Display module and electronic device

Abstract

The present application provides a display module and an electronic device. The display module can be applied to an electronic device. The display module comprises a light-emitting layer, an encapsulation layer, a first light-transmitting layer, a pixel expansion layer, a second light-transmitting layer, and an anti-glare structure layer that are stacked in a light-emitting direction; the pixel expansion layer comprises a first material and a second material, the first material has a first refractive index, the second material has a second refractive index, and the difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is a first refractive index difference; the distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer is a first distance, and the product of the first distance and the first refractive index difference ranges from 15 um to 200 um. In the present application, by defining the range of the product of the first distance and the first refractive index difference, the equivalent pixel enlargement effect of light passing through the pixel expansion layer meets a minimum requirement for low display glare points, and thus, high image clarity can be achieved while implementing low glare points.

Description

Display module and electronic device

[0001] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202410868317.0, filed on June 28, 2024, with the State Intellectual Property Office of China, and the Chinese patent application No. 202410868317.0 has the title of “Display module and electronic device”, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of image display, and more particularly, to a display module and an electronic device. BACKGROUND

[0003] As the most important terminal human-computer interaction hardware, the screen plays an irreplaceable role in daily communication and office scenarios. Nowadays, in the increasingly increasing display use scenarios, consumers begin to pay attention to the impact of the display on visual health. Reducing visual fatigue caused by naked eye viewing the screen has become one of the mainstream design directions of advanced displays. This includes a series of display device designs such as low blue light, no flicker, low reflection, and anti-glare. Among them, the anti-glare technology focuses on reducing or eliminating the glare effect caused by the screen reflecting the ambient light through the mirror surface.

[0004] Currently, an anti-glare cover plate is usually used on the screen to reduce the glare effect caused by the screen. The main function of the anti-glare cover plate is to achieve diffuse reflection through the surface microstructure scattering principle. However, the anti-glare cover plate will cause scattering of the light emitted by the light-emitting layer, resulting in uneven light crosstalk between different sub-pixels, causing visual flash point problems.

[0005] If you want to solve the flash point problem, you usually control the haze parameter in the anti-glare structure manufacturing process of the anti-glare cover plate, which enables the light emitted from the light-emitting layer to have a uniform light mixing effect to a certain extent. However, this way will seriously reduce the clarity of the display image, so the single anti-glare cover plate solution cannot simultaneously consider low flash point and high clarity. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application provides a display module and an electronic device, which can achieve low flash point while achieving high image clarity.

[0007] In a first aspect, a display module is provided, which includes a light-emitting layer, an encapsulation layer, a first light-transmitting layer, a pixel expansion layer, a second light-transmitting layer, and an anti-glare structure layer stacked in a light-emitting direction, wherein the pixel expansion layer has a first material and a second material, the first material has a first refractive index, the second material has a second refractive index, and a difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is a first refractive index difference; a distance between a lower surface of the pixel expansion layer and an upper surface of the light-emitting layer is a first distance, and a product of the first distance and the first refractive index difference is in a range of 15 μm to 200 μm.

[0008] For example, the pixel expansion layer includes a first material and a second material, the first material has a first refractive index, the second material has a second refractive index, and a difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is a first refractive index difference. For example, the first refractive index can be a maximum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer, the second refractive index can be a minimum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer, and the first refractive index difference can be a refractive index difference between the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer. For example, the first refractive index difference can be in a range of 0.005 to 0.4. For example, the thickness of the pixel expansion layer can be in a range of 20 μm to 400 μm.

[0009] For example, the light-emitting layer can include a substrate, a driving circuit (e.g., a thin-film transistor driving circuit), an anode layer, a light-emitting unit, and a cathode layer stacked in the light-emitting direction. If the uppermost layer of the light-emitting layer is the cathode layer, the first distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer can be considered as a distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer and an upper surface of the cathode layer of the light-emitting layer.

[0010] It should be understood that the pixel expansion layer can mainly function to reduce the flash point, i.e., by providing the pixel expansion layer with a pixel expansion effect, light emitted by the light-emitting layer is uniformly mixed before entering the anti-glare structure layer, so as to reduce the light crosstalk (flash point) problem caused by the anti-glare structure layer.

[0011] If the pixel expansion layer is too far from the light-emitting layer, the equivalent pixel magnification effect it brings will make the pixel imaging too large, although it can bring lower flash point, but at the same time seriously affect the picture definition. Correspondingly, if it is too close, it will not have the effect of pixel magnification, although it can guarantee the definition, but cannot achieve the effect of low flash point. Therefore, the optical effect of the pixel expansion layer (mainly represented by the internal refractive index difference Δn) and its distance to the upper surface of the light-emitting layer (i.e. the first distance d) need to be specified to achieve the optimal stack architecture design. At the same time, the optimal design can also be changed according to the effect of the anti-glare structure layer, so that a high-definition low-flash anti-glare display system design can be realized. In order to get the best display effect, there is a specific optical path between the light-emitting layer and the pixel expansion layer, so that the optimal screen definition and the flash point suppression effect can be obtained under such design.

[0012] In the embodiments of the present application, the pixel expansion layer can be added to reduce the flash point, and by limiting the product of the first distance and the first refractive index difference within a predetermined range (i.e. 15-200 μm), the equivalent pixel magnification effect of the light rays after passing through the pixel expansion layer meets the minimum requirement to achieve low display flash point, and the image display definition is not excessively sacrificed, so that low flash point can be realized while achieving higher image definition.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the pixel expansion layer is configured to magnify the pixel, and the area of the magnified pixel is between 1.3 times and 3 times of the area of the original pixel. That is, the area of the original pixel A0 and the area of the magnified pixel (or the circumscribed circle of the magnified pixel) A1 satisfy the following relationship: 1.3*A0≤A1≤3*A0.

[0014] In the embodiments of the present application, the pixel expansion layer can be used to magnify the pixel, that is, the pixel expansion layer has the pixel magnification effect, and the area of the magnified pixel is between 1.3 times and 3 times of the area of the original pixel, which can achieve higher image definition.

[0015] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first light-transmitting layer includes a first adhesive layer, a first polarizing sheet and a second adhesive layer which are stacked in the light-emitting direction; the first adhesive layer is located between the packaging layer and the first polarizing sheet, and the second adhesive layer is located between the first polarizing sheet and the pixel expansion layer. The first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer can be optical transparent adhesive.

[0016] In the embodiments of the present application, when the polarizing sheet architecture is used, a polarizing sheet (circular polarizing sheet or linear polarizing sheet) can be arranged in the first light-transmitting layer, and the polarizing sheet is fixedly connected to other layers through the adhesive layers on both sides.

[0017] In some possible cases, when the first refractive index difference of the pixel expansion layer is small, in order to satisfy that the product of the first refractive index difference and the first distance is within a preset range, the first distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer needs to be increased, that is, the thicknesses of the encapsulation layer and the first light-transmitting layer need to be increased, and the thickness of the encapsulation layer is generally fixed, and therefore a multi-layer structure can be arranged in the first light-transmitting layer to increase the first distance. In this case, a polarizer can be arranged in the first light-transmitting layer, or a multi-layer adhesive layer or other light-transmitting structures can be arranged to satisfy the requirement of the first distance.

