Electrode for power generation device, electrode pair for power generation device, power generation device, and daily necessities

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electrode for a power generation device, the electrode being excellent in terms of detectability, wettability, and water resistance. The present invention provides an electrode for a power generation device, the electrode comprising a support base material, and an electrode layer that is provided on at least a part of the surface of the support base material. The electrode layer contains a typical metal compound, a conductive material, and a binder.

Description

Electrodes for power generation devices, electrode pairs for power generation devices, power generation devices and everyday items

[0001] The present invention relates to an electrode for a power generation device, an electrode pair for a power generation device, a power generation device, and daily necessities.

[0002] In recent years, development of power generation devices that generate electricity using an aqueous electrolyte has progressed, and as such a power generation device, for example, a device that generates electricity using urine or the like as the aqueous electrolyte has been proposed. Specifically, Patent Document 1 proposes a device that includes a positive electrode using a urine detection electrode and a negative electrode arranged at a distance (separate) from the positive electrode, generates electricity when the positive electrode is in contact with urine, and can extract a power output representing urination from the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0003] JP 2018-68583 A

[0004] Here, it is desirable that an electrode used in a power generation device capable of generating electricity using an aqueous electrolyte solution (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as an "electrode for a power generation device") quickly detects the aqueous electrolyte solution and has excellent detectability.

[0005] Furthermore, it is desirable that the electrode for the power generation device has excellent wettability with an aqueous electrolyte (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as "wettability"), since this allows for an improvement in the amount of power generated.

[0006] Furthermore, it is desirable that the electrodes for power generation devices have improved water resistance to aqueous electrolytes so that the electrode structure is sufficiently maintained even after immersion in the aqueous electrolyte.

[0007] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an electrode for a power generation device that has excellent detectability, wettability, and water resistance. Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrode pair for a power generation device that includes the above-mentioned electrode for a power generation device. Another object of the present invention is to provide a power generation device that includes the above-mentioned electrode for a power generation device. Another object of the present invention is to provide an everyday item that includes the above-mentioned power generation device.

[0008] The present inventors have conducted extensive research with the aim of solving the above-mentioned problems, and have newly discovered that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by an electrode for a power generation device, the electrode comprising a supporting substrate and an electrode layer provided on at least a part of the surface of the supporting substrate, the electrode having a predetermined composition, and have completed the present invention.

[0009]

[0010] The present invention aims to advantageously solve the above-mentioned problems, and provides an electrode for a power generation device, comprising a support substrate and an electrode layer provided on at least a portion of the surface of the support substrate, the electrode layer including a typical metal compound, a conductive material, and a binder. The above-described power generation device electrode has excellent detectability, wettability, and water resistance.

[0010] [2] In the electrode for a power generation device according to [1] above, the volume average particle diameter of the typical metal compound is preferably 0.1 μm or more and 20 μm or less. When the volume average particle diameter of the typical metal compound is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the wettability of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved. On the other hand, when the volume average particle diameter of the typical metal compound is equal to or less than the upper limit, the detectability of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved. In this specification, the term "volume average particle diameter" refers to the particle diameter (median diameter D50) at which the cumulative volume calculated from the smallest diameter side is 50% in a particle size distribution (volume basis) measured by a laser diffraction method, which can be measured in accordance with JIS Z8825.

[0011] [3] In the electrode for a power generation device according to the above [1] or [2], the specific surface area of ​​the conductive material is 500 m ２ / g or more 2000m ２ / g or less. When the specific surface area of ​​the conductive material is equal to or greater than the above lower limit, the detectability of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved. On the other hand, when the specific surface area of ​​the conductive material is equal to or less than the above upper limit, the wettability of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved. In this specification, the specific surface area of ​​the conductive material can be measured by a nitrogen adsorption method.

[0012] [4] In the electrode for a power generation device according to any one of [1] to [3] above, the mass ratio of the conductive material to the typical metal compound is preferably 0.001 or more and 1.0 or less. When the mass ratio of the conductive material to the typical metal compound is equal to or more than the lower limit, the detectability of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved. On the other hand, when the mass ratio of the conductive material to the typical metal compound is equal to or less than the upper limit, the wettability of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved.

[0013] [5] In the electrode for a power generation device according to any one of [1] to [4] above, the content of the binder is preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more and 35 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of the typical metal compound. If the content of the binder is equal to or more than the lower limit, the water resistance of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved. On the other hand, if the content of the binder is equal to or less than the upper limit, the detectability and wettability of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved.

[0014] [6] In the electrode for a power generation device according to any one of the above [1] to [5], the typical metal in the typical metal compound is preferably an element of Group 2 of the periodic table. If the typical metal in the typical metal compound is an element of Group 2 of the periodic table, the detectability and wettability of the power generation device can be improved.

[0015] [7] In the electrode for a power generation device according to any one of the above [1] to [6], the typical metal compound is preferably an oxide. When the typical metal compound is an oxide, the detectability of the power generation device can be improved.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to advantageously solve the above-mentioned problems, and [8] the present invention is an electrode pair for a power generation device, comprising the electrode for a power generation device according to any one of [1] to [7] above and a counter electrode. Such an electrode pair for a power generation device can impart excellent performance to the power generation device.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to advantageously solve the above-mentioned problems, and [9] the present invention is a power generation device comprising the power generation device electrode according to any one of [1] to [7] above and a counter electrode. Such a power generation device has excellent performance.

[0018]

[10] The power generation device according to [9] above preferably further comprises a separator between the electrode layer of the power generation device electrode and the counter electrode. By further comprising a separator between the electrode layer of the power generation device electrode and the counter electrode, contact between the power generation device electrode and the counter electrode can be effectively suppressed.

