying bricks with wet mortar requires special skills to ensure that the force applied to the brick does not push the mortar out of the joint, thereby distorting the joint's dimensions. Maintaining a uniform joint height becomes more difficult as the brickwork increases with each new course, since not only is the mortar of the last course in a liquid state, but the preceding lower joints are also in a liquid state. As a result, the bricklayer cannot lay the brickwork high enough, because the mortar in the lower joints will succumb to the pressure and protrude, causing the joints of the lower courses to change in height. A further complication is that the joints of the lower courses will change in height unevenly, with a possible slope, which can lead to the entire masonry mass collapsing from the design plane, either outward or inward.

[0011] The information provided shows that bricklaying is a very labor-intensive process that requires special skills and training of specialists.

[0012] To simplify bricklaying work, various devices are currently used.

[0013] For example, a construction and installation profile for laying a wall from bricks or blocks with longitudinal grooves is known (RU Patent No. 73892, published on June 10, 2008), which is a built-in structure and contains two parallel guides connected to each other by transverse strips, while the guides have shelves made with the possibility of their placement in the longitudinal grooves of a brick or block.

[0014] After laying the first row of bricks or blocks, a construction profile is placed on them. The downward-facing shelves of the guides are inserted into the grooves of the bricks, ensuring their complete alignment. The space between the shelves is then filled from above with mortar, which penetrates the bricks. The next row of building or facing bricks or blocks is then laid, with the upward-facing shelves inserted into the grooves of these bricks. The laying cycle is then repeated in a similar manner until the wall is fully erected. A unique feature of this design is its use as a built-in element, which cannot be moved or removed from the wall structure. This ensures uniform gap heights between adjacent horizontal rows of bricks, achieving high repeatability and enhancing aesthetics.Each top layer of brick laid rests on the end of the guide profile below, without squeezing out the mortar underneath and without causing uncontrolled displacement of the lower laid rows of masonry, which significantly speeds up and simplifies the process of building a wall.

[0015] However, this design is only suitable for use with bricks or blocks that have longitudinal grooves to accommodate the guide rails, which increases the labor intensity of construction, specifically for manufacturing this specific type of brick or block. Furthermore, the embedded profile can only be used for one size of brick or block.

[0016] Another disadvantage is that the device in question always maintains a fixed length and width—whether during storage or transportation to the installation site, or during installation itself. If the brickwork in a row is shorter than the device, it must be trimmed using an additional tool. This means the device cannot be adjusted to fit the length of a row of bricks, nor can it save space during storage and transportation.

[0017] All this indicates insufficient functionality of the product.

[0018] A known device for manual bricklaying (RU Patent No. 222924, published November 18, 2023) is considered the closest analogue to the claimed solution. It consists of a built-in structure comprising two parallel guides and crossbars, the ends of which are connected to the guides. The guides are adjustable relative to each other to adjust the distance between the guides according to the brick size. The crossbars can be flexible. These crossbars can be made of metal wires, flexible plastic crossbars, etc. The ability to adjust the guides relative to each other allows for adjusting the distance between the device's guides, thereby changing the width of the device to match the width of the brick being used, allowing the device to be used for various brick and block sizes.

[0019] In this case, when tapped, the brick settles downward until it rests against the ends of the device's guides. The crossbars help maintain the device's structure in its original shape, preventing the guides from spreading beyond the brickwork. This not only ensures increased speed of wall installation but also ensures reliable work without requiring highly qualified workers.

[0020] However, using this device only allows for adjustment of the width, without the ability to adjust its length. If a row of masonry is shorter than the length of the device, it must also be shortened using additional tools, which increases labor intensity and complicates the installation process.

[0021] The technical problem of this utility model is the creation of a device for manual brick laying, which further develops the technical idea embedded in the design of the closest analogue and allows for the creation of a universal embedded structure, convenient both for transportation and storage, and for installation, and used for the construction of a wall from bricks of any standard size, as well as for the formation of rows of brickwork of any length.

[0022] The technical result of the invention is the further acceleration and simplification of the construction process due to the design features of the solution.

[0023] The technical result is achieved by using a device for manual brick laying: which is a built-in structure containing oppositely located sections connected by transverse strips, wherein the transverse strips are designed with the possibility of movement in the plane of their location.

[0024] In a particular case, oppositely located sections and crossbars are placed in the same or different planes.

