Control of plant disease

Abstract

The present invention provides a means for effectively or efficiently protecting crops from plant diseases. The present invention uses an agricultural and horticultural preparation containing an active ingredient and mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL).

Description

Control of plant diseases

[0001] This invention relates to a method for controlling plant diseases and a product for controlling plant diseases.

[0002] There has been a demand for pesticides that are low in toxicity to humans and animals, easy to handle, have a low environmental impact, and exhibit high plant disease control effects. Adding adjuvants, such as surfactants, has been known as a means of enhancing the biological activity of the active ingredients of such pesticides. However, most adjuvants are produced by chemical synthesis and have issues such as zoonotic and environmental toxicity, and environmental degradability. On the other hand, biosurfactants, which are surface-active substances derived from microorganisms, are known to be highly safe and biodegradable.

[0003] Against this technical background, an agricultural and horticultural agent containing mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL) has been disclosed (Patent Document 1).

[0004] WO2019 / 177174

[0005] In plant disease control, the effects on non-target organisms and the environment are problematic. Therefore, to reduce the toxicity to non-target organisms and the burden on the environment, there is a demand for formulations that can provide high crop protection and disease control effects while reducing the amount of chemicals sprayed.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to provide a means for effectively or efficiently protecting agricultural crops from plant diseases.

[0007] As a result of extensive research aimed at solving the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by using MEL in combination with an active ingredient as an adjuvant that enhances disease control efficacy while ensuring low toxicity to non-target organisms and low environmental impact. Based on this finding, the present inventors have conducted further research and have completed the present invention.

[0008] The present invention encompasses the following aspects. Item 1. An agricultural and horticultural formulation comprising an active ingredient and mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL). Item 2. The agricultural and horticultural formulation according to Item 1, wherein MEL is MEL-B. Item 3. The agricultural and horticultural formulation according to Item 1 or 2, which is for use on cotton and / or soybean. Item 4. The agricultural and horticultural formulation according to any one of Items 1 to 3, which contains MEL at a concentration of 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass. Item 5. A diluted agricultural and horticultural formulation comprising the agricultural and horticultural formulation according to any one of Items 1 to 4 and a solvent. Item 6. The diluted agricultural and horticultural formulation according to Item 5, which contains 0.001 to 0.05% by mass of MEL. Item 7. A method for treating agricultural and horticultural plants, which comprises spraying the diluted agricultural and horticultural formulation according to Item 5 or 6 over an agricultural or horticultural field at a rate of 50 L / ha to 200 L / ha. Item 8. The treatment method according to Item 7, wherein spraying is carried out using an aircraft.

[0009] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a formulation that has low toxicity to non-target organisms and low environmental impact, and that exhibits high disease control effects.

[0010] 1 shows the results of measuring the evaporation rate of MEL aqueous solutions. (a) Results for 0.025% by mass of MEL-B. (b) Results for 0.1% by mass of MEL-B. (c) Results for 0.5% by mass of MEL-B. (d) Results for 0.025% by mass of SILWET L-77. 1 shows the results of measuring the diffusibility of chemicals into plant surfaces using MEL. (a) Results of measuring the diffusibility into soybean leaf surfaces using 0.025% by mass of MEL-B. (b) Results of measuring the diffusibility into soybean leaf surfaces using 0.1% by mass of MEL-B. (c) Results of measuring the diffusibility into soybean leaf surfaces using 0.5% by mass of MEL-B. (d) Results of measuring the diffusibility into cotton leaf surfaces using 0.025% by mass of MEL-B. (e) Results of measuring the diffusibility onto cotton leaf surfaces using 0.1% by mass of MEL-B. (f) Results of measuring the diffusibility onto cotton leaf surfaces using 0.5% by mass of MEL-B. Results of measuring the drift properties of 0.025% by mass of MEL-B and 0.025% by mass of SILWET L-77 are shown. Results of evaluating the effect of MEL on the control efficacy of fungicides against soybean powdery mildew are shown. (a) Results for control plot 1 and control plot 2 are shown. (b) Results for comparison plot 1, test plot 1, test plot 2, and test plot 3 are shown. (c) Results for comparison plot 2, comparison plot 3, and test plot 2 are shown. Results of evaluating the effect of MEL on the control efficacy of fungicides against soybean rust are shown. (a) Results in terms of control titers for comparison plot 1, test plot 1, and test plot 2 are shown. (b) Results in terms of thousand kernel weight for comparison plot 1, test plot 1, and test plot 2. Results of evaluating the effect of MEL on the control effect of fungicides against soybean diseases (brown ring spot, purpura leaf spot, and rust) are shown. (a) Results for comparison plot 1, test plot 1, test plot 2, and test plot 3 for brown ring spot are shown. (b) Results for comparison plot 1, test plot 1, test plot 2, and test plot 3 for purpura leaf spot are shown. (c) Results for comparison plot 1, test plot 1, test plot 2, and test plot 3 for rust are shown. (d) Results for comparison plot 2 and test plot 4 for rust are shown. Results of evaluating the effect of MEL on the control effect of fungicides against Ramularia leaf spot of cotton are shown. (a) Results in terms of control value for comparison plot 1, test plot 1, and test plot 2 are shown. (b) Results in terms of yield for comparison plot 1, test plot 1, and test plot 2.The following shows the results of evaluating the effect of MEL on the control efficacy of fungicides against cotton leaf spot. (a) The results are shown in terms of the control value for Ramularia leaf spot in comparison plot 1 and test plot 1. (b) The results are shown in terms of the control value for Corynespora cassiicola leaf spot in comparison plot 1, test plot 1, and test plot 2.

[0011] Agricultural and horticultural formulations preferably contain an active ingredient and mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL), which functions as an adjuvant (or spreading agent).

[0012] (1) MEL MEL has a structure represented by the following general formula (1): １ are aliphatic acyl groups, which may be the same or different, having 4 to 24 carbon atoms. MEL is classified into four types, MEL-A, MEL-B, MEL-C, and MEL-D, based on the presence or absence of acetyl groups at the 4- and 6-positions of mannose.

[0013]

[0014] Specifically, MEL-A is a compound represented by the general formula (1) in which the substituent R ２ and R ３ are both acetyl groups. MEL-B is a group represented by the general formula (1) ２ is an acetyl group, and the substituent R ３ is hydrogen. MEL-C is a group represented by the general formula (1) in which the substituent R ２ is hydrogen, and the substituent R ３ is an acetyl group. MEL-D is a group represented by the general formula (1) in which the substituent R ２ and R ３ are both hydrogen.

[0015] The number of carbon atoms in the substituent R1 in MEL represented by the general formula (1) varies depending on the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acids constituting the triglyceride, which is the fat or oil contained in the MEL-producing medium, and the degree of assimilation of the fatty acids by the MEL-producing bacteria used. In addition, when the triglyceride has an unsaturated fatty acid residue, the substituent R1 can be easily assimilated unless the MEL-producing bacteria assimilates the double bond portion of the unsaturated fatty acid. １Therefore, MEL obtained from a microorganism usually contains an unsaturated fatty acid residue as a substituent R １ The fatty acid residue moiety is in the form of a mixture of compounds with different structures.

[0016] Preferred MELs are MEL-A, MEL-B, or MEL-C, and more preferred is MEL-B having the structure represented by general formula (2) or general formula (3). Particularly preferred is MEL-B having the structure represented by general formula (3). In general formula (3), the substituent R １ may be the same or different and are aliphatic acyl groups having 4 to 24 carbon atoms. １ The number of carbon atoms in the substituent R is not particularly limited as long as it is within the above range, but it is more preferably 8 to 14. １ is not particularly limited and may be a saturated aliphatic acyl group or an unsaturated aliphatic acyl group. When it has an unsaturated bond, it may have, for example, multiple double bonds. The carbon chain may be linear or branched. In addition, in the case of an oxygen atom-containing hydrocarbon group, the number and positions of the oxygen atoms contained therein are not particularly limited.

[0017]

[0018]

[0019] (In the general formula (2) and the general formula (3), the substituent R １ are aliphatic acyl groups having 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different.

[0020] In the present invention, one type of MEL may be used alone, but two or more types of MEL may also be used in combination.

[0021] MEL can be cultured and produced using microorganisms. Examples of MEL-producing bacteria include microorganisms belonging to the genus Pseudozyma, such as Pseudozyma antarctica (Moesziomyces antarcticus), Pseudozyma tsukubaensis, Pseudozyma crassa, Pseudozyma aphidis (Moesziomyces aphidis), and Pseudozyma parantactica (Moesziomyces Examples of the fungus include, but are not limited to, Pseudozyma rugulosa (Moesziomyces rugulosus), and Pseudozyma parantarcticus.

[0022] As a medium for culturing MEL-producing bacteria, a medium of a conventional composition containing yeast extract, malt extract, inorganic salts (e.g., sodium nitrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, etc.), carbon source (e.g., monosaccharides such as glucose, mannose, glycerol, mannitol, etc., sucrose, malt, etc., oligosaccharides such as lactose, starch, etc.), nitrogen source (e.g., peptone, etc.), etc. Furthermore, fats and oils, sugar alcohols, inorganic nitrogen sources, etc. can also be used as carbon or nitrogen sources.

