Thermally conductive composition, thermally conductive gel, and use thereof
A thermally conductive gel composition with alkenyl group-containing organopolysiloxane and anti-slipping promoter addresses gap stability and dispensing issues, enhancing thermal conductivity and structural integrity for effective heat dissipation in electronic devices.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/103073
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-08
AI Technical Summary
Conventional thermally conductive gels exhibit poor gap stability and dispensing performance, leading to thermal management failures in electronic devices due to slipping and air entrapment, and insufficient contact thermal resistance.
A thermally conductive composition comprising alkenyl group-containing organopolysiloxane, organohydrogenpolysiloxane, thermally conductive filler particles, and an anti-slipping promoter, cured with a catalyst to form a gel with improved gap stability and dispensing performance.
The composition achieves excellent thermal conductivity and flowability, ensuring reliable heat dissipation in electronic devices by maintaining structural integrity and reducing interfacial thermal resistance.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024103073-FTAPPB-I100001 
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Figure PCTCN2024103073-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
Thermally Conductive Composition, Thermally Conductive Gel, and Use Thereof
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] The present invention relates to a thermally conductive composition, a thermally conductive gel cured therefrom, a process for preparing a thermally conductive gel, an article comprising the thermally conductive gel, and use thereof. The thermally conductive gel cured from the thermally conductive composition of the present invention exhibits excellent gap stability and dispensing performance, while maintaining good flowability and thermal conductivity.
[0003] BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0004] With the development of electronic devices towards integration, miniaturization and high energy density, the heat generation of electronic devices also increases exponentially, which puts higher requirements on the heat dissipation performance of systems. An effective method for improving the heat dissipation is to transfer the heat generated by the devices via thermally conductive, insulative polymer interface materials. Silicone materials have excellent properties, such as high-temperature resistance, flame retardancy, good weather resistance, good electrical insulation, chemical inertness, and the like. They can meet the requirements of electronic devices, and are widely used to prepare thermal conductive interface materials.
[0005] From a microscopic perspective, the surfaces of materials are rough, and the contact between the heat source interface and the heat dissipation interface is incomplete. There are many uneven gaps between contact surfaces, which will be occupied by air with extremely low thermal conductivity, thereby reducing the heat dissipation effect. The purpose of using thermal conductive interface materials is to fill the gaps between the contact surfaces, reduce the contact thermal resistance, and improve heat transfer efficiency.
[0006] There are many types of thermal conductive interface materials, including thermally conductive potting adhesives, thermally conductive silicone greases, thermally conductive pads, thermally conductive gels, and the like. Insufficient contact between the thermally conductive pads and the heat-generating components results in a very high contact thermal resistance therebetween, which seriously hinders the heat conduction. Thermally conductive silicone grease is in a semi-fluid state, and will flow when compressed, thereby allowing the heat-generating components and the heat-dissipating components to fully contact and reduce the interfacial thermal resistance. However, the thermally conductive silicone grease is in an uncured state, and oils therein will slowly precipitate over time, greatly narrowing the application fields thereof. Thermally conductive gel material is a precured, one-part, pasty gap filling material. It has excellent structural practicability and surface bonding performance for uneven surfaces of devices or irregular gap interfaces, and is an ideal material for irregular interface applications.
[0007] However, there are still many aspects to be improved in the thermally conductive gels. For example, the base formulations and most similar products in the market usually show poor gap stability and poor dispensing performance. In addition, in the 1000-times thermal cycling test from -40℃ to 125℃ which is generally used for evaluating the gap stability, samples always show poor anti-slipping performance. The slipping issue in real applications will lead to the generation of gaps and thus a thermal management failure. Further, during the dispensing using a dispenser available from PVA, conventional methods will decrease the viscosity of products to improve the adhesion performance thereof, however, the poor thixotropic property induced by a too low viscosity can easily cause the gel to fail to hold structure and involve the air, resulting in a thermal management failure.
[0008] In view of foregoing, there remains a need in the art for developing an improved thermally conductive gel which would address these shortcomings as described above and would find use in a variety of applications for heat dissipation.
[0009] SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0010] The present inventors have conducted intensive studies, and found that the aforesaid object can be achieved utilizing a thermally conductive composition as expatiated hereinafter. As compared with conventional thermally conductive gel materials, the thermally conductive gel formed by curing the thermally conductive composition exhibits excellent gap stability and dispensing performance while maintaining good flowability and thermal conductivity, and can be used for efficiently and reliably dissipating heat generating from electronic devices on electric vehicles or telecom and datacom devices.
[0011] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a thermally conductive composition, comprising, based on total weight of the composition:
[0012] (A) an alkenyl group-containing organopolysiloxane;
[0013] (B) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two -SiH groups in the molecule;
[0014] (C) a mixture of thermally conductive filler particles, comprising:
[0015] (C-1) a surface-pretreated, thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of 0.1 μm to 2 μm;
[0016] (C-2) a thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 2 μm to 40 μm;
[0017] (C-3) a thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 40 μm to 130 μm;
[0018] (D) 0.01 to 1.2 wt. %, and preferably 0.02 to 1.0 wt. %of an anti-slipping promotor selected from polyethers represented by formula (IV) : HO- (CnH2nO) p-H (IV)
[0019] in which:
[0020] - n is an integer from 3 to 6, preferably 3 to 5, more preferably 3 or 4; and
[0021] - p is an integer of 2 to 300, preferably 2 to 200, more preferably 2 to 150; and
[0022] (E) a catalyst.
[0023] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a thermally conductive gel, which is a cured product of the thermally conductive composition of the first aspect.
[0024] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparing a thermally conductive gel, comprising:
[0025] (1) mixing the following components (A) to (D) and (F) in vacuum:
[0026] (A) an alkenyl group-containing organopolysiloxane;
[0027] (B) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two -SiH groups in the molecule;
[0028] (C-1) a surfaced-pretreated, thermally conductive filler particle which has a D50 particle size of 0.1 μm to 2 μm;
[0029] (C-2) a thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 2 μm to 40 μm;
[0030] (C-3) a thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 40 μm to 130 μm;
[0031] (D) 0.01 to 1.2 wt. %, and preferably 0.02 to 1.0 wt. %of an anti-slipping promotor selected from polyethers represented by formula (IV) , based on the total weight of all components: HO- (CnH2nO) p-H (IV)
[0032] in which:
[0033] -n is an integer from 3 to 6, preferably 3 to 5, more preferably 3 or 4; and
[0034] -p is an integer of 2 to 300, preferably 2 to 200, more preferably 2 to 150;
[0035] (F) optional additives, and
[0036] (2) adding (E) a catalyst into the mixture, and mixing in vacuum for a period of 30 to 60 min at a temperature from 85 to 150℃.
[0037] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides an article comprising the thermally conductive gel of the second aspect or prepared by the process of the third aspect.
[0038] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides use of the thermally conductive composition of the first aspect, or the thermally conductive gel of the second aspect or prepared by the process of the third aspect in manufacturing an electronic device.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0039] Figs. 1a’ and 1b’ are photos of the test results of gap stability and dispensing performance of control sample 1, respectively.
[0040] Figs. 1a and 1b are photos of the test results of gap stability and dispensing performance of sample 1, respectively.
[0041] Figs. 2a and 2b are photos of the test results of gap stability and dispensing performance of sample 2, respectively.
[0042] Figs. 3a and 3b are photos of the test results of gap stability and dispensing performance of sample 3, respectively.