[0025] If the opposite sections and crossbars are placed in the same plane, then the height of the seam between adjacent rows of brickwork is determined only by the thickness of the wire, tape or similar base for the device being claimed.

[0026] If oppositely located sections and crossbars are placed in different planes, then the height of the seam between adjacent rows of brickwork is determined by the height of these sections.

[0027] In a particular case, oppositely located sections of the device contain roundings in their upper and lower zones.

[0028] In a particular case, the oppositely located sections have a complex shape and contain shelves located in different planes or made with the possibility of deviation in different planes, for additional adjustment of the height of the device and, as a result, adjustment of the height of the seam between adjacent rows of brickwork.

[0029] The device features opposing sections and crossbars between them, which are movable in the plane of their placement. This accordion-type structure allows for flexible compression and expansion. In its compact configuration, the device takes up little space and is extremely convenient for storage or transportation. When extended, the device is ready for construction work.

[0030] The amount of movement of the crossbars determines the degree of expansion of the device and the distance between its opposite sections, allowing for adjustment of its length and width depending on the length of the brick row and the brick size. The more the crossbars are offset from their initial compressed position, the further the opposite sections of the device are separated from each other, the smaller the distance between the opposite sections, and the more elongated the device is, designed for longer brick rows and narrower brick widths. Accordingly, with a smaller offset of the crossbars, the device appears more compact and is suitable for shorter brick rows and wider brick widths.It is also possible that, with a maximum brick width corresponding to the length of the crossbars, several devices of the claimed design will be successively laid in one row of brickwork in order to “cover” the entire length of this row of brickwork.

[0031] When constructing opposite sections of a complex-shaped structure, for example, with shelves located in different planes or designed with the ability to deviate into different planes, the height of the joint between adjacent rows of brickwork is additionally adjusted.

[0032] At the same time, the device, which is a built-in structure, allows for reliable support for the row of bricks located above during its laying without the risk of the mortar being squeezed out and the masonry from a large number of rows collapsing outward or inward.

[0033] Thus, by adjusting the degree of movement of the device's crossbars, it is possible to adjust the length and width of the device, thereby adjusting its dimensions to the required brick size and the length of a particular row of brickwork.

[0034] The claimed device is universal and allows, through just one simple operation of stretching the structure laterally, to change the size of the device to the required length and width corresponding to the parameters of the brickwork, which further speeds up and simplifies the construction process as a whole.

[0035] Fig. 1 shows a general view of the claimed device in a compressed position with a first embodiment of oppositely located sections with roundings.

[0036] Fig. 2 shows a general view of the claimed device in an extended position with a first embodiment of oppositely located sections with roundings. Fig. 3 shows a first embodiment of an oppositely located section with roundings.

[0037] Fig. 4 shows a general view of the claimed device with a second embodiment of oppositely located sections, when they have a complex shape and contain horizontal and vertical shelves with a deviation of the vertical shelf at an angle a relative to the vertical axis.

[0038] Fig. 5 shows the angle a of deviation of the vertical shelf of the device relative to the vertical axis.

[0039] Fig. 6 shows the arrangement of the device for forming brickwork.

[0040] The universal device for manual brick laying contains oppositely located sections 1 and 2, connected by transverse strips 3 (Fig. 1, 2).

[0041] In the first embodiment, the oppositely located sections 1 and 2 of the device in their upper and lower zones contain roundings 4 and 5, which represent bending points for the wire, tape or similar base for the device (Fig. 3).

[0042] This design reduces the labor intensity of device manufacturing, which further increases the pace of construction.

[0043] The device can be located in the initial compressed position (Fig. 1), and can also be stretched by moving the crossbars 3 in the plane of the location of these bars (Fig. 2).

[0044] The second embodiment of the oppositely located sections 1 and 2 of the device involves them comprising interconnected vertical 6 and horizontal 7 shelves (Fig. 4). The vertical 6 shelves define the height of the device, which can be adjusted by adjusting the angle a by a value from 0 to 45 degrees relative to the vertical axis (Fig. 5). This height adjustment allows for the height of the joint between adjacent rows of brickwork to be adjusted as needed, further expanding the device's functionality. The device can be constructed of metal, metal wire, or composite materials, including those based on fiberglass-reinforced epoxy resins.

[0045] Example 1.

[0046] The device contains section 1 and section 2 located opposite each other. Г U (F и g 1).

[0047] In this embodiment, oppositely located sections 1 and 2 of the device in their upper and lower zones contain roundings 4 and 5 (Fig. 3).