[0019]

[11] The power generation device according to [9] or

[10] above preferably further comprises an aqueous electrolyte in contact with the power generation device electrode and the counter electrode. By further comprising an aqueous electrolyte in contact with the power generation device electrode and the counter electrode, power generation can be easily performed.

[0020]

[12] In the power generating device of the above

[11] , the aqueous electrolyte preferably contains chloride ions. If the aqueous electrolyte contains chloride ions, the applications of the power generating device can be further expanded.

[0021] Another object of the present invention is to advantageously solve the above-mentioned problems, and

[13] the present invention is a daily necessities equipped with the power generation device of any one of [9] to

[12] above. Such daily necessities can have excellent power generation performance.

[0022] According to the present invention, an electrode for a power generation device having excellent detectability, wettability, and water resistance can be provided. Further, according to the present invention, an electrode pair for a power generation device including the above-mentioned electrode for a power generation device can be provided. Further, according to the present invention, a power generation device including the above-mentioned electrode for a power generation device can be provided. Further, according to the present invention, everyday items including the above-mentioned power generation device can be provided.

[0023] 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an electrode for a power generation device of the present invention, 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a power generation device of the present invention, and 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a power generation device of the present invention.

[0024] Each component disclosed in this specification, as well as the preferred embodiments, numerical ranges, and thresholds defining such numerical ranges shown for each component, can be independently combined with each other in any manner.

[0025] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof. The electrode for a power generation device of the present invention can be used in a power generation device together with a counter electrode.

[0026] (Electrode for power generation device) The electrode for power generation device of the present invention comprises a support substrate and an electrode layer provided on at least a portion of the surface of the support substrate. The electrode layer contains a typical metal compound, a conductive material, and a binder. The above-mentioned electrode for power generation device has excellent detectability, wettability, and water resistance.

[0027] Here, the structure of the electrode for a power generation device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1, but the electrode for a power generation device of the present invention is not limited to this.

[0028] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a power generation device electrode of the present invention. In the power generation device electrode 10 of FIG. 1 , an electrode layer 12 is provided on a portion of one surface of a film-like supporting substrate 11 (the upper surface of the supporting substrate 11 in FIG. 1 ). Here, as shown in FIG. 1 , the electrode layer 12 of the power generation device electrode 10 is usually exposed on the surface opposite to the supporting substrate 11. Note that in FIG. 1 , the electrode layer 12 is provided on a portion of the upper surface of the supporting substrate 11, but it may be provided on the entire upper surface of the supporting substrate 10. Furthermore, although not shown, the electrode layer 12 may also be provided on the other surface of the film-like supporting substrate 11 (the lower surface in FIG. 1 ). That is, the electrode layer 12 may be provided on both surfaces of the film-like supporting substrate 11.

[0029] <Supporting Substrate> The supporting substrate is not particularly limited as long as it can support the electrode layer. For example, a metal substrate or a non-metallic substrate can be used, but the supporting substrate is preferably a non-metallic substrate.

[0030] [Non-metallic substrate] The non-metallic substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is made of a non-metallic material, but it is preferable that the non-metallic substrate has insulating properties and a volume resistivity of 10 １０It is more preferable that the electrical resistance is Ω·cm or more. If the non-metallic base material has insulating properties, the corrosion resistance of the electrode for a power generation device can be improved. Furthermore, even after the electrode for a power generation device is immersed in an aqueous electrolyte, the adhesive strength between the non-metallic base material and the electrode layer can be sufficiently maintained.

[0031] Examples of non-metallic materials constituting the non-metallic substrate include resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polyethylene, and cycloolefin polymers; and conductive materials such as graphite, carbon nanotubes, and conductive polymers. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, resins are preferred because of their excellent insulating properties, and polyethylene phthalate and polyacrylonitrile are more preferred.

[0032] [Metallic Substrate] The metallic substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is made of a metallic material, such as aluminum, magnesium, or zinc.

[0033] [Properties of the supporting substrate] The supporting substrate is not particularly limited as long as it has a shape that can support the electrode layer, and for example, it can be a film.Here, when the supporting substrate is in the form of a film, the thickness of the film-shaped supporting substrate is, for example, 10 μm or more, or 20 μm or more, and for example, 1000 μm or less, or 100 μm or less.In addition, the supporting substrate is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be a porous substrate containing a large number of pores inside, or a fibrous substrate made of a fibrous material.

[0034] <Electrode Layer> In this specification, the term "electrode layer" refers to a layer that can function as an electrode. The electrode layer contains a typical metal compound, a conductive material, and a binder, and may optionally contain components other than the typical metal compound, the conductive material, and the binder (hereinafter, these may be referred to as "other components").

[0035] [Typical Metal Compound] A typical metal compound is a component that can function as an electrode active material and is a compound that contains a typical metal as a metal component. When the electrode layer contains a typical metal compound, a trace amount of ionic components derived from the aqueous metal compound are eluted into the aqueous electrolyte when the electrode layer comes into contact with the aqueous electrolyte, which is thought to improve the detectability of the electrode for a power generation device. Furthermore, since typical metal compounds usually have a high affinity with aqueous electrolytes, it is thought that they can improve the wettability of the electrode for a power generation device. Note that the typical metal in the typical metal compound is usually in a cationic state.

[0036] Examples of typical metal compounds include oxides, nitrides, carbonates, nitrates, and sulfates. Among these, oxides and carbonates are preferred, and oxides are more preferred, because they can improve the detectability of the power generation device. The typical metal compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more in any ratio.