[0043] Figs. 2a’ and 2b’ are photos of the test results of gap stability and dispensing performance of control sample 2, respectively.
[0044] Figs. 4a and 4b are photos of the test results of gap stability and dispensing performance of sample 4, respectively.
[0045] Figs. 5a and 5b are photos of the test results of gap stability and dispensing performance of sample 5, respectively.
[0046] Figs. 6a and 6b are photos of the test results of gap stability and dispensing performance of sample 6, respectively.
[0047] Figs. 7a and 7b are photos of the test results of gap stability and dispensing performance of sample 7, respectively.
[0048] Figs. 8a and 8b are photos of the test results of gap stability and dispensing performance of sample 8, respectively.
[0049] Figs. 9a and 9b are photos of the test results of gap stability and dispensing performance of sample 9, respectively.
[0050] Figs. 10a and 10b are photos of the test results of gap stability and dispensing performance of sample 10, respectively.
[0051] These and other features and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed description herein.
[0052] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0053] It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present discussion is a description of exemplary embodiments only and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the present invention. Each aspect so described may be combined with any other aspect (s) , unless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.
[0054] All terms used in the present invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, unless otherwise defined. By means of further guidance, term definitions are included to better appreciate the teaching of the present invention. In case of conflict, the present invention, including definitions, will control.
[0055] The singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” as used herein include plural referents, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0056] Unless specified otherwise, the recitation of numerical end points includes all numbers and fractions subsumed within the respective ranges, as well as the recited end points.
[0057] The term “at least one” or “one or more” used herein for defining a component refers to the type of the component, and not to the absolute number of molecules.
[0058] The terms “comprising” , “comprises” and “comprised of” as used herein are synonymous with “including” , “includes” , “containing” or “contains” , are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, non-recited components, members, elements or method steps. The term “consisting of” excludes any element, ingredient, member or method step not specified.
[0059] When amounts, concentrations, dimensions and other parameters are expressed in the form of a range, a preferable range, an upper limit value, a lower limit value or preferable upper and limit values, it should be understood that any ranges obtainable by combining any upper limit or preferable value with any lower limit or preferable value are also specifically disclosed, irrespective of whether the obtained ranges are clearly mentioned in the context.
[0060] The term “gel” as used herein refers to a semi-solid state of material in which self-flowing is impossible but its shape can be adjusted via an external force. In the present invention, the term “gel” can be used interchangeably with the term “paste” .
[0061] Unless specified otherwise, “D50 particle size” as used herein refers to a median diameter in a volume-based particle size distribution curve obtained by a laser diffraction method.
[0062] The term “C1-Cn alkyl” as used herein refers to a monovalent group that contains 1 to n carbons atoms, that is a radical of an alkane and includes linear and branched organic groups. Examples of alkyl groups include, but not limiting to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, and 2-ethylhexyl, and isomers thereof.
[0063] The term “alkoxy” as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by -OR wherein R is an alkyl group as defined above. Examples of alkoxy groups include, but not limiting to, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, iso-propyloxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, n-hexyloxy, and n-heptyloxy, and isomers thereof.
[0064] The term “C3-C20 cycloalkyl” as used herein is understood to mean a saturated, mono-or polycyclic hydrocarbon group having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include, but not limiting to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantine, and norbornane, and isomers thereof.
[0065] The term “C6-C20 aryl” as used herein used alone or as part of a larger moiety -refers to monocyclic, bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems in which the monocyclic ring system is aromatic or at least one of the rings in a bicyclic or tricyclic ring system is aromatic. The bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems include benzofused 2-3 membered carbocyclic rings. Examples of aryl groups include, but not limiting to, phenyl, indenyl, naphthalenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, tetrahydroindenyl, and tetrahydroanthracenyl, and isomers thereof.
[0066] The term “aralkyl” as used herein refers to group in which an aryl group -as defined above -replaces at least one hydrogen atom of an alkyl group, also as defined above.
[0067] The term “catalyst” as used herein refers to a substance that increases the rate or decreases the activation energy of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.
[0068] The term “room temperature” as used herein refers to 23℃ ± 2℃.
[0069] Unless specified otherwise, all the molecular weights used herein refers to weight average molecular weights (Mw) , which are obtained by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) according to DIN 55672.
[0070] The viscosity as used herein is measured at room temperature using a Brookfield viscometer according to known method (s) , unless otherwise specified.
[0071] Thermally Conductive Composition
[0072] In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a thermally conductive composition, comprising, based on total weight of the composition:
[0073] (A) an alkenyl group-containing organopolysiloxane;
[0074] (B) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two -SiH groups in the molecule;
[0075] (C) a mixture of thermally conductive filler particles, comprising:
[0076] (C-1) a surface-pretreated, thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of 0.1 μm to 2 μm;
[0077] (C-2) a thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 2 μm to 40 μm;
[0078] (C-3) a thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 40 μm to 130 μm;
[0079] (D) 0.01 to 1.2 wt. %, and preferably 0.02 to 1.0 wt. %of an anti-slipping promotor selected from polyethers represented by formula (IV) : HO- (CnH2nO) p-H (IV)
[0080] in which:
[0081] - n is an integer from 3 to 6, preferably 3 to 5, more preferably 3 or 4; and
[0082] - p is an integer of 2 to 300, preferably 2 to 200, more preferably 2 to 150; and
[0083] (E) a catalyst.
[0084] Each of these components in the thermally conductive composition will be illustrated hereinafter in detail.
[0085] Component (A) Alkenyl group-containing organopolysiloxane
[0086] The thermally conductive composition of the present invention comprises component (A) an alkenyl group-containing organopolysiloxane.
[0087] As used herein, “alkenyl” refers to a radical of a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon double bonds (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 double bonds) (i.e., C2-40 alkenyl) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 30 carbon atoms ( “C2-30 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 20 carbon atoms ( “C2-20 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 10 carbon atoms ( “C2-10 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 9 carbon atoms ( “C2-9 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 8 carbon atoms ( “C2-8 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 7 carbon atoms ( “C2-7 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms ( “C2-6 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 5 carbon atoms ( “C2-5 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 4 carbon atoms ( “C2-4 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 3 carbon atoms ( “C2-3 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 carbon atoms ( “C2 alkenyl” ) . The one or more carbon-carbon double bonds may be internal (such as in 2-butenyl) or terminal (such as in 1-butenyl) . Examples of C2-4 alkenyl groups include ethenyl (C2) , 1-propenyl (C3) , 2-propenyl (C3) , 1-butenyl (C4) , 2-butenyl (C4) , butadienyl (C4) , and the like. Examples of C2-6 alkenyl groups include the aforementioned C2-4 alkenyl groups, as well as pentenyl (C5) , pentadienyl (C5) , hexenyl (C6) , and the like. Additional examples of alkenyl group include heptenyl (C7) , octenyl (C8) , octatrienyl (C8) , and the like. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an alkenyl group may be independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted alkenyl” ) or substituted (a “substituted alkenyl” ) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl group is an unsubstituted C2-30 alkenyl. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl group is a substituted C2-30 alkenyl.
[0088] In some embodiments, the quantity of alkenyl groups is within a range from 0.01 to 10 wt.%, and preferably from 0.1 to 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the organopolysiloxane. The alkenyl groups may be bonded to silicon atoms at the terminals of the molecular chain, to non-terminal silicon atoms within the molecular chain, or to both these types of silicon atoms, although from the viewpoints of ensuring a good curing rate for the composition and producing favorable physical properties for the cured product, the organopolysiloxane should comprise at least alkenyl groups bonded to a molecular chain terminal silicon atom, and preferably to the silicon atoms at both terminals of the molecular chain.
