Pesticidally active pyridopyrimidone compounds

Abstract

Compounds of formula (I) wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, and the agrochemically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers and N-oxides of those compounds, can be used as insecticides.

Description

109925 | 83182 FFPESTICIDALLY ACTIVE PYRIDOPYRIMIDONE COMPOUNDSTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to pesticidally active pyridopyrimidone compounds, e.g. as activeingredients, which have pesticidal activity, in particular insecticidally active pyridopyrimidone compounds. Theinvention also relates to the preparation of these pyridopyrimidone compounds, to intermediates useful in thepreparation of these pyridopyrimidone compounds, to the preparation of these intermediates, to agrochemicalcompositions which comprise at least one of these pyridopyrimidone compounds, to preparation of thesecompositions and to the use of these pyridopyrimidone compounds or compositions in agriculture orhorticulture, for controlling animal pests, including arthropods, and in particular insects or representatives of the order Acarina. BACKGROUND

[0002] WO 2019 / 215198 describes methods of applying certain heteroaryl-1,2,4-triazole compounds tocontrol damage on plants, plant propagation material thereof and plant-derived products. BRIEF SUMMARY

[0003] It has now surprisingly been found that certain novel pyridopyrimidone compounds have pesticidalactivity.

[0004] Hence, the present invention provides, in a first aspect, compounds of the formula (I)wherein A is CH or N; X0is oxygen or sulfur; R1is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6cyanoalkyl, C1-C3alkoxyC1-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3- C4cycloalkylC1-C2alkyl, or C1-C6alkoxycarbonyl; R2ais hydrogen, halogen, CN, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C5cyanoalkyl, C1-C5cyanoalkoxy, C1-C3alkylsulfanyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfanyl, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfinyl, C1-C3alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfonyl, or C3-C6cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, C1-C3alkyl, and C1-C3haloalkyl; R2bis halogen, CN, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C5cyanoalkyl, C1-C5cyanoalkoxy, C1-C3alkylsulfanyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfanyl, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfinyl, C1-109925 | 83182 FFC3alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfonyl, or C3-C6cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, C1-C3alkyl, and C1-C3haloalkyl; R3is C1-C3alkyl or C1-C3haloalkyl; R4is hydrogen, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, allyl, propargyl, C3-C6cycloalkylC1-C4alkyl, C1- C3cyanoalkyl, C3-C4cycloalkyl, C3-C4halocycloalkyl, cyanoC3-C4cycloalkyl, oxetan-3-yl, hydroxy, or C1- C3alkoxy; R5is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, or C3-C4cycloalkyl; or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer, or N-oxide of the compound of formula (I).

[0005] The present invention also provides a method of preparation of compounds of formula (I) as well asintermediate compounds useful in the preparation of compounds of formula (I).

[0006] In a second aspect, the present invention makes available a composition comprising a compound offormula (I) as defined in the first aspect, one or more auxiliaries and diluent, and optionally one or more other active ingredient.

[0007] In a third aspect, the present invention makes available a method of combating and controlling pests,such as insects, acarines, nematodes, or molluscs, which comprises applying to a pest, to a locus of a pest, or to a plant susceptible to attack by a pest a pesticidally, such as insecticidally, acaricidally, nematicidally, or molluscicidally, effective amount of a compound as defined in the first aspect or of a composition as defined in the second aspect.

[0008] In a fourth aspect, the present invention makes available a method for the protection of plantpropagation material from the attack by a pest, such as insects, acarines, nematodes, or molluscs, which comprises treating the propagation material or the site where the propagation material is planted, with aneffective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined in the first aspect or of a composition as defined inthe second aspect.

[0009] In a fifth aspect, the present invention makes available a plant propagation material, such as a seed,comprising, or treated with, or coated with, or adhered thereto, a compound of formula (I) as defined in the firstaspect or of a composition as defined in the second aspect.

[0010] The present invention in a further aspect provides a method of controlling parasites in or on an animalin need thereof comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined in the first aspect. The present invention further provides a method of controlling ectoparasites on an animal in needthereof comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined in the first aspect.The present invention further provides a method for preventing and / or treating diseases transmitted byectoparasites comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined in the firstaspect, to an animal in need thereof. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] Compounds of formula (I) which have at least one basic centre can form, for example, acid additionsalts, for example with strong inorganic acids such as mineral acids, for example perchloric acid, sulfuric acid,109925 | 83182 FFnitric acid, nitrous acid, a phosphorus acid or a hydrohalic acid, with strong organic carboxylic acids, such as C1-C4alkanecarboxylic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example by halogen, for example acetic acid, such as saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, for example oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid,maleic acid, fumaric acid or phthalic acid, such as hydroxycarboxylic acids, for example ascorbic acid, lacticacid, malic acid, tartaric acid or citric acid, or such as benzoic acid, or with organic sulfonic acids, such as C1-C4alkane- or arylsulfonic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example by halogen, for examplemethane- or p-toluenesulfonic acid. Compounds of formula (I) which have at least one acidic group can form,for example, salts with bases, for example mineral salts such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, forexample sodium, potassium or magnesium salts, or salts with ammonia or an organic amine, such asmor-pholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower-alkylamine, for example ethyl-, diethyl-, triethyl- ordimethylpropylamine, or a mono-, di- or trihydroxy-lower-alkylamine, for example mono-, di- or triethanolamine.

[0012] In each case, the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are in free form, in oxidizedform as a N-oxide or in salt form, e.g. an agronomically usable salt form.

[0013] N-oxides are oxidized forms of tertiary amines or oxidized forms of nitrogen containing heteroaromaticcompounds. They are described for instance in the book "Heterocyclic N-oxides" by A. Albini and S. Pietra, CRC Press, Boca Raton 1991.

[0014] The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention also include hydrates which may be formedduring the salt formation.

[0015] The term "C1-Cnalkyl" as used herein refers to a saturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbonradical attached via any of the carbon atoms having 1 to n carbon atoms, for example, any one of the radicals methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2, 2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, n-pentyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4- methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3- dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl, or 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl.

[0016] The term "C1-Cnhaloalkyl" as used herein refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radicalattached via any of the carbon atoms having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above), where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these radicals may be replaced by fluorine, chlorine, bromine and / or iodine, i.e., for example, any one of chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2-bromoethyl, 2- iodoethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro- 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2-fluoropropyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl, 2,3- difluoropropyl, 2-chloropropyl, 3-chloropropyl, 2,3-dichloropropyl, 2-bromopropyl, 3-bromopropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trichloropropyl, 2,2,3,3,3- pentafluoropropyl, heptafluoropropyl, 1-(fluoromethyl)-2-fluoroethyl, 1-(chloromethyl)-2-chloroethyl, 1-(bromomethyl)-2-bromoethyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 4-chlorobutyl, 4- bromobutyl or nonafluorobutyl. Accordingly "C1-C2fluoroalkyl" refers to a C1-C2alkyl radical which carries 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 fluorine atoms, for example, any one of difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl or pentafluoroethyl.109925 | 83182 FF

[0017] The term "C1-Cnalkoxy" as used herein refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radicalhaving 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above) which is attached via an oxygen atom, i.e., for example, any one of the radicals methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1-methylethoxy, n-butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxyor 1,1-dimethylethoxy. The term "haloC1-Cnalkoxy" as used herein refers to a C1-Cnalkoxy radical where oneor more hydrogen atoms on the alkyl radical is replaced by the same or different halo atom(s) - examplesinclude trifluoromethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 3-fluoropropoxy, 3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy, 4-chlorobutoxy.

[0018] The term "C1-Cncyanoalkyl" as used herein refers to a straight chain or branched saturated alkylradical having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above), where one of the hydrogen atoms in these radicals is replaced by a cyano group: for example, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanopropyl, 3-cyanopropyl, 1- (cyanomethyl)-2-ethyl, 1-(methyl)-2-cyanoethyl, 4-cyanobutyl, and the like.

[0019] The term "C3-Cncycloalkyl" as used herein refers to a saturated monocyclic hydrocarbon radicalattached via any of the ring carbon atoms and having 3 to n carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.

[0020] The term "cyanoC3-Cncycloalkyl" as used herein refers to a C3-Cncycloalkyl where one of thehydrogen atoms in these radicals is replaced by a cyano group.

[0021] The term "C3-Cncycloalkylcarbonyl" as used herein refers to a C3-Cncycloalkyl radical bonded to acarbonyl (C=O) group, which carbonyl group is connected to the rest of the molecule. Similarly the terms "C1- Cnalkylcarbonyl", "C1-Cnalkoxycarbonyl", "phenyloxycarbonyl" and "benzyloxycarbonyl" as used herein refers to an C1-Cnalkyl, C1-Cnalkoxy, phenyloxy and benzyloxy group bonded to a carbonyl (C=O) group, which carbonyl group is connected to the rest of the molecule.

[0022] The term "C3-C4cycloalkylC1-C2alkyl" as used herein refers to a cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl radicalbonded via a methylene or ethylene bridge to the rest of the molecule. When the C3-C4cycloalkylC1-C2alkylradical is substituted, the substituent(s) can be bonded to the C3-C4cycloalkyl radical and / or to the C1-C2alkyl bridge.

[0023] The term "C1-Cnalkylsulfanyl" as used herein refers to a C1-Cnalkyl moiety linked through a sulfuratom. Similarly, the term "C1-Cnhaloalkylthio" or "C1-Cnhaloalkylsulfanyl" as used herein refers to a C1-Cnhaloalkyl moiety linked through a sulfur atom. Similarly, the term "C3-Cncycloalkylsulfanyl" refers to 3-nmembered cycloalkyl moiety linked through a sulfur atom.

[0024] The term "C1-Cnalkylsulfinyl" as used herein refers to a C1-Cnalkyl moiety linked through the sulfuratom of the S(=O) group. Similarly, the term "C1-Cnhaloalkylsulfinyl " or "C1-Cnhaloalkylsulfinyl" as used hereinrefers to a C1-Cnhaloalkyl moiety linked through the sulfur atom of the S(=O) group. Similarly, the term "C3-Cncycloalkylsulfinyl" refers to 3-n membered cycloalkyl moiety linked through the sulfur atom of the S(=O)group.

[0025] The term "C1-Cnalkylsulfonyl" as used herein refers to a C1-Cnalkyl moiety linked through the sulfuratom of the S(=O)2 group. Similarly, the term "C1-Cnhaloalkylsulfonyl " or "C1-Cnhaloalkylsulfonyl" as usedherein refers to a C1-Cnhaloalkyl moiety linked through the sulfur atom of the S(=O)2 group. Similarly, the term"C3-Cncycloalkylsulfonyl" refers to 3-n membered cycloalkyl moiety linked through the sulfur atom of the S(=O)2group.109925 | 83182 FF

[0026] The term "C2-Cnalkenyl" as used herein refers to a straight or branched alkenyl chain having fromtwo to n carbon atoms and one or two double bonds, for example, ethenyl, prop-1-enyl, but-2-enyl.

[0027] The term "C2-Cnalkynyl" as used herein refers to a straight or branched alkynyl chain having fromtwo to n carbon atoms and one triple bond, for example, ethynyl, prop-2-ynyl, but-3-ynyl.

[0028] Halogen or "halo" is generally fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. This also applies, correspondingly,to halogen in combination with other meanings, such as haloalkyl.

[0029] The term "optionally substituted" as used herein means that the group referenced is eitherunsubstituted or is substituted by a designated substituent, for example, "C3-C4cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 halo atoms" means C3-C4cycloalkyl, C3-C4cycloalkyl substituted with 1 halo atom and C3-C4cycloalkyl substituted with 2 halo atoms.

[0030] As used herein, the term "controlling" refers to reducing the number of pests, eliminating pests and / orpreventing further pest damage such that damage to a plant or to a plant derived product is reduced.

[0031] As used herein, the term "pest" refers to insects, and molluscs that are found in agriculture,horticulture, forestry, the storage of products of vegetable origin (such as fruit, grain and timber); and thosepests associated with the damage of man-made structures. The term pest encompasses all stages in the lifecycle of the pest.

[0032] As used herein, the term "effective amount" refers to the amount of the compound, or a salt thereof,which, upon single or multiple applications provides the desired effect.

[0033] An effective amount is readily determined by the skilled person in the art, by the use of knowntechniques and by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances. In determining the effective amount a number of factors are considered including, but not limited to: the type of plant or derived product to be applied; the pest to be controlled & its lifecycle; the particular compound applied; the type of application; and other relevant circumstances.

[0034] As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, compounds of formula (I) contain a stereogeniccentre which is indicated with an asterisk in formula (I*) below:where A, R1, R2a, R2b, R3, R4, R5and X0are as defined in the first aspect.

[0035] The present invention contemplates both racemates and individual enantiomers. Compounds offormula (I') having a preferred stereochemistry are set out below:109925 | 83182 FF

[0036] Particularly preferred compounds of the present invention are compounds of formula (I’), where A,R1, R2a, R2b, R3, R4, R5 and X0 are as defined in the first aspect, and stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomersand N-oxides of the compounds of formula (I’), and agrochemically acceptable salts thereof.

[0037] Particularly preferred compounds of formula (I’) include compounds of formula (I’a) as shown below,where X0is oxygen, and A, R1, R2a, R2b, R3, R4and R5are as defined in the first aspect, and stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers and N-oxides of the compounds of formula (I*a), and agrochemically acceptable salts thereof:

[0038] Particularly preferred compounds of the present invention are compounds of formula (I), (I*), (I*a),and preferred compounds thereof of the formula (I’) and (I’a), where R3 is methyl, and where X0, A, R1, R2a,R2b, R4and R5are as defined in the first aspect. Preferred compounds, where X0is oxygen, are shown as compound of formula (I*b), where the stereogenic center is indicated with an asterisk, and preferred enantiomer of formula (I’b):

[0039] Also particularly preferred compounds of the present invention are compounds of formula (I), (I*),(I*a), and preferred compounds thereof of the formula (I’) and (I’a), where A is CH and where X0, R1, R2a, R2b,R3, R4and R5are as defined in the first aspect. Preferred compounds, where X0is oxygen and R3is methyl are109925 | 83182 FFshown as compound of formula (I*c), where the stereogenic center is indicated with an asterisk, and preferredenantiomer of formula (I’c):

[0040] As one of ordinary skill in the art will also appreciate, compounds of formula (I), wherein R4 ishydrogen and A, R1, R2a, R2b, R3, R5and X0are as defined in the first aspect, defining compounds of the formula (I-H), may exist in different tautomeric forms, as represented by the formulae (I-H1), (I-H2) or (I-H3). This invention covers all such tautomers and mixtures thereof in all proportions.

[0041] In preferred embodiments of tautomers (I-H1), (I-H2) and (I-H3), X0 is oxygen, as in compounds offormula (I*a) or (I’a), R3 is CH, as in compounds of formula (I*b) or (I’b), or A is CH, as in compounds of formula(I*c) or (I’c).

[0042] Embodiments according to the invention are provided as set out below.

[0043] In an embodiment of each aspect of the invention, A is N. In another embodiment of each aspect ofthe invention, A is CH. In a preferred embodiment of each aspect of the invention, A is CH.

[0044] In an embodiment of each aspect of the invention, X0 is oxygen (i.e. an oxygen atom). In anembodiment of each aspect of the invention, X0 is S (i.e. a sulfur atom). Preferably, in embodiments of eachaspect of the invention, X0is oxygen.

[0045] In an embodiment of each aspect of the invention, R1 is as follows:A. R1 is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6cyanoalkyl, C1-C3alkoxyC1-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C4cycloalkylC1-C2alkyl, or C1-C6alkoxycarbonyl; or B. R1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl-methyl; orC. R1 is hydrogen, methyl, or cyclopropylmethyl; orD. R1 is hydrogen or methyl; orE. R1 is methyl; orF. R1 is hydrogen.109925 | 83182 FF

[0046] In preferred embodiments of each aspects of the invention, R1 is hydrogen, methyl, orcyclopropylmethyl; or R1is hydrogen or methyl. More preferably, R1is hydrogen or methyl. Most preferably, R1is hydrogen.

[0047] In an embodiment of each aspect of the invention, R2a is as follows:A. R2a is hydrogen, halogen, CN, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C5cyanoalkyl, C1-C5cyanoalkoxy, C1-C3alkylsulfanyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfanyl, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfinyl, C1-C3alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfonyl, or C3-C6cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, C1-C3alkyl, and C1-C3haloalkyl; orB. R2a is hydrogen, halogen, CN, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C5cyanoalkyl, C1-C5cyanoalkoxy, C1-C3alkylsulfanyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfanyl, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl, C1- C3haloalkylsulfinyl, C1-C3alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfonyl, or C3-C6cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, methyl, or trifluoromethyl; orC. R2a is halogen, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C5cyanoalkyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfonyl, C3-C6cyclohaloalkyl, or cyanoC3-C6cycloalkyl; or D. R2a is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, C1-C3fluoroalkoxy, C1-C5cyanoalkyl, C1-C3fluoroalkylsulfonyl, or cyanoC3-C4cycloalkyl; or E. R2a is chloro, bromo, iodo, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, C1-C3fluoroalkoxy, C1-C5cyanoalkyl, C1-C3fluoroalkylsulfonyl, or cyanoC3-C4cycloalkyl; or F. R2a is chloro, bromo, iodo, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl,difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, cyanomethyl, 1-cyanoethyl, or 1-cyano-1-methyl-ethyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, 1-cyanocyclopropyl, or 2-cyanocyclopropyl; or G. R2a is chloro, bromo, iodo, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, 1-cyano-1-methyl-ethyl,trifluoromethylsulfonyl, or 1-cyanocyclopropyl; orH. R2a is chloro, bromo, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, or 1-cyanocyclopropyl; orI. R2a is chloro, bromo, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl; orJ. R2a is chloro, bromo, or difluoromethyl; orK. R2a is trifluoromethyl.

[0048] In an embodiment of each aspect of the invention, R2b is as follows:A. R2b is halogen, CN, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C5cyanoalkyl, C1-C5cyanoalkoxy, C1-C3alkylsulfanyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfanyl, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfinyl, C1-C3alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfonyl, or C3-C6cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, C1-C3alkyl, and C1-C3haloalkyl; or B. R2b is halogen, CN, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C5cyanoalkyl, C1-C5cyanoalkoxy, C1-C3alkylsulfanyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfanyl, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfinyl, C1- C3alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfonyl, or C3-C6cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, methyl, or trifluoromethyl; or C. R2b is halogen, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C3haloalkylsulfonyl, cyanoC3-C6cycloalkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl-C1-C4alkyl, or C1-C5cyanoalkyl; or109925 | 83182 FFD. R2b is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, C1-C3fluoroalkoxy, C1-C5cyanoalkyl, C1-C3fluoroalkylsulfonyl, or cyanoC3-C4cycloalkyl; orE. R2b is chloro, bromo, iodo, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, C1-C3fluoroalkoxy, C1-C5cyanoalkyl, C1-C3fluoroalkylsulfonyl, or cyanoC3-C4cycloalkyl; or F. R2b is chloro, bromo, iodo, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl,difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, cyanomethyl, 1-cyanoethyl, 1- cyano-1-methyl-ethyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, 1-cyanocyclopropyl, or 2-cyanocyclopropyl; or G. R2b is chloro, bromo, iodo, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 1-cyano-1-methyl-ethyl,trifluoromethylsulfonyl, or 1-cyanocyclopropyl; or H. R2b is chloro, bromo, iodo, difluoromethoxy, 1-cyano-1-methyl-ethyl, or 1-cyanocyclopropyl; orI. R2b is chloro, bromo, iodo, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ortrifluoromethylsulfonyl; or J. R2b is chloro, bromo, or iodo.

[0049] The skilled person will recognize that R2a and R2b are in symmetrical positions in the phenyl ring(when A is CH) or in the pyridine ring (when A is nitrogen), of compounds of formula (I). The broader definition of R2bdoes not include hydrogen.

[0050] In embodiments of each aspect of the invention, R2a and R2b are independently halogen, CN, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C5cyanoalkyl, C1-C5cyanoalkoxy, C1-C3alkylsulfanyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfanyl, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfinyl, C1-C3alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfonyl, or C3-C6cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, C1-C3alkyl, and C1-C3haloalkyl. Preferably, R2aand R2bare independently chloro, bromo, iodo, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, C1-C3fluoroalkoxy, C1-C5cyanoalkyl, C1-C3fluoroalkylsulfonyl, or cyanoC3-C4cycloalkyl. For instance, R2aand R2bare independently chloro, bromo, iodo, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, 1-cyano-1-methyl- ethyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, or 1-cyanocyclopropyl.

[0051] In preferred embodiments of each aspect of the invention, R2a and R2b are as follows:A. R2a and R2b are independently selected from the group consisting of chloro, bromo, iodo,difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, 1-cyano-1-methyl-ethyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, and 1- cyanocyclopropyl; or B. R2a is chloro, bromo, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, or 1-cyanocyclopropyl; and R2b is chloro, bromo,iodo, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 1-cyano-1-methyl-ethyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, or 1-cyanocyclopropyl; or C. R2a is chloro, bromo, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl; and R2b is chloro, bromo, iodo, trifluoromethyl,difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 1-cyano-1-methyl-ethyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, or 1-cyanocyclopropyl; or D. R2a is chloro, bromo, or difluoromethyl; and R2b is chloro, bromo, iodo, trifluoromethyl,difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, or trifluoromethylsulfonyl; or109925 | 83182 FFE. R2a is chloro, bromo, iodo, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, 1-cyano-1-methyl-ethyl,trifluoromethylsulfonyl, or 1-cyanocyclopropyl; and R2bis chloro, bromo, iodo, difluoromethoxy, 1- cyanocyclopropyl, or 1-cyano-1-methyl-ethyl; orF. R2a is chloro, bromo, iodo, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, 1-cyano-1-methyl-ethyl,trifluoromethylsulfonyl, or 1-cyanocyclopropyl; and R2bis chloro, bromo, iodo, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, or trifluoromethylsulfonyl; orG. R2a is chloro, bromo, iodo, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, 1-cyano-1-methyl-ethyl,trifluoromethylsulfonyl, or 1-cyanocyclopropyl; and R2bis chloro, bromo, iodo, or trifluoromethyl.

[0052] In an embodiment of each aspect of the invention, R3 is as follows:A. R3 is C1-C3alkyl or C1-C3haloalkyl; orB. R3 is methyl or trifluoromethyl; orC. R3 is methyl.

[0053] In preferred embodiments of each aspect of the invention, R3 is methyl.

[0054] In an embodiment of each aspect of the invention, R4 is as follows:A. R4 is hydrogen, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, allyl, propargyl, C3-C6cycloalkylC1-C4alkyl, C1-C3cyanoalkyl, C3-C4cycloalkyl, C3-C4halocycloalkyl, cyanoC3-C4cycloalkyl, oxetan-3-yl, hydroxy, or C1- C3alkoxy; orB. R4 is hydrogen, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C3-C6cycloalkylC1-C4alkyl, C1-C3cyanoalkyl, C3-C4halocycloalkyl, cyanoC3-C4cycloalkyl, or C1-C3alkoxy; or C. R4 is hydrogen, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, or C3-C4cycloalkylmethyl; orD. R4 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, or cyclopropyl-methyl; orE. R4 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, orcyclopropyl-methyl; or F. R4 is hydrogen, methyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, or cyclopropyl-methyl; orG. R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; orH. R4 is methyl.

[0055] In preferred embodiments of each aspect of the invention, R4 is hydrogen, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl,or C3-C6cycloalkylC1-C4alkyl; such as hydrogen, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3fluoroalkyl, or C3-C4cycloalkylmethyl. More preferably, R4is hydrogen, methyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, or cyclopropyl-methyl. In most preferred embodiments of each aspect of the invention, R4is methyl.

[0056] In an embodiment of each aspect of the invention, R5 is as follows:A. R5 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3alkyloxy; or C3-C4cycloalkyl; orB. R5 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3alkyl, or C3-C4cycloalkyl; orC. R5 is hydrogen, halogen, cyclopropyl, or cyclobutyl; orD. R5 is hydrogen, halogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, or ethoxy; orE. R5 is hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3alkyloxy; orF. R5 is hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3alkyl; orG. R5 is hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, methoxy, or ethoxy; or109925 | 83182 FFH. R5 is hydrogen, bromo, iodo, methyl, cyclopropyl, or methoxy; orI. R5 is hydrogen, bromo, iodo, methyl, or cyclopropyl; orJ. R5 is hydrogen.

[0057] In preferred embodiments of each aspect of the invention, R5 is hydrogen.

[0058] Accordingly, the present invention makes available a compound of formula (I) having the substituentsA, X0, R1, R2a, R2b, R3, R4 and R5 as defined above, in all combinations and each permutation. Examples ofsuch combinations and permutations are given in Tables C1 to C9 and Tables D1 to D9 below.

[0059] Tables C1 and C2: compounds of formula (I), where A is CH, X0 is oxygen, R1 is hydrogen, R3 ismethyl, R5 is hydrogen, and R2a, R2b, and R4 are as defined in the embodiments above:Embodiment R2a R2b R4 Embodiment R2a R2b R4C1-01 C C hydrogen C2-01 C C methylC1-02 D C hydrogen C2-02 D C methylC1-03 G C hydrogen C2-03 G C methylC1-04 H C hydrogen C2-04 H C methylC1-05 C E hydrogen C2-05 C E methylC1-06 D E hydrogen C2-06 D E methylC1-07 G E hydrogen C2-07 G E methylC1-08 H E hydrogen C2-08 H E methylC1-09 C G hydrogen C2-09 C G methylC1-10 D G hydrogen C2-10 D G methylC1-11 G G hydrogen C2-11 G G methylC1-12 H G hydrogen C2-12 H G methylC1-13 C H hydrogen C2-13 C H methylC1-14 D H hydrogen C2-14 D H methylC1-15 G H hydrogen C2-15 G H methylC1-16 H H hydrogen C2-16 H H methylTable C1 Table C2

[0060] Tables C3 and C4: compounds of formula (I), where A is CH, X0 is oxygen, R1 is methyl, R3 is methyl,R5is hydrogen, and R2a, R2b, and R4are as defined in Tables C1 and C2 respectively.

[0061] Tables C5 and C6: compounds of formula (I), where A is CH, X0 is oxygen, R1 is cyclopropylmethyl,R3 is methyl, R5 is hydrogen, and R2a, R2b, and R4 are as defined in Tables C1 and C2 respectively.

[0062] Tables C7, C8 and C9: compounds of formula (I), where A is CH, X0 is oxygen, R1 is hydrogen,methyl, or cyclopropylmethyl, R2aand R2bare as defined in Tables C1, R3is methyl, R4is cyclopropyl-methyl, and R5is hydrogen.

[0063] Tables D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, and D9, where A is N, and where X0, R1, R2a, R2b, R3, R4,and R5are as defined in Tables C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9, respectively. Synthesis109925 | 83182 FF

[0064] Compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by those skilled in the art following known methods. Morespecifically compounds of formulae (I), (I’) and (I’a), and intermediates therefor, can be prepared as described below in the schemes and examples. Certain stereogenic centers have been left unspecified for the clarity and are not intended to limit the teaching of the schemes in any way.

[0065] Compounds of formula (I), wherein R1, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined in the first aspect, can be made,for example, as shown in Scheme 1.Scheme 1 T representshave the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), and where the staggered line represents the connection to the remainder of the compounds of the formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (II), (IV), (IVa), (X), (XI), in Schemes 1 to 6.

[0066] Compounds of the formula (I) can be made, for example, by reaction of a compound of the formula(II), wherein X1is hydroxy or a leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, for instance chloride, and wherein T has the meaning given above, with a compound of formula (III), or a salt thereof (such as a hydrohalide salt, preferably a hydrochloride or a hydrobromide salt, or a trifluoroacetic acid salt, or any other equivalent salt), wherein R1, R3, R4and R5have the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I). In the case that X1is hydroxy, it may be advantageous to carry out the reaction in the presence of a dehydration reagent, for instance a peptide coupling reagent, such as, for example, a carbodiimide, HATU (1-[bis(dimethylamino)-methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate, also knownas Hexafluorophosphate Azabenzotriazole Tetramethyl Uronium), PyBOP (benzotriazol-1- yloxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate) or propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (T3P®). Such reactions can be conducted neat or in a solvent, preferably in a solvent, such as an organic solvent, for instance acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, N,N-dimethylacetamide or N,N-dimethylformamide, in a temperature range of -100 to +300 °C, preferably between 0°C and 200 °C, with orwithout the presence of a catalyst, for instance an acylation catalyst, such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and with or without the addition of a base, such as an inorganic base, for instance sodium, potassium or cesium carbonate, or an organic base, such as, for example, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or pyridine.

[0067] Compounds of the formula (II) are either known, or they can be prepared by methods known to aperson skilled in the art. In particular, compounds of the formula (II) wherein X1is a leaving group, such as a109925 | 83182 FFhalogen, for instance chloride, can be formed by treatment of compounds of formula (II) wherein X1is hydroxy with, for example, oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride, in the presence of catalytic quantities of N,N- dimethylformamide (DMF), in inert solvents such as for instance dichloromethane (DCM) or tetrahydrofuran (THF), at temperatures between 0°C to 100°C, preferably around 25°C. Such methods are known to those skilled in the art and described for example in Tetrahedron 2005, 61 (46), 10827-10852.

[0068] Compounds of formula (III), or a salt thereof, wherein R1, R3, R4 and R5 have the same meaning asgiven above for compounds of the formula (I), can be made, for example, as shown in Scheme 2. Treatment of a compound of the formula (V), wherein R3, R4and R5have the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I) and X2is a leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, for instance bromide, with an amine of the formula (XXIII), or a salt thereof, wherein R1has the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula I, gives compounds of the formula (III), wherein R1,R3, R4and R5have the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I). The reaction can be conducted neat or in a solvent,preferably in a solvent, such as an organic solvent, for instance acetonitrile, in a temperature range of -100 to+300 °C, preferably between ambient temperature and 200 °C, with or without the addition of a base, such asan inorganic base, for instance potassium carbonate, or an organic base, such as, for example, triethylamine.

[0069] Alternatively, treatment of a compound of the formula (VII), wherein R3, R4 and R5 have the samemeaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), with an amine of the formula (XXIII), or a salt thereof, wherein R1has the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), gives compounds of the formula (III), wherein R1, R3, R4and R5have the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I). This reaction is done in the presence of a reducing agent, such as for example hydrogen, or a hydride, such as sodium borohydride, with or without a catalyst, such as a hydrogenation catalyst, for example palladium on carbon, with or without the presence of an acid, such as acetic acid, or a Lewis acid, such as zinc bromide or titanium(IV) isopropoxide, in a solvent or without a solvent, such as, for instance, methanol. The reaction canbe conducted in a temperature range of -100 to +300 °C, preferably between ambient temperature and 200 °C.Such methods, and the range of conditions to perform them, for the alkylation of amines and for the reductive alkylation of amines (e.g. in the presence of NaBH(OAc)3 or NaBH3CN, in a suitable solvent, preferably in acetic acid, at room temperature, analogous to WO2002 / 088073; or alternatively, by the use of a combination of Ti(i- OiPr)4 and NaBH4 as described in Synthesis 2003 (14), 2206) are well known to a person skilled in the art. The amines of formula (XXIII), or a salt thereof, wherein R1has the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), are either known, or they can be prepared by methods known to a person skilled in the art.109925 | 83182 FFScheme 3

[0070] Alternatively, compounds of formula (I) can be made, for example, by reaction of compound of theformula (IV), wherein T has the same meaning as given above in Scheme 1, and R1has the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), with a compound of the formula (V), wherein R3, R4and R5have the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), and X2is a leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, for instance chloride or bromide. The reaction can be conducted neat or in a solvent, preferably in a solvent, such as an organic solvent, for instance acetonitrile, in a temperature range of -100 to+300 °C, preferably between ambient temperature and 200 °C, with or without the addition of a base, such asan inorganic base, for instance potassium carbonate, or an organic base, such as, for example, triethylamine. Such methods for the alkylation of amines, and the range of conditions to perform them, are well known to a person skilled in the art.

