Bioelectrode system for electric field focusing

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of bioelectrodes, and particularly relates to a bioelectrode system for electric field focusing. The bioelectrode system comprises a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes, and the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes are arranged in an array to form a focused electric field. In the present invention, by means of arranging the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes in an array to form the focused electric field, a relatively high electric field can still be generated on the skin at a relatively low energy level, thereby enhancing the energy density of a target point on the surface of the skin.

Description

A bioelectrode system for focusing electric fields Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bioelectrodes, and specifically relates to a bioelectrode system for focusing an electric field. Background Technology

[0002] Bioelectrodes are frequently used in medical devices, wearable devices, beauty devices, and physiotherapy equipment, and are mainly divided into invasive and non-invasive bioelectrodes. Traditional non-invasive electrodes primarily aim to achieve better contact with the body, allowing energy / signals to be better conducted into the body. To ensure high energy density on the skin's surface, traditional non-invasive electrodes typically increase the voltage. However, increasing the voltage also means increasing the current input to the skin. Since skin tolerance is limited, the amount of charge input per pulse needs to be strictly controlled, thus requiring a significantly shorter pulse duration (nanosecond level). In conventional commercial electronic design, stable nanosecond-level pulse output is extremely difficult to achieve at a low cost.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the primary objective of this invention is to provide a bioelectrode system for focusing an electric field, which can still generate a relatively high electric field on the skin at low energy levels.

[0005] Another objective of this invention is to provide a bioelectrode system for focusing an electric field, which can enhance the energy density at target points on the skin surface.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows.

[0007] A bioelectrode system for focusing an electric field, the bioelectrode system comprising multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes arranged in an array to form a focused electric field suitable for transdermal drug delivery and cosmetic delivery applications.

[0008] In this bioelectrode system, multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes are arranged in an array to form a focused electric field, which can generate a relatively high electric field on the skin even at low energy levels, thereby enhancing the energy density of target points on the skin surface.

[0009] Furthermore, the electrode spacing between the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes is 20μm-1000μm.

[0010] Furthermore, the area of ​​each first electrode and / or the area of ​​each second electrode is 1e-4 mm². 2 up to 4mm2 Specifically, the " / " symbol in "and / or" means "or".

[0011] Furthermore, multiple first electrodes are arranged in multiple columns, and multiple second electrodes are arranged in multiple columns, with a column of second electrodes arranged between two adjacent columns of first electrodes, so that the multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes are arranged in an array of positive and negative cross-dots.

[0012] Furthermore, multiple first electrodes are arranged in multiple columns, and multiple second electrodes are arranged in multiple columns, with two or more columns of second electrodes arranged between adjacent columns of first electrodes, so that the multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes are arranged in an array as a positive and negative interlaced focusing array.

[0013] Furthermore, the multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes form multiple electrode units; the multiple electrode units include a first electrode and multiple second electrodes surrounding the outside of the first electrode, so that the multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes are arranged in an array as a positive and negative surrounding focal array.

[0014] Furthermore, the multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes form multiple electrode units; the multiple electrode units include a first electrode and multiple second electrodes surrounding the first electrode in two or more circles, so that the multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes are arranged in an array as a positive and negative interlaced surrounding focal array.

[0015] Furthermore, the bioelectrode system also includes an energy regulation layer that prevents short circuits when the electrodes are arranged in a very dense matrix, ensures uniform energy density distribution on the horizontal plane, and controls the energy distribution ratio on the vertical plane. This energy regulation layer effectively avoids individual differences on the skin surface.

[0016] Furthermore, the energy conditioning layer refers to a medium with a specific conductivity (which varies within the range of 1e-8 ms / cm to 1e4 ms / cm) that can uniformly contact the electrodes and the working area.

[0017] Furthermore, the energy modulation layer is provided on the surfaces of the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes;

[0018] Alternatively, the energy regulation layer covers the skin, and the surfaces of multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes are in contact with the energy regulation layer.

[0019] Furthermore, the energy regulation layer is a coating applied to the electrode surface and is composed of an elastic functional composite material;

[0020] The elastic functional composite material is formed by encapsulating highly conductive gallium-based liquid metal and functional micro / nanomaterial graphyne in a polymer PDMS. The graphyne nanosheets, which can withstand pressure changes, support gallium-based liquid metal distributed within the polymer PDMS.