[0023] Suitable fats and oils to be added to the medium include any fats and oils that can provide fatty acid residues capable of forming ester bonds with the hydroxyl groups of mannose. Specific examples include vegetable fats and oils (e.g., soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, palm oil, etc.), animal fats and oils (e.g., beef tallow, lard, etc.), and waste cooking oil. One type may be used alone, or two or more types may be appropriately mixed. Furthermore, triglycerides, aliphatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids, etc. may be used instead of or in combination with fats and oils.

[0024] Other culture conditions, such as culture temperature, medium pH, culture scale, number of culture days, and aeration conditions, are not particularly limited and can be set appropriately depending on the microorganism.

[0025] The fatty acyl groups in the produced MEL vary depending on the type of oil or fat added to the MEL production medium.

[0026] MEL recovered from the culture medium is in the form of a mixture of multiple compounds that differ in the presence or absence of an aliphatic acyl group moiety and an acetyl group. Alternatively, MEL may be prepared from the culture medium and be in the form of an MEL preparation containing a medium or the like. MEL can be recovered from the culture medium by a conventionally known method, for example, by adding an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, toluene, hexane, diethyl ether, or chloroform to the culture medium and then evaporating the organic solvent phase obtained during extraction.

[0027] In this embodiment, MEL may be a mixture of two or more compounds having different structures, or an isolated compound having a single structure. A compound having a single structure can be isolated from a mixture of two or more compounds having different structures by a conventionally known method such as various types of chromatography (e.g., silica gel column chromatography).

[0028] (2) Active Component In the present embodiment, the active component is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known active components contained in agents for controlling plant diseases in the agricultural and horticultural fields, such as fungicides, insecticides / miticides, nematicides, herbicides (non-selective herbicides and selective herbicides), and plant growth regulators.

[0029] Examples of the active ingredient of the fungicide that can be suitably used in the present invention include demethylation inhibitors, Qo inhibitors, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, and the like.

[0030] The demethylation inhibitor is preferably an azole compound, such as azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, difenoconazole, cyproconazole, diniconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imazalil, imibenconazole, metconazole, ipconazole, myclobutanil, pefurazoate, penconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, prothioconazole, epoxiconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triflumizole, triticonazole, flusilazole, oxpoconazole, mefentrifluconazole, and ipfentrifluconazole.

[0031] The Qo inhibitor is preferably a strobilurin compound, such as azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestrobin, fenamistrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, mandestrobin, pyribencarb, pyraoxystrobin, pyrametostrobin, flufenoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, cumoxystrobin, triclopyricarb, or methyltetraprole.

[0032] The succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor is preferably a carboxamide compound, such as bixafen, benzovindiflupyr, boscalid, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isofetamide, isopyrazam, mepronil, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, thifluzamide, fluindapir, pyraziflumide, pydiflumetofen, pyraziflumide, benodanil, carboxin and oxycarboxin, inpirfluxam, fluindapir, and isoflucipram.

[0033] Examples of the active ingredient of the insecticide / acaricide that can be suitably used in the present invention include nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist modulators, sodium channel modulators, ryanodine receptor modulators, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers, and mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitors.

[0034] Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist modulators include neonicotinoid compounds, nicotine, sulfoximine compounds, butenolide compounds, mesoionic compounds, etc. Neonicotinoid compounds include acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam, etc. Sulfoximine compounds include sulfoxaflor, etc. Butenolide compounds include flupyradifurone, etc. Mesoionic compounds include triflumezopyrim, etc.

[0035] The sodium channel modulator is preferably a pyrethroid compound, such as acrinathrin, allethrin, cypermethrin, bifenthrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flubrocythrinate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, halfenprox, cyhalothrin, metofluthrin, monfluorothrin, permethrin, profluthrin, tefluthrin, tralomethrin, imiprothrin, pyrethrins, cyphenothrin, chloroprallethrin, epsilon metofluthrin, epsilon monfluorothrin, etc.

[0036] The ryanodine receptor modulator is preferably a diamide compound, such as chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, flubendiamide, or cyhalodiamide.

[0037] Examples of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors include organophosphorus compounds, carbamate compounds, etc. Examples of organophosphorus compounds include acephate, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyphos, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos (DDVP), dicrotophos, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethion, ethoprophos, EPN, fenamiphos, fenitrothion (MEP), fenthion (MPP), fosthiazate, imicyaphos, isofenphos, and isoxazoline. Examples include thion, malathion, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, omethoate, oxydemeton methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, tebupirimfos, terbufos, triazophos, and trichlorfon (DEP). Examples of carbamate compounds include alanycarb, aldicarb, benfuracarb, BPMC, carbaryl (NAC), carbofuran, carbosulfan, cartap, fenoxycarb (BPMC), formetanate, isoprocarb (MIPC), methiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, pirimicarb, thiodicarb, XMC, bendiocarb, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, fenothiocarb, furathiocarb, metolcarb, and xylylcarb.

[0038] Oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers include chlorfenapyr, DNOC, sulfuramide, and the like.

[0039] Mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitors include tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyridaben, pyrimidifen, rotenone, and the like.

[0040] Examples of the active ingredient of the non-selective herbicide that can be suitably used in the present invention include 5-enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase) inhibitors in the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis system and glutamine synthetase inhibitor herbicides.

[0041] Examples of EPSP synthase inhibitor or glutamine synthase inhibitor herbicides include amino acid compounds such as glyphosate and its salts, glufosinate and its salts, glufosinate P and its salts, and bialaphos and its salts.

[0042] Examples of the active ingredient of the selective herbicide that can be suitably used in the present invention include acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, very long chain fatty acid synthase (VLCFA) inhibitors, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, and synthetic auxins.

[0043] Examples of ALS inhibitors include sulfonylurea compounds, imidazolinone compounds, triazolopyrimidine compounds, pyrimidinyl (thio)benzoate compounds, sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone compounds, sulfonanilide compounds, etc. Examples of sulfonylurea compounds include amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron and bensulfuron methyl, chlorimuron and chlorimuron methyl, crossulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron and ethametsulfuron methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron and halosulfuron methyl, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron and iodosulfuron methyl, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, Examples of compounds that can be used include metsulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron and pyrimisulfuron-methyl, propyrisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron and sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron and thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron and triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, orthosulfamuron, etc. Imidazolinone compounds include imazamethabenz and imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, etc. Triazolopyrimidine compounds include cloransulam and cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flumetsulam, metosulam, penoxsulam, etc. Examples of pyrimidyl (thio)benzoate compounds include bispyribac-sodium, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrithiobac and its salts, pyrimisulfan, etc. Examples of sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone compounds include flucarbazone and its salts, propoxycarbazone and its salts, thiencarbazone and thiencarbazone-methyl, penoxsulam, etc. Examples of sulfonanilide compounds include triafamone, etc.

[0044] Examples of VLCFA inhibitors include acetamide compounds, such as napropamide, dimethachlor, petoxamide, acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimethenamid and dimethenamid P, metazachlor, metolachlor and S-metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, thenylchlor, flufenacet, and mefenacet.

[0045] Examples of ACCase inhibitors include allyloxyphenoxypropionic acid compounds, cyclohexanedione compounds, and phenylpyrazoline compounds. Examples of allyloxyphenoxypropionic acid compounds include clodinafop and clodinafop propargyl, cyhalofop butyl, diclofop and diclofop methyl and diclofop P methyl, fenoxaprop and fenoxaprop ethyl and fenoxaprop P ethyl, fluazifop and fluazifop P and fluazifop P butyl and fluazifop P butyl, haloxyfop and haloxyfop methyl and haloxyfop P methyl, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop and quizalofop ethyl and quizalofop P ethyl and quizalofop P tefuryl, and the like. Examples of cyclohexanedione compounds include butroxydim, clethodim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, and tralkoxydim, and the like. Examples of phenylpyrazoline compounds include pinoxaden.

[0046] Synthetic auxins include aromatic and heterocyclic carboxylic acid compounds, etc. Examples of aromatic and heterocyclic carboxylic acid compounds include 2,4-D and its salts, 2,4-DB and its salts, clomeprop, dichlorprop, MCPA and its salts, MCPB and its salts, mecoprop (MCPP) and its salts, mecoprop P and its salts, chloramben and its salts, dicamba (MDBA) and its salts, TCBA and its salts, aminopyralid and its salts, clopyralid and its salts, fluroxypyr and its salts, picloram and its salts, triclopyr and its salts, quinclorac and its salts, quinmerac and its salts, benazolin, benazolin ethyl, etc.

[0047] These active ingredients may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0048] In addition to the compounds listed above, the following compounds can also be used as active ingredients.

[0049] Other examples of active ingredients suitable for fungicide applications include, for example, sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, benzimidazole compounds, phenylamide compounds, dicarboximide compounds, anilinopyrimidine compounds, multisite compounds, antibiotics, carbamates, quinolines, organophosphates, and carboxamide compounds.

[0050] Examples of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors include fenpropimorph, fenpropidin, spiroxamine, tridemorph, bupirimate, fenarimol, pyrifenox, and triforine.