[0071] Alternatively, a compound of the formula (I) can be made by reaction of a compound of the formula(IVa), wherein T has the same meaning as given above in Scheme 1, with a compound of the formula (VII), wherein R3, R4and R5have the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I). This reaction is done in the presence of a reducing agent, such as for example hydrogen, or a hydride, such as sodium borohydride, with or without a catalyst, such as a hydrogenation catalyst, for example palladium on carbon, with or without the presence of an acid, such as acetic acid, or a Lewis acid, such as zinc bromide, in a solvent or without a solvent, such as, for instance, methanol. The reaction can be conducted in a temperature range of-100 to +300 °C, preferably between ambient temperature and 200 °C. Such methods for the reductivealkylation of amines, and the range of conditions to perform them, are well known to a person skilled in the art.Scheme 4109925 | 83182 FF

[0072] Compounds of formula (V), wherein R3, R4 and R5 have the same meaning as given above forcompounds of the formula (I), and X2is a leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, can be made, for example, as shown in Scheme 4. Treatment of a compound of the formula (VIII), wherein R3, R4and R5have the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), with a halogenating agent, such as chlorine or bromine or N-bromosuccinimide, for example, gives compound of the formula (V), wherein the leaving group X2is a halogen, for instance chloride or bromide. This reaction is done with or without a solvent, preferably in a solvent, with or without an additive, such as a radical starter, such as, for example, benzoyl peroxide or azoisobutyronitrile. The reaction can be done with or without exposure to visible light, or to UV light, and it canbe conducted in a temperature range of -100 to +300 °C, preferably between ambient temperature and 200 °C.

[0073] Alternatively, a compound of the formula (VII), wherein R3, R4 and R5 have the same meaning asgiven above for compounds of the formula (I), can be treated with a reducing agent, followed by reaction with a sulfonyl chloride, for instance methanesulfonyl chloride, to give a compound of the formula (V), wherein the leaving group X2is a sulfonate, for instance a mesylate. This reaction can be done in a solvent, or without a solvent, in the presence of a base, such as an inorganic base, for instance potassium carbonate, or an organic base, such as an amine base, for instance trimethylamine, or without a base, and it can be conducted in atemperature range of -100 to +300 °C, preferably between ambient temperature and 200 °C. A suitablereducing agent could be, for example, hydrogen, or a hydride, such as sodium borohydride, with or without a catalyst, such as a hydrogenation catalyst, for example palladium on carbon, with or without the presence of an acid, such as acetic acid, or a Lewis acid, such as zinc bromide, in a solvent or without a solvent, such as,for instance, methanol. The reaction can be conducted in a temperature range of -100 to +300 °C, preferablybetween ambient temperature and 200 °C. Such methods for the halogenation, the reduction of carbonylcompounds and the sulfonylation of alcohols, and the range of conditions to perform them, are well known to a person skilled in the art. The compounds of the formula (VII) and the compounds of formula (VIII) are either known, or they can be prepared by methods known to a person skilled in the art.Scheme 5

[0074] Alternatively, compounds of formula (Ib), wherein T has the same meaning as given above in Scheme1, and R1, R3, R4and R5have the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), except that R1is different from hydrogen, can be made, for example, as shown in Scheme 5. A compound of the formula (Ia), wherein T has the same meaning as given above in Scheme 1, and R3, R4and R5have the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), can be reacted with a compound of the formula (VI), wherein109925 | 83182 FFR1has the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), except that R1is different from hydrogen, and wherein X3is a leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, for instance a chloride, bromide, iodide or mesylate, to give a compound of formula (Ib). This reaction can be conducted neat or in a solvent, preferably in a solvent, such as an organic solvent, for instance acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) orN,N-dimethyl-acetamide (DMA), or mixtures thereof, in a temperature range of -100 to +300 °C, preferablybetween ambient temperature and 200 °C, with or without the addition of a base, such as an inorganic base,for instance sodium, potassium or cesium carbonate, or an organic base, such as, for example, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or pyridine. Such methods for the derivatization of amines, and the range of conditions to perform them, are well known to a person skilled in the art. Compounds of the formula (VI), wherein R1has the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), except that R1is different from hydrogen, and wherein X3is a leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, for instance a chloride, bromide, iodide or mesylate, are either known, or they can be prepared by methods known to a person skilled in the art.Scheme 6

[0075] Compounds of formula (Ic), wherein T has the same meaning as given above in Scheme 1, and R3,R4and R5have the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), can be made, for example, as shown in Scheme 6. Reaction of a compound of the formula (II), wherein T has the same meaning as given above in Scheme 1 and wherein X1is hydroxy or a leaving group, such as a halogen or sulfonate, for instance chloride, with a compound of the formula (IX), or a salt thereof, wherein R3has the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), gives a compound of the formula (X), wherein T has the same meaning as given above in Scheme 1, and wherein R3has the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I). In the case that X1is hydroxy, it may be advantageous to carry out the reaction in the presence of a dehydration reagent, for instance a peptide coupling reagent, such as, for example, a carbodiimide, HATU(1-[bis(dimethylamino)-methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate, alsoknown as Hexafluorophosphate Azabenzotriazole Tetramethyl Uronium), PyBOP (benzotriazol-1- yloxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate) or propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (T3P®). The109925 | 83182 FFreaction can be conducted neat or in a solvent, preferably in a solvent, such as an organic solvent, for instance acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, N,N-dimethylacetamide or N,N-dimethylformamide, in a temperature range of -100 to +300 °C, preferably between ambient temperature and200 °C, with or without the presence of a catalyst, for instance an acylation catalyst, such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and with or without the addition of a base, such as an inorganic base, for instance sodium, potassium or cesium carbonate, or an organic base, such as, for example, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or pyridine.

[0076] Subsequent treatment of compound of the formula (X), wherein T has the same meaning as givenabove in Scheme 1, and wherein R3has the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I),with compounds of the formula (XIII), wherein R5 is hydrogen, C1-C3alkyl or C3-C4cycloalkyl (e.g. XIII is N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, also named DMF-DMA) gives a compound of the formula (XI), wherein T has the same meaning as given above in Scheme 1, R3has the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), and in which R5is hydrogen, C1-C3alkyl or C3-C4cycloalkyl. This reaction can be conducted neat or in a solvent, preferably in a solvent, such as an organic solvent, for instance dichloromethane,tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran or dioxane, in a temperature range of -100 to +300 °C, preferablybetween ambient temperature and 100 °C, or between ambient temperature and 50 °C, without a base or inthe presence of a base, such as an inorganic base, for instance sodium, potassium or cesium carbonate, or an organic base, such as, for example, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or pyridine.

[0077] Further reaction of compound of the formula (XI), wherein T has the same meaning as given abovein Scheme 1, R3has the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), and in which R5is hydrogen, C1-C3alkyl or C3-C4cycloalkyl, with a hydrazine compound of the formula (XII) or a tautomer thereof, or a salt thereof, wherein R4has the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), gives the compound of the formula (Ic), wherein T has the same meaning as given above in Scheme 1, R3and R4have the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), and in which R5is hydrogen, C1-C3alkyl or C3-C4cycloalkyl. This reaction can be conducted neat or in a solvent, preferably in a solvent, such as an organic solvent, for instance 2-methyltetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane, or acetic acid, or a mixture thereof, optionally in the presence of a drying agent, such as for example molecular sieves, in a temperature range of-100 to +300 °C, preferably between ambient temperature and 200 °C, or between ambient temperature and80 °C. Within this sequence of transformations, the intermediate compounds of formula (X) and of formula (XI)can be used as crude products for the subsequent step, or they can be purified, for instance by chromatography, and used in purified form for the next transformation.

[0078] Compounds of the formula (IX), or a salt thereof, wherein R3 has the same meaning as given abovefor compounds of the formula (I), are either known, or they can be prepared by methods known to a person skilled in the art.109925 | 83182 FFScheme 7

[0079] Compounds of the formula (XII) or a tautomer thereof, or a salt thereof (such as a hydrohalide salt,preferably a hydrochloride or a hydrobromide salt, or a trifluoroacetic acid salt, or any other equivalent salt), wherein R4has the same meaning as given above for compounds of the formula (I), may be made (Scheme 7) by treatment of compounds of the formula (XIV), in which R4has the same meaning as defined above for compounds of the formula (I), and X4is a leaving group, such as for example a halogen, a sulfonate, C1- C4alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4alkylsulfinyl or C1-C4alkylsulfonyl, with hydrazine or with hydrazine hydrate, or salts thereof. The reaction can be carried out neat or in a solvent, such as for instance water, or alcohols such asmethanol or ethanol, or cyclopentyl methyl ether, at a temperature between -100 °C and 200 °C, morecommonly between 0 °C and 150 °C, such as, for example, at 100 °C.

[0080] Alternatively, compounds of formula (XIV), in which R4 has the same meaning as defined above forcompounds of formula (I), and X4is a leaving group, such as for example a halogen, a sulfonate, C1- C4alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4alkylsulfinyl or C1-C4alkylsulfonyl, can be treated with tert-butyl carbazate (H2N-NH-CO2-tert-Bu) to yield compounds of formula (XV), or a tautomer thereof, wherein R4 has the same meaning asdefined above for compounds of formula (I). The reaction can be carried out neat or in a solvent, such as for instance water, or alcohols such as methanol or ethanol, or cyclopentyl methyl ether, acetonitrile ordimethylformamide, or mixtures thereof, at a temperature between -100 °C and 200 °C, more commonlybetween 0 °C and 150 °C, such as, for example, at 100 °C. Subsequently, compounds of formula (XV), or atautomer thereof, wherein R4 has the same meaning as defined above for compounds of formula (I), can bedeprotected to lead to compounds of formula (XII) or a tautomer thereof, or salts thereof.

[0081] The deprotection can be performed under acidic conditions, using mineral acids, like hydrogenchloride or hydrogen bromide, or sulfuric acid or sulfonic acid, like methanesulfonic acid, or organic acids like trifluoroacetic acid. The reaction can be performed neat or in a solvent like dichloromethane, toluene,chlorobenzene, trifluorotoluene, cyclopentyl methyl ether or ethyl acetate, at temperatures ranging from -50°Cto 150°C, preferably between 0°C and 100°C, such as, for example, at room temperature. Compounds of formula (XII) obtained in this way are in form of a salt of the corresponding acid used, but the free base can beobtained after treatment with a base, such as aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate, for example.

[0082] Alternatively, compounds of formula (XV), or a tautomer thereof, wherein R4 has the same meaningas defined above for compounds of formula (I), can be prepared by reacting compounds of formula (XIV), in which R4has the same meaning as defined above for compounds of formula (I), and X4is a leaving group,109925 | 83182 FFsuch as for example a halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine, with tert-butyl carbazate (H2N-NH-CO2-tert-Bu) under metal catalysis, for instance palladium catalysis (in analogy to descriptions found for example in Org. Lett. 2010, 12(4):792-795), optionally under conditions of miscellar palladium catalysis. The catalyst may comprise, for example palladium(II) acetate, bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0) (Pd(dba)2) or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, optionally in form of a chloroform adduct), or a palladium pre-catalyst such as for example tert-BuBrettPhos Pd G3 [(2-Di-tert-butylphosphino-3,6-dimethoxy-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)-2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II) methanesulfonate or BrettPhos Pd G3 [(2-di-cyclohexylphosphino-3,6-dimethoxy-2′,4′,6′- triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)-2-(2′-amino-1,1′ -biphenyl)]palladium(II)methanesulfonate, optionally in the presence of a ligand, for example BINAP, SPhos, XPhos, tert-BuBrettPhos,Josiphos or Xantphos. Preferably the reaction is conducted in the presence of a base, such as sodium,potassium or cesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide or potassium phosphate, in an inert solvent, such astetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide,N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide or water, or mixtures thereof, at temperatures between room temperature and 180°C, optionally under microwave irradiation. In the instance of miscellar catalysis, such reactions are preferably conducted in water, containing 2-15% w / w in H2O of either PTS (polyoxyethanyl-α- tocopheryl sebacate), TPGS (DL-α-tocopherol methoxypolyethylene glycol succinate; TPGS-750-M) or SPGS (β-sitosterol methoxyethyleneglycol succinate, otherwise known as Nok; SPGS-550-M), some of which are commercially available as aqueous solutions (e.g. CAS 1309573-60-1), in analogy to descriptions found for example in J. Org. Chem.2014, 79(3):888-900.

[0083] Compounds of formula (XII) and of formula (XV), in which R4 has the same meaning as defined abovefor compounds of formula (I), are novel and are part of the present invention.

[0084] Compounds of the formula (XII) or a salt thereof, wherein R4 has the same meaning as given abovefor compounds of the formula (I), may exist in different tautomeric forms, such as (XIIa) and / or (XIIb), or salts thereof, in which R4has the same meaning as defined above for compounds of the formula (I):.

[0085] This invention covers all such tautomers and mixtures thereof in all proportions.Scheme 8109925 | 83182 FF

[0086] Compounds of the formula (XIV), wherein R4 has the same meaning as defined above for compoundsof the formula (I), and X4is a leaving group, such as for example a halogen, a sulfonate, C1-C4alkylsulfanyl, C1- C4alkylsulfinyl or C1-C4alkylsulfonyl, can be obtained (Scheme 8) by treating compounds of formula (XVI), or a tautomer thereof, in which X4is a leaving group, such as for example a halogen, a sulfonate, C1-C4alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4alkylsulfinyl or C1-C4alkylsulfonyl, with compounds of formula (XVII), in which R4has the same meaning as defined above for compounds of formula (I) and X5is a leaving group, such as for example a halogen, like chlorine, bromine or iodine, or a a sulfonate, like mesylate or tosylate. The reaction can be performed neat or in a organic solvent, like acetonitrile or N,N-dimethylformamide, at a temperature between 0°C and the boiling point of the reaction mixture, preferably between ambient temperature and 80°C and can be performed inpresence of a base, like potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate. Analogous reactions are described in theliterature, for example by Maiden T. M. et al; Org. Biomol. Chem. (2018), 16(22), 4159-4169, or by Guo Jungsong et al; Eur. J. Med. Chem. (2020), 187, 111941. Compounds of formula (XVII) are known or even commercially available, or they can be made by known methods.

[0087] Alternatively, compounds of formula (XIV), wherein R4 has the same meaning as defined forcompounds of formula (I), and X4is a leaving group, such as for example a halogen, a sulfonate, C1- C4alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4alkylsulfinyl or C1-C4alkylsulfonyl, can be obtained by treating compounds of formula (XVI), or a tautomer thereof, in which X4is a leaving group, such as for example a halogen, a sulfonate, C1- C4alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4alkylsulfinyl or C1-C4alkylsulfonyl, with compounds of formula (XVIII), in which R4has the same meaning as defined above for compounds of formula (I). The reaction can be performed neat or in an organic solvent, like dimethylformamide, optionally in presence of a base, like cesium carbonate, at a temperature generally comprised between 0°C and the boiling point of the reaction mixture, preferably between ambient temperature and 120°C. Analogous reactions are described in the literature, for example by BunkerAmy Mae et al; WO 2005 / 016926. Compounds of formula (XVIII) are known or even commercially available,or they can be made by known methods.

[0088] Compounds of formula (XVI), or a tautomer thereof, in which X4 is a leaving group, such as forexample a halogen, a sulfonate, C1-C4alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4alkylsulfinyl or C1-C4alkylsulfonyl, are known or even commercially available, or they can be made by known methods described in the literature. For instance, the compound of formula (XVI), wherein X4is chlorine, is commercially available (CAS RN: 171178-47-5).

[0089] Compounds of formula (XVI), in which X4 is a leaving group, such as for example a halogen, asulfonate, C1-C4alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4alkylsulfinyl or C1-C4alkylsulfonyl, may exist in different tautomeric forms, such as (XVIa) and / or (XVIb). When formula (XVI) is represented, it encompasses all such tautomers and mixtures thereof in all proportions.109925 | 83182 FF

[0090] Compounds of the formula (XXII), wherein R3, R4 and R5 are as defined for compounds of the formula(I), can be made (Scheme 9) from compounds of the formula (XXI), wherein R3, R4and R5are as defined for compounds of the formula (I) and X- is an anion, by treatment with a base, such as for example, a hydroxide base or a carbonate base, for instance sodium hydroxide or potassium carbonate, or an ion exchange resin.Such procedures are well known to a person skilled in the art, and known from the literature and text books.

[0091] The anion X- is the conjugate base of an acid, such as an inorganic acid, for instance hydrochloricacid, hydrobromic acid, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen iodide, sulfuric acid, or the like, or of an organic acid, such as a carboxylic acid or a sulfonic acid, for instance trifluoroacetic acid, or methane sulfonic acid, or para-toluene sulfonic acid. A great number of such acids are known to a person skilled in the art.

[0092] Compounds of the formula (XXI), wherein R3, R4 and R5 are as defined for compounds of the formula(I), can be made from compounds of the formula (XX), wherein R3, R4and R5are as defined for compounds of the formula (I), by treatment with an acid, such as the acids listed above. The reaction can be done neat or in a solvent, for instance an organic solvent, such as in methanol, cyclopentyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2- methyltetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane or in dioxane, or in an inorganic solvent, such as in water, or in amixture of such solvents. The reaction can be done in a temperature range between -100 °C and 200 °C, morecommonly between 0 °C and 150 °C, such as, for example, at ambient temperature.

[0093] Compounds of the formula (XX), wherein R3, R4 and R5 are as defined for compounds of the formula(I), can be made from compounds of the formula (XII) or a tautomer thereof, or a salt thereof, in which R4 is asdefined for compounds of the formula (I), by treatment with compounds of the formula (XIX), wherein R3and R5are as defined for compounds of the formula (I), under analogous conditions already described above in Scheme 6 (transformation XI + XII into Ic).109925 | 83182 FF

[0094] Compounds of the formula (XIX), wherein R3 and R5 are as defined for compounds of the formula (I),are known, for instance from WO2021 / 083936 or WO2021 / 165195, or they can be made in analogy to descriptions found therein.

[0095] Compounds of the formula (I’a-1)can be prepared by the reaction of an amine of the formula (IIIa), or a salt thereof,wherein R1, R4 and R5 are as described in formula (I), with a compound of the formula (IIa)wherein A, R2a and R2b are as described in formula (I) and X1 is hydroxy or a leaving group, such as ahalogen or a sulfonate, for instance chloride, under conditions already described in Scheme 1.

[0096] Depending on the procedure or the reaction conditions, the reactants can be reacted in the presenceof a base. Examples of suitable bases are alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal amides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal acetates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal dialkylamides or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkylsilylamides, alkylamines, alkylenediamines, free or N-alkylated saturated or unsaturated cycloalkylamines, basic heterocycles, ammonium hydroxides and carbocyclic amines. Examples which may be mentioned are sodium hydroxide, sodium hydride, sodium amide, sodium methoxide, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, potassium tert- butoxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydride, lithium diisopropylamide, potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, calcium hydride, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, triethylenediamine, cyclohexylamine, N-cyclohexyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N,N-diethylaniline, pyridine, 4-(N,N-109925 | 83182 FFdimethylamino)pyridine, quinuclidine, N-methylmorpholine, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and 1,8- diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU).

[0097] The reactants can be reacted with each other as such, i.e. without adding a solvent or diluent. In mostcases, however, it is advantageous to add an inert solvent or diluent or a mixture of these. If the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base, bases which are employed in excess, such as triethylamine, pyridine, N- methylmorpholine or N,N-diethylaniline, may also act as solvents or diluents.

[0098] The reactions are advantageously carried out in a temperature range from approximately -80°C toapproximately +140°C, preferably from approximately -30°C to approximately +100°C, in many cases in the range between ambient temperature and approximately +80°C.

[0099] Depending on the choice of the reaction conditions and starting materials which are suitable in eachcase, it is possible, for example, in one reaction step only to replace one substituent by another substituent according to the invention, or a plurality of substituents can be replaced by other substituents according to the invention in the same reaction step.

[0100] Salts of compounds of formula (I) can be prepared in a manner known per se. Thus, for example,acid addition salts of compounds of formula (I) are obtained by treatment with a suitable acid or a suitable ion exchanger reagent and salts with bases are obtained by treatment with a suitable base or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent.

[0101] Salts of compounds of formula (I) can be converted in the customary manner into the free compoundsI, acid addition salts, for example, by treatment with a suitable basic compound or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent and salts with bases, for example, by treatment with a suitable acid or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent.

[0102] Salts of compounds of formula (I) can be converted in a manner known per se into other salts ofcompounds of formula (I), acid addition salts, for example, into other acid addition salts, for example by treatment of a salt of inorganic acid such as hydrochloride with a suitable metal salt such as a sodium, barium or silver salt, of an acid, for example with silver acetate, in a suitable solvent in which an inorganic salt which forms, for example silver chloride, is insoluble and thus precipitates from the reaction mixture.

[0103] Depending on the procedure or the reaction conditions, the compounds of formula (I), which havesalt-forming properties can be obtained in free form or in the form of salts.

[0104] The compounds of formula (I) and, where appropriate, the tautomers thereof, in each case in freeform or in salt form, can be present in the form of one of the isomers which are possible or as a mixture of these, for example in the form of pure isomers, such as antipodes and / or diastereomers, or as isomer mixtures, such as enantiomer mixtures, for example racemates, diastereomer mixtures or racemate mixtures, depending on the number, absolute and relative configuration of asymmetric carbon atoms which occur in the molecule and / or depending on the configuration of non-aromatic double bonds which occur in the molecule; the invention relates to the pure isomers and also to all isomer mixtures which are possible and is to be understood in each case in this sense hereinabove and hereinbelow, even when stereochemical details are not mentioned specifically in each case.109925 | 83182 FF

[0105] Diastereomer mixtures or racemate mixtures of compounds of formula (I), in free form or in salt form,which can be obtained depending on which starting materials and procedures have been chosen can beseparated in a known manner into the pure diastereomers or racemates on the basis of the physicochemicaldifferences of the components, for example by fractional crystallization, distillation and / or chromatography.

[0106] Enantiomer mixtures, such as racemates, which can be obtained in a similar manner can be resolvedinto the optical antipodes by known methods, for example by recrystallization from an optically active solvent, by chromatography on chiral adsorbents, for example high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on acetyl cellulose, with the aid of suitable microorganisms, by cleavage with specific, immobilized enzymes, via the formation of inclusion compounds, for example using chiral crown ethers, where only one enantiomer is complexed, or by conversion into diastereomeric salts, for example by reacting a basic end-product racemate with an optically active acid, such as a carboxylic acid, for example camphor, tartaric or malic acid, or sulfonic acid, for example camphorsulfonic acid, and separating the diastereomer mixture which can be obtained in this manner, for example by fractional crystallization based on their differing solubilities, to give the diastereomers, from which the desired enantiomer can be set free by the action of suitable agents, for example basic agents.

[0107] Pure diastereomers or enantiomers can be obtained according to the invention not only by separatingsuitable isomer mixtures, but also by generally known methods of diastereoselective or enantioselective synthesis, for example by carrying out the process according to the invention with starting materials of a suitable stereochemistry.

[0108] N-oxides can be prepared by reacting a compound of the formula (I) with a suitable oxidizing agent,for example the H2O2 / urea adduct in the presence of an acid anhydride, e.g. trifluoroacetic anhydride. Suchoxidations are known from the literature, for example from J. Med. Chem., 32 (12), 2561-73, 1989 or WO2000 / 15615.

[0109] It is advantageous to isolate or synthesize in each case the biologically more effective isomer, forexample enantiomer or diastereomer, or isomer mixture, for example enantiomer mixture or diastereomer mixture, if the individual components have a different biological activity.

[0110] The compounds of formula (I) and, where appropriate, the tautomers thereof, in each case in freeform or in salt form, can, if appropriate, also be obtained in the form of hydrates and / or include other solvents, for example those which may have been used for the crystallization of compounds which are present in solid form.

[0111] The compounds of formula (I) according to the following Tables A-1 to A-15 can be preparedaccording to the methods described above. The examples which follow are intended to illustrate the invention and show preferred compounds of formula (I), in the form of a compound of formula (I-A).109925 | 83182 FFline represents the connection to the remainderof the compound of formula I-A, as defined under Scheme 1 above.Tables A-1 to A-15 (Formula I-A)

[0112] Table A-1 provides 25 compounds A-1.001 to A-1.025 of formula I-A wherein R1 is H, R3 is CH3, R4is CH3 and T are as defined in table Z. For example, compound A-1.002 is1.002.

[0113] Table A-2 provides 25 compounds A-2.001 to A-2.025 of formula I-A wherein R1 is H, R3 is CH3, R4is CH2CHF2 and T are as defined in table Z.

[0114] Table A-3 provides 25 compounds A-3.001 to A-3.025 of formula I-A wherein R1 is H, R3 is CH3, R4is CH2-cyclopropyl and T are as defined in table Z.

[0115] Table A-4 provides 25 compounds A-4.001 to A-4.025 of formula I-A wherein R1 is H, R3 is CH3, R4is CH2CH3 and T are as defined in table Z.

[0116] Table A-5 provides 25 compounds A-5.001 to A-5.025 of formula I-A wherein R1 is CH3, R3 is CH3,R4is CH3 and T are as defined in table Z.

[0117] Table A-6 provides 25 compounds A-6.001 to A-6.025 of formula I-A wherein R1 is CH3, R3 is CH3,R4cis CH2CHF2 and T are as defined in table Z.

[0118] Table A-7 provides 25 compounds A-7.001 to A-7.025 of formula I-A wherein R1 is CH3, R3 is CH3,R4is CH2-cyclopropyl and T are as defined in table Z.

[0119] Table A-8 provides 25 compounds A-8.001 to A-8.025 of formula I-A wherein R1 is CH3, R3 is CH3,R4is CH2CH3 and T are as defined in table Z.

[0120] Table A-9 provides 25 compounds A-9.001 to A-9.025 of formula I-A wherein R1 is CH2-cyclopropyl,R3is CH3, R4is CH3 and T are as defined in table Z.

[0121] Table A-10 provides 25 compounds A-10.001 to A-10.025 of formula I-A wherein R1 is CH2-cyclopropyl, R3is CH3, R4is CH2CHF2 and T are as defined in table Z.

[0122] Table A-11 provides 25 compounds A-11.001 to A-11.025 of formula I-Awherein R1 is CH2-cyclopropyl, R3is CH3, R4is CH2-cyclopropyl and T are as defined in table Z.

[0123] Table A-12 provides 25 compounds A-12.001 to A-12.025 of formula I-A wherein R1 is CH2-cyclopropyl, R3is CH3, R4is CH2CH3 and T are as defined in table Z.109925 | 83182 FF

[0124] Table A-13 provides 25 compounds A-13.001 to A-13.025 of formula I-A wherein R1 is H, R3 is CH3,R4is H and T are as defined in table Z.

[0125] Table A-14 provides 25 compounds A-14.001 to A-14.025 of formula I-A wherein R1 is CH3, R3 isCH3, R4is H and T are as defined in table Z.

[0126] Table A-15 provides 25 compounds A-15.001 to A-15.025 of formula I-A wherein R1 is CH2-cyclopropyl, R3is CH3, R4is H and T are as defined in table Z. Table Z: Substituent definitions of T Index T Index T Index T1 2 34 5 67 8 910 11 1213 14 15109925 | 83182 FFIndex T Index T Index T16 17 1819 20 2122 23 2425

[0127] In Tables A-1 to A-15, Cyp represents cyclopropyl.

[0128] Also made available are certain intermediate compounds (XII), (XIV), (XV), XX(i), XXI(i), and XXII(i),as shown in Schemes 1 to 9, some of which are novel. For example: ^A compound of the formula (XII), or a tautomer thereof, or a salt thereof, wherein R4 is as defined forcompounds of formula (I), for instance, where R4is as described in Tables A-1 to A-15; preferably where R4is methyl; ^A compound of the formula (XIV), or a tautomer thereof, or a salt thereof, wherein R4 is as defined forcompounds of formula (I), and X4is a halogen or a sulfonate or a C1-C4alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4alkylsulfinyl or C1-C4alkylsulfonyl; for instance, where R4is as described in Tables A-1 to A-15; preferably where R4is methyl; ^A compound of the formula (XV), or a tautomer thereof, or a salt thereof, wherein R4 is as defined forcompounds of formula (I), for instance, where R4 is as described in Tables A-1 to A-15; preferably whereR4is methyl;109925 | 83182 FF^provided compound of formula (XIV) is not- 6-chloro-3-methylpyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one [CAS 878743-46-5], nor- 6-fluoro-3-methylpyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one [CAS 2385060-38-6].^ A compound of the formula XX(i), XXI(i), or XXII(i): wherein R4 is as defined for compounds offormula (I), for instance, where R4is as described in Tables A-1 to A-15; preferably where R4is methyl; and wherein X- is an anion, i.e. the conjugate base of an acid, such as an inorganic acid, for instance hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen iodide, sulfuric acid, or the like, or of an organic acid, such as a carboxylic acid or a sulfonic acid, for instance trifluoroacetic acid, or methane sulfonic acid, or para-toluene sulfonic acid:

[0129] In a further aspect, the present invention also makes available compounds of formulae (III), (V), (VII),(VIII), (XX), (XXI), and (XXII), as shown in Schemes 1 to 9, some of which are novel, wherein in each case, as applicable, A, X0, R1, R2a, R2b, R3, R4and R5, RX, and RZare as defined for formula (I) in the first aspect, T is^A compound of the formula (III), or a tautomer thereof, or a salt thereof, wherein R1, R3, R4 and R5are as defined for compounds of formula (I), for instance where R1, R3, R4and R5are as described in Tables A-1 to A-15; preferably where R1is hydrogen, R3is methyl, R4is methyl, and R5is hydrogen;109925 | 83182 FF^ A compound of formula (V), or a tautomer thereof, or a salt thereof, wherein R1, R3, R4 and R5 are asdefined for compounds of formula (I), for instance where R1, R3, R4and R5are as described in Tables A-1 to A-15; preferably where R1is hydrogen, R3is methyl, R4is methyl, and R5is hydrogen; and X2is a leaving group, such as a halogen, for instance chloride or bromide, or a sulfonate, for instance a mesylate; ^A compound of the formula (VII), or a tautomer thereof, or a salt thereof, wherein R3, R4 and R5 areas defined for compounds of formula (I), for instance where R3, R4and R5are as described in Tables A-1 to A-15; preferably where R3is methyl, R4is methyl, and R5is hydrogen;(III) (V) (VII)^ A compound of the formula (VIII), or a tautomer thereof, or a salt thereof, wherein R3, R4 and R5 areas defined for compounds of formula (I), for instance where R3, R4and R5are as described in Tables A-1 to A-15; preferably where R3is methyl, R4is methyl, and R5is hydrogen; ^A compound of the formula (XX), or a tautomer thereof, or a salt thereof, wherein R3, R4 and R5 areas defined for compounds of formula (I), for instance where R3, R4and R5are as described in Tables A-1 to A-15; preferably where R3is methyl, R4is methyl, and R5is hydrogen; ^A compound of formula (XXI), or a tautomer thereof, or a salt thereof, wherein R3, R4 and R5 are asdefined for compounds of formula (I), for instance where R3, R4and R5are as described in Tables A-1 to A-15; preferably where R3is methyl, R4is methyl, and R5is hydrogen; and X- is an anion, namely the conjugate base of an acid, such as an inorganic acid, for instance hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen iodide, sulfuric acid, or the like, or of an organic acid, such as a carboxylic acid or a sulfonic acid, for instance trifluoroacetic acid, or methane sulfonic acid, or para-toluene sulfonic acid;(VIII) (XX) (XXI)109925 | 83182 FF^ A compound of the formula (XXII), or a tautomer thereof, or a salt thereof, wherein R3, R4 and R5 areas defined for compounds of formula (I), for instance where R3, R4and R5are as described in Tables A-1 to A-15; preferably where R3is methyl, R4is methyl, and R5is hydrogen;

[0130] In a further aspect, the present invention also makes available compounds of formulae (II), (IV), (IVa),(VI), (IX), (X), (XI), and (XVI), as shown in Schemes 1 to 9, some of which are novel, wherein in each case, as applicable, A, X0, R1, R2a, R2b, R3, R4and R5, RX, and RZare as defined for formula (I) in the first aspect, T isdefined above. For instance: ^A compound of formula (II) T-X1, wherein X1 is a leaving group, such as a halogen, hydroxy orsulfonate, for instance chloride; ^A compound of formula (VI) R1-X3, X3 is a leaving group, such as a halogen, for instance a chloride,bromide, iodide, or a sulfonate, for instance a mesylate. Pest control

[0131] The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are preventively and / or curatively valuableac-tive ingredients in the field of pest control, even at low rates of application, which have a very favorable biocidal spectrum and are well tolerated by warm-blooded species, fish and plants. The active ingredients according to the invention act against all or individual developmental stages of normally sensitive, but alsoresistant, animal pests, such as insects or representatives of the order Acarina. The insecticidal or acaricidalactivity of the active ingredients according to the invention can manifest itself directly, i.e. in destruction of the pests, which takes place either immediately or only after some time has elapsed, for example during ecdysis, or indirectly, for example in a reduced oviposition and / or hatching rate.

