Liquid nitrogen engine and multi-stage reversed carnot's law applied combined (cryogenic) engine

Abstract

The present invention relates to a Carnot and reversed Carnot applied combined engine which uses a Carnot engine using a cryogenic working medium (nitrogen or argon, etc.), and in which a spent gaseous working medium is repeatedly used by being re-liquified again using a multi-stage reversed Carnot heat pump cooling engine (general refrigerant, ethylene, LNG (methane), nitrogen, and argon, etc.).

Description

Liquid nitrogen engine and multistage inverse Carnot law application combination (cryogenic) engine

[0001] The present invention relates to a compound cryogenic engine that uses a Carnot engine and a multi-stage inverse Carnot engine together using a cryogenic working medium. Specifically, the invention relates to a Carnot and multi-stage compound cryogenic engine that uses a liquid-state cryogenic refrigerant such as nitrogen to obtain power by recovering to room temperature and slightly heating it to cause a large volume expansion and pressure difference as a power source, and uses the generated power, etc. to cool it using a multi-stage heat pump to relieve pressure while producing and storing energy through cooling, condensation, and liquefaction, and reusing it.

[0002] Most of humanity has been domesticated and only thinks and learns from the standpoint of a member of a social organization and as an expert in their own field, and they only know expert knowledge and expert skills, and they have not even imagined how to apply and utilize the energy production method of the present invention and the effect of increasing pseudo-vapor pressure.

[0003] If this is a concept of a professional 1-2 dimensional diary that pursues cutting-edge future-oriented knowledge and technology, then this invention is a primitive invention that finds and utilizes simple things that experts have missed from a scientist = non-expert perspective, and is an invention that came from the idea of ​​a method to apply and utilize 3D reality = primitive scientific phenomena with rudimentary technology.

[0004] Humanity has mistakenly dismissed the law of conservation of energy as a law of inability to produce. This was a narrow-minded view from the perspective of engineers, who only readily utilized hot heat energy. This tendency to primarily utilize hot heat, as it is now practiced, corresponds to the Carnot law and the Carnot engine. This engine consumes heat energy while discarding it.

[0005] However, since heat energy E = (temperature difference / temperature) x temperature difference x specific heat x mass = * x temperature difference^2, the theory that energy production is impossible violates thermodynamics. In addition, the (multi-stage) reverse Carnot engine, which is the inverse of the Carnot law = opposite, is an engine that produces and stores energy, unlike the Carnot engine. In addition, the process of cooling and producing ultra-low temperature liquid refrigerants maximizes energy storage efficiency and multiplication, and when ultra-low temperature refrigerants are used, there are effects that can recover more energy other than the energy multiplication efficiency according to the Carnot and reverse Carnot laws. For example, when producing liquid nitrogen, liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees can be obtained by pressurizing it by about 4 stages x 50 atmospheres or less, and if this liquid nitrogen is recovered only to 0 degrees, about 2,000 atmospheres will be obtained, (expected to be about 3 to 10 kWh or more per liter), and when heated to 570 degrees for thermal power generation, 270,000 atmospheres is expected.

[0006] In general, power generation devices can be broadly classified into external combustion engines that burn fuel in a separate combustion chamber outside the engine and generate power using a separate working medium such as steam, and internal combustion engines that burn fuel in a combustion chamber inside the cylinder and generate power by the force of the combusted gas.

[0007] In addition, external combustion engines such as steam turbines and gas turbines that rotate the turbine with the discharge pressure of the working medium generated when the fuel is combusted are not subject to fuel restrictions unlike internal combustion engines and have the advantage of being able to obtain large amounts of output. However, they have the disadvantage of lower thermal efficiency and greater weight loss compared to internal combustion engines, and are therefore mainly used in limited quantities in large-scale machinery such as thermal power plants and large ships.

[0008] Conventional engines are energy-consuming machines that generate power by applying a small amount of initial energy, such as pressurized ignition, and then increasing the pressure from a heat source or other source. These energy-consuming machines suffer from the problem that the amount of energy produced is very small compared to the amount of energy input.

[0009] Meanwhile, waste heat power generation systems that generate power using waste heat generated from various processes in industrial plant facilities and waste heat generated from fuel cells are being used as a technology for utilizing new and renewable energy that generates power using low-temperature heat. However, due to their very low efficiency, they are not as widely used as other new and renewable energy technologies.

[0010] The power generation cycle using a working medium involves, for example, the stages of compression, thermal expansion, evaporation, expansion (evaporation), and condensation. The evaporation conditions of the working medium require lower pressure and higher temperature to facilitate evaporation, while the condensation conditions require higher pressure and lower temperature. Furthermore, during the process of transformation in the evaporator, the required amount of heat, assuming the minimum heating temperature required for evaporation to absorb the latent heat of vaporization, must be continuously supplied to enable continuous evaporation of the working medium to generate power.

[0011] The energy consuming institutions described below require very large-scale facilities, which not only incur high installation costs but also present the problem of requiring additional cooling of the operating medium after use.

[0012] 1. Power generation device, Carnot engine

[0013] Heat engines up to now are power generation devices that utilize heat transfer from high temperature to room temperature using a heat source or combustion heat.

[0014] For example, using a Carnot engine, in the case of nuclear or thermal power generation, it is an engine that heats water with a critical temperature of 374 degrees and a critical pressure of 218 atm as a working medium to about 574 degrees and converts energy using a turbine, etc. under a pressure of about 1000 atm. At this time, the energy thermal efficiency E according to the Carnot engine = temperature difference / absolute temperature = (570-100) / (570 + 273) = about 55%. As mentioned above, the water used after heating for energy production has a high temperature of over 300 degrees. Therefore, to explain the problems in detail, heat engines using water with a critical point of 374 degrees discard heat sources below the critical temperature, and heat engines cannot effectively utilize high temperatures over 570 degrees. Heat engines only utilize energy mainly between 570 degrees and 370 degrees, so the maximum efficiency is at an upper limit of about 50%.

[0015] In addition, all conventional methods do not apply a heat pump unlike the present invention because the operating temperature of water is 150 degrees or higher, and in particular, do not utilize temperatures below 100 degrees or room temperature. In other words, a temperature difference greater than (temperature difference) x temperature difference / (temperature + 273) is required, but since water is used as the operating medium, it cannot be actively utilized.