[0037] Examples of typical metals in typical metal compounds include Group 1 elements of the periodic table, such as Li, Na, K, and Rb; Group 2 elements of the periodic table, such as Be, Mg, Ca, and Sr; Group 12 elements of the periodic table, such as Zn and Cd; Group 13 elements of the periodic table, such as Al and Ga; Group 14 elements of the periodic table, such as Si, Ge, Sb, and Bi; Group 15 elements of the periodic table, such as As and Sb; and Group 16 elements of the periodic table, such as Se and Te. Among these, Group 2 elements of the periodic table are preferred because they can improve the detectability and wettability of the power generation device, and Mg and Ca are more preferred. Furthermore, Mg is even more preferred because it can effectively improve the detectability of the power generation device. The above-mentioned typical metals (elements) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0038] The volume average particle diameter of the typical metal compound is preferably 0.1 μm or more, more preferably 0.5 μm or more, and preferably 20 μm or less, more preferably 15 μm or less. When the volume average particle diameter of the typical metal compound is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the wettability of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved. On the other hand, when the volume average particle diameter of the typical metal compound is equal to or less than the upper limit, the detectability of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved.

[0039] The content of the typical metal compound in the electrode layer is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 65% ​​by mass or more, and even more preferably 80% by mass or more, and is preferably 95% by mass or less, more preferably 90% by mass or less, and even more preferably 85% by mass or less.

[0040] [Conductive material] The conductive material is a component that can ensure the conductivity of the electrode layer. By including the conductive material in the electrode layer, the conductivity of the electrode layer can be ensured, and it is presumed that the detectability of the electrode layer can be improved. In addition, since the conductive material can be hydrophobic, it is presumed that the water resistance of the electrode layer can be improved. Here, the volume resistivity of the conductive material is usually 10 －１０ ~10 －５ In this specification, the volume resistivity can be measured in accordance with JIS C2139.

[0041] The conductive material is not particularly limited, but a carbon-based conductive material can be used. Examples of carbon-based conductive materials include carbon black (e.g., acetylene black, ketjen black, furnace black, etc.), single-walled or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (multi-walled carbon nanotubes include cup-stacked types), carbon nanohorns, vapor-grown carbon fibers, milled carbon fibers obtained by calcining and then crushing polymer fibers, single-walled or multi-walled graphene, and carbon nonwoven fabric sheets obtained by calcining nonwoven fabrics made of polymer fibers. These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more in any ratio.

[0042] The specific surface area of ​​the conductive material is 500m ２ / g or more, and ２ / g or more is more preferable, and 2000m ２ / g or less, and ２ / g or less is more preferable. When the specific surface area of ​​the conductive material is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the detectability of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved. On the other hand, when the specific surface area of ​​the conductive material is equal to or less than the upper limit, the wettability of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved.

[0043] The volume average particle size of the conductive material is preferably 0.001 μm or more, more preferably 0.002 μm or more, and is preferably 20 μm or less, more preferably 15 μm or less.

[0044] The content of the conductive material in the electrode layer is preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 3 parts by mass or more, and preferably 30 parts by mass or less, more preferably 25 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of the typical metal compound. If the content of the conductive material is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the detectability of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved. On the other hand, if the content of the conductive material is equal to or less than the upper limit, the wettability of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved.

[0045] Here, the mass ratio of the conductive material to the typical metal compound (conductive material content / typical metal compound content) is preferably 0.001 or more, more preferably 0.05 or more, and preferably 1.0 or less, more preferably 0.2 or less. When the mass ratio of the conductive material to the typical metal compound is equal to or greater than the above-mentioned lower limit, the detectability of the electrode for the power generation device can be effectively improved. On the other hand, when the mass ratio of the conductive material to the typical metal compound is equal to or less than the above-mentioned upper limit, the wettability of the electrode for the power generation device can be effectively improved.

[0046] [Binder] The binder is capable of retaining the components (typical metal compounds, conductive materials, etc.) contained in the electrode layer within the electrode layer. It is presumed that the inclusion of a binder in the electrode layer allows the typical metal compounds, conductive materials, etc. to be retained within the electrode layer, thereby improving the water resistance of the electrode layer. It is also presumed that the shape of the electrode layer can be effectively maintained when in contact with an aqueous electrolyte, thereby improving the detectability and wettability of the electrode layer.

[0047] The binder is not particularly limited, but preferably contains a water-insoluble polymer A (hereinafter may be simply referred to as "polymer A"). If the binder contains polymer A, the water resistance of the electrode layer can be improved. Furthermore, the binder preferably further contains a water-soluble polymer B (hereinafter may be simply referred to as "polymer B"). If the binder further contains polymer B, the water resistance of the electrode layer can be further improved.

[0048] -Polymer A- The water-insoluble polymer A is capable of retaining the components contained in the electrode layer (typical metal compounds, conductive materials, etc.) within the electrode layer, and examples thereof include acrylic polymers, conjugated diene polymers, etc. Among these, acrylic polymers are preferred.

[0049] --Acrylic Polymer-- An acrylic polymer is a polymer containing (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester monomer units. The acrylic polymer contains (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester monomer units and may optionally contain other monomer units. Here, in this specification, "(meth)acrylic" means acrylic and / or methacrylic. Note that the acrylic polymer typically contains 50% by mass or more of (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester monomer units in the acrylic polymer.

[0050] Examples of (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester monomers that can form (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester monomer units include acrylic acid alkyl esters such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; and methacrylic acid alkyl esters such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, pentyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, heptyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate are preferred.

[0051] The proportion of (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester monomer units in the acrylic polymer is 50% by mass or more, preferably 60% by mass or more, and more preferably 70% by mass or more, and is preferably 90% by mass or less, and more preferably 85% by mass or less.

[0052] Examples of other monomer units that the acrylic polymer may contain include nitrile group-containing monomer units, acid group-containing monomer units, and hydroxyl group-containing monomer units.