[0132] Examples of the above mentioned animal pests are:^ from the order Acarina, for example, Acalitus spp., Aculus spp., Acaricalus spp., Aceria spp., Acarussiro, Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia spp., Calipitrimerus spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Dermatophagoides spp., Eotetranychus spp., Eriophyes spp., Hemitarsonemus spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Olygonychus spp., Ornithodoros spp., Polyphagotarsone latus, Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Phytonemus spp.,109925 | 83182 FFPolyphagotarsonemus spp., Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Steneotarsonemus spp., Tarsonemus spp. and Tetranychus spp.; ^from the order Anoplura, for example, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp.,Pemphigus spp. and Phylloxera spp.; ^from the order Coleoptera, for example, Agriotes spp., Amphimallon majale, Anomala orientalis,Anthonomus spp., Aphodius spp., Astylus atromaculatus, Ataenius spp., Atomaria linearis, Chaetocnema tibialis, Cerotoma spp., Conoderus spp., Cosmopolites spp., Cotinis nitida, Curculio spp., Cyclocephala spp., Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Diloboderus abderus, Epilachna spp., Eremnus spp., Heteronychus arator, Hypothenemus hampei, Lagria vilosa, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus spp., Liogenys spp., Maecolaspis spp., Maladera castanea, Megascelis spp., Melighetes aeneus, Melolontha spp., Myochrous armatus, Orycaephilus spp., Otiorhynchus spp., Phyllophaga spp., Phlyctinus spp., Popillia spp., Psylliodes spp., Rhyssomatus aubtilis, Rhizopertha spp., Scarabeidae spp., Sitophilus spp., Sitotroga spp., Somaticus spp., Sphenophorus spp., Sternechus subsignatus, Tenebrio spp., Tribolium spp. and Trogoderma spp.; ^from the order Diptera, for example, Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Antherigona soccata, Bactroceaoleae, Bibio hortulanus, Bradysia spp., Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis spp., Chrysomyia spp., Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus spp., Delia spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Geomyza tripunctata, Glossina spp., Hypoderma spp., Hyppobosca spp., Liriomyza spp., Lucilia spp., Melanagromyza spp., Musca spp., Oestrus spp., Orseolia spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Rhagoletis spp., Rivelia quadrifasciata, Scatella spp., Sciara spp., Stomoxys spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp. and Tipula spp.; ^from the order Hemiptera, for example, Acanthocoris scabrator, Acrosternum spp., Adelphocorislineolatus, Aleurodes spp., Amblypelta nitida, Bathycoelia thalassina, Blissus spp., Cimex spp., Clavigralla tomentosicollis, Creontiades spp., Distantiella theobroma, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus spp., Edessa spp., Euchistus spp., Eurydema pulchrum, Eurygaster spp., Halyomorpha halys, Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp., Lygus spp., Margarodes spp., Murgantia histrionic, Neomegalotomus spp., Nesidiocoris tenuis, Nezara spp., Nysius simulans, Oebalus insularis, Piesma spp., Piezodorus spp., Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scaptocoris castanea, Scotinophara spp. , Thyanta spp ,Triatoma spp., Vatiga illudens, Acyrthosium pisum, Adalges spp., Agalliana ensigera, Agonoscena targionii, Aleurodicus spp., Aleurocanthus spp., Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleyrodes brassicae, Amarasca biguttula, Amritodus atkinsoni, Aonidiella spp., Aphididae, Aphis spp., Aspidiotus spp., Aulacorthum solani, Bactericera cockerelli, Bemisia spp., Brachycaudus spp., Brevicoryne brassicae, Cacopsylla spp., Cavariella aegopodii Scop., Ceroplaster spp., Chrysomphalusaonidium, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Cicadella spp., Cofana spectra, Cryptomyzus spp., Cicadulina spp., Coccus hesperidum, Dalbulus maidis, Dialeurodes spp., Diaphorina citri, Diuraphis noxia, Dysaphis spp., Empoasca spp., Eriosoma larigerum, Erythroneura spp., Gascardia spp., Glycaspis brimblecombei, Hyadaphis pseudobrassicae, Hyalopterus spp., Hyperomyzus pallidus, Idioscopus clypealis, Jacobiasca lybica, Laodelphax spp., Lecanium corni, Lepidosaphes spp., Lopaphis erysimi, Lyogenys maidis,109925 | 83182 FFMacrosiphum spp., Mahanarva spp., Metcalfa pruinosa, Metopolophium dirhodum, Myndus crudus, Myzus spp., Neotoxoptera sp, Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata spp., Nippolachnus piri Mats, Odonaspis ruthae, Oregma lanigera Zehnter, Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza cockerelli, Parlatoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Peregrinus maidis, Perkinsiella spp., Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudaulacaspis spp., Pseudococcus spp., Pseudatomoscelis seriatus, Psylla spp., Pulvinaria aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus spp., Quesada gigas, Recilia dorsalis, Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoideus spp., Schizaphis spp., Sitobion spp., Sogatella furcifera, Spissistilus festinus, Tarophagus Proserpina, Toxoptera spp., Trialeurodes spp., Tridiscus sporoboli, Trionymus spp., Trioza erytreae ,Unaspis citri, Zygina flammigera, Zyginidia scutellaris ; ^from the order Hymenoptera, for example, Acromyrmex, Arge spp., Atta spp., Cephus spp., Diprionspp., Diprionidae, Gilpinia polytoma, Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Neodiprion spp., Pogonomyrmex spp., Slenopsis invicta, Solenopsis spp. and Vespa spp.; ^from the order Isoptera, for example, Coptotermes spp., Corniternes cumulans, Incisitermes spp.,Macrotermes spp., Mastotermes spp., Microtermes spp., Reticulitermes spp.; Solenopsis geminata; ^from the order Lepidoptera, for example, Acleris spp., Adoxophyes spp., Aegeria spp., Agrotis spp.,Alabama argillaceae, Amylois spp., Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips spp., Argyresthia spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Autographa spp., Bucculatrix thurberiella, Busseola fusca, Cadra cautella, Carposina nipponensis, Chilo spp., Choristoneura spp., Chrysoteuchia topiaria, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocrocis spp., Cnephasia spp., Cochylis spp., Coleophora spp., Colias lesbia, Cosmophila flava, Crambus spp., Crocidolomia binotalis, Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Cydalima perspectalis, Cydia spp., Diaphania perspectalis, Diatraea spp., Diparopsis castanea, Earias spp., Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eldana saccharina, Ephestia spp., Epinotia spp., Estigmene acrea, Etiella zinckinella, Eucosma spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis spp., Euxoa spp., Feltia jaculiferia, Grapholita spp., Hedya nubiferana, Heliothis spp., Hellula undalis, Herpetogramma spp., Hyphantria cunea, Keiferia lycopersicella, Lasmopalpus lignosellus, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocollethis spp., Lobesia botrana, Loxostege bifidalis, Lymantria spp., Lyonetia spp., Malacosoma spp., Mamestra brassicae, Manduca sexta, Mythimna spp., Noctua spp., Operophtera spp., Orniodes indica, Ostrinia nubilalis, Pammene spp., Pandemis spp., Panolis flammea, Papaipema nebris, Pectinophora gossypiela, Perileucoptera coffeella, Pseudaletia unipuncta, Phthorimaea operculella, Pieris rapae, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prays spp., Pseudoplusia spp., Rachiplusia nu, Richia albicosta, Scirpophaga spp., Sesamia spp., Sparganothis spp., Spodoptera spp., Sylepta derogate, Synanthedon spp., Thaumetopoea spp., Tortrix spp., Trichoplusia ni, Tuta absoluta, and Yponomeuta spp.; ^from the order Mallophaga, for example, Damalinea spp. and Trichodectes spp.;^ from the order Orthoptera, for example, Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaeamaderae, Locusta spp., Neocurtilla hexadactyla, Periplaneta spp. , Scapteriscus spp., and Schistocercaspp.; ^from the order Psocoptera, for example, Liposcelis spp.;109925 | 83182 FF^ from the order Siphonaptera, for example, Ceratophyllus spp., Ctenocephalides spp. and Xenopsyllacheopis; ^from the order Thysanoptera, for example, Calliothrips phaseoli, Frankliniella spp., Heliothrips spp.,Hercinothrips spp., Parthenothrips spp., Scirtothrips aurantii, Sericothrips variabilis, Taeniothrips spp., Thrips spp; ^from the order Thysanura, for example, Lepisma saccharina.

[0133] In a further aspect, the invention may also relate to a method of controlling damage to plant and partsthereof by plant parasitic nematodes (Endoparasitic-, Semiendoparasitic- and Ectoparasitic nematodes),especially plant parasitic nematodes such as root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita,Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne arenaria and other Meloidogyne species; cyst-forming nematodes,Globodera rostochiensis and other Globodera species; Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heteroderaschachtii, Heterodera trifolii, and other Heterodera species; Seed gall nematodes, Anguina species; Stem andfoliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides species; Sting nematodes, Belonolaimus longicaudatus and otherBelonolaimus species; Pine nematodes, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other Bursaphelenchus species;Ring nematodes, Criconema species, Criconemella species, Criconemoides species, Mesocriconema species;Stem and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus destructor, Ditylenchus dipsaci and other Ditylenchus species; Awlnematodes, Dolichodorus species; Spiral nematodes, Heliocotylenchus multicinctus and other Helicotylenchusspecies; Sheath and sheathoid nematodes, Hemicycliophora species and Hemicriconemoides species;Hirshmanniella species; Lance nematodes, Hoploaimus species; false rootknot nematodes, Nacobbus species;Needle nematodes, Longidorus elongatus and other Longidorus species; Pin nematodes, Pratylenchusspecies; Lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus curvitatus,Pratylenchus goodeyi and other Pratylenchus species; Burrowing nematodes, Radopholus similis and otherRadopholus species; Reniform nematodes, Rotylenchus robustus, Rotylenchus reniformis and otherRotylenchus species; Scutellonema species; Stubby root nematodes, Trichodorus primitivus and otherTrichodorus species, Paratrichodorus species; Stunt nematodes, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni,Tylenchorhynchus dubius and other Tylenchorhynchus species; Citrus nematodes, Tylenchulus species;Dagger nematodes, Xiphinema species; and other plant parasitic nematode species, such as Subanguina spp.,Hypsoperine spp., Macroposthonia spp., Melinius spp., Punctodera spp., and Quinisulcius spp..

[0134] The compounds of the invention may also have activity against the molluscs. Examples of whichinclude, for example, Ampullariidae; Arion (A. ater, A. circumscriptus, A. hortensis, A. rufus); Bradybaenidae(Bradybaena fruticum); Cepaea (C. hortensis, C. nemoralis); Ochlodina; Deroceras (D. agrestis, D.empiricorum, D. laeve, D. reticulatum); Discus (D. rotundatus); Euomphalia; Galba (G. trunculata); Helicelia (H.itala, H. obvia); Helicidae (Helicigona arbustorum); Helicodiscus; Helix (H. aperta); Limax (L. cinereoniger, L.flavus, L. marginatus, L. maximus, L. tenellus); Lymnaea; Milax (M. gagates, M. marginatus, M. sowerbyi);Opeas; Pomacea (P. canaticulata); Vallonia and Zanitoides.

[0135] The active ingredients according to the invention can be used for controlling, i.e. containing ordestroying, pests of the abovementioned type which occur in particular on plants, especially on useful plants and ornamentals in agriculture, in horticulture and in forests, or on organs, such as fruits, flowers, foliage,109925 | 83182 FFstalks, tubers or roots, of such plants, and in some cases even plant organs which are formed at a later point in time remain protected against these pests.

[0136] Suitable target crops are, in particular, cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, maize orsorghum; beet, such as sugar or fodder beet; fruit, for example pomaceous fruit, stone fruit or soft fruit, such as apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries or berries, for example strawberries, raspberries or blackberries; leguminous crops, such as beans, lentils, peas or soya; oil crops, such as oilseed rape, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coco-nut, castor, cocoa or ground nuts; cucurbits, such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fibre plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or tangerines; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes or bell peppers; Lauraceae, such as avocado, Cinnamonium or camphor; and also tobacco, nuts, coffee, eggplants, sugarcane, tea, pepper, grapevines, hops, the plantain family and latex plants.

[0137] The compositions and / or methods of the present invention may be also used on any ornamentaland / or vegetable crops, including flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees and evergreens.

[0138] For example the invention may be used on any of the following ornamental species: Ageratum spp.,Alonsoa spp., Anemone spp., Anisodontea capsenisis, Anthemis spp., Antirrhinum spp., Aster spp., Begoniaspp. (e.g. B. elatior, B. semperflorens, B. tubéreux), Bougainvillea spp., Brachycome spp., Brassica spp.(ornamental), Calceolaria spp., Capsicum annuum, Catharanthus roseus, Canna spp., Centaurea spp.,Chrysanthemum spp., Cineraria spp. (C. maritime), Coreopsis spp., Crassula coccinea, Cuphea ignea, Dahliaspp., Delphinium spp., Dicentra spectabilis, Dorotheantus spp., Eustoma grandiflorum, Forsythia spp., Fuchsiaspp., Geranium gnaphalium, Gerbera spp., Gomphrena globosa, Heliotropium spp., Helianthus spp., Hibiscusspp., Hortensia spp., Hydrangea spp., Hypoestes phyllostachya, Impatiens spp. (I. Walleriana), Iresines spp.,Kalanchoe spp., Lantana camara, Lavatera trimestris, Leonotis leonurus, Lilium spp., Mesembryanthemumspp., Mimulus spp., Monarda spp., Nemesia spp., Tagetes spp., Dianthus spp. (carnation), Canna spp., Oxalisspp., Bellis spp., Pelargonium spp. (P. peltatum, P. Zonale), Viola spp. (pansy), Petunia spp., Phlox spp.,Plecthranthus spp., Poinsettia spp., Parthenocissus spp. (P. quinquefolia, P. tricuspidata), Primula spp.,Ranunculus spp., Rhododendron spp., Rosa spp. (rose), Rudbeckia spp., Saintpaulia spp., Salvia spp.,Scaevola aemola, Schizanthus wisetonensis, Sedum spp., Solanum spp., Surfinia spp., Tagetes spp., Nicotiniaspp., Verbena spp., Zinnia spp. and other bedding plants.

[0139] For example the invention may be used on any of the following vegetable species: Allium spp. (A.sativum, A.. cepa, A. oschaninii, A. Porrum, A. ascalonicum, A. fistulosum), Anthriscus cerefolium, Apiumgraveolus, Asparagus officinalis, Beta vulgarus, Brassica spp. (B. Oleracea, B. Pekinensis, B. rapa), Capsicumannuum, Cicer arietinum, Cichorium endivia, Cichorum spp. (C. intybus, C. endivia), Citrillus lanatus, Cucumisspp. (C. sativus, C. melo), Cucurbita spp. (C. pepo, C. maxima), Cyanara spp. (C. scolymus, C. cardunculus),Daucus carota, Foeniculum vulgare, Hypericum spp., Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon spp. (L. esculentum, L.lycopersicum), Mentha spp., Ocimum basilicum, Petroselinum crispum, Phaseolus spp. (P. vulgaris, P.coccineus), Pisum sativum, Raphanus sativus, Rheum rhaponticum, Rosemarinus spp., Salvia spp.,Scorzonera hispanica, Solanum melongena, Spinacea oleracea, Valerianella spp. (V. locusta, V. eriocarpa)and Vicia faba.109925 | 83182 FF

[0140] Preferred ornamental species include African violet, Begonia, Dahlia, Gerbera, Hydrangea, Verbena,Rosa, Kalanchoe, Poinsettia, Aster, Centaurea, Coreopsis, Delphinium, Monarda, Phlox, Rudbeckia, Sedum, Petunia, Viola, Impatiens, Geranium, Chrysanthemum, Ranunculus, Fuchsia, Salvia, Hortensia, rosemary, sage, St. Johnswort, mint, sweet pepper, tomato and cucumber.

[0141] The active ingredients according to the invention are especially suitable for controlling Aphiscraccivora, Diabrotica balteata, Heliothis virescens, Myzus persicae, Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera littoralisin cotton, vegetable, maize, rice and soya crops. The active ingredients according to the invention are furtherespecially suitable for controlling Mamestra (preferably in vegetables), Cydia pomonella (preferably in apples),Empoasca (preferably in vegetables, vineyards), Leptinotarsa (preferably in potatos) and Chilo supressalis(preferably in rice).

[0142] The compounds of formula (I) are particularly suitable for control of^ a pest of the order Hemiptera, for example, one or more of the species Bemisia tabaci, Aphiscraccivora, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi, Nilaparvata lugens, and Euschistus heros (preferablyin sunflower, vegetables, soybeans, and sugarcane); ^a pest of the order Lepidoptera, for example, one or more of the species Spodoptera littoralis,Spodoptera frugiperda, Plutella xylostella, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Cydia pomonella, Chrysodeixis includes, Chilo suppressalis, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Pseudoplusia includens, and Tuta absoluta (preferably in vegetables and corn); ^a pest of the order Thysanoptera, such as the family Thripidae, for example, one or more of Thripstabaci and Frankliniella occidentalis (preferably in sunflower and vegetables, such as beans); and^ soil pests (such as of the order Coleoptera), for example, the species Diabrotica balteata, Agriotesspp. and Leptinotarsa decemlineata (preferably in vegetables and corn).

[0143] The term "crops" is to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformedby the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for example, from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the genus Bacillus.

[0144] Toxins that can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, insecticidal proteins,for example insecticidal proteins from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popilliae; or insecticidal proteins from Bacillusthuringiensis, such as δ-endotoxins, e.g. Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry1FA2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C,or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), e.g. Vip1, Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A; or insecticidal proteins of bacteriacolonising nematodes, for example Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp., such as Photorhabdusluminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus; toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins and other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such as Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea lectins, barley lectins or snowdrop lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxysteroidoxidase, ecdysteroid-UDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors, HMG-COA-reductase, ion channel blockers, such as blockers of sodium or calcium channels, juvenile hormoneesterase, diuretic hormone receptors, stilbene synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases and glucanases.109925 | 83182 FF

[0145] In the context of the present invention there are to be understood by δ-endotoxins, for exampleCry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry1FA2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), for example Vip1, Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A, expressly also hybrid toxins, truncated toxins and modified toxins. Hybrid toxins are produced recombinantly by a new combination of different domains of those proteins (see, forexample, WO 02 / 15701). Truncated toxins, for example a truncated Cry1Ab, are known. In the case of modifiedtoxins, one or more amino acids of the naturally occurring toxin are replaced. In such amino acid replacements, preferably non-naturally present protease recognition sequences are inserted into the toxin, such as, for example, in the case of Cry3A055, a cathepsin-G-recognition sequence is inserted into a Cry3A toxin (see WO 03 / 018810).

[0146] Examples of such toxins or transgenic plants capable of synthesising such toxins are disclosed, forexample, in EP-A-0 374 753, WO 93 / 07278, WO 95 / 34656, EP-A-0 427 529, EP-A-451 878 and WO03 / 052073.

[0147] The processes for the preparation of such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilledin the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above. CryI-type deoxyribonucleic acids and their preparation are known, for example, from WO 95 / 34656, EP-A-0367474, EP-A-0401979 and WO 90 / 13651.

[0148] The toxin contained in the transgenic plants imparts to the plants tolerance to harmful insects. Suchinsects can occur in any taxonomic group of insects, but are especially commonly found in the beetles(Coleoptera), two-winged insects (Diptera) and moths (Lepidoptera).

[0149] Transgenic plants containing one or more genes that code for an insecticidal resistance and expressone or more toxins are known and some of them are commercially available. Examples of such plants are: YieldGard® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1Ab toxin); YieldGard Rootworm® (maize variety that expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin); YieldGard Plus® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1Ab and a Cry3Bb1 toxin); Starlink® (maize variety that expresses a Cry9C toxin); Herculex I® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1FA2toxin and the enzyme phosphinothricine N-acetyltransferase (PAT) to achieve tolerance to the herbicideglufosinate ammonium); NuCOTN 33B® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1Ac toxin); Bollgard I® (cottonvariety that expresses a Cry1Ac toxin); Bollgard II® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1Ac and a Cry2Ab toxin); VipCot® (cotton variety that expresses a Vip3A and a Cry1Ab toxin); NewLeaf® (potato variety that expresses a Cry3A toxin); Nature-Gard®, Agrisure® GT Advantage (GA21 glyphosate-tolerant trait), Agrisure® CB Advantage (Bt11 corn borer (CB) trait) and Protecta®.

[0150] Further examples of such transgenic crops are:1. Bt11 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l'Hobit 27, F-31790 St. Sauveur, France,registration number C / FR / 96 / 05 / 10. Genetically modified Zea mays which has been rendered resistant toattack by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides) by transgenicexpression of a truncated Cry1Ab toxin. Bt11 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 2. Bt176 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l'Hobit 27, F-31790 St. Sauveur, France,registration number C / FR / 96 / 05 / 10. Genetically modified Zea mays which has been rendered resistant to109925 | 83182 FFattack by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides) by transgenicexpression of a Cry1Ab toxin. Bt176 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 3. MIR604 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l'Hobit 27, F-31790 St. Sauveur, France,registration number C / FR / 96 / 05 / 10. Maize which has been rendered insect-resistant by transgenic expression of a modified Cry3A toxin. This toxin is Cry3A055 modified by insertion of a cathepsin-G- protease recognition sequence. The preparation of such transgenic maize plants is described in WO 03 / 018810. 4. MON 863 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels,Belgium, registration number C / DE / 02 / 9. MON 863 expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin and has resistance tocertain Coleoptera insects. 5. IPC 531 Cotton from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels,Belgium, registration number C / ES / 96 / 02. 6. 1507 Maize from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Avenue Tedesco, 7 B-1160 Brussels, Belgium,registration number C / NL / 00 / 10. Genetically modified maize for the expression of the protein Cry1F for achieving resistance to certain Lepidoptera insects and of the PAT protein for achieving tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 7. NK603 × MON 810 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150Brussels, Belgium, registration number C / GB / 02 / M3 / 03. Consists of conventionally bred hybrid maize varieties by crossing the genetically modified varieties NK603 and MON 810. NK603 × MON 810 Maize transgenically expresses the protein CP4 EPSPS, obtained from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, whichimparts tolerance to the herbicide Roundup® (contains glyphosate), and also a Cry1Ab toxin obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki which brings about tolerance to certain Lepidoptera, includethe European corn borer.

[0151] Transgenic crops of insect-resistant plants are also described in BATS (Zentrum für Biosicherheitund Nachhaltigkeit, Zentrum BATS, Clarastrasse 13, 4058 Basel, Switzerland) Report 2003, (http: / / bats.ch).

[0152] The term "crops" is to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformedby the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising antipathogenic substances having a selective action, such as, for example, the so-called "pathogenesis-related proteins" (PRPs, see e.g. EP-A-0392225). Examples of such antipathogenic substances and transgenic plants capable of synthesisingsuch antipathogenic substances are known, for example, from EP-A-0392225, WO 95 / 33818 and EP-A-0353191. The methods of producing such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.

[0153] Crops may also be modified for enhanced resistance to fungal (for example Fusarium, Anthracnose,or Phytophthora), bacterial (for example Pseudomonas) or viral (for example potato leafroll virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, cucumber mosaic virus) pathogens.

[0154] Crops also include those that have enhanced resistance to nematodes, such as the soybean cystnematode.109925 | 83182 FF

[0155] Crops that are tolerant to abiotic stress include those that have enhanced tolerance to drought, highsalt, high temperature, chill, frost, or light radiation, for example through expression of NF-YB or other proteins known in the art.

[0156] Antipathogenic substances which can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example,ion channel blockers, such as blockers for sodium and calcium channels, for example the viral KP1, KP4 or KP6 toxins; stilbene synthases; bibenzyl synthases; chitinases; glucanases; the so-called "pathogenesis- related proteins" (PRPs; see e.g. EP-A-0392225); antipathogenic substances produced by microorganisms,for example peptide antibiotics or heterocyclic antibiotics (see e.g. WO 95 / 33818) or protein or polypeptidefactors involved in plant pathogen defence (so-called "plant disease resistance genes", as described in WO 03 / 000906).

[0157] Further areas of use of the compositions according to the invention are the protection of stored goodsand store rooms and the protection of raw materials, such as wood, textiles, floor coverings or buildings, andalso in the hygiene sector, especially the protection of humans, domestic animals and productive livestockagainst pests of the mentioned type.

[0158] The present invention provides a compound of the first aspect for use in therapy. The presentinvention provides a compound of the first aspect, for use in controlling parasites in or on an animal. The present invention further provides a compound of the first aspect, for use in controlling ectoparasites on an animal. The present invention further provides a compound of the first aspect, for use in preventing and / or treating diseases transmitted by ectoparasites.

[0159] The present invention provides the use of a compound of the first aspect, for the manufacture of amedicament for controlling parasites in or on an animal. The present invention further provides the use of a compound of the first aspect, for the manufacture of a medicament for controlling ectoparasites on an animal. The present invention further provides the use of a compound of the first aspect, for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing and / or treating diseases transmitted by ectoparasites.

[0160] The present invention provides the use of a compound of the first aspect, in controlling parasites inor on an animal. The present invention further provides the use of a compound of the first aspect , in controlling ectoparasites on an animal.

[0161] The term "controlling" when used in context of parasites in or on an animal refers to reducing thenumber of pests or parasites, eliminating pests or parasites and / or preventing further pest or parasite infestation.

[0162] The term "treating" when used in context of parasites in or on an animal refers to restraining, slowing,stopping or reversing the progression or severity of an existing symptom or disease.

[0163] The term "preventing" when used in context of parasites in or on an animal refers to the avoidanceof a symptom or disease developing in the animal.

[0164] The term "animal" when used in context of parasites in or on an animal may refer to a mammal anda non-mammal, such as a bird or fish. In the case of a mammal, it may be a human or non-human mammal. Non-human mammals include, but are not limited to, livestock animals and companion animals. Livestock109925 | 83182 FFanimals include, but are not limited to, cattle, camelids, pigs, sheep, goats and horses. Companion animals include, but are not limited to, dogs, cats and rabbits.

[0165] A "parasite" is a pest which lives in or on the host animal and benefits by deriving nutrients at thehost animal's expense. An "endoparasite" is a parasite which lives in the host animal. An "ectoparasite" is a parasite which lives on the host animal. Ectoparasites include, but are not limited to, acari, insects and crustaceans (e.g. sea lice). The Acari (or Acarina) sub-class comprises ticks and mites. Ticks include, but arenot limited to, members of the following genera: Rhipicaphalus, for example, Rhipicaphalus (Boophilus)microplus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus; Amblyomrna; Dermacentor; Haemaphysalis; Hyalomma; Ixodes;Rhipicentor; Margaropus; Argas; Otobius; and Ornithodoros. Mites include, but are not limited to, members ofthe following genera: Chorioptes, for example Chorioptes bovis; Psoroptes, for example Psoroptesovis;Cheyletiella; Dermanyssus; for example Dermanyssusgallinae; Ortnithonyssus; Demodex, for example Demodexcanis; Sarcoptes, for example Sarcoptes scabiei; and Psorergates. Insects include, but are not limited to, members of the orders: Siphonaptera, Diptera, Phthiraptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Homoptera.Members of the Siphonaptera order include, but are not limited to, Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephatidescanis. Members of the Diptera order include, but are not limited to, Musca spp.; bot fly, for exampleGasterophilus intestinalis and Oestrus ovis; biting flies; horse flies, for example Haematopota spp. and Tabunusspp.; haematobia, for example haematobia irritans; Stomoxys; Lucilia; midges; and mosquitoes. Members ofthe Phthiraptera class include, but are not limited to, blood sucking lice and chewing lice, for example Bovicolaovis and Bovicola bovis.

[0166] The term "effective amount" when used in context of parasites in or on an animal refers to the amountor dose of the compound of the invention, or a salt thereof, which, upon single or multiple dose administration to the animal, provides the desired effect in or on the animal. The effective amount can be readily determined by the attending diagnostician, as one skilled in the art, by the use of known techniques and by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances. In determining the effective amount a number of factors are considered by the attending diagnostician, including, but not limited to: the species of mammal; its size, age, and general health; the parasite to be controlled and the degree of infestation; the specific disease or disorder involved; the degree of involvement or the severity of the disease or disorder; the response of the individual; the particular compound administered; the mode of administration; the bioavailability characteristics of the preparation administered; the dose regimen selected; the use of concomitant medication; and other relevant circumstances.

[0167] The compounds of the invention may be administered to the animal by any route which has thedesired effect including, but not limited to topically, orally, parenterally'and subcutaneously. Topical administration is preferred. Formulations suitable for topical administration include, for example, solutions, emulsions and suspensions and may take the form of a pour-on, spot-on, spray-on, spray race or dip. In the alternative, the compounds of the invention may be administered by means of an ear tag or collar.

[0168] Salt forms of the compounds of the invention include both pharmaceutically acceptable salts andveterinary acceptable salts, which can be different to agrochemically acceptable salts. Pharmaceutically andveterinary acceptable salts and common methodology for preparing them are well known in the art. See, for109925 | 83182 FFexample, Gould, P.L., "Salt selection for basic drugs", International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 33: 201 -217 (1986); Bastin, R.J., et al. "Salt Selection and Optimization Procedures for Pharmaceutical New Chemical Entities", Organic Process Research and Development, 4: 427-435 (2000); and Berge, S.M., et al., "Pharmaceutical Salts", Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66: 1-19, (1977). One skilled in the art of synthesiswill appreciate that the compounds of the invention are readily converted to and may be isolated as a salt, suchas a hydrochloride salt, using techniques and conditions well known to one of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, one skilled in the art of synthesis will appreciate that the compounds of the invention are readily converted to and may be isolated as the corresponding free base from the corresponding salt.

