Method, apparatus, and system for supporting data portability
The method and apparatus in mobile networks facilitate user data portability by enabling standardized data viewing, retrieval, transfer, and deletion through user portal and digital word control functions, enhancing network performance and user data management.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/118372
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-06-24
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
AI Technical Summary
Current 3GPP systems lack standardized functionalities for supporting user data viewing, retrieval, transfer, and deletion, limiting user access and management of their data stored in application provider and network service provider servers.
A method and apparatus for supporting data portability through user portal functions and digital word control functions in mobile networks, enabling user data-related requests and responses to manage and transfer data via access networks and connection management functions, utilizing parameters such as UE identifiers, data actions, and data formats to facilitate user data viewing, retrieval, transfer, and deletion.
Enhances network performance by providing convenient interfaces for users to access, retrieve, and delete their data, improving overall network efficiency and user data management capabilities.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024118372_02012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR SUPPORTING DATA PORTABILITY
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] This application claims priority to US provisional patent application No. 63 / 663,321, filed on June 24, 2024, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of wireless communications technologies and, in particular, to method, apparatus, and system for supporting data portability.BACKGROUND
[0004] While using applications in the Internet, the data of users may be stored in servers of application providers and network service providers. Some Internet services and cell phone operating system software provide users with tools to access, retrieve, transfer and delete user data by using web interfaces. The user data may be transferred over wireless or wired connections.
[0005] The user web interface is available for user to communicate with mobile network operator. However, the current third generation partnership project (3GPP) systems do not provide standardized functionalities to support user data viewing, retrieval, transfer and deletion.
[0006] This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present disclosure. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present disclosure.SUMMARY
[0007] This present disclosure provides method, apparatus, and system for supporting data portability.
[0008] According to a first aspect, a method for supporting data portability is described, where the method includes:
[0009] obtaining one or more user data-related requests from a user equipment (UE) via one or more of a first access network (AN) in a first mobile network and a first connection management function (CMF) in the first mobile network, where the one or more user data-related requests are used for accessing and / or managing data; and
[0010] sending a user data-related response to the UE via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected.
[0011] This solution can be performed by a user portal function in a network, for example a first user portal function in a first mobile network. The term “first” and “second” (and similar term) used herein is for distinguishing different network functions (NF) in different network, which does not have special limitation to the NF and network. For example, the expression regarding the first mobile network and the second network means that these two mobile networks are different mobile networks, and the expression regarding the first NF in the first mobile network and the second NF in the second mobile network means that these two NFs are different NFs belonging to different mobile network. By obtaining one or more user data-related requests from the UE and sending the user data-related response to the UE, the first mobile network can be informed of accessing and / or managing data and feed the result back to the UE. By using this solution, the first user portal function can provide an interface for UE or user to access, retrieve, or remove their data, related user data that has been collected, processed by the first mobile network. In this way, the interface can provide functionalities to support user data viewing, retrieval, transfer and deletion in a convenient way, which improves the overall network performance.
[0012] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, each of the one or more user data-related requests includes one or more of following parameters:
[0013] a UE identifier (ID) ;
[0014] a data action;
[0015] a data object type;
[0016] a data format;
[0017] a start time of data and an end time of data;
[0018] a location of data;
[0019] a time to execute the user data-related request;
[0020] data transfer destination information; and
[0021] an indication to delete user data after transferring.
[0022] Because the user data-related request (s) can include one or more of the UE ID, the data action, the data object type, the data format, the start time of data and the end time of data, the location of data, the time to execute the user data-related request, data transfer destination information, and the indication to delete user data after transferring, the first user portal function can clearly know which UE may access and / or manage data, which data action, data object type, data format and / or time period of data the UE may request, which destination the data may be requested to be transferred to and / or whether to delete user data after transferring, and may try to fulfill the user data-related request (s) at the time to execute the user data-related request (s) , thereby accommodating various application scenarios such as the application scenarios related to user data viewing, retrieval, transfer, deletion, and any other possible data-related actions.
[0023] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes:
[0024] obtaining a user plane (UP) connection establishment request from a first session management function (SMF) in the first mobile network, where the UP connection establishment request is used for requesting an establishment of a UP connection between the first AN and a first user portal function in the first mobile network; and
[0025] sending a UP connection establishment response to the first SMF, where the UP connection establishment response is used for supporting the UP connection between the first AN and the first user portal function in the first mobile network.
[0026] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the UP connection provides a connection to an interface for a user to access and / or manage the data.
[0027] The first user portal function may obtain the UP connection establishment request from the first SMF in the first mobile network and send the UP connection establishment response to the first SMF, so as to support establishment of the UP connection between the first AN and the first user portal function, so that an interface for a UE or user to access and / or manage the data can be established, thereby assisting the UE to support user data viewing, retrieval, transfer and deletion in a convenient way, which improves the overall network performance.
[0028] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the UP connection establishment request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0029] a data session ID;
[0030] a UE ID;
[0031] a UE address;
[0032] a UP session ID; and
[0033] quality of service (QoS) parameters.
[0034] Because the UP connection establishment request can include one or more of the data session ID, the UE ID, the UE address, the UP session ID, and QoS parameters, the first mobile network can clearly learn which UE may establish connection, which QoS should be satisfied, thereby accommodating various application scenarios such as the application scenarios related to user data viewing, retrieval, transfer, deletion, and any other possible data-related actions.
[0035] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the UP connection establishment response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0036] a UP session ID;
[0037] a UE address; and
[0038] uplink (UL) tunnel information.
[0039] The UP connection establishment response can include one or more of the UP session ID, the UE address, and UL tunnel information to acknowledge the receipt of the UP connection establishment request or delivery information of the UP connection. The first user portal function may assign a UE address for this data connection if the first SMF does not assign UE address, the first user portal function may assign a unique UP session ID to identify the communication link between the first SMF and the first user portal function related to the user data connection if the first SMF does not assign the UP session ID. In this way, the first user portal function can ensure the UP connection establishment under various application scenarios such as no UE address and / or the UP session ID being assigned by the first SMF.
[0040] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes:
[0041] obtaining a UP connection modification request from a first SMF, where the UP connection modification request is used for requesting a modification of a UP connection between the first AN and a first user portal function; and
[0042] sending a UP connection modification response to the first SMF, where the UP connection modification response is used for acknowledging a receipt of the UP connection modification.
[0043] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the UP connection modification request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0044] a data session ID;
[0045] a UP session ID; and
[0046] downlink (DL) tunnel information of AN.
[0047] By obtaining the UP connection modification request from the first SMF, and sending the UP connection modification response to the first SMF, a modification of a UP connection between the first AN and the first user portal function can be achieved, which assists the UE to communicate with the first user portal function to establish secured data connection between the UE and the first User Portal Function.
[0048] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes:
[0049] communicating with the UE to establish a secured data connection between the UE and a first user portal function in the first mobile network.
[0050] By communicating with the UE, the first user portal function can establish the secured data connection between the UE and the first user portal function thereby providing an interface for the user so that the user can use the interface to access and / or manage user’s data.
[0051] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, each of the one or more user data-related requests includes first user portal function information.
[0052] Because the user data-related request (s) can include first user portal function information, the first user portal function can be easily located based on the first user portal function information so that the message can be sent from the UE to the specified first user portal function, thereby requesting the first mobile network to fulfill the user request.
[0053] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes:
[0054] sending a UE subscription data request to a first data management function (DMF) in the first mobile network, where the UE subscription data request is used for checking whether the UE is authorized to access the data; and
[0055] obtaining a UE subscription data response from the first DMF, where the UE subscription data response is used for indicating the UE is authorized to access the data or the UE is not authorized to access the data.
[0056] By sending the UE subscription data request to the first DMF in the first mobile network and obtaining the UE subscription data response from the first DMF, the first user portal function may send the UE subscription data request, instead of a first CMF, to the first DMF, and the first DMF may send the UE subscription data response to the first user portal function. In this way, the first user portal function is allowed to directly verify whether the UE is authorized to use the requested user data-related services.
[0057] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes:
[0058] sending an inter-network user data transfer request to a second user portal function in a second mobile network directly, or via one or more of a first control plane gateway (CPGW) in the first mobile network and a second CPGW in the second mobile network, where the inter-network user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from the first mobile network to the second mobile network; and
[0059] obtaining an inter-network user data transfer response from the second user portal function directly, or via one or more of the second CPGW and the first CPGW, where the inter-network user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted or rejected.
[0060] By sending the inter-network user data transfer request to the second user portal function in the second mobile network and obtaining the inter-network user data transfer response from the second user portal function, the first mobile network can inform the second mobile network about the user data transfer request from the users, so that the second mobile network can notify the users whether they can transfer data from a current serving mobile network to another.
[0061] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, each of the one or more user data-related requests includes a parameter which is a data action. The data action indicates that the requested action by the UE is for transferring user data to the second mobile network. The inter-network user data transfer request is sent in response to the user data-related request.
[0062] Because the user data-related request can indicate the requested action by the UE is data transfer, the first user portal function can notify other NF (s) such as first CPGW in the first mobile network that the UE desires the user data transfer from one mobile network to another, thereby implementing data transfer requested by the UE.
[0063] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, where the inter-network user data transfer request includes one or more of:
[0064] a UE ID;
[0065] a data action which is data transfer;
[0066] a data object type;
[0067] data transfer source information;
[0068] a data transfer destination; and
[0069] a time to execute the user data-related request.
[0070] Because the inter-network user data transfer request can include one or more of the UE ID, the data action which is data transfer, the data object type, data transfer source information, the data transfer destination, and the time to execute the user data-related request, the first user portal function can inform other NF (s) in the first mobile network and the second mobile network about the information they may require for implementing data transfer, such as which UE may transfer data, which data object type the UE may transfer, and may try to fulfill the inter-network user data transfer request at the time to execute the user data-related request, thereby accommodating various data object types during the data transfer.
[0071] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the inter-network user data transfer response indicates the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted, and the method further includes:
[0072] sending a user data transfer acknowledgment to the UE, where the user data transfer acknowledgment is used for indicating a user data transfer is accepted.
[0073] By sending the user data transfer acknowledgment to the UE, the UE can know that the user data transfer has been accepted. In this way, the UE can know that it is allowed to transfer some or all of user data from one mobile network to another mobile network.
[0074] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the inter-network user data transfer response indicates the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted, and the method further includes:
[0075] sending an inter-network user data delivery request to the second user portal function directly, or via one or more of the first CPGW and the second CPGW, where the inter-network user data delivery request is used for transferring the user data from the first mobile network to the second mobile network; and
[0076] obtaining an inter-network user data delivery response from the second user portal function directly, or via one or more of the second CPGW and the first CPGW, where the inter-network user data delivery response is used for acknowledging a completion of user data delivery.
[0077] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the inter-network user data delivery request includes one or more of the following parameters:
[0078] a UE ID;
[0079] first user portal function information;
[0080] a data transfer destination;
[0081] a data action, which is data transfer;
[0082] a data object type; and
[0083] user data.
[0084] Under the circumstance that the first user portal function has known that it is allowed to transfer some or all of user data from one network to another network, it can send the inter-network user data delivery request to the second user portal function and obtain the inter-network user data delivery response from the second user portal function. In this way, the first user portal function can inform the NF (s) in the first mobile network and second mobile network about the information they may require for implementing data transfer, such as which UE may transfer data, which data object type the UE may request, which user data the UE may transfer, which user portal function the user data may be transferred from, thereby implementing transfer of the user data smoothly.
[0085] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes:
[0086] sending a user data request to a first object context repository function (OCRF) in the first mobile network according to a time to execute the user data-related request, where the user data request is used for requesting a management on the data; and
[0087] obtaining the user data response from the first OCRF.
[0088] By sending the user data request to the first OCRF in the first mobile network according to the time to execute the user data-related request and obtaining the user data response from the first OCRF, the user data request may be sent at the time to execute the user data-related request or several seconds earlier. In this way, the first OCRF may fulfill the user data-related request at the time to execute the user data-related request in response to the user data-related request.
[0089] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the user data request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0090] a UE ID;
[0091] a data action;
[0092] a data object type;
[0093] a data format;
[0094] a time to execute the user data-related request; and
[0095] an indication to delete user data after transferring.
[0096] Because the user data request can include one or more of the UE ID, the data action, the data object type, the data format, the time to execute the user data-related request, and the indication to delete user data after transferring, the first user portal function can inform the first OCRF about which UE may manage the data, which data action and / or data object type the UE may request, which data format the requested data may have, whether to delete user data after transferring, when the time to execute the user data-related request, which improves the efficiency of the data management.
[0097] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the user data response is used for one or more of following tasks:
[0098] presenting a data object in a human-readable format if the UE requests to view the data object;
[0099] presenting a data object that is compressed in a human-readable format and / or a machine-readable format if the UE requests to download the data object; and
[0100] presenting a deletion confirmation that a data object of data object type has been deleted if the UE requests to delete the data object type.
[0101] Because the UE may desire to request different tasks, for example, viewing, downloading, and / or deleting the data object, the first user portal function can obtain different feedbacks in different formats in response to the user data request and present the different feedbacks to UE. In this way, the first user portal function can obtain the processing results in response to the user data request, thereby learning a clear result and further sending the requested data to the UE or forwarding to other networks.
[0102] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes:
[0103] performing a data conversion to a required data format specified in the user data-related request if the user data response includes a data object that requires a different representation format.
[0104] The user data response may include the data object that requires the different representation format, and the first user portal function can convert the data to the required data format such as a human-readable or machine-readable format that the UE or user can understand, so that the UE can read the processing result or presenting the processing result to the user.
[0105] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes:
[0106] selecting the first OCRF to fulfill the one or more user data-related requests based on one or more of following:
[0107] using local information of the first OCRF stored in a first user portal function; and
[0108] using a first network entity repository (NER) in the first mobile network to discover the first OCRF.
[0109] Because the first OCRF may be selected in different manners such as by the first user portal function or NER, different application scenarios can be adapted, thereby expanding the applicability of method for supporting data portability.
[0110] According to a second aspect, a method for supporting data portability is described, where the method includes:
[0111] obtaining a user data transfer request from a UE via one or more of a first AN in a first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, where the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from the first mobile network to a second mobile network; and
[0112] sending a user data transfer response to the UE via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected.
[0113] This solution can be performed by a digital word control function (DWCF) in a network, for example a first DWCF in a first mobile network. By obtaining the user data transfer request from the UE and sending the user data transfer response to the UE, the first mobile network can be informed of transferring user data from one network to another network and feed the result back to the UE. By using this solution, the first DWCF can provide an interface for users to transfer their data, and user-related data that have been collected and processed in the first mobile network. In this way, the interface can provide functionalities to support user data transfer in a convenient way, which improves the overall network performance.
[0114] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the user data transfer request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0115] a UE ID;
[0116] a data action, which is data transfer;
[0117] data transfer destination information;
[0118] one or more data object types;
[0119] a data format;
[0120] data volume of each data object type;
[0121] an indication to delete user data after transferring; and
[0122] a time to execute the user data transfer request.
[0123] Because the user data transfer request can include one or more of the UE ID, the data action, which is data transfer, data transfer destination information, one or more data object types, the data format, data volume of each data object type, the indication to delete user data after transferring, and the time to execute the user data transfer request, the first DWCF can clearly know which UE may transfer data, the data action is data transfer, which destination the data may be requested to be transferred to, which data object type, data format, data volume the UE may request, and whether to delete user data after transferring. The first DWCF may try to fulfill the user data transfer request at the time to execute the user data transfer request, thereby the first DWCF can be requested to implement the user data transfer from one network to another mobile.
[0124] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the method further includes:
[0125] sending a user data transfer completion message to a first OCRF in the first mobile network, where the user data transfer completion message is used for notifying the first OCRF that user data is to be deleted if the UE requested to remove the user data after the requested user data has been transferred to the second mobile network.
[0126] By sending the user data transfer completion message to the first OCRF in the first mobile network, the first OCRF can be notified that the user data may be deleted if the UE requested to remove user data after the requested user data has been transferred to another network.
[0127] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the method further includes:
[0128] sending an inter-network user data transfer request to a second DWCF in the second mobile network directly, or via one or more of a first CPGW in the first mobile network and a second CPGW in the second mobile network, where the inter-network user data transfer request is used for requesting the user data transfer from the first mobile network to the second mobile network; and
[0129] obtaining an inter-network user data transfer response from the second DWCF directly, or via one or more of the second CPGW and the first CPGW, where inter-network user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected.
[0130] By sending the inter-network user data transfer request to the second DWCF in the second mobile network and obtaining the inter-network user data transfer response from the second DWCF, the second DWCF can inform the first DWCF whether the data transfer is allowed and then notify the UE so that the UE can prepare to perform the next operations.
[0131] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, where the inter-network user data transfer response indicates the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted, and the method further includes:
[0132] sending a user data transfer acknowledgment to the UE, where the user data transfer acknowledgment is used for indicating a user data transfer is accepted.
[0133] By sending the user data transfer acknowledgment to the UE, the UE can know that the user data transfer has been accepted. In this way, the UE can know that it is allowed to transfer some or all of user data from one mobile network to another mobile network.
[0134] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the method further includes:
[0135] selecting a first OCRF in the first mobile network by using NF discovery service of a first NER in the first mobile network.
[0136] By selecting the first OCRF in the first mobile network by using NF discovery service of the first NER in the first mobile network, a suitable OCRF can be select to fulfill the user data request at the time to execute the user data-related request.