[0051] Examples of the benzimidazole compounds include carbendazim, benomyl, thiabendazole, thiophanate methyl, and fuberidazole.

[0052] Examples of the phenylamide compounds include benalaxyl, benalaxyl M or chiralaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl M or mefenoxam, and oxadixyl.

[0053] Examples of dicarboximide compounds include procymidone, iprodione, and vinclozolin.

[0054] Examples of the anilinopyrimidine compounds include cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, and pyrimethanil.

[0055] Examples of multisite compounds include mancozeb, maneb, metiram, propineb, thiram (thiuram), zineb, ziram, ambam, anilazine, dithianon, fluazinam, pencycuron, quintozene, trifluanid, dodain, guazatine, iminoctadine (iminoctadine acetate, iminoctadine albesilate), copper compounds (e.g., basic copper chloride, cupric hydroxide, basic copper sulfate, copper sulfate, organic copper (oxine copper), copper nonylphenolsulfonate, DBEDC, etc.), bicarbonates (sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate), metallic silver, fentin, sulfur, captan, chlorothalonil (TPN), and folpet.

[0056] Antibiotics include kasugamycin, polyoxin, streptomycin, validamycin, and oxytetracycline.

[0057] Examples of carbamate compounds include benthiavalicarb (benthiavalicarb isopropyl), diethofencarb, iprovalicarb, propamocarb, and tolprocarb.

[0058] Quinoline compounds include oxolinic acid, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen, and tebufloquine.

[0059] Examples of organophosphorus compounds include dinocap, edifenphos (EDDP), fosetyl (fosetyl-aluminum), iprobenfos (IBP), meptilodinocap, and tolclofos-methyl.

[0060] Examples of the carboxyamide compounds include carpropamid, ethaboxam, fenoxanil, silthiofam, tiadinil, and isotianil.

[0061] Other compounds used as fungicides include ametoctrazine, amisulbrom, cyazofamid, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, diclocymet, diclomedine, famoxadone, fenamidon, fenhexamid, fenitropan, fludioxonil, fluopicolide, flusulfamide, flutianil, harpin, isoprothiolane, isonianil, mandipropamid, metrafenone, oxathiapiprolin, fthalide, proquinazid, valifenalate, zoxamide, diclobenthiazox, fenpicoxamid, picarbutrazox, quinofumelin, dimethomorph, flumorph, bupirimate, ferimzone, acibenzolar (acibenzolar-S-methyl), etridiazole, hymexazole, probenazole, Examples of suitable pesticides include tricyclazole, fenpyrazamine, tecloftalam, hydroxyisoxazole, fluorimide, pyriophenone, diflumetrim, quinomethionate, florylpicoxamide, fluopimomide, ipflufenoquin, pyrapropoin, aminopyrifen, quinofumelin, Lentinula edodes mycelium extract, and biological pesticides (Agrobacterium radiobacter, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas rhodesiae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus simplex, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, non-pathogenic Erwinia carotovora, Lactobacillus plantarum, Variovorax paradoxus, Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, Trichoderma sp., Purpureocillium sp., etc.).

[0062] Other examples of active ingredients suitable for insecticide use include, for example, carbamate compounds, nereistoxin compounds, benzoyl urea compounds, other insect growth regulator compounds, organochlorine compounds, and compounds derived from natural products.

[0063] Nereistoxin compounds include cartap, bensultap, thiocyclam, monosultap, and bisultap.

[0064] Examples of the benzoyl urea compounds include bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, and triflumuron.

[0065] Other insect growth regulator compounds include buprofezin, chromafenozide, cyromazine, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, and pyriproxyfen.

[0066] Examples of organic chlorine compounds include aldrin, dieldrin, endosulfan, methoxychlor, lindane, and DDT.

[0067] Examples of compounds derived from natural products include abamectin, live spores and produced crystal toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis, and mixtures thereof, bensultap, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin, milbemectin, spinetoram, spinosad, machine oil, starch, reduced starch saccharification product, rapeseed oil, sodium oleate, propylene glycol mono-fatty acid ester, fatty acid glyceride, and ferric phosphate.

[0068] Other compounds for use as insecticides include avermectin, diafenthiuron, ethiprole, fipronil, flonicamid, fluensulfone, indoxacarb, metaflumizone, metaldehyde, pymetrozine, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazone, silafluofen, spirotetramat, afidopiropen, brofuranilide, cyclaniliprole, dichloromezothiaz, flometoquin, fluazaindolizine, fluhexafon, fluxamethamide, pyriprole, tetraniliprole, methoprene, tecyclopyrazoflor, furopirimine, spiropyridione, benzpyrimoxane, fluxamethamide, and the like.

[0069] Other examples of active ingredients (acaricidal active ingredients) suitable for use as a miticide include acequinocyl, amidoflumet, amitraz, azocyclotine, bifenazate, bromopropylate, chlorfenson, quinomethionate, phenisobromorate, benzoximate, clofentezine, cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, cyhexatin, diflobidazine, dienochlor, etoxazole, fenbutatin oxide, fenothiocarb, fluacrypyrim, hexythiazox, propargite (BPPS), piflubumid, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, tetradifon, acinonapyr, and blended oils.

[0070] Examples of active ingredients (nematicidal active ingredients) suitable for nematicide applications include DD (1,3-dichloropropene), DCIP (dichlorodiisopropyl ether), methyl isothiocyanate, carbam sodium salt, cadusafos, fosthiazate, imicyafos, morantel tartrate, levamisole hydrochloride, nemadectin, thioxazafen, and fluazaindolizine.

[0071] Other examples of active ingredients suitable for herbicide applications include bipyridylium compounds, carbamate compounds, pyridine compounds, urea compounds, dinitroaniline compounds, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor compounds, hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor compounds, and triazine compounds.

[0072] Examples of bipyridylium compounds include diquat and paraquat.

[0073] Examples of carbamate compounds include asulam, carbetamide, desmedipham, phenmedipham, butyrate, EPTC, esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, thiobencarb (benthiocarb), and triallate.

[0074] Examples of pyridine compounds include diflufenican, dithiopyr, fluridone, haloxifene, picolinafen, and thiazopyr.

[0075] Examples of urea compounds include chlorotoluron, dymuron, diuron (DCMU), fluometuron, isoproturon, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, tebuthiuron, cumyluron, carbutilate, and isouron.

[0076] Examples of dinitroaniline compounds include benfluralin (beslodin), butralin, ethalfluralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, and trifluralin.

[0077] Examples of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor compounds include acifluorfen, aclonifen, azafenidin, bifenox, clomethoxynil, ethoxyfen and ethoxyfen-ethyl, fomesafen, fluazolate, fluoroglycofen and fluoroglycofen-ethyl, halosafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen, butafenacil, carfentrazone and carfentrazone-ethyl, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac pentyl, flumioxazin, fluthiacet and fluthiacet-methyl, oxadiargyl, oxadiazone, pentoxazone, pyraclonil, pyraflufen and pyraflufen-ethyl, saflufenacil, sulfentrazone, thidiazimine, benzfendizone, profluazole, and flufenpyr-ethyl.

[0078] Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase enzyme (HPPD) inhibitor compounds include benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolinate (pyrazolate), pyrazoxyfen, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, topramezone, fenquinotrione, and tolpyralate.

[0079] Examples of triazine compounds include ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, dimethamethryn, hexazinone, indaziflam, metamitron, metribuzin, prometryn, simazine (CAT), simetryn, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, and triaziflam.

[0080] Other compounds for herbicide use include amicarbazone, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminotriazole, anilofos, beflubutamid, benfuresate, bentazon, bromacil, bromobutide, bromoxynil, butamifos, cafenstrole, chloridazon (PAC), chlorthal, clomazone, cumyluron, dichlobenil (DBN), difenzoquat, diflufenzopyr, endothall and its salts, ethofumesate, etobenzanide, fenoxasulfone, fentrazamide, flupoxam, fluorochloridone, flumethacin ... Examples include rutamone, indanofan, ioxynil, ipfencarbazone, isoxaben, lenacil, methylarsonic acid, naptalam, norflurazon, oxaziclomefone, propanil, propyzamide, pyridate, pyroxasulfone, promacil, quinoclamine, terbacil, cyclopyrimorate, florpiroxifen benzyl, lancotrione and its salts, thiafenacil, trifludimoxazine, tetrapion (flupropanate) and its salts, d-limonene, cyclopyranyl, fluopyroxifen, and the like.

[0081] Examples of active ingredients for use as plant growth regulators include aminoethoxyvinylglycine, chlormequat, chlorpropham, cyclanilide, dikegulac, daminozide, ethephon, flurprimidol, flumetralin, forchlorfenuron, gibberellin, maleic acid hydrazide salt, mepiquat chloride, methylcyclopropene, benzylaminopurine, paclobutrazol, prohexadione, thidiazuron, tributyl phosphorotrithioate, trinexapac-ethyl, and uniconazole.

[0082] These active ingredients may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0083] (3) Agricultural and horticultural formulations Agricultural and horticultural formulations preferably contain an active ingredient and MEL. Examples of agricultural and horticultural formulations include (a) a premix containing the active ingredient and MEL, as well as (b) a combination of a preparative formulation containing the active ingredient and an independent adjuvant formulation containing MEL, which are mixed immediately before use. Hereinafter, the form (a) will be referred to as a "built-in formulation," and the form (b) will be referred to as a "tank-mix formulation."

