Method and apparatus for producing a composition

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a composition. The method (5000) comprises decomposing with energy at least a part of molecules in the bubbles having the decreased diameter (5004). The bubbles may comprise a waste gas. The invention further relates to apparatus for producing a composition.

Description

[0001] Method and apparatus for producing a composition

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The present invention relates to a method for producing a composition and more particularly to a method according to the preamble of claim 1. The present invention further relates to apparatus for producing a composition and more particularly to apparatus according to the preamble of claim 14.

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005] There are a different compositions and compounds which should be changed to other compounds. For instance, waste gases should be changed to valuable or at least not harmful material. Waste gases are usually a mix of different gases including CO2. Furthermore, waste gases may comprise any combination of the following: H2s, NOx and metals. Within these mixes, the CO2 content is treated as part of the waste gas stream.

[0006] In the prior art is known to treat different waste gases by burning them in a decomposition zone. If required, a fuel gas can be applied. Depending on the chemical composition of the waste gases, various reactions take place, such as oxidation, reduction or pyrolysis. Furthermore, wet scrubbing may be used treating water-soluble pollutants in process exhaust gases.

[0007] One of the problems associated with the prior art is that processes which are used for waste gas treatment and producing composition need high temperature and thus, the processes consume a lot of energy.

[0008] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing composition and apparatus for producing a composition so as to solve or at least alleviate the prior art disadvantages.

[0010] The objects of the invention are achieved by a method which is characterized by what is stated in the independent claim 1. The objects of the invention are achieved by apparatus which is characterized by what is stated in the independent claim 14.

[0011] The preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims. The invention is based on the idea of providing a method for producing a composition. The method comprises:

[0012] - providing a first liquid composition and a first gaseous composition,

[0013] - producing a mixture comprising the first liquid composition and bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition,

[0014] - decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition, and

[0015] - decomposing with energy at least a part of molecules in the bubbles having the decreased diameter.

[0016] In some embodiments, method comprises repeating two or more times the above steps: producing a mixture, decreasing a diameter of the bubbles, and comprising the first gaseous composition, and decomposing by using the molecules obtained from previous decomposing step so that a new mixture is produced.

[0017] In some embodiments, the first liquid composition being water.

[0018] In some embodiments, the first liquid composition being purified water.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first liquid composition comprises water.

[0020] Water is widely available and also water may be decomposed in the step of decomposing with energy.

[0021] In some embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises carbon dioxide.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas; or

[0023] In some embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas from an industrial facility, the waste gas comprising carbon dioxide; or In some embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas from an industrial facility.

[0024] In some embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas from an industrial facility, the waste gas comprises two or more different compounds.

[0025] The method according to the present invention enables converting different compounds of composition to harmful useful compounds.

[0026] In some embodiments, the method comprises obtaining a second gaseous composition from the decomposed first gaseous composition, producing a mixture comprising the liquid and bubbles comprising the second gaseous composition, decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the second gaseous composition, and decomposing with energy at least a part of molecules in the second gaseous composition.

[0027] The method according to the present invention enables converting different compounds of composition to harmful useful compounds even if several steps are needed.

[0028] In some embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature of 120 degrees C or less.

[0029] In some embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature of 90 degrees C or less.

[0030] In some embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature in the range of 15 to 90 degrees C.

[0031] In some embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature in the range of 15 to 40 degrees C.

[0032] The method according to the present invention may be carried out at a low temperature. Thus, it is every energy efficient.

[0033] In some embodiments, the step of decreasing a diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device.

[0034] In some embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device providing bubbles having a diameter less than 180 nm.

[0035] In some embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device comprising any one of the following: pressurized dissolution device, a rotational flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic device and venturi device.

[0036] In some embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device comprising any one of the following: pressurized dissolution device, a rotational flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic device or venturi device, and the nano bubble device providing bubbles having a diameter less than 180 nm.

[0037] According to the present invention nano bubble may be produced with various types of devices. Anyhow, the venturi device is preferable device. In some embodiments, the energy in the step of decomposing with energy being electric energy provided with an electrolytic cell.

[0038] The electrolytic cell provides an energy efficient decomposing.

[0039] In some embodiments, the step of decomposing with energy is carried out with an anode element and a cathode element, and the method comprises providing the anode element and the cathode element with electric energy.

[0040] In other words, electricity is fed to the anode element and the cathode element.

[0041] In some embodiments, the anode element comprises platinum and the cathode element comprises stainless steel.

[0042] In some embodiments, the anode element and the cathode element comprise diamond or black diamond.

[0043] Diamond does not corrode but diamonds are expensive.

[0044] In some embodiments, the anode element comprises an ion exchange film and the cathode element comprises stainless steel.

[0045] In some embodiments, the method further comprises providing a first solid composition in the step of a first liquid composition and a first gaseous composition.

[0046] In some embodiments, the method comprises providing a catalyst.

[0047] In some embodiments, the method comprises providing a catalyst, and the bubbles comprise the gaseous substance and a catalyst.