[0137] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the method further includes:
[0138] sending a user data request to a first OCRF in the first mobile network according to a time to execute the user data transfer request, where the user data request is used for requesting a transfer of one or more user objects; and
[0139] obtaining one or more user data responses from the first OCRF.
[0140] By sending the user data request to the first OCRF in the first mobile network according to the time to execute the user data transfer request and obtaining the user data response (s) from the first OCRF, the user data request may be sent at the time to execute the user data-related request or several seconds earlier. In this way, the first OCRF may fulfill the user data transfer request at the time to execute the user data transfer request in response to the user data transfer request.
[0141] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the user data request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0142] a UE ID;
[0143] a data object type;
[0144] a data format;
[0145] a time to execute the user data-related request; and
[0146] an indication to delete user data after transferring.
[0147] Because the user data request can include one or more of the UE ID, the data object type, the data format, the time to execute the user data-related request, and the indication to delete user data after transferring, the first DWCF can inform the first OCRF to about which UE may manage the data, which data action and / or data object type the UE may request, which data format the requested data may have, whether to delete user data after transferring, when the time to execute the user data-related request, which improves the efficiency of the data management.
[0148] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the one or more user data responses includes the requested one or more user data objects.
[0149] Because the user data response (s) can include the requested one or more user data objects, for example in a data container, the user data object (s) can be distributed to the first DWCF so that the first DWCF can send the user data to the NFs in the second mobile network for implementing the data transfer.
[0150] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the method further includes:
[0151] sending an inter-network user data delivery request to a second DWCF directly, or via one or more of a first CPGW and a second CPGW, where the inter-network user data delivery request is used for transferring user data from the first mobile network to the second mobile network; and
[0152] obtaining an inter-network user data delivery response from the second DWCF directly, or via one or more of the second CPGW and the first CPGW, where the inter-network user data delivery response is used for acknowledging a completion of transferring user data.
[0153] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the inter-network user data delivery request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0154] an UE ID;
[0155] data transfer destination network information;
[0156] a data action which is data transfer;
[0157] a data object type;
[0158] data volume of data object type; and
[0159] user data.
[0160] By sending the inter-network user data delivery request to the second DWCF and obtaining the inter-network user data delivery response from the second DWCF, the first DWCF can inform the NF (s) in the first mobile network and second mobile network about the information they may require for implementing data transfer, such as which UE may transfer data, which destination the data may be requested to be transferred to, the data action is data transfer, which data object type the UE may request, which data volume the data object type may have, thereby implementing transfer of the user data smoothly.
[0161] According to a third aspect, a method for supporting data portability is described, where the method includes:
[0162] sending one or more user data-related requests to a first user portal function in a first mobile network via one or more of a first AN in the first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, where the one or more user data-related requests are used for accessing and / or managing data; and
[0163] obtaining a user data-related response from the first user portal function via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected.
[0164] This solution can be performed by a UE. By sending one or more user data-related requests to the first user portal function in the first mobile network and obtaining the user data-related response from the first user portal function, the UE can inform the first mobile network of accessing and / or managing data and obtain the result from the first mobile network. By using this solution, the first user portal function can provide an interface for UE or user to access, retrieve, or remove their data and user-related data that have been collected and processed in the first mobile network. In this way, the interface can provide functionalities to support user data viewing, retrieval, transfer and deletion in a convenient way, which improves the overall network performance.
[0165] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, each of the one or more user data-related requests includes one or more of following parameters:
[0166] a UE ID;
[0167] a data action;
[0168] a data object type;
[0169] a data format;
[0170] a start time of data and an end time of data;
[0171] a location of data;
[0172] a time to execute the user data-related request;
[0173] data transfer destination information; and
[0174] an indication to delete user data after transferring.
[0175] Because the user data-related request (s) can include one or more of the UE ID, the data action, the data object type, the data format, the start time of data and the end time of data, the location of data, the time to execute the user data-related request, data transfer destination information, and the indication to delete user data after transferring, the UE can inform the first user portal function about which UE may access and / or manage data, which data action, data object type, data format and / or time period of data the UE may request, which destination the data may be requested to be transferred to, and / or whether to delete user data after transferring, and may try to fulfill the user data-related request (s) at the time to execute the user data-related request (s) , thereby accommodating various application scenarios such as the application scenarios related to user data viewing, retrieval, transfer, deletion, and any other possible data-related actions.
[0176] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the method further includes:
[0177] sending a data session establishment request to a first SMF in the first mobile network via one or more of the first AN and the first CMF, where the data session establishment request is used for requesting to access the first user portal function; and
[0178] obtaining a data session establishment response from the first SMF via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the data session establishment response is used for supporting the UP connection between the first AN and the first user portal function in the first mobile network.
[0179] By sending the data session establishment request to the first SMF in the first mobile network and obtaining the data session establishment response from the first SMF, the UE or user can request the first mobile network to establish a data connection between the UE and the first user portal function. In this way, the UE or user can use the first user portal function as an interface for accessing and / or managing data.
[0180] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the data session establishment request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0181] a UE ID;
[0182] a data session ID;
[0183] data network (DN) information;
[0184] network slice information;
[0185] application information; and
[0186] user portal function information.
[0187] Because the data session establishment request can include one or more of the UE ID, the data session ID, DN information, network slice information, application information, and user portal function information, the UE can inform the first SMF to about which UE may access and / or manage data, which data session may be requested to be established, which DN the UE may want to access, which network slice the network may assign resources, which application the UE may use in this data session, and / or which user portal function the UE may request to connect, thereby enabling the first mobile network to establish a data connection between the UE and the first user portal function based on the information carried in the data session establishment request.
[0188] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the data session establishment response includes a UE container.
[0189] Because the data session establishment response can include the UE container, the UE may use the information in the UE container, e.g. one or more of data session ID, and QoS parameters, to know which data session is established and which QoS parameter (s) are included.
[0190] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the method further includes:
[0191] communicating with the first user portal function to establish a secured data connection between a UE and the first user portal function in the first mobile network.
[0192] By communicating with the first user portal function, the UE can establish a secured data connection between the UE and the first user portal function, thereby providing an interface for the user so that the user can use the interface to access and / or manage user’s data.
[0193] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, each of the one or more user data-related requests includes first user portal function information.
[0194] Because the user data-related request (s) can include first user portal function information, the first user portal function can be easily located based on the first user portal function information so that the message can be sent from the UE to the specified first user portal function, thereby requesting the first mobile network to fulfill the user request.
[0195] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the method further includes:
[0196] obtaining a user data transfer acknowledgment from the first user portal function, where the user data transfer acknowledgment is used for indicating a user data transfer is accepted.
[0197] By obtaining the user data transfer acknowledgment from the first user portal function, the UE can know that the user data transfer has been accepted. In this way, the UE can know that it is allowed to transfer some or all of user data from one mobile network to another mobile network.
[0198] According to a fourth aspect, a method for supporting data portability is described, where the method includes:
[0199] sending a user data transfer request to a first DWCF in a first mobile network via one or more of a first AN in the first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, where the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from the first mobile network to a second mobile network; and
[0200] obtaining a user data transfer response from the first DWCF via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected.
[0201] This solution can be performed by a UE. By sending the user data transfer request to the first DWCF in the first mobile network and obtaining the user data transfer response from the first DWCF, the UE can inform the first mobile network of transferring user data from one network to another network and obtain the result from the first mobile network. By using this solution, the first DWCF can provide an interface for users to transfer their data, and user-related data that have been collected and processed in the first mobile network. In this way, the interface can provide functionalities to support user data transfer in a convenient way, which improves the overall network performance.
[0202] In a possible implementation of the fourth aspect, the user data transfer request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0203] a UE ID;
[0204] a data action, which is data transfer;
[0205] data transfer destination information;
[0206] one or more data object types;
[0207] a data format;
[0208] data volume of each data object type;
[0209] an indication to delete user data after transferring; and
[0210] a time to execute the user data transfer request.
[0211] Because the user data transfer request can include one or more of the UE ID, the data action, which is data transfer, data transfer destination information, one or more data object types, the data format, data volume of each data object type, the indication to delete user data after transferring, and the time to execute the user data transfer request, the UE can inform the first DWCF about which UE may transfer data, the data action is data transfer, which destination the data may be requested to be transferred to, which data object type, data format, data volume the UE may request, and whether to delete user data after transferring. The first DWCF may try to fulfill the user data transfer request at the time to execute the user data transfer request, thereby the UE can request the first DWCF to implement the user data transfer from one network to another mobile.
[0212] In a possible implementation of the fourth aspect, the method further includes:
[0213] obtaining a user data transfer acknowledgment from the first DWCF, where the user data transfer acknowledgment is used for indicating a user data transfer is accepted.
[0214] By obtaining the user data transfer acknowledgment from the first DWCF, the UE can know that the user data transfer has been accepted. In this way, the UE can know that it is allowed to transfer some or all of its data from one mobile network to another mobile network.
[0215] According to a fifth aspect, a method for supporting data portability is described, where the method includes:
[0216] obtaining, by a CMF, a user data-related request from a UE via an AN, where the user data-related request is used for accessing and / or managing data;
[0217] forwarding, by the CMF, the user data-related request to a user portal function;
[0218] obtaining, by the user portal function, the user data-related request from the CMF;
[0219] sending, by the user portal function, a user data-related response to the CMF, where the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected; and
[0220] forwarding, by the CMF, the user data-related response to the UE via the AN.
[0221] This solution can be performed by a system in a network, for example a system in a mobile network including at least one or more of the UE, the AN, the CMF, the user portal function, and any other possible NFs. By exchanging the user data-related requests and the user data-related response between the UE and the mobile network, the mobile network can be informed of accessing and / or managing data and feed the result back to the UE. By using this solution, the user portal function can provide an interface for UE or user to access, retrieve, or remove their data, related user data that has been collected, processed by the mobile network. In this way, the interface can provide functionalities to support user data viewing, retrieval, transfer and deletion in a convenient way, which improves the overall network performance.
[0222] According to a sixth aspect, a method for supporting data portability is described, where the method includes:
[0223] obtaining, by a CMF, a user data transfer request from a UE via an AN, where the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from one mobile network to another mobile network;
[0224] forwarding, by the CMF, the user data transfer request to a DWCF;
[0225] obtaining, by the DWCF, a user data transfer request from the UE via the AN and the CMF;
[0226] sending, by the DWCF, a user data transfer response to the CMF, where the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected; and
[0227] forwarding, by the CMF, the user data transfer response to the UE via the AN.
[0228] This solution can be performed by a system in a network, for example a system in a mobile network including at least one or more of the UE, the AN, the CMF, the DWCF, and any other possible NFs. By exchanging the user data transfer request and the user data transfer response between the UE and the mobile network, the mobile network can be informed of transferring user data from one network to another network and feed the result back to the UE. By using this solution, the DWCF can provide an interface for users to transfer their data, related user data that has been collected, processed by the mobile network. In this way, the interface can provide functionalities to support user data transfer in a convenient way, which improves the overall network performance.
[0229] According to a seventh aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0230] According to an eighth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0231] According to a ninth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the third aspect, the fourth aspect, any possible implementation of the third aspect, or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the third aspect, the fourth aspect, any possible implementation of the third aspect, or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0232] According to a tenth aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.
[0233] According to an eleventh aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.
[0234] According to a twelfth aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the third aspect, the fourth aspect, any possible implementation of the third aspect, or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the third aspect, the fourth aspect, any possible implementation of the third aspect, or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect.
[0235] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0236] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include the memory.
[0237] The communication apparatus may be a terminal, a module in a terminal, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a terminal, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0238] According to a thirteenth aspect, a communication system is described. The communication system includes multiple communication apparatuses configured to perform the method according to any one of the possible designs of the above aspects or any possible implementation of the above aspects.
[0239] According to a fourteenth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method according to any one of the possible designs of the above aspects or any possible implementation of the above aspects.
[0240] According to a fifteenth aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method according to any one of the possible designs of the above aspects or any possible implementation of the above aspects.
[0241] According to a sixteenth aspect, this application provides a system including at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a UE of the present application, or an apparatus in (or at) a network device of the present application.
[0242] According to a seventeenth aspect, this application provides a method performed by a system including at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a UE of the present application, and an apparatus in (or at) a network device of the present application.
[0243] This application encompasses various implementations, including not only method implementations, but also other implementations such as apparatus implementations and implementations related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Implementations may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0244] The present disclosure provides method, apparatus, and system for supporting data portability. By obtaining one or more user data-related requests from a UE and sending a user data-related response to the UE, the first mobile network can be informed of accessing and / or managing data and feed the result back to the UE. By using this solution, the first user portal function can provide an interface for UE or user to access, retrieve, or remove their data, and user-related data that have been collected and processed in the first mobile network. In this way, the interface can provide functionalities to support user data viewing, retrieval, transfer and deletion in a convenient way, which improves the overall network performance.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0245] Reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings which show example implementations of the present disclosure, and in which:
[0246] FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a 6G system conceptual structure according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0247] FIG. 2 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a deployment of a 6G system according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0248] FIG. 3 shows a simplified schematic illustration of an example of an apparatus in a communication system according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0249] FIG. 4 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a mobile network architecture according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0250] FIG. 5 shows a simplified schematic illustration of an example of network architecture that employs enhanced 5G NFs according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0251] FIG. 6 shows a schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0252] FIG. 7 shows another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0253] FIG. 8 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0254] FIG. 9 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0255] FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of a user accessing user portal function of the mobile network via a second network according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0256] FIG. 11 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0257] FIG. 12 shows a schematic diagram of a user data transfer from first mobile network to second mobile network according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0258] FIG. 13 shows another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0259] FIG. 14 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure
[0260] FIG. 15 shows another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0261] FIG. 16 shows another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0262] FIG. 17 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0263] FIG. 18 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0264] FIG. 19 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0265] FIG. 20 shows another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0266] FIG. 21 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0267] FIG. 22 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0268] FIG. 23 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0269] FIG. 24 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0270] FIG. 25 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0271] FIG. 26 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0272] FIG. 27 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0273] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying figures, which form part of the present disclosure, and which show, by way of illustration, specific aspects of implementations of the present disclosure or specific aspects in which implementations of the present disclosure may be used. It is understood that implementations of the present disclosure may be used in other aspects and include structural or logical changes not depicted in the figures. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims.
[0274] An evolutionary solution of a 6G system architecture design and procedure design are described in the present application. The evolutionary solution is designed by enhancement of 5G system.
[0275] The proposed 6G network architecture has been designed with a few important principles and requirements: openness, trustworthiness, simplicity in standardization, scalability, rapid deployment of 6G networks and future-proofing.
[0276] The proposed 6G network architecture design applies modularization strategy, utilizes service-based (XaaS) concepts and network virtualization techniques.
[0277] For all of the procedure designs, we are trying modularization of procedures. A procedure of the 6G System may include some procedures that can be reused by other procedures. Such a reusable procedure is defined as a basic procedure.
[0278] A complex procedure can, thus, include multiple sequential or parallel basic procedures. It is expected that such methodology can simplify designs of procedures.
[0279] The 6G System leverages service-based architecture and XaaS concept. XaaS services in the 6G System are categorized into three layers. The 6G System conceptual structure is shown in FIG. 1.
[0280] Infrastructure Layer includes infrastructures supporting 6G services. Among them are wireless networks (Radio Access Network (RAN) , Core Network (CN) ) infrastructures, Cloud / data center infrastructures, satellite networks, storage / database infrastructures, and sensing networks. These infrastructures can be provided by a single provider or by multiple providers.
[0281] FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a 6G system conceptual structure according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. In details, in FIG. 1, each XaaS service is provided by identified 5G logical functions. In the evolutionary solution, a XaaS service can be provided with 5G enhancement by more than one approaches. The figure is only an example.
[0282] In the 6G System conceptual structure, the followings are illustrated.
[0283] -Network for AI (NET4AI) is a new type of service in 6G CN / RAN which enables network with the capability to conduct / execute AI training / inferencing task (s) . i.e., AI task (s) , by network-based computing and communication resources. In this application, the evolutionary solution to support NET4AI service by enhancing the network data analytics function (NWDAF) in 5G system are described.
[0284] -A NET4Data service provides a decentralized architecture for data stakeholders to collaboratively manage data lifecycle events. These data lifecycle events include data storage and data sharing. The data could be public, private, sensitive, and confidential. In the present application, the NET4Data service could be integrated into the 5GS, or could be enhanced by the 5GS.
[0285] -Data analysis and management (DAM) focus on different types of data: network data (e.g., data collected from network functions, XaaS service) , ISAC data (3GPP-based sensing data (e.g., from UE and RAN) , Non-3GPP-based sensing data (e.g., from Radar, LiDAR, WiFi Sensing) ) , sensor data (e.g., data from camera sensor, video sensor) , and other data (e.g., Digital user data, 3rd party data, synthetization data, and AI data) . DAM provides services for a variety of data consumers, e.g., XaaS service, 3rd party, NF, UE. 5G system logical functions for example: NWDAF, DCCF, and MFAF of control plane can be enhanced to support DAM service in an evolutionary solution.
[0286] -Network for Digital World (NET4DW) as a service provides the capability of intelligent integration / synthesis of information from the physical world and digital world (DW) . Customers of NET4DW can be individuals, industries, governments. The customers can have the capability of creation, control, and management of a variety of applications running in the DW such as virtual reality applications. DW services can be supported by enhancing 5G functions and adding new functions (e.g., an evolutionary solution) where necessary.