[0021] Furthermore, the energy regulation layer is a double-layer film covering the skin;

[0022] The bilayer film comprises component A and component B. Component A is made from the following raw materials: glucomannan, carrageenan, potassium salt, and starch; component B is made from the following raw materials: glucomannan, carrageenan, and polyol.

[0023] In this invention, a focused electric field is formed by arranging multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes in an array. This allows for the generation of a relatively high electric field on the skin even at low energy levels, thereby enhancing the energy density of target points on the skin surface. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positive and negative cross-shaped lattice electrode.

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positive and negative interlaced focusing array.

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positive and negative encircling focal lattice.

[0027] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positive and negative interlaced surround focal lattice.

[0028] Figure 5 shows the XY section of the 3D model simulation results of the positive and negative cross-shaped lattice electrodes.

[0029] Figure 6 shows the traces formed by the positive and negative cross-shaped lattice electrodes.

[0030] Figure 7 shows the electric field simulation results of the positive and negative cross-lattice electrodes on the 2D skin model.

[0031] Figure 8 shows the electric field simulation results of the positive and negative interlaced focused array electrodes on a 2D skin model.

[0032] Figure 9. Electric field distribution of the energy regulation layer and various layers of the skin when the conductivity of the energy regulation layer is between 1e-6 ms / cm and 1e-3 ms / cm.

[0033] Figure 10 shows the electric field distribution of the energy regulation layer and various layers of the skin when the conductivity of the energy regulation layer is between 1e-3 ms / cm and 1e2 ms / cm.

[0034] Figure 11 shows the results of Experiment 1.

[0035] Figure 12 shows the results of Experiment 2.

[0036] Figure 13 shows the results of Experiment 3.

[0037] Figure 14 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of embodiment 1 regarding electrode spacing and electrode size.

[0038] Figure 15 shows the electric field simulation results of Example 1 with electrode spacing and electrode size.

[0039] Figure 16 shows a schematic diagram of the electrode spacing and electrode size in Example 2.

[0040] Figure 17 shows the electric field simulation results of Example 2 regarding electrode spacing and electrode size. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0042] In this embodiment, a bioelectrode system for focusing an electric field is provided.

[0043] This electrode system includes at least: an electrode matrix chip (electrode), an energy regulation layer, and an energy control terminal. In practical applications, the energy regulation layer can be integrated with the electrode (e.g., coated onto the electrode) or separate from it (e.g., covered on the skin as a thin film, with the electrode in direct contact with the energy regulation layer). The control terminal is connected to the electrode, providing energy while controlling its output.

[0044] After the energy control terminal outputs a certain amount of energy, a relatively high energy density is generated through a special electrode design. This part of the energy preferentially acts on the energy regulation layer. When the energy regulation layer is subjected to energy, it will respond to the energy and gradually reduce the interception of energy, so that the energy is gradually applied downward to the skin surface of the organism, as shown in Figure 9.

[0045] The skin surface of an organism consists of a complex multi-layered structure composed of the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is further composed of the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. Each layer has different electrical and physicochemical properties. The outermost stratum corneum is the most lipophilic and has the highest impedance, while the innermost dermis is the most hydrophilic and has the lowest impedance. A sebum film, composed of sweat, oil, and metabolic waste cells, protects the stratum corneum from exposure. Different areas of the skin produce varying amounts of sweat and oil, resulting in significant differences in the electrical properties across the skin's surface. The energy regulation layer, in addition to regulating the energy distribution across the longitudinal plane, also prevents surface short circuits and ensures that the energy output from the electrodes on the transverse plane is evenly distributed across the skin.

[0046] When energy is evenly and stably transferred to the skin surface, it will preferentially reach the stratum corneum due to Ohm's law. When the stratum corneum is subjected to a certain amount of energy, its impedance will gradually decrease under the influence of the energy. If non-penetrating energy (non-radiofrequency type penetrating energy) is continuously output, the distribution of energy in the multi-layered structure of the skin will continue to increase downwards. The epidermis will generate a large amount of heat under the action of energy, thus burning through it. Ultimately, the energy will continue to be transferred into the body, causing great harm.

[0047] To avoid this problem, after a certain amount of energy is output, the energy output can be turned off by controlling the energy control terminal, so that only a portion of the energy acts on the stratum corneum, ensuring stable energy output while avoiding damage to the skin and the body.