[0016] Conventional energy consumption systems utilize readily available energy sources, such as heat, so their efficiency is bound to be below 100%. Using a reverse Carnot engine, energy is produced and stored through cryogenic cooling (=temperature difference production), liquefaction (storage), and then, as the process of returning to room temperature heats up, and the resulting pressure increase is used to recover it using a Carnot engine, a method that runs counter to almost all conventional ideas.

[0017] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a method that applies the principle that efficiency improves as the operating temperature of the engine decreases in the Carnot law temperature difference efficiency = temperature difference / absolute temperature.

[0018] Until now, the Carnot engine, which utilizes the Carnot law of heat engines, has consumed and released energy by consuming the temperature difference energy of a high-temperature, high-quality heat source. In short, it was intended to be easy to use. Existing engine = Simple Carnot engine

[0019] Conversely, when cryogenic temperatures are achieved (using a multi-stage heat pump), the working medium liquefies. This process, in contrast to the Carnot engine, provides a method for generating and storing energy, allowing the liquefied working medium to undergo tremendous volumetric expansion and pressure increase upon return to room temperature and slight heating.

[0020] This principle is achieved by generating and storing energy using a multi-stage reverse Carnot engine, and then generating tremendous power with just a slight return to room temperature and heating. Expressed mathematically, this equation is: (multi-stage) reverse Carnot engine + (single-stage) Carnot complex application engine = energy production + power recovery complex engine (method).

[0021] 1) The principle of energy multiplication is applied because it can operate at a temperature slightly higher than room temperature and at low temperature expansion by a heat pump.

[0022] 2) It is applied in a low temperature range by using a cryogenic medium.

[0023] 3) Carnot's law Temperature difference efficiency E = Temperature difference / (Temperature + 273) The higher the operating temperature, the lower the energy recovery efficiency, but the efficiency increases as the operating range decreases.

[0024] 4) Apply Carnot's law (heat engine) and inverse Carnot's law (heat pump).

[0025] Carnot's law (heat engine) is more efficient at low temperatures, and reverse Carnot's law (heat pump) is more efficient at high temperatures.

[0026] At this time, by applying a heat pump at low temperature expansion (cooling) and high to medium temperature, the total temperature difference is increased, thereby increasing energy.

[0027] 5) By liquefying the working medium, a lot of energy is produced, stored, and made ready for use.

[0028] As a means of solving the above problem, the present invention obtains a pressure of 2 to 3,000 atmospheres by simply restoring the temperature of an extremely low-temperature liquid such as liquid nitrogen to room temperature using a thermodynamic application energy production method, and obtains power using a pressure-using engine (engine = Carnot engine).

[0029] At this time, the working medium used in the engine is a cryogenic medium, making reliquefaction extremely difficult. However, this reliquefaction process can be overcome by applying a multistage inverse Carnot engine.

[0030] Specifically, unlike the above-mentioned Carnot engine, the multistage inverse Carnot engine performs the role of producing and storing energy.

[0031] Specifically, a Carnot engine using an ultra-low temperature working medium and a multi-stage reverse Carnot engine that cools and re-liquefies the working medium are combined to allow for permanent repetition.

[0032] As described above, the liquid nitrogen engine and the multi-stage inverse Carnot law application engine of the present invention operate in a low temperature range by utilizing an ultra-low temperature medium, and thus have the effect of high energy recovery efficiency.

[0033] In addition, since it operates in a low-temperature region, it is easy to obtain a heat source, and it attempts to expand the temperature difference = energy multiplication at temperatures below room temperature, and the energy multiplication effect is further expanded when multiple heat pumps are applied.

[0034] Additionally, by configuring each heat pump in multiple stages, the energy recovery efficiency can exceed 100%, thereby improving energy efficiency.

[0035] Additionally, by utilizing Carnot and reverse Carnot's laws, energy can be produced with high efficiency at both low and high temperatures.

[0036] In addition, it has the effect of being widely used as it can be installed regardless of location as it has less noise and vibration due to the operation of turbines, etc. and can be installed and operated in small quantities like a household boiler.

[0037] The present invention can be used in buses, automobiles, ships, household and industrial power generation, etc.

[0038] Additionally, it can be used for independent spaces such as submarines, or for space exploration such as the moon or Mars.

[0039] Figure 1 is a schematic drawing showing a general refrigerant circuit of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the ultra-low temperature active gas circuit of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the ultra-low temperature inert medium circuit of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 4 is a schematic drawing showing an example of an open type of a trigger device using a cryogenic medium of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 5 is a schematic drawing showing an example of a closed type of a triggering device using the cryogenic medium of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 6 is a drawing schematically showing the overall shape of an actuator using an ultra-low temperature medium of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 7 is a diagram showing changes in pressure according to temperature changes within the critical temperature and boiling point of the present invention.

[0046] In order to achieve the above purpose and effect, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings as follows.

[0047] The present invention utilizes a working medium capable of energy multiplication at low temperatures, and is characterized by increasing energy efficiency by amplifying and recovering energy at a low temperature mixed temperature difference by applying a combination of Carnot and reverse Carnot cycles and a working medium, and is characterized by being capable of exceeding high energy recovery efficiency and even production when certain conditions are satisfied.

[0048] Here, the working medium may be a refrigerant used in a heat pump. Specifically, it may be one that releases and absorbs heat through repeated condensation and expansion. The working medium or working medium described below may include a working medium.

[0049] High-efficiency energy recovery or energy multiplication principle

[0050] A. Consideration of the efficiency of the Carnot law (favorable at low temperatures) and the reverse Carnot cycle (favorable at high temperatures) at low and high temperatures.

[0051] 1) Carnot's law (cycle) = Theoretical maximum energy efficiency of a heat engine = (temperature difference) / (temperature + 273)

[0052] In case of 1 degree difference in ultra-low temperature, thermal efficiency e = 1 / (-272+273) = 100%.

[0053] In the case of a 1 degree difference at extremely high temperatures (infinity), the thermal efficiency e = 1 / (1+273+infinity) = 0.

[0054] 2) The inverse of the temperature difference efficiency for each temperature applied in 1) above becomes the heat pump performance coefficient.

[0055] 3) Heat pump performance factor at cryogenic temperatures f = 1 / 1 = 1 = 100% (no gain from heat pump)

[0056] 4) At extremely high temperatures, the heat pump performance coefficient f=1 / 0 = infinity.