[0089] There is no particular restriction on the molecular structure of component (A) , including but not limited to straight chain structures, cyclic structures, branched chain structures, partially branched straight chain structures and three-dimensional network structures, or mixtures thereof.
[0090] The alkenyl group in the component (A) is preferably a vinyl group. Specific examples of the vinyl-containing organopolysiloxane include the compounds represented by formulas (I-1) to (I-5) as shown as below:
[0091] In the formulas (I-1) to (I-5) above, R each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group bonded to a silicon atom, but excluding alkenyl groups, as described above. Preferably, R each independently represents C1-C30 linear alkyl groups, preferably selected from methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, n-butyl group, n- pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, n-nonyl group, n-decyl group, n-undecyl group, n-dodecyl group, ntridecyl group, n-tetradecyl group, n-pentadecyl group, n-hexadecyl group, n-heptadecyl group, noctadecyl group, n-nonadecyl group, and n-eicosyl group; C1-C30 branched alkyl groups, preferably selected from isopropyl group, t-butyl group, isobutyl group, 2-methylundecyl group, and 1-hexylheptyl group; C3-C20 cycloalkyl groups, preferably selected from a cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, and cyclododecyl group; C6-C20 aryl groups, preferably selected from a phenyl group, tolyl group, and xylyl group; C7-C20 aralkyl groups, preferably selected from a benzyl group, phenethyl group, and 2- (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) propyl group; and halogenated C1-C30 alkyl groups, preferably selected from 3,3, 3-trifluoropropyl group and 3-chloropropyl group. In a most preferred embodiment, R is a methyl group or a phenyl group.
[0092] In the formulas (I-1) to (I-5) above, n independently is an integer of from 0 to 5000, such as 0, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, or any ranges between two above-listed values; m (if present) independently is an integer of from 1 to 5000, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, or any ranges between two above-listed values; n+m (if present) ranges from 5 to 10000, such as 6, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500, 6000, 6500, 7000, 7500, 8000, 8500, 9000, 9500 or any ranges between two above-listed values.
[0093] The component (A) may be used either alone, or in combinations of two or more different compounds. Most preferably, the component (A) is a polydimethylsiloxane end-capped with a vinyl group at both terminals of the backbone.
[0094] Preferably, the content of the vinyl group in the vinyl-containing organopolysiloxane is 0.05 to 3 wt. %, for example, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0095] In some embodiments, the alkenyl group-containing organopolysiloxane may have a viscosity in a range from 50 to 200000 mPa·s, and preferably in a range of from 60 to 150000 mPa·s, for example, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, 170, 200, 130, 250, 280, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, 3200, 3400, 3600, 3800, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500, 6000, 6500, 7000, 7500, 8000, 8500, 9000, 9500, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000, 14000, 15000, 16000, 18000, 20000, 30000, 40000, 50000, 60000, 70000, 80000, 90000, 100000, 110000, 120000, 130000, 140000, 150000, 160000, 170000, 180000, 190000, 200000 mPa·s, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0096] There is no particular restriction on the molecular weight of component (A) , and preferably in a range from 3000 to 20000 g / mol.
[0097] The alkenyl group-containing organopolysiloxane can be prepared via any technique known to one of ordinary skill in the art, or are commercially available. For example, the alkenyl group-containing organopolysiloxane are available under the tradenames of RH-Vi305, RH-Vi311, RH-Vi322, RH-Vi321, RH-Vi395, RH-Vi392, RH-Vi393, RH-Vi70E, RH-Vi100E, RH-Vi500E, RH-Vi1000E from Ningbo Runhe High-tech Materials Co., Ltd.
[0098] The alkenyl group-containing organopolysiloxane may be present in an amount of 2 to 15 wt. %, preferably 3 to 10 wt. %, and more preferably 3 to 8 wt. %, such as 2, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 4, 4.2, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5, 5.2, 5.4, 5.6, 5.8, 6, 6.2, 6.4, 6.6, 6.8, 7, 7.2, 7.4, 7.6, 7.8, 8, 8.2, 8.4, 8.6, 8.8, 9, 9.2, 9.4, 9.6, 9.8, 10, 10.2, 10.4, 10.6, 10.8, 11, 11.2, 11.4, 11.6, 11.8, 12, 12.2, 12.4, 12.6, 12.8, 13, 13.2, 13.4, 13.6, 13.8, 14, 14.2, 14.4, 14.6, 14.8, 15 wt.%, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on total weight of the composition.
[0099] (B) Organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two -SiH groups in the molecule
[0100] The thermally conductive composition of the present invention comprises component (B) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two -SiH groups in the molecule.
[0101] The component (B) may have an average of at least two, and preferably three or more -Si-H groups per molecule, and these -Si-H groups may be positioned at the terminals of the molecular chain, at non-terminal positions, or at both these positions. The -Si-H groups in the component (B) and alkenyl groups in the component (A) are added by a hydrosilylation reaction promoted by component (E) catalyst described below, so as to generate a three-dimensional network structure having a crosslinked structure.
[0102] The organohydrogenpolysiloxane may be linear or branched, and is preferably represented by formulas (II-1) or (II-2) :
[0103] in which:
[0104] - R1 and R2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group as defined for R group above, provided that, as for formula (II-1) , at least two of R1 groups are hydrogen atoms, or as for formula (II-2) , at least two of R2 groups are hydrogen atoms; and
[0105] - e, f, g and h each independently represents an integer of 1 or more, such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, 260, 280, 300, 320, 340, 360, 380, 400, 420, 440, 460, 480, 500.
[0106] Specific examples of component (B) include, but not limiting to, dimethylhydrosilyl-terminated dimethylpolysiloxane, trimethylsilyl-terminated (methylhydro) (dimethyl) polysiloxane, dimethylhydrosilyl-terminated (methylhydro) (dimethyl) polysiloxane, and cyclic methylhydropolysiloxane.
[0107] The component (B) can be prepared using any technique known to one of ordinary skill in the art, or is commercially available. For example, the component (B) is commercially available under the tradenames of RH-DH02, RH-DH04, RH-DH07, RH-H503, RH-H33, RH-H57, RH-H86, RH-LHC-2 from Ningbo Runhe High-tech Materials Co., Ltd.
[0108] The component (B) may be present in the composition in an amount of 0.01 to 0.5 wt. %, preferably 0.02 to 0.3 wt. %, and more preferably 0.03 to 0.1 wt. %, such as 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025, 0.03, 0.035, 0.04, 0.045, 0.05, 0.055, 0.06, 0.065, 0.07, 0.075, 0.08, 0.085, 0.09, 0.095, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on total weight of the composition.
[0109] Although the respective amounts of the components (A) and (B) are defined above, the molar ratio of alkenyl groups in component (A) and the -Si-H groups in component (B) should be within a specified range. Preferably, the molar ratio of the alkenyl groups in component (A) and the -Si-H groups in component (B) should be within a range of 4 to 10, and preferably 6 to 9, such as 4, 4.2, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5, 5.2, 5.4, 5.6, 5.8, 6, 6.2, 6.4, 6.6, 6.8, 7, 7.2, 7.4, 7.6, 7.8, 8, 8.2, 8.4, 8.6, 8.8, 9, 9.2, 9.4, 9.6, 9.8, 10, or any ranges between two numbers listed above. If the molar ratio is below the specified lower limit, the excessive component (B) will unduly crosslink the component (A) , which leads to an excessively high viscosity, an excessively low flow rate, a failure of forming gelatinous cured product (i.e., a thermally conductive gel) , and even a generation of a solid thermally conductive pad. If the molar ratio is above the specified upper limit, the insufficient component (B) cannot impart a desired crosslinking degree, and the gelatinous precured product (i.e., a thermally conductive gel) may have a potential to crack when used.