[0048] The beneficial effects of this bioelectrode system are: 1. Direct contact with the organism to stably transfer energy to the organism; 2. Focusing energy as much as possible on the surface of the organism (stratum corneum) and reducing energy conduction into the body; 3. Forming the highest possible energy density on the surface of the organism with the lowest possible energy.

[0049] In this embodiment, the electrode matrix chip (electrode) includes multiple first electrodes 1 and multiple second electrodes 2, which are arranged in an array to form a focused electric field.

[0050] In this embodiment, to improve the electric field strength of the electrode array during skin contact under different physiological conditions and achieve optimal electroporation, the electrode spacing of the multiple first electrodes 1 and multiple second electrodes 2 needs to be designed to be in the range of 0.1μm-1000μm, preferably 20μm-500μm. The area of ​​each first electrode 1 and the area of ​​each second electrode 2 are both 1e-4mm². 2 up to 4mm 2 .

[0051] Specifically, there is a first electrode 1 and a second electrode 2, one of which is a positive electrode and the other is a negative electrode.

[0052] The specific embodiment of arranging multiple first electrodes 1 and multiple second electrodes 2 in an array is as follows:

[0053] Electrode array arrangement example 1: Positive and negative cross-matrix electrodes

[0054] Referring to Figure 1, multiple first electrodes 1 are arranged in multiple columns, and multiple second electrodes 2 are arranged in multiple columns. A column of second electrodes 2 is arranged between two adjacent columns of first electrodes 1, so that the multiple first electrodes 1 and multiple second electrodes 2 are arranged in an array of positive and negative cross-dots.

[0055] In this embodiment, multiple first electrodes 1 and multiple second electrodes 2 are distributed in a cross-combination manner and connected by wiring in the electrode substrate layer to form a cross-dot matrix of positive and negative electrodes. This implementation makes the fusion of positive and negative electrodes more compact, which is beneficial to further improve the regularity, controllability and upper limit of the electric field distribution, and reduce the impact of electroporation caused by differences in physiological states of the skin at smaller scales (such as wounds, scars, acne marks, etc.). At the same time, this design increases the rate at which the skin releases charge during the pulse interval during the application of the pulsed electric field, and reduces the skin polarization phenomenon caused by charge accumulation.

[0056] Referring to Figure 5, as shown in the XY cross-section diagram of the 3D model simulation results above, the positive and negative cross-lattice electrodes in this embodiment exhibit a significant electric field focusing effect in terms of electric field distribution, which can provide a higher electric field result for the working surface.

[0057] Referring to Figure 6, positive and negative cross-matrix electrodes with different electrode spacings using a 20V pulse voltage are positioned at approximately 5cm. 2 The traces formed on the area energy conditioning layer; as can be seen from the phenomenon in the figure above, even under a voltage of 20V and a current limit of 50mA pulse current, the focusing electric field scheme provided by this electrode design can still achieve an energy density far exceeding the normal level on this working surface.

[0058] Example 2: Electrode array arrangement, positive and negative interlaced focusing array

[0059] Referring to Figure 2, multiple first electrodes 1 are arranged in multiple columns, and multiple second electrodes 2 are arranged in multiple columns. Two or more columns of second electrodes 2 are arranged between two adjacent columns of first electrodes 1, so that the multiple first electrodes 1 and multiple second electrodes 2 are arranged in an array as a positive and negative interlaced focusing array.

[0060] In the process of transdermal drug delivery using electroporation, the skin structure strength and tolerance vary greatly among different species and in different locations. Increasing the electric field that the device can provide means that the recipient skin compatibility of the device's electroporation function is stronger. Therefore, it is very valuable to study the possibility of obtaining a higher electric field at a lower voltage.

[0061] Based on Example 1, Example 2 arranges the positive and negative lattice sequences in an alternating row manner as shown in the figure above. Although this arrangement reduces the uniformity of the electric field distribution, it helps to further increase the upper limit of the electric field that can be obtained in some areas of the working surface.