[0057] conclusion

[0058] A. The lower the temperature, the better the temperature difference energy recovery efficiency.

[0059] B. The higher the temperature, the better the heat pump performance coefficient.

[0060] That is, commercialization is possible at any time.

[0061] 1. Temperature difference energy

[0062] E = Carnot efficiency * temperature difference * mass * specific heat, but in the case of water, the mass and specific heat are each 1, so in simple terms, E = temperature difference / (absolute temperature) * temperature difference = temperature difference^2 / (absolute temperature). The amount of heat produced (combusted) = combustion heat (energy), but in Carnot's law (thermodynamic heat engine) or inverse Carnot's law (refrigeration heat pump), unlike heat energy such as combustion = friction, etc., energy becomes ∑small temperature difference energy < ∑total temperature difference energy.

[0063] Additionally, when the working medium is applied as a working fluid, the critical point is lower than that of water, so the efficiency increases according to Carnot's law.

[0064] When the working medium is applied to a refrigeration pump and a heat pump, the critical point of the working medium is below room temperature, so cooling below room temperature can be said to theoretically not require any energy for cooling, as the temperature is recovered by the atmosphere.

[0065] As described above, the working medium generates a temperature change with high efficiency, and by using the temperature increase through a return or additional heat source equivalent to the temperature change to form a pressure difference, and by using the pressure difference to generate power, energy can be recovered. Specifically, according to Carnot's law (heat engine) and inverse Carnot's law (heat pump), the lower the temperature, the greater the efficiency, and the higher the temperature, the greater the efficiency. By utilizing this, energy can be produced using the working medium at a temperature below room temperature, and by supplying heat as an additional heat source at a temperature above room temperature, thereby producing energy once again, thereby maximizing the efficiency of energy production.

[0066] Let us illustrate an example of an organ using the pseudo-saturated vapor pressure.

[0067] For water, the pseudo-saturated vapor pressure (P) can be 1 atm at 100 degrees and 218 atm at the critical point of 374 degrees. Here, the pseudo-saturated vapor pressure (P) can be (temperature / 100)^4.

[0068] For helium, the pseudo-saturated vapor pressure (P) can be 1 atm at -268.93 degrees Celsius and 29 atm at -265.63 degrees Celsius.

[0069] As shown above, the saturation vapor pressures of water and helium are similar. For water, a temperature increase of approximately 274 degrees Celsius was required to achieve approximately 200 atm. For helium, a temperature increase of approximately 3 degrees Celsius resulted in 29 atm. In other words, when exposed to room temperature, a pressure of over 1,000 atm can be generated naturally. Consequently, a pressure differential can be created without any additional energy supply.

[0070] As described above, when using a multistage reverse Carnot engine with nitrogen as the working medium, nitrogen is liquefied through four stages of cooling, and the liquefied nitrogen is then returned to room temperature at a total pressure of 200 atm, generating a pressure difference of approximately 2,000 atm, which can be used to produce energy. This will be explained in detail below using tables and graphs.

[0071]

[0072] Table 1

[0073] Table 1 and Figure 7 above show the change in pressure according to the change in temperature within the critical temperature and boiling point of each substance.

[0074] According to Table 1 and Fig. 7 above, the entire activation and re-liquefaction energy multiplication circuit = ∑ temperature difference energy. Since the circuit using the energy multiplication device of the present invention operates only from the boiling point to the critical temperature, the maximum pressure can be approximately 50 atm. In addition, when using a four-stage device using propane, ethylene, LNG, and nitrogen, it is possible to secure energy at 7000 atm through pressurization at 50 x 4 = 200 atm.

[0075] The engine of the present invention (hereinafter, “the engine”) may be configured to include a general refrigerant circuit (10), a cryogenic active gas circuit (20), and a cryogenic inert medium circuit (30) to control the temperature of the refrigerant when generating power using a Carnot engine. The cryogenic active gas circuit (20) and the cryogenic inert medium circuit (30) may each include or omit the general refrigerant circuit, and may be formed in multiple numbers to have temperature stages so that nitrogen can be liquefied within the engine using nitrogen as a refrigerant, thereby enabling reuse. Details will be described later.

[0076] The engine of the present invention may include a liquid nitrogen engine and an engine utilizing the multistage inverse Carnot law. For example, a liquid nitrogen engine may be applied to an engine utilizing the multistage inverse Carnot law, thereby maintaining an extremely low temperature by circulating liquid nitrogen, and vice versa. Furthermore, power may be generated by slightly heating liquid nitrogen and utilizing the pressure difference of the expanding nitrogen. In this case, the heating may utilize the specific heat of the atmosphere or may be performed using a separate heating device.

[0077] The engine of the present invention may include an engine device using a cryogenic medium that uses at least one of hydrogen, helium, neon, argon, oxygen, methane, and LNG as a working medium in a cryogenic liquid state, performs room temperature recovery and heating using the atmospheric specific heat of the working medium, and utilizes volume expansion and pressure increase as a power source, and the used working medium is discharged and discarded through a valve.

[0078] Here, an organ can mean a combination of mechanical devices that perform various roles.

[0079] The starting device of the present invention may be a liquid nitrogen-powered atmospheric discharge engine that discharges the working medium into the atmosphere.

[0080] The atmospheric emission device (90) of the present invention may be a device that forms pressure by the volume that increases as the working medium located within the circuit vaporizes and generates power through the formed pressure.

[0081] In addition, the atmospheric emission device (90) may be formed of a material that can withstand low temperature and high pressure in each component in order to utilize high temperature, low temperature, ultra-low temperature, and cryogenic media.

[0082] In addition, the working medium may be, but is not limited to, atmospheric gas, propane gas, ethylene gas, CNG (Compressed Natural Gas), nitrogen, argon, helium, etc. Additionally, neon, oxygen, krypton, carbon dioxide, propylene, ammonia, isobutane, butane, acetone, methanol, ethanol, etc. may be used, but since compression and expansion are repeated, it may be preferable to use a safe inert or inert medium rather than an unstable medium.

[0083] The atmospheric discharge device (90) of the present invention moves the working medium stored in liquid form by pressurizing it in one direction using a pressurizing device. During the movement, the working medium heated by the heating source increases in volume, thereby forming a pressure difference with the atmosphere. This pressure difference generates power, and the power can be produced and utilized as energy.

[0084] Finally, the specific heat of the atmosphere can refer to the specific heat of the working medium.