[0287] -Network for connectivity (NET4CON) as a service provides a capability to support exchange of messages and data among new 6G services. The basic capabilities of NET4CON include to manage logical topology among XaaS services and between 6G XaaS services and all types of 6G system customers, to introduce intelligent GWs for controlling dynamic forwarding based on configured procedure principle and to support anonymous interactions among these XaaS services and customers by the introduced intelligent GWs. The NET4CON service is provided by enhancement of 5G system.
[0288] -Mission Management (MM) as a Service provides a capability to program provisioning of XaaS services at Service Layer to provide mission services. A mission is to achieve a designated goal, known as mission goal, which includes providing PDU connectivity and optionally providing data processing. The MM services include the following: mission information management service, mission session management service, mission execution and access management service.
[0289] -Resource Management (RM) as a Service provides a capability of life-cycle management of a variety of slices and over-the-air resource assignment to wireless devices.
[0290] -Service Provisioning Management (SPM) as a Service provides a capability of control and management of 6G service access by customers and provisioning of requested services. The capability is provided by ID management, unified authentication, anonymous service authorization and key management.
[0291] -Connectivity Management (CM) as a service provides a capability of reachability management of 6G wireless devices and D-users in NET4DW in order to support connectivity establishment between wireless devices / D-Users and XaaS services of 6G System. Note that physical locations of D-Users can be changed. A CM service can be deployed across multiple BAS domains.
[0292] -Protocol as a Service provides a capability to design service customized protocol stacks for identified interfaces.
[0293] FIG. 2 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a deployment of a 6G system according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. In details, FIG. 2 is used to show one example of deployment of the 6G system in evolutionary solution.
[0294] The “+” represents “enhanced” , for example, the 5G AMF-Mobility function is enhanced, denoted as AMF-Mobility+, the 5G RRC function is enhanced, denoted as RRC+, the 5G Network Repository Function (NRF) is enhanced, denoted as NRF+, the 5G SMF is enhanced, denoted as SMF+, the 5G Network Exposure Function (NEF) is enhanced, denoted as NEF+, the 5G Authentication Server Function (AUSF) is enhanced, denoted as AUSF+, other enhanced functions are not described in detail herein.
[0295] C / M Radio Bearer (C / M RB) of a 6G device: over-the-air connection for carrying control signaling for over-the-air interface management and C / M plane messages. A 6G device can have multiple C / M RBs.
[0296] Data Radio Bearer (Data RB) of a 6G device: over-the-air connection for carrying Data plane traffic. A 6G device can have multiple Data RBs.
[0297] RB endpoint: endpoint of an RB at network side. An endpoint of an RB protocol stack (e.g., PDCP) can be in, e.g., a RAN BAS domain, but not limited to. In other words, an RB endpoint can be flexibly deployed / selected for a device.
[0298] RB handler: over-the-air interface protocol stack handler. An RB handler is defined as a logical function which perform RB protocol stack operations after getting configurations. A protocol handler is PDCP-only handler or whole protocol stack handler. An RB handler accepts RB configuration from Connectivity Management (CM) service. An RB handler also accepts security configuration, e.g., keying material, from Service Provisioning Management (SPM) service.
[0299] The NET4CON service which is main service impacting on 6G system architecture is implemented by enhanced 5G Service Communication Proxy (SCP+) as C / M plane GW and enhanced 5G User Plane Function (UPF+) as data plane GW. Proposed per device / D-User C / M session and data session are defined as logical connection between a device / D-User and its serving SCP+ (C / M-TW-GW) and serving UPF+ (Data-TW-GW) . All XaaS services are deployed across multiple BAS / clouds.
[0300] The 6G customer can be of various types, including a device (e.g., electronic device ED, terminal device) , apparatus, a chip, an equipment (e.g., user equipment) . For example, the customer may be an individual customer, a business customer. The 6G customer is used to connect persons, objects, machines. The 6G customer may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0301] Each 6G customer represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to but not limited to) as a UE or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus in (e.g. module, modem, or chip) or comprising the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation 6G customer may be referred to using other terms. When a 6G customer performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED, one or more module (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0302] FIG. 3 shows a simplified schematic illustration of an example of an apparatus in a communication system according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. In details, FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus 320 in a communication system (e.g., the 6G system in FIG. 2) . The apparatus 320 may be an electronic device (e.g. ED or other 6G customer) , a network node such as RAN, any components in RAN, CN or any Network Function of CN. As shown in FIG. 3, apparatus 320 may include at least one processor 260. Only one processor 260 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. The processor 260 may perform (or control the apparatus 320 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 320.
[0303] When the apparatus is RAN, components of the RAN or the apparatus is the UE, the apparatus 320 may further include a transmitter 252 and a receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0304] The apparatus 320 may include at least one memory 258. The memory 258 stores instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 258 may also stores data used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or implementations described herein and that are executed by one or more processor 260.
[0305] A person skilled in the art should understand that implementations of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only implementation, a software-only implementation, or an implementation with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0306] FIG. 4 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a mobile network architecture according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. In details, the network architecture to illustration the present application is shown in FIG. 4. The UE 410 of users, such as smart phone, cell phone, tablet, can be connected to the mobile network.
[0307] The AN 420 may provide wireless or wired interface, or both, for the UE 410 to connect with a DN 440, and NFs of the AN 420 and CN 430. The AN 420 may have radio management unit 4201, transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) points 4202 to support radio transmission and reception, and sensing functionalities.
[0308] The CN 430 may include one or more of following NFs.
[0309] CMF 4301: The CMF 4301 provide functionalities to support control plane (CP) signaling between the EDs, UE 410 and NFs in the CN 430. The CMF 4301 may also manage the mobility of ED and UE 410.
[0310] SMF 4302: The SMF 4302 provide CP functionalities to create and manage user plane or data plane connection between the ED, UE 410 and NFs, and between the ED, UE 410 and DN 440.
[0311] Data Storage Function (DSF) 4304: The DSF 4304 provides functionalities to store data of one or more of UE data, user data, NF data, application data, and network operation data, and any other types of data.
[0312] DMF 4303: The DMF 4303 provides functionalities to manage one or more of DSFs 4304. For example, some NF may send a data record of a data type to the DMF 4303, then the DMF 4303 may select a DSF instance to store certain types of data.
[0313] Policy Function (PF) 4305: The PF 4305 may create policies for different operation of network and provide policies to NFs, EDs, UEs 410, AN 420, DN 440.
[0314] Security Function (SF) 4306: The SF 4306 may provide one or more of authorization function, authentication function, and data security protection for one or more of UE 410, NF in the AN 420, NF in the CN 430, AN 420, and NF in the DN 440.
[0315] Location Management Function (LMF) 4308: The LMF 4308 may provide one or more of functionalities: detect the UE location, estimate the location UE, tracking the mobility of ED.
[0316] NER 4313: The NEF 4313 may provide functionalities for a network entity (NE) to register its NE profile so that other NEs can discover, select, and use the services of this NE.
[0317] Control Plane Gateway (CPGW) 4307: The CPGW 4307 may provide an interface for NFs in the DN 440 or other network to access the services provided by NFs of the mobile network.
[0318] Data Plane Function (DPF) 4314: The DPF 4314 may provide one or more of services: receiving data of UE 410 and NFs; processing the received data; forwarding the received data, sending processed data.
[0319] Data Plane Gateway (DPGW) 4318: The DP GW 4318 may provide an interface to send or receive data between the mobile network and other entities in the DN 440.
[0320] The mobile network may provide NFs to host or support DW applications. Some example of DW applications may include digital twin applications, metaverse applications, and other applications.
[0321] The following NFs may support DW applications.
[0322] Data Collection and Distribution Function (DCDF) 4309: The DCDF 4309 may provide one or more of following functionalities: Data collection from NEs, such as sensor, UE, NF in the mobile network, NF in the DN 440; data storage management for the collected data stored in one or more of Sensor Data Storage Function (SDSF) 4310; data distribution to other NFs that request the data.
[0323] DWCF 4311: Perform one or more of tasks to create and manage DW applications; manage the operation a DW applications.
[0324] Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AIML) model training function (MTF) 4316: The MTF 4316 may use the collected sensor data to derive AI or ML model to support DW applications.
[0325] Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AIML) model repository function (MRF) 4317: The MRF 4317 may provide one or more of following services: store the AIML models derived by the MTF 4316, and distribute AIML models to other NFs and UE 410.
[0326] OCRF 4312: The OCRF 4312 may provide one or more of services: store object context in real-time, and distribute object contexts to subscribed NFs.
[0327] Object context: e.g. UE context, NF context
[0328] DW Data Processing Function (DWDPF) 4315: The DWDPF 4315 may provide one or more of services:
[0329] -Get one or more of AIML models from the MRF 4317;
[0330] -Get the sensor data from UE 410 and NFs;
[0331] -Use one or more of AIML models or other methods to process the collected sensor data to detect the real world (RW) objects; convert the detected RW object into one or more DW objects, which are also called virtual world (VW) objects, that can be used by one or more DW applications;
[0332] -Run application software of DW applications;
[0333] -Generate actuator data for actuator devices: for example, video data for video game, patient monitoring video in hospitals, robot monitoring in smart factories, vehicle monitoring for intelligent transport system operator, lighting control in smart city or performance;
[0334] -Send actuator control command and data to actuator devices.
[0335] The DN 440 may host one or more applications, e.g. DW applications. The DW applications may be implemented by using DW Controller (DWC) and DW Application Server (AS) . The DWC may provide control functionalities. The DW AS may host application software of DW applications.
[0336] FIG. 5 shows a simplified schematic illustration of an example of network architecture that employs enhanced 5G NFs according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure, where the functionalities of the above NFs may be implemented by modifying NFs of 5G network as follows for example.
[0337] The 5G access and mobility management function may be enhanced (5G AMF+) 5301 to provide functionalities of the CMF.
[0338] The 5G session management function may be enhanced (5G SMF+) 5302 can be enhanced to provide functionalities of the SMF.
[0339] The 5G policy control function may be enhanced (5G PCF+) 5305 to provide functionalities of the PF.
[0340] The 5G network exposure function may be enhanced (5G NEF+) 5307 to provide functionalities of the CPGW.
[0341] The 5G network repository function may be enhanced (5G NRF+) 5312 to provide functionalities of the NER.
[0342] The 5G unified data management function may be enhanced (5G UDM+) 5303 to provide functionalities of the DMF.
[0343] The 5G unified data repository may be enhanced (5G UDR+) 5304 to provide functionalities of the SDSF.
[0344] The 5G Authentication Server Function may be enhanced (5G AUSF+) 5306 to provide functionalities of the SF.
[0345] The 5G Data Collection Coordination Function may be enhanced (5G DCCF+) 5311 to provide functionalities of the DCDF.
[0346] The 5G Location Management Function may be enhanced (5G LMF+) 5310 to provide functionalities of the LMF.
[0347] The 5G Service Communication Proxy may be enhanced (5G SCP+) 5309 to support the DWCF indirect communications with other CP functions.
[0348] Data plane functions:
[0349] The 5G User Plane Function may be enhanced (5G UPF+) 5313 to provide functionalities of the DPF, DWDPF, DP GW, and User Portal Function.
[0350] The 5G Analytics Data Repository Function may be enhanced (5G ADRF+) 5315 to provide functionalities of the OCRF, SDSF, MRF.
[0351] The Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) Model Training Logical Function (MTLF) 5316 may be enhanced (5G NWDAF-MTLF+) to provide functionalities of the MTF.
[0352] The details of the present disclosure will be elaborated in the following description.
[0353] While using applications in the Internet, the data of users may be stored in servers of application providers and network service providers. Some Internet services and cell phone operating system software provide users with tools to access, retrieve, transfer and delete user data by using web interfaces. The user data may be transferred over wireless or wired connections.
[0354] The user web interface is available for user to communicate with mobile network operator. However, the current 3GPP systems do not provide standardized functionalities to support user data viewing, retrieval, transfer and deletion.
[0355] This application discloses system and methods to support aspects of GDPR Right to data portability as at least one of the follows:
[0356] Solution for users of mobile network to access, retrieve, or remove his or her personal data, related user data that has been collected, processed by the mobile network.
[0357] Solution for users of mobile network to transfer personal data from a current serving mobile network to another.
[0358] FIG. 6 shows a schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. The method can be implemented by a first apparatus such as a first user portal function in a first mobile network. Optionally, the first apparatus could be other device that has similar function (for example, the first apparatus can be a computer machine in a data center, a communication module, or a chip, or any network element in the network) , which is not limited herein. The first apparatus could also be a whole device. As shown in FIG. 6, the method may include the following steps.
[0359] S610, obtaining one or more user data-related requests from a UE via one or more of a first AN in a first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, where the one or more user data-related requests are used for accessing and / or managing data.
[0360] S620, sending a user data-related response to the UE via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected.
[0361] In details, the first apparatus such as the first user portal function can obtain one or more user data-related requests from the UE and send the user data-related response to the UE. In some possible implementations, the UE may be integrated in or may be a mobile phone device, a laptop, a tablet, a computer, or any electronic devices. In some possible implementations, the UE may be integrated in or may be a dedicated or non-dedicated sensor or actuator, or both. A dedicated sensor may be a device that is specifically designed to perform one or more sensing tasks. A dedicated actuator may be a device that is specifically designed to perform one or more actuating tasks. A non-dedicated sensor may be a device that has both sensing and non-sensing functions. A non-dedicated actuator may be a device that has both actuating and non-actuating functions. Certainly, UE can also be presented as other forms such as a communication module, or a chip, which is not limited herein.
[0362] By exchanging the message (s) between the UE and the first mobile network, the first mobile network can be informed of accessing and / or managing data and feed the result back to the UE, where the first user portal function in the first mobile network can provide an interface for UE or user to access, retrieve, or remove their data, and user-related data that have been collected and processed in the first mobile network. In this way, the interface can provide functionalities to support user data viewing, retrieval, transfer and deletion in a convenient way, which improves the overall network performance. The data used herein can be personal health data, mobility history data, web access history, analytics data, network usage history, charging history, and so, which is not limited herein. In other words, the solutions of the present disclosure can be used for accessing and / or managing any data that needs to be accessed and / or managed.
[0363] In some possible implementations, each of the one or more user data-related requests may include one or more of a UE ID, a data action, a data object type, a data format, a start time of data and an end time of data, a location of data, a time to execute the user data-related request, data transfer destination information, and an indication to delete user data after transferring. In this way, the first user portal function can clearly know which UE may access and / or manage data, which data action, data object type, data format and / or time period of data the UE may request, which destination the data may be requested to be transferred to, and / or whether to delete user data after transferring, and may try to fulfill the user data-related request (s) at the time to execute the user data-related request (s) , thereby accommodating various application scenarios such as the application scenarios related to user data viewing, retrieval, transfer, deletion, and any other possible data-related actions.
[0364] Specifically, the UE ID may be any identifiers for identifying the UE. Based on the UE ID, the first user portal function can clearly know which UE may access and / or manage data. The data action indicates an action that the UE may request, the data action includes but not limited to one or more of: data viewing, data download, data forwarding, data deletion, data transfer, and any other data-related actions. Based on the data action, the first user portal function can clearly know which action the UE may request. The data object type indicates a type of data object that the UE may request, and the data object type includes but not limited to one or more of: personal health data, mobility history data, web access history, analytics data, network usage history, charging history, and any types of user data. From the data object type, the first user portal function can clearly know which data object type the UE may request. The data format indicates a format in which the UE desires the data object to be and may include but not limited to one or more of a human-readable format, a machine-readable format, a compressed format. Based on the data format, the first user portal function can clearly know which data format the UE may request. The start time of data and the end time of data define the time duration within which the data was collected or will be collected. A location of data may be the location that data was collected or will be collected. By having the start time and the end time of data and the location of data parameters, the first user portal function can know the data collected in which time period at which location is requested by the UE. The time to execute the user data-related request indicates the time when the user data-related request is executed; it may be a certain time of the day, or immediate execution. Based on the time to execute user data-related request, the first user portal function can know when the user data-related request is desired to be fulfilled, and may try to fulfill the user data-related request at the desired time. The data transfer destination information indicates a destination of data transfer and may include one or more of following parameters, but not limited, to a mobile network-2 ID (such as PLMN ID, NID) , a CPGW-2 address, and a user portal function-2 address (e.g. one or more of an IP address and a port number) . From the data transfer destination information, the first user portal function can clearly know which destination the data is requested to be transferred to. The indication to delete user data after transferring can indicate whether the user data needs to be deleted after being transferred; it may be a field in the message or the message itself may imply the indication and can be used as the indication. By having this indication, the first user portal function can clearly know whether the user data needs to be deleted after being transferred. By having the above parameters, the mobile network can get required information of user data-related request to fulfill the user data-related request as requested or desired by the UE, thereby accommodating various application scenarios such as the application scenarios related to user data viewing, retrieval, transfer, deletion, and any other possible data-related actions.
[0365] In some possible implementations, the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected. In details, a field in the user data-related response may be used as an indication for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected. Alternatively, the user data-related response itself may imply the indication and can be used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected. If the one or more user data-related requests are accepted, it means that the UE is allowed to access and / or manage data. If the one or more user data-related requests are rejected, it means that the UE is not allowed to access and / or manage data. The specific manner for the user data-related response to indicate whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected is not limited herein, the solutions of the present disclosure can be used for any manners for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected.
[0366] FIG. 8 shows another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. A procedure to allow the user to access and / or manage user’s data is illustrated in FIG. 8, which will be described later in detail. There are two main phases in this procedure. In the first phase from steps 801 to 812, the user requests the network to establish a data connection between the UE and the user portal function, which can provide an interface for the user to access and / or manage user’s data. In the second phase from steps 813 to 817, the user can use the user portal function to access and / or manage user’s data.