[0018] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the second light-transmitting layer includes a third adhesive layer, a second polarizer, and a fourth adhesive layer which are stacked in the light-out direction; the third adhesive layer is located between the pixel expansion layer and the second polarizer, and the fourth adhesive layer is located between the second polarizer and the anti-glare structure layer. The third adhesive layer and the fourth adhesive layer can be optically transparent adhesive.

[0019] In the embodiments of the present application, when the polarizer architecture is used, a polarizer (circular polarizer or linear polarizer) can be arranged in the second light-transmitting layer, and the polarizer is fixedly connected to other layers through adhesive layers on both sides of the polarizer.

[0020] In some possible cases, the internal structure of the pixel expansion layer is, for example, a grating structure, and in this case, a polarizer can be arranged in the second light-transmitting layer, that is, the polarizer is arranged above the pixel expansion layer, so that the grating diffraction fringe caused by light passing through the pixel expansion layer can be reduced.

[0021] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the display module further includes a touch circuit layer, and the touch circuit layer is located between the encapsulation layer and the first light-transmitting layer.

[0022] In the embodiments of the present application, in the polarizer architecture, the touch circuit layer can be arranged between the encapsulation layer and the first light-transmitting layer, or the touch circuit layer can also be arranged inside the encapsulation layer. By integrating the touch circuit layer in the display module or the display panel, the direct interaction function of the user interface can be realized.

[0023] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the display module further includes a light filter, and the light filter is located between the encapsulation layer and the first light-transmitting layer.

[0024] In the embodiments of the present application, when the no-polarizer technology is used, the light filter (i.e., the color filter) can replace the traditional polarizer, and the light-out efficiency and the display color gamut of the display module can be improved, and the low-power consumption characteristic and the thinness can be realized.

[0025] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the display module further includes a cover plate and a third light-transmissive layer, the third light-transmissive layer is located between the cover plate and the light filter sheet and is configured to bond the cover plate and the light filter sheet, and the cover plate is located between the third light-transmissive layer and the first light-transmissive layer. For example, the third light-transmissive layer can be a film layer having a bonding effect and a certain light transmittance.

[0026] In the embodiments of the present application, when the non-polarizer technology is adopted, the display module can further include a cover plate and a third light-transmissive layer, the third light-transmissive layer can be configured to bond the cover plate and the light filter sheet, and the cover plate is located between the third light-transmissive layer and the first light-transmissive layer, thereby playing a protection role.

[0027] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first light-transmissive layer and the second light-transmissive layer are both bonding layers configured to bond the upper and lower layers. For example, the first light-transmissive layer and the second light-transmissive layer can also be other light-transmissive structural layers having a certain bonding effect.

[0028] In the embodiments of the present application, in the non-polarizer architecture, no polarizer is arranged, and the first light-transmissive layer and the second light-transmissive layer can be bonding layers configured to bond the upper and lower layers. That is, the first light-transmissive layer is located between the pixel expansion layer and the encapsulation layer and is configured to bond the pixel expansion layer and the encapsulation layer, and the second light-transmissive layer is located between the pixel expansion layer and the anti-glare structure layer and is configured to bond the pixel expansion layer and the anti-glare structure layer.

[0029] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the average transmittance haze of the first light-transmissive layer and / or the second light-transmissive layer is less than or equal to 5%. It should be understood that the average transmittance haze can be understood as the average value of the transmittance haze.

[0030] In the embodiments of the present application, by limiting the average transmittance haze of the first light-transmissive layer and the second light-transmissive layer, the light can not be scattered too much when passing through the first light-transmissive layer and the second light-transmissive layer, thereby avoiding affecting the image definition.

[0031] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the display module further includes a touch circuit layer, and the touch circuit layer is located between the encapsulation layer and the light filter sheet.

[0032] In the embodiments of the present application, in the non-polarizer architecture, the touch circuit layer can be arranged between the encapsulation layer and the light filter sheet (i.e., the color film), or the touch circuit layer can also be arranged inside the encapsulation layer. By integrating the touch circuit layer in the display module or the display panel, the direct interaction function of the user interface can be realized.

[0033] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the display module further includes an anti-reflection structure layer, the anti-reflection structure layer being located on a side of the anti-glare structure layer away from the light-emitting layer.

[0034] In the embodiments of the present application, by arranging the anti-reflection structure layer on the side of the anti-glare structure layer away from the light-emitting layer, the reflectivity of the screen surface can be reduced, so that when external light shines on the screen, more light can penetrate the screen or be scattered away, rather than being directly reflected back to the viewer's eyes. In this way, the mirror reflection effect caused by ambient light can be reduced, and the screen content can be more clearly visible under various lighting conditions.

[0035] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the display module further includes an oil-repellent coating layer, the oil-repellent coating layer being located on a side of the anti-glare structure layer away from the light-emitting layer.

[0036] In the embodiments of the present application, by arranging the oil-repellent coating layer on the side of the anti-glare structure layer away from the light-emitting layer, the purposes of anti-fouling and easy cleaning of the screen, improvement of the touch feeling of the screen, protection of the screen, and prolongation of the service life of the screen, etc. can be achieved.

[0037] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the light-emitting layer includes a plurality of light-emitting units, and the plurality of light-emitting units adopt a series connection design.

[0038] In the embodiments of the present application, the light-emitting units in the light-emitting layer can adopt traditional single device (i.e. single device) technology, or can adopt a series connection design of light-emitting units (such as Tandem device technology). The Tandem device technology is to connect a plurality of functionally similar device units (such as RGB light-emitting units) in series to form a multi-layer stacked structure. Such a design can improve the overall performance of the OLED device by stacking multiple light-emitting layers, thereby improving brightness, prolonging service life, or reducing power consumption, etc.

[0039] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the anti-glare structure layer includes an anti-glare base and an anti-glare structure, and the anti-glare base is located between the second light-transmitting layer and the anti-glare structure.

[0040] In the embodiments of the present application, the anti-glare structure layer is formed by changing the physical properties of the screen surface to have a certain diffuse reflection effect, thereby dispersing the reflected light and reducing the glare effect caused by direct light. In this way, even in a strong light environment, the user can reduce the visual interference caused by screen reflection and improve the visibility.

[0041] In some possible cases, the anti-glare structure can be processed on the anti-glare base, and the anti-glare structure has a small concave-convex texture, thereby having a certain diffuse reflection effect and being able to reduce the glare effect caused by direct light.

[0042] In some implementations of the first aspect, the surface of the anti-glare structure layer has a concave-convex relief, the roughness of the anti-glare structure layer ranges from 100 nm to 350 nm, and the thickness of the anti-glare structure layer ranges from 5 μm to 5000 μm.

[0043] In the embodiments of the present application, the anti-glare structure layer can be formed by forming a concave-convex relief on the surface of the smooth glass by chemical etching or the like, so as to have a certain diffuse reflection effect, thereby reducing the glare effect caused by direct light.

[0044] In some implementations of the first aspect, the transmittance of the anti-glare structure layer is greater than or equal to 85%, and the average transmittance haze of the anti-glare structure layer ranges from 5% to 35%. It should be understood that the average transmittance haze can be understood as the average value of the transmittance haze.