[0085] Figure 1 is a schematic drawing showing a general refrigerant circuit (10) of the present invention.

[0086] The general refrigerant circuit (10) of the present invention with reference to FIG. 1 may include a storage unit (11), a pressure delivery unit (12), an expansion valve (14), and a heat exchange unit (19).

[0087] Here, the storage unit (11) may form a space where refrigerant is stored. For example, the refrigerant circulates throughout the circuit to generate temperature changes through compression and expansion. At this time, it may be a place where a large amount of liquefied refrigerant is stored. This storage unit (11) may be formed to withstand high pressure. Additionally, it may be capable of withstanding low or high temperatures, depending on the type of refrigerant.

[0088] Additionally, the pressure conveying unit (12) can perform the role of moving the refrigerant through external force.

[0089] Additionally, the expansion valve (14) may block a portion of the circuit, thereby allowing the refrigerant to have a high or low pressure in a specific area. In this case, the expansion valve (14) may be configured to be open or closed, thereby controlling the pressure in a desired area.

[0090] Additionally, the heat exchanger (19) can discharge heat from the refrigerant to the outside or, conversely, transfer external heat to the refrigerant. For example, when compressing and cooling the refrigerant, the heat from the refrigerant can be discharged, and when expanding and heating the refrigerant, the heat from the outside can be absorbed by the refrigerant. These properties can be utilized to apply to each circuit described later.

[0091] The atmospheric emission device (90) of the present invention may include a heating unit (10), a pressure delivery unit (12), a power unit (13), a storage unit (31), and an exhaust valve (35).

[0092] Here, the heating unit (10) may utilize the general refrigerant circuit (10) described above. For example, it may be used as a circuit that releases or absorbs heat depending on the direction of the refrigerant within the circuit of the general refrigerant circuit (10), and in the present invention, the heating unit (10) may perform a role of supplying heat to an adjacent space by allowing the general refrigerant circuit (10) to release heat.

[0093] The storage unit (31) of the present invention may be a space where the working medium is stored. Specifically, it may serve to store liquid nitrogen. This storage unit (31) may be formed with a structure capable of withstanding high pressure, and the walls of the storage unit (31) may be formed in multiple layers to withstand the pressure. Additionally, it may be formed with a material capable of operating normally at high or low temperatures. Furthermore, the storage unit (31) may be a region where the working medium compressed by the pressure delivery unit (12) and exhaust valve (35) described later expands and is partially vaporized.

[0094] The pressure conveying unit (12) of the present invention can perform the function of moving and compressing the working medium at high pressure through an external force. In addition, when the external force of the pressure conveying unit (12) is formed lower than the pressure of the storage unit (31), it can perform the function of transporting the working medium of the storage unit (31). This pressure conveying unit (12) can perform the function of maintaining a constant pressure when the pressure of the storage unit (31) is high or low.

[0095] The power unit (13) of the present invention may play a role of generating power through the pressure of the working medium moved by the pressure conveying unit (12). For example, the power unit (13) may be connected to a valve so as to discharge the working medium into the atmosphere, and may generate power through movement such as rotating a fan or moving a piston through the pressure of the working medium transferred above a certain pressure by the pressure conveying unit (12). In addition, a heating unit (10) may be positioned between the pressure conveying unit (12) and the power unit (13). For example, the working medium moved by the pressure conveying unit (12) may rapidly expand while being heated by the heating unit (10), thereby forming a strong pressure, and may generate power by rotating the fan of the power unit (13) through the pressure.

[0096] The exhaust valve (35) of the present invention may be formed to be connected to at least a portion of the storage unit (31). The exhaust valve (35) may discharge the working medium in order to lower the pressure when the pressure of the working medium inside the storage unit (31) increases due to an external influence. The exhaust valve (35) may discharge the working medium inside the storage unit (31) to the outside by forming or blocking a passage inside the valve. In addition, the exhaust valve (35) may be configured to move only in one direction. For example, if the storage unit (31) should contain only pure nitrogen as the working medium, and air in the atmosphere infiltrates the inside of the storage unit (31), the pure nitrogen may become contaminated, which may cause the circuit to not operate. To prevent this, the exhaust valve (35) may be formed as a check valve that only allows the working medium to be discharged from the storage unit (31) to the atmosphere. At this time, the check valve can be opened when the pressure inside the storage unit (31) increases, thereby further preventing air in the atmosphere from penetrating into the storage unit (31).

[0097] In addition, the exhaust valve (35) of the present invention may be additionally connected to the power unit (13). This exhaust valve (35) may perform the same role as the exhaust valve (35) connected to the storage unit (31), and may additionally allow the working medium that has passed through the power unit (13) to be discharged into the atmosphere. At this time, the exhaust valve (35) may be a check valve that allows movement in one direction. In addition, when the working medium is moved to the power unit (13) by the pressure delivery unit (12) and the power unit (13) generates power by utilizing the pressure difference of the moved working medium, the exhaust valve (35) may be in an open state. For example, the exhaust valve (35) may be in an open state when the power unit (13) generates power by utilizing the working medium, and when the pressure delivery unit (12) and the power unit (13) stop, the exhaust valve (35) may be in a closed state. Accordingly, the working medium used in the power unit (13) is discharged into the atmosphere, but air in the atmosphere can be prevented from penetrating into the power unit (13) or the pressure conveying unit (12) when the power unit (13) is not in use.

[0098] The atmospheric specific heat of the working medium used in the atmospheric emission engine (90) of the present invention may be heated to be circulated through a heat pump to increase the power of the power source.

[0099] Here, the heat pump may mean a general refrigerant circuit (10). Specifically, in order to supply heat to the working medium of the atmospheric discharge engine (90), it may be possible to exchange heat by using the general refrigerant circuit (10) to provide an area where heat is generated in the atmospheric discharge engine (90) with an area that absorbs heat from the general refrigerant circuit (10), and conversely, providing an area that releases heat from the general refrigerant circuit (10) with an area that absorbs heat from the atmospheric discharge engine (90).

[0100] Figure 2 is a schematic drawing showing the ultra-low temperature active gas circuit (20) of the present invention.

[0101] The valve (24) formed in the circuit of the present invention with reference to FIG. 2 may be connected to a storage unit (21) to allow the used operating medium to circulate, thereby forming an ultra-low temperature active gas circuit (20).