[0048] In this case, the rounding 4 in the upper zone of section 1 is connected to the first end of the crossbar 3, the second end of which is connected to the rounding 4 in the upper zone of section 2 of the device, which turns into the rounding 5 in the lower zone of section 2. Further, the rounding 5 of section 2 is connected to the first end of the crossbar 3, the second end of which is connected to the rounding 4 in the upper zone of the next section 1. Thus, the profile of the device is based on a triangle (Fig. 2).

[0049] To set the required length and width of the device, it is stretched to the sides, thereby moving the crossbars 3 and changing the distance between sections 1 and 2.

[0050] Next, the prepared and stretched device is placed on the row of bricks below, forming a seam of the required height between adjacent rows of bricks.

[0051] Example 2.

[0052] The device contains section 1 and section 2, located opposite each other and having a complex shape (Fig. 4).

[0053] In this embodiment, section 1 contains vertical shelves 6, which determine the height of the seam, the lower ends of which are connected to the horizontally located shelf 7. The upper ends of the shelves 6 are connected to the crossbars 3. Thus, the profile of the device is based on a trapezoid.

[0054] To set the required length and width of the device, it is stretched to the sides, thereby moving the crossbars 3 and changing the distance between sections 1 and 2. In this case, the vertical shelves 6 deviate from their original position by an angle a, which can reach a value from 0 to 45 degrees (Fig. 5).

[0055] Next, the prepared and stretched device is placed on the row of bricks below, forming a seam of the required height between adjacent rows of bricks.

[0056] In addition to those considered, other design options can be implemented, the main idea of ​​which is to stretch the device in the form of an accordion and place it on the brickwork.

[0057] The method of laying bricks using the claimed design consists of the following stages (Fig. 6):

[0058] 1) Laying the first row of bricks on the base (support platform, or foundation).

[0059] The device is placed lengthwise on the foundation, first stretched to set the desired length and width according to the parameters of the brick row and the brick size. Mortar is applied between the crossbars 3, which serve as support for the bricks laid on top. Then, using a trowel (spatula), the mortar is leveled by running the edge of the trowel along the ends of the crossbars 3 of the device, removing excess mortar. A brick is laid on top of the device filled with mortar. To ensure the uniformity of the masonry, a string (rope) is stretched from one edge of the wall to the other, along which the first row of bricks is visually aligned. To level the brick, the mason taps the trowel handle on the surface of the brick, lowering it until it touches the crossbars 3 of the device.

[0060] 2) Laying the second and subsequent rows of bricks on top of the first row of bricks.

[0061] The required units are laid out on the first row of bricks, spaced at the required distance. Mortar is applied between the 3 crossbars. The mortar is then leveled using a trowel (spatula), and excess mortar is removed. Bricks are laid on top of the laid units, filled with mortar. To ensure uniformity, a string (rope) is stretched from one edge of the wall to the other, visually aligning the rows of bricks. To level the bricks, tap the trowel handle on the surface of the brick, lowering the trowel until it touches the 3 crossbars.

[0062] The installed devices are not removed from the masonry.

[0063] Next, continue laying the required number of rows of bricks, without fear of the plasticity of the mortar, since the weight of the brick is transferred from row to row right down to the foundation not only through the plastic mortar, but through the transverse planks 3 of the device, which serve as supports for the brick.

[0064] In this case, the moisture absorption of the brick and the setting time of the mortar are less important than in conventional masonry methods. Also, the plasticity of the mortar is not one of the reasons for using hardening accelerators (catalysts).

[0065] 3) Grouting the masonry joints.

[0066] Grouting of masonry joints can be carried out simultaneously with laying bricks from row to row of masonry, since there is no subsidence of the brick rows and the mortar does not protrude outward under the pressure of the upper rows of masonry.

[0067] Thus, the proposed solution simplifies and increases the speed of building wall installation using any brick size, any course length, and any weather and climate conditions. Moreover, a single universal device design can be used to form joints of various required heights.

Claims

Utility model formula 1. A device for manual bricklaying, characterized in that it is a built-in structure containing oppositely located sections connected by transverse strips, wherein the transverse strips are designed with the possibility of movement in the plane of their location.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the oppositely located sections and the transverse strips are located in the same or different planes.

3. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the oppositely located sections contain shelves located in different planes or made with the possibility of deviation in different planes for additional adjustment of the height of the device.

Images