[0053] The cyano group-containing monomer unit is a monomer unit that can be formed by a cyano group-containing monomer. Examples of the cyano group-containing monomer include acrylonitrile; methacrylonitrile, α-alkylacrylonitrile such as α-ethylacrylonitrile; and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more in any ratio. Among these, acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile are preferred as the cyano group-containing monomer, and acrylonitrile is more preferred.

[0054] In the acrylic polymer, the proportion of the cyano group-containing monomer units is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, and is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, and even more preferably 25% by mass or less.

[0055] The acid group-containing monomer unit is a monomer unit that can be formed by an acid group-containing monomer. Examples of the acid group-containing monomer include a monomer having an acid group, such as a monomer having a carboxylic acid group, a monomer having a sulfonic acid group, and a monomer having a phosphoric acid group.

[0056] Examples of monomers having a carboxylic acid group include monocarboxylic acids and their derivatives, dicarboxylic acids and their acid anhydrides, and their derivatives. Examples of monocarboxylic acids include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid. Examples of monocarboxylic acid derivatives include 2-ethylacrylic acid, isocrotonic acid, α-acetoxyacrylic acid, β-trans-aryloxyacrylic acid, α-chloro-β-E-methoxyacrylic acid, and β-diaminoacrylic acid. Examples of dicarboxylic acids include maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itaconic acid. Examples of dicarboxylic acid derivatives include methylmaleic acid, dimethylmaleic acid, phenylmaleic acid, chloromaleic acid, dichloromaleic acid, fluoromaleic acid, and maleic acid monoesters such as nonyl maleate, decyl maleate, dodecyl maleate, octadecyl maleate, and fluoroalkyl maleate. Examples of dicarboxylic acid anhydrides include maleic anhydride, acrylic anhydride, methylmaleic anhydride, and dimethylmaleic anhydride. Furthermore, as the monomer having a carboxylic acid group, an acid anhydride which generates a carboxyl group upon hydrolysis can also be used.

[0057] Examples of the monomer having a sulfonic acid group include vinyl sulfonic acid, methyl vinyl sulfonic acid, (meth)allyl sulfonic acid, 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropane sulfonic acid, etc. In this specification, "(meth)allyl" means allyl and / or methallyl.

[0058] Examples of the monomer having a phosphate group include 2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl phosphate, methyl-2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl phosphate, ethyl-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl phosphate, etc. In this specification, "(meth)acryloyl" means acryloyl and / or methacryloyl.

[0059] Among these, as the acid group-containing monomer, a monomer having a carboxylic acid group is preferred, and itaconic acid is more preferred. The acid group-containing monomer may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds in any ratio.

[0060] In the acrylic polymer, the proportion of the acid group-containing monomer units is preferably 0.5% by mass or more, more preferably 1% by mass or more, and is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less.

[0061] The hydroxyl group-containing monomer unit is a monomer unit that can be formed from a hydroxyl group-containing monomer. Examples of the hydroxyl group-containing monomer include, but are not limited to, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and N-methylol acrylamide. Among these, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate is preferred as the hydroxyl group-containing monomer, from the viewpoints of improving the dispersibility of the carbon material and increasing the affinity with the aqueous electrolyte. The hydroxyl group-containing monomer may be used alone or in combination of two or more types in any ratio.

[0062] In the acrylic polymer, the proportion of the hydroxyl group-containing monomer units is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and is preferably 3% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or less.

[0063] Conjugated Diene Polymers Conjugated diene polymers are polymers containing structural units derived from conjugated diene monomers, including hydrogenated products thereof. Specific examples of conjugated diene polymers include aliphatic conjugated diene polymers such as polybutadiene and polyisoprene; aromatic vinyl-aliphatic conjugated diene copolymers such as styrene-butadiene polymers (SBR); vinyl cyanide-conjugated diene copolymers such as acrylonitrile-butadiene polymers (NBR); hydrogenated SBR, hydrogenated NBR, and the like. Among these, aromatic vinyl-aliphatic conjugated diene copolymers such as styrene-butadiene polymers (SBR) are preferred from the viewpoint of further improving the water resistance of electrodes for power generation devices. The aromatic vinyl-aliphatic conjugated diene copolymers contain, for example, aromatic vinyl monomer units and aliphatic conjugated diene monomer units, and may optionally contain other monomer units.

[0064] Examples of aromatic vinyl monomers that can form aromatic vinyl monomer units include styrene, α-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, and divinylbenzene. Among these, styrene is preferred as the aromatic vinyl monomer. The aromatic vinyl monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more at any ratio.

[0065] In the aromatic vinyl-aliphatic conjugated diene copolymer, the proportion of aromatic vinyl monomer units is preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 35% by mass or more, and is preferably 70% by mass or less, more preferably 65% ​​by mass or less.

[0066] Examples of aliphatic conjugated dienes that can form the aliphatic conjugated diene monomer units include 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, substituted linear conjugated pentadiene, and substituted and side-chain conjugated hexadienes. Among these, 1,3-butadiene is preferred as the aliphatic conjugated diene monomer. Note that the aliphatic conjugated diene monomer may be used alone or in combination of two or more types in any ratio.

[0067] In the aromatic vinyl / aliphatic conjugated diene copolymer, the proportion of the aliphatic conjugated diene monomer units is preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 35% by mass or more, and is preferably 70% by mass or less, more preferably 65% ​​by mass or less.

[0068] Examples of other monomer units that the aromatic vinyl-aliphatic conjugated diene copolymer may contain include acid group-containing monomer units, hydroxyl group-containing monomer units, etc. Examples of the acid group-containing monomer units and hydroxyl group-containing monomer units that the aromatic vinyl-aliphatic conjugated diene copolymer may contain include the same as those described above in the section "Acrylic Polymer."

