Support for ear canal component or eardrum component

Abstract

The present invention relates to an ear system for positioning in a user's ear, said ear system having at least one first main component and at least one second main component, the second main component being positioned on the first main component in such configuration that, when the ear system is properly positioned in the user's ear, the second main component supports the first main component with respect to a fixed point, with respect to an inner surface of the ear canal and / or with respect to another first main component.

Description

[0001] Support for ear canal component or eardrum component

[0002] To improve the sound quality of hearing aids and other hearing systems, the concept of direct mechanical excitation was developed.

[0003] Vibrations at the eardrum are proposed using a "eardrum contact loudspeaker".

[0004] There are approaches where, for example, a silicone lens is placed on the drum file and adhesively fixed there. The silicone lens serves as...

[0005] A carrier for some kind of acoustic vibration generator. There are also approaches where a holding element is fixed near the eardrum in the ear canal and held in place by adhesive forces or by targeted "clamping".

[0006] Typically, established approaches require a custom 3D fit of the eardrum and / or the surrounding ear canal to ensure stable and complication-free placement. An inadequate fit can lead to the component falling out. Furthermore, if the component is fixed solely to the eardrum, part of the fixation may retract when force is applied to the eardrum, thus reducing the achieved equivalent output levels.

[0007] The invention relates to an ear system according to claim 1. The dependent claims specify advantageous further developments of the ear system according to the invention.

[0008] The present invention describes a spring element which, in its intended position, leads to the support of a further component against a fixed point or a fixed surface in the ear canal.

[0009] The present invention relates to a system (hereinafter also referred to as the overall system, even if it may have further components in addition to the components mentioned) whose main parts are intended for placement in the ear canal:

[0010] At least one primary component is positioned in a person's ear canal and remains in that position for an extended period of time.

[0011] In one possible variant, the first main component can be positioned directly on the eardrum (hereinafter referred to as the eardrum component).

[0012] In an alternative embodiment, the first main component can be positioned in the ear canal, but not on the eardrum of a person (hereinafter referred to as the ear canal component).

[0013] A preferred embodiment of the overall system comprises both a tympanic membrane component and an ear canal component. Optionally, a connection may exist between the tympanic membrane component and the ear canal component.

[0014] The overall system also includes a second main component which, in its intended position, provides support for at least one first main component against a fixed point and / or surface of a person's ear canal and / or provides support for at least one first main component against a fixed point and / or surface of another first main component. Advantageously, the second main component can be designed as a spring element. A point and / or surface of a person's ear canal can be located, for example, on the wall of the ear canal or the person's eardrum.

[0015] Furthermore, other components can be part of the overall system.

[0016] The first main components are advantageously worn in the ear canal for an extended period of time. There are several advantages to arranging components in a person's ear canal. Within the scope of the invention of the overall system, it is advantageous to provide at least one first main component with a functional element.

[0017] A functional element can be part of a primary component or the primary component itself. For example, a functional element can be a sound-receiving and / or sound-emitting component, such as one used in a hearing aid. Other possible functional elements whose placement in a person's ear canal is advantageous include modules for targeted drug delivery, power sources in the form of a rechargeable or primary battery, electrical or optical interfaces, (signal) processors for processing and / or transmitting and / or receiving information, components for energy transmission, accelerometers, pressure sensors, or sensors for monitoring physiological parameters and / or the environment.

[0018] Since the at least one first main component is used in a potentially moist biological environment, it is advantageous if the electrical voltages, preferably DC voltages, applied to the at least one first main component and / or parts thereof are less than 5 volts, preferably less than 4.3 volts, and particularly preferably less than 1.3 volts. Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to encapsulate the at least one first main component and / or parts thereof in a liquid-tight and / or electrically insulating manner, so that it does not come into contact with the liquid that may be surrounding the at least one first main component.

[0019] Encapsulation can also be suitable for improving the functionality and durability of the overall system and / or the first main component. It can protect against environmental influences such as moisture, earwax, and / or other contaminants found in the ear canal.

[0020] Furthermore, encapsulation can help stabilize sensitive materials or mechanisms within the device, such as electronic components. It prevents direct contact between these components and the biological elements of the ear canal, which could otherwise cause corrosion or damage from moisture and salts. Encapsulation also advantageously contributes to the device's comfort by smoothing any edges or protrusions that could irritate the sensitive skin in the ear canal, thus improving wearing comfort over extended periods.

[0021] Furthermore, the encapsulation material can be selected to contribute to the overall system performance. For example, the use of materials with specific acoustic properties can help control sound transmission through the device by either focusing or attenuating the sound waves.

[0022] A possible encapsulation for this purpose could, for example, consist of one or more of the following materials: silicone, polyurethane, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), parylene, other polymers such as acrylic-based materials, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, or silicon dioxide. Possible manufacturing processes for an encapsulation include injection molding, transfer molding, dip coating, brushing or spraying, vulcanization, spin deposition, atomic layer deposition, and physical or chemical vapor deposition. The diameter of a first main component should advantageously be small enough to fit into the ear canal without causing irritation or discomfort. The diameter of a first main component is defined as the component's extension in the direction of its smallest dimension.Advantageously, the first main component has a diameter of < 14 mm, preferably < 12 mm, preferably < 10 mm, preferably < 8 mm, preferably < 6 mm and / or > 0.5 mm, preferably > 1 mm, preferably > 2 mm, preferably > 3 mm, preferably > 4 mm.

[0023] The length of a first main component can vary depending on the design and application. The length of a first main component is defined as the component's extension in the direction of its greatest dimension. Advantageously, the first main component has a length of < 25 mm, preferably < 20 mm, preferably < 15 mm, preferably < 10 mm, preferably < 5 mm and / or > 0.5 mm, preferably > 1 mm, preferably > 2 mm, preferably > 3 mm.

[0024] The weight of at least one first principal component is advantageously as low as possible, ideally in the milligram range < 2 g, preferably < 1 g, preferably < 500 mg, preferably < 250 mg, preferably < 100 mg and / or > 10 mg, preferably > 20 mg, preferably > 30 mg, preferably > 40 mg, preferably > 50 mg.