[0084] (3-1) Built-in formulation The content of the active ingredient in the built-in formulation can be set appropriately depending on the type of active ingredient. The content of the active ingredient is, for example, 0.5 to 95% by mass, preferably 1 to 90% by mass, of the total amount of the formulation. Note that the content of the active ingredient in the spray solution when actually sprayed is not particularly limited as long as it is an amount that can exert the desired activity.

[0085] The compound contained as an active ingredient in the built-in preparation may be a single compound or a mixture of two or more compounds.

[0086] In one embodiment, the content of MEL as an adjuvant in the built-in formulation is, for example, preferably 0.005 to 80% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 50% by mass, even more preferably 0.05 to 30% by mass, even more preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass, of the total amount of the formulation. When the MEL content is 0.005% by mass or more, the effects of the above-mentioned active ingredients can be synergistically enhanced. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of formulation stability, etc., the MEL content is preferably 80% by mass or less.

[0087] For actual foliar or non-foliar application, the content of MEL in a diluted formulation obtained by diluting the formulation with a solvent or the like is, for example, preferably 0.0001 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.0005 to 1% by mass, and even more preferably 0.001 to 0.05% by mass of the total amount of the diluted formulation. In addition to MEL as an active ingredient and adjuvant, a built-in formulation may contain a solid carrier, a liquid carrier (diluent), a surfactant, or other formulation auxiliary agents, as described below. Furthermore, when MEL is prepared from a culture medium, the built-in formulation may also contain the culture medium, etc.

[0088] (3-2) Tank-mix formulations Preparation formulations containing active ingredients for preparing tank-mix formulations may be similar to built-in formulations, except that they do not contain MEL.

[0089] The MEL-containing formulation (adjuvant formulation) for preparing a tank-mix formulation may be similar to the built-in formulation, except that it does not contain an active ingredient. The content of MEL in the adjuvant formulation is, for example, preferably 0.01 to 90% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass.

[0090] In addition to the active ingredient and MEL, the built-in formulation and tank-mix formulation may contain a solid carrier, a liquid carrier (diluent), a surfactant, or other formulation auxiliary agents described below. Furthermore, when MEL is prepared from a culture medium, the built-in formulation and tank-mix formulation may also contain the culture medium.

[0091] The mixing ratio of the preparation for preparation and the adjuvant preparation in the tank mix preparation can be appropriately determined depending on the composition of the preparation for preparation, the composition of the adjuvant preparation, and the purpose.

[0092] In one aspect of the present invention, it is preferable to adjust the mixing ratio of the preparation for preparation and the adjuvant preparation so that MEL is 0.005 to 80% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 50% by mass, and even more preferably 0.05 to 30% by mass, of the total amount of the preparation.

[0093] When the formulation is diluted with a diluent for foliar or non-foliar treatment, the content of MEL as an adjuvant in the diluted solution is, for example, preferably 0.0001 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.0005 to 1% by mass, and even more preferably 0.001 to 0.05% by mass of the total amount of the spray solution.

[0094] In the case of a tank mix formulation, the effect of a formulation that does not contain MEL can be enhanced by an adjuvant selected according to the user's purpose.

[0095] In tank-mix formulations, a preparation formulation containing the active ingredient and an adjuvant formulation containing MEL are prepared separately and then mixed to prepare an agricultural or horticultural formulation. Therefore, the scope of the present invention also includes disease control products that contain the active ingredient and MEL separately as combined preparations to be mixed and used in disease control.

[0096] (3-3) Other Components Agricultural and horticultural formulations may contain, in addition to the active ingredient and adjuvant, a solid carrier, a liquid carrier (diluent), a surfactant, or other formulation auxiliary. Therefore, the formulation may take various forms, such as a dust, a wettable powder, a water dispersible granule, a granule, a flowable agent, and an emulsifiable concentrate. In addition to the above-mentioned adjuvant, which is MEL, a conventionally known biosurfactant (e.g., sophorolipid, rhamnolipid, trehalose lipid, cellobiose lipid, glucose lipid, oligosaccharide fatty acid ester, surfactin, cerawettin, lykensin, arthrofactin, spiculisporic acid, etc.) may be contained as an additional adjuvant.

[0097] Examples of solid carriers used as formulation adjuvants include minerals such as clay, talc, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, montmorillonite, bentonite, acid clay, activated clay, attapulgite, calcite, vermiculite, perlite, pumice, and silica sand; synthetic organic substances such as urea; salts such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, hydrated lime, and baking soda; synthetic inorganic substances such as amorphous silica such as white carbon and titanium dioxide; plant-derived carriers such as wood flour, corn stalks (cobs), walnut shells (nut husks), fruit kernels, rice husks, sawdust, bran, soybean flour, powdered cellulose, starch, dextrin, and sugars; water-soluble polymer gels such as cross-linked lignin, cationic gels, gelatin that gels with heat or polyvalent metal salts, and agar, as well as various polymer carriers such as chlorinated polyethylene, chlorinated polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, and urea-aldehyde resins.

[0098] Liquid carriers used as formulation adjuvants include aliphatic solvents (paraffins), aromatic solvents (xylene, alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene, etc.), mixed solvents (kerosene), machine oil (refined high-boiling aliphatic hydrocarbons), alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, cyclohexanol, etc.), polyhydric alcohols (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, etc.), polyhydric alcohol derivatives (propylene glycol ether, etc.), ketones (acetone, cyclohexanone, γ-butyrolactone, etc.), esters ( Examples of suitable solvents include fatty acid methyl esters (coconut oil fatty acid methyl esters), ethylhexyl lactate, propylene carbonate, and dibasic acid methyl esters (such as dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutamate, and dimethyl adipate), nitrogen-containing carriers (such as N-alkylpyrrolidones), fats and oils (such as coconut oil, soybean oil, and rapeseed oil), amide solvents (such as dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyloctanamide, N,N-dimethyldecane-1-amide, 5-(dimethylamino)-4-methyl-5-oxo-valeric acid methyl ester, and N-acylmorpholine solvents), dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, and water.

[0099] Surfactants used as formulation adjuvants include nonionic surfactants, such as sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene resin acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid diesters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene dialkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether formalin condensates, polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymers, alkyl polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylamines, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides, polyoxyethylene fatty acid bisphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene benzylphenyl (or phenylphenyl) ethers, polyoxyethylene styrylphenyl (or phenylphenyl) ethers, polyoxyethylene ether and ester-type silicone and fluorine-based surfactants, polyoxyethylene castor oil, and polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil.Examples of anionic surfactants include salts of sulfates such as alkyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene benzyl (or styryl)phenyl (or phenylphenyl) ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene block polymer sulfate, paraffin (alkane) sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, dialkyl sulfosuccinate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, mono- or dialkylnaphthalene sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate-formalin condensate, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate, and lignin sulfonate. Examples of suitable surfactants include salts of sulfonates such as polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfonate and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfosuccinic acid half ester, salts of fatty acids such as fatty acids, N-methyl-fatty acid sarcosinates and resin acids, salts of phosphates such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene mono- or dialkylphenyl ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene benzyl (or styryl)-substituted phenyl (or phenylphenyl) ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer, phosphatidylcholine phosphatidylethanolimine (lecithin), and alkyl phosphate. Examples of suitable cationic surfactants include ammonium salts such as alkyltrimethylammonium chloride, methylpolyoxyethylene alkylammonium chloride, alkyl N-methylpyridium bromide, mono- or dialkylmethylated ammonium chloride, and alkylpentamethylpropylenediamine dichloride, and benzalkonium salts such as alkyldimethylbenzalkonium chloride and benzethonium chloride (octylphenoxyethoxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride).

[0100] Other formulation adjuvants include inorganic salts such as sodium and potassium as pH adjusters, fluorine-based and silicone-based antifoaming agents, water-soluble salts such as table salt, water-soluble polymers such as xanthan gum, guar gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl polymers, acrylic polymers, polyvinyl alcohol, starch derivatives, and polysaccharides used as thickeners, alginic acid and its salts, metal stearates, sodium tripolyphosphate, and sodium hexametaphosphate used as disintegrating and dispersing agents, as well as preservatives, colorants, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, and chemical damage reducers.

[0101] The agricultural and horticultural formulation may be used as is, or may be diluted to a predetermined concentration with a diluent such as water. In one embodiment, the agricultural and horticultural formulation is preferably diluted with a solvent and used as an agricultural and horticultural diluted formulation. The solvent may be the liquid carrier (diluent) described above.

[0102] Agricultural and horticultural formulations can reduce the amount of active ingredient needed to achieve the same level of effect compared to when the active ingredient is used alone, or can achieve a synergistically higher effect when the same amount of active ingredient is used compared to when the active ingredient is used alone.

[0103] (4) Applicable Plants and Diseases The agricultural and horticultural formulations can be used on any plants to control diseases.