[0367] During the procedure that the user requests the network to establish a data connection between the UE and the user portal function, in order to establish the connection, in some possible implementations, the first user portal function may obtain a UP connection establishment request 808a from a first SMF in the first mobile network, where the UP connection establishment request is used for requesting an establishment of a UP connection between the first AN and a first user portal function in the first mobile network, and then, the first user portal function may send a UP connection establishment response 808b to the first SMF, where the UP connection establishment response is used for supporting the UP connection between the first AN and the first user portal function in the first mobile network. The UP connection is used in the UP connection establishment request and UP connection establishment response for user plane functions. The UP connection is connection between the AN and the user portal function. The data connection is connection between the UE and the user portal function. In this way, establishment of a UP connection between the first AN and the first user portal function can be supported, where the UP connection can provide an interface for a UE or user to access and / or manage the data, thereby assisting the UE or user to support user data viewing, retrieval, transfer and deletion in a convenient way, which improves the overall network performance. It is worth noting that, in some possible implementations, the first user portal function may be selected by the first SMF by using one or more of following methods: using local information stored in the first SMF, using first NER in the first mobile network to discover and user portal function; and using the information provided by the UE (e.g. user portal function address) .
[0368] In some possible implementations, the UP connection establishment request 808a may include one or more of a data session ID, a UE ID, a UE address, a UP session ID, and QoS parameters. The data session ID is for identifying the data session. The UE ID is for identifying which UE request to access and / or manage data. The UE address (e.g. one or more of an IP address and a port number) can be assigned by the first SMF for the UE to use during the data session. The UP session ID is for identifying UP session. The QoS parameters can include maximum data rate, average data rate, packet delay budget. In this way, the first mobile network can clearly learn which UE may establish connection, which QoS should be satisfied, thereby accommodating various application scenarios such as the application scenarios related to user data viewing, retrieval, transfer, deletion, and any other possible data-related actions.
[0369] In some possible implementations, the UP connection establishment response 808b may include one or more of a UP session ID, a UE address, and UL tunnel information (e.g. IP address, port number, and tunnel endpoint ID (TEID) ) . The first user portal function may assign a UE address for this data connection if the first SMF does not assign UE address, the UP session ID is used to identify UP session, the UP session is the communication link between the first SMF and the first user portal function, the UP session ID is a unique UP session ID assigned by the first user portal function if the first SMF does not assign the UP session ID. In this way, the first user portal function can ensure the UP connection is established even no UE address and / or the UP session ID is assigned by the first SMF.
[0370] Referring back to FIG. 8, during the procedure that the user requests the network to establish a data connection between the UE and the user portal function, in order to establish the connection, in some possible implementations, the first user portal function can obtain a UP connection modification request 812a from the first SMF, and send a UP connection modification response 812b to the first SMF. In some possible implementations, for a data connection that has been established, the first SMF can send the UP connection modification request to a function that is supporting this data connection. The UP connection modification request is used to modify a UP connection between the first AN and the first user portal function. In some possible implementations, the UP connection modification request 812a includes one or more of a data session ID, a UP session ID, and DL tunnel information of AN. In details, the data session ID is for indicating a numbering of data session that the UE requests the network to provide a data connection. The UP session ID is an identifier to identify all communications between the SMF 85 and the User Portal Function 88 to support the data connection represented by data session ID that the UE requests. The DL tunnel information can be IP address, port number, and tunnel endpoint ID (TEID) .
[0371] In this way, a modification of a UP connection between the first AN and the first user portal function can be achieved.
[0372] Then, in some possible implementations, the first user portal function can communicate with the UE to establish secured data connection between the UE and the first user portal function in the first mobile network, thereby providing an interface for the user so that the user can use the interface to access and / or manage user’s data.
[0373] Furthermore, after the connection is established, the user can use the user portal function to access and / or manage user’s data. During this procedure, the UE can send the user data-related request 814 to the first user portal function as illustrated in S610. Then, in some possible implementations, the first user portal function can send a user data request 816a to a first OCRF in the first mobile network, maybe according to a time, to execute the user data-related request 814, where the user data request 816a is used for requesting a management on the data, and the first user portal function can obtain the user data response 816b from the first OCRF. In this way, the first OCRF may fulfill the user data-related request 814 at the time to execute the user data-related request in response to the user data-related request.
[0374] In some possible implementations, the user data request 816a can include some or all of the information included in the user data-related request. . And in some possible implementations, the user data response 816b can be used for one or more of following tasks: presenting a data object in a human-readable format if the UE requests to view the data object; presenting a data object that is compressed in a human-readable format and / or a machine-readable format if the UE requests to download the data object; and presenting a deletion confirmation that a data object of data object type has been deleted if the UE requests to delete the data object type. Because the UE may desire to request different tasks, for example, viewing, downloading, and / or deleting the data object, the first user portal function can obtain different feedbacks in different formats in response to the user data-related request 814 and present the different feedbacks to UE. In this way, the first user portal function can obtain the processing results in response to the user data-related request, thereby learning a clear result and further sending the requested data to the UE or forwarding to other networks. Moreover, after the first user portal function obtains the user data response 816b from the first OCRF, if the message includes a data object that may require a different representation format such as human-readable or machine-readable format, the first user portal function may perform data conversion to the required data format that the UE or user can understand and is specified in the user-data-related request, so that the UE can read the processing result or presenting the processing result to the user.
[0375] In some possible implementations, the first OCRF may be selected to fulfill the one or more user data-related requests in on one or more of following manners: using local information of the first OCRF stored in a first user portal function, and using a first NER in the first mobile network to discover the first OCRF. For the manner of using a first NER in the first mobile network to discover the first OCRF, the first user portal function may send a NF profile request to the first NER. The message may include one or more of following parameters received from the UE: a UE ID, a data action, a data object type, a start time and end time of data. The message may include one or more of other parameters: a UE location, network slice information (e.g. single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) ) . The first NER may send one or more NF profiles of OCRF that match the parameters provided by the first user portal function. The user portal function may select one or more OCRF from the provided NF profiles, which can handle the user data-related request. In this way, different application scenarios can be adapted since the first OCRF may be selected in different manners such as by the first user portal function or NER, thereby expanding the applicability of method for supporting data portability.
[0376] The above describes a method for supporting data portability in terms of the first apparatus. Then a method for supporting data portability is described in terms of the second apparatus. In details, FIG. 7 shows another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. The method can be implemented by a second apparatus such as a UE. Optionally, the second apparatus could be other device that has similar function (for example, the first apparatus can be a computer machine in a data center, a communication module, or a chip, sensor, or actuator) , which is not limited herein. The first apparatus could also be a whole device. As shown in FIG. 7, the method may include the following steps.
[0377] S710, sending one or more user data-related requests to a first user portal function in a first mobile network via one or more of a first AN in the first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, where the one or more user data-related requests are used for accessing and / or managing data.
[0378] S720, obtaining a user data-related response from the first user portal function via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected.
[0379] In details, the second apparatus such as the UE can send one or more user data-related requests to a first user portal function in a first mobile network and obtain a user data-related response from the first user portal function. In some possible implementations, the UE may be integrated in or may be a mobile phone device, a laptop, a tablet, a computer, or any electronic devices. In some possible implementations, the UE may be integrated in or may be a dedicated or non-dedicated sensor or actuator, or both. A dedicated sensor may be a device that is specifically designed to perform one or more sensing tasks. A dedicated actuator may be a device that is specifically designed to perform one or more actuating tasks. A non-dedicated sensor may be a device that has both sensing and non-sensing functions. A non-dedicated actuator may be a device that has both actuating and non-actuating functions. Certainly, UE can also be presented as other forms such as a communication module, or a chip, which is not limited herein. By exchanging the message (s) between the UE and the first mobile network, the UE can inform the first mobile network of accessing and / or managing data and obtain the result from the first mobile network, where the first user portal function in the first mobile network can provide an interface for UE or user to access, retrieve, or remove their data, and user-related data that have been collected and processed in the first mobile network. In this way, the interface can provide functionalities to support user data viewing, retrieval, transfer and deletion, or any other data-related actions, in a convenient way, which improves the overall network performance. The data used herein can be personal health data, mobility history data, web access history, analytics data, network usage history, charging history, and any types of user data, which is not limited herein. In other words, any data that the user may request to access and / or manage by using the solutions of the present disclosure should fall within the scope of the present disclosure. For the details of the user data-related request and the user data-related response, reference can be made to S610 and S620.
[0380] Referring to FIG. 8 again, during the procedure that the user requests the network to establish a data connection between the UE and the user portal function, in order to establish the connection, in some possible implementations, the UE may send a data session establishment request (801a, 801b, 804) to a first SMF in the first mobile network via one or more of the first AN and the first CMF, where the data session establishment request is used for requesting to access the first user portal function, and the UE may obtain a data session establishment response (809, 810a, 810b) from the first SMF via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the data session establishment response is used for supporting the UP connection between the first AN and the first user portal function in the first mobile network. In this way, establishment of the UP connection between the first AN and the first user portal function can be supported, where the UP connection can provide an interface for a UE or user to access and / or manage the data, thereby assisting the UE or user to support user data viewing, retrieval, transfer and deletion in a convenient way, which improves the overall network performance. Then, in some possible implementations, the UE can communicate with the first user portal function to establish a secured data connection between a UE and the first user portal function in the first mobile network, thereby providing an interface for the user so that the user can use the interface to access and / or manage user’s data.
[0381] In some possible implementations, the data session establishment request can include one or more of a UE ID, a data session ID, DN information, network slice information, application information, and user portal function information. In details, the UE sends the data session establishment request to the CMF via the AN, where the data session establishment request includes one or more of the UE ID, the data session ID, the DN information, the network slice information, the application information, and the user portal function information. The UE ID is for identifying the UE. The data session ID is for identifying the data session. The DN information contains information of the DN that the UE may want to access, e.g. data network name (DNN) . The DN may be provided by the network operator or a third party. The network slice information contains the information of network slice of the network that the network may assign resources in this network slice to provide data connection for the UE. For example, S-NSSAI, NSI. The application information is for indicating which application the UE may use in this data session, e.g. user portal service. The user portal function information can be a user portal service request, the user portal function address, fully qualified domain name (FQDN) . Then the CMF may send the data session establishment request to the SMF. The message may include the above information received from the UE, and the UE location. The UE location is for indicating where the UE is located.
[0382] In this way, the UE can inform the first SMF about which UE may access and / or manage data, which data session may be requested to be established, which DN the UE may want to access, which network slice the network may assign resources, which application the UE may use in this data session, and / or which user portal function the UE may request to connect, thereby enabling the first mobile network to establish a data connection between the UE and the first user portal function based on the information carried in the data session establishment request.
[0383] In some possible implementations, the data session establishment response includes a UE container. In details, UE container includes one or more of data session ID, or QoS parameters, the data session ID identifying the established data session.
[0384] The following introduces a procedure to allow the user to access and manage user’s data as illustrated in FIG. 8, where the user accesses and manages user’s data over the data plane. As described above, there are two main phases in this procedure. In the first phase from steps 801 to 812, the user requests the network to establish a data connection between the UE 81 and the User Portal Function 88, which can provide an interface for the user to access to user’s data. In the second phase from steps 813 to 817, the user can use the user portal interface to access and manage user’s data.
[0385] The mobile network operation (MNO) may provide an application, called mobile network (MN) App, that can be downloaded and installed in the user device. The MN App may be configured with a menu that can generate messages to communicate with the network. The following information and messages can be implemented in the MN App or provided to the UE 81.
[0386] -User Portal Function information to access the User Portal Function 88, that may include one or more of following parameters: address of the User Portal Function 88 (e.g. IP address and port number) , a local DNS server address that can be used to locate the User Portal Function 88, Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of the User Portal Function 88, FQDN of the User Portal Function 88.
[0387] -User Portal network access information to create a data connection between the UE 81 and User Portal Function 88.The User Portal network access information may be configured in the UE 81 of user device. User Portal network access information may include one or more of following information: Network slice information (e.g. S-NSSAI, network slice instance (NSI) ID) which indicates network slice (s) that can support data connection to the User Portal Function 88, DNN which may indicate the data network that hosts the User Portal Function 88, and mapping of User Portal Function information to the User Portal network access information so that when the user uses the MN App, the UE 81 can detect the User Portal Function information and request the network to create data connection (s) in the assigned network resources.
[0388] Step 801a: The UE 81 may send a data session establishment request to the network via the AN 82 for the user to access the User Portal Function 88. The message may include one or more of following parameters:
[0389] -UE ID;
[0390] -Data session ID: the data session ID indicates a numbering of data session that the UE requests the network to provide a data connection;
[0391] -DN information: contain information of the DN that the UE 81 may want to access, e.g. data network name (DNN) . The DN may be provided by the network operator or a third party;
[0392] -Network slice information: contain the information of network slice of the network that the network may assign resources in this network slice to provide data connection for the UE 81. For example, S-NSSAI, NSI;
[0393] -Application information: to indicate which application the UE 81 may use in this data session, e.g. User Portal service;
[0394] -User Portal Function information: e.g. User Portal Service Request, the User Portal Function address, FQDN.
[0395] Step 801b: The AN 82 may forward the UE message to the CMF 83.
[0396] Step 802a: The CMF 83 may check whether the UE 81 is authorized to access the data network and / or services. The CMF 83 may send a UE subscription data request to the DMF 84 to obtain the UE subscription data if the CMF 83 does not have UE subscription data or some information related to User Portal Function access authorization. The message may include one or more of information:
[0397] -UE ID
[0398] -An indication to get relevant UE subscription data to establish data connection:
[0399] -One or more information received from the UE 81 in step 801b, e.g. data network information, network slice information, application information, User Portal Function information.
[0400] Step 802b: The DMF 84 may send a UE subscription data response that may contain one or more of following information (or one or more combinations of parameters) :
[0401] -UE ID;
[0402] -Information related to UE subscription data: one or more of DNNs that the UE 81 may access, one or more of S-NSSAI that the UE 81 may use, one or more of Application ID that the UE 81 may use, User Portal service accept (or reject) ;
[0403] -Service Area information: the location (s) that the UE 81 may access the application;
[0404] -Time information: The time the UE 81 may access the application.
[0405] Step 803: The CMF 83 may select an SMF 85 to create a data connection for the UE 81 to access the User Portal Function 88.
[0406] Step 804: The CMF 83 may send a data session establishment request to the SMF 85. The message may include the information received from the UE 81 in step 801b, and the UE location.
[0407] Step 805a: The SMF 85 may send a UE subscription data request to the DMF 84 if the SMF 85 does not have the UE subscription data. The message may include the UE ID and UE location.
[0408] Step 805b: The DMF 84 may send a UE subscription data response to the SMF 85. The message may include the UE subscription data. The UE subscription data may include the information related to services that the UE 81 can access. For example, one or more of following information may determine the services the UE 81 can access: a list of allowed DNN, a list of allowed network slices (e.g. a list of network slice selection assistance information (NSSAI) , a list of S-NSSAI, a list of NSI ID) , a list of application IDs, a list of service ID (s) , a list of FQDNs, User Portal service accept (or reject) . A combination of these parameters may indicate whether the UE 81 is allowed to access User Portal Function 88.
[0409] The SMF 85 may compare the UE provided information received from the CMF 83 in step 804 and the UE subscription data to determine whether the UE 81 is allowed to access User Portal Function 88, for example by comparing the provided DNN and the list of allowed DNNs, the provided network slice information (e.g. S-NSSAI) and the allowed network slices (e.g. the allowed S-NSSAI) , or by using User Portal service accept (or reject) indication.
[0410] Step 806a: If the UE 81 is allowed to access the User Portal Function 88, the SMF 85 may send a UE policy request to the PF 86. The message may include one or more parameters received from the CMF 83, including UE ID, network name, network slice information, service ID, application ID, User Portal Function information.
[0411] Step 806b: The PF 86 may send a UE policy response to the SMF 85. The message may include QoS policy, that may include one or more QoS parameters, including maximum data rate, average data rate, packet delay budget.
[0412] Step 807: The SMF 85 may select a User Portal Function 88 by using one or more of following methods: using local information stored in the SMF 85, using NER to discover and User Portal Function 88, using the information provided by the UE 81 (e.g. User Portal Function address) .
[0413] If the SMF 85 uses NER to discover User Portal Function 88, the SMF 85 may send a NF profile request to the NER. The message may include one or more of following parameters: data network information (e.g. DNN) , network slice information (e.g. S-NSSAI) , NF name (which is User Portal Function 88) , UE location, UE ID. The NER may use the information received from the SMF 85 to collect NF profiles of User Portal Function 88 that match the SMF request, and send the NF profiles of User portal Function 88 in a NF profile response to the SMF 85. The SMF 85 may select one User Portal Function 88 from the NF profiles provided by the NER.
[0414] Step 808a: The SMF 85 may send a UP connection establishment request to the selected User Portal Function 88. This message is to request the User Portal Function 88 to prepare its resources to support a data connection with another user plane entities, such as an AN 82. The data packets sent between the UE 81 and the User Portal Function 88 may be carried on this data connection. The message may include one or more of following parameters: Data session ID, UE ID, UE address, UP session ID, QoS parameters. The SMF 85 may assign a UE address (IP address and port number) for the UE 81 to use during this data session. The UP session ID is an identifier to identify all communications between the SMF 85 and the User Portal Function 88 to support the data connection represented by data session ID that the UE requests.