[0048] In some embodiments, the method comprises a step of providing the bubbles with a catalyst, the catalyst comprises metallic nanoparticles.

[0049] In some embodiments, the method comprises separating a second liquid composition from the first liquid composition after the step of decomposing at least part of molecules in the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition.

[0050] In some embodiments, method comprises repeating two or more times the following steps after the step of decomposing with energy at least part of molecules in the first gaseous composition, obtaining a gaseous composition from the previous step, decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the obtained gaseous composition, and decomposing the with energy at least some molecules in the gaseous composition obtained from the previous step.

[0051] In some embodiments, the method comprises a step of composing new molecules from the decomposed molecules. In some embodiments, the method comprises a step of composing other molecules from the decomposed molecules.

[0052] In some embodiments, the method comprises a step of composing different kind of molecules from the decomposed molecules.

[0053] In some embodiments, the method comprises a step of composing molecules having different structure than the decomposed molecules.

[0054] In some embodiments, the method comprises a step of composing solid molecules, liquid molecules or gaseous from molecules comprising the decomposed molecules.

[0055] The present invention further relates to apparatus for producing a compound. The apparatus comprises: a first decomposing system, the first decomposing system comprises: a first inlet arrangement of the first decomposing system arranged to receive a first liquid composition and a first gaseous composition, a mixing arrangement of the first decomposing system arranged to produce bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition, a nanobubble device of the first decomposing system arranged to decrease the size of bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition, a decomposing device of the first decomposing system arranged to decompose at least part of molecules of the first gaseous composition in the bubbles having the decreased diameter, and an outlet arrangement of the first decomposing system arranged to supply a gaseous composition from the first decomposition system.

[0056] In some embodiments, a decomposing device of the first decomposing system is arranged to decompose 80 - 100 % of the molecules of the first gaseous composition in the bubbles having the decreased diameter.

[0057] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises: a first decomposing system, the first decomposing system comprises: a first inlet arrangement of the first decomposing system arranged to receive a first liquid composition and a first gaseous composition, the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas, a mixing arrangement of the first decomposing system arranged to produce bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition, a nanobubble device of the first decomposing system arranged to decrease the size of bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition, a decomposing device of the first decomposing system arranged to decompose at least part of molecules of the first gaseous composition in the bubbles having the decreased diameter, and an outlet arrangement of the first decomposing system arranged to supply a gaseous composition from the first decomposition system. In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises one or more additional decomposing systems, each of the one or more additional decomposing systems comprises: a first inlet arrangement of the additional decomposing system arranged to receive an liquid composition and a gaseous composition, a mixing arrangement of the additional decomposing system arranged to produce bubbles, a nanobubble device of the additional decomposing system arranged to decrease the size of bubbles, a decomposing device of the additional decomposing system arranged to decompose at least part of molecules in the bubbles having the decreased diameter, and an outlet arrangement of the additional decomposing system arranged to supply a gaseous com-position from the additional decomposition system, and the first inlet arrangement of the one or more additional decomposing systems is connected to the outlet arrangement of the first decomposing system.

[0058] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises one or more additional decomposing systems; the first decomposing system and each of the one or more additional decomposing systems are connected together in series.

[0059] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises one or more additional decomposing systems; the first decomposing system and each of the one or more additional decomposing systems are connected together in series so that the first decomposing system and each of the one or more additional decomposing systems enable a flow from a first inlet arrangement of the first decomposing system to the outlet arrangement of the last one of the additional decomposing systems.

[0060] In some embodiments, the apparatus is arranged to carry out any of the above disclosed embodiment of the method.

[0061] An advantage of the invention is that compounds can be produced and converted very efficiently. Furthermore, waste gases can be treated energy efficiently at low temperature. In some cases, wastes may be even used as a raw material for valuable products.

[0062] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] The invention is described in detail by means of specific embodiments with reference to the enclosed drawings, in which.

[0064] Figure 1 shows principles of the method according to the present invention; and Figure 2 shows schematically one embodiment of apparatus according to the present invention;

[0065] Figure 3 shows schematically one embodiment of apparatus for producing a compound comprising at least one of hydrogen and oxygen according to the present invention;

[0066] Figure 4 shows schematically one embodiment of an additional decomposing systems according to the present invention; and

[0067] Figure 5 shows schematically one embodiment of apparatus according to the present invention.

[0068] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0069] Figure 1 discloses a method for producing a composition.

[0070] The method 5000 comprises the steps of: providing a first liquid composition and a first gaseous composition 5001, producing a mixture comprising the liquid and bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition 5002, decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition 5003, and decomposing with energy at least part of molecules of the first gaseous composition in the bubbles having the decreased diameter 5004.

[0071] In certain embodiments, the step of decomposing with energy at least part of molecules of the first gaseous composition in the bubbles having the decreased diameter 5004 comprises decomposing at least part of the molecules of first liquid composition.

[0072] In the context of this application, a bubble means a ball of gas that is surrounded by a liquid.

[0073] In the context of this application, mixture means an aggregate of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded.