[0025] Advantageously, at least one of the primary components is designed to be at least partially transparent to sound within a specific frequency spectrum. This allows a person to perceive sound sources in their environment naturally, even while wearing the earpiece.

[0026] However, it can also be advantageous to design at least one main component in such a way that it attenuates the sound energy of a specific frequency spectrum from sound sources in its environment as much as possible for the person. Preferably, the specific frequency spectrum is a hearing frequency range. The hearing frequency range within the meaning of this invention comprises a range of < 20 kHz, preferably < 16 kHz, preferably 14 kHz, preferably 12 kHz, preferably < 10 kHz, preferably < 8 kHz and / or > 10 Hz, preferably > 20 Hz, preferably > 40 Hz, preferably > 80 Hz.

[0027] In an advantageous embodiment, electrical energy and / or an information signal can be supplied wirelessly to the at least one first main component. For this purpose, the at least one first main component can have an interface for transmitting electrical energy. This interface should advantageously be easily accessible to the carrier of the at least one first main component. For wireless transmission, inductive energy transfer, capacitive energy transfer, and / or energy transfer via electromagnetic waves such as radio waves or light, or even energy transfer via ultrasound, are possible, for example. In this way, it is possible to avoid electrical contacts on the at least one first main component that are susceptible to contamination and wear, and also to avoid physical contact with the at least one first main component.

[0028] However, it is also possible to supply the energy and / or the information signal to the at least one first main component via a fixed or detachable cable connection. Such a fixed or detachable cable connection can, for example, be a plug connection or a contact connection. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the detachable cable connection is at least partially implemented by a spring element.

[0029] Advantageously, at least one first main component has at least one contact point suitable for establishing a detachable mechanical and / or electrical and / or optical connection with a spring element.

[0030] Placing a primary component directly on the eardrum, in the form of a tympanic membrane component, offers possibilities for improved listening experiences and / or health monitoring. For example, the use of sound-receiving and / or sound-emitting components on the eardrum can enhance the sound experience of hearing aids.

[0031] Eardrum contact hearing aids use a functional element in the form of a vibratory element to transmit audio signals in the form of vibrations directly or indirectly to the eardrum. Advantageously, an eardrum component therefore has at least one vibratory element.

[0032] Preferably, the drumhead component has at least one drumhead contact form to contact the drumhead. In this embodiment, the drumhead component therefore has at least one drumhead contact form and at least one further functional element, which is, for example, designed as a vibratory element.

[0033] It is preferred that the eardrum component has a minimum diameter smaller than the minimum diameter of the eardrum and / or a maximum diameter smaller than the maximum diameter of the eardrum. In this way, by appropriately orienting the eardrum component, it can rest completely on the eardrum without touching its edge. Preferably, these dimensions can be individually adapted to the dimensions of the eardrum of the person in whom the eardrum component is to be worn. However, it is also possible to adapt these dimensions to the average dimensions of eardrums of people of a corresponding age group or other categorized group.Advantageously, for example, the largest diameter of the tympanic membrane component can be less than or equal to 12 mm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 10 mm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 9 mm, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 7 mm. Advantageously, the smallest diameter of the tympanic membrane component can also be greater than or equal to 3 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 5 mm.

[0034] Advantageously, the tympanic membrane component has at least one contact point. This at least one contact point is advantageously positioned in the center of the tympanic membrane component and / or as close as possible to the umbo when the tympanic membrane component is in its intended position on a person's tympanic membrane.

[0035] At least one contact point is advantageously positioned on the caudal / posterior side of the tympanic membrane component to counteract outward displacement of the tympanic membrane component.

[0036] The placement of at least one first main component in the ear canal in the form of an ear canal component offers various advantages with regard to comfort, functionality and safety of an overall system in accordance with the invention.

[0037] Advantageously, the ear canal component is held in the ear canal and / or on the eardrum by an optional retention structure, the retention structure preferably being part of the ear canal component. In this case, the ear canal component comprises at least the following two subcomponents: at least one retention structure and a core that is held in the ear canal and / or on the eardrum by the at least one retention structure and may include further components and / or parts, such as functional elements. The at least one retention structure is preferably designed such that it partially rests against the ear canal wall and / or the eardrum when the ear canal component is positioned in a person's ear canal. In an advantageous embodiment, the ear canal component is resiliently mounted relative to the ear canal and / or the eardrum by means of at least one spring element.

[0038] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the ear canal component has at least one contact point suitable for establishing a detachable mechanical and / or electrical and / or optical connection with at least one spring element.

[0039] In an alternative advantageous embodiment, at least one spring element is mechanically fixed to the ear canal component. Advantageously, an ear canal component in its intended position is in mechanical contact with at least a part of an ear canal wall and is mechanically fixed or detachably connected to the at least one spring element, so that when the ear canal component and spring element are arranged in their intended position, a force exerted by the spring element is transmitted through the ear canal component to the ear canal wall.

[0040] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the function of the ear canal component is that of an interface to an external module located further out on the ear. For this purpose, the overall system has a connecting element to which an external module can be coupled. The connecting element can be part of the ear canal component. Advantageously, the ear canal component can function as a strain relief or as an interface for a tympanic membrane component. A connection between the external module and the connecting element can be established and released, so that any resulting force on the tympanic membrane module is weakened or prevented, thus, for example, preventing it from being moved from its intended position.The connecting element allows, for example, the transmission of energy, audio signals, control signals, configuration data, status data, and / or other data from the external module to the ear canal component and / or the eardrum component. Transmission in the reverse direction from the ear canal component and / or the eardrum component to the external module can also be advantageous within the scope of the invention.

[0041] Due to movement (e.g., sports, jaw movements), the ear canal component may loosen from its original position in the ear canal. Positional instability (i.e., movement along the ear canal or tilting) of the ear canal component can impair the functionality of the overall system or reduce wearing comfort. In cases of severe positional instability, the ear canal component may fall completely out of the ear canal, become damaged itself, or even cause injuries, for example, to the eardrum.