[0415] Step 808b: The User Portal Function 88 may send a UP connection establishment response to the SMF 85. This message may be used, for example to acknowledge the receipt of the message sent in step 8a, or to deliver information of the UP connection. The message may include one or more of parameters: UP session ID, UE address, UL tunnel information (e.g. IP address, port number, and tunnel endpoint ID (TEID) ) . If the SMF 85 does not assign UE address, the User Portal Function 88 may assign a UE address for this data connection. If the SMF 85 does not assign the UP session ID, the User Portal Function 88 may assign a unique UP session ID to identify the communication link between the SMF 85 and User Portal Function 88 related to the user data connection.
[0416] Step 809: The SMF 85 may send a data session establishment response to the CMF 83. The message may include a UE container, AN container, and CMF container. The UE container is to be sent to the UE 81; it may include one or more of data session ID, QoS parameters. The AN container is to be sent to the AN 82; it may include one or more of following parameters: UE ID, data session ID, QoS parameters, UL tunnel information. The CMF container is to be received by the CMF 83; it may include one or more of following parameters: UE ID, data session ID, data session accept indication.
[0417] The CMF 83 may use the information in the CMF container, e.g. data session accept indication, to know that the data session request of UE 81 is accepted, and corresponding serving SMF ID. The CMF 83 may store the information received from the UE 81 in step 801b, and the SMF ID.
[0418] Step 810a: The CMF 83 may send a data session establishment response to the AN 82. The message may include the AN container and UE container received from the SMF 85 in step 809.
[0419] Step 810b: The AN 82 receives the data session establishment response from the CMF 83. The AN 82 may send the UE container received from the SMF 85 to the UE 81. The AN 82 may use the information in the AN container to establish radio resources to support data transmission between the UE 81 and the AN 82.
[0420] Step 811a: The AN 82 may send a data session establishment acknowledgment to the CMF 83. The message may include data session ID, DL tunnel information (e.g. IP address, port number, and TEID) .
[0421] Step 811b: The CMF 83 may send a data session establishment acknowledgment to the SMF 85. The message contains the information received from the AN 82 in step 811a.
[0422] Step 812a: The SMF 85 may send a UP connection modification request to the User Portal Function 88. The message may include the data session ID, UP session ID, DL tunnel information of AN 82.
[0423] Step 812b: The User Portal Function 88 may send a UP connection modification response to the SMF 85 to acknowledge to receipt of message sent from the SMF 85 in step 812a.
[0424] Step 813: The UE 81 may communicate with the User Portal Function 88 to establish secured data connection between the UE 81 and User Portal Function 88.
[0425] Step 814: The UE 81 may send one or more user data-related requests to the User Portal Function 88 via the AN 82. The message may include one or more of following parameters:
[0426] -UE ID;
[0427] -data action: e.g., view, download, forward, delete, transfer;
[0428] -data object type: e.g. personal health data, mobility history data, web access history, analytics data, network usage history, charging history;
[0429] -data format: e.g. a human-readable format, a machine-readable format, a compressed format;
[0430] -start time and end time of data: the time the data was collected or will be collected;
[0431] -location of data: the location that data was collected or will be collected;
[0432] -Time to execute the user data-related request, e.g. at a certain time of the day, or immediate execution;
[0433] -data transfer destination information: e.g. mobile network-2 ID (such as PLMN ID, NID) , CPGW-2 address, User Portal Function-2 address (IP address and port number) ;
[0434] -An indication to delete user data after transferring.
[0435] The network may try to fulfill the user data-related request at the time to execute the user data-related request. The completion time may be after this time parameter.
[0436] Step 815: The User Portal Function 88 may select one or more OCRF 87 to fulfill the user data-related request. The User Portal Function 88 may use one or more of following methods to select OCRF 87.
[0437] -Using local information of OCRF 87 stored in the User Portal Function 88;
[0438] - Using NER to discover OCRF 87. The User Portal Function 88 may send a NF profile request to the NER. The message may include one or more of following parameters received from the UE 81: UE ID, data action, data object type, start time and end time of data. The message may include one or more of other parameters: UE location, network slice information (e.g. S-NSSAI) . The NER may send one or more NF profiles of OCRF 87 that match the parameters provided by the User Portal Function 88. The User Portal Function 88 may select one or more OCRFs 87 from the provided NF profiles that can handle the user data-related request.
[0439] The NF profile of OCRF 87 may contain one or more parameters, but not limited to:
[0440] -List of UE IDs;
[0441] -Service Location;
[0442] -Data actions that the OCRF 87 can support: e.g. viewing, retrieval, deletion, transferring;
[0443] -data object type;
[0444] -DNN;
[0445] -S-NSSAI;
[0446] Step 816a: The User Portal Function 88 may send a user data-related request to the selected OCRF 87. The message may be sent at the time to execute the user data-related request. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE ID, data action, data object type, data format, start time and end time of data, time to execute the user data-related request.
[0447] Step 816b: The OCRF 87 may send a user data response to the User Portal Function 88 according to the time to execute the user data-related request.
[0448] If the UE 81 requests to view user’s data object, the OCRF 87 presents the data object in a human-readable format and send the data object to the User Portal Function 88.
[0449] If the UE 81 requests to download the user’s data object, the OCRF 87 may present the data object in a format that may be human and / or machine-readable, the data object may be compressed. The OCRF 87 may send the data object to the User Portal Function 88.
[0450] If the UE 81 requests to delete the user’s data object type, the OCRF 87 may delete the data object (s) of data object type. The OCRF 87 may send a delete confirmation to the User Portal Function 88.
[0451] Step 817: The User Portal Function 88 receive the user data response from the OCRF 87. If the message includes data object that may require a different representation format such as human-readable or machine-readable format, the User Portal Function 88 may perform data conversion to the required data format specified in step 814.
[0452] The User Portal Function 88 may send a user data-related response to the UE 81 via the AN 82. The message may include data object received from the OCRF 87.
[0453] In some possible implementations, the user may access and / or manage user’s data over the control plane. Therefore, from the aspect of the first apparatus such as the first user portal function, in some possible implementations, when the first user portal function obtains one or more user data-related requests from the UE, each of the one or more user data-related requests can include first user portal function information in addition to one or more of an UE ID, a data action, a data object type, a data format, and a time to execute the user data-related request. The first user portal function information can be a user portal function ID, an address. In this way, the first user portal function can be easily located based on the first user portal function information so that the message can be sent from the UE to the specified first user portal function, thereby requesting the first mobile network to fulfill the user request.
[0454] In some possible implementations, the first portal function may communicate with a DMF to verify whether the UE is authorized to use the requested user data-related service or not. Specifically, the first portal function may send a UE subscription data request to a first DMF in the first mobile network, where the UE subscription data request is used for requesting the DMF to verify whether the UE is authorized to access the data, and the first portal function may obtain a UE subscription data response from the first DMF, where the UE subscription data response is used for indicating the UE is authorized to access the data or the UE is not authorized to access the data. That is, the first user portal function may send the UE subscription data request, instead of a first CMF, to the first DMF, and the first DMF may send the UE subscription data response to the first user portal function. In this way, the first user portal function is allowed to directly verify whether the UE is authorized to use the requested user data-related services.
[0455] Some messages, for example a user data request and a user data response, may be exchanged between the first user portal function and the first OCRF so that the first user portal function can obtain the user data from the first OCRF. And the first OCRF may be selected based on some methods. The procedure for exchanging messages and selecting OCRF is similar as described above, which is not repeated herein for brevity.
[0456] Moreover, from the aspect of the second apparatus such as the UE, in some possible implementations, when the UE sends one or more user data-related requests to the first user portal function, each of the one or more user data-related requests may include first user portal function information in addition to one or more of an UE ID, a data action, a data object type, a data format, and a time to execute the user data-related request. The first user portal function information can be a user portal function ID, an address. In this way, the first user portal function can be easily located based on the first user portal function information so that the message can be sent from the UE to the specified first user portal function, thereby requesting the first mobile network to fulfill the user request.
[0457] FIG. 9 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure, where the UE or user accesses and / or manages user’s data over the control plane.
[0458] Step 901a: The UE 91 may send a user data-related request to the AN 92. The message may include one or more of parameters:
[0459] -UE ID;
[0460] -data action: e.g., view, download, forward, delete;
[0461] -data object type: e.g. personal health data, mobility history data, web access history, analytics data, network usage history, charging history;
[0462] -data format: e.g. a human-readable format, a machine-readable format, a compressed format;
[0463] -User Portal Function information: e.g. User Portal Function ID, address;
[0464] -Time to execute the user data-related request.
[0465] Step 901b: The AN 92 may forward the user data-related request received from the UE 91 to the CMF 93.
[0466] Step 902a: The CMF 93 may send a UE data subscription request to the DMF 94. The request may be to check whether the UE 91 is authorized to access the user’s data. The message may include the UE ID, user data-related service request, requested data object type (s) , data action (s) , and time to execute the user data-related request.
[0467] Step 902b: The DMF 94 may send a UE data subscription response to the CMF 93. The message may include one or more of following parameters:
[0468] -Allowed data object types: e.g. personal health data, personal financial data, home monitoring data, UE mobility history, UE analytics;
[0469] -Allowed user data-related service (s) for each corresponding allowed data object type: e.g. access, view, download, remove, transfer;
[0470] -An indication “accept” or “reject” for each of user data-related request.
[0471] If the UE 91 is not allowed to use requested user data-related service, steps 903 to 907 are skipped.
[0472] Step 903: If the UE 91 is allowed to use the requested user data-related service, the CMF 93 may select a User Portal Function 96. The CMF 93 may select a User Portal Function 96 by using one or more of following methods: using local information stored in the CMF 93, using NER to discover and User Portal Function 96, and using the information provided by the UE 91 (e.g. User Portal Function address) .
[0473] If the CMF 93 uses the NER to discover User Portal Function 96, the CMF 93 may send a NF profile request to the NER. The message may include one or more of following parameters: data network information (e.g. DNN) , network slice information (e.g. S-NSSAI) , NF name (which is User Portal Function 96) , UE location, UE ID. The NER may use the information received from the CMF 93 to collect NF profiles of User Portal Function 96 that match the CMF request, and send the NF profiles of User Portal Function 96 in a NF profile response to the CMF 93. The CMF 93 may select one User Portal Function 96 from the NF profiles provided by the NER.
[0474] Step 904: The CMF 93 may forward the user data-related request to the selected User Portal Function 96.
[0475] Step 905: In some implementations, the CMF 93 may not perform step 902a. In some implementations, the User Portal Function 96 may send UE subscription data request, instead of CMF 93, to the DMF 94. The DMF 94 may send the UE subscription data response to the User Portal Function 96. This method allows the User Portal Function 96 to directly verify whether the UE 91 is authorized to use the requested user data-related services.
[0476] The User Portal Function 96 may select one or more OCRFs 95 to fulfill the user request. The selection of OCRF 95 may be similar to the methods disclosed in Step 815 of implementation as shown in FIG. 8.
[0477] Step 906a: The User Portal Function 96 may send a user data request to the selected. The message may be sent at the time to execute the user data-related request. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE ID, data action, data object type, data format, time to execute the user data-related request.
[0478] Step 906b: The OCRF 95 may send a user data response to the User Portal Function 96. The message may be sent at the time to execute the user data-related request, or X seconds (e.g. 30 second) before the time to execute the user data-related request.
[0479] If the UE 91 requests to view user’s data object, the OCRF 95 presents the data object in a human-readable format and send the data object to the User Portal Function 96.
[0480] If the UE 91 requests to download the user’s data object type, the OCRF 95 may present the data object in a format that may be human or machine-readable, the data object may be compressed. The OCRF 95 may send the data object to the User Portal Function 96.
[0481] If the UE 91 requests to delete the user’s data object type, the OCRF 95 may delete the data object. The OCRF 95 may send a delete confirmation to the User Portal Function 96.
[0482] Step 907: The User Portal Function 96 receives the user data response from the OCRF 95. If the message includes data object that may require a different representation format such as human-readable or machine-readable format, the User Portal Function 96 may perform data conversion to the required data format specified in the message received in step 904.
[0483] The User Portal Function 96 may send a user data-related response to the UE 91 via the CMF 93. The message may include data object received from the OCRF 95.
[0484] Step 908a: The CMF 93 may send the user data-related response received from the User Portal Function 96 to the UE 91 via the AN 92.
[0485] In some cases, if the UE 91 is not authorized to use the user data services, the CMF 93 may send a reject indication in the user data-related response.
[0486] Step 908b: The AN 92 may send the user data-related response to the UE 91.
[0487] Furthermore, FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of a user accessing user portal function of the mobile network via a second network according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. In some cases, the UE 101 or user may access the mobile network 102 via a second network 103 as illustrated in FIG. 10, for example the UE 101 or user may access a user portal function 1021 of the mobile network 102 via the second network 103. In some possible implementations, the first mobile network 102 may be the home mobile network of the UE 101. In some implementations, the second network 103 may be a WiFi access point, another visiting mobile network when UE 101 is not served by the home mobile network.
[0488] In this case, the UE 111 may access the User Portal Function 1131 of the mobile network 113 as shown in FIG. 11. FIG. 11 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure, where the UE or user may access and manage user’s data via a second network.
[0489] Step 1100: The UE 111 may access the User Portal Function 1131 of the mobile network 113 via the second network 112. The UE 111 may need to provide credentials in order to user the user data services.
[0490] The information carried in messages of other steps 1101, 1103a, 1103b, and 1104 may be similar to the information carried in the messages of steps 904, 906a, 906b, 907 of implementation as shown in FIG. 9, respectively.
[0491] The OCRF 1132 selection in step 1102 is similar to that in step 905 of implementation as shown in FIG. 9.
[0492] In some scenarios, the UE 111 or user may want to transfer some or all of user data to another network, for example from a mobile network-1 to a mobile network-2 as shown in FIG. 12, where FIG. 12 shows a schematic diagram of a user data transfer from first mobile network to second mobile network according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0493] In order to achieve the user data transfer, from the aspect of the first apparatus such as the first user portal function, in some possible implementations, the first user portal function may send an inter-network user data transfer request to a second user portal function in a second mobile network directly, or via one or more of a first CPGW in the first mobile network and a second CPGW in the second mobile network. The inter-network user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from the first mobile network to the second mobile network. And the user portal function may obtain an inter-network user data transfer response from the second user portal function directly, or via one or more of the second CPGW and the first CPGW. The inter-network user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted or rejected. In details, if the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted, it means that the user data is allowed to transfer from one network to another. If the inter-network user data transfer request is rejected, it means that the user data is not allowed to transfer from one network to another. In this way, the second mobile network can inform the first mobile network whether the user data transfer request from the users is accepted or rejected, so that the first mobile network can determine and notify the users whether they can transfer their data from a current serving mobile network to another.
[0494] Meanwhile, in some possible implementations, the user data-related request sent by the UE as illustrated in previous implementations may include a parameter which is a data action. The data action may indicate that the requested action by the UE is for transferring user data to the second mobile network. The inter-network user data transfer request may be sent in response to or may be triggered by the user data-related request. In details, when the first user portal function obtain one or more user data-related requests from the UE, each of the one or more user data-related requests can include one or more of following parameters, but not limited to: a UE ID; a data action: transfer, data transfer destination information: e.g. mobile network-2 ID (such as PLMN ID, NID) , CPGW-2 address, User Portal Function-2 address (IP address and port number) ; data object type (s) : e.g. personal health data, mobility history data, web access history, analytics data, network usage history, charging history; a data format: e.g. a human-readable format, a machine-readable format, a compressed format; an indication to delete user data after transferring: Yes or No; and a time to execute the user data-related request. Because the user data-related request can indicate the requested action by the UE is data transfer, the first user portal function can notify other NF (s) such as first CPGW in the first mobile network that the UE desires the user data transfer from one mobile network to another, thereby implementing data transfer requested by the UE.
[0495] As for the specific parameters contained in the inter-network user data transfer request, in some possible implementations, they can include one or more of following parameters, but not limited to: a UE ID, a data action which is data transfer, a data object type, data transfer source information, a data transfer destination, and a time to execute the user data-related request. The data action is data transfer which means the user data is required to be transferred between two networks. The data object type can be personal health data, mobility history data, web access history, analytics data, network usage history, charging history. The data transfer source information is for identifying the source in the first mobile network that transfers the user data. It may contain information of one or more of first user portal function (e.g. IP address, URL, FQDN) , first mobile network information (e.g. PLMN ID, NID) . The data transfer destination can be is for identifying the destination in the second mobile network. It may contain second mobile network ID (such as PLMN ID, NID) , second CPGW address, second user portal function address (IP address and port number) . The time to execute the user data-related request indicates the time when the user data-related request is executed. In this way, the first user portal function can inform other NF(s) such as first CPGW in the first mobile network and the second mobile network about the information they may require for implementing data transfer, such as which UE may transfer data, which data object type the UE may transfer, and may try to fulfill the inter-network user data transfer request at the time to execute the user data-related request, thereby accommodating various data object types during the data transfer.
[0496] As for the inter-network user data transfer response, in some possible implementations, a parameter in the inter-network user data transfer response can be used to indicate the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted or not. Alternatively, the inter-network user data transfer response itself may imply the indication and can be used to indicate the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted or not. If the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted, it means that the user data is allowed to transfer from one network to another. If the inter-network user data transfer request is rejected, it means that the user data is not allowed to transfer from one network to another. The specific manner for the inter-network user data transfer response to indicate the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted or not is not limited herein, any manner for indicating the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted or not should fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0497] Further, in some possible implementations, when the inter-network user data transfer response indicates the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted. The first user portal function sends a user data transfer acknowledgment to the UE, where the user data transfer acknowledgment is used for indicating a user data transfer is accepted. If the user data transfer is accepted, it means that the user data is allowed to transfer from one network to another. There is also situation that the inter-network user data transfer request is rejected. At this time, the first user portal function will not send the user data transfer acknowledgment to the UE but send a user data-related response including a reject indication to the UE, and then the UE can know that the request for the user data transfer is rejected.