[0104] Examples of applicable plants include the following: Gramineae such as rice, wheat, barley, rye, oats, triticale, corn, sorghum, sugarcane, turfgrass, bentgrass, Bermudagrass, fescue, and ryegrass; Legumes such as soybean, peanut, kidney bean, pea, adzuki bean, and alfalfa; Convolvulaceae such as sweet potato; Solanaceae such as capsicum, bell pepper, tomato, eggplant, potato, and tobacco; Polygonaceae such as buckwheat; Asteraceae such as sunflower; Araliaceae such as ginseng; Brassicaceae such as rapeseed, Chinese cabbage, turnip, cabbage, and radish; Chenopodiaceae such as sugar beet; Malvaceae such as cotton; Rubiaceae such as coffee plant; Sterculiaceae such as cacao; and Camellia such as tea. Cucurbitaceae such as watermelon, melon, cucumber and pumpkin; Liliaceae such as onion, leek and garlic; Rosaceae such as strawberry, apple, almond, apricot, plum, cherry, plum, peach and pear; Umbelliaceae such as carrot; Araceae such as taro; Anacardiaceae such as mango; Bromeliaceae such as pineapple; Papaya family such as papaya; Ebenaceae such as persimmon; Ericaceae such as blueberry; Juglandaceae such as pecan; Musaceae such as banana; Oleaceae such as olive; Palm family such as coconut and date palm; Rutaceae such as mandarin orange, orange, grapefruit and lemon; Vitaceae such as grape; flowers, trees other than fruit trees and other ornamental plants. Also included are wild plants, plant cultivars, plants and plant cultivars obtained by conventional biological breeding such as crossbreeding or protoplast fusion, and genetically modified plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering. Examples of genetically modified plants and plant cultivars include herbicide-resistant crops, pest-resistant crops incorporating an insecticidal protein-producing gene, disease-resistant crops incorporating a disease-resistance inducer-producing gene, crops with improved eating quality, crops with improved yield, crops with improved storability, and crops with improved yield.Genetically modified plant cultivars may specifically include those containing registered trademarks such as Roundup Ready, Liberty Link, B.t., BXN, Post Compatible, AgriSure, Genuity, Optimum, Powercore, DroughtGard, YieldGard, Herculex, WideStrike, Twinlink, VipCot, GlyTol, Newleaf, and Bollgard.

[0105] In one embodiment, the plants to which the agricultural and horticultural formulation is applied are preferably cotton and / or soybeans.

[0106] Agricultural and horticultural formulations provide a wide range of plant protection and disease control effects.

[0107] Examples of diseases targeted by agricultural and horticultural formulations include the following: Note that the parentheses after each disease indicate the main pathogen that causes the disease. Soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phakopsora meibomiae), soybean brown spot (Zymoseptoria glycines), soybean purple spot (Cercospora kikuchii), soybean brown spot (Alternaria sp.), soybean anthracnose (Collectotrichum truncatum), soybean frogeye leaf spot (Cercocpora sojina), soybean root rot (Rhizoctonia solani), soybean leaf rot (Rhizoctonia solani), soybean black spot (Diaporthe phaseolorum), soybean stem rot (Phytophthora sojae), soybean brown ring spot (Corynespora cassiicola), rapeseed phoma leaf spot / stem canker (Leptosphaeria maculans, Leptosphaeria biglobosa), rapeseed light leaf spot (Pyrenopeziza brassicae), rapeseed clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae), rapeseed verticillium wilt (Verticillium longisporum), rapeseed blackspot (Alternaria spp), rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae), rice common leaf blight (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), rice bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae), rice sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), rice small black sclerotinia (Helminthosporium sigmoideun), rice seedling disease (Gibberella fujikuroi), rice seedling damping-off (Pythium aphanidermatum), rice damping-off (Pythium graminicola), barley powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp hordei), barley stem rust (Puccinia graminis),Barley stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis), barley leaf spot (Pyrenophora graminea), barley scald (Rhynchosporium secalis), barley naked smut (Ustilago nuda), barley net blotch (Pyrenophora teres), barley head blight (Fusarium graminearum, Microdochium nivale), wheat powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp tritici), wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita), wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis), wheat eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides), wheat head blight (Fusarium graminearum, Microdochium nivale), wheat leaf spot (Phaeosphaeria nodorum), wheat leaf blight (Zymoseptoria tritici), wheat pink snow rot (Microdochium nivale), wheat damping-off (Gaeumannomyces graminis), wheat black spot (Epicoccum spp), wheat yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), wheat small grain rot (Typhula incarnate, Typhula ishikariensis), turf dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa), turf large patch (Rhizoctonia solani), brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani), turf anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola), turf gray leaf spot (Pyricularia grisea), turf necrotic ring spot (Ophiosphaerella korrae), turf red thread (Laetisaria fuciformis), turf rust (Puccinia zoysiae), turf summer patch (Magnaporthe poae), Root decline of warm-season grasses (Gaeumannomyces graminis),Brown ring patch of turfgrass (Waitea circinata), fairy ring disease of turfgrass (Agaricus, Calvatia, Chlorophyllum, Clitocybe, Lepiota, Lepista, Lycoperdon, Marasmius, Scleroderma, Tricholoma, etc.), pink snow mold of turfgrass (Microdochium nivale), small grain snow mold of turfgrass (Typhula incarnate, Typhula ishikariensis), Curvularia leaf blight of turfgrass (Curvularia sp.), pseudo-leaf rot of turfgrass (Ceratobasidium sp.), damping-off of turfgrass (Zoysia decline), ear smut of corn (Ustilago maydis), anthracnose of corn (Colletotrichum graminicola), brown spot of corn (Kabatiella zeae), gray leaf spot of corn (Cercospora zeae-maydis), and northern leaf spot of corn (Setosphaeria turcica), northern corn leaf spot (Cochliobolus carbonum), corn spot (Physoderma maydis), corn rust (Puccinia spp), whole-corn leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis), whole-corn yellow leaf blight (Phyllosticta maydis), corn head blight (Gibberella zeae), sugarcane rust (Puccinia spp), cucumber powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea), cucumber anthracnose (Colletotrichum lagenarium, Glomerella cingulata), cucumber downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), cucumber gray rot (Phytophthora capsici), cucumber fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum), watermelon fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum), Apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), Apple Monilinia disease (Monilinia mali),Apple leaf spot (Alternaria alternata), apple rot (Valsa mali), pear black spot (Alternaria kikuchiana), pear powdery mildew (Phyllactinia pyri), pear red spot (Gymnosporangium asiaticum), pear black spot (Venturia nashicola), strawberry powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca humuli), stone fruit brown spot (Monilinia fructicola), citrus blue mold (Penicillium italicum), grape powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), grape late rot (Glomerella cingulata), grape rust (Phakopsora ampelopsidis), leaf spot (Sigatoka disease) (Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Mycosphaerella musicola), tomato powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum), tomato ring rot (Alternaria solani), eggplant powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum), potato summer blight (Alternaria solani), potato anthracnose (Colletotrichum coccodes), potato powdery mildew (Erysiphe spp, Leveillula taurica), potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans), tobacco powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum), tobacco red spot (Alternaria longipes), sugar beet brown spot (Cercospora beticola), sugar beet powdery mildew (Erysiphe betae), sugar beet leaf rot (Thanatephorus cucumeris), sugar beet root rot (Thanatephorus cucumeris), sugar beet black root rot (Aphanomyces cochlioides), radish yellows (Fusarium oxysporum) f.sp.raphani), Tea anthracnose (Discula theae-sinensis), Tea blast (Exobasidium vexans),Tea brown spot (Pseudocercospora ocellata, Cercospora chaae), tea ring spot (Pestalotiopsis longiseta, Pestalotiopsis theae), tea net blight (Exobasidium reticulatum), cotton black spot, Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria spp), cotton anthracnose (Glomerella spp), cotton ring spot (Ascochyta gossypii), cotton rust (Puccinia spp, Phykopsora spp), cotton Cercospora blight and leaf spot (Cercospora spp), cotton Diplopia boll rot (Diplopia spp), cotton hard lock (Fusarium spp), cotton Phoma blight (Phoma spp), cotton Stemphyllium leaf spot (Stemphyllium spp), cotton target spot (Corynespora cassiicola), cotton mularia leaf spot (Ramulariopsis sp.), peanut black spot (Cercosporidium personatum), peanut brown spot (Cercospora arachidicola), peanut southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii), peanut rust (Puccinia arachidis), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) which attacks various crops, diseases caused by Pythium fungi (Pythium spp) and sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Also, seed-borne diseases or diseases in the early stages of growth of various plants caused by species of the genera Aspergillus, Cochliobolus, Corticium, Diplodia, Penicillium, Fusarium, Gibberella, Mucor, Phoma, Phomopsis, Pyrenophora, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Rhizopus, Thielaviopsis, Tilletia, Trichoderma, and Ustilago.

[0108] In one embodiment, the disease targeted by the agricultural and horticultural formulation is preferably soybean powdery mildew, soybean rust, soybean brown ring spot, soybean purpura, cotton target spot, and / or cotton Ramularia leaf spot.