[0042] To solve this problem, the ear canal component can be held in place during wear by means of at least one retention structure in the ear canal and / or directly on the eardrum. Such a retention structure advantageously comprises a soft, adaptable material such as biocompatible silicone, polyurethane foam, or a similar material. This retention structure is advantageously designed to expand slightly after insertion and to fill the space defined by the ear canal and / or eardrum well, without exerting excessive pressure on the inner surfaces of the ear canal and / or eardrum, thus avoiding irritation and discomfort. Due to the flexibility of the retention structure, it can adapt to different shapes and sizes of the ear canal and / or eardrum, ensuring a secure fit.

[0043] In an advantageous design, the retention structure can be individually shaped to the user's anatomy or feature interchangeable components that allow for a certain degree of customization. These could be, for example, inserts in various sizes that can be easily exchanged by the user. This allows the thickness and length of the retention structure to be adjusted, thus enabling a more individualized fit that accommodates individual anatomical differences in the size and / or shape of the ear canal and eardrum. This feature is beneficial for a secure and comfortable fit, especially during movement or prolonged wear.

[0044] In principle, any conceivable detachable connection between the core and the mounting structure offers a way to ensure the mounting structure can be replaced. For example, the mounting structure and core can be connected using a form-fit connection (e.g., tongue and groove joint) or a force-fit connection (e.g., magnetic connection). Furthermore, a connection between the core and mounting structure using a detachable adhesive bond (temperature-soluble, solvent-based, etc.) is possible.

[0045] Furthermore, the retention structure can be equipped with a smooth outer surface, allowing for easy insertion and removal without injuring the ear canal. The surface can also be advantageously coated with an antimicrobial finish to prevent earwax buildup and inhibit bacterial growth, thereby promoting hygiene and reducing the risk of infection.

[0046] Optionally, the ear canal component can have an integrated pull tab or handle attached to one end of the component. This tab allows for easy gripping, insertion, and / or removal of the component.

[0047] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the holding structure can be designed as at least one spring element, or at least one spring element can be part of the holding structure.

[0048] Within the scope of the invention, the selection of a suitable material for the at least one spring element is important in order to ensure both optimal functionality and user safety. The material used for the at least one spring element therefore advantageously meets criteria regarding biocompatibility, since it may come into contact with the sensitive tissue of the ear. The use of non-allergenic materials is also advantageous.

[0049] Furthermore, the material advantageously exhibits exceptional biostability and / or corrosion resistance, as moisture and salts may be present in the environment of the ear, which could otherwise lead to the rapid deterioration of lower-quality materials and thus to a failure of the entire system.

[0050] Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the chosen material are important. It should ideally exhibit high fatigue strength to withstand bending and vibrations, robust elasticity to maintain effective force without deformation, and / or sufficient tensile strength to withstand the stresses of daily use without breaking.

[0051] Another important factor is the specific weight of the material. Using a lightweight material is advantageous for optimizing the comfort and functionality of the device.

[0052] Materials such as medical-grade titanium are often preferred for their high strength, light weight, biocompatibility, and stability. Titanium's high corrosion and fatigue resistance makes it ideal for long-term applications in medical devices, such as long-term implants. Other advantageous materials include steel, nitinol, cobalt-based alloys, platinum, gold, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polypropylene, silicone, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), rubbers, polyurethane, and polyimide, as well as combinations thereof.

[0053] In one possible embodiment, the at least one spring element can be made of or consist of a non-Newtonian material. In another possible embodiment, the at least one spring element can be designed approximately as a Kelvin-Voigt material or a Maxwell element.

[0054] The diameter of at least one spring element is advantageously small enough to fit into the ear canal without causing irritation or discomfort. The diameter of a spring element describes the component's extension in the direction of its smallest dimension. Advantageously, the spring element has a diameter of < 5 mm, preferably < 4 mm, preferably < 3 mm, preferably < 2 mm, preferably < 1 mm and / or > 0.1 mm, preferably > 0.25 mm, preferably > 0.5 mm, preferably > 0.75 mm, preferably > 1 mm.

[0055] The length of at least one spring element can vary depending on the design and application. The length of a spring element describes the component's extension in the direction of its greatest extent. Optionally, the longitudinal direction can also be considered the direction in which the spring element exerts its spring force. Advantageously, the spring element has a length of < 25 mm, preferably < 20 mm, preferably < 10 mm, preferably < 5 mm, preferably < 2.5 mm and / or > 0.5 mm, preferably > 1 mm, preferably > 1.5 mm, preferably > 2 mm.

[0056] The weight of the at least one spring element is advantageously as low as possible, ideally in the milligram range < 200 mg, preferably < 100 mg, preferably < 50 mg, preferably < 25 mg, preferably < 10 mg and / or > 1 mg, preferably > 2 mg, preferably > 3 mg, preferably > 4 mg, preferably > 5 mg.

[0057] The material of at least one spring element should advantageously have a low modulus of elasticity to ensure sufficient flexibility and elasticity. An elastic modulus of < 1000 GPa is advantageous, preferably < 500 GPa, preferably < 200 GPa, preferably < 100 GPa, preferably < 50 GPa and / or > 1 GPa, preferably > 2 GPa, preferably > 3 GPa, preferably > 4 GPa, preferably > 5 GPa.

[0058] When developing a spring element for use in a complete system, it is advantageous to choose a geometry that strikes a balance between flexibility, strength, and the limited space available in the ear canal. Some possible geometric designs that can be adapted to these requirements are listed below. However, other designs for realizing the invention are also possible.

[0059] In advantageous embodiments of the invention, a spring element is designed in one of the following spring geometries.

[0060] A coil spring is one of the most common spring geometries and can be easily adapted to an in-the-ear device. Coil springs can be built compactly and, depending on the design, are suitable for both compression and tension applications. The diameter and pitch of the coils can be adjusted to vary the force characteristics and compression length.

[0061] A conical spring, which tapers from one end to the other, offers the advantage of fitting into spaces of varying diameters, such as the ear canal. This spring geometry can be compressed more compactly than a cylindrical spring of the same length, as the coils can slide into one another.

[0062] A torsion spring can be used for devices that require a rotational force or torque. The ends of a torsion spring are attached to other components that rotate relative to each other, making them suitable for applications involving rotational or twisting operations.

[0063] Leaf springs feature one or more strips of flexible material or are made entirely of it, and have a slim profile that is ideal for flat or narrow areas in the ear. They can be designed to bend in a specific direction and provide controlled force over a wide range of motion.