[0498] Moreover, in some possible implementations, under the circumstance that the inter-network user data transfer response indicates the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted, and optionally, under the circumstance that the first user portal function has sent the user data transfer acknowledgment to the UE for indicating the user data transfer is accepted, the first user portal function may obtain the user data to be transferred and deliver to the second mobile network.
[0499] Some messages, for example a user data request and a user data response, may be exchanged between the first user portal function and the first OCRF so that the first user portal function can obtain the user data from the first OCRF. And the first OCRF may be selected based on some methods. The procedure for exchanging messages and selecting OCRF is similar as described above, which is not repeated herein for brevity.
[0500] After obtaining the user data to be transferred from the first OCRF, the first user portal function may send an inter-network user data delivery request to the second user portal function directly, or via one or more of the first CPGW and the second CPGW. The inter-network user data delivery request is used for transferring the user data from the first mobile network to the second mobile network. The first user portal function may obtain an inter-network user data delivery response from the second user portal function directly, or via one or more of the second CPGW and the first CPGW. The inter-network user data delivery response is used for acknowledging a completion of user data delivery. In some possible implementations, the inter-network user data delivery request can include one or more of a UE ID, first user portal function information, a data transfer destination, a data action which is data transfer, a data object type, and user data. Therefore, under the circumstance that the first user portal function has known that it is allowed to transfer some or all of user data from one network to another network (for example, from the first mobile network to the second mobile network) , it can send an inter-network user data delivery request to the second user portal function and obtain an inter-network user data delivery response from the second user portal function. In this way, the first user portal function can inform the NF (s) in the first mobile network and second mobile network about the information they may require for implementing data transfer, such as which UE may transfer data, which data object type the UE may request, which user data the UE may transfer, which user portal function the user data may be transferred from, thereby implementing transfer of the user data smoothly. In some possible implementations, the user data may not be delivered successfully for some reasons. At this time, the inter-network user data delivery response may be used for indicating user data delivery is not completed. Further, the first user portal function can send a user data-related response including a reject indication to the UE, and then the UE can know that the user data delivery is not completed.
[0501] Furthermore, in order to achieve the user data transfer, from the aspect of the second apparatus such as the UE, in some possible implementations, the UE can obtain a user data transfer acknowledgment from the first user portal function, where the user data transfer acknowledgment is used for indicating a user data transfer is accepted. Certainly, this is because the first user portal function has obtained the inter-network user data transfer response from the second mobile network that can indicate the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted. There is also situation that the inter-network user data transfer request is rejected. At this time, the UE will not receive the user data transfer acknowledgment from the first user portal function, but receive a user data related response including a reject indication, and then the UE can know that the request for the user data transfer is rejected.
[0502] FIG. 13 shows another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. The method can be implemented by a system including a CMF and a user portal function. The user portal function can be the first apparatus as described in FIG. 6. As shown in FIG. 12, the method may include the following steps.
[0503] S1310, obtaining, by a CMF, a user data-related request from a UE via an AN, where the user data-related request is used for accessing and / or managing data.
[0504] S1320, forwarding, by the CMF, the user data-related request to a user portal function.
[0505] S1330, obtaining, by the user portal function, the user data-related request from the CMF.
[0506] S1340, sending, by the user portal function, a user data-related response to the CMF, where the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected.
[0507] S1350, forwarding, by the CMF, the user data-related response to the UE via the AN.
[0508] Some messages, for example the user data-related request and the user data-related response, may be exchanged between the UE, the AN, the CMF, and the user portal function so that the mobile network can be informed of accessing and / or managing data and feed the result back to the UE, where the user portal function in the mobile network can provide an interface for UE or user to access, retrieve, or remove their data, related user data that has been collected, processed by the mobile network. In this way, the interface can provide functionalities to support user data viewing, retrieval, transfer and deletion in a convenient way, which improves the overall network performance. The procedure for exchanging messages and other steps (such as selecting OCRF or other steps not shown herein) is similar as described above, and the details for these steps can be referred to the previous implementations, which are not repeated herein for brevity.
[0509] FIG. 14 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure, which describes a procedure for supporting user data transfer from a network to another network using data plane.
[0510] Step 1401: This step can be implemented by using steps 801 to 813 of implementation as shown in FIG. 8. After these steps, the UE 141 has data connections to the User Portal Function-1 1427.
[0511] Step 1402: The UE 141 may send one or more user data-related requests to the User Portal Function-1 1427 via the AN-1 1421. The message may include one or more of following parameters:
[0512] -UE ID
[0513] -data action: transfer
[0514] -data transfer destination information: e.g. mobile network-2 ID (such as PLMN ID, NID) , CPGW-2 address, User Portal Function-2 address (IP address and port number) .
[0515] -data object type (s) : e.g. personal health data, mobility history data, web access history, analytics data, network usage history, charging history.
[0516] -data format: e.g. a human-readable format, a machine-readable format, a compressed format.
[0517] -Indication to delete user data after transferring: Yes or No.
[0518] -time to execute the user data-related request
[0519] Step 1403a: The User Portal Function-1 1427 may send an inter-network data transfer request to the data transfer destination, which is User Portal Function-2 1432 via the CPGW-1 1428. The message may include the UE ID, data action (transfer) , data object type, data transfer source information, data transfer destination, time to execute the user data-related request.
[0520] The data transfer source information is to identify the source in mobile network-1 that transfers the user data. It may contain information of one or more of User Portal Function-1 1427 (e.g. one or more of an IP address, a port number, a URL, and a FQDN) , mobile network-1 information (e.g. one or more of a PLMN ID, a NID) .
[0521] Step 1403b: The CPGW-1 1428 may establish a secure data connection with the CPGW-2 1431. The CPGW-1 1428 may send the inter-network data transfer request to the CPGW-2 1431, together with network ID of mobile network-1 (e.g. PLMN ID-1, NID-1) , an inter-network transaction ID.
[0522] Step 1403c: The CPGW-2 1431 may send the inter-network data transfer request to the User Portal Function-2 1432.
[0523] Step 1404a: The User Portal Function-2 1432 may send a UE subscription data request to the DMF-2 1434. The message is to verify whether the UE 141 is authorized to transfer user’s data to the mobile network-2. The message may have one or more of following parameters: UE ID, data transfer source (e.g. PLMN ID-1) , data action (transfer) , data transfer destination (mobile network-2 ID (such as PLMN ID, NID) , User Portal Function-2 address (IP address and port number) . Data object type (s) (e.g. personal health data, mobility history data, web access history, analytics data, network usage history, charging history) , and data format.
[0524] Step 1404b: The DMF-2 1434 may check whether the UE 141 has data subscription that allows the data transfer with required parameters. The DMF-2 1434 may send a UE subscription data response to the User Portal Function-2 1432. The message may include an indication to accept or reject the data transfer request.
[0525] Step 1405: If the UE 141 is authorized to transfer the user data, the User Portal Function-2 1432 may select an OCRF-2 1433 to receive the user data of UE 141.
[0526] Step 1406a: The User Portal Function-2 1432 may send an inter-network user data transfer response to the CPGW-2 1431. The message may include an accept or reject indication whether the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted or rejected, respectively. The message may include the information of User Portal Function-1 1427 and mobile network-1 that the message is to be sent to. The message may include the inter-network transaction ID received in step 1403c so that the CPGW-2 1431 may identify the data transfer source received in step 1403b.
[0527] Step 1406b: The CPGW-2 1431 sends the received inter-network user data transfer response to the CPGW-1 1428. The message may include the inter-network transaction ID received in step 1403b.
[0528] Step 1406c: The CPGW-1 1428 sends the received inter-network user data transfer response to the User Portal Function-1 1427.
[0529] If the User Portal Function-1 1427 receives a reject indication, steps 1407 to 1412c are skipped. In step 1413, the User Portal Function-1 1427 may send a user data-related response towards the UE 141. The message includes a reject indication. The UE 141 is not authorized to transfer user data to the mobile network-2.
[0530] Step 1407: If the user data transfer request is accepted, the User Portal Function-1 1427 may send a user data transfer acknowledgment towards the UE 141. The message may include an accept indication of user data transfer.
[0531] Step 1408: The User Portal Function-1 1427 may select an OCRF-1 1426.
[0532] Step 1409a: The User Portal Function-1 1427 may send a user data request to the selected OCRF-1 1426. The message may be sent at the time to execute the user data-related request or X seconds earlier. The message may include one or more of following parameters that received from the UE 141: UE ID, data object type (s) : e.g. personal health data, mobility history data, web access history, analytics data, network usage history, charging history; data format: e.g. a human-readable format, a machine-readable format, a compressed format; delete user data after transferring (Yes or No) , time to execute the user data-related request.
[0533] Step 1409b: The OCRF-1 1426 may fulfill the user data-related request. The fulfillment may be performed at the time to execute the user data-related request. The OCRF-1 1426 may send a user data response to the User Portal Function-1 1427. The message may include the requested user data. The user data may be sent in one or more of data container.
[0534] Step 1410a: The User Portal Function-1 1427 may send an inter-network user data delivery request to the CPGW-1 1428. The message may include one or more of the following parameters: The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE ID, User Portal Function-1 information (e.g. NF ID, address) , data transfer destination (e.g. address of User Portal Function-2 1432, CPGW-2 1431) , data action (data transfer) , data object type, user data which may be carried in one or more of data container that received in step 1409b, User Portal Function-1 1427 (e.g. NF ID, address) .
[0535] Step 1410b: From the data transfer destination information received in step 1410a, the CPGW-1 1428 may identify the address of CPGW-2 1431. The CPGW-1 1428 may send an inter-network user data delivery request to the CPGW-2 1431. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE ID, Source Network information (e.g. the PLMN ID, or NID of mobile network-1) , User Portal Function-1 information (e.g. NF ID, address) , data transfer destination (e.g. address of User Portal Function-2 1432) , data action (data transfer) , data object type, user data which may be carried in one or more of data container, the inter-network transaction ID created in step 1403b.
[0536] Step 1410c: The CPGW-2 1431 may send an inter-network user data delivery request to the User Portal Function-2 1432. The message may contain one or more parameters received in step 1410b, including: UE ID, Source Network information (e.g. the PLMN ID, or NID of mobile network-1) , User Portal Function-1 information (e.g. NF ID, address) , data action (data transfer) , data object type, user data which may be carried in one or more of data container.
[0537] Step 1411a: The User Portal Function-2 1432 may send an inter-network user data storage request to the OCRF-2 1433. The message may include one or more parameters received in step 1410c: UE ID, Source Network information (e.g. the PLMN ID, or NID of mobile network-1) , User Portal Function-1 information (e.g. NF ID, address) , data action (data transfer) , data object type, user data which may be carried in one or more of data container.
[0538] Step 1411b: The OCRF-2 1433 may store the received user data and other information. The OCRF-2 1433 may send to the User Portal Function-2 1432 an inter-network user data storage response to acknowledge the receipt of message sent in step 1411a. The message may include User Portal Function-1 information (e.g. NF ID, address) , Mobile Network-1 information (e.g. the PLMN ID, or NID of mobile network-1) , an acknowledgement.
[0539] Step 1412a: The User Portal Function-2 1432 may send an inter-network user data delivery response towards the User Portal Function-1 1427 via CPGW-2 1431. The message may include User Portal Function-1 information (e.g. NF ID, address) , Mobile Network-1 information (e.g. the PLMN ID, or NID of mobile network-1) , an acknowledgement for processing user data.
[0540] Step 1412b: The CPGW-2 1431 may send an inter-network user data delivery response towards the User Portal Function-1 1427 via CPGW-1 1428. The message may include one or more of following parameters: User Portal Function-1 information (e.g. NF ID, address) , an acknowledgement for processing user data.
[0541] Step 1412c: The CPGW-2 1431 may send the inter-network user data delivery response received from the CPGW-2 1431 to the User Portal Function-1 1427.
[0542] Step 1413: The User Portal Function-1 1427 may send a user data-related response towards the UE 141 via the CMF-1 1422 and AN-1 1421 to acknowledge the completion of the UE’s user-data-related request received in step 1402.
[0543] In some implementations, the User Portal Function-1 1427 may directly communicate with the User Portal Function-2 1432. In step 1403a, the User Portal Function-1 1427 may send the inter-network user data transfer request message to the User Portal Function-2 1432 directly. In step 1406a, the User Portal Function-2 1432 may send the inter-network user data transfer response message to the User Portal Function-1 1427 directly. In step 1410a, the User Portal Function-1 1427 may send the inter-network user data delivery request message to the User Portal Function-2 1432 directly. In step 1412a, the User Portal Function-2 1432 may send the inter-network user data delivery response message to the User Portal Function-1 1427 directly.
[0544] In some implementations, the User Portal Function-1 1427 may indirectly communicate with the User Portal Function-2 1432 via one or more of the CPGW-1 1428 and CPGW-2 1431. For example, the inter-network user data transfer request may be sent from User Portal Function-1 1427 to the CPGW-1 1428 in step 1403a, and to the User Portal Function-2 1432 in step 1403b.
[0545] FIG. 15 shows another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. The method can be implemented by a third apparatus such as a first DWCF in a first mobile network. Optionally, the third apparatus could be other device that has similar function (for example, the third apparatus can be a computer machine in a data center, a communication module, or a chip, or any network element in the network) , which is not limited herein. The third apparatus could also be a whole device. As shown in FIG. 15, the method may include the following steps. FIG. 15 describes a procedure for supporting user data transfer from a network to another network through control plane.
[0546] S1510, obtaining a user data transfer request from a UE via one or more of a first AN in a first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, where the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from the first mobile network to a second mobile network.
[0547] S1520, sending a user data transfer response to the UE via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected. If the user data transfer request is accepted, it means that the user data has been transferred from one network to another. If the user data transfer request is rejected, it means that the user data has not been transferred from one network to another.
[0548] In details, the third apparatus such as the first DWCF can obtain a user data transfer request from a UE and send a user data transfer response to the UE, the first mobile network can be informed of transferring user data from one network to another network (for example, from the first mobile network to the second mobile network) and feed the result back to the UE. For the details of the UE, reference can be made to the previous implementations. By exchanging the message (s) between the UE and the first mobile network, the first mobile network can be informed of data transferring and provide the result back to the UE. The first DWCF can provide an interface for users to transfer their data and user-related data that have been collected and processed in the first mobile network. In this way, the user data can be transferred to another. The user data herein can be user avatar, digital assets, personal health data, mobility history data, web access history, analytics data, and any types of user data, which is not limited herein.
[0549] In some possible implementations, the user data transfer request may include one or more of a UE ID, a data action which is data transfer, data transfer destination information, one or more data object types, a data format, data volume of each data object type, an indication to delete user data after transferring, and a time to execute the user data transfer request. By receiving the information or parameters carried in the user data transfer request, the first DWCF can clearly know which UE may transfer data, the data action is data transfer, which destination the data may be requested to be transferred to, which data object type, data format, data volume the UE may request, and whether to delete user data after transferring. The first DWCF may try to fulfill the user data transfer request at the time to execute the user data transfer request, thereby implementing the user data transfer from one network to another mobile.
[0550] Specifically, the UE ID may be any identifiers for identifying the UE. Based on the UE ID, the first DWCF can clearly know which UE may transfer data. The data action can be data transfer, from which the first DWCF can clearly know the UE may transfer data. The data transfer destination information can indicate a destination of data transfer and may include one or more of following parameters, but not limited to: a PLMN ID of target mobile network, CPGW-2 address (e.g. one or more of an IP address and a port number) . From the data transfer destination information, the first DWCF can clearly know which destination the data is requested to be transferred to. The data object type indicates a type of data object that the UE requests. The data object type includes one or more of following types, but not limited to, user avatar, digital assets, personal health data, mobility history data, web access history, analytics data, and any types of user data. Based on data object type, the first DWCF can clearly know which data object type the UE may transfer. The data format indicates a format in which the UE desires the data object to be. The data format may include but not limited to one or more of a human-readable format, a machine-readable format, a compressed format. Based on the data format, the first DWCF can clearly know in which format the UE desires the data object to transfer. The indication to delete user data after transferring can indicate whether the user data needs to be deleted after being transferred; it may be a field in the message or the message itself may imply the indication and can be used as the indication. By having this indication, the first DWCF can clearly know whether the user data needs to be deleted after being transferred. The time to execute the user data transfer request indicates the time when the user data transfer is requested to be executed. It may be a certain time of the day, or immediate execution Based on this parameter, the first DWCF can clearly know when the user data transfer request is desired to be fulfilled, and may try to fulfill the user data transfer request at the desired time. Based on the above parameters, the mobile network can get required information of user data transfer to fulfill the user data transfer request as requested or desired by the UE.
[0551] In some possible implementations, the first DWCF can send a user data transfer completion message to a first OCRF in the first mobile network, where the user data transfer completion message is used for notifying the first OCRF that user data is to be deleted if the UE requested to remove the user data after the requested user data has been transferred to the second mobile network. In details, by sending a user data transfer completion message to a first OCRF in the first mobile network, the first OCRF can be notified that the user data may be deleted if the UE requested to remove user data after the requested user data has been transferred to another network.