[0109] Among the harmful organisms that can cause diseases targeted by agricultural and horticultural formulations, examples of pests and mites include the following: Examples of lepidopteran pests include the European corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis), the armyworm (Pseudaletia separata), the rice armyworm (Sesamia inferens), the cotton bollworm (Heliothis sp.), the turnip cutworm moth (Agrotis segetum), the golden leaf moth (Phyllonorycter ringoniella), the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), the rice leafroller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), the red stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), the rice suppressor moth (Chilo suppressalis), the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura), the bean fruit moth (Leguminivora glycinivorella), the peach fruit moth (Carposina niponensis), and the cabbage white butterfly (Piers rapae). crucivora), the smaller apple tortrix (Adoxophyes orana fasciata), the armyworm moth (Mamestra brassicae), and Hemiptera pests such as the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), the tobacco whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), the green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps), the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), the false radish aphid (Lipaphis erysimi), the citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), the citrus boll scale (Pulvinaria aurantii), the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), the yanonensis scale (Unaspis yanonensis), and the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii).Examples of Coleoptera pests include the azuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis), rice leaf beetle (Oulema oryzae), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), cucumber beetle (Aulacophorafemoralis), striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata), maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne), 24-spotted ladybird beetle (Epilachna vigintiotopunctata), Japanese beetle (Anomala rufocuprea), flat-headed bark beetle (Lyctus brunneus), and Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica); and examples of Thysanoptera pests include the onion thrips (Thripstabaci) and southern green thrips (Thrips palmi), rice thrips (Stenchaetothrips biformis), Diptera pests such as Culex mosquito (Culexpipiens), house fly (Musca domestica), rice leaf miner (Agromyza oryzae), melon fly (Dacus (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae), soybean pod gall midge (Asphondylia sp.), onion fly (Delia antiqua), seed fly (Delia platura), oriental fruit fly (Dacus (Bactrocera) dorsalis), Dictyoptera pests such as German cockroach (Batella germanica), Formosan termite (Coptotermes formosanus), Reticulitermes speratus, Orthoptera pests such as migratory locust (Locusta migratoria), and pests of the order Acarina, for example, two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), Kanzawa spider mite (Tetranychus kanzawai), citrus red mite (Panonychus citri), and other nematodes.

[0110] Among the pests that can cause the diseases targeted by agricultural and horticultural formulations, examples of weeds include the following: Examples of grass weeds include barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), green foxtail (Setaria viridis), foxtail (Setaria faberi), crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), goosegrass (Eleusine indica), annual bluegrass (Poa annua), blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), oat (Avena fatua), common sorghum (Sorghum halepense), quackgrass (Agropyron repens), bromegrass (Bromus tectorum), horsegrass (Cynodone dactylon), bighorn millet (Panicum dichotomiflorum), Texas panicum (Panicum texanum), shattercane (Sorghum vulgare), annual foxtail (Alopecurus geniculatus), and mousegrass (Lolium multiflorum), rigid drygrass (Lolium rigidum), golden hawkweed (Setaria glauca); Beckmannia syzigachne), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa oryzicola); barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli); Leptochloa chinensis, Isachne globosa, knotweed (Paspalum distichum), snowdrop weed (Leersia sayanuka), snowdrop weed (Leersia oryzoides); and from the Cyperaceae family, for example, Cyperus iria, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Cyperus difformis, and Scirpus bulrush. hotarui), Eleocharis acicularis, Cyperus serotinus, Eleocharis kuroguwai,Fimbristylis miliacea, Cyperus flaccidus, Cyperus globosus, Scirpus juncoides, Scirpus wallichii; Scirpus nipponicus, Fimbristylis autumnalis, Scirpus tabernaemontani; and from the Asteraceae family, for example, cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), chamomile (Matricaria perforata or inodora), corn marigold (Chrysanthemum segetum), daisy (Matricaria matricarioides), ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida), Japanese mugwort (Erigeron canadensis), mugwort (Artemisia princeps), artemisia vulgaris, solidago altissima, common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), false chamomile (Anthemis cotula), snow thistle (Cirsium arvense), common sowweed (Sonchus oleraceus), Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), thorn thistle (Cirsium arvense), Bidens frondosa, Bidens pilosa, cornflower (Centurea cyanus), American thistle (Cirsium vulgare), thorny lettuce (Lactuca scariola), and red clover (Rudbeckia hirta), Rudbeckia laciniata, Rudbeckia laciniata var. hortensis Bailey,Senecio vulgais, milk thistle (Silybum marianum), sowweed (Sonchus asper), Taiwanese buttercup (Sonchus arvensis), Bidens ftondosa, Eclipta ptostrata, Bidens tipartita, Senecio madagascariensis, Coreopsis lanceolata, Rudbeckia laciniata; and from the Polygonaceae family, for example, Polygonum convolvulus, Polygonum lapathifolium, Polygonum pensylvanicum, Polygonum persicaria, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolium. obtusifolius), Japanese knotweed (Poligonum cuspidatum), Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum), Persicaria longiseta, Persicaria lapathifolia, Persicaria nepalensis, Polygonum aviculare; from the Fabaceae family, for example, Sesbania exaltata, Cassia obtusifolia, Florida beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum), white clover (Trifolium repens), Vicia sativa, Medicago lupulina, Vicia hirsuta; Kummerowia striata, Medicago polymorpha), vetch (Vicia angustifolia), and water hyacinth (Aeschynomene indica). Brassicaceae, for example, wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum),Field mustard (Sinapis arvensis), shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), bean shepherd's purse (Lepidium virginicum), shepherd's purse (Thlaspi arvense), whale grass (Descurarinia sophia), dog mustard (Rorippa indica), burdock (Rorippa islandica), persimmon mustard (Sisymnrium officinale), cardamine flexuosa, watercress (Nasturtium officinale), dog shepherd's purse (Draba nemorosa); from the Amaranthaceae family, for example, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), long-legged amaranthus (Amaranthus hybridus), palmeri (Amaranthus spinosus), narrow-legged amaranthus (Amaranthus rudis), Little White Bishop (Amaranthus albus), Blue Bishop (Amaranthus viridis), Black Bishop (Amaranthus lividus), Narrow Amaranth (Amaranthus patulus), Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus), Tall Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus), Powell Amaranth (Amaranthus powelii); from the Convolvulaceae family, for example, American Morning Glory (Ipomoea hederacea), Round Morning Glory (Ipomoea purpurea), Round Morning Glory (Ipomoea hederacea var integriuscula), Japanese Morning Glory (Ipomoea lacunosa), European Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), and Common Morning Glory (Ipomoea indica), Ipomoea coccinea, Ipomoea triloba, and the Euphorbiaceae family, for example, Euphorbia helioscopia,Examples of plants in the Chenopodiaceae family include Euphorbia maculata, Acalypha australis, and Euphorbia supina. Examples of plants in the Chenopodiaceae family include Chenopodium album, Kochia scoparia, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium ficifolium, and Salsola kali. Examples of plants in the Solanaceae family include Datura stramonium, Solanum nigrum, Physalis angulata, Solanum americanum, and Solanum carolinense. Examples of plants in the Malvaceae family include Abutilon theophrasti and Sida spinosa), from the Scrophulariaceae family, for example, Veronica persica, Veronica arvensis, Veronica hederaefolia, Lindernia pyxidaria, from the Lamiaceae family, for example, Lamium purpureum, Lamium amplexicaule, Stachys arvensis, from the Caryophyllaceae family, for example, Stellaria media, Cerastium glomeratum, Stellaria alsine, Spergula arvensis, Stellaria aquatica, from the Umbelliferae family, for example, Oenanthe javanica, from the Portulacaceae family, for example, Portulaca oleracea), as the Commelinaceae, for example, Commelina communis, as the Rubiaceae, for example, Galium spurium and Rubia akane, as the Albatrossaceae, for example, Sagittaria pygmaea,Examples of plants that may be mentioned include Sagittaria trifolia, Alisma canaliculatum, Sagittaria aginashi, and the Monochoria family include Monochoria vaginalis, Monochoria korsakowii, and Heteranthera limosa. Examples of plants that may be mentioned include Potamogeton distinctus, Lythraceae, Rotala indica, Ammannia multiflora, and Elatine triandra. Other examples include ferns and green algae.

[0111] [Crop protection and disease control method] The agricultural and horticultural formulation can be used in cultivated or non-cultivated land, such as fields, paddy fields, lawns, and orchards. Furthermore, the formulation of this embodiment can be applied not only by foliar treatment such as foliar spraying, but also by non-foliar treatment such as seed treatment, irrigation treatment, and water surface treatment, including treatment on bulbs and tubers. Foliar spraying also includes spraying on soil. Therefore, the crop protection and disease control method of this embodiment is a method that includes a procedure for foliar treatment or non-foliar treatment using the above-mentioned formulation. When non-foliar treatment is performed, labor can be reduced compared to when foliar treatment is performed.

[0112] In seed treatment applications, the formulation can be attached to seeds by mixing and stirring the wettable powder, dust, etc. with the seeds, or by immersing the seeds in a diluted wettable powder, etc. Seed coating treatments are also included. The amount of active ingredient used in seed treatments is, for example, 0.01 to 10,000 g, preferably 0.1 to 1,000 g, per 100 kg of seeds. Seeds treated with agricultural and horticultural formulations can be used in the same way as regular seeds.