[0102] The valve (24) of the present invention may be formed to be connected to the storage unit (21) as an expansion valve. This expansion valve (24) may be replaced with an electronic valve, a mechanical valve, a capillary tube, etc., similar to the general refrigerant circuit (10) described above. In addition, the purpose is to re-liquefy the refrigerant by maintaining a pressure difference of a certain level or more between the pressure delivery unit (22) and the storage unit (21), and the refrigerant that has passed through the expansion valve (24) is circulated to the storage unit (21), but the pressure is relieved, so that the liquid-state working medium can be evaporated or put into a state of waiting for evaporation.

[0103] The engine of the present invention may include a starting valve that discharges at least a portion of the working medium so that circulation is possible when the device (a starting device using a cryogenic medium) is operated.

[0104] Here, the triggering device using a cryogenic medium may include a valve connected to a storage unit so that the internal working medium can circulate, and an expansion valve included in the connected area.

[0105] Additionally, a starter using a cryogenic medium may not operate smoothly during initial startup due to its closed circuit nature. To prevent this, the starter valve may be positioned between the power unit and the expansion valve.

[0106] Such a starting valve may allow the operating medium inside the device to be discharged to the outside, and the circuit may operate by supplying the discharged amount from the storage unit to the pressurized unit. A detailed explanation will be provided later.

[0107] Below, we will explain the step-by-step administration of a multi-stage inverse Carnot engine.

[0108] The engine of the present invention may utilize nitrogen as its main working medium. Specifically, to liquefy nitrogen at its boiling point of -196 degrees,

[0109] 1) General refrigerant heat pump circuit => -42 degrees

[0110] 2) Activated gas 1 ethylene cycle => -103 degrees

[0111] 3) Activated gas 2 LNG = methylene circuit => -161 degrees

[0112] 4) Inert gas nitrogen circuit => -196 degrees

[0113] A four-stage heat pump cooling circuit as described above may be required, with the circuit configuration for each stage being as follows:

[0114] 1) Heat pump cooling circuit

[0115] Storage section (can also be used as a heat exchanger for evaporation cooling) (11, 21, 31) => Pressure section (mainly for pressure transfer of gas) (12, 22, 31) => Expansion valve (maintains a pressure difference between the pressure section and the storage section, so that liquefaction is maintained in the previous stage and evaporation is maintained in the subsequent stage) (14, 24, 34)

[0116] Therefore, when not in operation (cooling), a small amount of operating medium is used in the storage unit to preserve it in a high-pressure gaseous state, or a separately connected service tank is provided.

[0117] 2) Unlike the above 2, the inactive working medium is not dangerous even if released to the atmosphere. Therefore, an exhaust (pressure check) valve is provided in the storage unit (11, 21, 31).

[0118] 3) Activated gas cryogenic refrigerant (heat pump cooling) circuit

[0119] The storage section of a typical refrigerant circuit operates at a pressure of approximately 50 atmospheres.

[0120] However, since cryogenic active gases do not liquefy at ambient temperatures, pressures that are difficult to handle are created.

[0121] The device (cooling heat pump circuit device) of the organ of the present invention may further include a service tank (25) that prevents pressure increase of the working medium that does not liquefy at room temperature and increases in pressure when the device (actuator using cryogenic medium) is operated.

[0122] Here, if the working medium is a general medium, liquefaction may be possible at room temperature or under slight pressure. However, if the working medium is a low-temperature medium, liquefaction may not occur at room temperature. In such cases, the pressure may increase due to continuous supply while the volume of the gas is limited. To prevent explosion due to excessive pressure increase, the storage unit may be equipped with a service tank (25).

[0123] The above service tank (25) can be applied to a cryogenic active gas circuit (20), but is not limited thereto. It can be applied to a general refrigerant circuit (10) and a cryogenic inert medium circuit (30).

[0124] Additionally, when discharged at room temperature, media that cause problems and media that do not cause problems can be used separately. For example, when using atmospheric gases directly, and when using argon and nitrogen gases, a separate service tank (25) may not be required for discharge into the atmosphere. Even in these cases, due to the high cost of argon and nitrogen gases, a service tank (25) may be used to minimize the amount discharged into the atmosphere.

[0125] Conversely, in the case of propane gas, ethylene gas, and CNG, which may cause air pollution, fire, etc. when released into the atmosphere, a service tank (25) may be essential. For example, if the above gases are released into the atmosphere, there is a risk of explosion depending on the amount released, so they may be stored in a service tank (25), or a very small amount may be released through the service tank (25).

[0126] Accordingly, it is possible to ensure safety and enable energy multiplication and recovery, independent of the risk of the medium used in the circuit.

[0127] In addition, the service tank (25) may be used only when the circuit is not in operation, but is not limited thereto. For example, when the circuit is in operation, a period occurs in which the refrigerant remains in a liquefied state, and thus the volume of the refrigerant is greatly reduced. This means that the pressure inside the circuit drops significantly, and the safety of the circuit can be ensured. Conversely, when the circuit is not in operation, the refrigerant cannot maintain its liquefied state and may vaporize. When vaporized, the volume increases compared to the liquefied state, and thus the pressure increases. In this case, the risk of explosion increases due to the high pressure, and to prevent this, the vaporized refrigerant is moved and stored in the service tank (25). As the vaporized refrigerant is stored in the service tank (25), the pressure inside the circuit decreases, thereby improving safety.

[0128] The working medium forming the ultra-low temperature active gas circuit (20) of the present invention may be one that applies ethylene.

[0129] Here, ethylene may be used in a cryogenic active gas circuit (20) having a service tank (25) as it may cause a hazard when released into the atmosphere as an active gas. Specifically, ethylene may have an operating temperature range of -80 to 90 degrees, and may cool or heat surrounding materials depending on the condition within the operating range.

[0130] The working medium forming the ultra-low temperature activated gas circuit (20) of the present invention may be LNG.

[0131] Here, LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) refers to methane, the main component of natural gas, liquefied for storage and transportation. LNG accounts for approximately 600% of natural gas by volume and is colorless, odorless, non-toxic, and non-corrosive. When used as the operating medium of the present invention, it can be cooled or heated to a temperature of -161 to -82 degrees Celsius.

[0132] Figure 3 is a schematic drawing of the ultra-low temperature inert medium circuit (30) of the present invention.