[0074] In the context of this application, compounds have a unique and defined chemical structure. They are comprised of a fixed ratio of atoms that are held together in a defined spatial arrangement by chemical bonds.

[0075] In the context of this application, a composition may consist of one specific compound, or a composition may consist of different compounds.

[0076] In certain embodiments, the first liquid composition being water.

[0077] In certain embodiments, the first liquid composition being purified wa- ter. In certain embodiments, the first liquid composition comprises water.

[0078] Purified water is water that's free from impurities. Impurities commonly found in ordinary tap water are minerals such as Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium and Phosphorus. In order to create purified water, specialised filtration systems may be used which aim to remove single minerals. Distilled Water is also a type of purified Water. Distilled water is water that is boiled into steam and then recondensed back into a liquid form.

[0079] In certain embodiments, waste gas comprises any combination following: Carbon oxides, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, aerosols, carbon monoxide, methane and greenhouse gases such as chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). Waste gases may be originated from industry, households or agriculture.

[0080] In certain embodiments, waste gas comprises any one or any combination of the following: Carbon oxides, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, aerosols, carbon monoxide, methane and greenhouse gases such as chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). Waste gases may be originated from industry, households or agriculture. In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises carbon dioxide. In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas.

[0081] In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas from an industrial facility, the waste gas comprising carbon dioxide.

[0082] In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas from an industrial facility.

[0083] In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas from an industrial facility, the waste gas comprises two or more different gaseous compounds.

[0084] In certain embodiments, the method comprises obtaining a second gaseous composition from the decomposed first gaseous composition, producing a mixture comprising the liquid and bubbles comprising the second gaseous composition, decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the second gaseous composition, and decomposing with energy at least some molecules of the second gaseous composition.

[0085] In certain embodiments, the method comprises obtaining a second gaseous composition and a second liquid composition from the decomposed first gaseous composition and the decomposed liquid composition, producing a mixture comprising the second liquid composition and bubbles comprising the second gaseous composition, decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the second gaseous composition, and decomposing with energy at least some molecules of the second gaseous composition and the second liquid composition.

[0086] In certain embodiments, the second gaseous composition is produced from the first gaseous composition and a third gaseous composition is produced from the second gaseous composition.

[0087] In certain embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature of 129 degrees C or less.

[0088] In certain embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature of 90 degrees C or less.

[0089] In certain embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature in the range of 15 to 90 degrees C.

[0090] In certain embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature in the range of 15 to 40 degrees C.

[0091] In certain embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature in the range from 15 to 90 degrees C.

[0092] In certain embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature in the range from 15 to 40 degrees C.

[0093] In certain embodiments, the step of decreasing a diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device 2.

[0094] In certain embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device 2 providing bubbles having a diameter less than 180 nm.

[0095] In certain embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device 2 comprising any one of the following: pressurized dissolution device, a rotational flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic device and venturi device.

[0096] In certain embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device 2 comprising any one of the following: pressurized dissolution device, a rotational flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic device or venturi device, and the nano bubble device 2 providing bubbles having a diameter less than 180 nm.

[0097] In certain embodiments, the energy in the step of decomposing with energy being electric energy provided with an electrolytic cell 35. An electrolytic cell is an electrochemical cell that utilizes an external source of electrical energy to force a chemical reaction that would otherwise not occur. The external energy source is a voltage applied between the cell's two electrodes; an anode (positively charged electrode) and a cathode (negatively charged electrode), which are immersed in an electrolyte solution. In an electrolytic cell, a current passes through the cell by an external voltage, causing a non-spontaneous chemical reaction to proceed. Electrolytic cells are often used to decompose chemical compounds, in a process called electrolysis.

[0098] In other words, electrolysis means a technique that uses direct electric current to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction.

[0099] In certain embodiments, the step of decomposing with energy is carried out with an anode element 31 and a cathode element 32, and the method comprises providing the anode element 31 and the cathode element 32 with electric energy.

[0100] In certain embodiments, the anode element 31 comprises platinum and the cathode element 32 comprises stainless steel.

[0101] In certain embodiments, the anode element 31 and the cathode element 32 comprise diamond or black diamond.

[0102] In certain embodiments, the anode element 31 comprises an ion exchange film and the cathode element 32 comprises stainless steel.

[0103] Stainless steel is an alloy of iron that is resistant to rusting and corrosion. It contains iron with for instance, chromium and other elements such as molybdenum, carbon, nickel and nitrogen depending on its specific use and cost.

[0104] In certain embodiments, the method comprises providing a catalyst. Catalysis is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst. Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it.

[0105] In certain embodiments, the method comprises providing a catalyst, and the bubbles comprise the gaseous substance and a catalyst.

[0106] In certain embodiments, the method comprises a step of providing the bubbles with a catalyst, the catalyst comprises metallic nanoparticles.

[0107] In certain embodiments, the catalyst is heterogeneous catalyst.

[0108] In certain embodiments, the catalyst is metal catalyst or metal oxide catalyst. In certain embodiments, the catalyst the catalyst comprises metal.