[0552] In some possible implementations, the first DWCF can send an inter-network user data transfer request to a second DWCF in the second mobile network directly, or via one or more of a first CPGW in the first mobile network and a second CPGW in the second mobile network, where the inter-network user data transfer request is used for requesting the user data transfer from the first mobile network to the second mobile network, and obtain an inter-network user data transfer response from the second DWCF directly, or via one or more of the second CPGW and the first CPGW, where inter-network user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected. In details, after obtaining the user data transfer request, the first DWCF can send the inter-network user data transfer request to the second DWCF and obtain the inter-network user data transfer response from the second DWCF, so that the second DWCF can inform the first DWCF whether the data transfer is allowed and then notify the UE so that the UE can prepare to perform the next operations.
[0553] In some possible implementations, the inter-network user data transfer response can indicate the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted. At this time, the first DWCF can send a user data transfer acknowledgment to the UE, where the user data transfer acknowledgment is used for indicating a user data transfer is accepted. Certainly, this is because the first DWCF has obtained the inter-network user data transfer response from the second mobile network that can indicate the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted. There is also situation that the inter-network user data transfer request is rejected. At this time, the first DWCF will not send a user data transfer acknowledgment to the UE but the user data transfer response sent in the step S1520 may include a reject indication to the UE, and then the UE can know that the request for the user data transfer is rejected.
[0554] In some possible implementations, the first DWCF may obtain the user data to be transferred from an OCRF. Specifically, the first DWCF can send a user data request to a first OCRF in the first mobile network, maybe according to a time, to execute the user data transfer request, where the user data request is used for requesting a transfer of one or more user objects, and the first DWCF may then obtain one or more user data responses from the first OCRF. In details, by sending a user data request to a first OCRF in the first mobile network according to a time to execute the user data transfer request and obtaining the user data response (s) from the first OCRF, the user data request may be sent at the time to execute the user data-related request or several seconds earlier. In this way, the first OCRF may fulfill the user data transfer request at the time to execute the user data transfer request in response to the user data transfer request.
[0555] In some possible implementations, the first DWCF may select a first OCRF in the first mobile network by using NF discovery service of a first NER in the first mobile network. In this way, a suitable OCRF can be select to fulfill the user data request at the time to execute the user data-related request.
[0556] In some possible implementations, the user data request can include one or more of a UE ID, a data object type, a data format, a time to execute the user data-related request, and an indication to delete user data after transferring. In details, because the user data request can include one or more of a UE ID, a data object type, a data format, a time to execute the user data-related request, and an indication to delete user data after transferring, the first DWCF can inform the first OCRF about which UE may manage the data, which data action and / or data object type the UE desires to request, which data format the requested data may have, whether to delete user data after transferring, when the time to execute the user data-related request, which improves the efficiency of the data management.
[0557] In some possible implementations, the one or more user data responses can include the requested one or more user data objects. In details, because the user data response (s) can include the requested one or more user data objects, for example in a data container, the user data object (s) can be distributed to the first DWCF so that the first DWCF can send the user data, maybe in one or more data containers, to the NFs in the second mobile network for implementing the data transfer. It is worth noting that, in some possible implementations, if the user data volume is large, the first OCRF may send more than 1 user data response messages, each message may carry a part of user data, until all the user data is transferred of the first OCRF.
[0558] Moreover, in some possible implementations, under the circumstance that the inter-network user data transfer response can indicate the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted, and optionally, under the circumstance that the first DWCF has sent the user data transfer acknowledgment to the UE for indicating the user data transfer is accepted, the first DWCF can send an inter-network user data delivery request to a second DWCF directly, or via one or more of a first CPGW and a second CPGW, where the inter-network user data delivery request is used for transferring user data from the first mobile network to the second mobile network, and the first DWCF can obtain an inter-network user data delivery response from the second DWCF directly, or via one or more of the second CPGW and the first CPGW, where the inter-network user data delivery response is used for acknowledging a completion of transferring user data. In some possible implementations, the inter-network user data delivery request can include one or more of an UE ID, data transfer destination network information, a data action which is data transfer, a data object type, data volume of data object type, and user data, maybe in one or more data containers. By receiving the information included in the inter-network user data delivery request , the first DWCF can inform the NF (s) in the first mobile network and second mobile network about the information they may require for implementing data transfer, such as which UE may transfer data, which destination the data may be requested to be transferred to, the data action is data transfer, which data object type the UE may request, which data volume the data object type may have, thereby implementing transfer of the user data smoothly. In some possible implementations, the user data may not be delivered successfully for some reasons. At this time, the inter-network user data delivery response may be used for indicating user data delivery is not completed. Further, the first DWCF can send a user data transfer response including a reject indication to the UE, and then the UE can know that the user data delivery is not completed.
[0559] The above describes a method for supporting data portability in terms of the third apparatus. Then a method for supporting data portability is described in terms of the fourth apparatus. In details, FIG. 16 shows another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. The method can be implemented by a fourth apparatus such as a UE. Optionally, the fourth apparatus could be other device that has similar function (for example, the fourth apparatus can be a computer machine in a data center, a communication module, or a chip, sensor, or actuator) , which is not limited herein. The fourth apparatus could also be a whole device. As shown in FIG. 16, the method may include the following steps.
[0560] S1610, sending a user data transfer request to a first DWCF in a first mobile network via one or more of a first AN in the first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, where the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from the first mobile network to a second mobile network.
[0561] S1620, obtaining a user data transfer response from the first DWCF via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected. The details of this implementation can be referred to the implementation of FIG. 15.
[0562]
[0563] FIG. 17 shows another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. The method can be implemented by a system including a CMF and a DWCF. The DWCF can be the third apparatus as described in FIG. 15. As shown in FIG. 17, the method may include the following steps.
[0564] S1710, obtaining, by a CMF, a user data transfer request from a UE via an AN, where the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from one mobile network to another mobile network.
[0565] S1720, forwarding, by the CMF, the user data transfer request to a DWCF.
[0566] S1730, obtaining, by the DWCF, a user data transfer request from the UE via the AN and the CMF.
[0567] S1740, sending, by the DWCF, a user data transfer response to the CMF, where the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected.
[0568] S1750, forwarding, by the CMF, the user data transfer response to the UE via the AN.
[0569] Some messages, for example the user data transfer request and the user data transfer response, may be exchanged between the UE, the AN, the CMF, and the DWCF so that the mobile network can be informed of transferring user data from one network to another network and feed the result back to the UE. In this way, the DWCF can provide an interface for users to transfer their data, related user data that has been collected, processed by the mobile network, and the interface can provide functionalities to support user data transfer in a convenient way, which improves the overall network performance. The procedure for exchanging messages and other steps (such as selecting OCRF or other steps not shown herein) is similar as described above, and the details for these steps can be referred to the previous implementations, which are not repeated herein for brevity.
[0570] FIG. 18 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for supporting data portability according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0571] Step 1801a: The UE 181 may send a user data transfer request to the source mobile network via the AN-1 1821. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE ID, data action (data transfer request) , data transfer destination information (e.g. PLMN ID of target mobile network, CPGW-2 address (e.g. IP address and port number) ) , data object type (s) (e.g. avatar, digital assets, personal health data, mobility history data, web access history, analytics data) , data format (e.g. a human-readable format, a machine-readable format, a compressed format) , an indication to delete user data after transferring (Yes or No) , time to execute the user data transfer request.
[0572] Step 1801b: The AN-1 1821 may forward the user data transfer request to the CMF-1 1822.
[0573] Step 1802: The CMF-1 1822 may select a DWCF-1 1823 to fulfill the user request. The CMF-1 1822 may select the same DWCF-1 1823 that has provided DW services for the UE 181. The CMF-1 1822 forwards the user data transfer request to the selected source DWCF-1 1823.
[0574] Step 1803a: The DWCF-1 1823 may check whether the UE subscription allows the user data transfer service. If the user data transfer service is included in the UE subscription, the DWCF-1 1823 may select a CPGW-1 1825 to perform the user data transfer service. The DWCF-1 1823 may use the NER-1 for discovery and selection of CPGW-1 1825. For example, the DWCF-1 1823 may send a NF profile request to the NER, the message may include some information received from the UE 181, such as UE ID, data transfer service request, data transfer destination (e.g. PLMN ID of the mobile network 2, CPGW-2 address) , data object type, data volume. The DWCF-1 1823 may obtain the data volume by checking the user data stored in a storage function, such as OCRF-1 1824. The NER-1 may send profiles of CPGW-1 1825 to perform user data transfer. The DWCF-1 1823 then may select a CPGW-1 1825 from the received NF service profiles of CPGW. The DWCF-1 1823 may send an inter-network user data transfer request to the CPGW-1 1825. The message includes the UE ID, data action (data transfer request) , data transfer destination information (e.g. PLMN ID of mobile network 2, CPGW-2 address, DWCF-2 address) , data object type (s) (e.g. avatar, digital assets, personal health data, mobility history data, web access history, analytics data) , data format, data volume of each data object type, time to execute user data transfer request.
[0575] Step 1803b: The CPGW-1 1825 may use the data transfer destination information to identify (or select) a CPGW-2 1831 of the target mobile network. The CPGW-1 1825 may establish a secure data connection with the CPGW-2 1831. The CPGW-1 1825 sends the inter-network user data transfer request to the selected CPGW-2 1831. The message may include one or more of the UE ID, data action (data transfer request) , data transfer source information (e.g. PLMN ID of source mobile network) , data object type (s) (e.g. avatar, digital assets, personal health data, mobility history data, web access history, analytics data) , data format, time to execute user data transfer request.
[0576] Step 1803c: The CPGW-2 1831 may receive the inter-network user data transfer request from CPGW-1 1825. The CPGW-2 1831 may select a DWCF-2 1832 to handle the inter-network user data transfer request. The CPGW-2 1831 may send the inter-network data transfer request to the DWCF-2 1832.
[0577] Step 1804: The DWCF-2 1832 may check whether the UE 181 has user subscription that allows the data transfer with required parameters. The DWCF-2 1832 may send a UE subscription data request to the DMF-2, which is similar to that described in step 1404a of FIG. 14. The DMF-2 may send a UE subscription data response to the DWCF-2 1832, which is similar to that described in step 1404b of FIG. 14
[0578] Step 1805: If the UE 181 is authorized to transfer the user data, the DWCF-2 1832 may select an OCRF-2 1833 to store the user data of UE 181.
[0579] Step 1806a: The DWCF-2 1832 may send an inter-network user data transfer response to the CPGW-2 1831. The message may include an accept or reject indication whether the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted or rejected, respectively.
[0580] Step 1806b: The CPGW-2 1831 sends the received inter-network user data transfer response to the CPGW-1 1825.
[0581] Step 1806c: The CPGW-1 1825 sends the received inter-network user data transfer response to the DWCF-1 1823.
[0582] If the DWCF-1 1823 receives a reject indication, steps 1807 to 1812c are skipped.
[0583] Step 1807: If the user data transfer request is accepted, the DWCF-1 1823 sends a user data transfer acknowledgment towards the UE 181. The message may include an accept indication of user data transfer.
[0584] Step 1808: The DWCF-1 1823 may select an OCRF-1 1824, for e.g. by using NF discovery service of the NER-1, or by using pre-configured information stored in the DWCF-1 1823.
[0585] Step 1809a: The DWCF-1 1823 may send a user data request to the selected OCRF-1 1824. The message may be sent at the time to execute the user data-related request or earlier, e.g. 10 seconds earlier. The message may include one or more parameters that received from the UE 181: UE ID, data object type (s) : e.g. user avatar, digital assets, personal health data, mobility history data, web access history, analytics data, network usage history, charging history; data format: e.g. a human-readable format, a machine-readable format, a compressed format; delete user data after transferring (Yes or No) , time to execute the user data-related request.
[0586] Step 1809b: The OCRF-1 1824 may fulfill the user data request. The fulfillment may be performed at the time to execute the user data-related request. The OCRF-1 1824 may send a user data response to the DWCF-1 1823. The message may include the requested user data, e.g. in one or more data containers.
[0587] If the user data volume is large, the OCRF-1 1824 may send more than 1 user data response messages, each message may carry a part of user data, until all the user data is transferred out of the OCRF-1 1824.
[0588] Step 1810a: The DWCF-1 1823 sends an inter-network user data delivery request to the CPGW-1 1825. The message may include one or more of the following parameters: UE ID, data transfer destination network information (e.g. PLMN ID of mobile network 2, CPGW-2 address, DWCF-2 address) , data action (data transfer) , data object type, data volume of data object type, user data which may be carried in one or more of data container, that received in step 1809b.
[0589] Step 1810b: From the data transfer destination information received in step 10a, the CPGW-1 1825 may identify the address of CPGW-2 1831. The CPGW-1 1825 may send an inter-network user data delivery request to the CPGW-2 1831. The message may include: UE ID, Source Network information (e.g. the PLMN ID, or NID of mobile network 1) , data transfer destination (e.g. address of DWCF-2 1832) , data action (data transfer) , data object type, user data which may be in one or more of data containers.
[0590] Step 1810c: The CPGW-2 1831 may send the received inter-network user data delivery request to the DWCF-2 1832. The message may contain parameters received in step 1810b, including: UE ID, Source Network information (e.g. the PLMN ID, or NID of mobile network 1) , data action (data transfer) , data object type, user data which may be carried in one or more of data container.
[0591] Step 1811a: The DWCF-2 1832 may send an inter-network user data storage request to the OCRF-2 1833. The message may include parameters received in step 1810c: UE ID, Source Network information (e.g. the PLMN ID, or NID of mobile network 1) , data action (data transfer) , data object type, user data which may be carried in one or more of data container.
[0592] Step 1811b: The OCRF-2 1833 may store the received user data and other information. The OCRF-2 1833 may send to the DWCF-2 1832 an inter-network user data storage response to acknowledge the receipt of message sent in step 1811a.
[0593] Step 1812a: The DWCF-2 1832 may send an inter-network user data delivery response to the CPGW-2 1831. The message may include source mobile network-1 information (e.g. the PLMN ID, or NID of mobile network 1, DWCF-1 address, CPGW-1 address) , an acknowledgement for successful receipt of user data.
[0594] Step 1812b: The CPGW-2 1831 may send an inter-network user data delivery response to the CPGW-1 1825. The message may include an acknowledgement for completing the transfer of user data.
[0595] Step 1812c: The CPGW-1 1825 may send the inter-network user data delivery response received from the CPGW-2 1831 to the DWCF-1 1823.
[0596] Step 1813: The DWCF-1 1823 may send a user data transfer response towards the UE 181 via the CMF-1 1822 and AN-1 1821 to acknowledge the completion of the UE’s user data transfer request received in step 1802. The UE 181 receives this message and considers that the user’s data has been transferred to the new mobile network successfully.
[0597] If the DWCF-1 1823 receives a reject indication in step 1806c, in step 1813, the DWCF-1 1823 may send a user data transfer response towards the UE 181. The message may include a reject indication. The UE 181 is not authorized to transfer user data to the target mobile network.
[0598] The DWCF-1 1823 may send another user data transfer completion message to the OCRF-1 1824 to notify the OCRF-1 1824 that the user data may be deleted if the UE 181 requested to remove user data after the requested user data has been transferred to the mobile network 2.
[0599] In some implementations, the DWCF-1 1823 may communicate with the DWCF-2 1832 directly, it means not via the CPGW-1 1825 and CPGW-2 1831. For example, in step 1803a, the DWCF-1 1823 may send the inter-network user data transfer request to the DWCF-2 1832 directly. In step 1806a, the DWCF-2 1832 may send the inter-network user data transfer response to the DWCF-1 1823 directly. In step 1810a, the DWCF-1 1823 may send the inter-network user data delivery request to the DWCF-2 1832 directly. In step 1806a, the DWCF-2 1832 may send the inter-network user data delivery response to the DWCF-1 1823 directly.
[0600] In some implementations, the DWCF-1 1823 may communicate with the DWCF-2 1832 indirectly via one or more of the CPGW-1 1825 and CPGW-2 1831. For example, the DWCF-1 1823 may send the inter-network user data transfer request to the DWCF-2 1832 via one or more of the CPGW-1 1825 and CPGW-2 1831.
[0601] A possible implementation of the present disclosure provides a communication apparatus 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600 configured to perform the method according to any one of the above methods, which is not repeated herein.
[0602] FIG. 19 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 19, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 1900 includes: an obtaining unit 1910, configured to: obtain one or more user data-related requests from a UE via one or more of a first AN in a first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, where the one or more user data-related requests are used for accessing and / or managing data; and an sending unit 1920, configured to: send a user data-related response to the UE via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected.
[0603] FIG. 20 shows another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 20, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 2000 includes: a sending unit 2010, configured to: send one or more user data-related requests to a first user portal function in a first mobile network via one or more of a first AN in the first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, where the one or more user data-related requests are used for accessing and / or managing data; and an obtaining unit 2020, configured to obtain a user data-related response from the first user portal function via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected.
[0604] FIG. 21 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 21, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 2100 includes: an obtaining unit 2110, configured to: obtain a user data transfer request from a UE via one or more of a first AN in a first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, where the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from the first mobile network to a second mobile network; and a sending unit 2120, configured to send a user data transfer response to the UE via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected.
[0605] FIG. 22 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 22, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 2200 includes: a sending unit 2210, configured to: send a user data transfer request to a first DWCF in a first mobile network via one or more of a first AN in the first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, where the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from the first mobile network to a second mobile network; and an obtaining unit 2220, configured to: obtain a user data transfer response from the first DWCF via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected.