[0133] Referring to FIG. 3, the organ of the present invention may include a cryogenic inert medium circuit (30). The cryogenic inert medium circuit (30) may use an inert gas as a working medium. In addition, the cryogenic inert medium circuit (30) may discharge the working medium into the atmosphere when the pressure in the storage unit (31) where the working medium is stored is above a certain pressure through a check valve provided in the storage unit (31).

[0134] Here, the risk of explosion is significantly lower even if the inert gas is released into the atmosphere, so it can be released into the atmosphere.

[0135] However, if the used working medium is simply discharged into the atmosphere, the amount of wasted working medium may increase significantly. To prevent this, the heat exchanger (39) may be connected to the storage unit (31) and discharged to the atmosphere through a valve provided in the storage unit (31). At this time, a check valve may be provided between the heat exchanger (39) and the storage unit (31) to control the movement of the working medium in one direction and to control the pressure. In addition, the storage unit (31) may be provided with a valve to control the pressure of the working medium inside the storage unit (31). A detailed description will be provided later.

[0136] The working medium used in the ultra-low temperature inert medium circuit (30) of the present invention may be nitrogen or argon.

[0137] The working medium of the cryogenic inert medium circuit (30) of the present invention may be a material having a low boiling point among inert media. Specifically, a material having a very low boiling point, such as nitrogen or argon, may be used.

[0138] Specifically, it may be cooled or heated to a temperature of -196 to -147 degrees or -185 to -122 degrees using either nitrogen or argon.

[0139] The cryogenic inert medium circuit (30) of the present invention may include a storage unit (31), a pressure delivery unit (32), a heat exchange unit (39), an expansion valve (34), and an exhaust valve (35).

[0140] Here, the storage unit (31), the pressure delivery unit (32), the heat exchange unit (39) and the expansion valve (34) may perform the same roles as the storage unit (31), the pressure delivery unit (22), the heat exchange unit (39) and the expansion valve (24) of the ultra-low temperature activated gas circuit described above.

[0141] Additionally, the exhaust valve (35) can serve to discharge the working medium into the atmosphere as described above.

[0142] Specifically, the cryogenic inert medium circuit (30) may be used as a closed circuit. For example, the working medium in the storage unit (31) may be moved to the heat exchange unit (39) by the pressure transfer unit (32), generate power, and then moved back to the storage unit (31) through the expansion valve (34). At this time, since the entire circuit exchanges heat with the atmosphere, the temperature of the entire circuit may rise in the long term. Accordingly, the working medium in the storage unit (31) is continuously vaporized, and thus the pressure within the storage unit (31) may rise. In addition, since most of the working medium used while passing through the heat exchange unit (39) is in a gaseous state, the pressure in the storage unit (31) additionally rises. At this time, an exhaust valve (35) may be formed to prevent the pressure in the storage unit (31) from exceeding the pressure that it can withstand.

[0143] This exhaust valve (35) is preferably connected to the storage unit (31), but is not limited thereto. For example, a service tank (25) may be additionally provided in the storage unit (31), and the exhaust valve (35) may be connected to the service tank (25). In this configuration, waste of the operating medium can be minimized.

[0144] In addition, the expansion valve (34) of the present invention can play a role of causing a change in the state of the working medium. For example, the working medium can play a role of cooling the temperature of the working medium by forming pressure as it condenses in the heat exchange unit (39) and opening the expansion valve (34) to form a pressure change. This heat exchange unit (39) can be a heat dissipation condensation unit. In this case, the heat exchange unit (39) can play a role of cooling by compressing the pressure of the pressure delivery unit (32) and causing the working medium to expand when the expansion valve (34) is opened.

[0145] In addition, in the case where heat dissipation condensation is performed in the heat exchange unit (39) as described above, when the working medium moves based on the heat exchange unit (39), a heating unit that performs the role of recovering to room temperature or heating may be formed before the heat exchange unit (39), and a cooling unit that performs the role of recovering to room temperature or cooling may be formed after the heat exchange unit (39). In this case, the efficiency of the heat dissipation condensation unit can be maximized by supplying or releasing heat to the working medium. In addition, a discharge valve may be additionally formed after the cooling unit. This discharge valve may allow the working medium of the storage unit (31) to move in one direction by discharging the working medium when the cryogenic active gas circuit is first operated, thereby allowing the components of the cryogenic inert medium circuit (30) to perform their roles.

[0146] Figure 4 is a schematic drawing showing an example of an open type of a trigger device using an ultra-low temperature medium of the present invention.

[0147] The circuit of the present invention, referring to FIG. 4, may be at least partially open. Specifically, it may be an air discharge device (90).

[0148] As described above, the atmospheric discharge engine (90) of the present invention generates power by circulating the working medium stored in the storage unit (31) in one direction by the pressure delivery unit (12). Specifically, the working medium moved by the pressure delivery unit (12) receives heat from the heating unit (10) and expands. Accordingly, the volume increases within a limited space, generating pressure. The formed pressure further accelerates the movement in one direction, and this force may be used to generate power in the power unit (13). The working medium that has generated power may be discharged to the outside. In this case, for safety during atmospheric discharge, the working medium may use a stable gas in the atmosphere. For example, it may be argon, nitrogen, etc.

[0149] At this time, the storage unit (31) may include an exhaust valve (35). This may serve to discharge the working medium inside the storage unit (31) to the outside to prevent an explosion when the pressure inside the storage unit (31) increases.

[0150] Figure 5 is a schematic drawing showing an example of a closed type of a triggering device using the cryogenic medium of the present invention.

[0151] The Carnot engine (99) of the present invention with reference to FIG. 5 may include a heating unit (10), a storage unit (31), a pressure unit (12), a power unit (13), an expansion valve (34), an exhaust valve (35), and a starting valve (95).

[0152] Here, the heating unit (10), storage unit (31), pressure unit (12), power unit (13), expansion valve (34), and exhaust valve (35) can perform the same roles as described above.

[0153] Additionally, a starting valve (95) may be configured between the power unit (13) and the expansion valve (34).