[0110] Component (C) a mixture of thermally conductive filler particles
[0111] The thermally conductive composition of the present invention also comprises a mixture of thermally conductive filler particles, comprising: (C-1) a surface-pretreated, thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of 0.1 μm to 2 μm; (C-2) a thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 2 μm to 40 μm; and (C-3) a thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 40 μm to 130 μm.
[0112] The thermally conductive filler particles of components (C-1) , (C-2) and (C-3) may be constituted by same or different chemical substances. There is no particular restriction on the chemical substances constituting the thermally conductive filler particles, and thermally conductive filler particles conventionally used in the art can be employed in the present invention. For example, the thermally conductive filler particles may be alumina particles, aluminum nitride particles, fumed silica particles, precipitated silica particles, fumed titanium oxide particles, diamond particles, and any combination thereof. Preferably, the thermally conductive filler particles are alumina particles, aluminum nitride particles, and any combination thereof. More preferably, the thermally conductive filler particles are alumina particles.
[0113] The thermally conductive filler particles of components (C-1) , (C-2) and (C-3) may have same or different shapes. There is no particular restriction on the shape of the thermal conductive fillers. The thermal conductive fillers may have spherical, tetrahedral, hexahedral, polyhedron, rod-like, needle-like, disk-like, or irregular shape. The term “spherical” herein refers to a shape in which the entire surface is formed from a convex smooth surface. As for filler particles, the spheroidicity, an index indicating the degree close to a sphere, may be, for example, 0.5 or higher, preferably 0.55 or higher, and more preferably 0.6 or higher. The spheroidicity of a sphere is 1. When the spheroidicity is high, such as in polyhedron shape, it increases the contact surfaces and thus improves the heat dissipation, and further when the spheroidicity is close to 1, it becomes easy for the filler particles to be dispersed in the silicone oil matrix. There is no particular limitation for the spheroidicity of the fillers.
[0114] (C-1) a surface-pretreated, thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of 0.1-2 μm
[0115] The component (C-1) is a thermally conductive filler particle which is surface-pretreated and has a D50 particle size of 0.1 μm to 2 μm. The component (C-1) is especially beneficial for the improvement of thixotropic performance of the thermally conductive gel cured from the thermally conductive composition.
[0116] Preferably, the thermally conductive filler particles of component (C-1) have a D50 particle size of 0.2 to 1.8 μm, and more preferably 0.3 to 1.2 μm, such as 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8 μm, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0117] Preferably, the thermally conductive filler particles of component (C-1) have a specific surface area of 1.2-5 m2 / g, such as 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 4, 4.2, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5 m2 / g, or any ranges between two numbers listed above. The “specific surface area (SSA) ” as used herein is defined as a total surface area of a solid filler material per unit of mass, and is measured by 3H-2000A specific surface area analyzer, unless otherwise specified. When the component (C-1) is obtained by mixing different particles, the specific surface area (SSA) thereof can be determined as above, or can be calculated according to the following equation (A) : SSA = W1 × SSA1 + W2 × SSA2 + …Wn × SSAn (A)
[0118] in which:
[0119] ‐ W1 is weight percentage of a first filler based on total fillers;
[0120] ‐ SSA1 is the SSA of the first filler;
[0121] ‐ W2 is weight percentage of a second filler based on total fillers;
[0122] ‐ SSA2 is the SSA of the second filler;
[0123] ‐ Wn is weight percentage of a nth filler based on total fillers; and
[0124] ‐ SSAn is the SSA of the nth filler.
[0125] The pretreatment agent employed in the surface pretreatment of component (C-1) suitable for use in the present invention is a carbon chain silane compound, preferably a silane compound of formula (III) : R1Si (OR2) k (R3) p (III)
[0126] in which:
[0127] - R1 represents a linear or branched C4-C20 alkyl group, preferably a linear or branched C8-C18 alkyl group, more preferably a linear or branched C10-C16 alkyl group;
[0128] - R2 independently represents a C1-C6 alkyl group, preferably C1-C3 alkyl group;
[0129] - R3 independently represents a C1-C6 alkyl group, preferably C1-C3 alkyl group;
[0130] - k is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, more preferably 3, and
[0131] - p represents an integer 3 -k.
[0132] The silane compounds of formula (III) suitable for use in the present invention include, but not limiting to, n-butyltrimethoxysilane, n-butyltriethoxysilane, n-pentyltrimethoxysilane, n-pentyltriethoxysilane, n-hexyltrimethoxysilane, n-hexyltriethoxysilane, n-heptyltrimethoxysilane, n-heptyltriethoxysilane, n-octyltrimethoxysilane, n-octyltriethoxysilane, n-nonyltrimethoxysilane, n-nonyltriethoxysilane, n-decyltrimethoxysilane, n-decyltriethoxysilane, n-undecyltrimethoxysilane, n-undecyltriethoxysilane, n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane, n-dodecyltriethoxysilane, n-tridecyltrimethoxysilane, n-tridecyltriethoxysilane, n-myristyltrimethoxysilane, n-myristyltriethoxysilane, n-pentadecyltrimethoxysilane, n-pentadecyltriethoxysilane, n-cetyltrimethoxysilane, n-cetyltriethoxysilane, n-heptadecyltrimethoxysilane, n-heptadecyltriethoxysilane, n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane, n-octadecyltriethoxysilane, n-nonadecyltrimethoxysilane, n-nonadecyltriethoxysilane, n-eicosyltrimethoxysilane, n-eicosyltriethoxysilane, or any combination thereof. Preferably, the silane compounds of formula (III) is selected from n-decyltrimethoxysilane, n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane, n-cetyltrimethoxysilane, or any combination thereof.
[0133] The surface pretreatment may be carried out in a process, comprising:
[0134] (1-1) adding a silane pretreatment agent into water, and mixing to have a uniform solution, for example, mixing for 10-40 min at room temperature;
[0135] (1-2) adding a non-surface-treated thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of 0.1 μm to 2 μm into the solution, and mixing, for example, for 40-80 min at 60℃; and
[0136] (1-3) evaporating the water.
[0137] Theoretically, the initial thermally conductive filler particles to be surface-pretreated have the substantially same particle sizes as compared to the resulted surface-pretreated thermally conductive filler particles of component (C-1) .
[0138] The surface pretreatment of component (C-1) can be done in situ via the aforesaid process or by the supplier in advance. Preferably, the surface pretreatment is completed by the supplier. In the case of in-situ surface pretreatment, the initial non-surface-treated thermally conductive particles are commercially available under the tradenames of BAK-1, NSM-1S, NSM-2S, TA-F1, TA-F2, TA-C1, TA-Y1B, TA-F1T08 from Bestry. In the case of provision by supplier, the surface-pretreated, thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of 0.1-2 μm can be commercially available under the tradenames of NSM-1S-H12, NSM-1S-H4, NSM-1S-H34 from Bestry.