[0169] The present invention also provides a method for controlling pests (such as mosquitoes and otherdisease vectors; see also http: / / www.who.int / malaria / vector_control / irs / en / ). In one embodiment, the method for controlling pests comprises applying the compositions of the invention to the target pests, to their locus or to a surface or substrate by brushing, rolling, spraying, spreading or dipping. By way of example, an IRS (indoor residual spraying) application of a surface such as a wall, ceiling or floor surface is contemplated by the method of the invention. In another embodiment, it is contemplated to apply such compositions to a substrate such asnon-woven or a fabric material in the form of (or which can be used in the manufacture of) netting, clothing,bedding, curtains and tents.

[0170] In one embodiment, the method for controlling such pests comprises applying a pesticidally effectiveamount of the compositions of the invention to the target pests, to their locus, or to a surface or substrate so as to provide effective residual pesticidal activity on the surface or substrate. Such application may be made by brushing, rolling, spraying, spreading or dipping the pesticidal composition of the invention. By way of example, an IRS application of a surface such as a wall, ceiling or floor surface is contemplated by the method of the invention so as to provide effective residual pesticidal activity on the surface. In another embodiment, itis contemplated to apply such compositions for residual control of pests on a substrate such as a fabric materialin the form of (or which can be used in the manufacture of) netting, clothing, bedding, curtains and tents.

[0171] Substrates including non-woven, fabrics or netting to be treated may be made of natural fibres suchas cotton, raffia, jute, flax, sisal, hessian, or wool, or synthetic fibres such as polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile or the like. The polyesters are particularly suitable. The methods of textile treatment are known, e.g. WO 2008 / 151984, WO 2003 / 034823, US 5631072, WO 2005 / 64072, WO 2006 / 128870, EP 1724392, WO 2005 / 113886 or WO 2007 / 090739.

[0172] Further areas of use of the compositions according to the invention are the field of tree injection / trunktreatment for all ornamental trees as well all sort of fruit and nut trees.

[0173] In the field of tree injection / trunk treatment, the compounds according to the present invention areespecially suitable against wood-boring insects from the order Lepidoptera as mentioned above and from theorder Coleoptera, especially against woodborers listed in the following tables A and B:109925 | 83182 FFTable A. Examples of exotic woodborers of economic importance. Family Species Host or Crop InfestedBuprestidae Agrilus planipennis Ash Cerambycidae Anoplura glabripennis Hardwoods Scolytidae Xylosandrus crassiusculus Hardwoods X. mutilatus Hardwoods Tomicus piniperda Conifers Table B. Examples of native woodborers of economic importance. Family Species Host or Crop InfestedBuprestidae Agrilus anxius Birch Agrilus politus Willow, Maple Agrilus sayi Bayberry, Sweetfern Agrilus vittaticolllis Apple, Pear, Cranberry, Serviceberry, HawthornChrysobothris femorata Apple, Apricot, Beech, Boxelder, Cherry, Chestnut, Currant, Elm, Hawthorn, Hackberry, Hickory, Horsechestnut, Linden, Maple, Mountain-ash, Oak, Pecan, Pear, Peach, Persimmon, Plum, Poplar, Quince, Redbud, Serviceberry, Sycamore, Walnut, Willow Texania campestris Basswood, Beech, Maple, Oak, Sycamore, Willow, Yellow-poplar Cerambycidae Goes pulverulentus Beech, Elm, Nuttall, Willow, Black oak, Cherrybark oak, Water oak, Sycamore Goes tigrinus Oak Neoclytus acuminatus Ash, Hickory, Oak, Walnut, Birch, Beech, Maple, Eastern hophornbeam, Dogwood, Persimmon, Redbud, Holly, Hackberry, Black locust, Honeylocust, Yellow-poplar, Chestnut, Osage- orange, Sassafras, Lilac, Mountain-mahogany, Pear, Cherry, Plum, Peach, Apple, Elm, Basswood,Sweetgum Neoptychodes trilineatus Fig, Alder, Mulberry, Willow, Netleaf hackberry Oberea ocellata Sumac, Apple, Peach, Plum, Pear, Currant, Blackberry109925 | 83182 FFFamily Species Host or Crop InfestedOberea tripunctata Dogwood, Viburnum, Elm, Sourwood, Blueberry, Rhododendron, Azalea, Laurel, Poplar, Willow, Mulberry Oncideres cingulata Hickory, Pecan, Persimmon, Elm, Sourwood, Basswood, Honeylocust, Dogwood, Eucalyptus, Oak, Hackberry, Maple, Fruit trees Saperda calcarata Poplar Strophiona nitens Chestnut, Oak, Hickory, Walnut, Beech, Maple Scolytidae Corthylus columbianus Maple, Oak, Yellow-poplar, Beech, Boxelder, Sycamore, Birch, Basswood, Chestnut, Elm Dendroctonus frontalis Pine Dryocoetes betulae Birch, Sweetgum, Wild cherry, Beech, Pear Monarthrum fasciatum Oak, Maple, Birch, Chestnut, Sweetgum, Blackgum, Poplar, Hickory, Mimosa, Apple, Peach, Pine Phloeotribus liminaris Peach, Cherry, Plum, Black cherry, Elm, Mulberry, Mountain-ash Pseudopityophthorus Oak, American beech, Black cherry, Chickasaw pruinosus plum, Chestnut, Maple, Hickory, Hornbeam, Hophornbeam Sesiidae Paranthrene simulans Oak, American chestnut Sannina uroceriformis Persimmon Synanthedon exitiosa Peach, Plum, Nectarine, Cherry, Apricot, Almond, Black cherry Synanthedon pictipes Peach, Plum, Cherry, Beach, Black Cherry Synanthedon rubrofascia Tupelo Synanthedon scitula Dogwood, Pecan, Hickory, Oak, Chestnut, Beech, Birch, Black cherry, Elm, Mountain-ash, Viburnum, Willow, Apple, Loquat, Ninebark, Bayberry Vitacea polistiformis Grape

[0174] The present invention may be also used to control any insect pests that may be present in turfgrass,including for example beetles, caterpillars, fire ants, ground pearls, millipedes, sow bugs, mites, mole crickets, scales, mealybugs, ticks, spittlebugs, southern chinch bugs and white grubs. The present invention may be used to control insect pests at various stages of their life cycle, including eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults.

[0175] In particular, the present invention may be used to control insect pests that feed on the roots ofturfgrass including white grubs (such as Cyclocephala spp. (e.g. masked chafer, C. lurida), Rhizotrogus spp.(e.g. European chafer, R. majalis), Cotinus spp. (e.g. Green June beetle, C. nitida), Popillia spp. (e.g. Japanesebeetle, P. japonica), Phyllophaga spp. (e.g. May / June beetle), Ataenius spp. (e.g. Black turfgrass ataenius, A.109925 | 83182 FFspretulus), Maladera spp. (e.g. Asiatic garden beetle, M. castanea) and Tomarus spp., ground pearls(Margarodes spp.), mole crickets (tawny, southern, and short-winged; Scapteriscus spp., Gryllotalpa africana)and leatherjackets (European crane fly, Tipula spp.).

[0176] The present invention may also be used to control insect pests of turfgrass that are thatch dwelling,including armyworms (such as fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, and common armyworm Pseudaletiaunipuncta), cutworms, billbugs (Sphenophorus spp., such as S. venatus verstitus and S. parvulus), and sodwebworms (such as Crambus spp. and the tropical sod webworm, Herpetogramma phaeopteralis).

[0177] The present invention may also be used to control insect pests of turfgrass that live above the groundand feed on the turfgrass leaves, including chinch bugs (such as southern chinch bugs, Blissus insularis),Bermudagrass mite (Eriophyes cynodoniensis), rhodesgrass mealybug (Antonina graminis), two-linedspittlebug (Propsapia bicincta), leafhoppers, cutworms (Noctuidae family), and greenbugs.

[0178] The present invention may also be used to control other pests of turfgrass such as red imported fireants (Solenopsis invicta) that create ant mounds in turf.

[0179] In the hygiene sector, the compositions according to the invention are active against ectoparasitessuch as hard ticks, soft ticks, mange mites, harvest mites, flies (biting and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice, hair lice, bird lice and fleas.

[0180] Examples of such parasites are:^ Of the order Anoplurida: Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Phtirus spp.,Solenopotes spp.. ^Of the order Mallophagida: Trimenopon spp., Menopon spp., Trinoton spp., Bovicola spp.,Werneckiella spp., Lepikentron spp., Damalina spp., Trichodectes spp. and Felicola spp.. ^Of the order Diptera and the suborders Nematocerina and Brachycerina, for example Aedes spp.,Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Simulium spp., Eusimulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp., Culicoides spp., Chrysops spp., Hybomitra spp., Atylotus spp., Tabanus spp., Haematopota spp., Philipomyia spp., Braula spp., Musca spp., Hydrotaea spp., Stomoxys spp., Haematobia spp., Morellia spp., Fannia spp., Glossina spp., Calliphora spp., Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Wohlfahrtia spp., Sarcophaga spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Gasterophilus spp., Hippobosca spp., Lipoptena spp. and Melophagus spp.. ^Of the order Siphonapterida, for example Pulex spp., Ctenocephalides spp., Xenopsylla spp.,Ceratophyllus spp.. ^Of the order Heteropterida, for example Cimex spp., Triatoma spp., Rhodnius spp., Panstrongylusspp.. ^Of the order Blattarida, for example Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Blattela germanica andSupella spp.. ^Of the subclass Acaria (Acarida) and the orders Meta- and Meso-stigmata, for example Argas spp.,Ornithodorus spp., Otobius spp., Ixodes spp., Amblyomma spp., Boophilus spp., Dermacentor spp.,Haemophysalis spp., Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Dermanyssus spp., Raillietia spp., Pneumonyssus spp., Sternostoma spp. and Varroa spp..109925 | 83182 FF^ Of the orders Actinedida (Prostigmata) and Acaridida (Astigmata), for example Acarapis spp.,Cheyletiella spp., Ornithocheyletia spp., Myobia spp., Psorergatesspp., Demodex spp., Trombicula spp., Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp., Caloglyphus spp., Hypodectes spp., Pterolichus spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp., Knemidocoptes spp., Cytodites spp. and Laminosioptes spp..

[0181] The compositions according to the invention are also suitable for protecting against insect infestationin the case of materials such as wood, textiles, plastics, adhesives, glues, paints, paper and card, leather, floor coverings and buildings.

[0182] The compositions according to the invention can be used, for example, against the following pests :beetles such as Hylotrupes bajulus, Chlorophorus pilosis, Anobium punctatum, Xestobium rufovillosum, Ptilinuspecticornis, Dendrobium pertinex, Ernobius mollis, Priobium carpini, Lyctus brunneus, Lyctus africanus, Lyctus planicollis, Lyctus linearis, Lyctus pubescens, Trogoxylon aequale, Minthesrugicollis, Xyleborus spp., Tryptodendron spp., Apate monachus, Bostrychus capucins, Heterobostrychus brunneus, Sinoxylon spp., and Dinoderus minutus, and also hymenopterans such as Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas, Urocerus gigas taignus and Urocerus augur, and termites such as Kalotermes flavicollis, Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes indicola, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Mastotermes darwiniensis, Zootermopsis nevadensis and Coptotermes formosanus, and bristletails such as Lepisma saccharina.

[0183] The compounds of formulae I, and I’a, or salts thereof, are especially suitable for controlling one ormore pests selected from the family: Noctuidae, Plutellidae, Chrysomelidae, Thripidae, Pentatomidae, Tortricidae, Delphacidae, Aphididae, Noctuidae, Crambidae, Meloidogynidae, and Heteroderidae. In apreferred embodiment of each aspect, a compound TX (where the abbreviation "TX" means “one compoundselected from the compounds defined in Tables A-1 to A-15, and Table P”) controls one or more of pestsselected from the family: Noctuidae, Plutellidae, Chrysomelidae, Thripidae, Pentatomidae, Tortricidae, Delphacidae, Aphididae, Noctuidae, Crambidae, Meloidogynidae, and Heteroderidae.

[0184] The compounds of formulae I, and I’a, or salts thereof, are especially suitable for controlling one ormore pests selected from the genus: Spodoptera spp., Plutella spp., Frankliniella spp., Thrips spp., Euschistus spp., Cydia spp., Nilaparvata spp., Myzus spp., Aphis spp., Diabrotica spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Pseudoplusiaspp and Chilo spp.

[0185] In a preferred embodiment of each aspect, a compound TX (where the abbreviation "TX" means “onecompound selected from the compounds defined in Tables Tables A-1 to A-15, and Table P”) controls one ormore of pests selected from the genus: Spodoptera spp., Plutella spp., Frankliniella spp., Thrips spp., Euschistus spp., Cydia spp., Nilaparvata spp., Myzus spp., Aphis spp., Diabrotica spp., Rhopalosiphum spp.,Pseudoplusia spp and Chilo spp.

[0186] The compounds of formulae I, and I’a, or salts thereof, are especially suitable for controlling one ormore of Spodoptera littoralis, Plutella xylostella, Frankliniella occidentalis, Thrips tabaci, Euschistus heros, Cydia pomonella, Nilaparvata lugens, Myzus persicae, Chrysodeixis incIudens, Aphis craccivora, Diabrotica balteata, Rhopalosiphum padi, and Chilo suppressalis.109925 | 83182 FF

[0187] In a preferred embodiment of each aspect, a compound TX (where the abbreviation "TX" means “onecompound selected from the compounds defined in Tables A-1 to A-15, and Table P”) controls one or more ofSpodoptera littoralis, Plutella xylostella, Frankliniella occidentalis, Thrips tabaci, Euschistus heros, Cydia pomonella, Nilaparvata lugens, Myzus persicae, Chrysodeixis incIudens, Aphis craccivora, Diabrotica balteata,Rhopalosiphum Padia, and Chilo Suppressalis, such as Spodoptera littoralis + TX, Plutella xylostella + TX;Frankliniella occidentalis + TX, Thrips tabaci + TX, Euschistus heros + TX, Cydia pomonella + TX, Nilaparvatalugens + TX, Myzus persicae + TX, Chrysodeixis incIudens + TX, Aphis craccivora + TX, Diabrotica balteata +TX, Rhopalosiphum Padi + TX, and Chilo suppressalis + TX.

[0188] In an embodiment of each aspect, a compound selected from the compounds defined in Tables A-1to A-15, and Table P is suitable for controlling Spodoptera littoralis, Plutella xylostella, Frankliniella occidentalis,Thrips tabaci, Euschistus heros, Cydia pomonella, Nilaparvata lugens, Myzus persicae, ChrysodeixisincIudens, Aphis craccivora, Diabrotica balteata, Rhopalosiphum Padia, and Chilo Suppressalis in cotton,vegetable, maize, cereal, rice and soya crops.

[0189] In an embodiment of each aspect, a compound selected from the compounds defined in Tables A-1to A-15, and Table P is suitable for controlling Mamestra (preferably in vegetables), Cydia pomonella(preferably in apples), Empoasca (preferably in vegetables, vineyards), Leptinotarsa (preferably in potatos) and Chilo supressalis (preferably in rice).

[0190] Compounds according to the invention may possess any number of benefits including, inter alia,advantageous levels of biological activity for protecting plants against insects or superior properties for use as agrochemical active ingredients (for example, greater biological activity, an advantageous spectrum of activity, an increased safety profile (against non-target organisms above and below ground (such as fish, birds and bees), improved physico-chemical properties, or increased biodegradability). In particular, it has been surprisingly found that certain compounds of formula (I) may show an advantageous safety profile with respect to non-target arthropods, in particular pollinators such as honey bees, solitary bees, and bumble bees, most particularly, Apis mellifera.