[0045] In the embodiments of the present application, by limiting the average transmittance haze and the transmittance of the anti-glare structure layer, the light passing through the anti-glare structure layer will not be scattered too much, thereby avoiding affecting the image clarity.

[0046] In some implementations of the first aspect, the surface of the anti-glare structure layer is flat, and the anti-glare structure layer is internally doped with particles, the average particle size of the particles doped in the anti-glare structure layer ranges from 200 nm to 2000 nm, and the thickness of the anti-glare structure layer ranges from 1000 nm to 5000 nm.

[0047] In the embodiments of the present application, the anti-glare structure layer can have a flat or substantially flat surface, but is internally doped with particles. The particles doped in the anti-glare structure layer can be metal or metal oxide, or organic polymer. In this case, the anti-glare structure layer can also reduce the glare effect caused by direct light, so that the user can reduce the visual interference caused by screen reflection even in a strong light environment, thereby improving the visibility.

[0048] The second aspect provides an electronic device including the display module as described in the first aspect and any implementation of the first aspect.

[0049] It should be understood that when the electronic device adopts the display module as described in the first aspect, the low flash point can be achieved while achieving high image clarity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0050] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of two anti-glare cover plates according to the present application.

[0051] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a display module according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0052] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0053] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0054] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0055] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a scattering light type of a pixel expansion layer according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0056] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0057] FIG. 8 is a calculation reference diagram of an anti-glare capability index BRDF according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0058] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0059] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0060] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0061] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The technical solutions in the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0063] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for the purpose of description, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" can intelligently or implicitly include one or more features. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, "multiple" means two or more than two, "at least one" and "one or more" means one, two or more than two. The singular expression "one", "a kind", "the", "the above", "the", and "this" is intended to also include, for example, the expression "one or more", unless there is clear indication to the contrary in the context. The size of the serial number of each process below does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined according to its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application. For example, in the embodiments of the present application, the characters "110", "120", "130" and the like are only made for the convenience of description, and do not limit the order of execution steps.

[0064] Reference within this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" or "in some embodiments" within this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, however, can mean, in one or more but not all embodiments. The terms "including," "comprising," "carrying," "having," "containing," and variations thereof are meant to encompass the item listed thereafter, but do not exclude additional, unrecited items. Unless otherwise noted, the terms "including" and / or "comprising" when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0065] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship as defined with respect to the orientation or position of the components shown in the drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, and they are used for relative description and clarification, but do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. It can be changed accordingly according to the orientation of the components shown in the drawings, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0066] It should be noted that the distance between the first surface and the second surface in the embodiments of the present application can be understood as the vertical distance between the horizontal plane on which the first surface is located and the horizontal plane on which the second surface is located. Here, the vertical is equivalent to the thickness direction of the stack. If the first plane and / or the second plane is not a flat surface, the distance between them can be understood as the vertical distance between the highest point of the first plane and the highest point of the second plane, or it can also be understood as the vertical distance between the lowest point of the first plane and the lowest point of the second plane, or it can also be understood as the vertical distance between the central point (i.e. the midpoint between the highest point and the lowest point) of the first plane and the central point (i.e. the midpoint between the highest point and the lowest point) of the second plane.

[0067] Screen as the most important terminal human-computer interaction hardware, has an irreplaceable role in daily communication and office scenarios. As a display device, the main function of the screen is to effectively display information. Based on this, a series of technical development directions have been expanded. For example, on the mobile phone, higher resolution, richer color display capability and lower power consumption have become the mainstream screen technology pursuit. Moreover, in addition to the quality of the screen itself, different terminal device design strategies have also appeared for application scenarios. For example, when focusing on the function of privacy protection, by additionally mounting a film layer with variable light transmittance with viewing angle on the screen, a screen with anti-peeping effect can be obtained. Nowadays, in the increasingly increasing display use scenarios, consumers begin to pay attention to the impact of displays on visual health. Reducing visual fatigue when watching the screen with the naked eye has become one of the mainstream design directions of advanced displays. This includes a series of display device designs such as low blue light, no flicker, low reflection, anti-glare, and other core design ideas that focus on user health when using display devices. Anti-glare technology focuses on reducing or eliminating the glare effect caused by the screen reflecting ambient light. For point light sources in daily life (such as light, sunlight), very high light source brightness is not suitable for the human eye to watch directly or indirectly (such as through mirror reflection). On the other hand, anti-glare technology also directly affects the performance of the screen picture (such as the picture text clarity in the display on state), which makes the development of anti-glare technology need to balance the management of reflected ambient light and the management of pixel light. According to the technical requirements, the anti-glare line includes the management of screen light and the management of ambient light reflected by the screen.

[0068] Currently, anti-glare cover plates are often used on screens to reduce the glare effect generated by the screen. As shown in FIG. 1, the anti-glare cover plate can be divided into a glass anti-glare cover plate 10 and a composite anti-glare cover plate 20. In some examples, as shown in (a) of FIG. 1, the glass anti-glare cover plate 10 is based on a smooth glass 11, and a microstructure pattern (i.e., an anti-glare structure 12) is obtained on the surface of the smooth glass 11 by, for example, chemical etching. The anti-glare structure 12 usually appears in an irregular arrangement, so that the light incident on the surface of the glass anti-glare cover plate 10 is scattered. That is, the incident light is scattered to different degrees when it is incident on the anti-glare structure 12 of the glass anti-glare cover plate 10, and the outgoing light can be emitted from different angles. In other examples, as shown in (b) of FIG. 1, the composite anti-glare cover plate 20 is based on a thermoplastic material, and two different materials are combined by hot pressing, and an anti-glare structure is made on one side. For example, the composite anti-glare cover plate 20 can include an anti-glare substrate 21 and an anti-glare structure 22, where the anti-glare substrate 21 can be made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and the anti-glare structure 22 can be made of polycarbonate (PC). For example, the PC can be hot-pressed on the PMMA by nanoimprinting. In this way, the anti-glare structure 22 formed on the surface of the composite anti-glare cover plate 20 can cause the incident light to be diffusely reflected. That is, the incident light is scattered to different degrees when it is incident on the anti-glare structure 22 of the composite anti-glare cover plate 20, and the outgoing light can be emitted from different angles.

[0069] It should be understood that the main function of the anti-glare cover plate is to achieve diffuse reflection through the surface microstructure scattering principle. However, this structure (i.e., the anti-glare structure) can also cause scattering of the light emitted by the display panel (or the light-emitting layer). This causes uneven light crosstalk between different sub-pixels, resulting in visual flicker problems.

[0070] The light rays (including red, green and blue light rays) emitted by the display panel (or light-emitting layer) will be scattered when passing through the uneven microstructure of the anti-glare cover plate. The anti-glare structure on the surface of the anti-glare cover plate will cause irregular scattering of the pixel light rays, so that the red, green and blue light rays will interfere with each other. Such scattering phenomenon will eventually result in the appearance of visible bright and dark granular visual perception in the display picture, which is visually manifested as flickering speckle (i.e. flash point) changing with the viewing angle. The flash point problem is particularly obvious on the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display screen. The reason is that the pixel aperture ratio of the OLED display technology is lower than that of the traditional liquid crystal display (LCD) technology, resulting in more serious flash point problem when the OLED display screen is equipped with an anti-glare solution using a random surface structure.