[0109] In certain embodiments, the catalyst comprises any combination of the following: ruthenium, palladium, copper, gold, platinum, nickel, molybdenum, cobalt, silver.

[0110] In certain embodiments, the catalyst comprises any one or any combination of the following: ruthenium, palladium, copper, gold, platinum, nickel, molybdenum, cobalt, silver.

[0111] In certain embodiments, the catalyst comprises gold or the catalyst consists of gold.

[0112] In certain embodiments, the catalyst comprises nanoparticles; or

[0113] In certain embodiments, the catalyst consists of nanoparticles.

[0114] In certain embodiments, the catalyst comprises nanoparticles having a diameter in the range of 1 nm - 500 nm or in the range of 1 nm - 100 nm.

[0115] In certain embodiments, the catalyst consists of nanoparticles having a diameter in the range of 1 nm - 500 nm or in the range of 1 nm - 100 nm.

[0116] In certain embodiments, the method comprises separating a second liquid composition from the first liquid composition after the step of decomposing with energy at least part of molecules of the first gaseous composition in the bubbles having the decreased diameter or after the step of decomposing with energy at least some molecules of the second gaseous composition.

[0117] In certain embodiments, the step of separating a second liquid composition from the first liquid composition is carried out with a liquid separator.

[0118] The liquid separator may be for instance a disk stack separator, wherein liquid-liquid mixtures are separated by centrifugal force or distillation unit wherein liquid-liquid mixtures are separated by selective evaporation and condensation.

[0119] In certain embodiments, method comprises repeating two or more times the following steps after the step of decomposing with energy at least part of molecules of the first gaseous composition:

[0120] - obtaining a decomposed gaseous composition from the previous step,

[0121] - decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the obtained decomposed gaseous composition, and

[0122] - decomposing the with energy at least some molecules of the decomposed gaseous composition obtained from the previous step. In certain embodiments, method comprises repeating two or more times the following steps after the step of decomposing with energy at least part of molecules of the first gaseous composition and decomposing with energy at least part of molecules of the first liquid composition, the first liquid composition being water:

[0123] - obtaining the decomposed molecules of the first gaseous composition and the decomposed molecules water,

[0124] - decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the obtained decomposed gaseous composition from the previous step,

[0125] - decomposing the with energy at least some molecules of the decomposed gaseous composition obtained from the previous step; and

[0126] - obtaining a third composition comprising molecules of the decomposed gaseous composition and molecules of the decomposed water.

[0127] In certain embodiments, the method comprises:

[0128] - providing a first liquid composition, a first solid composition and a first gaseous composition,

[0129] - producing a mixture comprising the first solid composition, the first liquid composition and bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition,

[0130] - decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition,

[0131] - decomposing with energy at least a part of molecules in the bubbles having the decreased diameter, and

[0132] - obtaining a second solid composition, the second solid composition comprises compound comprising molecules of the first solid composition and molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition.

[0133] In certain embodiments, the method comprises:

[0134] - providing a first liquid composition, a first solid composition and a first gaseous composition,

[0135] - producing a mixture comprising the first solid composition, the first liquid composition and bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition,

[0136] - decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition,

[0137] - decomposing with energy at least a part of molecules in the bubbles having the decreased diameter, and - obtaining a second solid composition, the second solid composition comprises compound comprising molecules of the first solid composition and molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition and obtaining a second gaseous composition,

[0138] - decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the second gaseous composition,

[0139] - decomposing with energy at least a part of molecules in the bubbles having the decreased diameter, and

[0140] - obtaining a third solid composition, the third solid composition comprises compound comprising molecules of the decomposed second gaseous composition.

[0141] In certain embodiments, the method is carried out at a pressure in the range of 0,8 - 1, 2 atm.

[0142] In certain embodiments, the method comprises obtaining solid carbon from the decomposed first gaseous composition.

[0143] Example 1

[0144] In the prior art sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is produced, for instance, with the wet sulfuric acid process (WSA process) which comprises the steps of: Combustion: 2 H2S + 3 02 2 H2O + 2 SO2 Oxidation: 2 SO2 + 02 2 SO3 [in the presence of a vanadium (V) oxide catalyst] Hydration: SO3 + H2O H2SO4 (g)

[0145] The inventors surprisingly found out that sulfuric acid may be produced more efficiently by combining sulphur in nano bubbles and decomposed water. The water was decomposed with electrolytic cell at a temperature of 20 degrees C.

[0146] Example2

[0147] In the prior art, Ammonia (an inorganic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NHs), for instance, may be produced by a process called self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) where a metal nitride is ignited in a hydrogen atmosphere. The inventors surprisingly found out that ammonia may be produced more efficiently by combining decomposed water and gaseous nitrogen in nano bubbles. The water was decomposed with electrolytic cell at a temperature of 20 degrees C.