[0113] Application by drench treatment is carried out by applying granules to the planting hole or its surroundings when transplanting seedlings, or by applying granules and wettable powders to the soil around the seeds or plants. In the case of drench treatment, the amount of active ingredient to be used is 1 m of agricultural or horticultural land. ２ For example, it is 0.01 to 10,000 g, preferably 0.1 to 1,000 g per unit area.

[0114] Application by surface application of water is carried out by applying granules to the surface water of paddy fields. The amount of active ingredient used in surface application of water is, for example, 0.1 to 10,000 g, preferably 1 to 1,000 g per 10 ares of paddy field.

[0115] When used for foliar application, the amount of the active ingredient used is, for example, 0.1 to 5000 g, more preferably 1 to 2000 g per hectare of agricultural or horticultural land such as fields, rice paddies, orchards, and greenhouses.

[0116] The concentration and amount used may vary depending on the formulation, application time, application method, application location, target crop, etc., and may be increased or decreased without adhering to the above ranges.

[0117] In one embodiment, the agricultural and horticultural formulation is preferably sprayed as a diluted agricultural and horticultural formulation onto agricultural or horticultural land (including cultivated or non-cultivated land such as fields, rice paddies, lawns, and orchards). Any method of spraying may be used, but in one embodiment, it is preferably carried out using an aircraft (also referred to as an agricultural aircraft or agricultural machine). Any type of agricultural machine may be used, including, for example, a small plane, a helicopter, and a drone. The amount of the diluted agricultural and horticultural formulation sprayed per unit area can be appropriately set depending on the purpose. For example, it is preferable to spray at a rate of 50 L / ha to 200 L / ha. This allows, for example, a single flight by a small aircraft to treat approximately 10 to 20 hectares of agricultural or horticultural land.

[0118] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0119] Example 1 Production of MEL-B Pseudozyma tsukubaensis (NBRC1940) was cultured in a 500 mL Sakaguchi flask in YM medium with aeration and agitation at a culture temperature of 26°C for 48 hours to prepare a seed culture. The resulting seed culture was cultured in a 10 L jar fermenter in YM medium (containing 10% olive oil) with agitation and agitation at a culture temperature of 26°C for 7 days. An equal volume of ethyl acetate was added to the culture, and the mixture was stirred and distributed. The ethyl acetate layer was washed with an equal volume of water. The ethyl acetate layer was concentrated by heating to obtain MEL-B.

[0120] Example 2 Evaluation of Evaporation Rate MEL-B was diluted with distilled water to 0.025 to 0.5% by weight, and 2.5 μL of the solution was dropped onto a support placed on a weighing scale. The weight was recorded every 5 minutes from 0 to 30 minutes, and the rate of mass loss was calculated. The measurement was repeated three times. As a comparison, 0.025% by weight of SILWET L-77 was evaluated. SILWET L-77 is primarily composed of polyalkylene oxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane.

[0121] The results are shown in Figure 1. At each concentration, the evaporation rate of the MEL-B aqueous solution was equivalent to that of water, which was used as a control. On the other hand, the comparison group tended to have a faster evaporation rate than water. This indicates that the MEL-B aqueous solution tends to evaporate more slowly than the comparison group.

[0122] Example 3: Diffusibility on Plant Surfaces MEL-B was diluted with distilled water to a concentration of 0.025 to 0.5% by mass, and rhodamine B was added to the diluted solution to a concentration of 0.1% by mass. 2.5 μL of the solution was dropped onto soybean and cotton leaves. After the solution had completely dried, a photograph was taken, and the area of ​​the colored area was measured using ImageJ. The test was repeated using six leaves.

[0123] The results are shown in Figure 2. MEL-B improved the diffusibility of the herbicide across the leaf surface at all concentrations. Diffusibility was particularly significant in soybean leaves at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5% by mass, and in cotton leaves at a concentration of 0.5% by mass.

[0124] Example 4: Drift Evaluation. 2 L of 0.025 wt. % MEL-B aqueous solution (containing 500 ppm metallic copper) was sprayed at 2 bar pressure using an XR11002VS spray nozzle (manufactured by Teejet) into a wind tunnel (8.4 m long, 0.94 m diameter) adjusted to a wind speed of 10 km / h at the spraying point. The drift was captured using a drift sampling system with three 2 mm diameter nylon wires vertically arranged on a metal outer frame. The sampling time was 30 seconds, and the test was repeated six times. For drift analysis, the captured material was removed, washed with 0.2 N hydrochloric acid, and quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry to calculate the ionic constant. 0.025 wt. % SILWET L-77 was evaluated as a control.

[0125] The results are shown in Figure 3. MEL-B did not substantially promote drift compared to the control group (water). This indicates that the addition of MEL-B does not make the soil more likely to be blown away by the wind when sprayed. On the other hand, drift was promoted in the control group.

[0126] Example 5 Effect of wetting agent on soybean powdery mildew The following combination of fungicide and wetting agent was sprayed on the leaves of soybeans (variety: BMX DESAFIO RR) three times at seven-day intervals. The first spray was carried out 50 days after planting. Evaluations were carried out 7 days after the first spray, 7 days after the second spray, and 7, 14, and 21 days after the third spray. These are expressed as 7DAFA, 7DASA, 7DATA, 14DATA, and 21DATA, respectively. ２ Ten leaves were sampled from each plot, and the severity of powdery mildew (Erysiphe diffusa) (ratio of diseased area) was evaluated. The control value of each test plot was calculated by comparing the severity with that of the control plot (not sprayed).

[0127] The amount of formulation used per treatment (per hectare) is as follows: The fungicide used was Fox (active ingredients: trifloxystrobin 150 g / L + prothioconazole 175 g / L). Spraying was carried out at 100 L / ha. Each test area was replicated in four plots. Test area 1: Fungicide 0.4L + MEL-B 2.5g (0.0025% by mass) Test area 2: Fungicide 0.4L + MEL-B 25g (0.025% by mass) Test area 3: Fungicide 0.4L + MEL-B 100g (0.1% by mass) Comparison area 1: Fungicide 0.4L Comparison area 2: Fungicide 0.4L + Aureo 250g Comparison area 3: Fungicide 0.4L + Silwet L-77 10g Control area 1: MEL-B 25g (0.025% by mass) Control area 2: MEL-B 100g (0.1% by mass)

[0128] The results are shown in Figure 4. The control effects of control plots 1 and 2 (MEL-B only) on the severity of the disease compared to the control plot (no spraying) were 7DAFA: 54% and 9%, 7DASA: 34% and 19%, 7DATA: 14% and 16%, 14DATA: 17% and 15%, and 21DATA: 34% and 26%, respectively, meaning no control effect was observed. On the other hand, the control effect in comparison area 1 (fungicide only) was (7DAFA: 64%, 7DASA: 77%, 7DATA: 90%, 14DATA: 78%, 21DATA: 41%), while the control effect in test area 1 (fungicide + MEL-B 2.5g) was (7DAFA: 76%, 7DASA: 90%, 7DATA: 96%, 14DATA: 88%, 21DATA: 53%), test area 2 (fungicide + MEL-B 25g) was (7DAFA: 84%, 7DASA: 91%, 7DATA: 97%, 14DATA: 81%, 21DATA: 48%), and test area 3 (fungicide + MEL-B The control effects of MEL-B (100 g) on ​​powdery mildew were 85% (7DAFA: 85%, 7DASA: 86%, 7DATA: 98%, 14DATA: 86%, 21DATA: 47%). This confirmed that the use of MEL-B as a wetting agent improved the control effect against powdery mildew throughout the evaluation period. Furthermore, compared with the control effect of comparison area 2 (fungicide + Aureo) (21DATA: 6%) and comparison area 3 (fungicide + Silwet L-77) (21DATA: 37%), test area 2 (fungicide + MEL-B 25 g) showed a higher control effect (21DATA: 48%). The same was true for test areas 1 and 3. This confirmed that the effect of MEL-B as a wetting agent in enhancing the control effect exceeded that of commercially available products.

[0129] Example 6 Effect of wetting agent on soybean rust The following combination of fungicide and wetting agent was sprayed twice on the leaves at 14-day intervals in a soybean (variety: M8372 IPRO) field. Spraying began when the first rust appeared in the field (approximately 60 days after planting). Evaluation was carried out 13 days after the first spraying, and 4, 13, and 22 days after the second spraying. ２The area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC) of rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) was evaluated for each plot, and the control value of each test plot was calculated by comparing the AUDPC with that of the control plot (no spraying). In addition, the 1,000-kernel weight was evaluated as an index of yield.