[0191] The following combinations of a compound of formula I with another active substance in a weightratio of 1:1 are preferred (where the abbreviation “TX” means "one compound selected from the compoundsdefined in Tables A-1 to A-15, and Table P”):(7E,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (9Z,11E)-tetradeca-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (9Z,12E)- tetradeca-9,12-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (E)-6-methylhept-2-en-4-ol + TX, (E)-dec-5-en-1-yl acetate with (E)-dec- 5-en-1-ol + TX, (E)-tridec-4-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (E,Z)-tetradeca-4,10-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-dodec-7-en- 1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-hexadec-11-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-hexadec-11-enal + TX, (Z)-hexadec-13-en-11-yn- 1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-icos-13-en-10-one + TX, (Z)-tetradec-7-en-1-al + TX, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-ol + TX, (Z)- tetradec-9-en-1-yl acetate + TX, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfanyl)benzene + TX, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane + TX, 1,2-dichloropropane + TX, 1,2-dichloropropane with 1,3- dichloropropene + TX, 1,3-dichloropropene + TX, 14-methyloctadec-1-ene + TX, 1-hydroxy-1H-pyridine-2- thione + TX, 2-(octylthio)ethanol + TX, 2-[5-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-prop-1-enyl)-1-methyl-imidazol-2-yl]-5- cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfonyl-pyridine + TX, 2-chlorophenyl N-methylcarbamate (CPMC) + TX, 3-(4-109925 | 83182 FFchlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine + TX, 3,4-dichlorotetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide + TX, 4-(quinoxalin-2- ylamino)benzenesulfonamide + TX, 4-methylnonan-5-ol with 4-methylnonan-5-one + TX, 5-methyl-6-thioxo- 1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-ylacetic acid + TX, 6-isopentenylaminopurine + TX, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate + TX, abamectin + TX, acequinocyl + TX, acetamiprid + TX, acetoprole + TX, acrinathrin + TX, acynonapyr + TX, Adoxophyes orana GV + TX, afidopyropen + TX, afoxolaner + TX, Agrobacterium radiobacter + TX, AKD-3088 + TX, alanycarb + TX, aldicarb + TX, aldoxycarb + TX, allethrin + TX, alpha-cypermethrin + TX, alphamethrin + TX, alpha-multistriatin + TX, Amblyseius spp. + TX, amidoflumet + TX, amino acids + TX, aminocarb + TX, Anagrapha falcifera NPV + TX, Anagrus atomus + TX, Aphelinus abdominalis + TX, Aphidius colemani + TX, Aphidoletes aphidimyza + TX, apholate + TX, Autographa californica NPV + TX, AZ 60541 + TX, azadirachtin + TX, azocyclotin + TX, Bacillus aizawai + TX, Bacillus chitinosporus AQ746 (NRRL Accession No B-21618) + TX, Bacillus firmus + TX, Bacillus kurstaki + TX, Bacillus mycoides AQ726 (NRRL Accession No. B-21664) + TX, Bacillus pumilus (NRRL Accession No B-30087) + TX, Bacillus pumilus AQ717 (NRRL Accession No. B- 21662) + TX, Bacillus sp. AQ175 (ATCC Accession No.55608) + TX, Bacillus sp. AQ177 (ATCC Accession No. 55609) + TX, Bacillus sp. AQ178 (ATCC Accession No. 53522) + TX, Bacillus sphaericus Neide + TX, Bacillus subtilis AQ153 (ATCC Accession No.55614) + TX, Bacillus subtilis AQ30002 (NRRL Accession No.B-50421) + TX, Bacillus subtilis AQ30004 (NRRL Accession No. B- 50455) + TX, Bacillus subtilis AQ713 (NRRLAccession No. B-21661) + TX, Bacillus subtilis AQ743 (NRRL Accession No. B-21665) + TX, Bacillus subtilis unspecified + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis AQ52 (NRRL Accession No. B-21619) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis BD#32 (NRRL Accession No B-21530) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Aizawai + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Israelensis + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Japonensis + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki + TX, Bacillus thurin-giensis subsp. Tenebrionis + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subspec. kurstaki BMP 123 + TX, Beauveria bassiana + TX, Beauveria brongniartii + TX, benclothiaz + TX, benomyl + TX, bensultap + TX, bentioflumin (CAS Number: 2566451-67-8) + TX, benzoximate + TX, benzpyrimoxan + TX, betacyfluthrin + TX, beta-cypermethrin + TX, bethoxazin + TX, bifenazate + TX, bifenthrin + TX, binapacryl + TX, bioallethrin + TX, bioresmethrin + TX, bis(tributyltin) oxide + TX, bisazir + TX, bistrifluron + TX, bisulflufen + TX, brevicomin + TX, broflanilide + TX, brofluthrinate + TX, bromoacetamide + TX, bromophos-ethyl + TX, bronopol + TX, busulfan + TX, butocarboxim + TX, butopyronoxyl + TX, butoxy(polypropylene glycol) + TX, butylpyridaben + TX, cadusafos + TX, calcium arsenate + TX, carbaryl + TX, carbofuran + TX, carbon disulfide + TX, carbosulfan + TX, cartap + TX, CAS number: 1594624-87-9 + TX, CAS number: 1922957-47-8 + TX, CAS number: 1255091-74-7 + TX, CAS number: 1365070-72-9 + TX, CAS Number: 158062-71-6 + TX, CAS number: 1594626-19-3 + TX, CAS number: 1594637-65-6 + TX, CAS number: 1632218-00-8 + TX, CAS number: 1808115-49-2 + TX, CAS number: 1922957-46-7 + TX, CAS number: 1922957-48-9 + TX, CAS number: 1956329-03-5 + TX, CAS number: 1990457-52-7 + TX, CAS number: 1990457-55-0 + TX, CAS number: 1990457-57-2 + TX, CAS number: 1990457-66-3 + TX, CAS number: 1990457-77-6 + TX, CAS number: 1990457-85-6 + TX, CAS number: 2032403-97-5 + TX, CAS number: 2044701-44-0 + TX, CAS number: 2095470-94-1 + TX, CAS number: 2128706-05-6 + TX, CAS number: 2133042-31-4 + TX, CAS number: 2133042-44-9 + TX, CAS number: 2171099-09-3 + TX, CAS number: 2220132-55-6 + TX, CAS number: 2396747-83-2 + TX, CAS109925 | 83182 FFnumber: 2408220-91-5 + TX, CAS number: 2408220-94-8 + TX, CAS number: 2415706-16-8 + TX, CAS Number: 2583740-14-9 + TX, CAS Number: 2583751-98-6 + TX, CAS number: 2719848-60-7 + TX, CAS Number: 2898489-71-7 + TX, CAS Number: 2922115-20-4 + TX, CAS Number: 3060345-80-1 + TX, CAS Number: 3061364-30-2 + TX, CAS Number: 34763-86-5 + TX, CAS number: RNA (Leptinotarsa decemlineata- specific recombinant double-stranded interfering GS2) + TX, chlorantraniliprole + TX, chlordane + TX, chlorfenapyr + TX, chloropicrin + TX, chloroprallethrin + TX, chlorpyrifos + TX, chromafenozide + TX, Chrysoperla carnea + TX, clenpirin + TX, cloethocarb + TX, clothianidin + TX, codlelure + TX, codlemone + TX, copper acetoarsenite + TX, copper dioctanoate + TX, copper hydroxide + TX, copper sulfate + TX, cresol + TX, crufomate + TX, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri + TX, cuelure + TX, cyanofenphos + TX, cyantraniliprole + TX, cybenzoxasulfyl (CAS Number: 2128706-04-5) + TX, cybutryne + TX, cyclaniliprole + TX, cyclobutrifluram + TX, cycloprothrin + TX, cycloxaprid + TX, Cydia pomonella GV + TX, cyenopyrafen + TX, cyetpyrafen + TX, cyflumetofen + TX, cyfluthrin + TX, cyhalodiamide + TX, cylohalothrin + TX, cypermethrin + TX, cyphenothrin + TX, cyproflanilide + TX, cyromazine + TX, cytokinins + TX, Dacnusa sibirica + TX, dazomet + TX, DBCP + TX, DCIP + TX, deltamethrin + TX, diafenthiuron + TX, dialifos + TX, diamidafos + TX, dibrom + TX, dibutyl adipate + TX, dibutyl phthalate + TX, dibutyl succinate + TX, dichlofenthion + TX, dichlone + TX, dichlorophen + TX, dicliphos + TX, dicloromezotiaz + TX, diethyltoluamide + TX, diflubenzuron + TX, Diglyphus isaea + TX, dimatif + TX, dimethoate + TX, dimethyl carbate + TX, dimethyl phthalate + TX, dimpropyridaz + TX, dinactin + TX, dinocap + TX, dinotefuran + TX, dioxabenzofos + TX, dipyrithione + TX, disparlure + TX, D-limonene + TX, dodec-8-en-1-yl acetate + TX, dodec-9-en-1-yl acetate + TX, dodeca-8,10-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, dodicin + TX, dominicalure + TX, doramectin + TX, emamectin + TX, emamectin benzoate + TX, empenthrin + TX,Encarsia formosa + TX, endothal + TX, endrin + TX, eprinomectin + TX, epsilon - momfluorothrin + TX, epsilon-metofluthrin + TX, Eretmocerus eremicus + TX, esfenvalerate + TX, ethion + TX, ethiprole + TX, ethoprophos + TX, ethyl 4-methyloctanoate + TX, ethyl hexanediol + TX, ethylene dibromide + TX, etofenprox + TX, etoxazole + TX, etpyrafen + TX, eugenol + TX, Extract of seaweed and fermentation product derived from melasse + TX, Extract of seaweed and fermentation product derived from melasse comprising urea + TX, Extract of seaweed and fermented plant products + TX, Extract of seaweed and fermented plant products comprising phytohormones, vitamins, EDTA-chelated copper, zinc, and iron + TX, famphur + TX, fenaminosulf + TX, fenamiphos + TX, fenazaquin + TX, fenfluthrin + TX, fenitrothion + TX, fenmezoditiaz + TX, fenobucarb + TX, fenothiocarb + TX, fenoxycarb + TX, fenpropathrin + TX, fenpyrad + TX, fenpyroximate + TX, fensulfothion + TX, fenthion + TX, fentin + TX, fentinacetate + TX, fenvalerate + TX, ferric phosphate + TX, fipronil + TX, flometoquin + TX, flonicamid + TX, fluacrypyrim + TX, fluazaindolizine + TX, fluazuron + TX, flubendiamide + TX, flubenzimine + TX, fluchlordiniliprole + TX, flucitrinate + TX, flucycloxuron + TX, flucythrinate + TX, fluensulfone [318290-98-1] + TX, fluensulfone + TX, flufenerim + TX, flufenprox + TX, flufiprole + TX, fluhexafon + TX, flumethrin + TX, fluopyram + TX, flupentiofenox + TX, flupyradifurone + TX, flupyrimin + TX, flupyroxystrobin + TX, fluralaner + TX, fluvalinate + TX, fluxametamide + TX, formaldehyde + TX, fosthiazate + TX, fosthietan + TX, frontalin + TX, furfural + TX, galquin (CAS Number: 2644770-30-7) + TX, gamma-cyhalothrin + TX, Gossyplure® (1:1 mixture of the (Z,E) and (Z,Z) isomers of hexadeca-7,11-dien- 1-yl-acetate) + TX, grandlure + TX, grandlure I + TX, grandlure II + TX, grandlure III + TX, grandlure IV + TX,109925 | 83182 FFGranulovirus + TX, guadipyr + TX, GY-81 + TX, halfenprox + TX, halofenozide + TX, Harpin + TX, Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, Helicoverpa zea NPV + TX, Helicoverpa zea Nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, Heliothis punctigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, Heliothis virescens Nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, hemel + TX, hempa + TX, heptafluthrin + TX, heterophos + TX, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H. megidis + TX, hexalure + TX, hexamide + TX, hexythiazox + TX, Hippodamia convergens + TX, hydramethylnon + TX, hydrargaphen + TX, hydrated lime + TX, imicyafos + TX, imidacloprid + TX, imiprothrin + TX, Indazapyroxamet + TX, indoxacarb + TX, iodomethane + TX, iprodione + TX, ipsdienol + TX, ipsenol + TX, isamidofos + TX, isazofos + TX, isocycloseram + TX, Isoflualanam (CAS number: 2892524-05-7) + TX, isothioate + TX, ivermectin + TX, japonilure + TX, kappa-bifenthrin + TX, kappa-tefluthrin + TX, kasugamycin + TX, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate + TX, kinetin + TX, lambda-cyhalothrin + TX, ledprona + TX, lepimectin + TX, Leptomastix dactylopii + TX, lineatin + TX, litlure + TX, looplure + TX, lotilaner + TX, lufenuron + TX, Macrolophus caliginosus + TX, Mamestra brassicae NPV + TX, mecarphon + TX, medlure + TX, megatomoic acid + TX, metaflumizone + TX,metaldehyde + TX, metam + TX, metam-potassium + TX, metam-sodium + TX, Metaphycus helvolus + TX,Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae + TX, Metarhizium spp. + TX, metepa + TX, methiocarb + TX, methiotepa + TX, methomyl + TX, methoquin-butyl + TX, methoxyfenozide + TX, methyl apholate + TX, methyl bromide + TX, methyl eugenol + TX, methyl isothiocyanate + TX, methylneodecanamide + TX, metofluthrin + TX, metolcarb + TX, mexacarbate + TX, milbemectin + TX, milbemycin oxime + TX, momfluorothrin + TX, morzid + TX, moxidectin + TX, muscalure + TX, Muscodor albus 620 (NRRL Accession No. 30547) + TX, Muscodor roseus A3-5 (NRRL Accession No. 30548) + TX, Myrothecium verrucaria composition + TX, nabam + TX, NC-184 + TX, Neem tree based products + TX, Neodiprion sertifer NPV and N. lecontei NPV + TX, nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) + TX, niclosamide + TX, niclosamide-olamine + TX, nicofluprole + TX, nitenpyram + TX, nithiazine + TX, nitrapyrin + TX, octadeca- 2,13-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, octadeca-3,13-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, octhilinone + TX, omethoate + TX, orfralure + TX, Orius spp. + TX, oryctalure + TX, ostramone + TX, oxamate + TX, oxamyl + TX, oxazosulfyl + TX, oxolinic acid + TX, oxytetracycline + TX, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus + TX, Paecilomyces lilacinus + TX, parathion- ethyl + TX, Pasteuria nishizawae + TX, Pasteuria penetrans + TX, Pasteuria ramosa + TX, Pasteuria thornei + TX, Pasteuria usgae + TX, P-cymene + TX, penfluron + TX, pentachlorophenol + TX, permethrin + TX, phenothrin + TX, phorate + TX, phosphamidon + TX, phosphocarb + TX, Phytoseiulus persimilis + TX, picaridin + TX, pioxaniliprole + TX, piperazine + TX, piperflanilide (CAS number: 2615135-05-0) + TX, piperonylbutoxide + TX, pirimicarb + TX, pirimiphos-ethyl + TX, pirimiphos-methyl + TX, Plutella xylostella Granulosis virus + TX, Plutella xylostella Nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, Polyhedrosis virus + TX, potassium and molybdenum and EDTA-chelated manganese + TX, potassium ethylxanthate + TX, potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate + TX, prallethrin + TX, probenazole + TX, profenofos + TX, profluthrin + TX, propargite + TX, propetamphos + TX,propoxur + TX, prothiophos + TX, protrifenbute + TX, pyflubumide + TX, pymetrozine + TX, pyraclofos + TX,pyrafluprole + TX, pyrethrum + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridalyl + TX, pyridin-4-amine + TX, pyrifluquinazon + TX, pyrimidifen + TX, pyriminostrobin + TX, pyriprole [394730-71-3] + TX, pyriprole + TX, pyriproxyfen + TX, QRD 420 (a terpenoid blend) + TX, QRD 452 (a terpenoid blend) + TX, QRD 460 (a terpenoid blend) + TX, Quillaja saponaria + TX, quinoclamine + TX, quinonamid + TX, resmethrin + TX, Rhodococcus globerulus AQ719109925 | 83182 FF(NRRL Accession No B-21663) + TX, sarolaner + TX, S-bioallethrin + TX, sebufos + TX, selamectin + TX, siglure + TX, silafluofen + TX, simazine + TX, sodium pentachlorophenoxide + TX, sordidin + TX, spidoxamat + TX, spinetoram + TX, spinosad + TX, spirobudifen + TX, spirodiclofen + TX, spiromesifen + TX, spiropidion + TX, spirotetramat + TX, Spodoptera exigua multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus + TX, Spodoptera frugiperda Nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, Steinernema bibionis + TX, Steinernema carpocapsae + TX, Steinernema feltiae + TX, Steinernema glaseri + TX, Steinernema riobrave + TX, Steinernema riobravis + TX, Steinernema scapterisci + TX, Steinernema spp. + TX, Streptomyces galbus (NRRL Accession No.30232) + TX, Streptomyces sp. (NRRL Accession No. B-30145) + TX, streptomycin + TX, streptomycin sesquisulfate + TX, strychnine + TX, sulcatol + TX, sulfiflumin + TX, sulfoxaflor + TX, tazimcarb + TX, tebufenozide + TX, tebufenpyrad + TX, tebupirimiphos + TX, tecloftalam + TX, tefluthrin + TX, temephos + TX, tepa + TX, terbam + TX, terbufos + TX, terpenoid blend + TX, tetrachlorantraniliprole + TX, tetrachlorothiophene + TX, tetradec- 11-en-1-yl acetate + TX, tetradiphon + TX, tetramethrin + TX, tetramethylfluthrin + TX, tetranactin + TX, tetraniliprole + TX, theta-cypermethrin + TX, thiacloprid + TX, thiafenox + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiocyclam + TX, thiodicarb + TX, thiofanox + TX, thiohempa + TX, thiomersal + TX, thiometon + TX, thionazin + TX, thiophanate + TX, thiosultap + TX, thiotepa + TX, tiapyrachlor (CAS Number: 1255091-74-7) + TX, tigolaner + TX, tiorantraniliprole + TX, tioxazafen + TX, tolfenpyrad + TX, toxaphene + TX, tralomethrin + TX, transfluthrin + TX, tretamine + TX, triazamate + TX, triazophos + TX, triazuron + TX, tributyltin oxide + TX, trichlorfon + TX, trichloronate + TX, trichlorphon + TX, Trichogramma spp. + TX, trifenmorph + TX, trifluenfuronate + TX, triflumezopyrim + TX, trimedlure + TX, trimedlure A + TX, trimedlure B1 + TX, trimedlure B2 + TX, trimedlure C + TX, trimethacarb + TX, triphenyltin acetate + TX, triphenyltin hydroxide + TX, trunc-call + TX, tyclopyrazoflor + TX, Typhlodromus occidentalis + TX, uredepa + TX, Verticillium lecanii + TX, Verticillium spp. + TX, xylenols + TX, YI-5302 + TX, zeatin + TX, zeta-Cypermethrin + TX; N-[(1R)-1-benzyl-3-chloro-1-methyl-but-3-enyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1S)-1- benzyl-3-chloro-1-methyl-but-3-enyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-ethyl-N’-[5-methoxy-2-methyl- 4-[(2-trifuoromethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]phenyl]-N-methyl-formamidine (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2019 / 110427) + TX, (3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methanone (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2017 / 220485) + TX, (4-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 2-amino-6-methyl-pyridine-3-carboxylate (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2014 / 006945) + TX, (5-methyl-2-pyridyl)-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methanone + TX, (7E,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (9Z,11E)-tetradeca- 9,11-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (9Z,12E)-tetradeca-9,12-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (E)-6-methylhept-2-en-4-ol + TX, (E)-dec-5-en-1-yl acetate with (E)-dec-5-en-1-ol + TX, (E)-tridec-4-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (E,Z)-tetradeca-4,10- dien-1-yl acetate, + TX, (R)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide + TX, (Z)-dodec-7-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-hexadec-11-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-hexadec-11-enal + TX, (Z)- hexadec-13-en-11-yn-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-icos-13-en-10-one + TX, (Z)-tetradec-7-en-1-al + TX, (Z)-tetradec- 9-en-1-ol + TX, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z,2E)-5-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2- methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2018 / 153707) + TX, (Z,2E)-5-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-109925 | 83182 FFenamide + TX, , [2-[3-[2-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]thiazol-4-yl]-4,5- dihydroisoxazol-5-yl]-3-chloro-phenyl] methanesulfonate + TX, 1-(4,5-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4,4,5- trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 1-(4,5-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl- isoquinoline + TX, 1-(6,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 1-(6,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4,6-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 1-(6-chloro-7-methyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017 / 025510) + TX, 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-ethoxyethanol + TX, 1,1-dichloro-2,2- bis(4-ethylphenyl)ethane + TX, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane + TX, 1,2-dichloropropane with 1,3- dichloropropene + TX, 1,3-dichloropropene + TX, 1,3-dimethoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]urea + TX, 1-[2-[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-phenyl]-4-methyl- tetrazol-5-one + TX, 10-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, 14-methyloctadec-1-ene + TX, 1-bromo-2-chloroethane + TX, 1-dichloro-1-nitroethane + TX, 1-hydroxy-1H-pyridine-2-thione + TX, 1-methoxy-3-methyl-1-[[4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea + TX, 1-methyl-4-[3-methyl-2-[[2-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trimethylpyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl]phenyl]tetrazol-5-one + TX, 2- (difluoromethyl) - N- ((3R) - 1, 1, 3-trimethylindan- 4- yl) pyridine- 3- carboxamide + TX, 2- (difluoromethyl) - N- ((3R) - 1, 1, 3- trimethylindan- 4-yl) pyridine- 3- carboxamide + TX, 2-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)phenyl dimethylcarbamate + TX, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl piperonylate + TX, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl thiocyanate + TX, 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan- 2-yl)phenyl methylcarbamate + TX, 2-(4-chloro-3,5-xylyloxy)ethanol + TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-ethyl-1,1- dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide + TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4- yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide + TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3S)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3- carboxamide (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2014 / 095675) + TX, 2- (difluoromethyl)-N-[3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide + TX, 2-(octylthio)ethanol + TX,2,2,2-trichloro-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl acetate + TX, 2,2-dichlorovinyl 2-ethylsulfinylethyl methyl phosphate+ TX, 2,2-difluoro-N-methyl-2-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]acetamide + TX, 2,4- dichlorophenyl benzenesulfonate + TX, 2,6-Dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)- tetrone (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2011 / 138281) + TX, 2-[2-fluoro- 6-[(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)oxy]phenyl]propan-2-ol + TX, 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3- pyridyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2017 / 029179) + TX, 2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2017 / 029179) + TX, 2-chlorovinyl diethyl phosphate + TX, 2-fluoro-N-methyl-N-1-naphthylacetamide + TX, 2-imidazolidone + TX, 2-isovalerylindan-1,3- dione + TX, 2-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)aminophenyl methylcarbamate + TX, 2-oxo-N-propyl-2-[4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]acetamide (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2018 / 065414) + TX, 2-thiocyanatoethyl laurate + TX, 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1- isoquinolyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclopenta[e]benzimidazole (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2016 / 156085) + TX, 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,4-dihydro-3,3-dimethylisoquinolin-1-yl)quinolone + TX, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine + TX, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyrazole- 4-carboxamide + TX, 3,4-dichlorotetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide + TX, 3-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-109925 | 83182 FFfluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-propyl]imidazole-4-carbonitrile (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2016 / 156290) + TX, 3-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-2-hydroxy- propyl]imidazole-4-carbonitrile (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2016 / 156290) + TX, 3-bromo-1-chloroprop-1-ene + TX, 3-chloro-6-methyl-5-phenyl-4-(2,4,6- trifluorophenyl)pyridazine + TX, 3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (3',4',5'-trifluoro- biphenyl-2-yl)-amide + TX, 3-ethyl-1-methoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea+ TX, 3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-yl dimethylcarbamate + TX, 4- (2- bromo- 4- fluorophenyl) - N- (2- chloro- 6-fluorophenyl) - 1, 3- dimethyl- 1H- pyrazol- 5- amine + TX, 4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5-phenyl-pyridazine-3-carbonitrile + TX, 4-(2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-3-amine + TX, 4-(quinoxalin-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide + TX, 4,4-difluoro-1-(5-fluoro-4-methyl-benzimidazol-1-yl)- 3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(6-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)isoquinoline + TX, 4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)isoquinoline + TX, 4,4-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one + TX, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1- difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy] benzonitrile + TX, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)- 1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-sulfanyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy] benzonitrile + TX, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4- difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-thioxo-4H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy] benzonitrile + TX, 4-chloro-2-(2-chloro-2-methyl-propyl)-5-[(6-iodo-3-pyridyl)methoxy]pyridazin-3-one + TX, 4-chlorophenyl phenyl sulfone + TX, 4-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)amino-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate + TX, 4-methylnonan-5-ol with 4- methylnonan-5-one + TX, 5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hexylcyclohex-2-enone + TX, 5,5-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one + TX, 5,5-dimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1- enyl dimethylcarbamate + TX, 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol zinc salt (2:1) + TX, 5-methyl-6-thioxo-1,3,5- thiadiazinan-3-ylacetic acid + TX, 6-chloro-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2- difluoro-ethyl]-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2020 / 109391) + TX, 6-chloro-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]- 5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2020 / 109391) + TX, 6-chloro-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(4-methylbenzimidazol-1-yl)isoquinoline + TX, 6-chloro-N-[2-(2-chloro-4- methyl-phenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide(may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2020 / 109391) + TX, 6-ethyl-5,7-dioxo-pyrrolo[4,5][1,4]dithiino[1,2-c]isothiazole-3-carbonitrile + TX, 6-isopentenylaminopurine + TX, 8-fluoro-N-[(1R)- 1-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, 8-fluoro-N-[(1S)-1-[(3- fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate + TX, acethion + TX, acetoprole + TX, acibenzolar + TX, acibenzolar-S-methyl + TX, acrylonitrile + TX, Adoxophyes orana GV + TX, Agrobacterium radiobacter + TX, aldoxycarb + TX, aldrin + TX, allosamidin + TX, allyxycarb + TX, alpha-chlorohydrin + TX, alpha-ecdysone + TX, alpha-multistriatin + TX, aluminium phosphide + TX, Amblyseius spp. + TX, amectotractin + TX, ametoctradin + TX, amidithion + TX, amidothioate + TX, aminocarb + TX, aminopyrifen + TX, amisulbrom + TX, amiton + TX, amiton hydrogen oxalate + TX, amitraz + TX, anabasine + TX, Anagrapha falcifera NPV + TX, Anagrus atomus + TX, ancymidol + TX, anilazine + TX, anisiflupurin + TX, anthraquinone + TX, antu + TX, Aphelinus abdominalis + TX, Aphidius colemani + TX,109925 | 83182 FFAphidoletes aphidimyza + TX, apholate + TX, aramite + TX, arsenous oxide + TX, athidathion + TX, Autographa californica NPV + TX, azaconazole + TX, azamethiphos + TX, azobenzene + TX, azothoate + TX, azoxystrobin + TX, Bacillus sphaericus Neide + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxins + TX, barium carbonate + TX, barium hexafluorosilicate + TX, barium polysulfide + TX, barthrin + TX, Bayer 22 / 190 + TX, Bayer 22408 + TX, Beauveria brongniartii + TX, benalaxyl + TX, benclothiaz + TX, benomyl + TX, benoxafos + TX, benthiavalicarb + TX, benzothiostrobin + TX, benzovindiflupyr + TX, benzyl benzoate + TX, beta-cyfluthrin + TX, beta- cypermethrin + TX, bethoxazin + TX, bioethanomethrin + TX, biopermethrin + TX, bis(2-chloroethyl) ether + TX, bis(tributyltin) oxide + TX, bisazir + TX, bisthiosemi + TX, bitertanol + TX, bixafen + TX, blasticidin-S + TX, borax + TX, bordeaux mixture + TX, boscalid + TX, brevicomin + TX, brodifacoum + TX, brofenvalerate + TX, bromadiolone + TX, bromethalin + TX, bromfenvinfos + TX, bromoacetamide + TX, bromocyclen + TX, bromo- DDT + TX, bromophos + TX, bromopropylate + TX, bromuconazole + TX, bronopol + TX, bufencarb + TX, bupirimate + TX, buprofezin + TX, busulfan + TX, but-3-ynyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl- methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate + TX, butacarb + TX, butathiofos + TX, butocarboxim + TX, butonate + TX, butopyronoxyl + TX, butoxy(polypropylene glycol) + TX, butoxycarboxim + TX, butylpyridaben + TX, calcium arsenate + TX, calcium cyanide + TX, calcium polysulfide + TX, camphechlor + TX, captafol + TX, captan + TX, carbanolate + TX, carbendazim + TX, carbon disulfide + TX, carbon tetrachloride + TX, carbophenothion + TX, carboxin + TX, cartap hydrochloride + TX, CAS Number: 2049581-78-2 + TX, CAS Number: 2454319-63-0 + TX, CAS Number: 3052252-62-4 + TX, CAS Number: 3052252-63-5 + TX, CAS Number: 83-46-5 + TX, cevadine + TX, chinomethionat + TX, chloralose + TX, chlorbenside + TX, chlorbicyclen + TX, chlordane + TX, chlordecone + TX, chlordimeform + TX, chlordimeform hydrochloride + TX, chlorfenethol + TX, chlorfenson + TX, chlorfensulfide + TX, chlorobenzilate + TX, chloroform + TX, chloroinconazide + TX, chloromebuform + TX, chloromethiuron + TX, chloroneb + TX, chlorophacinone + TX, chloropicrin + TX, chloropropylate + TX, chlorothalonil + TX, chlorphoxim + TX, chlorprazophos + TX, chlorthiophos + TX, chlozolinate + TX, cholecalciferol + TX, Chrysoperla carnea + TX, cinerin I + TX, cinerin II + TX, cinerins + TX, cismethrin + TX, cis-resmethrin + TX, clocythrin + TX, closantel + TX, codlelure + TX, codlemone + TX, copper acetoarsenite + TX, copper arsenate + TX, copper dioctanoate + TX, copper hydroxide + TX, copper naphthenate + TX, copper oleate + TX, copper oxide + TX, copper oxychloride + TX, copper sulfate + TX, coumachlor + TX, coumafuryl + TX, coumaphos + TX, coumatetralyl + TX, coumethoxystrobin (jiaxiangjunzhi) + TX, coumithoate + TX, coumoxystrobin + TX, cresol + TX, crimidine + TX, crotamiton + TX, crotoxyphos +TX, crufomate + TX, cryolite + TX, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri + TX, CS 708 + TX, cuelure + TX, cufraneb +TX, cyanofenphos + TX, cyanophos + TX, cyanthoate + TX, cyazofamid + TX, cybutryne + TX, cyclethrin + TX, cyclobutrifluram + TX, Cydia pomonella GV + TX, cyflufenamid + TX, cymiazole + TX, cymoxanil + TX, cyproconazole + TX, cyprodinil + TX, cythioate + TX, cytokinins + TX, Dacnusa sibirica + TX, DAEP + TX, dazomet + TX, DCIP + TX, DCPM + TX, DDT + TX, debacarb + TX, decarbofuran + TX, demephion + TX, demephion-O + TX, demephion-S + TX, demeton-methyl + TX, demeton-O + TX, demeton-O-methyl + TX, demeton-S + TX, demeton-S-methyl + TX, demeton-S-methylsulfon + TX, diamidafos + TX, dibutyl adipate + TX, dibutyl phthalate + TX, dibutyl succinate + TX, dicapthon + TX, dichlobentiazox + TX, dichlofenthion + TX, dichlofluanid + TX, dichlone + TX, dichlorophen + TX, dichlorvos + TX, dichlozoline + TX, dicliphos + TX,109925 | 83182 FFdiclocymet + TX, diclomezine + TX, dicloran + TX, dicresyl + TX, dicyclanil + TX, dicyclopentadiene + TX, dieldrin + TX, dienochlor + TX, diethofencarb + TX, diethyl 5-methylpyrazol-3-yl phosphate + TX, diethyltoluamide + TX, difenacoum + TX, difenoconazole + TX, difethialone + TX, diflovidazin + TX, Diglyphus isaea + TX, dilor + TX, dimatif + TX, dimefluthrin + TX, dimefox + TX, dimetan + TX, dimethirimol + TX, dimethomorph + TX, dimethrin + TX, dimethyl carbate + TX, dimethyl phthalate + TX, dimethylvinphos + TX, dimetilan + TX, dimoxystrobin + TX, dinex + TX, dinex-diclexine + TX, diniconazole + TX, dinocap-4 + TX, dinocap-6 + TX, dinocton + TX, dinopenton + TX, dinoprop + TX, dinosam + TX, dinoseb + TX, dinosulfon + TX, dinoterbon + TX, diofenolan + TX, dioxabenzofos + TX, dioxathion + TX, diphacinone + TX, diphenyl sulfone + TX, dipymetitrone + TX, dipyrithione + TX, disparlure + TX, disulfiram + TX, dithianon + TX, dithicrofos + TX, DNOC + TX, dodec-8-en-1-yl acetate + TX, dodec-9-en-1-yl acetate + TX, dodeca-8 + TX, dodemorph + TX, dodicin + TX, dodine + TX, dofenapyn + TX, dominicalure + TX, doramectin + TX, DSP + TX, d- tetramethrin + TX, ecdysterone + TX, edifenphos + TX, EI 1642 + TX, EMPC + TX, Encarsia formosa + TX, endothal + TX, endothion + TX, enestroburin + TX, enoxastrobin + TX, EPBP + TX, epoxiconazole + TX, eprinomectin + TX, Eretmocerus eremicus + TX, ergocalciferol + TX, etaphos + TX, ethaboxam + TX, ethiofencarb + TX, ethirimol + TX, ethoate-methyl + TX, ethyl 1-[[4-[(Z)-2-ethoxy-3,3,3-trifluoro-prop-1- enoxy]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-3-carboxylate (may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2020 / 056090) + TX, ethyl 1-[[4-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methoxy]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-3- carboxylate (may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2020 / 056090) + TX, ethyl 1-[[4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxylate + TX, ethyl 1-[[5-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-2-thienyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxylate (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2018 / 158365) + TX, ethyl 4-methyloctanoate + TX, ethyl formate + TX, ethyl hexanediol + TX, ethylene dibromide + TX, ethylene dichloride + TX, ethylene oxide + TX, etridiazole+ TX, etrimfos + TX, eugenol + TX, EXD + TX, famoxadone + TX, farnesol + TX, farnesol with nerolidol + TX,fenamidone + TX, fenaminosulf + TX, fenaminstrobin + TX, fenarimol + TX, fenazaflor + TX, fenbuconazole + TX, fenbutatin oxide + TX, fenchlorphos + TX, feneptamidoquin (CAS Number: 2132414-04-9) + TX, fenethacarb + TX, fenfuram + TX, fenhexamid + TX, fenitrothion + TX, fenopyramid (CAS Number: 2344721- 61-3) + TX, fenothiocarb + TX, fenoxacrim + TX, fenoxanil + TX, fenpiclonil + TX, fenpicoxamid + TX, fenpirithrin + TX, fenpropidin + TX, fenpropimorph + TX, fenpyrad + TX, fenpyrazamine + TX, fenpyroximate + TX, fenson + TX, fensulfothion + TX, fenthion + TX, fenthion-ethyl + TX, fentin + TX, fentrifanil + TX, ferbam + TX, ferimzone + TX, ferric phosphate + TX, flocoumafen + TX, florylpicoxamid + TX, fluazinam + TX, flubeneteram + TX, flubenzimine + TX, flucofuron + TX, flucycloxuron + TX, fludioxonil + TX, fluenetil + TX, flufenoxadiazam + TX, flufenoxystrobin + TX, fluindapyr + TX, flumetylsulforim + TX, flumorph + TX, fluopicolide + TX, fluopimomide+ TX, fluopyram + TX, fluorbenside + TX, fluoroacetamide + TX, fluoroimide + TX, fluoxapiprolin + TX,fluoxastrobin + TX, fluoxytioconazole + TX, flupropadine + TX, flupropadine hydrochloride + TX, fluquinconazole + TX, flusilazole + TX, flusulfamide + TX, flutianil + TX, flutolanil + TX, flutriafol + TX, fluxapyroxad + TX, FMC 1137 + TX, folpet + TX, formaldehyde + TX, formetanate + TX, formetanate hydrochloride + TX, formparanate + TX, fosetyl-aluminium + TX, fosmethilan + TX, fospirate + TX, fosthietan+ TX, frontalin + TX, fuberidazole + TX, furalaxyl + TX, furametpyr + TX, furathiocarb + TX, furethrin + TX,109925 | 83182 FFfurfural + TX, gamma-HCH + TX, glyodin + TX, grandlure + TX, grandlure I + TX, grandlure II + TX, grandlure III + TX, grandlure IV + TX, guazatine + TX, guazatine acetates + TX, halfenprox + TX, HCH + TX, hemel +TX, hempa + TX, HEOD + TX, heptachlor + TX, heterophos + TX, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H. megidis+ TX, hexaconazole + TX, hexadecyl cyclopropanecarboxylate + TX, hexalure + TX, hexamide + TX, HHDN + TX, Hippodamia convergens + TX, hydrargaphen + TX, hydrated lime + TX, hydrogen cyanide + TX, hymexazol + TX, hyquincarb + TX, imanin + TX, imazalil + TX, imibenconazole + TX, iminoctadine + TX, inpyrfluxam + TX, ipconazole + TX, ipfentrifluconazole + TX, ipflufenoquin + TX, iprobenphos + TX, iprodione + TX, iprovalicarb + TX, ipsdienol + TX, ipsenol + TX, IPSP + TX, isamidofos + TX, isazofos + TX, isobenzan + TX, isocarbophos + TX, isodrin + TX, isofenphos + TX, isofetamid + TX, isoflucypram + TX, isolane + TX,isoprothiolane + TX, isopyrazam + TX, isotianil + TX, isoxathion + TX, japonilure + TX, jasmolin I + TX, jasmolinII + TX, jodfenphos + TX, juvenile hormone I + TX, juvenile hormone II + TX, juvenile hormone III + TX, kadethrin + TX, kasugamycin + TX, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate + TX, kelevan + TX, kinetin + TX, kinoprene + TX, kresoxim-methyl + TX, lead arsenate + TX, Leptomastix dactylopii + TX, leptophos + TX, lindane + TX, lineatin + TX, lirimfos + TX, litlure + TX, looplure + TX, lvbenmixianan + TX, lythidathion + TX, Macrolophus caliginosus + TX, magnesium phosphide + TX, malonoben + TX, Mamestra brassicae NPV + TX, mancopper + TX, mancozeb + TX, mandestrobin + TX, mandipropamid + TX, maneb + TX, mazidox + TX, m-cumenyl methylcarbamate + TX, mecarbam + TX, mecarphon + TX, medlure + TX, mefentrifluconazole + TX,megatomoic acid + TX, menazon + TX, mepanipyrim + TX, meperfluthrin + TX, mephosfolan + TX, mepronil +TX, mercuric oxide + TX, mercurous chloride + TX, mesulfen + TX, mesulfenfos + TX, metalaxyl + TX, metam + TX, metam-potassium + TX, metam-sodium + TX, Metaphycus helvolus + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae + TX, metarylpicoxamid + TX, metconazole + TX, metepa + TX, methacrifos + TX, methanesulfonyl fluoride + TX, methasulfocarb + TX, methiotepa + TX, methocrotophos + TX, methoprene + TX, methoquin-butyl + TX, methothrin + TX, methoxychlor + TX, methyl (Z)-2-(5-cyclohexyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate + TX, methyl (Z)-2-(5-cyclopentyl-2-methyl- phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2020 / 193387) + TX, methyl (Z)-2-[5-(3-isopropylpyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-phenoxy]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate + TX, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-(3-propylpyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy]prop-2-enoate + TX, methyl (Z)-3- methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-(4-propyltriazol-2-yl)phenoxy]prop-2-enoate + TX, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5- [3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]phenoxy]prop-2-enoate (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2020 / 079111) + TX, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)triazol-2- yl]phenoxy]prop-2-enoate + TX, methyl apholate + TX, methyl bromide + TX, methyl eugenol + TX, methyl isothiocyanate + TX, methyl N-[[4-[1-(2,6-difluoro-4-isopropyl-phenyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-2-methyl- phenyl]methyl]carbamate (may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2020 / 097012) + TX, methyl N- [[4-[1-(4-cyclopropyl-2,6-difluoro-phenyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-2-methyl-phenyl]methyl]carbamate (may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2020 / 097012) + TX, methyl N-[[5-[4-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)triazol-2-yl]-2- methyl-phenyl]methyl]carbamate + TX, methylchloroform + TX, methylene chloride + TX, methylneodecanamide + TX, metiram + TX, metolcarb + TX, metomi-nostrobin + TX, metoxadiazone + TX,metrafenone + TX, metyltetraprole + TX, MGK 264 + TX, milbemycin oxime + TX, mipafox + TX, mirex + TX,109925 | 83182 FFmonocrotophos + TX, morphothion + TX, morzid + TX, moxidectin + TX, muscalure + TX, myclobutanil + TX, myclozoline + TX, Myrothecium verrucaria composition + TX, N-((1R)-1-benzyl-3-chloro-1-methyl-but-3-enyl)- 8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017 / 153380) + TX, N-((1S)-1-benzyl-3-chloro-1-methyl-but-3-enyl)-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017 / 153380) + TX, N'-(2,5-dimethyl- 4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, N'-(2-chloro-5-methyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N- methyl-formamidine + TX, N,2-dimethoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide + TX, N,N-dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine (THESE COMPOUNDS may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2017 / 055473, WO 2017 / 055469, WO 2017 / 093348 and WO 2017 / 118689) + TX, N-[(1R)-1-benzyl-1,3- dimethyl-butyl]-7,8-difluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1R)-1-benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]-8-fluoro- quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1R)-1-benzyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-methyl-propyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3- carboxamide + TX, N-[(1S)-1-benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]-7,8-difluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1S)-1- benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1S)-1-benzyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-methyl- propyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(E)-methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide + TX, N-[(Z)-methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]benzamide + TX, N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide + TX, N-[2-[2,4- dichloro-phenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide + TX, N-[2-[2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide + TX, N'-[2-chloro-4-(2- fluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2016 / 202742) + TX, N'-[4-(4,5-dichlorothiazol-2-yl)oxy-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl- N-methyl-formamidine + TX, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl- formamidine + TX, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-isopropyl-N-methyl- formamidine (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2015 / 155075) + TX, N'- [5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(2-propoxypropoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in IPCOM000249876D) + TX, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-[(1R)-1-methyl-2- propoxy-ethoxy]-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-[(1S)-1-methyl-2- propoxy-ethoxy]-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, N'-[5-chloro-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy- ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, N-[N-methoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2018 / 202428) + TX, N’-[4-(1-cyclopropyl-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl- phenyl]-N-isopropyl-N-methyl-formamidine (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2018 / 228896) + TX, nabam + TX, naftalofos + TX, naled + TX, naphthalene + TX, NC-170 + TX, Neodiprion sertifer NPV and N. lecontei NPV + TX, nerolidol + TX, N-ethyl-2-methyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide + TX, N-ethyl-N’-[5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-[(2- trifluoromethyl)oxetan-2-yl]phenyl]-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) + TX, niclosamide-olamine + TX, nicotine + TX, nicotine sulfate + TX, nifluridide + TX, nikkomycins + TX, N-isopropyl- N’-[5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-ethyl)phenyl]-N-methyl-formamidine + TX,109925 | 83182 FFnithiazine + TX, nitrapyrin + TX, nitrilacarb + TX, nitrilacarb 1:1 zinc chloride complex + TX, nitrothal-isopropyl + TX, N-methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide + TX, N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide + TX, N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]benzenecarbothioamide + TX, norbormide + TX, nuarimol + TX, O,O,O',O'-tetrapropyl dithiopyrophosphate + TX, octadeca-2,13-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, octadeca-3,13-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, octhilinone + TX, ofurace + TX, oleic acid + TX, omethoate + TX, orfralure + TX, Orius spp. + TX, oryctalure + TX, orysastrobin + TX, ostramone + TX, oxadixyl + TX, oxamate + TX, oxathiapiprolin + TX, oxine-copper + TX, oxolinic acid + TX, oxycarboxin + TX, oxydeprofos + TX, oxydisulfoton + TX, oxytetracycline + TX, paclobutrazole + TX, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus + TX, para-dichlorobenzene + TX, parathion + TX, parathion-methyl + TX, pefurazoate + TX, penconazole + TX, pencycuron + TX, penflufen + TX, penfluron + TX, pentachlorophenol + TX, pentachlorophenyl laurate + TX, penthiopyrad + TX, permethrin + TX, PH 60-38 + TX, phenamacril + TX, phenkapton + TX, phosacetim + TX, phosalone + TX, phosdiphen + TX, phosfolan + TX, phosglycin + TX, phosnichlor + TX, phosphamidon + TX, phosphine + TX, phosphorus + TX, phoxim- methyl + TX, phthalide + TX, Phytoseiulus persimilis + TX, picarbutrazox + TX, picaridin + TX, picoxystrobin + TX, pindone + TX, piperazine + TX, piperonyl butoxide + TX, piprotal + TX, pirimetaphos + TX, polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers + TX, polychloroterpenes + TX, polynactins + TX, polyoxins + TX, potassium arsenite + TX, potassium ethylxanthate + TX, potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate + TX, potassiumthiocyanate + TX, pp'-DDT + TX, precocene I + TX, precocene II + TX, precocene III + TX, primidophos + TX,probenazole + TX, prochloraz + TX, proclonol + TX, procymidone + TX, profluthrin + TX, promacyl + TX, promecarb + TX, propamocarb + TX, propiconazole + TX, propineb + TX, propoxur + TX, propyl isomer + TX, proquinazid + TX, prothidathion + TX, prothioconazole + TX, prothiofos + TX, prothoate + TX, pydiflumetofen + TX, pyraclostrobin + TX, pyrametostrobin + TX, pyraoxystrobin + TX, pyrapropoyne + TX, pyraziflumid + TX, pyrazophos + TX, pyresmethrin + TX, pyrethrin I + TX, pyrethrin II + TX, pyrethrins + TX, pyribencarb + TX, pyridachlometyl + TX, pyridaphenthion + TX, pyridin-4-amine + TX, pyrifenox + TX, pyrimethanil + TX, pyrimitate + TX, pyrimorph + TX, pyrinuron + TX, pyriofenone + TX, pyrisoxazole + TX, pyroquilon + TX, quassia + TX, quinalphos + TX, quinalphos-methyl + TX, quinoclamine + TX, quinofumelin + TX, quinonamid + TX, quinothion + TX, quinoxyfen + TX, quintiofos + TX, quintozene + TX, R-1492 + TX, rafoxanide + TX, resmethrin + TX, Reynoutria sachalinensis extract + TX, ribavirin + TX, R metalaxyl + TX, rotenone + TX, ryania + TX, ryanodine + TX, S421 + TX, sabadilla + TX, schradan + TX, scilliroside + TX, seboctylamine + TX, sebufos + TX, sedaxane + TX, selamectin + TX, sesamex + TX, sesasmolin + TX, SI-0009 + TX, siglure + TX, simazine + TX, simeconazole + TX, sodium arsenite + TX, sodium cyanide + TX, sodium fluoride + TX, sodium fluoroacetate + TX, sodium hexafluorosilicate + TX, sodium pentachlorophenoxide + TX, sodium selenate + TX, sodium tetrathiocarbonate + TX, sodium thiocyanate + TX, sophamide + TX, sordidin + TX, spiroxamine + TX, SSI-121 + TX, Steinernema bibionis + TX, Steinernema carpocapsae + TX, Steinernema feltiae + TX,Steinernema glaseri + TX, Steinernema riobrave + TX, Steinernema riobravis + TX, Steinernema scapterisci +TX, Steinernema spp. + TX, streptomycin + TX, streptomycin sesquisulfate + TX, strychnine + TX, sulcatol + TX, sulcofuron + TX, sulcofuron-sodium + TX, sulfiram + TX, sulfluramid + TX, sulfotep + TX, sulfoxide + TX, sulfur + TX, sulfuryl fluoride + TX, sulprofos + TX, tar oils + TX, tau-fluvalinate + TX, tazimcarb + TX, TDE +109925 | 83182 FFTX, tebuconazole + TX, tebufloquin + TX, tebupirimfos + TX, tecloftalam + TX, temephos + TX, tepa + TX, TEPP + TX, terallethrin + TX, terbam + TX, tert-butyl N-[6-[[[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl- methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate + TX, tetrachloroethane + TX, tetrachlorothiophene + TX, tetraconazole + TX, tetradec-11-en-1-yl acetate + TX, tetradifon + TX, tetramethylfluthrin + TX, tetrasul + TX, thallium sulfate + TX, thiabendazole + TX, thiafenox + TX, thiapronil + TX, thicrofos + TX, thifluzamide + TX, thiocarboxime + TX, thiocyclam + TX, thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate + TX, thiodiazole copper + TX, thiofanox + TX, thiohempa + TX, thiomersal + TX, thiometon + TX, thionazin + TX, thiophanate + TX, thiophanate-methyl + TX, thioquinox + TX, thiosultap + TX, thiosultap-sodium + TX, thiotepa + TX, thiram + TX, thuringiensin + TX, tiadinil + TX, tolclofos-methyl + TX, tolprocarb + TX, tolylfluanid + TX, tralomethrin + TX, transpermethrin + TX, tretamine + TX, triadimefon + TX, triadimenol + TX, triamiphos + TX, triarathene + TX, triazamate + TX, triazophos + TX, triazoxide + TX, triazuron + TX, tributyltin oxide + TX, trichlormetaphos-3 + TX, trichloronat + TX, Trichogramma spp. + TX, triclopyricarb + TX, tricyclazole + TX, tridemorph + TX, trifenmorph + TX, trifenofos + TX, trifloxystrobin + TX, triflumizole + TX, triforine + TX, trimedlure + TX, trimedlure A + TX, trimedlure B1 + TX, trimedlure B2 + TX, trimedlure C + TX, trimethacarb + TX, trinactin + TX, trinexapac + TX, triphenyltin acetate + TX, triphenyltin hydroxide + TX, triprene + TX, triticonazole + TX, trunc-call + TX, Typhlodromus occidentalis + TX, uredepa + TX, validamycin + TX, valifenalate + TX, vamidothion + TX, vaniliprole + TX, veratridine + TX, veratrine + TX, verbutin + TX, Verticillium lecanii + TX, vinclozoline + TX, warfarin + TX, XMC + TX, xylenols + TX, zeatin + TX, zetamethrin + TX, zhongshengmycin + TX, zinc naphthenate + TX, zinc phosphide + TX, zinc thiazole + TX, zineb + TX, ziram + TX, zolaprofos + TX, zoxamide+ TX, α- (1, 1- dimethylethyl) - α- [4'- (trifluoromethoxy) [1, 1'- biphenyl] - 4- yl] -5- pyrimidinemethanol + TX;Acinetobacter lwoffii + TX, Acremonium alternatum + TX, Acremonium cephalosporium + TX, Acremonium diospyri + TX, Acremonium obclavatum + TX, Adoxophyes orana granulovirus (AdoxGV) (Capex®) + TX, Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 (Galltrol-A®) + TX, Alternaria alternate + TX, Alternaria cassia + TX, Alternaria destruens (Smolder®) + TX, Ampelomyces quisqualis (AQ10®) + TX, Aspergillus flavus AF36 (AF36®) + TX, Aspergillus flavus NRRL 21882 (Aflaguard®) + TX, Aspergillus spp. + TX, Aureobasidium pullulans + TX, Azospirillum (MicroAZ®, TAZO B®) + TX, Azotobacter + TX, Azotobacter chroocuccum (Azotomeal®) + TX, Azotobacter cysts (Bionatural Blooming Blossoms®) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens +TX, Bacillus cereus + TX, Bacillus chitinosporus strain AQ746 + TX, Bacillus chitinosporus strain CM-1 + TX,Bacillus circulans + TX, Bacillus firmus (BioSafe®, BioNem-WP®) in particular strain CNMC 1-1582 (e.g. VOTIVO® from BASF SE) + TX, Bacillus licheniformis strain 3086 (EcoGuard®, Green Releaf®) + TX, Bacilluslicheniformis strain HB-2 (Biostart™ formerly Rhizoboost®) + TX, Bacillus macerans + TX, Bacillus marismortui+ TX, Bacillus megaterium + TX, Bacillus mycoides strain AQ726 + TX, Bacillus papillae (Milky Spore Powder®) + TX, Bacillus pumilus spp. + TX, Bacillus pumilus strain AQ717 + TX, Bacillus pumilus strain GB34 (Yield Shield®) + TX, Bacillus pumilus strain QST 2808 (Sonata®, Ballad Plus®) + TX, Bacillus sphaericus (VectoLex®) + TX, Bacillus spp. + TX, Bacillus spp. strain AQ175 + TX, Bacillus spp. strain AQ177 + TX, Bacillus spp. strain AQ178 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain AQ153 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain AQ743 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713 (CEASE®, Serenade®, Rhapsody®) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST 714 (JAZZ®) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST3002 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST3004 + TX, Bacillus subtilis109925 | 83182 FFvar. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 (Taegro®, Rhizopro®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai GC 91 (Agree®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Cry 2Ae + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (BMP123®, Aquabac®, VectoBac®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Javelin®, Deliver®, CryMax®, Bonide®, Scutella WP®, Turilav WP ®, Astuto®, Dipel WP®, Biobit®, Foray®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki BMP 123 (Baritone®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki HD-1 (Bioprotec-CAF / 3P®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis strain AQ52 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis strain BD#32 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis (Novodor®, BtBooster) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai (XenTari®, DiPel®) + TX, bacteria spp. (GROWMEND®, GROWSWEET®, Shootup®) + TX, bacteriophage of Clavipacter michiganensis (AgriPhage®, Bakflor®) + TX, Beauveria bassiana (Beaugenic®, Brocaril WP®) + TX, Beauveria bassiana GHA (Mycotrol ES®, Mycotrol O®, BotaniGuard®) + TX, Beauveria brongniartii (Engerlingspilz®, Schweizer Beauveria®, Melocont®) + TX, Beauveria spp. + TX, Botrytis cineria + TX, Bradyrhizobium japonicum (TerraMax®) + TX, Brevibacillus brevis + TX, Burkholderia cepacia (Deny®, Intercept®, Blue Circle®) + TX, Burkholderia gladii + TX, Burkholderia gladioli + TX, Burkholderia spp. + TX, Canadian thistle fungus (CBH Canadian Bioherbicide®) + TX, Candida butyri + TX, Candida famata + TX, Candida fructus + TX, Candida glabrata + TX, Candida guilliermondii + TX, Candida melibiosica + TX, Candida oleophila strain O + TX, Candida parapsilosis + TX, Candida pelliculosa + TX, Candida pulcherrima + TX, Candida reukaufii + TX, Candida saitoana (Bio-Coat®, Biocure®) + TX, Candida sake + TX, Candida spp. + TX, Candida tenius + TX, Cedecea davisae + TX, Cellulomonas flavigena + TX, Chaetomium cochliodes (Nova-Cide®) + TX, Chaetomium globosum (Nova-Cide®) + TX, Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1T (Grandevo®) + TX, Cladosporium chlorocephalum + TX, Cladosporium cladosporioides + TX, Cladosporium oxysporum + TX, Cladosporium spp. + TX, Cladosporium tenuissimum + TX, Clonostachys rosea (EndoFine®) + TX, Colletotrichum acutatum + TX, Coniothyrium minitans (Cotans WG®) + TX, Coniothyrium spp. + TX, Cryptococcus albidus (YIELDPLUS®) + TX, Cryptococcus humicola + TX, Cryptococcus infirmo-miniatus + TX, Cryptococcus laurentii + TX, Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (Cryptex®) + TX, Cupriavidus campinensis + TX, Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CYD-X®, Madex®, Madex® Plus, Madex Max, Carpovirusine® + TX, Cylindrobasidium laeve (Stumpout®) + TX, Cylindrocladium + TX, Debaryomyces hansenii + TX, Drechslera hawaiinensis + TX, Enterobacter cloacae + TX, Enterobacteriaceae + TX, Entomophtora virulenta (Vektor®) + TX, Epicoccum nigrum + TX, Epicoccum purpurascens + TX, Epicoccum spp. + TX, Filobasidium floriforme + TX, Fusarium acuminatum + TX, Fusarium chlamydosporum + TX, Fusarium oxysporum (Fusaclean®, Biofox C®) + TX, Fusarium proliferatum + TX, Fusarium spp. + TX, Galactomyces geotrichum + TX, Gliocladium catenulatum (Primastop®, Prestop®) + TX, Gliocladium roseum + TX, Gliocladium spp. (SoilGard®) + TX, Gliocladium virens (Soilgard®) + TX, Granulovirus (Granupom®) + TX, Halobacillus halophilus + TX, Halobacillus litoralis + TX, Halobacillus trueperi + TX, Halomonas spp. + TX, Halomonas subglaciescola + TX, Halovibrio variabilis + TX, Hanseniaspora uvarum + TX, Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (Helicovex®) + TX, Helicoverpa zea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Gemstar®) + TX, Isaria fumosorosea (previously known as Paecilomyces fumosoroseus strain, PFR-97®, PreFeRal®) + TX, Isoflavone formononetin (Myconate®) + TX, Kloeckera apiculata + TX, Kloeckera spp. + TX, Lagenidium giganteum (Laginex®) + TX, Lecanicillium lecanii (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii (Mycotal®) conidia of strain KV01109925 | 83182 FF(e.g. Vertalec® by Koppert / Arysta) + TX, Lecanicillium longisporum (Vertiblast®) + TX, Lecanicillium muscarium (Vertikil®) + TX, Lymantria Dispar nucleopolyhedrosis virus (Disparvirus®) + TX, Marinococcus halophilus + TX, Meira geulakonigii + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae (Destruxin WP®) + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae (Met52®) + TX, Metschnikowia fruticola (Shemer®) + TX, Metschnikowia pulcherrima + TX, Microdochium dimerum (Antibot®) + TX, Micromonospora coerulea + TX, Microsphaeropsis ochracea + TX, Muscodor albus 620 (Muscudor®) + TX, Muscodor roseus in particular strain A3-5 (Accession No. NRRL 30548) + TX, Mycorrhizae spp. (AMykor®, Root Maximizer®) + TX, Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255 (DiTera®, BROS PLUS®) + TX, Ophiostoma piliferum strain D97 (Sylvanex®) + TX, Paecilomyces farinosus + TX, Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 (MeloCon WG®) + TX, Paecilomyces linacinus (Biostat WP®) + TX, Paenibacillus polymyxa + TX, Pantoea agglomerans (BlightBan C9-1®) + TX, Pantoea spp. + TX, Pasteuria nishizawae in particular strain Pn1 (CLARIVA from Syngenta / ChemChina); + TX, Pasteuria spp. (Econem®) + TX, Penicillium aurantiogriseum + TX, Penicillium billai (Jumpstart®, TagTeam®) + TX, Penicillium brevicompactum + TX, Penicillium frequentans + TX, Penicillium griseofulvum + TX, Penicillium purpurogenum + TX, Penicillium spp. + TX, Penicillium viridicatum + TX, Phlebiopsis gigantean (Rotstop®) + TX, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Phosphomeal®) + TX, Phytophthora cryptogea + TX, Phytophthora palmivora (Devine®) + TX, Pichia anomala + TX, Pichia guilliermondii + TX, Pichia membranaefaciens + TX, Pichia onychis + TX, Pichia stipites + TX, Pseudomonas aeruginosa + TX, Pseudomonas aureofasciens (Spot-Less Biofungicide®) + TX, Pseudomonas cepacia + TX, Pseudomonas chlororaphis (AtEze®) + TX, Pseudomonas corrugate + TX, Pseudomonas fluorescens (Zequanox®) + TX, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 (BlightBan A506®) + TX, Pseudomonas putida + TX, Pseudomonas reactans + TX, Pseudomonas spp. + TX, Pseudomonas syringae (Bio-Save®) + TX, Pseudomonas viridiflava + TX, Pseudozyma flocculosa strain PF-A22 UL (Sporodex L®) + TX, Puccinia canaliculata + TX, Puccinia thlaspeos (Wood Warrior®) + TX, Pythium paroecandrum + TX, Pythium oligandrum (Polygandron®, Polyversum®) + TX, Pythium periplocum + TX, Rhanella aquatilis + TX, Rhanella spp. + TX, Rhizobia (Dormal®, Vault®) + TX, Rhizoctonia + TX, Rhodococcus globerulus strain AQ719 + TX, Rhodosporidium diobovatum + TX, Rhodosporidium toruloides + TX, Rhodotorula glutinis + TX, Rhodotorula graminis + TX, Rhodotorula mucilagnosa + TX, Rhodotorula rubra + TX, Rhodotorula spp. + TX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae + TX, Salinococcus roseus + TX, Sclerotinia minor (SARRITOR®) + TX, Sclerotinia minor + TX, Scytalidium spp. + TX, Scytalidium uredinicola + TX, Serratia marcescens + TX, Serratia plymuthica + TX, Serratia spp. + TX, Sordaria fimicola + TX, Spodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Spod-X®, Spexit®) + TX, Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (Littovir®) + TX, Sporobolomyces roseus + TX, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia + TX, Streptomyces albaduncus + TX, Streptomyces exfoliates + TX, Streptomyces galbus + TX, Streptomyces griseoplanus + TX, Streptomycesgriseoviridis (Mycostop®) + TX, Streptomyces hygroscopicus + TX, Streptomyces lydicus (Actinovate®) + TX,Streptomyces lydicus WYEC-108 (ActinoGrow®) + TX, Streptomyces violaceus + TX, Tilletiopsis minor + TX, Tilletiopsis spp. + TX, Trichoderma asperellum (T34 Biocontrol®) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride (Plantmate®) + TX, Trichoderma gamsii (Tenet®) + TX, Trichoderma hamatum TH 382 + TX, Trichoderma harzianum rifai (Mycostar®) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum T-22 (Trianum-P®, PlantShield HC®, RootShield®, Trianum-G® + TX, Trichoderma harzianum T-39 (Trichodex®) + TX, Trichoderma inhamatum + TX, Trichoderma koningii +109925 | 83182 FFTX, Trichoderma lignorum + TX, Trichoderma longibrachiatum + TX, Trichoderma polysporum (Binab T®) + TX, Trichoderma spp. LC 52 (Sentinel®) + TX, Trichoderma taxi + TX, Trichoderma virens (formerly Gliocladium virens GL-21) (SoilGuard®) + TX, Trichoderma virens + TX, Trichoderma viride + TX, Trichoderma viride strain ICC 080 (Remedier®) + TX, Trichosporon pullulans + TX, Trichosporon spp. + TX, Trichothecium roseum + TX, Trichothecium spp. + TX, Typhula phacorrhiza strain 94670 + TX, Typhula phacorrhiza strain 94671 + TX, Ulocladium atrum + TX, Ulocladium oudemansii (Botry-Zen®) + TX, Ustilago maydis + TX, various bacteria and supplementary micronutrients (Natural II®) + TX, various fungi (Millennium Microbes®) + TX, Verticillium chlamydosporium + TX, Vip3Aa20 (VIPtera®) + TX, Virgibaclillus marismortui + TX, Xanthomonas campestris pv. Poae (Camperico®) + TX, Xenorhabdus bovienii + TX, Xenorhabdus nematophilus + TX; AGNIQUE® MMF + TX, azadirachtin (Plasma Neem Oil®, AzaGuard®, MeemAzal®, Molt-X® e.g. AZATIN XL from Certis, US) + TX, Botanical IGR (Neemazad®, Neemix®) + TX, BugOil® + TX, canola oil (Lilly Miller Vegol®) + TX, Chenopodium ambrosioides near ambrosioides (Requiem®) + TX, Chrysanthemum extract (Crisant®) + TX, essentials oils of Labiatae (Botania®) + TX, extract of neem oil (Trilogy®) + TX, extracts of clove rosemary peppermint and thyme oil (Garden insect killer®) + TX, garlic + TX, Glycinebetaine (Greenstim®) + TX, kaolin (Screen®) + TX, lemongrass oil (GreenMatch®) + TX, Melaleuca alternifolia extract (also called tea tree oil) (Timorex Gold®) + TX, mixture of clove pepermint garlic oil and mint (Soil Shot®) + TX, mixture of clove rosemary and peppermint extract (EF 400®) + TX, mixture of rosemary sesame pepermintthyme and cinnamon extracts (EF 300®) + TX, neem oil + TX, Nepeta cataria (Catnip oil) + TX, Nepeta catarina+ TX, nicotine + TX, oregano oil (MossBuster®) + TX, Pedaliaceae oil (Nematon®) + TX, pine oil (Retenol®) +TX, pyrethrum + TX, Quillaja saponaria (NemaQ®) + TX, Reynoutria sachalinensis (Regalia®, Sakalia®) + TX,rotenone (Eco Roten®) + TX, Rutaceae plant extract (Soleo®) + TX, soybean oil (Ortho ecosense®) + TX, storage glucam of brown algae (Laminarin®) + TX, thyme oil + TX; (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadien-1-yl acetate + TX, (E,Z,Z)-3,8,11 Tetradecatrienyl acetate + TX, (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13- Hexadecatrienal + TX, 2-Methyl-1-butanol + TX, Biolure® + TX, blackheaded fireworm pheromone (3M Sprayable Blackheaded Fireworm Pheromone®) + TX, Calcium acetate + TX, Check-Mate® + TX, Codling Moth Pheromone (Paramount dispenser-(CM) / Isomate C-Plus®) + TX, Entostat powder (extract from palm tree) (Exosex CM®) + TX, Grape Berry Moth Pheromone (3M MEC-GBM Sprayable Pheromone®) + TX,Lavandulyl senecioate + TX, Leafroller pheromone (3M MEC – LR Sprayable Pheromone®) + TX, Muscamone(Snip7 Fly Bait® + TX, Oriental Fruit Moth Pheromone (3M oriental fruit moth sprayable pheromone®) + TX, Peachtree Borer Pheromone (Isomate-P®) + TX, Scenturion® + TX, Starbar Premium Fly Bait®) + TX, Tomato Pinworm Pheromone (3M Sprayable pheromone®) + TX; Acerophagus papaya + TX, Adalia bipunctata (Adalia-System®) + TX, Adalia bipunctata (Adaline®) + TX, Adalia bipunctata (Aphidalia®) + TX, Ageniaspis citricola + TX, Ageniaspis fuscicollis + TX, Amblyseius andersoni (Anderline®, Andersoni-System®) + TX, Amblyseius californicus (Amblyline®, Spical®) + TX, Amblyseius cucumeris (Thripex®, Bugline cucumeris®) + TX, Amblyseius fallacis (Fallacis®) + TX, Amblyseius swirskii (Bugline swirskii®, Swirskii-Mite®) + TX, Amblyseius womersleyi (WomerMite®) + TX, Amitus hesperidum + TX, Anagrus atomus + TX, Anagyrus fusciventris + TX, Anagyrus kamali + TX, Anagyrus loecki+ TX, Anagyrus pseudococci (Citripar®) + TX, Anicetus benefices + TX, Anisopteromalus calandrae + TX,109925 | 83182 FFAnthocoris nemoralis (Anthocoris-System®) + TX, Aphelinus abdominalis (Apheline®, Aphiline®), + TX, Aphelinus asychis + TX, Aphidius colemani (Aphipar®) + TX, Aphidius ervi (Aphelinus-System®) + TX, Aphidius ervi (Ervipar®) + TX, Aphidius gifuensis + TX, Aphidius matricariae (Aphipar-M®) + TX, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Aphidend®, Aphidoline®) + TX, Aphytis lingnanensis + TX, Aphytis melinus + TX, Aprostocetus hagenowii + TX, Atheta coriaria (Staphyline®) + TX, Bombus spp. + TX, Bombus terrestris (Beeline®, Tripol®) + TX, Bombus terrestris (Natupol Beehive®) + TX, Cephalonomia stephanoderis + TX, Chilocorus nigritus + TX, Chrysoperla carnea (Chrysoline®, Chrysopa®) + TX, Chrysoperla rufilabris + TX, Cirrospilus ingenuus + TX, Cirrospilus quadristriatus + TX, Citrostichus phyllocnistoides + TX, Closterocerus chamaeleon + TX, Closterocerus spp. + TX, Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Planopar®) + TX, Coccophagus cowperi + TX, Coccophagus lycimnia + TX, Cotesia flavipes + TX, Cotesia plutellae + TX, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Cryptobug®, Cryptoline®) + TX, Cybocephalus nipponicus + TX, Dacnusa sibirica (Minusa®, DacDigline®, Minex®) + TX, Delphastus catalinae (Delphastus®) + TX, Delphastus pusillus + TX, Diachasmimorpha krausii + TX, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata + TX, Diaparsis jucunda + TX, Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis + TX, Diglyphus isaea (Diminex®, Miglyphus®, Digline®) + TX, Diversinervus spp. + TX, Encarsia citrina + TX, Encarsia formosa (Encarsia max®, Encarline®, En-Strip®) + TX, Encarsia guadeloupae + TX, Encarsia haitiensis + TX, Episyrphus balteatus (Syrphidend®) + TX, Eretmoceris siphonini + TX, Eretmocerus californicus + TX, Eretmocerus eremicus (Enermix®, Ercal®, Eretline e®, Bemimix®) + TX, Eretmocerus hayati + TX, Eretmocerus mundus (Bemipar®, Eretline m®) + TX, Eretmocerus siphonini + TX, Exochomus quadripustulatus + TX, Feltiella acarisuga (Feltiline®) + TX, Feltiella acarisuga (Spidend®) + TX, Fopius arisanus + TX, Fopius ceratitivorus + TX, Formononetin (Wirless Beehome®) + TX, Franklinothrips vespiformis (Vespop®) + TX, Galendromus occidentalis + TX, Goniozus legneri + TX, Habrobracon hebetor + TX, Harmonia axyridis (HarmoBeetle®) + TX, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (NemaShield HB®, Nemaseek®, Terranem-Nam®, Terranem®, Larvanem®, B-Green®, NemAttack ®, Nematop®) + TX, Heterorhabditis megidis (Nemasys H®, BioNem H®, Exhibitline hm®, Larvanem-M®) + TX, Heterorhabditis spp. (Lawn Patrol®) + TX, Hippodamia convergens + TX, Hypoaspis aculeifer (Aculeifer-System®, Entomite-A®) + TX, Hypoaspis miles (Hypoline m®, Entomite-M®) + TX, Lbalia leucospoides + TX, Lecanoideus floccissimus + TX, Lemophagus errabundus + TX, Leptomastidea abnormis + TX, Leptomastix dactylopii + TX, Leptomastix epona + TX, Lindorus lophanthae + TX, Lipolexis oregmae + TX, Lucilia caesar (Natufly®) + TX, Lysiphlebus testaceipes + TX, Macrolophus caliginosus (Mirical-N®, Macroline c®, Mirical®) + TX, Mesoseiulus longipes + TX, Metaphycus flavus + TX, Metaphycus lounsburyi + TX, Micromus angulatus (Milacewing®) + TX, Microterys flavus + TX, Muscidifurax raptorellus and Spalangia cameroni (Biopar®) + TX, Neodryinus typhlocybae + TX, Neoseiulus californicus + TX, Neoseiulus cucumeris (THRYPEX®) + TX, Neoseiulus fallacis+ TX, Nesideocoris tenuis (NesidioBug®, Nesibug®) + TX, Ophyra aenescens (Biofly®) + TX, Orius insidiosus(Thripor-I®, Oriline i®) + TX, Orius laevigatus (Thripor-L®, Oriline l®) + TX, Orius majusculus (Oriline m®) +TX, Orius strigicollis (Thripor-S®) + TX, Pauesia juniperorum + TX, Pediobius foveolatus + TX,Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Nemaslug®) + TX, Phymastichus coffea + TX, Phytoseiulus macropilus + TX, Phytoseiulus persimilis (Spidex®, Phytoline p®) + TX, Podisus maculiventris (Podisus®) + TX, Pseudacteon curvatus + TX, Pseudacteon obtusus + TX, Pseudacteon tricuspis + TX, Pseudaphycus maculipennis + TX,109925 | 83182 FFPseudleptomastix mexicana + TX, Psyllaephagus pilosus + TX, Psyttalia concolor (complex) + TX, Quadrastichus spp. + TX, Rhyzobius lophanthae + TX, Rodolia cardinalis + TX, Rumina decollate + TX, Semielacher petiolatus + TX, Sitobion avenae (Ervibank®) + TX, Steinernema carpocapsae (Nematac C®, Millenium®, BioNem C®, NemAttack®, Nemastar®, Capsanem®) + TX, Steinernema feltiae (NemaShield®, Nemasys F®, BioNem F®, Steinernema-System®, NemAttack®, Nemaplus®, Exhibitline sf®, Scia-rid®, Entonem®) + TX, Steinernema kraussei (Nemasys L®, BioNem L®, Exhibitline srb®) + TX, Steinernema riobrave (BioVector®, BioVektor®) + TX, Steinernema scapterisci (Nematac S®) + TX, Steinernema spp. + TX, Steinernematid spp. (Guardian Nematodes®) + TX, Stethorus punctillum (Stethorus®) + TX, Tamarixia radiate + TX, Tetrastichus setifer + TX, Thripobius semiluteus + TX, Torymus sinensis + TX, Trichogramma brassicae (Tricholine b®) + TX, Trichogramma brassicae (Tricho-Strip®) + TX, Trichogramma evanescens + TX, Trichogramma minutum + TX, Trichogramma ostriniae + TX, Trichogramma platneri + TX, Trichogramma pretiosum + TX, Xanthopimpla stemmator + TX; abscisic acid + TX, Aminomite® + TX, BioGain® + TX, bioSea® + TX, Chondrostereum purpureum (Chontrol Paste®) + TX, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Collego®) + TX, Copper Octanoate (Cueva®) + TX, Delta traps (Trapline d®) + TX, Erwinia amylovora (Harpin) (ProAct®, Ni-HIBIT Gold CST®) + TX, fatty acids derived from a natural by-product of extra virgin olive oil (FLIPPER®) + TX, Ferri-phosphate (Ferramol®) + TX, Funnel traps (Trapline y®) + TX, Gallex® + TX, Grower's Secret® + TX, Homo-brassonolide + TX, Iron Phosphate (Lilly Miller Worry Free Ferramol Slug & Snail Bait®) + TX, MCP hail trap (Trapline f®) + TX, Microctonus hyperodae + TX, Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Des-X®) + TX, Nosema locustae (Semaspore Organic Grasshopper Control®) + TX, Pheromone trap (Thripline ams®) + TX, potassium bicarbonate (MilStop®) + TX, potassium iodide + potassiumthiocyanate (Enzicur®) + TX, potassium salts of fatty acids (Sanova®) + TX, potassium silicate solution (Sil-Matrix®) + TX, Spider venom + TX, Sticky traps (Trapline YF®,Rebell Amarillo®) + TX, SuffOil-X® + TX, Traps (Takitrapline y + b®) + TX, vadescana (CAS Number: 2643947-26-4) + TX, Zenox® + TX; Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No. NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013 / 034938) from Certis USA LLC + TX, Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain BU F-33, having NRRL Accession No.50185 (CARTISSA® from BASF, EPA Reg. No.71840-19) + TX, Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, Bacillus sp., in particular strain D747 (available as DOUBLE NICKEL® from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), having Accession No. FERM BP-8234, U.S. Patent No.7,094,592 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE) + TX, Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No. DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No.70127-5)) + TX, Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713 / AQ713(having NRRL Accession No. B-21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051, available as SERENADE®OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US) + TX, Paenibacillus polymyxa, in particular strain AC-1 (e.g. TOPSEED® from Green Biotech Company Ltd.) + TX, Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972 or Accession No. NRRL B-67129, WO 2016 / 154297 + TX, Pantoea agglomerans, inparticular strain E325 (Accession No. NRRL B-21856) (available as BLOOMTIME BIOLOGICAL™ FD109925 | 83182 FFBIOPESTICIDE from Northwest Agri Products) + TX, Pseudomonas proradix (e.g. PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena) + TX; Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940, blastospores of strain DSM 14941 or mixtures of blastospores of strains DSM14940 and DSM14941 (e.g., BOTECTOR® and BLOSSOM PROTECT® from bio-ferm, CH) + TX, Pseudozyma aphidis (as disclosed in WO2011 / 151819 by Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem) + TX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strains CNCM No. 1-3936, CNCM No. 1-3937, CNCM No. 1-3938 or CNCM No. 1-3939 (WO 2010 / 086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR + TX; Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 (e.g. GALLTROL-A® from AgBioChem, CA) + TX, Bacillusamyloliquefaciens isolate B246 (e.g. AVOGREEN™ from University of Pretoria) + TX, Bacillusamyloliquefaciens strain F727 (also known as strain MBI110) (NRRL Accession No. B-50768, WO 2014 / 028521) (STARGUS® from Marrone Bio Innovations) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42, Accession No. DSM 23117 (available as RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,in particular strain D747 (available as Double Nickel™ from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., havingaccession number FERM BP-8234, US Patent No. 7,094,592) + TX, Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (QUARTZO® (WG) and PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation) + TX, Bacillus licheniformis, in particular strain SB3086, having Accession No. ATCC 55406, WO 2003 / 000051 (available asECOGUARD® Biofungicide and GREEN RELEAF™ from Novozymes) + TX, Bacillus methylotrophicus strainBAC-9912 (from Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Applied Ecology) + TX, Bacillus mycoides, isolate,having Accession No. B-30890 (available as BMJ TGAI® or WG and LifeGard™ from Certis USA LLC) + TX,Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain GB34 (available as Yield Shield® from Bayer AG, DE) + TX, Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (available as SONATA® from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having Accession No. NRRL B-30087 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,245,551) + TX, Bacillus subtilis CX-9060from Certis USA LLC + TX, Bacillus subtilis IAB / BS03 (AVIV™ from STK Bio-Ag Technologies, PORTENTO®from Idai Nature) + TX, Bacillus subtilis KTSB strain (FOLIACTIVE® from Donaghys) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 (available as Kodiak® from Bayer AG, DE) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain MBI 600 (available as SUBTILEX from BASF SE), having Accession Number NRRL B-50595, U.S. Patent No. 5,061,495 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain Y1336 (available as BIOBAC® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos.4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277) + TX, Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No. DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127-5)) + TX, Bacillus subtilis Y1336 (available asBIOBAC® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos.4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277) + TX, Paenibacillus epiphyticus (WO 2016 / 020371) from BASF SE + TX, Paenibacillus polymyxa ssp. plantarum (WO 2016 / 020371) from BASF SE + TX, Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972 or Accession No. NRRL B-67129, WO 2016 / 154297 + TX, Pseudomonaschlororaphis strain AFS009, having Accession No. NRRL B-50897, WO 2017 / 019448 (e.g., HOWLER™ andZIO® from AgBiome Innovations, US) + TX, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, in particular strain MA342 (e.g.109925 | 83182 FFCEDOMON®, CERALL®, and CEDRESS® by Bioagri and Koppert) + TX, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 (e.g. BLIGHTBAN® A506 by NuFarm) + TX, Pseudomonas proradix (e.g. PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena) + TX, Streptomyces griseoviridis strain K61 (also known as Streptomyces galbus strain K61) (Accession No. DSM 7206) (MYCOSTOP® from Verdera, PREFENCE® from BioWorks, cf. Crop Protection 2006, 25, 468-475) + TX, Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 (also known as Streptomyces lydicus strain WYCD108US) (ACTINO-IRON® and ACTINOVATE® from Novozymes) + TX; Trichoderma atroviride strain T11 (IMI352941 / CECT20498) + TX, Ampelomyces quisqualis strain AQ10, having Accession No. CNCM 1-807 (e.g., AQ 10® by IntrachemBio Italia) + TX, Ampelomyces quisqualis, in particular strain AQ 10 (e.g. AQ 10® by IntrachemBio Italia) + TX, Aspergillus flavus strain NRRL 21882 (products known as AFLA-GUARD® from Syngenta / ChemChina) + TX, Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM 14941 + TX, Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940 + TX, Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular mixtures of blastospores of strains DSM14940 and DSM 14941 (e.g. Botector® by bio-ferm, CH) + TX, Chaetomium cupreum (Accession No. CABI 353812) (e.g.BIOKUPRUM™ by AgriLife) + TX, Chaetomium globosum (available as RIVADIOM® by Rivale) + TX,Cladosporium cladosporioides, strain H39, having Accession No. CBS122244, US 2010 / 0291039 (by Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek) + TX, Coniothyrium minitans, in particular strain CON / M / 91-8 (Accession No. DSM9660, e.g. Contans ® from Bayer CropScience Biologics GmbH) + TX, Cryptococcus flavescens, strain 3C (NRRL Y-50378), + TX, Dactylaria candida, Dilophosphora alopecuri (available as TWIST FUNGUS®), Fusarium oxysporum, strain Fo47 (available as FUSACLEAN® by Natural Plant Protection) + TX, Gliocladium catenulatum (Synonym: Clonostachys rosea f. catenulate) strain J1446 (e.g. Prestop ® by Lallemand) + TX, Gliocladium roseum (also known as Clonostachys rosea f rosea) strain IK726 (Jensen DF, et al. Development of a biocontrol agent for plant disease control with special emphasis on the near commercial fungal antagonist Clonostachys rosea strain ’IK726’, Australasian Plant Pathol. 2007,36(2):95-101) + TX, Gliocladium roseum (also known as Clonostachys rosea f rosea), in particular strain 321U from Adjuvants Plus, strain ACM941 as disclosed in Xue A.G. (Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the root tot complex of field pea, Can Jour Plant Sci 2003, 83(3): 519-524) + TX, Metschnikowia fructicola, in particular strain NRRL Y-30752 + TX, Microsphaeropsis ochracea, Penicillium steckii (DSM 27859, WO 2015 / 067800) from BASF SE + TX, mixtures of Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 (also known as Trichoderma harzianum ICC012), having Accession No. CABI CC IMI 392716 and Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride) strain ICC 080, having Accession No. IMI 392151 (e.g., BIO-TAM™ from Isagro USA, Inc. or BIODERMA® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.) + TX, Penicillium vermiculatum + TX, Phlebiopsis gigantea strain VRA 1992 (ROTSTOP® C from Danstar Ferment) + TX, Pseudozymaflocculosa, strain PF-A22 UL (available as SPORODEX® L by Plant Products Co., CA) + TX, Saccharomycescerevisiae strain LAS117 cell walls (CEREVISANE® from Lesaffre, ROMEO® from BASF SE) + TX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains CNCM No.1-3936, CNCM No.1-3937, CNCM No.1-3938, CNCM No.1- 3939 (WO 2010 / 086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR + TX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strain LASO2 (from Agro-Levures et Dérivés) + TX, Simplicillium lanosoniveum + TX, strain T34 (e.g. T34 Biocontrol by Biocontrol Technologies S.L., ES) or strain ICC 012 from Isagro + TX, strain WRL-076 (NRRL Y-30842),109925 | 83182 FFU.S. Patent No.7,579,183 + TX, Talaromyces flavus, strain V117b + TX, Trichoderma asperelloides JM41R (Accession No. NRRL B-50759) (TRICHO PLUS® from BASF SE) + TX, Trichoderma asperellum, in particular strain SKT-1, having Accession No. FERM P-16510 (e.g. ECO-HOPE® from Kumiai Chemical Industry) + TX, Trichoderma asperellum, in particular, strain kd (e.g. T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain 77B (T77 from Andermatt Biocontrol) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain ATCC 20476 (IMI 206040) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52 (e.g. Tenet by Agrimm Technologies Limited) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132 (e.g. Sentinel from Agrimm Technologies Limited) + TX, Trichodermaatroviride strain NMI no. V08 / 002388 + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain NMI no. V08 / 002389 + TX,Trichoderma atroviride strain NMI no. V08 / 002390 + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain no. V08 / 002387 + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain SKT-1 (FERM P-16510), JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11-253151 A + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain SKT-2 (FERM P-16511), JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11-253151 A + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain SKT-3 (FERM P-17021), JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11-253151 A + TX, Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain SC1 (Accession No. CBS 122089, WO 2009 / 116106 and U.S. Patent No. 8,431,120 (from Bi-PA)) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride,strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g. Esquive® WP from Agrauxine, FR) + TX, Trichoderma fertile (e.g. product TrichoPlus from BASF) + TX, Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride) + TX, Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride) strain ICC 080 (IMI CC 392151 CABI) (available as BIODERMA® by AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.), + TX, Trichoderma gamsii strain ICC080 (IMI CC 392151 CABI, e.g. BioDerma by AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.), + TX, Trichoderma harmatum + TX, Trichoderma harmatum, having Accession No. ATCC 28012 + TX, Trichoderma harzianum + TX, Trichoderma harzianum rifai T39 (e.g. Trichodex® from Makhteshim, US) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain Cepa SimbT5 (from Simbiose Agro), + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain DB 103 (available as T-GRO® 7456 by Dagutat Biolab) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain ITEM 908 (e.g. Trianum-P from Koppert) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (e.g. Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain TH35 (e.g. Root-Pro by Mycontrol) + TX, Trichoderma polysporum strain IMI 206039 (e.g. Binab TF WP by BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden) + TX, Trichoderma stromaticum having Accession No. Ts3550 (e.g. Tricovab by CEPLAC, Brazil) + TX, Trichoderma virens (also known as Gliocladium virens) in particular strain GL-21 (e.g. SoilGard by Certis, US) + TX, Trichoderma virens strain G-41, formerly known as Gliocladium virens (Accession No. ATCC 20906) (e.g., ROOTSHIELD® PLUS WP and TURFSHIELD® PLUS WP from BioWorks, US) + TX, Trichoderma viride in particular strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz. Nauk. A R w Szczecinie 161: 125-137) + TX, Trichoderma viride strain TV1(e.g. Trianum-P by Koppert) + TX, Ulocladium oudemansii strain U3, having Accession No. NM 99 / 06216 (e.g., BOTRY-ZEN® by Botry-Zen Ltd, New Zealand and BOTRYSTOP® from BioWorks, Inc.) + TX, Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae) strain WCS850 having Accession No. WCS850, deposited at the Central Bureau for Fungi Cultures (e.g., DUTCH TRIG® by Tree Care Innovations) + TX, Verticillium chlamydosporium + TX; a mixture of Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum (available as INVIGORATE® from Agrinos) + TX, a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (available as QUARTZO® (WG), PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation) + TX, Azorhizobium caulinodans, in particular strain ZB-SK-5 + TX, Azospirillum brasilense (e.g., VIGOR® from KALO, Inc.) + TX, Azospirillum lipoferum109925 | 83182 FF(e.g., VERTEX-IF™ from TerraMax, Inc.) + TX, Azotobacter chroococcum, in particular strain H23 + TX,Azotobacter vinelandii, in particular strain ATCC 12837 + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BS27 (Accession No. NRRL B-5015) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in particular strain FZB42 (e.g. RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in particular strain IN937a + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens pm414 (LOLI- PEPTA® from Biofilm Crop Protection) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB3281 (ATCC # PTA-7542, WO 2017 / 205258) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 (available as QUIKROOTS® from Novozymes) + TX, Bacillus cereus family member EE128 (NRRL No. B-50917) + TX, Bacillus cereus family member EE349 (NRRL No. B-50928) + TX, Bacillus cereus in particular strain BP01 (ATCC 55675, e.g. MEPICHLOR® from Arysta Lifescience, US) + TX, Bacillus mycoides BT155 (NRRL No. B-50921) + TX, Bacillus mycoides BT46-3 (NRRL No. B-50922) + TX, Bacillus mycoides EE118 (NRRL No. B-50918) + TX, Bacillus mycoides EE141 (NRRL No. B-50916) + TX, Bacillus pumilus in particular strain GB34 (e.g. YIELD SHIELD® from Bayer Crop Science, DE), + TX, Bacillus pumilus in particular strain QST2808 (Accession No. NRRL No. B-30087) + TX, Bacillus siamensis in particular strain KCTC 13613T + TX, Bacillus subtilis in particular strain AQ30002 (Accession No. NRRL No. B-50421 and described in U.S. Patent Application No.13 / 330,576) + TX, Bacillus subtilis in particular strain AQ30004 (NRRL No. B-50455 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 330,576) + TX, Bacillus subtilis in particular strain MBI 600 (e.g. SUBTILEX® from BASF SE) + TX, Bacillus subtilis rm303 (RHIZOMAX® from Biofilm Crop Protection) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814 (available asTEQUALIS® from BASF SE) + TX, Bacillus tequilensis in particular strain NII-0943 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensisBT013A (NRRL No. B-50924) also known as Bacillus thuringiensis 4Q7 + TX, Bradyrhizobium japonicum (e.g. OPTIMIZE® from Novozymes) + TX, Delftia acidovorans in particular strain RAY209 (e.g. BIOBOOST® from Brett Young Seeds) + TX, Lactobacillus sp. (e.g. LACTOPLANT® from LactoPAFI) + TX, Mesorhizobium cicer (e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE) + TX, Paenibacillus polymyxa in particular strain AC-1 (e.g. TOPSEED® from Green Biotech Company Ltd.) + TX, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in particular strain PN1 + TX, Pseudomonas proradix (e.g. PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena) + TX, Rhizobium leguminosarium biovar viciae (e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE) + TX, Rhizobium leguminosarum in particular bv. viceae strain Z25 (Accession No. CECT 4585) + TX, Serratia marcescens in particular strain SRM (Accession No. MTCC 8708), + TX, Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG-185-1 (NITRAGIN® GOLD from Bayer CropScience) + TX, Thiobacillus sp. (e.g. CROPAID® from Cropaid Ltd UK) + TX; Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255 (e.g. DiTera™ from Valent Biosciences) + TX, Penicilliumbilaii strain ATCC 22348 (e.g. JumpStart® from Acceleron BioAg) + TX, Penicillium bilaii strain ATCC ATCC20851 + TX, Purpureocillium lilacinum (previously known as Paecilomyces lilacinus) strain 251 (AGAL 89 / 030550, e.g. BioAct from Bayer CropScience Biologics GmbH) + TX, Pythium oligandrum strain DV74 + TX, Pythium oligandrum strain M1 (ATCC 38472 e.g. Polyversum from Bioprepraty, CZ) + TX, Rhizopogon amylopogon (Myco-Sol from Agri-Enterprise, LLC, formerly Helena Chemical Company) + TX, Rhizopogon fulvigleba (e.g. Myco-Sol from Agri-Enterprise, LLC, formerly Helena Chemical Company) + TX, Talaromyces flavus strain V117b + TX, Trichoderma asperellum strain (Eco-T from Plant Health Products, ZA) + TX, Trichoderma asperellum strain kd (e.g. T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride in particular strain no. V08 / 002387 + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g. Esquive® WP from109925 | 83182 FFAgrauxine, FR) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52 (also known as Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132, e.g. Sentinel from Agrimm Technologies Limited) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain no. NMI No. V08 / 002388 + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain no. NMI No. V08 / 002389 + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain no. NMI No. V08 / 002390 + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain SC1 (described in WO2009 / 116106) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain 1295-22 + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain ITEM 908 + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (e.g. Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain TSTh20, + TX, Trichoderma virens strain GI-3 + TX, Trichoderma virens strain GL-21 (e.g. SoilGard® from Certis, USA) + TX, Trichoderma viride strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz. Nauk. A R w Szczecinie 161: 125-137) + TX, Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae) strain WCS850 (CBS 276.92, e.g. Dutch Trig from Tree Care Innovations) + TX; Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 (Galltrol from AgBiochem Inc.), + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in particular strain PTS-4838 (e.g. AVEO from Valent Biosciences, US), + TX, Bacillus mycoides, isolate J. (e.g. BmJ from Certis USA LLC), + TX, Bacillus sphaericus in particular Serotype H5a5b strain 2362 (strain ABTS-1743) (e.g. VECTOLEX® from Valent BioSciences, US), + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis strain BMP 144 (e.g. AQUABAC® by Becker Microbial Products IL) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain GC-91 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular serotype H-7 (e.g. FLORBAC® WG from Valent BioSciences, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372, e.g. XENTARI® from Valent BioSciences) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serotype H-14) strain AM65-52 (Accession No. ATCC 1276) (e.g. VECTOBAC® by Valent BioSciences, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain ABTS 351 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain BMP 123 (from Becker Microbial Products, IL, BARITONE from Bayer CropScience) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain EG 2348 (LEPINOX from Certis, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain EG 7841 (CRYMAX from Certis, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1 (e.g. DIPEL® ES from Valent BioSciences, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain PB 54 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain SA 11 (JAVELIN from Certis, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain SA 12 (THURICIDE from Certis, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176 (SD-5428, e.g. NOVODOR® FC from BioFa DE) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. Colmeri (e.g. TIANBAOBTC by Changzhou Jianghai Chemical Factory) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. japonensis strain Buibui + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain EVB-113-19 (e.g., BIOPROTEC® from AEF Global) + TX, Brevibacillus laterosporus + TX, Burkholderia spp. in particular Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396 (also known as Burkholderia rinojensis strain MBI 305) (Accession No. NRRL B-50319, WO 2011 / 106491 and WO 2013 / 032693, e.g. MBI206 TGAI and ZELTO® from Marrone Bio Innovations), + TX, Chromobacterium subtsugae in particular strain PRAA4-1T (e.g. MBI-203, e.g. GRANDEVO® from Marrone Bio Innovations) + TX, Lecanicillium muscarium Ve6 (MYCOTAL from Koppert) + TX, Paenibacillus popilliae (formerly Bacilluspopilliae, e.g. MILKY SPORE POWDER™ or MILKY SPORE GRANULAR™ from St. Gabriel Laboratories) +TX, Serratia entomophila (e.g. INVADE® by Wrightson Seeds) + TX, Serratia marcescens in particular strain SRM (Accession No. MTCC 8708) + TX, Trichoderma asperellum (TRICHODERMAX from Novozymes) + TX, Wolbachia pipientis ZAP strain (e.g., ZAP MALES® from MosquitoMate) + TX;109925 | 83182 FFBeauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040 (e.g. NATURALIS® from Intrachem Bio Italia) + TX, Beauveria bassiana strain ATP02 (Accession No. DSM 24665), Apopka 97 (PREFERAL from SePRO) + TX, Beauveria bassiana strain GHA (Accession No. ATCC74250, e.g. BOTANIGUARD® ES and MYCONTROL-O® from Laverlam International Corporation) + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae 3213-1 (deposited under NRRL accession number 67074 disclosed in WO 2017 / 066094, Pioneer Hi-Bred International) + TX, Metarhizium robertsii 15013-1 (deposited under NRRL accession number 67073) + TX, Metarhizium robertsii 23013-3 (deposited under NRRL accession number 67075) + TX, Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 (MELOCON from Certis, US) + TX, Zoophtora radicans + TX; Adoxophyes orana (summer fruit tortrix) granulosis virus (GV) + TX, Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis virus (GV) + TX, Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) + TX, Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) mNPV + TX, Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) mNPV + TX, Spodoptera littoralis (African cotton leafworm) NPV + TX; Burkholderia spp. in particular Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia) + TX, Gigaspora spp. + TX, Glomus spp. + TX, Laccaria spp. + TX, LactoBacillus buchneri + TX, Paraglomus spp. + TX, Pisolithus tinctorus + TX, Pseudomonas spp. + TX, Rhizobium spp. in particular Rhizobium trifolii + TX, Rhizopogon spp. + TX, Scleroderma spp. + TX, Streptomyces spp. + TX, Suillus spp. + TX, Agrobacterium spp. + TX, Azorhizobium caulinodans + TX, Azospirillum spp. + TX, Azotobacter spp. + TX, Bradyrhizobium spp. + TX, Gigaspora monosporum + TX; Allium sativum (NEMGUARD from Eco-Spray, BRALIC from ADAMA) + TX, Armour-Zen + TX, Artemisia absinthium + TX, Biokeeper WP + TX, Brassicaceae extract in particular oilseed rape powder or mustard powder + TX, Cassia nigricans + TX, Celastrus angulatus + TX, Chenopodium anthelminticum + TX, Chenopodium quinoa saponin extract from quinoa seeds (e.g. Heads Up® (Saponins of Quinoa) from Heads Up plant Protectants, CA) + TX, Chitin + TX, Dryopteris filix-mas + TX, Equisetum arvense + TX, Fortune Aza + TX, Fungastop + TX, Melaleuca alternifolia extract (TIMOREX GOLD from STK) + TX, naturally occurring Blad polypeptide extracted from Lupin seeds (FRACTURE® from FMC) + TX, naturally occurring Blad polypeptide extracted from Lupin seeds (PROBLAD® from Certis EU) + TX, Pyrethrins + TX, Quassia amara + TX, Quercus + TX, Quillaja extract (QL AGRI 35 from BASF) + TX, REGALIA MAXX from Marrone Bio) + TX,Requiem™ Insecticide + TX, Reynoutria sachalinensis extract (REGALLIA + TX, ryania / ryanodine + TX,Symphytum officinale + TX, Tanacetum vulgare + TX, Thymol + TX, Thymol mixed with Geraniol (CEDROZ from Eden Research) + TX, Thymol mixed with Geraniol and Eugenol (MEVALONE from Eden Research) + TX, Triact 70 + TX, TriCon + TX, Tropaeulum majus + TX, Urtica dioica + TX, Veratrin + TX, Viscum album + TX; mercuric oxide + TX, octhilinone + TX, thiophanate-methyl + TX; MGK 264 + TX, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl piperonylate + TX, 2-isovalerylindan-1,3-dione + TX, 4- (quinoxalin-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide + TX, 5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hexylcyclohex-2-enone + TX, acibenzolar + TX, acibenzolar-S-methyl + TX, alpha-bromadiolone + TX, alpha-chlorohydrin + TX, aluminium phosphide + TX, anthraquinone + TX, antu + TX, arsenous oxide + TX, barium carbonate + TX, benoxacor + TX, bisthiosemi + TX, brodifacoum + TX, bromadiolone + TX, bromethalin + TX, calcium cyanide + TX,109925 | 83182 FFchloralose + TX, chlorophacinone + TX, cholecalciferol + TX, cloquintocet (including cloquintocet-mexyl) + TX, copper naphthenate + TX, copper oxychloride + TX, coumachlor + TX, coumafuryl + TX, coumatetralyl + TX, crimidine + TX, cyprosulfamide + TX, diazinon + TX, dichlormid + TX, dicyclopentadiene + TX, difenacoum + TX, difethialone + TX, diphacinone + TX, ergocalciferol + TX, farnesol + TX, farnesol with nerolidol + TX, fenchlorazole (including fenchlorazole-ethyl) + TX, fenclorim + TX, flocoumafen + TX, fluoroacetamide + TX, flupropadine + TX, flupropadine hydrochloride + TX, fluxofenim + TX, furilazole + TX, gamma-HCH + TX, guazatine + TX, guazatine acetates + TX, HCH + TX, hydrogen cyanide + TX, imanin + TX, iodomethane + TX, isoxadifen (including isoxadifen-ethyl) + TX, lindane + TX, magnesium phosphide + TX, MB-599 + TX, mefenpyr (including mefenpyr-diethyl) + TX, metcamifen + TX, methiocarb + TX, methyl bromide + TX, nerolidol + TX, norbormide + TX, petroleum oils + TX, phosacetim + TX, phosphine + TX, phosphorus + TX, pindone + TX, piperonyl butoxide + TX, piprotal + TX, potassium arsenite + TX, probenazole + TX, propyl isomer + TX, pyridin-4-amine + TX, pyrinuron + TX, Reynoutria sachalinensis extract + TX, ribavirin + TX, S421 + TX,scilliroside + TX, sesamex + TX, sesasmolin + TX, sodium arsenite + TX, sodium cyanide + TX, sodiumfluoroacetate + TX, strychnine + TX, sulfoxide + TX, thallium sulfate + TX, thiram + TX, trimethacarb + TX, warfarin + TX, zinc naphthenate + TX, zinc phosphide + TX, ziram + TX.