[0071] To solve the flash point problem, the haze parameter (haze describes one of the physical properties of the outgoing light type after the light passes through the medium and produces scattering. It is defined as the percentage of transmitted light intensity deviating from the incident light by more than 2.5° in the total transmitted light intensity, and the greater the haze, the lower the transparency / imaging degree) in the anti-glare structure manufacturing process of the anti-glare cover plate is usually controlled, so that the light rays emitted from the display panel (or light-emitting layer) can have a certain degree of uniform light mixing effect. However, this way will seriously reduce the clarity of the display image, so the single anti-glare cover plate solution cannot simultaneously consider low flash point and high clarity.

[0072] To solve the above problems, the display module and electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present application can achieve low flash point and high image clarity at the same time.

[0073] The cross-sectional schematic diagram of the display module provided by the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2-10.

[0074] It should be noted that the display module provided by the embodiments of the present application can be applied to electronic devices, wherein the display module can be, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), an LED, etc., and the electronic device can include, for example, a mobile phone, a display, a large-screen TV, a tablet and other devices with a display screen. The electronic device can have high resolution, such as mainstream 2K, 4K, 8K display. The pixel density (PPI) of the electronic device can be low PPI (<200) or high PPI (≥200, ≥250, ≥300, ≥350, ≥400, ≥450 and ≥500).

[0075] As shown in FIG. 2, the display module 100 can include a light-emitting layer 110, an encapsulation layer 120, a first light-transmitting layer 130, a pixel expansion layer 140, a second light-transmitting layer 150, and an anti-glare structure layer 160, which are stacked in a light-emitting direction. Specifically, the light-emitting layer 110 can be disposed at the lowermost layer, the encapsulation layer 120 can be disposed above the light-emitting layer 110, the first light-transmitting layer 130 can be disposed on a side of the encapsulation layer 120 away from the light-emitting layer 110, the pixel expansion layer 140 can be disposed on a side of the first light-transmitting layer 130 away from the encapsulation layer 120, the second light-transmitting layer 150 can be disposed on a side of the pixel expansion layer 140 away from the first light-transmitting layer 130, and the anti-glare structure layer 160 can be disposed at the uppermost layer, i.e., on a side of the second light-transmitting layer 150 away from the pixel expansion layer 140. Light emitted by the light-emitting layer 110 can pass through the encapsulation layer 120, the first light-transmitting layer 130, the pixel expansion layer 140, the second light-transmitting layer 150, and the anti-glare structure layer 160, and finally be observed by the human eye.

[0076] For example, the pixel expansion layer 140 has a refractive index variation in the interior, and the pixel expansion layer 140 can be formed of at least two materials having different refractive indices. For example, the pixel expansion layer 140 includes a first material and a second material, the first material has a first refractive index, and the second material has a second refractive index, the difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is a first refractive index difference, for example, the first refractive index can be the maximum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140, the second refractive index can be the minimum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140, and the first refractive index difference can be the refractive index difference between the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140. For example, the first refractive index difference can be in a range of 0.005-0.4.

[0077] It should be understood that the distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer 110 is a first distance, and the product of the first distance and the first refractive index difference is in a range of 15 μm-200 μm.

[0078] It should be understood that in the present application, the addition of the pixel expansion layer 140 can reduce the flash point, and by limiting the range of the product of the first distance and the first refractive index difference, the equivalent pixel expansion effect of the light passing through the pixel expansion layer 140 meets the minimum requirement for achieving a low display flash point, and does not excessively sacrifice image display clarity, so that a low flash point can be achieved while achieving a high image clarity.

[0079] The light-emitting layer 110 is mainly used to emit light, such as red, green, and blue light. The light-emitting layer 110 can include a substrate, a driving circuit (such as a thin-film transistor driving circuit), an anode layer, a light-emitting unit, and a cathode layer arranged in a stack. The light-emitting unit can include a plurality of pixel light-emitting units arranged in an array, and each pixel light-emitting unit includes at least three sub-pixel light-emitting units (such as RGB light-emitting units), each of which can display light of one color. For example, each pixel light-emitting unit can include three sub-pixel light-emitting units, namely a red sub-pixel light-emitting unit (i.e., a red light-emitting layer) that can display (emit) red light, a green sub-pixel light-emitting unit (i.e., a green light-emitting layer) that can display green light, and a blue sub-pixel light-emitting unit (i.e., a blue light-emitting layer) that can display blue light. The specific structure of the light-emitting layer 110 can refer to the structure of an existing LCD, OLED, or LED, which will not be described in detail here.

[0080] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present application, the light-emitting unit in the light-emitting layer 110 can use traditional single device (i.e., single device) technology or tandem light-emitting unit design (such as Tandem device technology) to increase the light-emitting intensity, which is not limited in the present application.

[0081] It should be understood that the Tandem device technology generally refers to a structure design method used in the field of electronic devices (such as OLED), that is, a plurality of functionally similar device units (such as RGB light-emitting units) are connected in series to form a multi-layer stacked structure. Such a design can improve the overall performance of the OLED device by stacking multiple light-emitting layers, thereby improving brightness, prolonging service life, or reducing power consumption, etc. The specific description of the Tandem device technology can refer to the prior art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0082] The encapsulation layer 120 can be a thin film encapsulation (TFE) layer or a traditional glass encapsulation layer, and the encapsulation layer 120 can mainly protect the light-emitting layer 110. The encapsulation layer 120 can be made of glass, for example, the encapsulation layer in a flat panel display can be made of glass, and the encapsulation layer 120 can also be made of organic polymer materials (such as colorless polyimide (CPI) film, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film, etc.), for example, the encapsulation layer in a folding screen or an ultra-thin display can be made of organic polymer materials.

[0083] The first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 are respectively arranged on both sides of the pixel expansion layer 140, and the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 are film layers with an average transmission haze of less than or equal to 5%. It should be understood that the average transmission haze can be understood as the average value of the transmission haze. The transmission haze refers to the degree of scattering that occurs when light passes through an object. When light passes through a material, it interacts with the microscopic unevenness inside the material, causing the light to scatter. The higher the transmission haze, the stronger the scattering ability of the material to light, and the more blurred the transmitted light. Conversely, the lower the transmission haze, the weaker the scattering ability of the material to light, and the clearer the transmitted light.

[0084] By limiting the average transmission haze of the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150, the light passing through the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 will not be scattered too much, thereby avoiding affecting the image clarity.

[0085] It should be understood that the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. For example, the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 can be an adhesive layer for bonding the upper and lower layers; for another example, the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 can include a polarizer for filtering the polarization state of light; for another example, the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 can be other optical film layers without strong scattering effect (average transmission haze of optical film layer ≤ 5%).