[0069] The proportion of other monomer units in the aromatic vinyl-aliphatic conjugated diene copolymer is not particularly limited. For example, the proportion of acid group-containing monomer units can be 1% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less. Furthermore, the proportion of hydroxyl group-containing monomer units can be 0.1% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less.

[0070] --Glass Transition Temperature of Polymer A-- The glass transition temperature of polymer A is not particularly limited, but is preferably −30° C. or higher, more preferably −20° C. or higher, and even more preferably −10° C. or higher, and is preferably 30° C. or lower, and more preferably 20° C. or lower. In this specification, the glass transition temperature of the polymer can be measured using a differential scanning calorimeter.

[0071] --Content of Polymer A-- The content of Polymer A in the electrode layer is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, more preferably 3 parts by mass or more, and preferably 30 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 15 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of the typical metal compound. When the content of Polymer A is equal to or greater than the above-mentioned lower limit, the water resistance of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved. On the other hand, when the content of Polymer A is equal to or less than the above-mentioned upper limit, the detectability and wettability of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved.

[0072] --Method for Producing Polymer A-- The method for producing polymer A is not particularly limited, and polymer A can be obtained by polymerizing a monomer composition containing the above-mentioned monomers by, for example, a solution polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, a bulk polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method, or the like. The polymerization reaction can be addition polymerization such as ionic polymerization, radical polymerization, or living radical polymerization. The additives and polymerization solvents contained in the monomer composition used to prepare polymer A are not particularly limited, and known additives and polymerization solvents can be used.

[0073] -Polymer B- Examples of the water-soluble polymer B include carboxymethyl cellulose, poly(meth)acrylamide, etc. Among these, carboxymethyl cellulose is preferred.

[0074] Here, carboxymethyl cellulose is a cellulose in which the hydroxyl groups are replaced with carboxyl groups, and contains at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose and its salts. Examples of carboxymethyl cellulose salts include sodium salt, ammonium salt, and lithium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose. Examples of carboxymethyl cellulose that can be used include MAC350HC manufactured by Nippon Paper Chemicals Co., Ltd.

[0075] The content of polymer B in the electrode layer is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, more preferably 3 parts by mass or more, and preferably 30 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 15 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of the typical metal compound. When the content of polymer B is equal to or greater than the above-mentioned lower limit, the water resistance of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved. On the other hand, when the content of polymer B is equal to or less than the above-mentioned upper limit, the detectability and wettability of the electrode for a power generation device can be effectively improved.

[0076] -Binder Content- The binder content in the electrode layer is preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more, more preferably 3.2 parts by mass or more, and preferably 35 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 18 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of the typical metal compound. If the binder content is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the water resistance of the power generation device electrode can be effectively improved. On the other hand, if the binder content is equal to or less than the upper limit, the detectability and wettability of the power generation device electrode can be effectively improved.

[0077] [Other Components] Other components that the electrode layer may optionally contain are not particularly limited as long as they are components other than the above-described typical metal compounds, conductive materials, and binders, and examples thereof include a surface tension adjuster, a dispersant, etc. Note that the other components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0078] [Thickness of Electrode Layer] The thickness of the electrode layer is, for example, 10 μm or more, and may be 20 μm or more, and is, for example, 100 μm or less, and may be 50 μm or less.

[0079] <Method for manufacturing electrode for power generation device> The method for manufacturing the above-mentioned electrode for a power generation device is not particularly limited, and can be manufactured, for example, by the steps of: preparing a slurry composition for an electrode layer containing the above-mentioned typical metal compound, a conductive material, a binder, any other components, and a dispersion medium such as water (hereinafter referred to as the "preparation step"); applying the obtained slurry composition for an electrode layer to at least a portion of the surface of a support substrate to form a coating film (hereinafter referred to as the "coating step"); and drying the coating film on the support substrate to form an electrode layer on the support substrate (hereinafter referred to as the "drying step"). Below, as an example, a method for manufacturing an electrode for a power generation device through the preparation step, coating step, and drying step will be described, but the method for manufacturing an electrode for a power generation device is not limited thereto.

[0080] [Preparation Step] In the preparation step, a typical metal compound, a conductive material, a binder, any other components, and a dispersion medium such as water are mixed together to prepare a slurry composition for an electrode layer.

[0081] As the dispersion medium, a solvent can be used, and among them, it is preferable to use water as the dispersion medium.

[0082] The abundance ratio of each component contained in the slurry composition for an electrode layer is usually the same as the abundance ratio of each component contained in the electrode layer of an electrode for a power generation device, and the preferred abundance ratio of each component in the slurry composition for an electrode layer is the same as the preferred abundance ratio of each component contained in the electrode layer of an electrode for a power generation device.

[0083] Here, the method and order of mixing the above-mentioned components are not particularly limited, but in order to efficiently disperse the components, mixing is usually carried out using a disperser as the mixer.

[0084] [Coating step] In the coating step, the slurry composition for an electrode layer obtained in the preparation step is applied to at least a part of the surface of a supporting substrate to form a coating film. Note that in the coating step, the slurry composition for an electrode layer may be applied to the entire surface of the supporting substrate to form a coating film.

[0085] The method for applying the electrode layer slurry composition to the support substrate is not particularly limited, and known methods can be used. Specific examples of the application method include a doctor blade method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, an extrusion method, and a brush coating method. In this case, the electrode layer slurry composition may be applied to only one side of the support substrate, or may be applied to both sides. The thickness of the coating film of the electrode layer slurry composition on the support substrate after application and before drying can be appropriately set according to the desired thickness of the electrode layer. The support substrates described above can be used as the support substrate to which the electrode layer slurry composition is applied.