[0154] The starting valve (95) of the present invention may be an exhaust starting valve (95). It may be configured to only allow exhaust. Specifically, it may play a role in starting the circuit before it operates. For example, the working medium stored in the storage unit (31) is moved by the pressure delivery unit (12), but the force may be weak compared to the stored pressure. Accordingly, the pressure delivery unit (12) may not operate normally. To prevent this, a starting valve (95) is configured, and the starting valve (95) is configured to enable the discharge of the working medium when it starts operating, so that the working medium can be circulated by the pressure of the pressure delivery unit (12). Since this starting valve (95) discharges the working medium to the outside, an appropriate operating time may be set so that the discharge of the working medium can be minimized. In addition, the expansion valve (34) may be in a closed state. Accordingly, the operating medium of the storage unit (31) moves by the pressure conveying unit (12), generates power in the power unit (13), and is discharged for a while through the starting valve (95). When the operation is normalized, the starting valve (95) is closed, and the Carnot engine (99) operates by controlling compression and expansion using the expansion valve (34).

[0155] The circuit of the present invention includes an ultra-low temperature active gas circuit (20) and an ultra-low temperature inert medium circuit (30), and heat generated in the ultra-low temperature inert medium circuit (30) can be released through the ultra-low temperature active gas circuit (20).

[0156] The cryogenic inert medium circuit (30) may be a circuit for liquefying a refrigerant with a very low critical point, such as nitrogen or argon. This will be explained in detail with reference to the table below.

[0157]

[0158] Table 1

[0159] Table 1 shows the boiling point at the above pressure and the minimum temperature and pressure for liquefaction for each refrigerant.

[0160] Referring to Table 1, nitrogen and argon, which are inert and noble gases at room temperature, require temperatures lower than -122.4 degrees Celsius and -118.4 degrees Celsius, respectively. However, nitrogen and argon can be liquefied at room temperature, but this requires a high pressure of approximately 1,000 atm. For this reason, 50 atm is used for liquefaction, which is the pressure and temperature that maximizes thermal efficiency. At this time, liquefying nitrogen and argon using 50 atm is difficult due to the liquefaction time and high energy consumption, so a stepwise cooling method can be implemented. For example, propane gas can be used for cooling in the range down to -30 degrees Celsius, CNG can be used for cooling in the range down to -80 degrees Celsius, and the sufficiently cooled nitrogen and argon gases can be further cooled for liquefaction. This method allows liquefaction of refrigerants at low pressures and has the effect of using less energy during the operation.

[0161] This cryogenic inert medium circuit (30) can be used alone, but is not limited thereto, and may be used together with the cryogenic active gas circuit (20). For example, when the cryogenic inert medium circuit (30) is used alone, the inert medium is heated from a low temperature to a high temperature in a short period of time and power is generated using the expansion pressure generated by the heating. The working medium that generates power in the heat exchanger may have a very high temperature. This working medium must be cooled. However, cooling to a low temperature below -196 degrees Celsius requires a lot of work. Accordingly, the cryogenic active gas circuit (20) may be used to lower the working medium of the cryogenic inert medium circuit (30) to a certain temperature, and then an additional cooling process may be performed. When this two-stage circuit is formed, the same effect as forming a high pressure using two low-pressure circuits can be achieved. For example, the working medium of the ultra-low temperature inert medium circuit (30) can be placed adjacent to the working medium of the ultra-low temperature activated gas circuit (20) to exchange temperatures between them. Accordingly, the inert gas used has a high temperature, and by cooling the inert gas through the atmospheric discharge device (90), the inert gas can be liquefied at a relatively low temperature.

[0162] At this time, the heating unit and the cooling unit of the ultra-low temperature active gas circuit (20) may be formed to enable heat exchange with the cooling unit and the heating unit of the ultra-low temperature inert medium circuit (30), respectively. For example, the cooling unit of the ultra-low temperature active gas circuit (20) and the heating unit of the ultra-low temperature inert medium circuit (30) may be adjacent to each other so that the heat of the working medium of the general cooling circuit (10) is transferred to the working medium of the ultra-low temperature inert medium circuit (30) and vaporized. In addition, the heating unit (10) of the ultra-low temperature active gas circuit (20) and the cooling unit of the ultra-low temperature inert medium circuit (30) are adjacent to each other so that the heat of the working medium of the ultra-low temperature inert medium circuit (30) is absorbed by the working medium of the ultra-low temperature active gas circuit (20), thereby greatly lowering the temperature of the inert gas.

[0163] Figure 6 is a drawing schematically showing the overall shape of an actuator using an ultra-low temperature medium of the present invention.

[0164] The engine of the present invention with reference to FIG. 6 includes a Carnot engine and a multi-stage inverse Carnot engine, wherein the Carnot engine and the multi-stage inverse Carnot engine may be configured to repeatedly perform cooling and re-liquefaction of the working medium by combining at least one heat pump cooling circuit device with a Carnot-driven circuit device that uses nitrogen or argon as an ultra-low temperature working medium.

[0165] When the Carnot engine (99) of the present invention is used singly, it may be difficult to use cryogenic media such as nitrogen or argon singly due to its closed nature. To prevent this, a reverse Carnot device that gradually lowers the temperature of the working medium may be used.

[0166] At this time, the working medium of the Carnot engine may be cooled and re-liquefied by combining a reverse Carnot engine (heat pump refrigeration circuit device) that uses different working media.

[0167] In the Carnot and reverse Carnot combination engine using multi-stage heat exchange according to the present invention, the combination device may re-liquefy and repeatedly use the working medium through a first stage of heat exchange by the heat pump cooling circuit device using a general refrigerant, a second stage of heat exchange by the heat pump cooling circuit device using ethylene as an active gas, a third stage of heat exchange by the heat pump cooling circuit device using LNG (methene) as an active gas, and a fourth stage of heat exchange by the heat pump cooling circuit device using nitrogen or argon as an inert gas.

[0168] For example, a general refrigerant circuit (10) forms stage 1, an ultra-low temperature active gas circuit (20) forms stages 2 and 3, and an ultra-low temperature inert medium circuit (30) forms stage 4, so that the final temperature of the working medium of the Carnot engine and the reverse Carnot engine can be cooled through stages 1 to 4. In this case, a low temperature of -196 degrees can be formed through stage 4 with a force of approximately 50 atm. Specifically, in the first stage, propane is used as a working medium to cool or heat to a temperature of -46 to 96 degrees, in the second and third stages, the ultra-low temperature active gas circuit (20) may cool or heat to a temperature of -103 to 9.5 degrees or -161 to -82 degrees using either ethylene or LNG as a working medium, and in the fourth stage, the ultra-low temperature inert medium circuit (30) may cool or heat to a temperature of -196 to -147 degrees or -185 to -122 degrees using either nitrogen or argon as the working medium. This device may be formed in three stages using a general refrigerant circuit (10), an ultra-low temperature active gas circuit (20), and an ultra-low temperature inert medium circuit (30), or may be formed in four stages by forming a plurality of ultra-low temperature active gas circuits (20). Here, steps 3 and 4 may use different operating media in the ultra-low temperature active gas circuit (20) to form a temperature difference, thereby improving efficiency when the temperature of the fourth circuit decreases.