[0064] Disc springs offer high load-bearing capacity with small deflections and are used in applications requiring high force in confined spaces. Disc springs can be stacked in various configurations to achieve the desired spring characteristics.

[0065] In the spring geometry of a zigzag or serpentine spring, a continuous piece of material is formed into a series of sharp bends or folds. The zigzag pattern allows for flexibility and greater length in a compact design, making it suitable for shock absorption or damping.

[0066] Volute springs have the shape of a cone that expands into a spiral and are used for their ability to generate large forces in a compact form. They become more compact under load, which is advantageous in applications with limited space.

[0067] Advantageously, at least one spring element can be designed as a gyroid to ensure optimal, direction-independent pressure distribution. A gyroid is characterized by its complex, continuous, triply periodic minimal surface, which divides three-dimensional space into two interlocking regions with identical topology but opposite chirality. This non-planar, non-self-intersecting geometry is defined by smooth, sinusoidal waveforms that intersect perpendicularly, forming a highly interconnected yet structurally robust lattice.

[0068] By exploiting the complex surface geometry of a gyroid, this spring geometry can be manufactured using advanced techniques such as 3D printing. Gyroid springs can be designed to exhibit variable density and stiffness properties and are specifically tailored to the unique acoustic and mechanical requirements of spring elements.

[0069] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second main component can have a spring element as described above, serving as a support. In its intended position, this spring element can be suitable for applying a force to a first main component and thus holding it in a position advantageous for the overall system, or stabilizing such a position, by supporting it against a part of an ear canal wall or another first main component.

[0070] Advantageously, at least one spring element, in particular the support, is designed such that the normal component FN of a force exerted on the eardrum by a supported spring element in its intended position is greater than the tangential component FT of the force. This prevents the spring element from slipping as a result of the force.

[0071] Preferably, the tangential component of the force on the eardrum, when positioned as intended, points in a caudal / posterior direction (towards the end of the ear canal) in order to counteract a displacement outwards of at least one first main component connected with the at least one spring element.

[0072] The spring element is preferably designed such that a safe limit force FG on the eardrum is not exceeded when applied. Advantageously, the at least one spring element is designed such that when a tensile force is applied to the at least one spring element, a safe limit force FG on the eardrum is not exceeded.

[0073] The safe limiting force FG for the at least one spring element interacting with the eardrum is the maximum force that the at least one spring element can exert on the eardrum without causing discomfort or damage. The pressure P that can be tolerated without discomfort or damage is approximately 2-3 kPa. For the at least one spring element exerting a direct force, this pressure is converted into a force when considering the area A of the eardrum, which is approximately 55 mm². 2 (or 0.0055 cm 2). Using the lower end of this range (2 kPa), the safe limiting force can be calculated as follows:

[0074] FG = P x A

[0075] FG = 2 kPax0.0055 cm2 = 0.011 Newton

[0076] This value represents a conservative estimate. For practical reasons and to account for safety factors, the actual safe limiting force FG may differ from this calculated value.

[0077] An advantageous safe limiting force FG that the at least one spring element must not exceed when placed on the eardrum or when a tensile force is applied to the at least one spring element is therefore advantageously a value < 0.5 N, preferably < 0.2 N, preferably < 0.1 N, preferably < 0.05 N, preferably < 0.02 N. Advantageously, the spring element does not generate pressures greater than 20 mmHg (2666 Pa) in the ear canal.

[0078] In an advantageous embodiment, a predetermined breaking point is incorporated into the at least one spring element, which is designed such that a force required to destroy the spring element or the predetermined breaking point does not exceed a limiting force that results in a force on the eardrum that is less than or equal to a safe limiting force FG on the eardrum.

[0079] In order to limit the maximum force that can be applied, the at least one spring element can advantageously be designed as a flexible tube or flexible rod and be designed in such a way that, upon reaching a critical force, one of Euler's buckling cases occurs, depending on the fixing of the ends of the at least one spring element.

[0080] Advantageously, at least one spring element exhibits a distinct frequency- and / or velocity-dependent deformability. This is preferably designed such that the at least one spring element displays high stability against deformation at acoustic frequencies, while simultaneously exhibiting high deformability during static movements or at subacoustic frequencies. This means that the at least one spring element deforms less as the frequency increases when a static or periodic force with a defined amplitude is applied.

[0081] In an advantageous embodiment, the spring element has one or more folding and / or kinking points, so that several contact points are created on the spring element and thus a force distribution of a force exerted by the spring element on a first main component is optimized.

[0082] In an advantageous embodiment, the at least one spring element is supported against a part of the ear canal wall. For example, if the first main component is designed as a tympanic membrane component and the at least one spring element is fixedly or detachably connected to this tympanic membrane component as the second main component, the at least one spring element can be supported against an ear canal wall opposite the tympanic membrane.

[0083] In one embodiment, the at least one spring element, which is fixedly or detachably connected to a drumhead component, can have flexible arcs that protrude from the plane of the drumhead component.

[0084] In an advantageous embodiment, the at least one spring element simultaneously forms an interface for signal or energy exchange or has such an interface. Such an interface can serve to connect at least two first main components. An interface can serve to transmit, for example, signal or energy in electrical, optical, electromagnetic, and / or acoustic form.

[0085] In an advantageous embodiment, the at least one spring element can be detachably connected to at least one first main component at a contact point provided for this purpose, wherein the contact point is designed such that the force required to release the connection does not exceed a limiting force that results in a force on the eardrum that is less than or equal to a safe limiting force FG on the eardrum.

[0086] The production of a detachable connection advantageously employs a snap or clip mechanism that allows for easy connection and / or separation of the two components, ideally without tools. A possible design for such a connection would include male and female components, with one end of the spring element featuring a small projection or hook that securely engages in a corresponding groove or notch of the first main component. This interaction allows the components to be firmly connected, holding the assembly in place during use while still allowing for easy separation when necessary. An alternative implementation of a detachable connection utilizes a screw mechanism.