[0148] Example 3

[0149] Acrylonitrile may be produced, for instance, by catalytic ammoxidation of propylene, also known as the SOHIO process

[0150] 2CH3-CH=CH2+2NH3+3O2— >2CH2=CH-C=N+6H2O. In the SOHIO process, propylene, ammonia, and air (oxidizer) are passed through a fluidized bed 20 reactor containing the catalyst at 400-510 °C and 50-200 kPa.

[0151] The inventors surprisingly found out that acrylonitrile was produced more efficiently when First ammonia was produced according to example 2 and separated from the water and then water was decomposed, and finally decomposed water and ammonia in nano bubbles was combined. Furthermore, nitric acid was composed in the process. This example was carried out at a temperature of 20 degrees C.

[0152] Example 4

[0153] In the prior art phosphoric acid H3PO is produced, for instance is produced from apatite and sulfuric acid as Ca3(PO4)2+ 3H2SO ^ 2H3PO + 3CaSO .

[0154] The inventors surprisingly found out that phosphoric acid may be produced efficiently from decomposed water and white phosphorus P4 in nano bubbles. Phosphorus pentoxide as an intermediate was formed from the decomposed water and phosphorus in nano bubbles. Then phosphoric acid H3PO was composed. This example was carried out at a temperature of 20 degrees C.

[0155] Example 5

[0156] First was produced a gaseous composition comprising white phosphorus (P4) and hydrogen. Then was produced a mixture comprising water and bubbles of white phosphorus and hydrogen. Then diameter of the bubbles was decreased. Then a part of the water was decomposed. Then hypo phosphorous acid H3PO2 was composed. This example was carried out at a temperature of 20 degrees C. Example 6

[0157] Water and a waste gas composition comprising NOx and H2S was provided.

[0158] The following steps were carried out:

[0159] -producing a mixture comprising water and bubbles comprising the waste gas composition,

[0160] - decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the waste gas composition,

[0161] - subjecting the bubbles having the decreased diameter to an electrolysis,

[0162] - obtaining the gaseous composition from the previous step,

[0163] - providing bubbles comprising the gaseous composition from the previous step

[0164] - decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the gaseous composition from the previous step, and

[0165] - subjecting the bubbles having the decreased diameter to an electrolysis. This example was carried out at a temperature of 20 degrees C.

[0166] Inventors surprisingly found out that H2SO4 and ammonia was produced.

[0167] Example 7

[0168] Water and a waste gas composition comprising CO2 and Cadmium (Cd) was provided.

[0169] The following steps were carried out:

[0170] -producing a mixture comprising water and bubbles comprising the waste gas composition,

[0171] - decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the waste gas composition,

[0172] - subjecting the bubbles having the decreased diameter to an electrolysis, This example was carried out at a temperature of 20 degrees C.

[0173] Inventors surprisingly found out that CdO was produced.

[0174] Examples 1 - 7 were repeated at a temperature of 40 and 85 degrees C and the inventor found out that the tests provide same outcome than the original tests.

[0175] Figure 2 shows one embodiment of apparatus 1000 for producing a composition present invention. The apparatus 1000 comprises a first decomposing system 100. The first decomposing system 100 comprises a first inlet arrangement 300 and a mixing arrangement 1 arranged to a receive a first liquid composition and a first gaseous composition via the first inlet arrangement 300 and the mixing arrangement 1 is arranged to produce a mixture comprising a first liquid composition and bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition, a nano bubble device 2 arranged to decrease diameter of bubbles comprising first gaseous composition, and a decomposing device 3 arranged to decompose at least a part of molecules in the bubbles having the decreased diameter.

[0176] In certain embodiments, the mixing arrangement 1 being a pressure vessel designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure between 1 - 5 atm.

[0177] In certain embodiments, the first inlet arrangement 300 comprises a liquid inlet 11 arranged to receive the first liquid composition, and the first inlet arrangement 300 comprises a gas inlet 12 arranged to receive the first gaseous composition.

[0178] In certain embodiments, the mixing arrangement 1 comprises the nano bubble device 2.

[0179] In other words, the nano bubble device 2 being an integral part of the mixing arrangement 1.

[0180] In certain embodiments, the first inlet arrangement 300 further comprises a solid inlet 13 arranged to receive a solid substance.

[0181] In certain embodiments, the nano bubble device 2 comprising any one of the following: pressurized dissolution device, a rotational flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic device and venturi device. In certain embodiments, the nano bubble device 2 is configured to provide bubbles having a diameter less than 180 nm. In pressurized dissolution method ultrafine bubble generation is based on the principles of Henry's Law, which relates the concentration of a gas to the partial pressure. This means that more gas can be dissolved into a solution at a higher pressure. The principle of the ultrafine bubble generator is as follows: Via a venturi system the liquid and the gas are mixed together, in the next step in the mixing box the gas is melted into the water via pressurization. In the last step via a nozzle the water and gas are discharged. Due to drastic drop in pressure of the supersaturated liquid gas solution, the gas is expelled as fine bubbles and ultrafine bubbles in the liquid.