[0169] As previously explained, stepwise liquefaction was performed using propane, ethylene, CNG, nitrogen, and argon. This achieved a low temperature of approximately -196 degrees Celsius. Nitrogen, which generates low temperatures and high pressures, may be vaporized by the atmospheric specific heat, increasing its temperature and generating high pressure.

[0170] The Carnot engine of the present invention may use nitrogen as a working medium. Nitrogen may be a cryogenic substance that liquefies at -196 degrees Celsius. Liquefying this working medium using a Carnot engine using a single circuit may require very high pressure. In this case, the energy consumed during liquefaction may be greater than the energy produced by the Carnot engine. Accordingly, the temperature may be lowered in stages to maximize energy efficiency. In this case, a temperature difference may be formed, but autonomous operation may be difficult due to the high pressure within the circuit. To prevent this, a starting valve (95) may be provided. The starting valve (95) may be an exhaust valve for circuit operation and may be shut off after operation.

[0171] The Carnot engine (99) of the present invention generally maintains a closed state. In the closed state, the temperature is changed by causing a change in the state of the working medium through heat exchange with the outside. At this time, the general refrigerant circuit (10), the ultra-low temperature active gas circuit (20), and the ultra-low temperature inert medium circuit (30) formed in multiple stages may be formed so as to be in contact with the Carnot engine (90) while in the closed state. For example, the circuit in the portion in contact with the Carnot engine (99) may be formed in a wide shape to increase the contact surface and enable active heat exchange.

[0172] As described above, a reverse Carnot engine (multi-stage formation) may be used to cool the working medium of a Carnot engine that uses nitrogen or argon as a working medium. The reverse Carnot engine may use different working media for each stage, but may use a working medium with a lower boiling point as the stage increases. For example, if the cooling temperature in the second stage is higher than the cooling temperature in the first stage, cooling may not occur, so the cooling temperature in the second stage may be lower than the cooling temperature in the first stage, and the cooling temperature in the third stage may be lower than the cooling temperature in the second stage.

[0173] As described above, the nitrogen or argon of the Carnot engine, which forms a multi-stage inverse Carnot engine, has a temperature close to its boiling point and can be liquefied with a small amount of energy. In other words, the energy produced through the pressure difference that occurs when the liquefied nitrogen or argon gas vaporizes is greater than the energy required to liquefy the nitrogen or argon, which can ultimately lead to energy production using the engine of the present invention.

[0174] In addition, we aim to further utilize helium, which has a lower critical temperature, as a working medium.

[0175] Specifically, a temperature rise of approximately 3 degrees Celsius (-268°C to -265°C) in helium can produce a pressure difference of 29 atm. This creates a large pressure difference despite the very small temperature change. Utilizing this characteristic could enable high energy production efficiency with low energy consumption.

Claims

1. At least one of hydrogen, helium, neon, argon, oxygen, methane and LNG is applied as a working medium in a cryogenic liquid state, and the atmospheric specific heat of the working medium is used to perform room temperature recovery and heating, thereby utilizing volume expansion and pressure increase as a power source. An actuation device using an ultra-low temperature medium, characterized in that the used operating medium is discharged through a valve.

2. In the first paragraph, the atmospheric specific heat is A driving device using a cryogenic medium characterized in that the power of the power source is increased by heating it so as to be circulated through a heat pump.

3. In the first paragraph, the valve, An actuation device using an ultra-low temperature medium, characterized in that the operating medium used is circulated by being connected to a storage unit.

4. In paragraph 3, A circuit using an induction device using a cryogenic medium, characterized in that it includes a starting valve for discharging at least a portion of the working medium so that circulation is possible when the device is operated.

5. In paragraph 3, A cooling heat pump circuit device characterized in that it further comprises a service tank that prevents pressure increase of the working medium that does not liquefy at room temperature and increases in pressure during operation of the device.

6. In paragraph 5, the operating medium is A cryogenic active gas heat pump cooling circuit device characterized by applying ethylene.

7. In paragraph 5, the operating medium is A cryogenic active gas heat pump cooling device circuit characterized by applying LNG (methene).

8. In paragraph 3, The above working medium uses an inert gas, The above circuit is a heat pump cooling circuit device using an ultra-low temperature inert gas, characterized in that the working medium is discharged into the atmosphere when the pressure of the storage unit in which the working medium is stored is above a certain pressure through a check valve provided in the storage unit.

9. In paragraph 8, the operating medium is A cryogenic heat pump cooling circuit device using a cryogenic medium characterized by applying nitrogen or argon.

10. In any one of paragraphs 5 to 9, The above circuit includes an ultra-low temperature active gas circuit and an ultra-low temperature inert medium circuit, A multi-stage reverse Carnot multi-stage heat pump cooling circuit device using an ultra-low temperature medium, characterized in that heat generated in the ultra-low temperature inert medium circuit is released through the ultra-low temperature active gas circuit.

11. In the power generation combination device using the cryogenic cooling device using the cryogenic Carnot engine and multi-stage heat pump according to Article 10, Carnot engine and Including a multi-stage inverse Carnot engine, The above combination device is, A combined cryogenic Carnot and multi-stage reverse Carnot combination device characterized in that at least one heat pump cooling circuit device is combined with a Carnot circuit device using nitrogen or argon as a cryogenic working medium to repeatedly perform cooling and re-liquefaction of the working medium.

12. In the Carnot and reverse Carnot combination engine using multistage heat exchange according to Article 11, The above combination device is, Step 1 of heat exchange by the above heat pump cooling circuit device using a general refrigerant, Two stages of heat exchange by the heat pump cooling circuit device using ethylene as an active gas, 3 stages of heat exchange by the heat pump cooling circuit device using LNG (methene), which is an active gas, and A Carnot and reverse Carnot combination engine characterized in that the working medium is re-liquefied and repeatedly used through four stages of heat exchange by the heat pump cooling circuit device using nitrogen or argon, which is an inert gas.

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