[0086] [Drying Step] In the drying step, the coating film on the supporting substrate is dried to form an electrode layer on the supporting substrate.

[0087] The method for drying the coating film on the supporting substrate is not particularly limited and any known method can be used, for example, drying with warm air, hot air, or low-humidity air, vacuum drying, or drying by irradiation with infrared rays or electron beams, etc. The drying conditions are not particularly limited, but the drying temperature is preferably 30 to 150°C, and the drying time is preferably 1 to 30 minutes.

[0088] (Electrode pair for power generation device) The electrode pair for a power generation device of the present invention comprises the above-described electrode for a power generation device of the present invention and a counter electrode. An electrode pair for a power generation device such as the above can impart excellent performance to the power generation device. The electrode for a power generation device of the present invention can be used in the power generation device of the present invention. Note that the counter electrode can be the same as the counter electrode described in the "Power generation device" section below. Note that the power generation device of the present invention does not usually comprise an aqueous electrolyte in contact with the electrode for a power generation device and the counter electrode, wiring connecting the electrode for a power generation device and the counter electrode, or a separator located between the electrode for a power generation device and the counter electrode.

[0089] (Power generation device) The power generation device of the present invention comprises the above-described power generation device electrode of the present invention and a counter electrode. The power generation device of the present invention has excellent performance because it comprises the power generation device electrode of the present invention, which has excellent detectability, wettability, and water resistance. Furthermore, since the power generation device of the present invention can easily generate power, it preferably further comprises an aqueous electrolyte solution in contact with the power generation device electrode and the counter electrode. The power generation device of the present invention may optionally comprise wiring connecting the power generation device electrode and the counter electrode. The power generation device of the present invention may also further comprise a separator located between the power generation device electrode and the counter electrode.

[0090] <Counter Electrode> The counter electrode provided in the power generation device is not particularly limited as long as it enables the power generation device to generate electricity when combined with the electrode for the power generation device, and for example, a polarizable electrode or the like can be used.

[0091] <Separator> The separator is not particularly limited, but is preferably a porous separator, and more preferably a separator containing a cellulose material. In this specification, the term "cellulose material" refers to a material containing cellulose as a main component, specifically, a material in which the proportion of cellulose contained in the cellulose material is 50% by mass or more, preferably 90% by mass or more, and more preferably 99% by mass or more.

[0092] Materials other than cellulose that can be included in the cellulose material include, for example, resins such as polyester and polyacrylonitrile.

[0093] The thickness of the separator is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 μm or more, more preferably 30 μm or more, and is preferably 100 μm or less, more preferably 80 μm or less.

[0094] <Aqueous Electrolyte> The aqueous electrolyte is an electrolyte containing water as a solvent. In the power generation device of the present invention, the aqueous electrolyte can further expand the applications of the power generation device, and therefore, it is preferable to use an aqueous electrolyte containing chloride ions (Cl － ) is preferably included.

[0095] The concentration of chloride ions in the aqueous electrolyte is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.0 μmol / L or more, more preferably 1.0 mmol / L or more, even more preferably 10 mmol / L or more, and preferably 1 mol / L or less, more preferably 0.8 mol / L or less, and even more preferably 0.6 mol / L or less. If the concentration of chloride ions in the aqueous electrolyte is 1.0 μmol / L or more, the power generation function of the power generation device can be improved. Furthermore, if the concentration of chloride ions in the aqueous electrolyte is 1 mol / L or less, corrosion of the separator and the like can be effectively suppressed.

[0096] <Example of power generation device> An example of the power generation device of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Figures 2 and 3. In the figures, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will not be repeated. Furthermore, the power generation device of the present invention is not limited to the example shown below.

[0097] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a power generation device of the present invention. The power generation device 100 in Fig. 2 includes a power generation device electrode 10, a counter electrode 20, and wiring 30. The power generation device electrode 10 has an electrode layer 12 provided on a portion of one surface (the upper surface of the support substrate 11 in Fig. 2) of a film-like support substrate 11. The counter electrode 20 faces the electrode layer 12 of the power generation device electrode 10. The wiring 30 connects the electrode layer 12 and the counter electrode 20.

[0098] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a power generation device of the present invention. The power generation device 100 in Fig. 3 includes a power generation device electrode 10, a counter electrode 20, wiring 30, and an aqueous electrolyte solution 40. The power generation device electrode 10 has an electrode layer 12 provided on a portion of one surface of a film-like supporting substrate 11 (the upper surface of the supporting substrate 11 in Fig. 2). The counter electrode 20 faces the electrode layer 12 of the power generation device electrode 10. The wiring 30 connects the electrode layer 12 and the counter electrode 20. The aqueous electrolyte solution 40 is in contact with the electrode layer 12 of the power generation device electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20.

[0099] <Application Field of Power Generation Device> The application field of the power generation device of the present invention is not particularly limited. The power generation device of the present invention can be mounted on various products such as everyday items (daily necessities) such as smart diapers, life jackets, and boots, and sporting goods. It can also be used to generate electricity from hot springs or seawater.

[0100] (Daily Commodities) Daily commodities of the present invention include the above-described power generating device of the present invention. Because the daily commodities of the present invention include the power generating device of the present invention, which has excellent performance, they can have excellent power generation performance.

[0101] The present invention will be specifically described below based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following description, "%" and "parts" representing amounts are based on mass unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, in a polymer prepared by synthesizing multiple types of monomers, the proportion of a monomer unit formed by polymerizing a certain monomer in the polymer usually coincides with the ratio (feed ratio) of that monomer to all monomers used in the polymerization of the polymer, unless otherwise specified. In the examples and comparative examples, detectability, wettability, and water resistance were evaluated by the following methods, respectively.