[0062] See Figure 7 for the electric field simulation results of the "positive and negative cross-lattice electrodes" on the 2D skin model;

[0063] See Figure 8 for the electric field simulation results of the "positive and negative interlaced focused array electrodes" on a 2D skin model;

[0064] As shown in the 2D simulation results above, the "positive and negative interlaced focusing lattice electrode" provided in this embodiment 2, compared with the "positive and negative cross lattice electrode" in embodiment 1, under the same conditions, although the uniformity of the electric field distribution is reduced, the upper limit of the single-point electric field that can be obtained is increased by about 23.85%.

[0065] Based on this second embodiment, the alternating rows described in this embodiment are in the form of two rows apart. However, in practice, without considering uniformity and only considering obtaining a higher electric field, it is more preferable to alternate three rows, four rows, or even more rows. Based on this, more consideration is given to the actual scenarios and directions in which this technology is applied for targeted design.

[0066] Electrode array arrangement embodiment three: Positive and negative encircling focusing array

[0067] Referring to Figure 3, multiple first electrodes 1 are arranged in multiple columns, and multiple second electrodes 2 are arranged in multiple columns. Two or more columns of second electrodes 2 are arranged between two adjacent columns of first electrodes 1, so that the multiple first electrodes 1 and multiple second electrodes 2 are arranged in an array as a positive and negative interlaced focusing array.

[0068] This embodiment three adopts the enclosed electrode design shown in the figure below, which can provide a higher upper limit of the focusing electric field under the same pulse output conditions compared to the designs of embodiments one and two.

[0069] Example 4: Electrode array arrangement, positive and negative interlaced surround focusing array

[0070] Referring to Figure 4, multiple first electrodes 1 and multiple second electrodes 2 form multiple electrode units; the multiple electrode units include a first electrode 1 and multiple second electrodes 2 surrounding the outside of the first electrode 1, so that the multiple first electrodes 1 and multiple second electrodes 2 are arranged in an array as a positive and negative surrounding focal array.

[0071] This embodiment combines the design results of Embodiments 2 and 3 to propose an electrode design with a higher focused electric field. As shown in the figure below, it adopts an interlaced surrounding focused dot array design. According to this design concept, under the same conditions, an electric field result several times or even tens of times higher than that of Embodiment 1 can be obtained.

[0072] In all the embodiments described above, the forms such as "intersecting," "alternating rows," and "encircling" are only simple examples for easy explanation. Taking "alternating rows" as an example, in actual technical applications, without considering uniformity and only considering obtaining a higher electric field, it is more preferable to alternate three rows, four rows, or even more rows. Optimization and adjustment can be made according to the actual application scenario and direction, and not all of them are listed in this invention.

[0073] Based on the above arbitrary electrode arrangement, different designs of "electrode spacing" and "electrode size" have a significant impact on the electric field gain. Examples of electrode design are as follows:

[0074] Example 1: Electrode spacing and electrode size

[0075] Referring to Figure 14, based on the electrode array arrangement embodiment one, multiple first electrodes 1 and multiple second electrodes 2 are evenly distributed, with a uniform spacing of 0.2 mm between them. The electrodes are cylindrical in shape, with a diameter of 0.8 mm (i.e., each electrode has an area of ​​approximately 0.5 mm²). 2 ).

[0076] Referring to Figure 15, this embodiment obtains through simulation that the limiting electric field distributed in the stratum corneum under the preset 2D model with the above parameters is 1.12e6V / m.

[0077] Example 2: Electrode spacing and electrode size

[0078] Referring to Figure 16, based on the electrode array arrangement embodiment one, multiple first electrodes 1 and multiple second electrodes 2 are evenly distributed, with a uniform spacing of 0.1 mm between them. The electrodes are cylindrical in shape, with a diameter of 0.3 mm (i.e., each electrode has an area of ​​approximately 0.07 mm²). 2 ).

[0079] Referring to Figure 17, this embodiment shows that, through simulation, under the same variable design conditions as "Electrode Spacing and Electrode Size Embodiment 1", the limiting electric field distributed in the stratum corneum is further increased to 1.26e6V / m, an increase of 12.5%, in a 2D model with the preset parameters.

[0080] The design implementation of the energy regulation layer is as follows:

[0081] Energy regulation layer example 1:

[0082] A double-layer film is made from composite materials, comprising component A and component B. Component A is mainly composed of the following raw materials: glucomannan, carrageenan, potassium salt, and starch; component B is mainly composed of the following raw materials: glucomannan, carrageenan, and polyol. Both component A and component B contain glucomannan, carrageenan, and potassium salt, which allows component A and component B to be well integrated and connected.