[0130] The amount of formulation used per treatment (per hectare) is as follows: The fungicide used was Fox (active ingredients: trifloxystrobin 150 g / L + prothioconazole 175 g / L). Spraying was carried out at 120 L / ha. Each test area was replicated in four plots. Control area: No spraying Test area 1: 0.4 L of fungicide + 1 g of MEL-B (0.00083% by mass) Test area 2: 0.4 L of fungicide + 50 g of MEL-B (0.0417% by mass) Comparison area 1: 0.4 L of fungicide

[0131] The results are shown in Figure 5. The control values, compared to the control plots, using the AUDPC for rust as an index, were 24.3 for comparison plot 1 (fungicide only), 36.9 for test plot 1 (fungicide + MEL-B 1.0 g), and 37.0 for test plot 2 (fungicide + MEL-B 50 g). Thus, throughout the evaluation period, it was confirmed that the use of MEL-B as a wetting agent improved rust control efficacy. Furthermore, the 1,000-kernel weight for test plot 1 (fungicide + MEL-B 1.0 g) was 137.7 g, while the 1,000-kernel weight for test plot 2 (fungicide + MEL-B 50.0 g) was 135.6 g. Thus, it was demonstrated that the use of MEL-B as a wetting agent leads to improved yield through improved disease control efficacy.

[0132] Example 7 Effect of wetting agent on soybean diseases The following combination of fungicide and wetting agent was sprayed on soybean (variety: M8372 IPRO) fields for the first time about 75 days after planting, followed by three more applications, 15 and 26 days after the first application. Evaluations were conducted 9 days after the second application and 5, 11, 20, and 30 days after the third application. ２The control values ​​of each test plot were calculated by comparing the AUDPC of the control plot (no spraying) with the AUDPC of the control plot (no spraying).

[0133] The formulation application rates (per hectare) for each treatment were as follows: In Test Pattern 1, the first application used Fungicide A: Fox Xpro (active ingredients: bixafen 125 g / L + trifloxystrobin 150 g / L + prothioconazole 175 g / L), the second application used Fungicide B: Vessarya (active ingredients: picoxystrobin 102.5 g / L + benzovindiflupyr 51.3 g / L), and the third application used Fungicide C: Cypress (active ingredients: cyproconazole 150 g / L + difenoconazole 250 g / L). In Test Pattern 2, the third application used Fungicide D: Approach Power (active ingredients: picoxystrobin 90 g / L + cyproconazole 40 g / L). Sprays were performed at 120 L / ha. Each test area was replicated in four plots. Test pattern 1 Test area 1: Fungicide A 0.5L + MEL-B 1g, Fungicide B 0.6L + MEL-B 1g, Fungicide C 0.3L + MEL-B 1g (MEL-B is 0.00083% by mass) Test area 2: Fungicide A 0.5L + MEL-B 10g, Fungicide B 0.6L + MEL-B 10g, Fungicide C 0.3L + MEL-B 10g (MEL-B is 0.0083% by mass) Test area 3: Fungicide A 0.5L + MEL-B 100g, Fungicide B 0.6L + MEL-B 100g, Fungicide C 0.3L + MEL-B 100g (MEL-B is 0.083% by mass) Comparison area 1: Fungicide A 0.5L + Aureo Test pattern 2 Test area 4: Fungicide D 0.6 L + MEL-B 50 g (0.0417 mass%), Fungicide B 0.6 L + Aureo 300 g, Fungicide C 0.3 L + Aureo 300 g Test pattern 2 Test area 4: Fungicide D 0.6 L + MEL-B 50 g (0.0417 mass%) Comparison area 2: Fungicide D 0.6 L "Aureo" contains 72% soybean oil fatty acid methyl esters.

[0134] The results are shown in Figure 6. The control values ​​against brown ring spot, using AUDPC as an index, were as follows: Comparison plot 1 (fungicide + Aureo): 58.0%, Test plot 1 (fungicide + MEL-B 1g): 65.5%, Test plot 2 (fungicide + MEL-B 10g): 58.5%, Test plot 3 (fungicide + MEL-B 100g): 65.6%. The control efficacy against purpura, using AUDPC as an index, was as follows: Comparison plot 1 (fungicide + Aureo): 43.7%, Test plot 1 (fungicide + MEL-B 1g): 44.9%, Test plot 2 (fungicide + MEL-B 10g): 45.7%, Test plot 3 (fungicide + MEL-B 100g): 48.1%. The control efficacy against rust, using AUDPC as an index, was as follows: In test pattern 1, the efficacy was as follows: comparison plot 1 (fungicide + Aureo): 44.4%, test plot 1 (fungicide + MEL-B 1 g): 47.3%, test plot 2 (fungicide + MEL-B 10 g): 47.5%, test plot 3 (fungicide + MEL-B 100 g): 49.3%. In test pattern 2, the efficacy was as follows: comparison plot 2 (fungicide only): 44.4%, test plot 4 (fungicide + MEL-B 50 g): 50.9%. These results confirmed that the use of MEL-B as a wetting agent improves the control effect against various soybean diseases.

[0135] Example 8 Effect of wetting agent on cotton diseases The following combination of fungicide and wetting agent was diluted to a predetermined concentration in a cotton (variety: IMA 2106 GLT) field, and the first application was made to the leaves 30 days after sowing. After the first application, spraying was performed a total of eight times at 14-day intervals. Evaluation was carried out before application, every 7 days thereafter, and 7, 14, and 21 days after the final application. ２ The AUDPC (area under the disease progression curve) of ramularia leaf spot and the yield of lint (fiber + seeds) were evaluated in each plot. The control value of each test plot was calculated by comparing with the AUDPC of the control plot (no spraying).

[0136] The spraying pattern for each test was as follows: The spray volume was 80 L / ha (comparison plot 1, test plot 1) and 60 L / ha (test plot 2). Each test plot was repeated in four plots.

[0137]

[0138] The results are shown in Figure 7. The control value for spot disease (Corynespora cassiicola) using AUDPC as an index relative to the control plot (no spray) was 43.4% in comparison plot 1 (a commercially available wetting agent was used and the spray water volume was 80 L / ha), while it was 63.5% in test plot 1 (MEL-B was used as a wetting agent and the spray water volume was 80 L / ha) and 78.2% in test plot 2 (MEL-B was used as a wetting agent and the spray water volume was 60 L / ha). Furthermore, the yield of lint (fiber + seeds) was 1,903.5 kg / ha in comparison plot 1 (a commercially available wetting agent was used and the spray water volume was 80 L / ha), while in test plot 1 (MEL-B was used as the wetting agent and the spray water volume was 80 L / ha) it was 2,098.5 kg / ha, and in test plot 2 (MEL-B was used as the wetting agent and the spray water volume was 60 L / ha) it was 1,983.0 kg / ha. These results demonstrate that the use of MEL-B as a wetting agent leads to a reduction in the amount of spray water and an improvement in yield.

[0139] Example 9 Effect of wetting agent on cotton diseases The following combinations of fungicides and wetting agents were diluted to the specified concentrations in a cotton (variety: TMG 22 GLTP) field, and the first foliar spray was performed 30 days after sowing, followed by a total of eight sprays at 14-day intervals from the first spray. Evaluations were made before spraying, every seven days thereafter, and 7, 14, and 21 days after the final spray. ２ The area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC) of Ramnaria leaf spot (Ramulariopsis spp.) and Corynespora cassiicola leaf spot (Corynespora cassiicola) was evaluated in each plot. The control value of each test plot was calculated by comparing with the AUDPC of the control plot (no spraying).

[0140] The spraying pattern for each test was as follows: The spray volume was 80 L / ha (comparison plot 1, test plot 1) and 60 L / ha (test plot 2). Each test plot was repeated in four plots.

[0141]

[0142] The results are shown in Figure 8. The control value for Rhamnaria leaf spot, using AUDPC as an indicator, relative to the control plot (no spraying) was 72.3% in comparison plot 1 (a commercially available wetting agent was used and the spray water volume was 80 L / ha), while it was improved to 75.4% in test plot 1 (MEL-B was used as the wetting agent and the spray water volume was 80 L / ha). This confirmed that the use of MEL-B as a wetting agent improves the control effect against Rhamnaria leaf spot on cotton. Furthermore, the control value relative to the control plot (no spray) using AUDPC for spot disease as an indicator was 27.3% in the comparison plot (80 L / ha spray volume using a commercially available wetting agent), while it was 35.6% in test plot 1 (80 L / ha spray volume using MEL-B as the wetting agent) and 43.8% in test plot 2 (60 L / ha spray volume using MEL-B as the wetting agent). These results demonstrate that the use of MEL-B as a wetting agent leads to improved control of cotton spot disease and a reduction in the amount of spray water required.

Claims

1. A formulation for agricultural and horticultural use containing an active ingredient and mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL).

2. The agricultural and horticultural formulation according to claim 1, wherein the MEL is MEL-B.

3. The agricultural and horticultural formulation according to claim 1 or 2, which is for use on cotton and / or soybeans.

4. An agricultural or horticultural formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, containing MEL at a concentration of 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass.

5. A diluted agricultural and horticultural formulation comprising the agricultural and horticultural formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and a solvent.

6. The agricultural and horticultural diluted formulation according to claim 5, which contains 0.001 to 0.05% by mass of MEL.

7. A method for treating agricultural and horticultural plants, which comprises spraying the diluted agricultural and horticultural formulation according to claim 5 or 6 onto agricultural and horticultural land at a rate of 50 L / ha to 200 L / ha.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the spraying is carried out using an aircraft.

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