[0139] The component (C-1) may be present in the composition in an amount of 10 to 35 wt. %, preferably 15 to 32 wt. %, such as 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 wt. %, or any ranges between two above-listed values, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0140] (C-2) a thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 2 μm to 40 μm
[0141] The thermally conductive filler particles of the component (C-2) are not surface pretreated, and have a D50 particle size of larger than 2 μm to 40 μm, such as 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 μm, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0142] Preferably, the thermally conductive filler particles of component (C-2) have a specific surface area of 0.1 to 1.5 m2 / g, such as 0.1, 0.12, 0.14, 0.16, 0.18, 0.2, 0.22, 0.24, 0.26, 0.28, 0.3, 0.32, 0.34, 0.36, 0.38, 0.4, 0.42, 0.44, 0.46, 0.48, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 m2 / g, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0143] Commercially available examples of component (C-2) include, but not limiting to, BAK-2, BAK-5, BAK-10, BAK-15, BAK-20, BAK-30, BAH-2, BAH-5, BAH-10, BAH 20, TAS 30, all of which are available from Bestry.
[0144] The component (C-2) may be present in the composition in an amount of 15 to 40 wt. %, preferably 15 to 35 wt. %, more preferably 20 to 30 wt. %, such as 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 wt. %, or any ranges between two above-listed values, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0145] (C-3) a thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 40 μm to 130 μm
[0146] The thermally conductive filler particles of the component (C-3) are not surface pretreated, and have a D50 particle size of larger than 40 μm to 130 μm, such as 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130 μm, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0147] Preferably, the thermally conductive filler particles of component (C-3) have a specific surface area of no more than 0.2 m2 / g, such as 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.2 m2 / g, or any ranges between two numbers listed above.
[0148] Commercially available examples of component (C-3) include, but not limiting to, BAK-40, BAK-70, BAK-90, BAK-120, BAH-40, BAH-70, BAH-90, BAH-120, TAS-50, TAS-80, TAS-120, GA-80, TA-F120T01, BAS-40, BAS-70, BAS-40W, BAS-70W, all of which are available from Bestry.
[0149] The component (C-3) may be present in an amount of 30 to 50 wt. %, preferably 35 to 46 wt.%, such as 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 wt.%, or any ranges between two above-listed values, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0150] Component (D) Anti-Slipping Promotor
[0151] The thermally conductive composition of the present invention comprises an anti-slipping agent, which is selected from polyethers represented by a formula (IV) : HO- (CnH2nO) p-H (IV)
[0152] in which:
[0153] - n is an integer from 3 to 6, preferably 3 to 5, more preferably 3 or 4; and
[0154] - p is an integer of 2 to 300, preferably 2 to 200, more preferably 2 to 150.
[0155] In most preferred embodiments, the component (D) is polypropylene glycol (PPG) or polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG) .
[0156] During the working of the present invention, the present inventors have found that the polyethylene glycol (PEG) cannot be used as an effective anti-slipping agent while maintaining other performances simultaneously. More specifically, as shown in sample 4 in the Examples below, although the cured product of the composition containing PEG as anti-slipping agent exhibits good gap stability (i.e., no slipping during the test) and good dispensing performance, there are a large number of voids, formed by bubbles, in the disk made of the sample. These voids will lead to the cracking of the disk in actual use, which is particularly undesirable.
[0157] The component (D) may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 200 to 10000 g / mol, preferably 200 to 6000 g / mol, and more preferably 200 to 4000 g / mol, such as 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150, 1200, 1250, 1300, 1350, 1400, 1450, 1500, 1550, 1600, 1650, 1700, 1750, 1800, 1850, 1900, 1950, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400, 3500, 3600, 3700, 3800, 3900, 4000, 4100, 4200, 4300, 4400, 4500, 4600, 4700, 4800, 4900, 5000, 5250, 5500, 5750, 6000, 6250, 6500, 6750, 7000, 7250, 7500, 7750, 8000, 8250, 8500, 8750, 9000, 9250, 9500, 9750, 10000 g / mol, or any ranges between two above-listed values.
[0158] The component (D) can be prepared using any technique known to one of ordinary skill in the art, or is commercially available. For example, the component (D) is commercially available under the tradename of WANOL C2020 from Wanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd or PolyTHF 250 from BASF.
[0159] The component (D) may be present in the thermally conductive composition in an amount of 0.01 to 1.2 wt. %, preferably 0.02 to 1.0 wt. %, such as 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0160] The aforesaid content range of the component (D) has significant impacts on the performance of the cured product of the thermally conductive composition. If the amount of the component (D) is lower than 0.01 wt. %, the component (D) will have no impact on improving the thixotropic property and the optimization of dispensing performance and gap stability. If the amount of component (D) is larger than 1.2 wt. %, the cured product of the thermally conductive composition will have a low flow rate, and is difficult to dispense.
[0161] Component (E) Catalyst
[0162] The thermally conductive composition of the present invention also comprises (E) a catalyst, which is used for promoting an addition reaction of an alkenyl group in the component (A) and a -Si-H group in the component (B) .
[0163] There is no particular restriction on the catalyst, and a catalyst, which is known as a catalyst used in a hydrosilylation reaction, may be used in the present invention.
[0164] Specific examples of catalyst suitable for use in the present invention include platinum group metal simple substance, such as platinum (including platinum black) , rhodium, and palladium; platinum chloride, chloroplatinic acid and chloroplatinate such as H2PtCl4·nH2O, H2PtCl6·nH2O, NaHPtCl6·nH2O, KaHPtCl6·nH2O, Na2PtCl6·H2O, K2PtCl4·nH2O, PtCl4·nH2O, PtCl2, and Na2HPtCl4·nH2O (here, in the formula, n is an integer of 0 to 6, preferably alcohol-modified chloroplatinic acid) ; complexes of chloroplatinic acid and olefin; ones obtained by supporting a platinum group metal such as platinum black and palladium on a support such as alumina, silica or carbon; a rhodium-olefin complex, chlorotris (triphenylphosphine) rhodium (Wilkinson catalyst) ; and, complexes of platinum chloride, chloroplatinic acid or chloroplatinate and a vinyl group-containing siloxane, in particular, a vinyl group-containing cyclic siloxane may be used, preferably a platinum-based catalyst.
[0165] Suitable commercially available examples of catalysts include platinum-based catalyst under CATALYST 512 from Evonik and CAT-50 from Avantor.
[0166] The effective amount of the catalyst is known for the skilled person in the art or can be determined by the skilled person in the art according to the reactants used. It is preferable that the catalyst may be present in the composition in an amount of from 0.0005 to 0.1 wt. %, more preferably 0.001 to 0.05 wt. %, especially preferably 0.005 to 0.01 wt. %, such as 0.0005, 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, 0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008, 0.009, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0167] Optional Additives
[0168] The thermally conductive composition of the present invention may further optionally comprise additives which are commonly used in the art to which the present invention belongs, such as inhibitors, filler treatment agents, pigments, dyes, heat resistant additives, flame retardants, plasticizers, adhesion-imparting agents, or any combination thereof, as long as they do not negatively affect the desired properties of the inventive composition. The presence, type and amount of the additive (s) can be determined by a specialist in the art according to actual requirements.
[0169] In some embodiments, the thermally conductive composition optionally comprises a filler treatment agent, such as linear trimethoxysilyl-terminated polysiloxane, which ensures fillers to be effectively dispersed within the polymer matrix, improves adhesion, and optimizes heat transfer capabilities. The linear structure enhances flexibility and compatibility, while terminally bound trimethoxysilyl group (s) allow for tailored surface modifications.