[0086] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, if a polarizer (POL) architecture is adopted, the first light-transmitting layer 130 can include an adhesive layer 131, a polarizer 132, and an adhesive layer 133; the polarizer 132 can be used to filter the polarization state of light; the adhesive layer 131 is located between the packaging layer 120 and the polarizer 132, and is used to bond the packaging layer 120 and the polarizer 132; the adhesive layer 133 is located between the polarizer 132 and the pixel expansion layer 140, and is used to bond the polarizer 132 and the pixel expansion layer 140. The polarizer 132 can be a linear polarizer or a circular polarizer, which is not limited in the present application.

[0087] It should be understood that, in some possible cases, in order to achieve a low flash point while achieving a higher image definition, when the first refractive index difference of the pixel expansion layer 140 is small, it is necessary to limit the range of the product of the first refractive index difference and the first distance to be within a preset range, and it is necessary to increase the first distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer 110, that is, to increase the thickness of the encapsulation layer 120 and the first light-transmitting layer 130, and thus a multi-layer structure can be provided in the first light-transmitting layer 130 to increase the first distance. In this case, a polarizing sheet or a multi-layer adhesive layer or other light-transmitting structures can be provided in the first light-transmitting layer 130 to meet the requirement of the first distance.

[0088] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, if the POL architecture is adopted, the second light-transmitting layer 150 can include an adhesive layer 151, a polarizing sheet 152, and an adhesive layer 153; the polarizing sheet 152 can be used to filter the polarization state of light; the adhesive layer 151 is located between the pixel expansion layer 140 and the polarizing sheet 152, and is used to bond the pixel expansion layer 140 and the polarizing sheet 152; and the adhesive layer 153 is located between the polarizing sheet 152 and the anti-glare structure layer 160, and is used to bond the polarizing sheet 152 and the anti-glare structure layer 160. The polarizing sheet 152 can be a linear polarizing sheet or a circular polarizing sheet, and the present application does not make any limitation in this regard.

[0089] It should be understood that, in some possible cases, the internal structure of the pixel expansion layer 140 is, for example, a grating structure, and in this case, the polarizing sheet is arranged in the second light-transmitting layer 150, that is, the polarizing sheet is arranged above the pixel expansion layer 140, which can reduce the grating diffraction fringe caused by the pixel expansion layer 140.

[0090] For example, the adhesive layer 131, the adhesive layer 133, the adhesive layer 151, and the adhesive layer 153 can all adopt an optically clear adhesive (OCA).

[0091] In some embodiments, under the POL architecture, the display module 100 can further include a finger touch sensing layer, which is located between the encapsulation layer 120 and the first light-transmitting layer 130. It should be understood that the finger touch sensing layer, through precise circuit design and signal processing technology, is integrated in the display panel, and can realize the direct interaction function of the user interface.

[0092] The POL architecture of the display module will be described in detail in combination with FIG. 11.

[0093] In some embodiments, the display module 100 can adopt a color filter on encapsulation (COE) architecture, which replaces the traditional polarizer architecture with a color filter (CF) architecture to improve the light efficiency and display color gamut of the display module, and to achieve low power consumption and thinness.

[0094] As an example, as shown in FIG. 5, if the COE architecture is adopted, the display module 100 can further include a light filtering film 200, which can be disposed between the encapsulation layer 120 and the first light transmission layer 130. It should be understood that the light filtering film 200 can be referred to as a light filter, a color filter, etc.

[0095] As described above, each pixel is generally composed of three sub-pixels of red, green, and blue (RGB), and therefore, there should be a layer of light filtering film of the corresponding color on each sub-pixel. These light filtering films allow light of a specific color to pass through while blocking light of the remaining colors, thereby forming rich colors when combined. That is, the light filtering film 200 can be divided into red, green, and blue light filters, the red light filter corresponding to the red light emitting unit, the green light filter corresponding to the green light emitting unit, and the blue light filter corresponding to the blue light emitting unit, so that light of a specific color passes through, which helps to enhance the contrast and color saturation of the displayed image, making the displayed color more vivid and realistic.

[0096] It should be noted that in the COE architecture, the first light transmission layer 130 and the second light transmission layer 150 can be adhesive layers for bonding the upper and lower two layers. That is, the first light transmission layer 130 is located between the pixel expansion layer 140 and the encapsulation layer 120, and is used to bond the pixel expansion layer 140 and the encapsulation layer 120; the second light transmission layer 150 is located between the pixel expansion layer 140 and the anti-glare structure layer 160, and is used to bond the pixel expansion layer 140 and the anti-glare structure layer 160.

[0097] As an example, the first light transmission layer 130 and the second light transmission layer 150 can also adopt other light transmission structure layers having certain bonding effects, which are not limited in the present application.

[0098] In some examples, in the COE architecture, the display module 100 further includes a cover plate and a third light transmission layer, the third light transmission layer is located between the cover plate and the light filtering film, and can be used to bond the cover plate and the light filtering film 200; the cover plate is located between the third light transmission layer and the first light transmission layer 130.

[0099] In some examples, in the COE architecture, the display module 100 can further include a touch circuit layer, which is located between the encapsulation layer 120 and the light filtering film 200.

[0100] Exemplarily, in the COE architecture, the first light-transmissive layer 130 and the second light-transmissive layer 150 and the third light-transmissive layer can all adopt an optically clear adhesive (OCA).

[0101] The COE architecture of the display module will be described in detail in combination with FIG. 12.

[0102] The pixel expansion layer 140 is located between the first light-transmissive layer 130 and the second light-transmissive layer 150, and mainly functions to reduce the flash point, that is, by setting an optical film with a pixel expansion effect, the light emitted by the light-emitting layer is uniformly mixed before entering the anti-glare structure, so as to reduce the light crosstalk (flash point) problem caused by the anti-glare structure. Specifically, the pixel expansion layer 140 mainly achieves uniform scattering of incident light through some scattering structures, achieves the effect of pixel imaging expansion through optical means, so that the spatial proportion of red, green and blue sub-pixels is large, and the pixel spacing is small, the pixel aperture ratio is increased, so as to reduce the display flash point problem caused by the optical scattering of the irregular microstructure of the anti-glare structure layer 160.

[0103] It should be understood that the pixel expansion layer 140 can be a pixel expansion film with a certain internal refractive index difference. This refractive index difference will cause the light to change direction when it encounters different refractive indices of different materials inside the film, and different interface shape structures will cause different direction changing modes, thereby producing scattering phenomena corresponding to the structure. Through this internal refractive index difference, the optical scattering effect is achieved, thereby achieving pixel expansion in imaging.

[0104] FIG. 6 shows the scattering light types of three different types of pixel expansion layers. As shown in FIG. 6, the pixel expansion layer 140 can be formed of at least two materials with different refractive indices (such as a first material and a second material), and the formed pixel expansion layer can be a pixel expansion layer of a doped particle type (as shown in (a) of FIG. 6), a pixel expansion layer of a tightly arranged optical fiber type (as shown in (b) of FIG. 6), or a pixel expansion layer of a loosely arranged optical grating type (as shown in (c) of FIG. 6).

[0105] In some examples, as shown in (a) of FIG. 6, the pixel expansion layer 140 can be a pixel expansion layer of a doped particle type, that is, the pixel expansion layer 140 can be formed by mixing scattering particles in a thin film substrate. The refractive index of the thin film substrate (i.e., the first material) is n2, and the refractive index of the mixed scattering particles (i.e., the second material) is n1.