[0087] In a preferred embodiment, a detachable connection is implemented as a magnetic connection. Such a magnetic connection can be characterized in that it has at least two magnetic elements, wherein at least one of the at least two magnetic elements is mechanically connected to the at least one first main component, while a second of the at least two magnetic elements is mechanically connected to the at least one spring element.

[0088] Magnetic elements can contain or consist of both permanent magnets and electromagnets, with the use of a permanent magnet being advantageous. These can, for example, have iron, cobalt, nickel, neodymium, samarium and / or other ferrites and / or rare earths and / or other hard magnetic materials or a combination of these materials, or consist of one or more of these materials.

[0089] An optional embodiment of the invention comprises magnetic elements that at least partially consist of a ferromagnetic material with soft magnetic properties, such as iron, silicon-enhanced steels, iron-nickel alloys, iron-cobalt alloys, and other iron and steel alloys, or are made of one or more of these materials, but are not permanent magnets. In this case, the corresponding counterpart is preferably a permanent magnet or electromagnet.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment, at least two magnetic elements are designed such that they are suitable together for the magnetic and / or electromagnetic transmission of signals and / or energy.

[0091] In an alternative advantageous embodiment, the at least one spring element, as the second main component, is mechanically connected to at least one first main component. A mechanically strong connection can be achieved, for example, by laser welding or ultrasonic welding, in which the two components are fused together at the molecular level. An alternative method of connection relies on the use of adhesives specifically developed for medical applications. These adhesives can be biocompatible and resistant to bodily fluids, providing a reliable bond without the risk of irritation or allergic reactions.

[0092] The choice of adhesive depends on the materials of the components to ensure compatibility and effective adhesion throughout the entire lifespan of the device.

[0093] In a preferred embodiment, the overall system has at least two contact points with optical elements, wherein at least one of the at least two optical elements is mechanically connected to an ear canal component, while a second of the at least two optical elements is mechanically connected to the tympanic membrane component, wherein the at least two optical elements are designed such that they are suitable for transmitting signals and / or energy between the ear canal component and the tympanic membrane component.

[0094] A contact point is suitable for establishing a detachable mechanical and / or electrical and / or optical connection between a first main component and a second main component, such as a spring element. Advantageously, at least one contact point of the at least one first main component and / or the at least one spring element can utilize magnetic forces to facilitate self-locating with another component.

[0095] Advantageously, at least one contact point of the at least one first main component and / or of the at least one spring element can have pocket- or funnel-shaped openings to facilitate self-finding with another component, which can be designed, for example, as a spring element or first main component.

[0096] The function of the vibratory element can be both to cause a vibratory excitation of the eardrum and to support the finding of an equilibrium position of the eardrum component on the eardrum.

[0097] A vibratory element can also be understood as an element that converts an electrical or optical input signal into a mechanical vibration and / or that converts mechanical vibrations into electrical or optical signals.

[0098] Advantageously, the mechanical vibrations are sound vibrations. For the purposes of this application, sound vibrations are understood to be vibrations with frequencies perceptible to the human ear, i.e., vibrations between approximately 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. These sound vibrations are also suitable for exciting sound waves in a medium, in particular air or perilymph.

[0099] Possible configurations of such a vibratory element, or parts thereof, include a balanced armature receiver, MEMS micro-speaker, piezoelectric, electromagnetic, electrodynamic, or electrostatic loudspeaker, or another type of actuator. Sound generation can be electrostatic, electrodynamic, electromagnetic, or piezoelectric. Advantageously, the vibratory element is designed as a planar transducer.

[0100] A planar transducer can be understood as a transducer that extends further in a planar direction, preferably a plane, than in a thickness direction perpendicular to it. Advantageously, the maximum extent in the planar direction can be greater than or equal to 5 times the maximum extent in the thickness direction, preferably 7 times, preferably 10 times, preferably 20 times.

[0101] Preferably, the area of ​​the transducer, in which it extends planarly, covers the entire extent of the eardrum contact shape, with the exception of those areas that serve to support the planar transducer and / or connect the planar transducer to the eardrum contact shape. The extent of the eardrum contact shape can be understood as a projection of the surface of the eardrum contact shape onto the plane in which the transducer extends planarly. Alternatively or additionally, a planar transducer can also be understood as a transducer that vibrates in the direction of a normal to the surface of the transducer. In this case, the direction of the maximum amplitude of the vibrations of vibrating or oscillating components is preferably perpendicular to the surface in which the transducer extends planarly.

[0102] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the planar transducer can have a membrane structure comprising at least one support layer and at least one piezoelectric layer arranged on the support layer. The support layer and the piezoelectric layer thus form a layered system in which the support layer and the piezoelectric layer are arranged parallel to each other. In this embodiment, mechanical vibrations of the membrane structure can be generated by applying a voltage, in particular an alternating voltage, to the piezoelectric layer. This utilizes the fact that the piezoelectric layer deforms when the voltage is applied, with the direction of the deformation depending on the sign of the applied voltage.A membrane structure can be understood here as a structure that essentially extends over a plane, meaning it has a significantly larger extent in two dimensions than in the dimension perpendicular to those two dimensions. The two dimensions in which the membrane structure primarily extends define the membrane surface and the surface of the transducer.

[0103] The membrane structure is particularly preferred for this purpose, implemented using thin-film technology. Thin films are advantageous because high fields are required to generate high energy densities, while the achievable voltages should be as low as possible due to the biological environment. The required energy densities can be achieved in a thin-film membrane.

[0104] In particular, the piezoelectric layers can be produced using thin-film technology according to the invention. For this purpose, piezoelectric material is applied to the membrane structure of a piezoelectric layer to the thickness of the piezoelectric layer. Application can be carried out using deposition techniques such as physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel processes, and others. Preferably, the piezoelectric layers have a thickness of < 20 pm, more preferably < 10 pm, more preferably < 5 pm and / or > 0.2 pm, more preferably > 1 pm, more preferably > 1.5 pm, and more preferably ≥ 2 pm. The electrode layers preferably have a thickness of < 0.5 pm, more preferably < 0.2 pm, more preferably < 0.1 pm and / or > 0.02 pm, more preferably > 0.05 pm, and more preferably > 0.08 pm.