[0170] Suitable commercially available examples of the filler treatment agent include Silaplane FM-0815J from JNC Corporation, which is a linear trimethoxysilyl-terminated polysiloxane having a viscosity of 30 mPa·s.
[0171] When the filler treatment agent is present in the composition of the present application, the amount thereof can be adjusted by the skilled person in the art according to actual requirements without any particular limitation. For example, an amount of 0.01 to 0.5 wt. %, preferably 0.05 to 0.4 wt. %, more preferably 0.08 to 0.3 wt. %, such as 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.12, 0.18, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, of the filler treatment agent may be contained in the composition of the present invention, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0172] In some embodiments, the thermally conductive composition optionally comprises a pigment, of which the amounts and types may be selected and adjusted by the skilled person in the art according to actual requirements without any particular limitation. For example, a yellow pigment may be contained in the composition of the present invention. The amount of pigment may be 0 to 0.5 wt. %, e.g., 0.03 to 0.3 wt. %, or 0.05 to 0.15 wt. %, such as 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.11, 0.13, 0.15, 0.17, 0.19, 0.21, 0.23, 0.25, 0.27, 0.29, 0.31, 0.33, 0.35, 0.37, 0.39, 0.41, 0.43, 0.45, 0.47, 0.49, 0.5 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, based on the total weight of composition. Suitable commercially available examples of the pigment include a yellow pigment under the tradename of Yellow 139 from Sun Chemical.
[0173] In some embodiments, inhibitors may be added into the composition to control the reaction speed thereof, since hydrosilylation with catalyst has very fast reaction kinetics. Alkynol-type curing inhibitors and other inhibitors that are conventionally used in the art can be used in the present application.
[0174] Specific examples of the inhibitors include alkynols, such as 3-butyn-2-ol, 1-pentyn-3-ol, 1-hexyn-3-ol, 1-heptyn-3-ol, 5-methyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, 3, 5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, 1-ethynyl-1-cyclopentanol, 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol, 1-ethynyl-1-cycloheptanol, 3-ethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, 3-ethyl-1-heptyn-3-ol, 3-isobutyl-5-methyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, 3, 4, 4-trimethyl-1-pentyn-3-ol, 3-ethyl-5-methyl-1-heptyn-3-ol, 4-ethyl-1-octyn-3-ol, 3, 7, 11-trimethyl-1-dodecyn-3-ol, 1-ethynyl-1-cyclooctanol, 3-methyl-1-octyn-3-ol, 3-methyl-1-nonyn-3-ol, 3-methyl-1-decyn-3-ol, 3-methyl-1-dodecyn-3-ol, 3-ethyl-1-pentyn-3-ol; a hydrazine-based compound; a phosphine-based compound; multi-vinylpolysiloxanes or a mercaptan-based compound. Suitable commercially available examples of the inhibitor include Inhibitor MVC from Evonik and 3, 5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol from Sigma-Aldrich Company.
[0175] When the inhibitor is present in the composition of the present invention, the amount thereof can be adjusted by the skilled person in the art according to actual requirements without any particular limitation. For example, an amount of 0.0001 to 1.0 wt. %, preferably 0.001 to 0.5 wt. %, such as 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95 wt. %, or any ranges between two numbers listed above, of the inhibitor can be contained in the composition of the present invention, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0176] Thermally conductive gel
[0177] In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a thermally conductive gel, which is a cured product produced by the thermally conductive composition of the present invention. The cured product exhibits excellent gap stability and dispensing performance, while maintaining good flowability and thermal conductivity. The cured product of the thermally conductive composition is also called as a pre-cured gel in the art, which means that the product on sale is precured by the supplier and no further curing step is needed during use.
[0178] There is no particular restriction on the viscosity of the cured product of the thermally conductive composition of the present invention. For example, in some embodiments, the viscosity of the cured product is from 1000 to 2900 mPa·sat 25℃, such as 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150, 1200, 1250, 1300, 1350, 1400, 1450, 1500, 1550, 1600, 1650, 1700, 1750, 1800, 1850, 1900, 1950, 2000, 2050, 2100, 2150, 2200, 2250, 2300, 2350, 2400, 2450, 2500, 2550, 2600, 2650, 2700, 2750, 2800, 2850, 2900 mPa·sat 25℃.
[0179] Process for preparing the thermally conductive gel
[0180] In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a process for preparing a thermally conductive gel, comprising:
[0181] (1) mixing the following components in vacuum:
[0182] (A) an alkenyl group-containing organopolysiloxane;
[0183] (B) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two -SiH groups in the molecule;
[0184] (C-1) a surfaced-pretreated, thermally conductive filler particle which has a D50 particle size of 0.1 μm to 2 μm;
[0185] (C-2) a thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 2 μm to 40 μm;
[0186] (C-3) a thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 40 μm to 130 μm;
[0187] (D) 0.01 to 1.2 wt. %, and preferably 0.02 to 1.0 wt. %of an anti-slipping promotor selected from polyethers represented by formula (IV) , based on the total weight of all components: HO- (CnH2nO) p-H (IV)
[0188] in which:
[0189] -n is an integer from 3 to 6, preferably 3 to 5, more preferably 3 or 4; and
[0190] -p is an integer of 2 to 300, preferably 2 to 200, more preferably 2 to 150;
[0191] (F) optional additives, and
[0192] (2) adding (E) a catalyst into the mixture, and mixing in vacuum for a period of 30 to 60 minutes (e.g., 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 minutes) at a temperature from 85 to 150℃ (e.g., 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130, 135, 140, 145, or 150℃) .
[0193] The surface treatment of the component (C-1) can be done in situ via the above-mentioned process or by the supplier in advance.
[0194] Preferably, the components (C-1) , (C-2) and (C-3) are added in the order of from a small size to a large size.
[0195] Use of thermally conductive composition or thermally conductive gel
[0196] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides an article comprising the thermally conductive gel made from the thermally conductive composition of the present invention.
[0197] In yet still another aspect, the present invention is directed to use of the thermally conductive composition or the thermally conductive gel cured therefrom or prepared by the aforesaid process in manufacturing an electronic device, particularly in Insulate-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) module for power, and telecom and datacom devices, such as 5G station and electric vehicles.
[0198] Exemplary electronic devices encompass computers and computer equipment, such as telecom and datacom devices, such as 5G station, Insulate-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) module for power, electric vehicles, printers, fax machines, scanners, keyboards and the like; medical sensors; automotive sensors and the like; wearable electronic devices (e.g., wrist watches and eyeglasses) and their integrated circuit elements, handheld electronic devices (e.g., phones (e.g., cellular telephones and cellular smartphones) and their integrated circuit elements, cameras, tablets, electronic readers, monitors (e.g., monitors used in hospitals, and by healthcare workers, athletes and individuals) , watches, calculators, mice, touch pads, and joy sticks) , computers (e.g., desk top and lap top computers) and their integrated circuit elements, computer monitors, televisions, media players, household appliances (e.g., refrigerators, washing machines, dryers, ovens, and microwaves) , light bulbs (e.g., incandescent, light emitting diode, and fluorescent) , and articles that include a visible transparent or transparent component, glass housing structures, protective transparent coverings for a display or other optical component.Examples
[0199] The present invention will now be described by way of the following examples, which are intended to assist one of ordinary skill in the art to better understand and practice the present invention. The scope of the present invention is not limited by the examples, but is defined in the appended claims.