[0106] In some examples, as shown in (b) of FIG. 6, the pixel expansion layer 140 can be a pixel expansion layer of a closely arranged optical fiber type, that is, the pixel expansion layer 140 can be formed by adding closely arranged optical fibers into a thin film substrate. In this case, the thin film substrate (i.e., the first material) has a refractive index of n2, and the closely arranged optical fibers (i.e., the second material) have a refractive index of n1.

[0107] In some examples, as shown in (c) of FIG. 6, the pixel expansion layer 140 can be a pixel expansion layer of a loosely arranged optical grating type, that is, the pixel expansion layer 140 can be formed by adding loosely arranged optical gratings into a thin film substrate. In this case, the thin film substrate (i.e., the first material) has a refractive index of n2, and the loosely arranged optical gratings (i.e., the second material) have a refractive index of n1.

[0108] The pixel expansion layer 140 has an internal refractive index variation, and the pixel expansion layer 140 can be formed by at least two materials having different refractive indexes. For example, the pixel expansion layer 140 includes a first material and a second material, the first material has a first refractive index, and the second material has a second refractive index, the difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is a first refractive index difference, for example, the first refractive index can be the maximum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140, the second refractive index can be the minimum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140, and the first refractive index difference can be the refractive index difference between the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140. For example, the first refractive index difference can be in a range of 0.005-0.4.

[0109] For example, the first refractive index difference can be denoted as Δn, Δn = |n1-n2|, where 0.005≤Δn≤0.4, n1 can be the maximum refractive index or the minimum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140, n2 can be the minimum refractive index or the maximum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140, and Δn is the difference between the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140.

[0110] It should be understood that the pixel expansion layer 140 is generally formed by arranging two or more materials (different materials have different refractive indexes) inside a thin film, that is, a substrate (thin film) and a scattering material (such as particles, optical gratings, etc.), to form a thin film with an internal refractive index difference. The pixel expansion layer 140 can be implemented, for example, in the following ways:

[0111] In one implementation, materials with different refractive indices (typically polymers, in liquid state) can be mixed together (one with high refractive index and the other with low refractive index), and a uniform mixed layer with certain thickness can be formed on a substrate by coating, etc. The substrate can be a plastic film such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), tri-acetyl cellulose (TAC), or a relatively rigid substrate such as glass or ultra thin glass (UTG). The high refractive material in the mixed layer can be polymerized and cured by UV exposure or thermal curing to form a certain three-dimensional structure pattern. The pattern can be periodic or aperiodic, and the microstructures in the pattern can be continuous or discontinuous, regular or irregular, without limitation. The remaining low refractive material can be cured by further processing. Thus, a cured high refractive material with a specific pattern is obtained, which is surrounded by a low refractive material (i.e., the pixel expansion layer 140). Such a film can have different optical effects depending on the refractive index difference, the structure pattern, and the overall thickness.

[0112] In another implementation, the optical film (i.e., the pixel expansion layer 140) with internal refractive index difference can be obtained by imprinting. First, an imprinting mold is made, which has a certain pattern (e.g., periodic or aperiodic structure) on the surface. A material with a certain refractive index is coated on a substrate, and then the structure pattern is transferred to the material by imprinting with the mold. The material is then cured by UV exposure or thermal curing to retain the pattern. Finally, after the material is peeled off from the mold, another material (e.g., a photoresist with low or high refractive index) is coated on the patterned surface to fill the gaps, and a grating-type pixel expansion layer as shown in FIG. 6(c) can be obtained.

[0113] It should be understood that the pixel expansion layer 140 with internal refractive index difference can also be obtained by other processing methods. The above implementations are only exemplary and should not limit the processing methods of the pixel expansion layer 140 of the present application.

[0114] It should be noted that, regardless of the implementation of the pixel expansion film, the essence is to scatter the incident light. In terms of display effect, the optical effect of the pixel expansion film is equivalent to a magnifying glass, and too large or too small magnification effect will lead to poor display effect. For example: the pixel expansion film is too far away from the light emitting area, and the magnification effect is good at this time, and through this kind of optical effect, the problem of flash point caused by the anti-glare structure layer 160 can be solved. However, excessive scattering (magnification effect) will lead to unclear display picture. On the other hand, if the pixel expansion film is too close to the light emitting area, the pixel magnification effect will not be good, and the corresponding flash point problem cannot be well solved, even if the picture clarity is high at this time.

[0115] If the pixel expansion layer 140 is too far away from the light emitting layer 110, the equivalent pixel magnification effect it brings will make the pixel imaging too large, although it can bring lower flash point, but at the same time it will seriously affect the picture clarity. Correspondingly, if it is too close, the pixel magnification effect will not be good, although it can ensure the clarity, but it cannot achieve the effect of low flash point. Therefore, the optical effect of the pixel expansion layer 140 (mainly represented by the internal refractive index difference Δn) and its distance to the surface of the light emitting layer 110 need to be specified to a specific optimal arrangement position, so as to achieve the optimal design of the stack architecture. At the same time, the optimization design can also be changed according to the effect of the anti-glare structure layer 160, so as to realize the design of high-definition low-flash anti-glare display system. In order to get the best display effect, there is a specific optical distance (OD) between the light emitting layer 110 and the pixel expansion layer 140, so that under such design, the optimal screen clarity and the flash point suppression effect can be obtained.

[0116] That is, by controlling the distance of the pixel expansion layer 140 relative to the packaging layer 120, the equivalent pixel magnification effect of the light after passing through the pixel expansion layer 140 meets the minimum requirement of achieving low display flash point, so as not to excessively sacrifice the display clarity, so that the display module 100 has the optimal flash point and clarity effect.

[0117] The first distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light emitting layer 110 is d, that is, along the thickness direction of the display module 100, the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light emitting layer 110 have a first distance d. It should be understood that the product of the first distance d and the first refractive index difference Δn is within a predetermined range.

[0118] It should be understood that the light-emitting layer 110 can include a substrate, a driving circuit (such as a thin-film transistor driving circuit), an anode layer, a light-emitting unit, and a cathode layer arranged in a stacked manner. If the uppermost layer of the light-emitting layer 110 is a cathode layer, the first distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer 110 can be considered as the distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the cathode layer of the light-emitting layer 110. If the uppermost layer of the light-emitting layer 110 is another structural layer, the first distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer 110 can be considered as the distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the other structural layer of the light-emitting layer 110.

[0119] For example, the product of the first distance d and the first refractive index difference Δn satisfies the following relationship: Δn*d = 15 μm-200 μm. It should be understood that the first distance d is the sum of the thicknesses of the encapsulation layer 120 and the first light-transmitting layer 130, and the thickness of the encapsulation layer 120 is generally fixed, so the increase or decrease of the first distance can be achieved by adjusting the thickness of the first light-transmitting layer 130. That is, when it is necessary to increase the first distance d, the thickness of the first light-transmitting layer 130 can be increased, and when it is necessary to decrease the first distance d, the thickness of the first light-transmitting layer 130 can be decreased.