[0102] <Detectability> The electrodes for power generation devices prepared in the following Examples and Comparative Examples were punched out to a diameter of 12 mm, and the thickness d (μm) and the area S of the electrode layer of the punched specimens were measured. The specimens were immersed in water at 25°C for 10 minutes, and after immersion, the specimens were clamped between the load cell of a tension-compression testing machine ("SV-301NA" manufactured by Imada Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) and pressurized to a pressure of 20 MPa. A two-terminal clip was connected to the load cell, and the measurement cable was connected to a cyclic voltammetry measuring device ("HSV-110" manufactured by Hokuto Denko Corporation). Using the chronopotentiometry mode, a constant current I = 10 mA was passed through the load cell for 10 minutes, and the voltage V (V) at that time was measured. Resistance R (Ω) = V / I was calculated using Ohm's law, and volume resistivity ρ (Ω cm) = R × S / d was calculated to determine the volume resistivity ρ, which was then evaluated according to the following criteria. The smaller the volume resistivity ρ, the better the detectability of the electrode for a power generation device. A: less than 10 Ω·cm B: 10 Ω·cm or more and less than 30 Ω·cm C: 30 Ω·cm or more and less than 50 Ω·cm D: 50 Ω·cm or more

[0103] <Wettability> Test specimens were obtained by cutting the electrodes for power generation devices prepared in the following Examples and Comparative Examples into 1 cm x 1 cm pieces. Next, 3 μL of distilled water was dropped onto the electrode layer of the test specimen, and the contact angle of the water droplet formed 1 minute after the distilled water was dropped was measured using a contact angle meter (Model CA-DT-A, mfd. Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.) under conditions of a temperature of 23°C and a humidity of 50%. For three test specimens, the contact angle was measured at two points (a point on the left side and a point on the right side), and the average value of six measurements was taken as the contact angle and evaluated according to the following criteria. The smaller the contact angle, the better the wettability of the electrode for power generation devices. A: Contact angle less than 40° B: Contact angle 40° or more but less than 60° C: Contact angle 60° or more

[0104] <Water Resistance> Test specimens were cut into 5 cm x 5 cm squares from the electrodes for power generation devices prepared in the following Examples and Comparative Examples, and their weights X0 were measured. The test specimens were then immersed vertically in a beaker filled with a 1% NaCl aqueous solution and allowed to stand at 25°C for 24 hours. After standing, the test specimens were removed and vacuum-dried at 60°C for 24 hours, after which their weights X1 were measured. The electrode survival rate was calculated using the weights X0 and X1 according to the following formula (1), and evaluated according to the following criteria: Electrode survival rate (%) = (1 - X1 / X0) x 100 (1) A higher electrode survival rate indicates that the electrode for power generation devices better maintains its electrode structure even after immersion in an aqueous electrolyte solution, and has excellent water resistance to the aqueous electrolyte solution. A: Electrode survival rate is 90% or more B: Electrode survival rate is 80% or more but less than 90% C: Electrode survival rate is 60% or more but less than 80% D: Electrode survival rate is less than 60%

[0105] Example 1 Synthesis of Polymer A (Water-Insoluble Polymer) 74 parts of ion-exchanged water, 0.2 parts of sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether sulfonate, 1.0 parts of ammonium persulfate as a polymerization initiator, and 9.7 parts of ion-exchanged water were added to a 5 MPa pressure vessel equipped with a stirrer, and the mixture was heated to 70° C. and stirred for 30 minutes. Next, to a separate 5 MPa pressure vessel equipped with a stirrer, 75.0 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate as a (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester monomer, 22.0 parts of acrylonitrile as a nitrile group-containing monomer, 2.0 parts of itaconic acid as an acid group-containing monomer, 1.0 part of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate as a hydroxyl group-containing monomer, 0.8 parts of sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether sulfonate as an emulsifier, and 74 parts of ion-exchanged water were added and stirred to prepare an emulsion. The prepared emulsion was added successively from polymerization vessel B to polymerization vessel A over approximately 200 minutes, followed by stirring for approximately 180 minutes. When the monomer conversion reached 97% or more, the mixture was cooled to terminate the reaction. Thereafter, the pH was adjusted with a 4% aqueous NaOH solution, and unreacted monomer was removed by heating and vacuum distillation to obtain an aqueous dispersion (solids concentration 40%) containing a water-insoluble acrylic polymer as polymer A. The obtained aqueous dispersion had a pH of 8.0, and the acrylic polymer had a glass transition temperature of -17°C and a volume average particle size of 200 nm.

[0106] <Preparation of Slurry Composition for Electrode Layer> 100.0 parts of MgO (manufactured by Konoshima Chemical Co., Ltd., SL-WR, volume average particle diameter 9.8 μm) as a typical metal compound and 100.0 parts of Ketjen Black (manufactured by Lion Corporation, EC300J, volume average particle diameter 0.04 μm, specific surface area 800 m) as a conductive material were added to a planetary mixer. ２ / g) 10.0 parts, 2.0 parts of an aqueous solution (solid content concentration 1.5%) containing carboxymethyl cellulose (manufactured by Nippon Paper Chemicals Co., Ltd., MAC350HC) as polymer B (water-soluble polymer) in terms of solid content equivalent, and 10.0 parts of an aqueous dispersion (solid content concentration: 40%) containing the above-obtained polymer A (water-insoluble polymer) in terms of solid content equivalent were added, and then diluted with ion-exchanged water to a solid content of 45%. Then, the mixture was kneaded for 60 minutes at a rotation speed of 40 rpm to obtain a paste-like slurry. Ion-exchanged water was added so that the viscosity was 5000 ± 500 mPa s (measured at 60 rpm) to prepare a slurry composition for the electrode layer (preparation process).