[0200] Raw Materials
[0201] The following materials were used in the following Examples:
[0202] (A) Alkenyl group-containing organopolysiloxane
[0203] - (A-1) RH-Vi100E, a polydimethylsiloxane end-capped with a vinyl group at both terminals of the backbone, with a viscosity of 100 mPa·sat 25℃, available from Ningbo Runhe High-tech Materials Co., Ltd.
[0204] (B) Organohydrogenpolysiloxane
[0205] - (B-1) RH-LHC-2, a terminated and branched hydride polysiloxane, with a viscosity of 70 mPa·sat 25℃, available from Ningbo Runhe High-tech Materials Co., Ltd.
[0206] (C-1) The surface-pretreated, thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of 0.1 μm to 2 μm
[0207] - (C-1-1) NSM-1S-H12, an alumina particle which has been subjected to a surface treatment with CH3 (CH2) 9Si (OCH3) 3, with a D50 particle size of 0.76 μm, with a specific surface area of 3.38 m2 / g, available from Bestry.
[0208] - (C-1-2) NSM-1S-H4 an alumina particle which has been subjected to a surface treatment with CH3 (CH2) 11Si (OCH3) 3, with a D50 particle size of 0.76 μm, with a specific surface area of 3.38 m2 / g, available from Bestry.
[0209] - (C-1-3) NSM-1S-H34, an alumina particle which has been subjected to a surface treatment with CH3 (CH2) 15Si (OCH3) 3, with a D50 particle size of 0.76 μm, with a specific surface area of 3.38 m2 / g, available from Bestry.
[0210] (C-2) The thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 2 μm to 40 μm
[0211] - (C-2-1) BAK-10, a non-surface-treated alumina particle, with a D50 particle size of 10.03 μm, with a specific surface area of 0.17 m2 / g, available from Bestry.
[0212] (C-3) The thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 40 μm to 130 μm
[0213] - (C-3-1) BAS-70, a non-surface-treated alumina particle, with a D50 particle size of 71.23 μm, with a specific surface area of 0.06 m2 / g, available from Bestry.
[0214] (D) Anti-slipping promotor
[0215] - (D-1) WANOL C2020, polypropylene glycol (PPG) , with a Mw of 2000 g / mol, available from Wanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd.
[0216] - (D-2) PolyTHF 250, polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG) , with a Mw of about 225-275 g / mol, available from BASF.
[0217] (E) Catalyst
[0218] - (E-1) CATALYST 512, a divinyl tetramethyl disiloxane complex having 2 wt. %platinum, manufactured by Evonik.
[0219] Other Ingredients
[0220] - (C-1’) NSM-1S, a non-surface-treated alumina particle, with a D50 particle size of 0.76 μm, with a specific surface area of 3.38 m2 / g, available from Bestry.
[0221] - (D’) Carbowax PEG 600 E, polyethylene glycol (PEG) , with a Mw of about 650 g / mol, available from Dow.
[0222] - (F-1) Yellow 139, a yellow pigment, available from Sun Chemical.
[0223] - (F-2) Silaplane FM-0815J, a linear trimethoxysilyl-terminated polysiloxane, with a viscosity of 30 mPa·sat 25℃, available from JNC Corporation.
[0224] Test Methods
[0225] The following tests were performed in the Examples. All of tests were performed on the cured products of the thermally conductive compositions.
[0226] Flow Rate Test
[0227] The flow rate of the cured samples was tested by a dispenser (Nordson UltimusTM -I) . This dispenser contained a 30cc plastic tube, which had a nozzle in a diameter of 2.54 ± 5%mm and was connected to a pressurization unit. When testing, the sample was dispensed at room temperature under a pressure of 90 psi in 1 min onto a balance tray. The weight of sample dispensed in 1 min was measured and recorded as a flow rate value. A larger flow rate value indicated greater flowability for the cured products and superior handling characteristics. The flow rate of more than 20 g / min was considered as acceptable.
[0228] Viscosity Test
[0229] The viscosity of the cured products was tested using a parallel-plate rheometer with a 25 mm plate at room temperature at a flow ramp from 0.1 to 5 s-1. The test results of viscosity were reported in Pa·s.
[0230] Gap Stability Test
[0231] The cured samples were tested for the gap stability utilizing a thermal circling test which could simulate the challenging environments in actual applications. The thermal circling test was conducted by a thermal circling chamber TSE-12-A manufactured by Espec. The cured sample was first dispensed in the form of a dot onto a metal substrate with a roughness of 3.2 μm, and a glass plate was then pressed on the dot to form a roughly circular disk sandwiched therebetween, which had a diameter of 25.4 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm. The resultant assembly was placed vertically, and was subjected to a 1000-times thermal cycling test from -40℃ to 125℃. Each thermal cycle was performed for 1 hour by the steps of: keeping the assembly at -40℃ for 15 min, rising the temperature from -40℃ to 125℃ within a period of 15 min, keeping the assembly at 125℃ for 15 min, and then reducing the temperature from 125oC to -40℃ within a period of 15 min.
[0232] The test results for gap stability were evaluated based on the following criteria:
[0233] ×:poor, the disk slipped a distance of no less than 1 mm;
[0234] △:poor, no slipping, but having bubbles;
[0235] ○:good, the disk slipped slightly, but the slipping distance was less than 1 mm;
[0236] ◎:excellent, no slipping.
[0237] Dispensing Performance Test
[0238] The dispensing performance of the cured samples was tested using a dispenser (PVA Delta 8) available from PVA, and evaluated in terms of tailing and adhesion property. When testing, the cured sample was dispensed at room temperature under a pressure of 70 psi on a metal substrate to form a plurality of dots, each of which is 0.2 g. After a waiting time of 0.5 s, these dots were observed visually.
[0239] Overall evaluation for the dispensing performance was based on the following criteria:
[0240] ◎:Excellent; no tailing and less than 10%dots were detached,
[0241] ○:Good; slightly tailing and less than 10%dots were detached,
[0242] ×:Poor; tailing, and / or 10%or more dots were detached.
[0243] Thermal Conductivity Test
[0244] The thermal conductivity of cured samples was tested at 80℃ under a pressure of 40 psi by LW 9389 available from Longwin according to ASTM-D5470. The thermal conductivity is reported in W / (m·K) . The thermal conductivity of no less than 3 W / (m·K) was considered as acceptable.
[0245] Control Samples 1-2 and Samples 1-10
[0246] The components and their proportions of the thermally conductive compositions of control samples 1-2 and samples 1-10 were listed in Table 1. The amounts shown in Table 1 are in wt.%.
[0247] Table 1 Compositions of thermally conductive compositions
[0248] The cured products of these samples were tested according to the test methods as described above. The test results were shown in Table 2 below and in Figures.
[0249] Table 2 Test Results
[0250] Note:
[0251] -1 in a unit of g / min.
[0252] -2 in a unit of Pa·s.
[0253] -3 in a unit of W / (m·K) .
[0254] The control sample 1 and samples 1-3 contained no component (D) anti-slipping agent, and the distinction therebetween only lied in whether the thermally conductive filler particles with a D50 particle size of 0.1-2 μm had been subjected to a surface pretreatment with the silane pretreatment agent. As shown in Table 3 and Figs. 1a’, 1a~3a, 1b’, 1b~3b, the thermally conductive gels procured by these samples exhibited unacceptable gap stability, and different levels of tailing phenomena. However, it was clear that the inclusion of component (C-1) is beneficial for the improvement of dispensing performance of the cured product.