[0120] For example, the total thickness of the pixel expansion layer 140 can be between 20 μm-400 μm. It should be understood that the pixel expansion layer 140 has the effect of expanding the pixel, and the circumscribed circle of the expanded pixel has an area A1, and the original pixel has an area A0, which satisfies the following relationship: 1.3*A0≤A1≤3*A0. Here, the pixel refers to a single pixel, and the pixel expansion effect can be identified by microscope shooting.

[0121] The anti-glare structure layer 160 is located on the second light-transmitting layer 150 and is used to improve the visual experience and reduce external light interference.

[0122] As described above in FIG. 1, the anti-glare (AG) structure layer 160 is formed by changing the physical properties of the screen surface to have a certain diffuse reflection effect, thereby dispersing the reflected light and reducing the glare effect caused by direct light. For example, a small concave-convex texture is processed on the screen surface, and these microstructures can scatter the incident light in all directions instead of concentrating the reflection, so that the user can reduce the visual interference caused by screen reflection and improve the visibility even in a strong light environment. It should be understood that the surface treatment of the AG structure layer 160 can generally be roughened on the surface of glass or plastic through chemical etching or sandblasting process.

[0123] In some examples, the anti-glare structure layer 160 can be a structure with a surface unevenness. The surface roughness Ra of the anti-glare structure layer 160 can range from 100 nm to 350 nm, and the overall thickness of the anti-glare structure layer 160 can range from 5 μm to 5000 μm.

[0124] For example, the anti-glare structure layer 160 can be a structure with a surface unevenness formed on a smooth glass surface by, for example, chemical etching, and the like. This can be referred to in (a) of FIG. 1.

[0125] For another example, as shown in FIG. 7, the anti-glare structure layer 160 can include an anti-glare base 161 and an anti-glare structure 162. The anti-glare base 161 can be made of PMMA, and the anti-glare structure 162 can be made of PC. The PC can be hot-pressed on the PMMA by nano-imprinting. In this way, the anti-glare structure 162 formed on the surface of the anti-glare structure layer 160 can cause the incident light to be diffusely reflected. This can be referred to in (b) of FIG. 1.

[0126] In other examples, the anti-glare structure layer 160 can be a structure with a flat or substantially flat surface, but with particles doped inside. The particles doped inside the anti-glare structure layer 160 can be metals or metal oxides, such as Ti, Zr, Si, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, and the like, or organic polymers, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), PMMA, PC. For example, the average particle size of the particles doped inside the anti-glare structure layer 160 can range from 200 nm to 2000 nm, and the overall thickness of the anti-glare structure layer 160 can range from 1000 nm to 5000 nm.

[0127] For example, the transmittance of the anti-glare structure layer 160 can be greater than or equal to 85%, in one example, the transmittance of the anti-glare structure layer 160 can be greater than or equal to 90%, and in one example, the transmittance of the anti-glare structure layer 160 can be greater than or equal to 95%. Here, the transmittance can be the light transmittance measured when a single anti-glare structure layer is used, light is incident from air, passes through the anti-glare structure layer 160, and is emitted to air.

[0128] For example, the average transmittance haze of the anti-glare structure layer 160 can range from 5% to 35%. It should be understood that the average transmittance haze can be understood as the average value of the transmittance haze. By limiting the transmittance and the average transmittance haze of the anti-glare structure layer 160, the light passing through the anti-glare structure layer 160 can not be scattered too much, thereby avoiding affecting the image clarity.

[0129] It should be noted that the anti-glare capability index of the anti-glare structure layer 160 can be a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), or can be referred to as an anti-glare BRDF quantity or an anti-glare BRDF value. The BRDF describes the energy distribution of the reflected light in different directions in the reflection range (hemisphere) generated by the collimated incident light incident on the plane at a certain angle (for example, the incident angle is 0°, that is, perpendicular incidence). The BRDF is one of the physical quantities describing the light intensity distribution of the reflected light after the scattering of the light on the surface of the object, and can be used to describe the anti-glare degree of the surface of the anti-glare structure layer 160. Its unit is 1 / solid angle (i.e., sr -1 ). The anti-glare BRDF value refers to the attenuation of the value at 1° angle compared to 0° (normal angle). For example, BRDF(0°) = X, BRDF(1°) = Y, and the anti-glare BRDF value = (X-Y) / X.

[0130] For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the calculation formula of the anti-glare BRDF value can be as follows:

[0131] wherein BRDF θL (1°) represents the BRDF value when the included angle between the normal direction and the positive direction of the x-axis (i.e., the x direction) is 1°; BRDF θR (1°) represents the BRDF value when the included angle between the normal direction and the negative direction of the x-axis (i.e., the x' direction) is 1°; represents the BRDF value when the included angle between the normal direction and the positive direction of the y-axis (i.e., the y direction) is 1°; represents the BRDF value when the included angle between the normal direction and the negative direction of the y-axis (i.e., the y' direction) is 1°; and BRDF(0°) represents the BRDF value of the normal direction.

[0132] It should be understood that the rougher the surface of the anti-glare structure layer 160, the smaller the anti-glare BRDF value; the smoother the surface of the anti-glare structure layer 160, the larger the anti-glare BRDF value.

[0133] For example, in the present application, the anti-glare BRDF value of the anti-glare structure layer 160 can be less than or equal to 10%. In one example, the anti-glare BRDF value of the anti-glare structure layer 160 can be less than or equal to 7%. In another example, the anti-glare BRDF value of the anti-glare structure layer 160 can be less than or equal to 5%.

[0134] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 9, the display module 100 can further include an anti-reflection structure layer 170, which can be disposed above the anti-glare structure layer 160, i.e., the anti-reflection structure layer 170 is located on the side of the anti-glare structure layer 160 away from the light-emitting layer 110. The total thickness of the anti-reflection structure layer 170 is less than 2 pm.

[0135] It should be understood that the main purpose of the anti-reflection (AR) structure layer 170 is to reduce the reflectivity of the screen surface, so that when external light shines on the screen, it can penetrate the screen more or be scattered away, rather than being directly reflected back to the viewer's eyes. This can reduce the mirror reflection effect caused by ambient light, making the screen content more clearly visible under various lighting conditions. The AR structure layer 170 is usually achieved by coating one or more layers of transparent film on the screen surface. The thickness of these films is precisely calculated to utilize the principle of optical interference, so that the reflected light waves cancel each other out.

[0136] For example, the anti-reflection structure layer 170 can be a planar coating of multiple layers of inorganic materials, or a single layer structure with sub-wavelength (wavelength less than 450 nm) structure size, which is not limited in the present application.

[0137] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 10, the display module 100 can further include an oleophobic coating 180, which can be disposed above the anti-reflection structure layer 170, i.e., the oleophobic coating 180 can be disposed on the side of the anti-reflection structure layer 170 away from the light-emitting layer 110. Alternatively, when there is no anti-reflection structure layer 170, the oleophobic coating 180 can be disposed above the anti-glare structure layer 160, i.e., the oleophobic coating 180 can be disposed on the side of the anti-glare structure layer 160 away from the light-emitting layer 110.