[0182] The figure 3 shows one embodiment of a device of the pressurized dissolution method. Liquid L is pumped into the unit under pressure. By narrowing the diameter of the pipe, the speed of the incoming liquid flow is increased, which converts most of the pump pressure into dynamic pressure, thus reducing static pressure and air being suctioned through negative pressure. After the liquid L and suctioned gas G become saturated with bubbles, the liquid / gas flow is sent through a wider pipe to reduce the speed of the flow, where dynamic pressure is converted back to static pressure and the process of pressurized dissolution of gas takes place. After the gas is completely dissolved into the liquid, the liquid / gas is ejected at once using atmospheric pressure, causing the liquid to become oversaturated, and massive ultra-fine nanobubbles are released. Rotational flow is also often called Swirl Method or Spiral Flow. This fine bubble generator generates bubbles according to the Bernoulli's principle. In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. Centuries later, fine bubble generators are made based on this principle. Followed 50 years later by the Swirling jet flame. In the mid-nineties, the first swirling type micro-bubbles was invented in Japan. The principle of the fine bubble generator is as follows: water is put into a cylindrical tank from the topside and made to flow in a spiral downwards. From the centre bottom of the cylinder, the gas is sucked in. The rotating water is sheared to the top of the cylinder, producing fine bubbles. However, it's generally acknowledged in the ultrafine bubble industry that the bubble concentration of the pressurized dissolution method is higher than the rotational flow. The static mixer has its origin from mixing two liquids. Instead of mixing two liquids, there is also the possibility of mixing a liquid and a gas. This technology is based on the principle of creating a vortex and bringing into the vortex a gas very effectively. Due to the turbulent flow gas will break the vortex and the collisions between water and gas creates the nanobubbles. The benefits of the static mixers are that they have a relatively simple design, and they can treat large volumes of water at once with relatively little energy compared to many of the other above nanobubble generators. Finally, they are not sensitive to clogging. The acniti Turbiti technology is a combination of the turbulent static mixer and the Ejector Nozzle. In the ejector nozzle nanobubble generator type, liquid flow channels in the cylindrical generator are designed to shrink and stepwise enlarge. The gas is brought in under negative pressure at the most reduced pressure point and reduced to a number of nanobubbles by cavitation. In this device, the water flow is highly turbulent, and the gas is reduced to nanobubbles by cavitation. Ejector nozzles are closely related to hydrodynamic cavitation generators, with this method cavitation is generated by the flow of liquid through a simple geometry under controlled conditions. In this nanobubble generator, when the pressure falls below the vapor pressure of the liquid, the liquid flashes, generating a number of cavities. The cavities collapse when the pressure recovers. The collapse of the cavitation bubbles starts some physicochemical effects such as shock waves, shear forces and chemical reactions. Free radicals are sometimes generated by these processes. The hammermill rotation concept is a unique concept compared to all the other nanobubble generation techniques, as it does not use a pump to generate nanobubble. Instead, it uses a motor with hammers mounted on the shaft. The motor turns at a velocity of 3400 rotations per minute in a tube. The tube fills with water from the top, and the gas injection is also from the top. The hammers on the shaft dissolve the gas and crushes the gas into nanobubble at the bottom of the unit the nanobubbles come out. The hammer rotation concept is the most energy friendly way to generate nanobubbles as it is not moving large amounts of water and doesn't need a high pressure but uses all its energy to crush the gas. The lineup of hammermill rotation nanobubble generators is called the microStar nanobubble generator.

[0183] In certain embodiments, the decomposing device 3 comprises an electrolytic cell 35.

[0184] In certain embodiments, the electrolytic cell 35 comprises an anode element 31 and a cathode element 32. In certain embodiments, the electrolytic cell 35 comprises an anode element 31 and a cathode element 32, and the anode element 31 comprises platinum and the cathode element 32 comprises stainless steel. In certain embodiments, the electrolytic cell 35 comprises an anode element 31 and a cathode element 32, and the anode element 31 and the cathode element 32 comprises diamond. In certain embodiments, the electrolytic cell 35 comprises an anode element 31 and a cathode element 32, and the anode element 31 and the cathode element 32 comprises black diamond. In certain embodiments, the electrolytic cell 35 is arranged to receive the mixture from the nano bubble device 2. In certain embodiments, the decomposing device 3 comprises an electrolytic cell 35 comprising an anode element 31 and a cathode element 32. In certain embodiments, the anode element 31 comprises platinum and the cathode element 32 comprises stainless steel. In certain embodiments, the anode element 31 and the cathode element 32 comprises diamond. In certain embodiments, the anode element 31 and the cathode element 32 comprises black diamond. In certain embodiments, the anode element 31 comprises an ion exchange film and the cathode element 32 comprises stainless steel. In certain embodiments, the decomposing device 3 is arranged to receive the mixture from the nano bubble device 2.

[0185] In certain embodiments, the first decomposing system 100 comprises an outlet arrangement 37 arranged to enable obtaining compounds C from the first decomposing system 100. In certain embodiments the first decomposing system 100 comprises a first passage 13 arranged to transfer a mixture comprising the water and bubbles from the mixing arrangement 1 to the nano bubble device 2. In certain embodiments the apparatus 100 comprises a second passage 21 arranged to transfer a mixture comprising the water and the nano bubbles from the nano bubble device 2 to the decomposing device 3.