[0107] <Preparation of Electrode> The slurry composition for electrode layer obtained above was applied to the surface of a 30 μm-thick PET film, which was a non-metallic support substrate, using a comma coater in an amount of 5.0 mg / cm. ２ The slurry composition was applied to the PET so that a coating film was formed (coating step). This coating was carried out so as to leave some areas uncoated with the slurry composition, ensuring that no electrode layer would be formed on the PET after drying. The PET with the coating film formed thereon was then transported at a speed of 0.3 m / min through an oven at 80°C for 2 minutes and then through an oven at 110°C for 2 minutes, thereby drying the coating film on the PET to form an electrode layer (drying step), and a power generation device electrode having a total thickness of 60 μm for the support substrate and electrode layer was obtained. The resulting power generation device electrode was used to evaluate its detectability, wettability, and water resistance. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0108] (Example 2) In preparing the slurry composition for an electrode layer, the amount of Ketjen black used as the conductive material was changed from 10.0 parts to 2.0 parts, and the same procedures and evaluations were carried out as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0109] (Example 3) In preparing the slurry composition for an electrode layer, the amount of Ketjen black used as the conductive material was changed from 10.0 parts to 28.0 parts, and the other operations and evaluations were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0110] Example 4 In preparing a slurry composition for an electrode layer, 100 parts of MgO (manufactured by Konoshima Chemical Co., Ltd., SL-WR, volume average particle size 9.8 μm) as a typical metal compound was added to CaCO ３ Various operations and evaluations were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of the granules was changed to 100 parts (Mamacalso, manufactured by Nitto Funka Kogyo Co., Ltd., volume average particle size 2.2 μm). The results are shown in Table 1.

[0111] Example 5 In preparing a slurry composition for an electrode layer, Ketjenblack (manufactured by Lion Corporation, EC300J, volume average particle diameter: 0.04 μm, specific surface area: 800 m) was used as a conductive material. ２ 10.0 parts of Ketjen Black (manufactured by Lion Corporation, EC600J, volume average particle diameter 0.04 μm, specific surface area 1270 m) ２ Except for changing the amount of the cellulose acetate solution to 10.0 parts (10.0 parts / g), various operations and evaluations were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0112] (Example 6) In preparing a slurry composition for an electrode layer, various operations and evaluations were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of the aqueous dispersion containing polymer A (solid content concentration: 40%) added, equivalent to the solid content, was changed from 10.0 parts to 2.0 parts. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0113] (Example 7) In preparing a slurry composition for an electrode layer, the amount of the aqueous dispersion containing polymer A (solid content concentration: 40%) added, equivalent to the solid content, was changed from 10.0 parts to 25.0 parts, and the procedures and evaluations were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0114] (Example 8) Various operations and evaluations were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in preparing the slurry composition for an electrode layer, an aqueous solution containing carboxymethyl cellulose (MAC350HC, manufactured by Nippon Paper Chemicals Co., Ltd.) was not used as polymer B. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0115] Comparative Example 1 Various operations and evaluations were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that MgO (manufactured by Konoshima Chemical Co., Ltd., SL-WR, volume average particle size 9.8 μm) was not used as the typical metal compound in preparing the slurry composition for the electrode layer. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0116] (Comparative Example 2) Various operations and evaluations were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the preparation of the slurry composition for an electrode layer, the aqueous dispersion containing polymer A and the aqueous solution containing carboxymethyl cellulose as polymer B were not used. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0117] In Table 1 below, "PET" represents polyethylene terephthalate, "KB" represents Ketjen Black, "AL" represents acrylic polymer, and "CMC" represents carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0118]

[0119] As is clear from Table 1, the electrodes for power generation devices of Examples 1 to 8 are excellent in detectability, wettability, and water resistance.

[0120] According to the present invention, an electrode for a power generation device having excellent detectability, wettability, and water resistance can be provided. Further, according to the present invention, an electrode pair for a power generation device including the above-mentioned electrode for a power generation device can be provided. Further, according to the present invention, a power generation device including the above-mentioned electrode for a power generation device can be provided. Further, according to the present invention, everyday items including the above-mentioned power generation device can be provided.

[0121] REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10 Electrode for power generation device 11 Support substrate 12 Electrode layer 20 Counter electrode 30 Wiring 40 Aqueous electrolyte 100 Power generation device

Claims

1. An electrode for a power generation device comprising a support substrate and an electrode layer provided on at least a portion of the surface of the support substrate, wherein the electrode layer contains a typical metal compound, a conductive material, and a binder.

2. The electrode for a power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the volume average particle size of the typical metal compound is 0.1 μm or more and 20 μm or less.

3. The specific surface area of ​​the conductive material is 500 m ２ / g or more 2000m ２ The electrode for a power generation device according to claim 1 , wherein the surface roughness is 0.1 μm or less.

4. The electrode for a power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of said conductive material to said typical metal compound is 0.001 or more and 1.0 or less.

5. The electrode for a power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the content of the binder is 0.2 parts by mass or more and 35 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of the typical metal compound.

6. The electrode for a power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the typical metal in the typical metal compound is an element of Group 2 of the periodic table.

7. The electrode for a power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the typical metal compound is an oxide.

8. An electrode pair for a power generation device, comprising the electrode for a power generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and a counter electrode.

9. A power generation device comprising the electrode for a power generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and a counter electrode.

10. The power generation device according to claim 9, further comprising a separator between the electrode layer of the power generation device electrode and the counter electrode.

11. The power generation device according to claim 9, further comprising an aqueous electrolyte in contact with the electrode layer of the power generation device electrode and the counter electrode.

12. The power generating device according to claim 11, wherein the aqueous electrolyte contains chloride ions.

13. A daily necessities comprising the power generation device according to claim 9.

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