[0192] The references in brackets behind the active ingredients, e.g. [3878-19-1] refer to the ChemicalAbstracts Registry number. The above described mixing partners are known. Where the active ingredients areincluded in "The Pesticide Manual" [The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium; Thirteenth Edition; Editor:C. D. S. TomLin; The British Crop Protection Council], they are described therein under the entry number given in round brackets hereinabove for the particular compound; for example, the compound "abamectin" is described under entry number (1). Where "[CCN]" is added hereinabove to the particular compound, the compound in question is included in the "Compendium of Pesticide Common Names", which is accessible on the internet [A. Wood; Compendium of Pesticide Common Names, Copyright © 1995-2004]; for example, the compound "acetoprole" is described under the internet address http: / / www.alanwood.net / pesticides / acetoprole.html.

[0193] Most of the active ingredients described above are referred to hereinabove by a so-called "commonname", the relevant "ISO common name" or another "common name" being used in individual cases. If the designation is not a "common name", the nature of the designation used instead is given in round brackets for the particular compound; in that case, the IUPAC name, the IUPAC / Chemical Abstracts name, a "chemicalname", a "traditional name", a "compound name" or a "development code" is used or, if neither one of thosedesignations nor a "common name" is used, an "alternative name" is employed. "CAS Reg. No" means the Chemical Abstracts Registry Number.

[0194] The active ingredient mixture of the compounds of formula (I) selected from the compounds definedin the Tables A-1 to A-15, and Table P, with active ingredients described above comprises a compoundselected from one compound defined in the Tables Tables A-1 to A-15, and Table P, and an active ingredientas described above preferably in a mixing ratio of from 100:1 to 1:6000, especially from 50:1 to 1:50, more especially in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1:20, even more especially from 10:1 to 1:10, very especially from 5:1 to 1:5, special preference being given to a ratio of from 2:1 to 1:2, and a ratio of from 4:1 to 2:1 being likewise109925 | 83182 FFpreferred, above all in a ratio of 1:1, or 5:1, or 5:2, or 5:3, or 5:4, or 4:1, or 4:2, or 4:3, or 3:1, or 3:2, or 2:1, or 1:5, or 2:5, or 3:5, or 4:5, or 1:4, or 2:4, or 3:4, or 1:3, or 2:3, or 1:2, or 1:600, or 1:300, or 1:150, or 1:35, or2:35, or 4:35, or 1:75, or 2:75, or 4:75, or 1:6000, or 1:3000, or 1:1500, or 1:350, or 2:350, or 4:350, or 1:750,or 2:750, or 4:750. Those mixing ratios are by weight.

[0195] The compounds and mixtures as described above can be used in a method for controlling pests,which comprises applying a composition comprising a compound or mixture respectively as described above to the pests or their environment, with the exception of a method for treatment of the human or animal body bysurgery or therapy and diagnostic methods practiced on the human or animal body.

[0196] The mixtures comprising a compound of formula (I) selected from the compounds defined in theTables Tables A-1 to A-15, and Table P, and one or more active ingredients as described above can be applied, for example, in a single "ready-mix" form, in a combined spray mixture com-posed from separate formulations of the single active ingredient components, such as a "tank-mix", and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequen-tial manner, i.e. one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days. The order of applying the compounds of formula (I) and the active ingredients as described above is not essential for working the present invention.

[0197] The compounds according to the invention can be used as pesticidal agents in unmodified form, butthey are generally formulated into compositions in various ways using formulation adjuvants, such as carriers, solvents and surface-active substances. The formulations can be in various physical forms, e.g. in the form of dusting powders, gels, wettable powders, water-dispersible granules, water-dispersible tablets, effervescent pellets, emulsifiable concentrates, micro-emulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, oil-flowables, aqueous dispersions, oily dispersions, suspo-emulsions, capsule suspensions, emulsifiable granules, soluble liquids, water-soluble concentrates (with water or a water-miscible organic solvent as carrier), impregnated polymer films or in other forms known e.g. from the Manual on Development and Use of FAO and WHO Specifications for Pesticides, United Nations, First Edition, Second Revision (2010). Such formulations can either be used directly or diluted prior to use. The dilutions can be made, for example, with water, liquid fertilisers, micronutrients, biological organisms, oil or solvents.

[0198] The formulations can be prepared e.g. by mixing the active ingredient with the formulation adjuvantsin order to obtain compositions in the form of finely divided solids, granules, solutions, dispersions or emulsions. The active ingredients can also be formulated with other adjuvants, such as finely divided solids, mineral oils, oils of vegetable or animal origin, modified oils of vegetable or animal origin, organic solvents, water, surface- active substances or combinations thereof.

[0199] The active ingredients can also be contained in very fine microcapsules. Microcapsules contain theactive ingredients in a porous carrier. This enables the active ingredients to be released into the environment in controlled amounts (e.g. slow-release). Microcapsules usually have a diameter of from 0.1 to 500 microns.They contain active ingredients in an amount of about from 25 to 95 % by weight of the capsule weight. Theactive ingredients can be in the form of a monolithic solid, in the form of fine particles in solid or liquid dispersion or in the form of a suitable solution. The encapsulating membranes can comprise, for example, natural or synthetic rubbers, cellulose, styrene / butadiene copolymers, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyesters,109925 | 83182 FFpolyamides, polyureas, polyurethane or chemically modified polymers and starch xanthates or other polymers that are known to the person skilled in the art. Alternatively, very fine microcapsules can be formed in which the active ingredient is contained in the form of finely divided particles in a solid matrix of base substance, but the microcapsules are not themselves encapsulated.

[0200] The formulation adjuvants that are suitable for the preparation of the compositions according to theinvention are known per se. As liquid carriers there may be used: water, toluene, xylene, petroleum ether, vegetable oils, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acid anhydrides, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2-butanone, butylene carbonate, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl esters of acetic acid, diacetone alcohol, 1,2-dichloropropane, diethanolamine, p-diethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethyleneglycol abietate, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N-dimethyl-formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, diproxitol, alkylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, 2-ethylhexanol, ethylene carbonate, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 2-heptanone, alpha-pinene, d-limonene, ethyl lactate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, gamma-butyrolactone, glycerol, glycerol acetate, glycerol diacetate, glycerol triacetate, hexadecane, hexylene glycol, isoamyl acetate, isobornyl acetate, isooctane, isophorone, isopropylbenzene, isopropyl myristate, lactic acid, laurylamine, mesityl oxide, methoxy-propanol, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl oleate, methylene chloride, m-xylene, n-hexane, n-octylamine, octadecanoic acid, octylamine acetate, oleic acid, oleylamine, o-xylene, phenol, polyethylene glycol, propionic acid, propyl lactate, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, p-xylene, toluene, triethyl phosphate, triethylene glycol, xylenesulfonic acid, paraffin, mineral oil, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and alcohols of higher molecular weight, such as amyl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, hexanol, octanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the like.

[0201] Suitable solid carriers are, for example, talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgite clay,kieselguhr, limestone, calcium carbonate, bentonite, calcium montmorillonite, cottonseed husks, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, ground walnut shells, lignin and similar substances.

[0202] A large number of surface-active substances can advantageously be used in both solid and liquidformulations, especially in those formulations which can be diluted with a carrier prior to use. Surface-active substances may be anionic, cationic, non-ionic or polymeric and they can be used as emulsifiers, wetting agents or suspending agents or for other purposes. Typical surface-active substances include, for example, salts of alkyl sulfates, such as diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate; salts of alkylarylsulfonates, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; alkylphenol / alkylene oxide addition products, such as nonylphenol ethoxylate; alcohol / alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; soaps, such as sodium stearate; salts of alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, such as sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate; dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinate salts, such as sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate; quaternary amines, such as lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polyethylene glycol stearate; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; and salts of mono-109925 | 83182 FFand di-alkylphosphate esters; and also further substances described e.g. in McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual, MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood New Jersey (1981).

[0203] Further adjuvants that can be used in pesticidal formulations include crystallisation inhibitors,viscosity modifiers, suspending agents, dyes, anti-oxidants, foaming agents, light absorbers, mixing auxiliaries, antifoams, complexing agents, neutralising or pH-modifying substances and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, fragrances, wetting agents, take-up enhancers, micro-nutrients, plasticisers, glidants, lubricants, dispersants, thickeners, antifreezes, microbicides, and liquid and solid fertilisers.

[0204] The compositions according to the invention can include an additive comprising an oil of vegetableor animal origin, a mineral oil, alkyl esters of such oils or mixtures of such oils and oil derivatives. The amountof oil additive in the composition according to the invention is generally from 0.01 to 10 %, based on the mixtureto be applied. For example, the oil additive can be added to a spray tank in the desired concentration after a spray mixture has been prepared. Preferred oil additives comprise mineral oils or an oil of vegetable origin, forexample rapeseed oil, olive oil or sunflower oil, emulsified vegetable oil, alkyl esters of oils of vegetable origin,for example the methyl derivatives, or an oil of animal origin, such as fish oil or beef tallow. Preferred oil additives comprise alkyl esters of C8-C22 fatty acids, especially the methyl derivatives of C12-C18 fatty acids, for example the methyl esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid (methyl laurate, methyl palmitate and methyl oleate, respectively). Many oil derivatives are known from the Compendium of Herbicide Adjuvants, 10thEdition, Southern Illinois University, 2010.

[0205] The inventive compositions generally comprise from 0.1 to 99 % by weight, especially from 0.1 to 95% by weight, of compounds of the present invention and from 1 to 99.9 % by weight of a formula-tion adjuvantwhich preferably includes from 0 to 25 % by weight of a surface-active substance. Whereas commercialproducts may preferably be formulated as concentrates, the end user will normally employ dilute formulations.