[0105] It is preferred if the membrane structure has a circular or oval circumference. In particular, it is advantageous if the circumference of the membrane structure corresponds to the circumference of the eardrum, so that the circumference of the membrane structure runs approximately parallel to the circumference of the eardrum when the transducer is positioned. An n-sided circumference of the membrane structure, where n preferably > 6, is also possible.

[0106] To vibrate the membrane structure and / or to tap a voltage from the piezoelectric layer, at least one first and at least one second electrode layer can be arranged on the membrane structure, with the at least one piezoelectric layer being arranged between the first and second electrode layers. The electrode layers preferably cover the piezoelectric layer and are arranged with parallel planes on or around the piezoelectric layer. Preferably, the first or second electrode layer is arranged between the substrate and the piezoelectric layer, so that the piezoelectric layer is positioned over one of the electrode layers on the substrate. Particularly preferably, the piezoelectric layer and the electrode layers completely cover each other.

[0107] Preferably, the planar transducer is connected at least partially at its edge to the edge of the eardrum contact form. The connection can be direct or via one or more additional components, although a direct connection is preferred. It is particularly preferred if the planar transducer is connected to the eardrum contact form along its entire circumference. Preferably, the planar transducer and the eardrum contact form can have the same circumferential shape, so that the diaphragm structure and the eardrum contact form can be connected to each other along their entire edge.

[0108] The eardrum contact form is designed so that it can be brought into contact with the eardrum directly or via at least one intermediary layer. If one or more intermediary layers are provided between the eardrum contact form and the eardrum, these can optionally also be considered part of the eardrum contact form. Preferably, the eardrum contact form has a surface that, when used as intended, faces the eardrum and is shaped to at least partially follow the shape of the eardrum.

[0109] Advantageously, the tympanic membrane contact form has a surface facing away from the functional tympanic membrane element, the shape of which corresponds to the shape of a surface of the tympanic membrane facing the ear canal or is at least partially or completely parallel to it when the tympanic membrane contact form is positioned on the tympanic membrane as intended. The tympanic membrane contact form can also be designed to conform to this surface of the tympanic membrane when placed on the ear. Which variant is chosen may depend on the material of the tympanic membrane contact form. If the material is inflexible but easily molded, the corresponding surface of the tympanic membrane contact form can be shaped accordingly before insertion into the ear, so that this surface rests partially or completely on the tympanic membrane when the tympanic membrane component is inserted into the ear.If, however, the material is flexible, prior modeling may not be necessary, as the surface of the eardrum contact form adapts to the eardrum's surface when placed on it. Another possible design involves the aforementioned surface of the eardrum contact form following the eardrum's surface with maximum detail, and a material being applied to the surface of the eardrum contact form that adapts to the eardrum when the eardrum component is placed on it, or the eardrum contact form itself compensating for any remaining deviations through shape changes.

[0110] It is also advantageous in a design in which the eardrum contact element, in an area that rests against the eardrum during intended use, has a thickness so small that it can essentially only generate stresses in directions parallel to the surface of the eardrum contact element in this area. In this case, the eardrum contact element behaves like a film in this area. Preferably, the thickness of the eardrum contact element in this area is less than or equal to 500 pm, more preferably less than or equal to 200 pm, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 150 pm.

[0111] In an advantageous embodiment, the eardrum contact form can have or consist of silicone.

[0112] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tympanic membrane component can have a layer on the surface of the tympanic membrane contact form facing away from the tympanic membrane functional element, which is designed to improve adhesion of the tympanic membrane contact form to the tympanic membrane. Such a layer can, for example, comprise or consist of white oil, grease, silicone oil, glycerin, and / or paraffin. In this way, a good fit of the tympanic membrane component to the tympanic membrane is ensured.

[0113] Advantageously, the minimum distance between the tympanic membrane functional element and a surface of the tympanic membrane contact form facing away from the tympanic membrane functional element is less than or equal to 2 mm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 1 mm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 400 µm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 200 µm.

[0114] It can be advantageous if the tympanic membrane contact form has a convex shape in the direction of the tympanic membrane, which replicates the shape of the tympanic membrane in such a way that, when the tympanic membrane component is arranged on the tympanic membrane as intended, a thin gap of between 15 and 100 pm is created between the tympanic membrane contact form and the surface of the tympanic membrane facing the ear canal. This gap can be filled with a naturally occurring fluid or with an additionally introduced fluid such as white oil. For this purpose, the tympanic membrane contact form could have a shape with a correspondingly smaller diameter.

[0115] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the tympanic membrane functional element can be cast into the tympanic membrane contact mold at its edge or glued into a recess in the tympanic membrane contact mold. In this way, the tympanic membrane functional element can be inserted into the tympanic membrane contact mold such that, in particular, an outer edge of the tympanic membrane functional element can be defined by the tympanic membrane contact mold. In this case, the largest dimension of the tympanic membrane component in the plane of the tympanic membrane functional element is determined by the dimension of the tympanic membrane contact mold in this plane. The recess in the tympanic membrane contact mold into which the tympanic membrane functional element is inserted can preferably run along or circumferentially around the edge of the tympanic membrane contact mold.

[0116] The invention will now be explained by way of example with reference to several figures. Identical reference numerals denote identical or corresponding features. The features described in the examples can also be implemented independently of the corresponding example and combined between different examples.

[0117] It shows:

[0118] Fig. 1 shows a complete system according to the invention, Fig. 2 shows a complete system according to the invention, Fig. 3 shows a complete system according to the invention,

[0119] Fig. 4 analogous to Fig. 3 shows a complete system according to the invention,

[0120] Fig. 5 shows a drumhead component according to the invention,

[0121] Fig. 6 shows a complete system according to the invention,

[0122] Fig. 7 shows a complete system according to the invention,

[0123] Fig. 8 shows a complete system according to the invention,

[0124] Fig. 9 shows a complete system according to the invention,

[0125] Fig. 10 shows a complete system according to the invention,

[0126] Fig. 11 shows various possible embodiments of a spring element according to the invention in the partial figures.

[0127] Figs. 12 and 13 show two embodiments of a complete system according to the invention.