[0606] FIG. 23 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 23, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 2300 includes: one or more processors 2310; and an interface circuit 2320, configure to: obtain one or more user data-related requests from a UE via one or more of a first AN in a first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, where the one or more user data-related requests are used for accessing and / or managing data, and send a user data-related response to the UE via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected.
[0607] FIG. 24 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 24, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 2400 includes: one or more processors 2410; and an interface circuit 2420, configure to: send one or more user data-related requests to a first user portal function in a first mobile network via one or more of a first AN in the first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, where the one or more user data-related requests are used for accessing and / or managing data, and obtain a user data-related response from the first user portal function via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected.
[0608] FIG. 25 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 25, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 2500 includes: one or more processors 2510; and an interface circuit 2520, configure to: obtain a user data transfer request from a UE via one or more of a first AN in a first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, where the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from the first mobile network to a second mobile network, and send a user data transfer response to the UE via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected.
[0609] FIG. 26 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 26, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 2600 includes: an interface circuit 2620, configure to: obtain a first frequency and first sensing information; and one or more processors 2610, configure to: send a user data transfer request to a first DWCF in a first mobile network via one or more of a first AN in the first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, where the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from the first mobile network to a second mobile network, and obtain a user data transfer response from the first DWCF via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, where the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected.
[0610] In a possible implementation, the interface circuit 2320, 2420, 2520, 2620 includes one or more transceivers 23210, 24210, 25210, 26210.
[0611] FIG. 27 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 27, a possible implementation of the present disclosure provides an apparatus 2700 including: one or more processors 2710; and a memory 2720 storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of the above methods, which is not repeated herein.
[0612] A possible implementation of the present disclosure provides a communication system, where the communication system includes multiple communication apparatuses configured to perform the method according to the above method as described in FIG. 13.
[0613] A possible implementation of the present disclosure provides another communication system, where the communication system includes multiple communication apparatuses configured to perform the method according to the above method as described in FIG. 17.
[0614] A possible implementation of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method according to any one of the above methods, which is not repeated herein.
[0615] A possible implementation of the present disclosure provides a computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method according to any one of the above methods, which is not repeated herein.
[0616] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative implementations, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative implementations, as well as other implementations of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0617] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular implementations may also or instead be implemented in other implementations. Method implementations, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product implementations. In addition, although implementations are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A method for supporting data portability, comprising:obtaining one or more user data-related requests from a user equipment (UE) via one or more of a first access network (AN) in a first mobile network and a first connection management function (CMF) in the first mobile network, wherein the one or more user data-related requests are used for accessing and / or managing data; andsending a user data-related response to the UE via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, wherein the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein each of the one or more user data-related requests comprises one or more of following parameters:a UE identifier (ID) ;a data action;a data object type;a data format;a start time of data and an end time of data;a location of data;a time to execute the user data-related request;data transfer destination information; andan indication to delete user data after transferring.3.The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:obtaining a user plane (UP) connection establishment request from a first session management function (SMF) in the first mobile network, wherein the UP connection establishment request is used for requesting an establishment of a UP connection between the first AN and a first user portal function in the first mobile network; andsending a UP connection establishment response to the first SMF, wherein the UP connection establishment response is used for supporting the UP connection between the first AN and the first user portal function in the first mobile network.4.The method according to claim 3, wherein the UP connection provides a connection to an interface for a user to access and / or manage the data.5.The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the UP connection establishment request comprises one or more of following parameters:a data session ID;a UE ID;a UE address;a UP session ID; andquality of service (QoS) parameters.6.The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the UP connection establishment response comprises one or more of following parameters:a UP session ID;a UE address; anduplink (UL) tunnel information.7.The method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, further comprising:obtaining a UP connection modification request from a first SMF, wherein the UP connection modification request is used for requesting a modification of a UP connection between the first AN and a first user portal function; andsending a UP connection modification response to the first SMF, wherein the UP connection modification response is used for acknowledging a receipt of the UP connection modification.8.The method according to claim 7, wherein the UP connection modification request comprises one or more of following parameters:a data session ID;a UP session ID; anddownlink (DL) tunnel information of AN.9.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising:communicating with the UE to establish a secured data connection between the UE and a first user portal function in the first mobile network.10.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein each of the one or more user data-related requests comprises first user portal function information.11.The method according to claim 10, further comprising:sending a UE subscription data request to a first data management function (DMF) in the first mobile network, wherein the UE subscription data request is used for checking whether the UE is authorized to access the data; andobtaining a UE subscription data response from the first DMF, wherein the UE subscription data response is used for indicating the UE is authorized to access the data or the UE is not authorized to access the data.12.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising:sending an inter-network user data transfer request to a second user portal function in a second mobile network directly, or via one or more of a first control plane gateway (CPGW) in the first mobile network and a second CPGW in the second mobile network, wherein the inter-network user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from the first mobile network to the second mobile network; andobtaining an inter-network user data transfer response from the second user portal function directly, or via one or more of the second CPGW and the first CPGW, wherein the inter-network user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted or rejected.13.The method according to claim 12, wherein each of the one or more user data-related requests comprises a parameter which is a data action, wherein the data action indicates that the requested action by the UE is for transferring user data to the second mobile network, and the inter-network user data transfer request is sent in response to the user data-related request.14.The method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the inter-network user data transfer request comprises one or more of:a UE ID;a data action which is data transfer;a data object type;data transfer source information;a data transfer destination; anda time to execute the user data-related request.15.The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the inter-network user data transfer response indicates the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted, and the method further comprises:sending a user data transfer acknowledgment to the UE, wherein the user data transfer acknowledgment is used for indicating a user data transfer is accepted.16.The method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the inter-network user data transfer response indicates the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted, and the method further comprises:sending an inter-network user data delivery request to the second user portal function directly, or via one or more of the first CPGW and the second CPGW, wherein the inter-network user data delivery request is used for transferring the user data from the first mobile network to the second mobile network; andobtaining an inter-network user data delivery response from the second user portal function directly, or via one or more of the second CPGW and the first CPGW, wherein the inter-network user data delivery response is used for acknowledging a completion of user data delivery.17.The method according to claim 16, wherein the inter-network user data delivery request comprises one or more of the following parameters:a UE ID;first user portal function information;a data transfer destination;a data action, which is data transfer;a data object type; anduser data.18.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, further comprising:sending a user data request to a first object context repository function (OCRF) in the first mobile network according to a time to execute the user data-related request, wherein the user data request is used for requesting a management on the data; andobtaining the user data response from the first OCRF.19.The method according to claim 18, wherein the user data request comprises one or more of following parameters:a UE ID;a data action;a data object type;a data format;a time to execute the user data-related request; andan indication to delete user data after transferring.20.The method according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the user data response is used for one or more of following tasks:presenting a data object in a human-readable format if the UE requests to view the data object;presenting a data object that is compressed in a human-readable format and / or a machine-readable format if the UE requests to download the data object; andpresenting a deletion confirmation that a data object of data object type has been deleted if the UE requests to delete the data object type.21.The method according to any one of claims 18 to 20, further comprising:performing a data conversion to a required data format specified in the user data-related request if the user data response comprises data object that requires a different representation format.22.The method according to any one of claims 18 to 21, further comprising:selecting the first OCRF to fulfill the one or more user data-related requests based on one or more of following:using local information of the first OCRF stored in a first user portal function; andusing a first network entity repository (NER) in the first mobile network to discover the first OCRF.23.A method for supporting data portability, comprising:obtaining a user data transfer request from a user equipment (UE) via one or more of a first access network (AN) in a first mobile network and a first connection management function (CMF) in the first mobile network, wherein the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from the first mobile network to a second mobile network; andsending a user data transfer response to the UE via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, wherein the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected.24.The method according to claim 23, wherein the user data transfer request comprises one or more of following parameters:a UE identifier (ID) ;a data action, which is data transfer;data transfer destination information;one or more data object types;a data format;data volume of each data object type;an indication to delete user data after transferring; anda time to execute the user data transfer request.25.The method according to claim 23 or 24, further comprising:sending a user data transfer completion message to a first object context repository functions (OCRF) in the first mobile network, wherein the user data transfer completion message is used for notifying the first OCRF that user data is to be deleted if the UE requested to remove the user data after the requested user data has been transferred to the second mobile network.26.The method according to any one of claims 23 to 25, further comprising:sending an inter-network user data transfer request to a second digital world control function (DWCF) in the second mobile network directly, or via one or more of a first control plane gateway (CPGW) in the first mobile network and a second CPGW in the second mobile network, wherein the inter-network user data transfer request is used for requesting the user data transfer from the first mobile network to the second mobile network; andobtaining an inter-network user data transfer response from the second DWCF directly, or via one or more of the second CPGW and the first CPGW, wherein inter-network user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected.27.The method according to claim 26, wherein the inter-network user data transfer response indicates the inter-network user data transfer request is accepted, and the method further comprises:sending a user data transfer acknowledgment to the UE, wherein the user data transfer acknowledgment is used for indicating a user data transfer is accepted.28.The method according to any one of claims 23 to 27, further comprising:selecting a first OCRF in the first mobile network by using network function (NF) discovery service of a first network entity repository (NER) in the first mobile network.29.The method according to any one of claims 23 to 28, further comprising:sending a user data request to a first OCRF in the first mobile network according to a time to execute the user data transfer request, wherein the user data request is used for requesting a transfer of one or more user objects; andobtaining one or more user data responses from the first OCRF.30.The method according to claim 29, wherein the user data request comprises one or more of following parameters:a UE ID;a data object type;a data format;a time to execute the user data-related request; andan indication to delete user data after transferring.31.The method according to claim 29 or 30, wherein the one or more user data responses comprises the requested one or more user data objects.32.The method according to any one of claims 23 to 31, further comprising:sending an inter-network user data delivery request to a second DWCF directly, or via one or more of a first CPGW and a second CPGW, wherein the inter-network user data delivery request is used for transferring user data from the first mobile network to the second mobile network; andobtaining an inter-network user data delivery response from the second DWCF directly, or via one or more of the second CPGW and the first CPGW, wherein the inter-network user data delivery response is used for acknowledging a completion of transferring user data.33.The method according to claim 32, wherein the inter-network user data delivery request comprises one or more of following parameters:a UE ID;data transfer destination network information;a data action which is data transfer;a data object type;data volume of data object type; anduser data.34.A method for supporting data portability, comprising:sending one or more user data-related requests to a first user portal function in a first mobile network via one or more of a first access network (AN) in the first mobile network and a first connection management function (CMF) in the first mobile network, wherein the one or more user data-related requests are used for accessing and / or managing data; andobtaining a user data-related response from the first user portal function via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, wherein the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected.35.The method according to claim 34, wherein each of the one or more user data-related requests comprises one or more of following parameters:a user equipment (UE) identifier (ID) ;a data action;a data object type;a data format;a start time of data and an end time of data;a location of data;a time to execute the user data-related request;data transfer destination information; andan indication to delete user data after transferring.36.The method according to claim 34 or 35, further comprising:sending a data session establishment request to a first session management function (SMF) in the first mobile network via one or more of the first AN and the first CMF, wherein the data session establishment request is used for requesting to access the first user portal function; andobtaining a data session establishment response from the first SMF via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, wherein the data session establishment response is used for supporting the UP connection between the first AN and the first user portal function in the first mobile network.37.The method according to claim 36, wherein the data session establishment request comprises one or more of following parameters:a UE ID;a data session ID;data network (DN) information;network slice information;application information; anduser portal function information.38.The method according to claim 36 or 37, wherein the data session establishment response comprises a UE container.39.The method according to any one of claims 34 to 38, further comprising:communicating with the first user portal function to establish a secured data connection between a UE and the first user portal function in the first mobile network.40.The method according to any one of claims 34 to 39, wherein each of the one or more user data-related requests comprises first user portal function information.41.The method according to any one of claims 34 to 40, further comprising:obtaining a user data transfer acknowledgment from the first user portal function, wherein the user data transfer acknowledgment is used for indicating a user data transfer is accepted.42.A method for supporting data portability, comprising:sending a user data transfer request to a first digital world control function (DWCF) in a first mobile network via one or more of a first access network (AN) in the first mobile network and a first connection management function (CMF) in the first mobile network, wherein the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from the first mobile network to a second mobile network; andobtaining a user data transfer response from the first DWCF via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, wherein the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected.43.The method according to claim 42, wherein the user data transfer request comprises one or more of following parameters:a UE identifier (ID) ;a data action, which is data transfer;data transfer destination information;one or more data object types;a data format;data volume of each data object type;an indication to delete user data after transferring; anda time to execute the user data transfer request.44.The method according to claim 42 or 43, further comprising:obtaining a user data transfer acknowledgment from the first DWCF, wherein the user data transfer acknowledgment is used for indicating a user data transfer is accepted.45.A method for supporting data portability, comprising:obtaining, by a connection management function (CMF) , a user data-related request from a user equipment (UE) via an access network (AN) , wherein the user data-related request is used for accessing and / or managing data;forwarding, by the CMF, the user data-related request to a user portal function;obtaining, by the user portal function, the user data-related request from the CMF;sending, by the user portal function, a user data-related response to the CMF, wherein the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected; andforwarding, by the CMF, the user data-related response to the UE via the AN.46.A method for supporting data portability, comprising:obtaining, by a connection management function (CMF) , a user data transfer request from a user equipment (UE) via an access network (AN) , wherein the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from one mobile network to another mobile network;forwarding, by the CMF, the user data transfer request to a digital world control function (DWCF) ;obtaining, by the DWCF, a user data transfer request from the UE via the AN and the CMF;sending, by the DWCF, a user data transfer response to the CMF, wherein the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected; andforwarding, by the CMF, the user data transfer response to the UE via the AN.47.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, 23 to 33, 34 to 41, or 42 to 44.48.The communication apparatus according to claim 47, comprising:an obtaining unit configured to obtain one or more user data-related requests from a UE via one or more of a first AN in a first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, wherein the one or more user data-related requests are used for accessing and / or managing data; anda transmitting unit configured to send a user data-related response to the UE via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, wherein the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected.49.The communication apparatus according to claim 47, comprising:an obtaining unit configured to obtain a user data transfer request from a UE via one or more of a first AN in a first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, wherein the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from the first mobile network to a second mobile network; anda transmitting unit configured to send a user data transfer response to the UE via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, wherein the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected.50.The communication apparatus according to claim 47, comprising:a transmitting unit configured to send one or more user data-related requests to a first user portal function in a first mobile network via one or more of a first AN in the first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, wherein the one or more user data-related requests are used for accessing and / or managing data; andan obtaining unit configured to obtain a user data-related response from the first user portal function via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, wherein the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected.51.The communication apparatus according to claim 47, comprising:a transmitting unit configured to send a user data transfer request to a first DWCF in a first mobile network via one or more of a first AN in the first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, wherein the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from the first mobile network to a second mobile network; andan obtaining unit configured to obtain a user data transfer response from the first DWCF via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, wherein the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected.52.The communication apparatus according to claim 47, comprising:one or more processors;an interface circuit configured to:obtain one or more user data-related requests from a UE via one or more of a first AN in a first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, wherein the one or more user data-related requests are used for accessing and / or managing data; andsend a user data-related response to the UE via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, wherein the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected.53.The communication apparatus according to claim 47, comprising:one or more processors;an interface circuit configured to:obtain a user data transfer request from a UE via one or more of a first AN in a first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, wherein the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from the first mobile network to a second mobile network; andsend a user data transfer response to the UE via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, wherein the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected.54.The communication apparatus according to claim 47, comprising:one or more processors;an interface circuit configured to:send one or more user data-related requests to a first user portal function in a first mobile network via one or more of a first AN in the first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, wherein the one or more user data-related requests are used for accessing and / or managing data; andobtain a user data-related response from the first user portal function via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, wherein the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected.55.The communication apparatus according to claim 47, comprising:one or more processors;an interface circuit configured to:send a user data transfer request to a first DWCF in a first mobile network via one or more of a first AN in the first mobile network and a first CMF in the first mobile network, wherein the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from the first mobile network to a second mobile network; andobtain a user data transfer response from the first DWCF via one or more of the first CMF and the first AN, wherein the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected.56.The communication apparatus according to any one of claims 52 to 55, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.57.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, 23 to 33, 34 to 41, or 42 to 44.58.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22 and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 34 to 41.59.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a third communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 23 to 33 and a fourth communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 42 to 44.60.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises:a connection management function (CMF) , configured to: obtain a user data-related request from a user equipment (UE) via an access network (AN) , wherein the user data-related request is used for accessing and / or managing data; and forward the user data-related request to a user portal function; andthe user portal function, configured to: obtain the user data-related request from the CMF; and send a user data-related response to the CMF, wherein the user data-related response is used for indicating whether the one or more user data-related requests are accepted or rejected;wherein the CMF is further configured to forward the user data-related response to the UE via the AN.61.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises:a connection management function (CMF) , configured to: obtain a user data transfer request from a user equipment (UE) via an access network (AN) , wherein the user data transfer request is used for requesting a user data transfer from one mobile network to another mobile network; and forward the user data transfer request to a digital world control function (DWCF) ; andthe DWCF, configured to obtain a user data transfer request from the UE via the AN and the CMF; and send a user data transfer response to the CMF, wherein the user data transfer response is used for indicating whether the user data transfer request is accepted or rejected;wherein the CMF is further configured to forward the user data transfer response to the UE via the AN.62.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, 23 to 33, 34 to 41, or 42 to 44.63.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, 23 to 33, 34 to 41, or 42 to 44.
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