[0186] Figure 3 shows an embodiment wherein the mixing arrangement 1 is an integral part of the nano bubble device 2. It should be noted that the embodiments shown in figure 3 may be incorporated with the embodiments shown in figure 2.

[0187] Figure 4 shows schematically one embodiment of an additional decomposing system according to the present invention.

[0188] In certain embodiments, the apparatus 1000 comprises one or more additional decomposing systems 2000, 2000', 2000".

[0189] It should be noted that the embodiments shown in figure 4 may be incorporated with the embodiments shown in figures 2 and 3.

[0190] In some embodiments, the additional decomposing system 2000 being similar to the first decomposing system 100. This means that the additional decomposing system 2000 may comprise same devices and features than the first decomposing system 100.

[0191] Each of the one or more additional decomposing systems 2000, 2000', 2000" comprises: a first inlet arrangement 2003 of the additional decomposing system 2000, 2000', 2000' arranged to receive an liquid composition and a gaseous composition, a mixing arrangement 2001 of the additional decomposing system 2000, 2000', 2000" arranged to produce bubbles, a nanobubble device 2 of the additional decomposing system 2000, 2000', 2000" arranged to decrease the size of bubbles, a decomposing device 2003 of the additional decomposing system 2000, 2000', 2000" arranged to decompose at least part of molecules in the bubbles having the decreased diameter, and an outlet arrangement 2037 of the additional decomposing system 2000, 2000', 2000" arranged to supply a gaseous composition from the additional decomposition system 2000, 2000', 2000", and the first inlet arrangement 2300 of the one or more additional decomposing systems

[0192] 2000, 2000', 2000" is connected to the outlet arrangement 37 of the first decomposing system 100 as shown in figure 4.

[0193] Figure 5 shows schematically one embodiment of apparatus according to the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments shown in figure 5 may be incorporated with any combination of the embodiments shown in figures 2,3 and 4. In the embodiment shown in figure 5, the apparatus 1000 comprises one or more additional decomposing systems 2000, 2000', 2000". The first decomposing system 100 and each of the one or more additional decomposing systems 2000, 2000', 2000" are connected together in series.

[0194] In other words, one or more additional decomposing systems 2000, 2000', 2000" means one or more further decomposing systems.

[0195] In some embodiments, the apparatus 1000 comprises one or more additional decomposing systems 2000, 2000', 2000"; the first decomposing system 100 and each of the one or more additional decomposing systems 2000 are connected together in series so that the first decomposing system 100 and each of the one or more additional decomposing systems 2000, 2000', 2000" enable a flow from a first inlet arrangement 37 of the first decomposing system 100 to the outlet arrangement 2037" of the last one of the additional decomposing systems 2000".

[0196] In certain embodiments, the apparatus 1000 comprises one or more additional outlets between adjacent the first decomposing system 100 and the one or more additional decomposing systems 2000, 2000', 2000" (not shown in the figure). The one or more one or more additional outlets are arranged to enable obtaining liquid composition, solid composition, or liquid composition and solid composition from any combination of the following: the first decomposing system 100 and the one or more additional decomposing systems 2000, 2000', 2000".

[0197] In certain embodiments, the one or more one or more additional outlets are arranged to enable obtaining liquid composition, solid composition, or liquid composition and solid composition from the first decomposing system 100 or the one or more additional decomposing systems 2000, 2000', 2000" In certain embodiments, the apparatus 1000 comprises one or more additional outlets between adjacent the first decomposing system 100 and the one or more additional decomposing systems 2000, 2000', 2000" (not shown in the figure). The one or more one or more additional outlets are arranged to enable obtaining a gaseous composition from any combination of the following: the first decomposing system 100 and the one or more additional decomposing systems 2000, 2000', 2000".

[0198] In certain embodiments, the one or more one or more additional outlets are arranged to enable obtaining a gaseous composition from the first decomposing system 100 or from the one or more additional decomposing systems 2000, 2000', 2000". It is to be understood that the above description and the accompanying Figures are only intended to teach the best way known to the inventors to make and use the invention. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The above-described embodiments of the invention may thus be modified or varied, without departing from the invention, as appreciated by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings.

[0199] It is therefore to be understood that the invention and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the claims.

Claims

Claims1. A method for producing a composition, characterized in that the method (5000) comprises:- providing a first liquid composition and a first gaseous composition (5001),- producing a mixture comprising the first liquid composition and bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition (5002),- decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition (5003), and- decomposing with energy at least a part of molecules in the bubbles having the decreased diameter (5004).

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that:- the first liquid composition being water; or- the first liquid composition being purified water; or- the first liquid composition comprises water.

3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:- the first gaseous composition comprises carbon dioxide; or- the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas; or- the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas from an industrial facility, the waste gas comprising carbon dioxide; or- the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas from an industrial facility; or- the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas from an industrial facility, the waste gas comprises two or more different compounds.