[0128] In the figures, the reference symbols indicate the following components:

[0129] 1: Tympanic membrane component

[0130] 2: Spring element

[0131] 3: Vibratory element

[0132] 4: Ear canal component

[0133] 5: Overall system

[0134] 6: Contact point

[0135] 7: Creases or folds

[0136] 8: Ear canal

[0137] 9: Ear canal wall

[0138] 10: Eardrum

[0139] 11: Eardrum contact shape

[0140] 12: Support structure

[0141] 13a: Normal component FN of a force on a tympanic membrane

[0142] 13b: Tangential component FT of a force on a tympanic membrane

[0143] 14: Functional element

[0144] 15: Encapsulation

[0145] 16: Core

[0146] 17: Breaking point

[0147] 18: Pocket-shaped opening

[0148] 19: Magnetic connection

[0149] 20: Magnetic element 21: First main component

[0150] 22: Second main component

[0151] 23: External module

[0152] 24: Coil

[0153] 25: Coil 26: Tab

[0154] Fig. 1 shows a complete system 5 according to the invention with a first main component 21 designed as a tympanic membrane component 1. The tympanic membrane component 1 is intended to be arranged in the ear canal 8 of a person. The tympanic membrane component 1 has a tympanic membrane contact form 11 which, according to the invention, is in contact with the tympanic membrane 10. Furthermore, the tympanic membrane component 1 has a vibratory element.

[0155] 3 functional element 14. The second main component 22, designed as a spring element 2, supports the tympanic membrane component 1 against the ear canal wall 9 of a person according to the invention.

[0156] Fig. 2 shows a complete system 5 according to the invention with a first main component 21 designed as an ear canal component 4. The ear canal component 4 is intended to be arranged in the ear canal 8 of a person. The second main component 22, designed as a spring element 2, supports the ear canal component 4 against the ear canal wall 9 of a person according to the invention. The ear canal component also has

[0157] 4 via a retention structure 12, which holds the ear canal component 4 in the ear canal 8 of a person.

[0158] Fig. 3 shows a complete system 5 according to the invention, comprising a tympanic membrane component 1 and an ear canal component 4. The tympanic membrane component 1 has a tympanic membrane contact form 11, which, according to the invention, is in contact with the tympanic membrane 10. Furthermore, the tympanic membrane component 1 has a vibratory element 3. The ear canal component 4 has a retention structure 12a and a retention structure 12b, which hold the ear canal component 4 in the ear canal 8 of a person. A spring element 2 supports the tympanic membrane component 1 on the ear canal component 4, according to the invention. Fig. 4 shows, analogously to Fig. 3, a complete system 5 according to the invention, comprising a tympanic membrane component 1 and an ear canal component 4. According to the invention, the tympanic membrane component 1 is in contact with the tympanic membrane 10. The ear canal component 4 has a retention structure 12, which holds the ear canal component 4 in the ear canal 8 of a person.According to the invention, a spring element 2 supports the tympanic membrane component 1 against the ear canal component 4. Additionally, a predetermined breaking point 17 is incorporated into the spring element 2.

[0159] Fig. 5 shows a tympanic membrane component 1 according to the invention. The tympanic membrane component 1 has a tympanic membrane contact form 11 which, according to the invention, is in contact with the tympanic membrane 10. Furthermore, the tympanic membrane component 1 has a vibratory element 3. A spring element 2 supports the tympanic membrane component 1 against the ear canal wall 9 according to the invention. Fig. 5 also shows a normal component of a force on a tympanic membrane 13a and a tangential component of a force on a tympanic membrane 13b.

[0160] Fig. 6 shows a complete system 5 according to the invention, comprising a tympanic membrane component 1 and an ear canal component 4. The tympanic membrane component 1 has a tympanic membrane contact form 11, which, according to the invention, is in contact with the tympanic membrane 10. Furthermore, the tympanic membrane component 1 has a vibratory element 3. The ear canal component 4 has a retention structure 12, which holds the ear canal component 4 in the ear canal 8 of a person. A spring element 2 supports the tympanic membrane component 1 against the ear canal component 4, according to the invention. Additionally, the ear canal component 4 has a contact point 6a and the tympanic membrane component has a contact point 6b. Both contact points connect the two first main components to each other via the spring element 2.

[0161] Fig. 7 shows a complete system 5 according to the invention, comprising a tympanic membrane component 1 and an ear canal component 4. The tympanic membrane component 1 has a tympanic membrane contact form 11, which, according to the invention, is in contact with the tympanic membrane 10. Furthermore, the tympanic membrane component 1 has a functional element 14b. The ear canal component 4 has a retention structure 12, which holds the ear canal component 4 in the ear canal 8 of a person. Furthermore, the ear canal component 4 has a functional element 14a, which is arranged in a core 16 of the ear canal component 4. Additionally, the ear canal component 4 has an encapsulation 15. A spring element 2 supports the tympanic membrane component 1 on the ear canal component 4 according to the invention.

[0162] Fig. 8 shows a complete system 5 according to the invention, comprising a tympanic membrane component 1 and an ear canal component 4. The tympanic membrane component 1 has a tympanic membrane contact form 11, which, according to the invention, is in contact with the tympanic membrane 10. Furthermore, the tympanic membrane component 1 has a vibratory element 3 and a contact point designed as a pocket-shaped opening 18. The ear canal component 4 has a retention structure 12, which holds the ear canal component 4 in the ear canal 8 of a person. According to the invention, a spring element 2 supports the tympanic membrane component 1 on the ear canal component 4. Additionally, the spring element 2 has a contact point 6a and a contact point 6b, which are connected to the pocket-shaped opening 18 of the tympanic membrane component 1. Furthermore, the contact point 6a has a bend and / or fold 7, so that several contact points 6a and 6b are formed on the spring element 2 with respect to the tympanic membrane component 1.