[0083] This film exhibits different physical states when it contains different amounts of water, and at the optimal water content, it has appropriate resistance.

[0084] Covering the skin surface, electrodes are pressed onto this film, forming a combined electrode system. This also avoids electrode short circuits and ensures uniform and stable lateral energy density. Under certain energy levels, this film generates a small amount of heat, which causes the composite material to dissolve, thereby reducing local resistance and achieving longitudinal energy ratio control.

[0085] Energy regulation layer example 2:

[0086] By encapsulating highly conductive gallium-based liquid metal and functional micro / nanomaterial graphyne in polymer PDMS, the pressure-sensitive graphyne nanosheets loaded with gallium-based liquid metal are distributed within the polymer PDMS, forming an elastic functional composite material with special functional groups and a three-dimensional conductive network structure. This three-dimensional pressure-sensitive adaptive conductive material not only possesses the excellent flexible mechanical properties and environmental isolation ability of the polymer matrix, but is also endowed with the functional characteristics of liquid metal and micro / nanomaterials, ensuring good conductivity and a wide range of pressure sensitivity. It also has ultra-low pressure sensitivity and surface roughness recognition capabilities, and adaptive conductivity adjustment function based on the body state.

[0087] This material is prepared as a coating and applied to the electrode surface to prevent electrode short circuits, while ensuring uniform and stable energy density across the transverse plane and controllable energy distribution ratio across the longitudinal plane with pressure.

[0088] Specifically, the elastic functional composite material (Ga-GDY@PDMS) includes a polymer PDMS, a highly conductive gallium-based liquid metal, and a graphyne that can withstand pressure changes. The highly conductive gallium-based liquid metal and graphyne are encapsulated by the polymer PDMS, and the graphyne nanosheets that can withstand pressure changes are loaded with gallium-based liquid metal distributed in the polymer PDMS.

[0089] The elastic functional composite material (Ga-GDY@PDMS) can be prepared by a hybrid fusion method, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0090] Step 1: Synthesis of gallium-based liquid metal; High-purity gallium, indium, and tin are stirred and mixed in a temperature-controlled oil bath under nitrogen protection to obtain a gallium-based liquid metal gallium-indium-tin eutectic alloy.

[0091] Step 2: Synthesis of Ga@PDMS; The prepared gallium indium tin eutectic alloy is mixed and stirred with PDMS solution to uniformly disperse the gallium indium tin eutectic alloy in PDMS solution, forming a Ga@PDMS mixed solution;

[0092] Step 3: Synthesis of Ga-GDY@PDMS; Graphdiyne particles are added to the Ga@PDMS mixed solution and stirred to uniformly disperse the gallium indium tin eutectic alloy and graphdiyne particles in the PDMS solution to form a Ga-GDY@PDMS mixed solution.

[0093] Step 4: Preparation of elastic functional composite material (Ga-GDY@PDMS); Add PDMS curing agent to Ga-GDY@PDMS mixed solution, mix and stir again, then place in a vacuum box to remove air bubbles, and pour into a mold; finally, heat the mold to cure, and after demolding, obtain elastic functional composite material (Ga-GDY@PDMS).

[0094] In this embodiment, in step one, the mass ratio of gallium, indium, and tin is 68:22:10.

[0095] In this embodiment, in step two, the mass ratio of the gallium indium tin eutectic alloy is 0.5 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, or 5 wt%. Preferably, the mass ratio of the gallium indium tin eutectic alloy is 3 wt%.

[0096] In this embodiment, in step three, the mass ratio of the graphdiyne particles is 1 wt%.

[0097] In this embodiment, in step four, the mass of the PDMS curing agent is one-tenth of the PDMS solution.

[0098] In this embodiment, during step four, when the mold is heated and cured, the mold is placed in a forced-air oven and heated at 60°C for 4 hours to cure it.

[0099] In this embodiment, during step one, a mechanical stirrer is used to stir the mixture for 0.5 hours.

[0100] In step two, during the mixing process, a mechanical stirrer is used to stir for 0.5 hours.

[0101] In step three, during the mixing process, a mechanical stirrer is used to stir for 0.5 hours.