4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the method comprises:- obtaining a second gaseous composition from the decomposed first gaseous composition,- producing a mixture comprising liquid and bubbles comprising the second gaseous composition,- decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the second gaseous composition, and- decomposing with energy at least a part of molecules in the second gaseous composition.

5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that:- the method is carried out at a temperature of 90 degrees C or less; or- the method is carried out at a temperature in the range of 15 to 90 degrees C; or- the method is carried out at a temperature in the range of 15 to 40 degrees C.

6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that:- the step of decreasing a diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device (2); or- the step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device (2) providing bubbles having a diameter less than 180 nm; or- the step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device (2) comprising any one of the following: pressurized dissolution device, a rotational flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic device and venturi device; or- the step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device (2) comprising any one of the following: pressurized dissolution device, a rotational flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic device or venturi device, and the nano bubble device (2) providing bubbles having a diameter less than 180 nm.

7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that:- the energy in the step of decomposing with energy being electric energy provided with an electrolytic cell (35).

8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that:- the step of decomposing with energy is carried out with an anode element (31) and a cathode element (32), and the method comprises providing the anode element (31) and the cathode element (32) with electric energy.

9. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that:- the anode element (31) comprises platinum and the cathode element(32) comprises stainless steel; or- the anode element (31) and the cathode element (32) comprise diamond or black diamond; or- the anode element (31) comprises an ion exchange film and the cathode element (32) comprises stainless steel.

10. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that:- the method further comprises providing a first solid composition in the step of a providing a first liquid composition and a first gaseous composition (5001); or- the method comprises providing a catalyst; or- the method comprises providing a catalyst, and the bubbles comprise the gaseous substance and a catalyst; or- the method comprises a step of providing the bubbles with a catalyst, the catalyst comprises metallic nanoparticles.

11. A method according to any one of claims Ito 10, characterized in that the method comprises:- separating a second liquid composition from the first liquid composition after the step of decomposing at least part of molecules in the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition.

12. A method according to any one of claims Ito 11, characterized in that method comprises repeating two or more times the following steps after the step of decomposing with energy at least part of molecules in the first gaseous composition- obtaining a gaseous composition from the previous step,- decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the obtained gaseous composition, and- decomposing the with energy at least some molecules in the gaseous composition obtained from the previous step.

13. A method according to any one of claims Ito 12, characterized in that:- the method comprises a step of composing other molecules from the decomposed molecules; or- the method comprises a step of composing solid molecules, liquid molecules or gaseous from molecules comprising the decomposed molecules.

14. Apparatus (1000) for producing a composition, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the apparatus (1000) comprises:- a first decomposing system (100),- the first decomposing system (100) comprises: a first inlet arrangement (300) of the first decomposing system (100) arranged to receive a first liquid composition and a first gaseous composition, a mixing arrangement (1) of the first decomposing system (100) arranged to produce bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition, a nanobubble device (2) of the first decomposing system (100) arranged to decrease the size of bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition, a decomposing device (3) of the first decomposing system (100) arranged to decompose at least part of molecules of the first gaseous composition in the bubbles having the decreased diameter, and an outlet arrangement (37) of the first decomposing system (100) arranged to supply a gaseous composition from the first decomposition system (100).

15. Apparatus (1000) according to claim 14, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that:- the apparatus (1000) comprises one or more additional decomposing systems (2000, 2000', 2000"),- each of the one or more additional decomposing systems (2000, 2000', 2000") comprises: a first inlet arrangement (2003) of the additional decomposing system (2000, 2000', 2000") arranged to receive an liquid composition and a gaseous composition, a mixing arrangement (2001) of the additional decomposing system (2000, 2000', 2000") arranged to produce bubbles, a nanobubble device (2002) of the additional decomposing system (2000, 2000', 2000") arranged to decrease the size of bubbles, a decomposing device (2003) of the additional decomposing system (2000, 2000', 2000") arranged to decompose at least part of molecules in the bubbles having the decreased diameter, and an outlet arrangement (2037) of the additional decomposing system (2000, 2000', 2000") arranged to supply a gaseous composition from the additional decomposition system (2000, 2000', 2000"), and- the first inlet arrangement (2003) of the one or more additional decomposing systems (2000, 2000', 2000") is connected to the outlet arrangement (37) of the first decomposing system (100).

16. Apparatus (1000) according to any one of claims 14 or 15, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that:- the apparatus (1000) comprises one or more additional decomposing systems (2000, 2000', 2000"); the first decomposing system (100) and each of the one or more additional decomposing systems (2000, 2000', 2000") are connected together in series; or- the apparatus (1000) comprises one or more additional decomposing systems (2000, 2000', 2000"); the first decomposing system (100) and each of the one or more additional decomposing systems (2000) are connected together in series so that the first decomposing system (100) and each of the one or more additional decomposing systems (2000, 2000', 2000") enable a flow from a first inlet arrangement (37) of the first decomposing system (100) to the outlet arrangement (2037") of the last one of the additional decomposing systems (2000").

17. Apparatus (1000) according to any one of claims 14 to 16, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that:- the apparatus (1000) is arranged to carry out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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