[0163] Fig. 9 shows a complete system 5 according to the invention, comprising a tympanic membrane component 1 and an ear canal component 4. The tympanic membrane component 1 has a tympanic membrane contact form 11, which, according to the invention, is in contact with the tympanic membrane 10. Furthermore, the tympanic membrane component 1 has a vibratory element 3. The ear canal component 4 has a retention structure 12, which holds the ear canal component 4 in the ear canal 8 of a person. A spring element 2 supports the tympanic membrane component 1 against the ear canal component 4, according to the invention. In addition, the ear canal component 4 has a contact point, which is designed as a magnetic connection 19. The magnetic connection 19 is composed of the two magnetic elements 20a and 20b, wherein the magnetic element 20a is connected to the ear canal component 20a and the magnetic element 20b is connected to the spring element 2.Figure 10 shows a complete system 5 according to the invention, comprising a tympanic membrane component 1 and an ear canal component 4. The tympanic membrane component 1 has a tympanic membrane contact form 11, which, according to the invention, is in contact with the tympanic membrane 10. Furthermore, the tympanic membrane component 1 has a functional element 14. The ear canal component 4 has a spring element 2b, which, according to the invention, supports the ear canal component 4 against the ear canal wall 9 of a person. A spring element 2a supports the tympanic membrane component 1 against the ear canal component 4, according to the invention. In addition, the complete system 5 has an external module 23, which can be connected to the ear canal component 4.

[0164] Fig. 11 shows in the inset figures various possible embodiments of a spring element 2a-2h according to the invention, with which, as shown, an inventive tympanic membrane component 1, which is arranged in its intended position on the tympanic membrane 10 of a person, can be supported against the ear canal wall 9. Such a spring element can, for example, be part of the second main component or be the second main component itself. The specific spring element 2a is designed as a cylindrical spiral spring, the outer ends of which are supported against or bear against the tympanic membrane component 1 and the ear canal wall 9, respectively. The specific spring element 2b is designed as a conical spring, which tapers towards the ear canal wall 9. The specific spring element 2c is designed as a helical torsion spring. The specific spring element 2d is designed as an elliptical leaf spring.Specific spring element 2e is designed as a disc spring. Specific spring element 2f is designed as a serpentine spring. Specific spring element 2g is designed as a volute spring. Specific spring element 2h is designed as a gyroid.

[0165] Figures 12 and 13 show two embodiments of a complete system 5 according to the invention, comprising a tympanic membrane component 1 and an ear canal component 4, similar to that shown in Figure 10. The tympanic membrane component 1 has a tympanic membrane contact form 11 which is in contact with the tympanic membrane 10. The ear canal component 4 has a spring element 12 which supports the ear canal component 4 on opposite sides against the ear canal wall 9 of a person.

[0166] Figure 12 shows an embodiment in which the ear canal component 4 has a tab that is arranged at a distance greater than zero relative to a tab 26 of the tympanic membrane component 1. The tab of the ear canal component 4 has a flat coil 24 whose coil axis is oriented vertically in the plane of the figure. The tab 26 of the tympanic membrane component 1 also has a flat coil whose coil axis is coaxial with the coil axis of the coil of the ear canal component.

[0167] In the embodiment shown in Fig. 13, the ear canal component 4 has a coil 24 whose coil axis is oriented horizontally in the plane of the figure. The tympanic membrane component has a tab as shown in Fig. 12, at the end of which a coil 25 is arranged. The coil axis of coil 24 is coaxial with the coil axis of coil 25. The tab can be shaped such that a portion of it is arranged circumferentially around the inner wall of the ear canal, and the windings of coil 25 are embedded therein and follow the contours of the ear canal wall. Advantageously, the coil axis is thus oriented in the direction of the ear canal axis.

[0168] According to the invention, different construction and coil concepts are also possible compared to the embodiment shown. For example, one or both coils 24 and / or 25 can be designed as spiral flat coils, saddle coils, or other coil shapes. One or both coils 24 and / or 25 can additionally have a core, such as a ferrite core. One possible embodiment of the coils 24 and / or 25 utilizes multilayer conductor loops within a flexible printed circuit. Tilting the coils 24 and 25 relative to each other may be necessary for anatomical reasons. Tilts of up to approximately 25° are conceivable, ensuring sufficient inductive coupling.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Ear system for arrangement in a user's ear, comprising at least one first main component and at least one second main component, wherein the second main component is arranged on the first main component such that, when the ear system is arranged as intended in the user's ear, the second main component supports the first main component against a fixed point, against an inner surface of the ear canal and / or against another first main component.

2. Ear system according to the preceding claim, wherein the first main component is a tympanic membrane component that can be positioned on a tympanic membrane of the user, preferably directly.

3. Ear system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first main component is an ear canal component that can be arranged in the ear canal, but not on the eardrum of the user and / or spaced apart from the eardrum.

4. Ear system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second main component comprises or is at least one spring element.

5. Ear system according to the preceding claims, the spring element having at least one predetermined breaking point where the breaking force is lower than in other areas of the spring element.

6. Ear system according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein the first main component is a tympanic membrane component that can be positioned on the user's tympanic membrane, wherein the spring element is designed such that, when the ear system is arranged as intended in the user's ear, it is located on one side on a surface of the eardrum component facing away from the eardrum and on the other side on an area of ​​the inner surface of the ear canal that is directly opposite the eardrum.

7. Ear system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first principal component is a tympanic membrane component which, when the ear system is arranged in the user's ear as intended, has a surface facing the tympanic membrane, the shape of which is parallel to the distal surface of the tympanic membrane.

8. Ear system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first main component is a tympanic membrane component comprising a tympanic membrane contact element which, when the ear system is arranged as intended in the user's ear, faces the tympanic membrane and which further comprises a sound transducer on which the second main component is arranged on the side of the second main component facing away from the tympanic membrane contact element.

9. Ear system according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a first main component, which is a tympanic membrane module, and a further first main component, which is an ear canal module, wherein the tympanic membrane module and the ear canal module are supported against each other via the second main component.

10. Ear system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and the second main component are configured such that, when the ear system is arranged as intended in the user's ear, a force is exerted from the second main component onto the first main component, the force component of which is perpendicular to a surface of the first main component on which the second main component is arranged is greater than the force component of which is parallel to this surface.

11. Ear system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one first main component and the at least one second main component are connected to each other via a reconnectable and detachable connection.

12. Ear system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first main component is a tympanic membrane module and comprises a first coil, further comprising a further first main component, which is an ear canal module and comprises a second coil, wherein the first and the second coils are arranged relative to each other such that energy and / or information can be inductively transmitted between them.

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