Volumetric solar cell

Abstract

The present invention relates to volumetric solar cell, which can be used to achieve maximum efficiency in narrower spaces with transparent and opaque solar cells, characterized in that it comprises at least 1 reflective surface (1) allowing sunlight from various angles to be reflected from different angles, a fully transparent, anti-reflective protective transparent outer surface (2) located on each surface of the volume to protect the device from negative external influences, at least 1 outer transparent solar cell (3) with a low opacity degree of 10-15%, with which the sun rays passing through the protective transparent outer surface (2) first come into contact, at least 1 inner solar cell (4) with a medium-high opacity of 20-25%, located on the back of the outer transparent solar cell (3) and contacted by the sun rays passing through these cells (3), and at least 1, preferably tandem solar cell (5) with 100% opacity and high efficiency, located on the center of the volume.

Description

[0001] VOLUMETRIC SOLAR CELL

[0002] Technical Field:

[0003] The present invention relates to volumetric solar cell, which can be used to achieve maximum efficiency in narrower spaces with transparent and opaque solar cells.

[0004] State of the Art:

[0005] Today, one of the most important natural and sustainable energy sources is solar energy. Solar energy is obtained from solar panels placed on the roofs of many buildings or on large areas of land. Solar panels have a large surface area by combining many solar cells. For this reason, it takes up space in the areas where it is placed. Solar panels have disadvantages such as the need for high surface area and the need to position the panels in the south direction and perpendicular to the sun angle. Transparent solar panels, on the other hand, are mainly used in building windows and greenhouses. Even the panels defined as 3D solar panels are obtained by placing multiple transparent solar cells on top of each other and are used in a two- dimensional surface format, like panels created from other traditional solar cells.

[0006] In patent application numbered WO2009149572A2, "Solar Energy Usage" is described. The invention describes a solar combination panel comprising a solar panel and a heat exchanger. It has a tubular heat exchanger behind the solar panel so that the solar panel can always be operated within the optimum temperature range to improve electrical efficiency. Multiple heat collector plates, provided as heat collectors and attached by gluing, are located on the back cover film of the solar panel. Above the heat collector plates are corrugated metal adhesive sheets, which are glued in the same way and in the corrugations of which a metal tube is geometrically glued, thus minimizing the power transmission of the heat exchanger to the solar panel. The invention also relates to a method for producing a solar combination panel.

[0007] In patent application numbered TW202240925A, a "Solar Panel" is described. The invention is a solar panel comprising a first substrate, a second substrate, a photovoltaic conversion structure, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode. The second substrate is opposite the first substrate. The photovoltaic conversion structure is located between the first substrate and the second substrate and has a light receiving surface facing the first substrate. The first electrode and the second electrode are placed on at least one side of the photovoltaic conversion layer. At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode are electrically connected to the photovoltaic conversion structure. The third electrode is located between the photovoltaic conversion layer and the second substrate and is isolated from the first electrode and the second electrode. The orthogonal projection of the first electrode and the second electrode on the light receiving surface completely covers the orthogonal projection of the third electrode on the light receiving surface.

[0008] Above described are solar panels with various designs. These panels have a traditional design of an area with wide surface use and are positioned in large areas. It cannot be used at points where the surface area is narrow. When the surface area is limited, the desired efficiency will not be obtained since the number of panels to be placed will also be limited.

[0009] As a result, there is a need for a new technology which can overcome the disadvantages mentioned above.

[0010] Definition of the Invention:

[0011] The present invention is a volumetric solar cell that overcomes the disadvantages mentioned above and is characterized by being three-dimensional, occupying minimal space, having surfaces that reflect sunlight from different angles (mirror, stainless steel, etc.), allowing multiple devices to be placed modularly in various sizes and dimensions both vertically and horizontally, and being suitable for use in areas with limited surface area.

[0012] Thanks to the product of the invention, high efficiency is obtained by using a high amount of transparent solar cell surface area in places with limited surface and volume area. Traditional solar cells require large areas. With the volumetric design, similar or higher production values are achieved in smaller areas due to the use of transparent and opaque solar cells having much more surface area in a layered manner and in x-y- z directions. Thanks to direct and reflective surfaces, sunlight passes through many transparent solar cells located in x-y-z directions from different angles and comes into contact with opaque solar cells. In this way, a large number of solar cells in different layers and directions generate energy. Transparent solar cells with different transmittance rates produce energy using different wavelengths of sunlight, in other words, sunlight is used more efficiently. This is achieved by inner and outer transparent solar cells positioned back to back in its three-dimensional and volumetric structure, and completely opaque, preferably tandem solar cells, which achieve the highest efficiency in the center. Thus, there is an increasing opacity and efficiency from the outer surface solar cells with the highest transmittance towards the center. Thus, within a small and reflective volume, the light comes into contact with the extensively used solar cell surfaces with different transparency and opacity levels across possible different and broad wavelengths.

[0013] With the easy fastening of the parts that constitute the invention to each other, it is easy to install, and the costs are low thanks to the short assembly time. An important element that increases the cost of a conventional solar panel is the solar cell protective layers. Since the invention is volumetric, there is no need to protect the cells located on the inner surfaces. This makes production fast and easy and reduces the cost. Also, the invention has a solid structure.

[0014] Description of the Drawings:

[0015] The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying figures in order for the features of the invention to be more clearly understood and appreciated, however this is not intended to limit the invention to these embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended all alternatives, modifications and equivalences that may be included in the field of the invention as defined by the accompanying claims are within the scope. It should be understood that the details shown are for the sole purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments of the present invention and are intended to provide the most useful and easily understandable description of both the embodiment of the methods and the rules and conceptual features of the invention. In the drawings;

[0016] Fig.1 is a perspective view of the system.