[0102] In this embodiment, in step one, the temperature of the temperature-controlled constant temperature oil bath is 60°C;

[0103] In step two, the temperature of the temperature-controlled constant temperature oil bath is 60°C.

[0104] In this embodiment, during the mixing process in step one, the mixture is stirred vigorously at 500 rpm.

[0105] In step two, when mixing, stir vigorously at 500 rpm;

[0106] In step three, when mixing, stir vigorously at 500 rpm.

[0107] Experimental examples of combined applications of the bioelectrode system of this invention:

[0108] Experimental Methods: After anesthetizing 30-day-old ICR mice, the backs were dehaired with hair removal cream and cleaned. Different combinations of electrode systems were then applied to the backs of the mice. Finally, a red dye diluted to a certain proportion was applied as a wet compress to the backs of the mice. The differences in staining effects were used to determine the differences in the effectiveness of different electrode systems.

[0109] See Figure 9, Experiment 1: Traditional non-invasive electrode:

[0110] Energy is conducted into the body, and only surface damage can be observed after hair removal;

[0111] See Figure 10, Experiment 2: Electrode Matrix Chip:

[0112] Energy is focused on the skin surface, but uneven distribution and localized damage occur.

[0113] See Figure 11, Experiment 3: Electrode Matrix Chip + Energy Regulation Layer:

[0114] Energy is focused on the skin surface, resulting in uniform staining differences consistent with the electrode arrangement.

[0115] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bioelectrode system for focusing an electric field, characterized in that, The bioelectrode system includes multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes, which are arranged in an array to form a focused electric field.

2. A bioelectrode system for focusing an electric field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes is 20μm-1000μm.

3. A bioelectrode system for focusing an electric field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The area of ​​each first electrode and / or the area of ​​each second electrode is 1e-4 mm². 2 up to 4mm 2 .

4. A bioelectrode system for focusing an electric field according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple first electrodes are arranged in multiple columns, and multiple second electrodes are arranged in multiple columns, with a column of second electrodes arranged between two adjacent columns of first electrodes, so that the multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes are arranged in an array of positive and negative cross-dots. Alternatively, multiple first electrodes are arranged in multiple columns, and multiple second electrodes are arranged in multiple columns, with two or more columns of second electrodes arranged between adjacent columns of first electrodes, so that the multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes are arranged in an array as a positive and negative interlaced focusing array. Alternatively, multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes form multiple electrode units; the multiple electrode units include a first electrode and multiple second electrodes surrounding the outside of the first electrode, such that the multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes are arranged in an array as a positive and negative surrounding focal lattice. Alternatively, multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes form multiple electrode units; the multiple electrode units include a first electrode and multiple second electrodes surrounding the first electrode in two or more circles, such that the multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes are arranged in an array as a positive and negative interlaced surrounding focal array.

5. A bioelectrode system for focusing an electric field according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The bioelectrode system also includes an energy regulation layer that prevents short circuits when the electrodes are arranged in a very dense matrix, ensures uniform energy density distribution on the horizontal plane, and controls the energy distribution ratio on the vertical plane.

6. A bioelectrode system for focusing an electric field according to claim 5, wherein the conductivity of the energy regulation layer varies within the range of 1e-8 ms / cm to 1e4 ms / cm.

7. A bioelectrode system for focusing an electric field according to claim 6, characterized in that, The energy modulation layer is disposed on the surfaces of multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes; Alternatively, the energy regulation layer covers the skin, and the surfaces of multiple first electrodes and multiple second electrodes are in contact with the energy regulation layer.

8. A bioelectrode system for focusing an electric field according to claim 7, characterized in that, The energy regulation layer is a coating applied to the electrode surface and is made of an elastic functional composite material; The elastic functional composite material is formed by encapsulating highly conductive gallium-based liquid metal and functional micro / nanomaterial graphyne in a polymer PDMS. The graphyne nanosheets, which can withstand pressure changes, support gallium-based liquid metal distributed within the polymer PDMS.

9. A bioelectrode system for focusing an electric field according to claim 7, characterized in that, The energy regulation layer is a double-layer film covering the skin; The bilayer film comprises component A and component B. Component A is made from the following raw materials: glucomannan, carrageenan, potassium salt, and starch; component B is made from the following raw materials: glucomannan, carrageenan, and polyol.

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