[0138] It should be understood that the oleophobic coating (or fingerprint-resistant coating) in the display is a composite material layer specially designed for the screen surface, and the main functions of the oleophobic coating 180 are as follows:

[0139] ① Anti-fouling and easy cleaning: the oleophobic coating 180 has the property of low surface energy, which means it can repel oil stains and other liquids, making it difficult for fingerprints, oil stains, sweat stains, etc. to adhere to the screen, thereby keeping the screen clean. Even if the screen surface is stained with oil, it can be easily wiped clean with a soft and clean cloth without the need for strong cleaning agents.

[0140] ② Improve the touch feel: the oleophobic coating 180 is usually very thin, but it can provide a smooth touch feel, making the finger slide on the screen more smooth and reducing friction, improving the experience of touch operation.

[0141] ③Protective screen: While the oleophobic coating 180 is primarily targeted at liquids and oils, it also offers some protection against dust particles adhering, reducing physical wear and tear on the screen. However, it's important to note that this coating is relatively delicate and prolonged use or improper cleaning (such as using sharp objects) can cause the coating to wear or flake off.

[0142] ④Extended lifespan: By reducing the accumulation of dirt and grime from daily use, the oleophobic coating 180 helps extend the visual clarity and overall aesthetic appeal of the display, delaying the screen aging process caused by frequent cleaning.

[0143] It's important to note that while the oleophobic coating 180 offers numerous benefits for the display, it is not permanent and its effectiveness will gradually diminish over time and with increased usage frequency, requiring regular maintenance or replacement of the screen protector film to maintain optimal performance.

[0144] The following describes in detail the cross-sectional structure of the display module in the POL architecture and the COE architecture according to the embodiments of the present application in combination with FIGS. 11 and 12.

[0145] In some POL architectures, the display module 100 can include a light-emitting layer 110, an encapsulation layer 120, a touch circuit layer 190, a first light-transmissive layer 130, a pixel expansion layer 140, a second light-transmissive layer 150, an anti-glare structure layer 160, an anti-reflection structure layer 170, and an oleophobic coating 180 arranged in a stack along the light-out direction. The first light-transmissive layer 130 can include an adhesive layer 131, a polarizer 132, and an adhesive layer 133 arranged in a stack along the light-out direction. The second light-transmissive layer 150 can be an adhesive layer. Alternatively, the first light-transmissive layer 130 can be an adhesive layer, and the second light-transmissive layer 150 can include an adhesive layer 151, a polarizer 152, and an adhesive layer 153 arranged in a stack along the light-out direction.

[0146] For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the display module 100 can include a light-emitting layer 110, an encapsulation layer 120, a touch circuit layer 190, an adhesive layer 131, a polarizer 132, an adhesive layer 133, a pixel expansion layer 140, a second light-transmissive layer 150, an anti-glare structure layer 160, an anti-reflection structure layer 170, and an oleophobic coating 180 arranged in a stack along the light-out direction. The light-emitting layer 110 can include a substrate, a driving circuit, an anode layer, a light-emitting unit, and a cathode layer, etc. In this case, the first distance d between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer 110 can be considered as the distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the cathode layer of the light-emitting layer 110.

[0147] In some COE architectures, as shown in FIG. 12, the display module 100 can include, in a stacking direction of light emission, a light-emitting layer 110, an encapsulation layer 120, a touch circuit layer 190, a light-filter film 200, a third light-transmissive layer 220, a cover plate 210, a first light-transmissive layer 130, a pixel expansion layer 140, a second light-transmissive layer 150, an anti-glare structure layer 160, an anti-reflection structure layer 170, and an oil-repellent coating layer 180, wherein the first light-transmissive layer 130 and the second light-transmissive layer 150 are both adhesive layers. The light-emitting layer 110 can include a substrate, a driving circuit, an anode layer, a light-emitting unit, and a cathode layer, etc. In this case, the first distance d between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer 110 can be considered as the distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the cathode layer of the light-emitting layer 110.

[0148] It should be understood that the parts not described in detail in FIGS. 11 and 12 can refer to the descriptions in FIGS. 2 to 10 above, which will not be repeated here.

[0149] In addition, the embodiments of the present application also provide an electronic device having a display module (or a display screen), which can adopt the display module 100 described above in FIGS. 2 to 12.

[0150] The above is merely specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be covered in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A display module, characterized in that, It includes a light-emitting layer (110), an encapsulation layer (120), a first light-transmitting layer (130), a pixel enlargement layer (140), a second light-transmitting layer (150), and an anti-glare structure layer (160) stacked along the light-emitting direction; The pixel enlargement layer (140) has a first material and a second material. The first material has a first refractive index, and the second material has a second refractive index. The difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is a first refractive index difference. The distance between the lower surface of the pixel enlargement layer (140) and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer (110) is a first distance. The product of the first distance and the first refractive index difference ranges from 15μm to 200μm.

2. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first refractive index difference ranges from 0.005 to 0.

4.

3. The display module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The pixel enlargement layer (140) is used to enlarge the pixels, and the enlarged pixel area is between 1.3 times and 3 times the original pixel area.

4. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first light-transmitting layer (130) includes a first adhesive layer (131), a first polarizer (132), and a second adhesive layer (133) stacked along the light-emitting direction; The first adhesive layer (131) is located between the encapsulation layer (120) and the first polarizer (132), and the second adhesive layer (133) is located between the first polarizer (132) and the pixel enlargement layer (140).

5. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The second light-transmitting layer (150) includes a third adhesive layer (151), a second polarizer (152) and a fourth adhesive layer (153) stacked along the light-emitting direction; The third adhesive layer (151) is located between the pixel enlargement layer (140) and the second polarizer (152), and the fourth adhesive layer (153) is located between the second polarizer (152) and the anti-glare structure layer (160).

6. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The display module further includes a filter film (200), which is located between the encapsulation layer (120) and the first light-transmitting layer (130).

7. The display module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The display module further includes a cover plate (210) and a third light-transmitting layer (220), wherein the third light-transmitting layer (220) is located between the cover plate (210) and the filter film (200); and the cover plate (210) is located between the third light-transmitting layer (220) and the first light-transmitting layer (130).

8. The display module according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, Both the first light-transmitting layer (130) and the second light-transmitting layer (150) are adhesive layers used to bond the upper and lower layers together.

9. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The light-emitting layer (110) includes multiple light-emitting units, which are designed in series.

10. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The anti-glare structural layer (160) includes an anti-glare substrate (161) and an anti-glare structure (162), wherein the anti-glare substrate (161) is located between the second light-transmitting layer (150) and the anti-glare structure (162).

11. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The surface of the anti-glare structural layer (160) has an uneven surface, and the roughness of the anti-glare structural layer (160) ranges from 100nm to 350nm.

12. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The surface of the anti-glare structure layer (160) is flat, and the interior of the anti-glare structure layer (160) is doped with particles, the average particle size of which ranges from 200nm to 2000nm.

13. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The transmittance of the anti-glare structural layer (160) is greater than or equal to 85%, and the average transmittance haze of the anti-glare structural layer (160) ranges from 5% to 35%.

14. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The average transmittance haze of the first light-transmitting layer (130) and / or the second light-transmitting layer (150) is less than or equal to 5%.

15. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes the display module as described in any one of claims 1 to 14.

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