[0017] Fig.2 is a detailed perspective view of the system.

[0018] Fig. 3 is a front view of the system. The figures which will help understand this invention are numbered as indicated in the accompanying drawing and are given below with their names.

[0019] Description of the References:

[0020] 1 . Reflective Surface

[0021] 2. Protective Transparent Outer Surface

[0022] 3. Outer Transparent Solar Cell

[0023] 4. Inner Transparent Solar Cell

[0024] 5. Opaque Solar Cell

[0025] Description of the Invention:

[0026] The invention is a volumetric solar cell, comprising at least 1 reflective surface (1) allowing sunlight from various angles to be reflected from different angles, a fully transparent, anti-reflective protective transparent outer surface (2) located on each surface of the volume to protect the device from negative external influences, at least 1 outer transparent solar cell (3) with a low opacity degree of 10-15%, with which the sun rays passing through the protective transparent outer surface (2) first come into contact, at least 1 inner solar cell (4) with a medium-high opacity of 20-25%, located on the back of the outer transparent solar cell (3) and contacted by the sun rays passing through these cells (3), and at least 1 , preferably tandem solar cell with 100% opacity and high efficiency, located on the center of the volume.

[0027] In the alternative embodiment of the invention, there is a protective transparent outer surface (2) that can be replaced by a solar cell function with an opacity of 10%. In another alternative embodiment of the product of the invention, solar cells with different transparency rates can be used in different numbers, layers, and geometries.

[0028] Detailed Description of the Invention:

[0029] The constituent parts of the invention are essentially: reflective surface (1), protective transparent outer surface (2), outer transparent solar cell (3), inner solar cell (4), and opaque solar cell (5). There is at least 1 reflective surface (1) that allows the sun rays to be reflected from different angles. At least 1 completely transparent protective outer surface (2) is located on the outer part of the three-dimensional volumetric structure located on the center of the reflective surfaces (1). At least 1 outer transparent solar cell (3) is located on the inner part of the protective outer transparent surface (2). Depending on the application, the opacity level of outer transparent solar cells (3) varies between 10- 15%. The inner solar cells (4) are located in an integrated manner within the inner part of the outer transparent solar cells (3). The sun rays passing through the outer transparent solar cells (3) reach the inner solar cells (4). Inner solar cells (4) have an opacity of 20-25% depending on the application. There is at least 1 opaque and most efficient opaque solar cell (5), which is located in the middle of the volume and located in the center as the smallest modular unit. The rays passing through the inner solar cells (4) reach the opaque solar cell (5). The opaque solar cell (5) has 100% opacity and is highly efficient. Preferably it is a tandem solar cell.

[0030] In order for the invention to be realized, sunlight must pass through a different number of solar cells and a large number of solar cells must generate energy. For this, transparent solar cells are used. Transparent solar cells with different transmittance rates produce energy using different wavelengths of sunlight. The light passes to the lower stages and is reflected. In order to achieve the highest efficiency from a single light beam and reflection, the number of cell layers and transmittance ratios need to be optimized. For this purpose, volumetric, transparent solar cells with single-surface consisting of interlocking solar cell surfaces and at least two surfaces positioned back to back are used. The purpose of two surface cells is to take advantage of the light that is reflected or incident from the opposite direction. At the center of the geometry the highest efficiency, opaque - preferably tandem solar cells are used. Thus, there is an increasing opacity and efficiency from the outer surface solar cells with the highest transmittance towards the center. In this way, within a small and reflective volume, the aim is to bring light into contact with the extensively used solar cell surfaces across the most intense and different wavelengths possible.

[0031] Transparent and Opaque solar cells stimulate the electrons in the material and increase their energy levels by absorbing the photons of sunlight coming into contact with the surface thereof by photovoltaic effect. Energy generation is carried out through an electrical circuit by creating an electric field between the positive and negative layers inside. Photons contain a different amount of energy for each wavelength in the solar radiation spectrum. Solar cells with different transparency-opacity levels obtain energy from different wavelengths of sunlight.

[0032] In the alternative embodiment of the product of the invention, a transparent solar cell with a low opacity level can be used instead of protective outer transparent surfaces (2).

[0033] In this invention, which has a volume of 50x50x50cm, 3 pieces of 100x170cm traditional solar panel cell surfaces fit on a surface area of 0.25m2. Traditional solar cells occupying a surface area of 4.5 square meters are reduced to an area of 0.25 square meters. In other words, 18 units of solar panels are considered to be placed in an area of 1 unit. Even if an average (relatively low) efficiency of 1.666666666666667 percent is obtained from the solar cells in this invention having a volume of 50x50x50cm and a surface area of 0.25 m2, it will produce the same energy as the traditional solar panel having a surface area of 1m2with a high efficiency of 30%. Or it will have obtained 4 times more energy than a high-efficiency solar panel with the same surface area (0.25m2).

Claims

CLAIMS1 . A volumetric solar cell, characterized in that it comprises:- at least 1 reflective surface (1) that allows sunlight coming from various angles to be reflected from different angles,- fully transparent, anti-reflective protective transparent outer surface (2) located on each surface of the volume to protect the device from negative external influences,- at least 1 outer transparent solar cell (3) with a low opacity degree of 10- 15%, with which the sun rays passing through the protective transparent outer surface (2) first come into contact,- at least 1 inner solar cell (4) with a medium-high opacity degree of 20-25%, located on the back of the outer transparent solar cell (3) and in contact with the sun rays passing through these cells (3), and- at least 1 opaque solar cell (5), located on the center of the volume and having 100% opacity and high efficiency.

2. The alternative embodiment of the invention according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises a protective transparent outer surface (2) that can be replaced by a solar cell function with an opacity of 10%.

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