[0206] The rates of application vary within wide limits and depend on the nature of the soil, the method ofapplication, the crop plant, the pest to be controlled, the prevailing climatic conditions, and other factors governed by the method of application, the time of application and the target crop. As a general guideline compounds may be applied at a rate of from 1 to 2000 l / ha, especially from 10 to 1000 l / ha.

[0207] Preferred formulations can have the following compositions (weight %):Emulsifiable concentrates: ^active ingredient: 1 to 95 %, preferably 60 to 90 %^ surface-active agent: 1 to 30 %, preferably 5 to 20 %^ liquid carrier: 1 to 80 %, preferably 1 to 35 %Dusts: ^active ingredient: 0.1 to 10 %, preferably 0.1 to 5 %^ solid carrier: 99.9 to 90 %, preferably 99.9 to 99 %Suspension concentrates: ^active ingredient: 5 to 75 %, preferably 10 to 50 %^ water: 94 to 24 %, preferably 88 to 30 %109925 | 83182 FF^ surface-active agent: 1 to 40 %, preferably 2 to 30 %Wettable powders: ^active ingredient: 0.5 to 90 %, preferably 1 to 80 %^ surface-active agent: 0.5 to 20 %, preferably 1 to 15 %^ solid carrier: 5 to 95 %, preferably 15 to 90 %Granules: ^active ingredient: 0.1 to 30 %, preferably 0.1 to 15 %^ solid carrier: 99.5 to 70 %, preferably 97 to 85 %

[0208] Formulation types include an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), a suspension concentrate (SC), a suspo-emulsion (SE), a capsule suspension (CS), a water dispersible granule (WG), an emulsifiable granule (EG), a water-in-oil emulsion (EO), an oil-in-water emulsion (EW), a micro-emulsion (ME), an oil dispersion (OD), an oil miscible flowable (OF), an oil miscible liquid (OL), a soluble concentrate (SL), an ultra-low volume suspension (SU), an ultra-low volume liquid (UL), a technical concentrate (TK), a dispersible concentrate (DC), a wettable powder (WP), a soluble granule (SG) or any technically feasible formulation in combination with agriculturally acceptable adjuvants. A short definition of formulation types may be found in the OECD Guidancefor Industry Data Submissions on Plant Protection Products and their Active Substances (Revision 2 May2005), Appendix 2.

[0209] The activity of the compositions according to the invention can be broadened considerably, andadapted to prevailing circumstances, by adding other insecticidally, acaricidally and / or fungicidally active ingredients. The mixtures of the compounds of formula (I) with other insecticidally, acaricidally and / or fungicidally active ingredients may also have further surprising advantages which can also be described, in a wider sense, as synergistic activity. For example, better tolerance by plants, reduced phytotoxicity, insects canbe controlled in their different development stages or better behaviour during their production, for exampleduring grinding or mixing, during their storage or during their use.

[0210] Suitable additions to active ingredients here are, for example, representatives of the following classesof active ingredients: organophosphorus compounds, nitrophenol derivatives, thioureas, juvenile hormones, formamidines, benzophenone derivatives, ureas, pyrrole derivatives, carbamates, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, acylureas, pyridylmethyleneamino derivatives, macrolides, neonicotinoids and Bacillus thuringiensis preparations.

[0211] The compositions according to the invention can also comprise further solid or liquid auxiliaries, suchas stabilizers, for example unepoxidized or epoxidized vegetable oils (for example epoxidized coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soya oil), antifoams, for example silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and / or tackifiers, fertilizers or other active ingredients for achieving specific effects, for example bactericides, fungicides, nematocides, plant activators, molluscicides or herbicides.

[0212] The compositions according to the invention are prepared in a manner known per se, in the absenceof auxiliaries for example by grinding, screening and / or compressing a solid active ingredient and in the presence of at least one auxiliary for example by intimately mixing and / or grinding the active ingredient with109925 | 83182 FFthe auxiliary (auxiliaries). These processes for the preparation of the compositions and the use of the compounds I for the preparation of these compositions are also a subject of the invention.

[0213] The application methods for the compositions, that is the methods of controlling pests of theabovementioned type, such as spraying, atomizing, dusting, brushing on, dressing, scattering or pouring -which are to be selected to suit the intended aims of the prevailing circumstances - and the use of thecompositions for controlling pests of the abovementioned type are other subjects of the invention. Typical rates of concentration are between 0.1 and 1000 ppm, preferably between 0.1 and 500 ppm, of active ingredient.The rate of application per hectare is generally 1 to 2000 g of active ingredient per hectare, in particular 10 to1000 g / ha, preferably 10 to 600 g / ha.

[0214] A preferred method of application in the field of crop protection is application to the foliage of theplants (foliar application), it being possible to select frequency and rate of application to match the danger of infestation with the pest in question. Alternatively, the active ingredi-ent can reach the plants via the root system (systemic action), by drenching the locus of the plants with a liquid composition or by incorporating the active ingredient in solid form into the locus of the plants, for example into the soil, for example in the form of granules (soil application). In the case of paddy rice crops, such granules can be metered into the flooded paddy-field.

[0215] The compounds of formula (I) of the invention and compositions thereof are also suitable for theprotection of plant propagation material, for example seeds, such as fruit, tubers or kernels, or nursery plants,against pests of the abovementioned type. The propagation material can be treated with the compound priorto planting, for example seed can be treated prior to sowing. Alternatively, the compound can be applied to seed kernels (coating), either by soaking the kernels in a liquid composition or by applying a layer of a solid composition. It is also possible to apply the compositions when the propagation material is planted to the site of application, for example into the seed furrow during drilling. These treatment methods for plant propagation material and the plant propagation material thus treated are further subjects of the invention. Typical treatment rates would depend on the plant and pest / fungi to be controlled and are generally between 1 to 200 grams per 100 kg of seeds, preferably between 5 to 150 grams per 100 kg of seeds, such as between 10 to 100 grams per 100 kg of seeds.

[0216] The term seed embraces seeds and plant propagules of all kinds including but not limited to trueseeds, seed pieces, suckers, corns, bulbs, fruit, tubers, grains, rhizomes, cuttings, cut shoots and the like and means, in a preferred embodiment, true seeds.

[0217] The present invention also comprises seeds coated or treated with or containing a compound offormula (I). The term "coated or treated with and / or containing" generally signifies that the active ingredient is for the most part on the surface of the seed at the time of application, although a greater or lesser part of the ingredient may penetrate into the seed material, depending on the method of application. When the said seed product is (re)planted, it may absorb the active ingredient. In an embodiment, the present invention makes available a plant propagation material adhered thereto with a compound of formula (I). Further, it is hereby made available, a composition comprising a plant propagation material treated with a compound of formula (I).

[0218] Seed treatment comprises all suitable seed treatment techniques known in the art, such as seeddressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking and seed pelleting. The seed treatment application of the109925 | 83182 FFcompound formula (I) can be carried out by any known methods, such as spraying or by dusting the seeds before sowing or during the sowing / planting of the seeds.

[0219] The compounds of the invention can be distinguished from other similar compounds by virtue ofgreater efficacy at low application rates and / or different pest control, which can be verified by the person skilledin the art using the experimental procedures, using lower concentrations if necessary, for example 10 ppm, 5ppm, 2 ppm, 1 ppm or 0.2 ppm; or lower application rates, such as 300, 200 or 100, mg of AI per m2. The greater efficacy can be observed by an increased safety profile (against non-target organisms above and below ground (such as fish, birds and bees), improved physico-chemical properties, or increased biodegradability).

[0220] In each aspect and embodiment of the invention, "consisting essentially" and inflections thereof area preferred embodiment of "comprising" and its inflections, and "consisting of" and inflections thereof are a preferred embodiment of "consisting essentially of" and its inflections.

[0221] The disclosure in the present application makes available each and every combination ofembodiments disclosed herein.

[0222] It should be noted that the disclosure herein in respect of a compound of formula (I) applies equallyin respect of a compound of each of formulae (I*), (I’a), Tables A-1 to A-15.EXAMPLES Formulation Examples

[0223] The following Examples further illustrate, but do not limit, the invention.Wettable powders a) b) c)active ingredients 25 % 50 % 75 %sodium lignosulfonate 5 % 5 % -sodium lauryl sulfate 3 % - 5 %sodium diisobutylnaphthalenesulfonate - 6 % 10 %phenol polyethylene glycol ether (7-8 mol of ethylene oxide) - 2 % -highly dispersed silicic acid 5 % 10 % 10 % Kaolin 62 % 27 % -

[0224] The combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in asuitable mill, affording wettable powders that can be diluted with water to give suspensions of the desired concentration. Powders for dry seed treatment a) b) c)active ingredients 25 % 50 % 75 %light mineral oil 5 % 5 % 5 %highly dispersed silicic acid 5 % 5 % -Kaolin 65 % 40 % -109925 | 83182 FFTalcum - 20 %

[0225] The combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in asuitable mill, affording powders that can be used directly for seed treatment. Emulsifiable concentrate active ingredients 10 %octylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (4-5 mol of ethylene oxide) 3 %calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 3 %castor oil polyglycol ether (35 mol of ethylene oxide) 4 %Cyclohexanone 30 %xylene mixture 50 %

[0226] Emulsions of any required dilution, which can be used in plant protection, can be obtained from thisconcentrate by dilution with water. Dusts a) b) c)Active ingredients 5 % 6 % 4 %Talcum 95 % - -Kaolin - 94 % -mineral filler - - 96 %

[0227] Ready-for-use dusts are obtained by mixing the combination with the carrier and grinding the mixturein a suitable mill. Such powders can also be used for dry dressings for seed. Extruded granules Active ingredients 15 %sodium lignosulfonate 2 %carboxymethylcellulose 1 %Kaolin 82 %

[0228] The combination is mixed and ground with the adjuvants, and the mixture is moistened with water.The mixture is extruded and then dried in a stream of air. Coated granules Active ingredients 8 % polyethylene glycol (mol. wt.200) 3 % Kaolin 89 %

[0229] The finely ground combination is uniformly applied, in a mixer, to the kaolin moistened withpolyethylene glycol. Non-dusty coated granules are obtained in this manner.109925 | 83182 FFSuspension concentrate active ingredients 40 %propylene glycol 10 %nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (15 mol of ethylene oxide) 6 %Sodium lignosulfonate 10 %carboxymethylcellulose 1 %silicone oil (in the form of a 75 % emulsion in water) 1 %Water 32 %

[0230] The finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentratefrom which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water. Using such dilutions, living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion. Flowable concentrate for seed treatment active ingredients 40 %propylene glycol 5 %copolymer butanol PO / EO 2 %Tristyrenephenole with 10-20 moles EO 2 %1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (in the form of a 20% solution in water) 0.5 %monoazo-pigment calcium salt 5 %Silicone oil (in the form of a 75 % emulsion in water) 0.2 %Water 45.3 %

[0231] The finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentratefrom which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water. Using such dilutions, living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion. Slow Release Capsule Suspension

[0232] 28 parts of the combination are mixed with 2 parts of an aromatic solvent and 7 parts of toluenediisocyanate / polymethylene-polyphenylisocyanate-mixture (8:1). This mixture is emulsified in a mixture of 1.2 parts of polyvinylalcohol, 0.05 parts of a defoamer and 51.6 parts of water until the desired particle size is achieved. To this emulsion a mixture of 2.8 parts 1,6-diaminohexane in 5.3 parts of water is added. The mixture is agitated until the polymerization reaction is completed. The obtained capsule suspension is stabilized by adding 0.25 parts of a thickener and 3 parts of a dispersing agent. The capsule suspension formulation contains 28% of the active ingredients. The medium capsule diameter is 8-15 microns. The resulting formulation is applied to seeds as an aqueous suspension in an apparatus suitable for that purpose.109925 | 83182 FFPreparation Examples

[0233] Free radicals represent methyl groups.1 H NMR measurements were recorded on a Brucker 400MHzspectrometer, chemical shifts are given in ppm relevant to a TMS standard. Spectra measured in deuterated solvents as indicated. Either one of the LCMS methods below was used to characterize the compounds. The characteristic LCMS values obtained for each compound were the retention time (“Rt”, recorded in minutes) and the measured molecular ion [M+H]+or [M-H]-. LCMS Methods: Method 1:

[0234] Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Waters Corporation (SQD, SQDII or QDASingle quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive and negative ions), Capillary: 0.8-3.00 kV, Cone: 5-30 V, Source Temperature: 120-150°C, Desolvation Temperature: 350- 600°C, Cone Gas Flow: 50-150 l / h, Desolvation Gas Flow: 650-1000 l / h, Mass range: 110 to 950 Da and an Acquity UPLC from Waters Corporation: Binary pump, heated column compartment , diode-array detector and ELSD. Column: Waters UPLC HSS T3, 1.8 µm, 30 x 2.1 mm, Temp: 60 °C, DAD Wavelength range (nm): 210 to 400, Runtime: 1.5 min; Solvents: A = water + 5% MeOH + 0.05 % HCOOH, B= Acetonitrile + 0.05 % HCOOH; Flow (ml / min) 0.85, Gradient: 10% B isocratic for 0.2 min, then 10-100% B in 1.0 min, 100% B isocratic for 0.2min, 100-10% B in 0.05min, 10% B isocratic for 0.05 min. Method 2:

[0235] Spectra were recorded on a ACQUITY Mass Spectrometer from Waters Corporations (SQD or SQDIISingle quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive or negativeions, Capillary: 3.0 kV, Cone: 30V, Extractor: 3.00 V, Source Temperature: 150°C, Desolvation Temperature:400°C, Cone Gas Flow: 60 L / hr, Desolvation Gas Flow: 700 L / hr, Mass range: 140 to 800 Da) and an ACQUITY UPLC from Waters Corporations with solvent degasser, binary pump, heated column compartment and diode-array detector. Column: Waters UPLC HSS T3, 1.8 µm, 30 x 2.1 mm, Temp: 60 °C, DAD Wavelength range(nm): 210 to 400, Solvent Gradient: A = Water / Methanol 9:1 + 0.1% formic acid, B= Acetonitrile + 0.1% formic acid, gradient: 0-100% B in 2.5 min; Flow (ml / min) 0.75.Example E1: Preparation of 3-chloro-N-[(1S)-1-[2-(3-methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]ethyl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (compound P2)109925 | 83182 FFStep A: Preparation of tert-butyl N-[(3-methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)amino]carbamate (I-1)

[0236] A mixture of 6-chloro-3-methylpyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (CAS 878743-46-5) (1.9 g, 9.72mmol), tert-butyl carbazate (6.425 g, 48.62 mmol) and cesium carbonate (6.66 g, 20.42 mmol) in a DL-α- tocopherol methoxypolyethylene glycol succinate solution (CAS 1309573-60-1) (TPGS-750-M, 2 wt. % in water, 19.5 mL) was flushed with argon for 5 min. [(2-Di-tert-butylphosphino-3,6-dimethoxy-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl- 1,1′-biphenyl)-2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II) methanesulfonate (CAS 1536473-72-9) (tBuBrettPhos Pd G3, 0.513 g, 0.583 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture stirred under argon at 60°C for 30 minutes, then cooled to room temperature and diluted with water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate, the combined organic layers washed with an aqueous saturated solution of NaHCO3, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by combiflash (cyclohexane / ethyl acetate) to afford tert-butyl N-[(3-methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)amino]carbamate (I-1) as a solid.

[0237] LCMS (method 1): retention time 0.66 min, m / z 292 [M+H]+.

[0238] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm: 9.05 (br s, 1H), 8.63 (s, 1H), 8.61 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.00(s, 1H), 3.47 (s, 3H), 1.44 (br s, 9H).Step B: Preparation of 6-hydrazino-3-methyl-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one hydrochloride (I-2)(I-2)

[0239] To a solution of tert-butyl N-[(3-methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)amino]carbamate (I-1) (2.3g, 7.90 mmol) in cyclopentyl methyl ether (23 mL) was added a 4M hydrogen chloride solution in dioxane (29.61 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, then concentrated under reducedpressure. The obtained white solid was triturated in acetonitrile, the solid filtered off and dried in vacuo to afford6-hydrazino-3-methyl-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one hydrochloride (I-2) as a solid.

[0240] LCMS (method 1): retention time 0.14 min, m / z 192 [M+H]+ of the corresponding free base.

[0241] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm: 10.49 (br s, 2H), 9.69 (br s, 1H), 8.79 (s, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H),7.45 (s, 1H), 3.48 (s, 3H).109925 | 83182 FFStep C: Preparation of tert-butyl N-[(1S)-1-[2-(3-methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]ethyl]carbamate (I-3)

[0242] To a solution of 6-hydrazino-3-methyl-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one hydrochloride (I-2) (1.32 g, 5.80mmol) in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (14.5 mL) was added triethylamine (0.880 g, 8.70 mmol) and the mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Then, tert-butyl N-[(1S)-2-[(E)-dimethylaminomethyleneamino]-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl]carbamate (CAS 2641011-39-2, prepared as described in WO 21 / 083936) (1.48 g, 6.09 mmol) was added. The mixture was warmed to 40°C and acetic acid (14.49 mL) was added dropwise over 30minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at 40°C for 16 hours and then at 80°C for 2 hours, then cooled toroom temperature and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude residue was purified by combiflash (cyclohexane / ethyl acetate) to afford tert-butyl N-[(1S)-1-[2-(3-methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1,2,4- triazol-3-yl]ethyl]carbamate (I-3) as a solid.

[0243] LCMS (method 1): retention time 0.77 min, m / z 372 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm: 9.04(s, 1H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 5.96 (m, 1H), 5.64 (m, 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 1.60 (d, 3H), 1.42 (s, 9H).Step D: Preparation of [(1S)-1-[2-(3-methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]ethyl]ammonium chloride (I-4)(I-4)

[0244] To a solution of tert-butyl N-[(1S)-1-[2-(3-methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]ethyl]carbamate (I-3) (1.75 g, 4.71 mmol) in cyclopentyl methyl ether (17.5 mL) was added a 4M hydrogen chloride solution in dioxane (17.67 mL, 70.68 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, then concentrated under reduce pressure. The obtained white solid was triturated in acetonitrile, thesolid filtered off and dried in vacuo to afford [(1S)-1-[2-(3-methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]ethyl] ammonium chloride (I-4) as a solid.

[0245] LCMS (method 1): retention time 0.18 min, m / z 272 [M+H]+ of the corresponding free base.

[0246] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm: 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.79-8.97 (m, 3H), 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.40 (s, 1H), 8.38(s, 1H), 5.39 (m, 1H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 1.65 (d, 3H).109925 | 83182 FFStep E: Preparation of 3-chloro-N-[(1S)-1-[2-(3-methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]ethyl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (compound P2)

[0247] To an ice-cooled solution of [(1S)-1-[2-(3-methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]ethyl]ammonium chloride (I-4) (0.150 g, 0.49 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) were added N,N- diisopropylethylamine (0.209 mL, 1.22 mmol), followed by a solution of 3-chloro-5-(trifluoro-methyl)benzoyl chloride (CAS 886496-83-9) (0.124 g, 0.51 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1 hour. The mixture was concentrated under reduce pressure and then water was added. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by combiflash (cyclohexane / ethyl acetate) to afford 3-chloro-N-[(1S)-1-[2-(3-methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin- 6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]ethyl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (P2) as a white solid.

[0248] LCMS (method 1): retention time 0.92 min, m / z 478 / 480 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm:9.10 (s, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 8.00 (br s, 1H), 7.97 (br s, 1H), 7.74 (s, 1H), 7.64 (br d, 1H), 6.42 (quint, 1H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 1.74 (d, 3H).Example E2: General procedure for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) in Table P

[0249] To a solution of a benzoic acid selected from the list below (alternatively a pyridine-carboxylic acid)(0.35 mmol, 1.00eq.), [(1S)-1-[2-(3-methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]ethyl]ammonium chloride (I-4) (95.3 mg, 0.35 mmol, 1.00 eq.) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.181 mL, 1.05 mmol, 3.00 eq.) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (1.6 mL) was added HATU (CAS 148893-10-1; Hexafluorophosphate Azabenzotriazole Tetramethyl Uronium) (147.87 mg, 0.385 mmol, 1.10 eq.) dissolved in N,N- dimethylacetamide (0.4 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 60°C for 8 hours, then concentrated under reduce pressure. The residue was dissolved into a mixture of N,N-dimethylacetamide / methanol and purified by reversed phase preparative HPLC (acetonitrile / water) to afford the title compounds. Acid CAS Acid CASF F O F 433926-46-6 OH453565-90-7 BrO109925 | 83182 FFAcid CAS Acid CAS53985-49-2 289039-25-41314756-15-4 433926-80-82378554-12-0, 28186-62-1 described in WO19 / 197468 2739681-65-1, 1314769-43-1 described in WO21 / 224323 2648588-71-8, 328-67-6 described in WO21 / 105091 2248404-77-3Table P: Examples of compounds of formula (I)Rt [M+H]+ Entry IUPAC name StructureMethod (min) (measured) 3-chloro-N-[(1S)-1-[2-(3- methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4- P1 d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-1.38 494 23-yl]ethyl]-5- (trifluoromethoxy)benzamide 3-chloro-N-[(1S)-1-[2-(3- methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4- P2 d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-0.92 478 13-yl]ethyl]-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide109925 | 83182 FFRt [M+H]+ Entry IUPAC name StructureMethod (min) (measured) 3-(1-cyano-1-methyl-ethyl)-N- [(1S)-1-[2-(3-methyl-4-oxo- P3 pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1.28 511 21,2,4-triazol-3-yl]ethyl]-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide 3-iodo-N-[(1S)-1-[2-(3-methyl- 4-oxo-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin- P4 6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]ethyl]-1.38 570 25-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide 3-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-N- [(1S)-1-[2-(3-methyl-4-oxo- P5 pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1.24 509 21,2,4-triazol-3-yl]ethyl]-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide 3-bromo-N-[(1S)-1-[2-(3- methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4- P6 d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-1.35 522 23-yl]ethyl]-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide 3-chloro-5-(difluoromethyl)-N- [(1S)-1-[2-(3-methyl-4-oxo- P7 pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1.17 460 21,2,4-triazol-3- yl]ethyl]benzamide 3-bromo-N-[(1S)-1-[2-(3- methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4- P8 d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-1.42 538 23-yl]ethyl]-5- (trifluoromethoxy)benzamide 3-chloro-5-iodo-N-[(1S)-1-[2- (3-methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4- P9 d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-1.29 536 23-yl]ethyl]benzamide109925 | 83182 FFRt [M+H]+ Entry IUPAC name StructureMethod (min) (measured) 3-chloro-5-(difluoromethoxy)- N-[(1S)-1-[2-(3-methyl-4-oxo- P10 pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1.22 476 21,2,4-triazol-3- yl]ethyl]benzamide 3-chloro-N-[(1S)-1-[2-(3- methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4- d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol- P111.36 542 23-yl]ethyl]-5- (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)benza mide 2-chloro-6-(1- cyanocyclopropyl)-N-[(1S)-1- [2-(3-methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4- P121.14 476 2d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol- 3-yl]ethyl]pyridine-4- carboxamide 3-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-5- (difluoromethoxy)-N-[(1S)-1- P13 [2-(3-methyl-4-oxo-pyrido[3,4-1.15 507 2d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-1,2,4-triazol- 3-yl]ethyl]benzamide Biological Examples

[0250] The examples which follow serve to illustrate the invention. Certain compounds of the invention canbe distinguished from known compounds by virtue of greater efficacy at low application rates, which can be verified by the person skilled in the art using the experimental procedures outlined in the Examples, using lowerapplication rates if necessary, for example 50 ppm, 24 ppm, 12.5 ppm, 6 ppm, 3 ppm, 1.5 ppm, 0.8 ppm or 0.2ppm.109925 | 83182 FFExample B1: Activity against Chilo suppressalis (Striped rice stemborer)

[0251] 24-well microtiter plates with artificial diet were treated with aqueous test solutions prepared from10'000 ppm DMSO stock solutions by pipetting. After drying, the plates were infested with L2 larvae (6-8 perwell). The samples were assessed for mortality, anti-feeding effect, and growth inhibition in comparison tountreated samples 6 days after infestation. Control of Chilo suppressalis by a test sample is given when at leastone of the categories mortality, anti-feedant effect, and growth inhibition is higher than the untreated sample.

[0252] The following compounds resulted in at least 80% control in at least one of the three categories(mortality, anti-feedant effect, or growth inhibition) at an application rate of 200 ppm: P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6,P8, P13.Example B2: Activity against Diabrotica balteata (Corn root worm)

[0253] Maize sprouts placed onto an agar layer in 24-well microtiter plates were treated with aqueous testsolutions prepared from 10'000 ppm DMSO stock solutions by spraying. After drying, the plates were infestedwith L2 larvae (6 to 10 per well). The samples were assessed for mortality and growth inhibition in comparison to untreated samples 4 days after infestation.

[0254] The following compounds gave an effect of at least 80% control in at least one of the two categories(mortality or growth inhibition) at an application rate of 200 ppm: P1, P4.Example B3: Activity against Euschistus heros (Neotropical Brown Stink Bug)

[0255] Soybean leaves on agar in 24-well microtiter plates were sprayed with aqueous test solutionsprepared from 10'000 ppm DMSO stock solutions. After drying the leaves were infested with N2 nymphs. Thesamples were assessed for mortality and growth inhibition in comparison to untreated samples 5 days after infestation.

[0256] The following compounds gave an effect of at least 80% in at least one of the two categories (mortalityor growth inhibition) at an application rate of 200 ppm: P2, P5.Example B4: Activity against Frankliniella occidentalis (Western flower thrips). Feeding / contact activity

[0257] Sunflower leaf discs were placed on agar in 24-well microtiter plates and sprayed with aqueous testsolutions prepared from 10'000 DMSO stock solutions. After drying the leaf discs were infested with aFrankliniella population of mixed ages. The samples were assessed for mortality 7 days after infestation.

[0258] The following compounds resulted in at least 80% mortality at an application rate of 200 ppm: P1.Example B5: Activity against Myzus persicae (Green peach aphid). Intrinsic activity

[0259] Test compounds prepared from 10’000 ppm DMSO stock solutions were applied by pipette into 24-well microtiter plates and mixed with sucrose solution. The plates were closed with a stretched Parafilm. A plastic stencil with 24 holes was placed onto the plate and infested pea seedlings were placed directly on the Parafilm. The infested plate was closed with a gel blotting paper and another plastic stencil and then turned upside down. The samples were assessed for mortality 5 days after infestation.

[0260] The following compounds resulted in at least 80% mortality at a test rate of 12 ppm: P1, P2, P3, P4,P5, P6, P8, P10, P11, P12, P13.109925 | 83182 FFExample B6: Activity against Plutella xylostella (Diamond back moth)

[0261] 24-well microtiter plates with artificial diet were treated with aqueous test solutions prepared from10'000 ppm DMSO stock solutions by pipetting. After drying, Plutella eggs were pipetted through a plasticstencil onto a gel blotting paper and the plate was closed with it. The samples were assessed for mortality and growth inhibition in comparison to untreated samples 8 days after infestation.

[0262] The following compounds gave an effect of at least 80% control in at least one of the two categories(mortality or growth inhibition) at an application rate of 200 ppm: P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P11,P12, P13.Example B7: Activity against Spodoptera littoralis (Egyptian cotton leaf worm)

[0263] Cotton leaf discs were placed onto agar in 24-well microtiter plates and sprayed with aqueous testsolutions prepared from 10'000 ppm DMSO stock solutions. After drying the leaf discs were infested with fiveL1 larvae. The samples were assessed for mortality, anti-feeding effect, and growth inhibition in comparison tountreated samples 3 days after infestation. Control of Spodoptera littoralis by a test sample is given when atleast one of the categories mortality, anti-feedant effect, and growth inhibition is higher than the untreated sample.

[0264] The following compounds resulted in at least 80% control in at least one of the three categories(mortality, anti-feedant effect, or growth inhibition) at an application rate of 200 ppm: P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6,P7, P8, P9, P10, P11, P12, P13.

Claims

109925 | 83182 FFCLAIMS1. A compound of the formula (I)wherein A is CH or N; X0is oxygen or sulfur; R1is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6cyanoalkyl, C1-C3alkoxyC1-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3- C4cycloalkylC1-C2alkyl, or C1-C6alkoxycarbonyl; R2ais hydrogen, halogen, CN, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C5cyanoalkyl, C1-C5cyanoalkoxy, C1-C3alkylsulfanyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfanyl, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfinyl, C1-C3alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfonyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, C1-C3alkyl, and C1-C3haloalkyl; R2bis halogen, CN, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C5cyanoalkyl, C1-C5cyanoalkoxy, C1-C3alkylsulfanyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfanyl, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfinyl, C1-C3alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3haloalkylsulfonyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, C1-C3alkyl, and C1-C3haloalkyl; R3is C1-C3alkyl or C1-C3haloalkyl; R4is hydrogen, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, allyl, propargyl, C3-C6cycloalkylC1-C4alkyl, C1- C3cyanoalkyl, C3-C4cycloalkyl, C3-C4halocycloalkyl, cyanoC3-C4cycloalkyl, oxetan-3-yl, hydroxy, or C1- C3alkoxy; R5is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3alkyloxy; or C3-C4cycloalkyl; or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer, or N-oxide of the compound of formula (I).

2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein A is CH.

3. The compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein X is oxygen.

4. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein R1 is hydrogen, methyl, orcyclopropylmethyl.109925 | 83182 FF5. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein R2a and R2b are independentlyhalogen, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3haloalkoxy, C1-C3haloalkylsulfonyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen and CN; or C1-C5cyanoalkyl.

6. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein R2a is chloro, bromo,difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, or 1-cyanocyclopropyl; and R2bis chloro, bromo, iodo, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, 1-cyano-1-methyl-ethyl, or 1- cyanocyclopropyl.

7. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein R3 is methyl.

8. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein R4 is hydrogen, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, or C3-C4cycloalkylmethyl9. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein R5 is hydrogen.

10. A composition comprising a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9, one or moreauxiliaries and diluent, and optionally one or more other active ingredient.

11. A method(i) of combating and controlling insects, acarines, nematodes or molluscs which comprises applying to apest, to a locus of a pest, or to a plant susceptible to attack by a pest an insecticidally, acaricidally, nematicidally or molluscicidally effective amount of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9, orof a composition as defined in claim 10; or (ii) for the protection of plant propagation material from the attack by insects, acarines, nematodes ormolluscs, which comprises treating the plant propagation material or the site where the propagation material is planted, with an effective amount of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9, or of acomposition as defined in claim 10; or (iii) of controlling parasites in or on an animal in need thereof, comprising administering an effectiveamount of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9, or of a composition as defined in claim 10.

12. A plant propagation material, such as a seed, comprising, or coated with, or treated with, oradhered thereto, a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9, or a composition as defined inclaim 10.

13. A compound of the formula (XII), of the formula (XIV), or of the formula (XV)109925 | 83182 FFwherein R4is as defined in claim 1 or 8; and X4is halogen, sulfonate, C1-C4alkylsulfanyl, C1- C4alkylsulfinyl, or C1-C4alkylsulfonyl; provided said compound is not 6-chloro-3-methylpyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, nor 6-fluoro-3- methylpyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one.

14. A compound of the formula (III), of the formula (V), of the formula (VII), of the formula (VIII), ofthe formula (XX), of the formula (XXI), or of the formula (XXII)(VIII) (XX) (XXI)109925 | 83182 FFwherein R1, R3, R4and R5are as defined in claims 1, 4, 7, 8, and 9; X2is a halogen or a sulfonate; X- is an anion.

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