[0255] This technical benefit brought by the component (C-1) can also be verified by the comparison of control sample 2 and sample 5, which contained the anti-slipping agent PPG and have the only distinction whether the thermally conductive filler particles with a D50 particle size of 0.1-2 μm had been subjected to a surface treatment with the silane pretreatment agent. As shown, the thermally conductive gel cured from sample 5 exhibited excellent gap stability and dispensing performance while maintaining good flowability and thermal conductivity, whilst, as for the control sample 2, the test results were unacceptable slipping and tailing.
[0256] The samples 1, 4, 5 and 6 contained the same component (C-1) , and had the mere distinction in terms of the component (D) anti-slipping agent: no anti-slipping agent (sample 1) , containing PEG (sample 4) , containing PPG (sample 5) , and containing PTMG (sample 6) , respectively. As shown, the test results were summarized as follows: sample 1 exhibited unacceptable slipping and slight tailing; as for sample 4, although there was no slipping, a large number of voids formed by bubbles were present in the disk, leading to the possibility of cracking; and both of samples 5 and 6 exhibited excellent gap stability and dispensing performance. It thus was clear that the inclusion of specific anti-slipping agents can significantly improve the gap stability and dispensing performance simultaneously.
[0257] The samples 7, 8 and 9 distinguished each other in the amount of the specific anti-slipping agent. As shown, the cured product of sample 9 exhibited unacceptably slow flow rate which caused the difficulty in dispensing, and about 15%of dots dispensed lost adhesion to the substrate. In contrast, both of samples 7 and 8 exhibited excellent gap stability and dispensing performance. It thus was clear that the amount of the anti-slipping agent is critical for the simultaneous improvement of the gap stability and dispensing performance.
[0258] As shown, the thermally conductive gels cured from the thermally conductive compositions of samples 5-8 and 10, which contained both the specific mixture of thermally conductive filler particles and a specific type and amount of the polyether polyols, exhibited excellent gap stability and dispensing performance, while maintaining good flowability and thermal conductivity.
[0259] Although some preferred embodiments have been described, many modifications and variations may be made thereto in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A thermally conductive composition, comprising, based on total weight of the composition:(A) an alkenyl group-containing organopolysiloxane;(B) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two -SiH groups in the molecule;(C) a mixture of thermally conductive filler particles, comprising:(C-1) a surface-pretreated, thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of 0.1 μm to 2 μm;(C-2) a thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 2 μm to 40 μm;(C-3) a thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 40 μm to 130 μm;wherein the D50 particle size is measured by a laser diffraction method,(D) 0.01 to 1.2 wt. %, and preferably 0.02 to 1.0 wt. %of an anti-slipping promotor selected from polyethers represented by formula (IV) :HO- (CnH2nO) p-H (IV)in which:-n is an integer from 3 to 6, preferably 3 to 5, more preferably 3 or 4; and-p is an integer of 2 to 300, preferably 2 to 200, more preferably 2 to 150; and (E) a catalyst.2.The composition according to claim 1,wherein the component (A) is a vinyl-containing organopolysiloxane, and is preferably represented by formula (I-1) , (I-2) , (I-3) , (I-4) or (I-5) :wherein R each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group bonded to a silicon atom, but excluding alkenyl groups; n independently is an integer of from 0 to 5000, m, if present, independently is an integer of from 1 to 5000, and the sum of n and m ranges from 5 to 10000; and / orwherein the alkenyl group-containing organopolysiloxane is present in an amount of 2 to 15 wt. %, preferably 3 to 10 wt. %, and more preferably 3 to 8 wt. %, based on total weight of the composition.3.The composition according to claim 1 or 2,wherein the component (B) is represented by formula (II-1) or (II-2) :in which:- R1 and R2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, provided that, as for formula (II-1) , at least two of R1 groups are hydrogen atoms, and as for formula (II-2) , at least two of R2 groups are hydrogen atoms; and- e, f, g and h each independently represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably 2 to 500, and / orwherein the component (B) is present in an amount of 0.01 to 0.5 wt. %, preferably 0.02 to 0.3 wt. %, and more preferably 0.03 to 0.1 wt. %, based on total weight of the composition.4.The composition according to any of preceding claims, wherein the component (C-1) is surface pretreated by a carbon chain silane compound, preferably a silane compound of formula (III) : R1Si (OR2) k (R3) p (III)in which:- R1 represents a linear or branched C4-C20 alkyl group, preferably a linear or branched C8-C18 alkyl group, more preferably a linear or branched C10-C16 alkyl group;- R2 independently represents a C1-C6 alkyl group, preferably C1-C3 alkyl group;- R3 independently represents a C1-C6 alkyl group, preferably C1-C3 alkyl group;- k is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, more preferably 3, and- p represents an integer 3 -k.5.The composition according to claim 4, wherein the silane compound of formula (III) include n-butyltrimethoxysilane, n-butyltriethoxysilane, n-pentyltrimethoxysilane, n-pentyltriethoxysilane, n-hexyltrimethoxysilane, n-hexyltriethoxysilane, n-heptyltrimethoxysilane, n-heptyltriethoxysilane, n-octyltrimethoxysilane, n-octyltriethoxysilane, n-nonyltrimethoxysilane, n-nonyltriethoxysilane, n-decyltrimethoxysilane, n- decyltriethoxysilane, n-undecyltrimethoxysilane, n-undecyltriethoxysilane, n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane, n-dodecyltriethoxysilane, n-tridecyltrimethoxysilane, n-tridecyltriethoxysilane, n-myristyltrimethoxysilane, n-myristyltriethoxysilane, n-pentadecyltrimethoxysilane, n-pentadecyltriethoxysilane, n-cetyltrimethoxysilane, n-cetyltriethoxysilane, n-heptadecyltrimethoxysilane, n-heptadecyltriethoxysilane, n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane, n-octadecyltriethoxysilane, n-nonadecyltrimethoxysilane, n-nonadecyltriethoxysilane, n-eicosyltrimethoxysilane, n-eicosyltriethoxysilane, or any combination thereof; preferably, the silane compound of formula (III) is selected from n-decyltrimethoxysilane, n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane, n-cetyltrimethoxysilane, or any combination thereof.6.The composition according to any of preceding claims, wherein the thermally conductive filler particles of components (C-1) , (C-2) and (C-3) are constituted by same or different chemical substances, which are selected from alumina, aluminum nitride, fumed silica, precipitated silica, fumed titanium oxide, diamond, and any combination thereof; preferably selected from alumina, aluminum nitride, and any combination thereof; more preferably are alumina.7.The composition according to any of preceding claims,wherein the component (C-1) is present in an amount of 10 to 35 wt. %, preferably 15 to 32 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition; and / orwherein the component (C-2) is present in an amount of 15 to 40 wt. %, preferably 15 to 35 wt. %, more preferably 20 to 30 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition; and / orwherein the component (C-3) is present in an amount of 30 to 50 wt. %, preferably 35 to 46 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.8.The composition according to any of preceding claims, wherein the component (D) is a polypropylene glycol and / or polytetramethylene glycol.9.The composition according to any of preceding claims, wherein the component (D) has a weight average molecular weight Mw of 200 to 10000 g / mol, preferably 200 to 6000 g / mol, and more preferably 200 to 4000 g / mol, as measured by gel permeation chromatography according to DIN 55672.10.The composition according to any of preceding claims,wherein the component (E) is a platinum-based catalyst; and / orwherein the component (E) is present in an amount of 0.0005 to 0.1 wt. %, preferably 0.001 to 0.05 wt. %, more preferably 0.005 to 0.01 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.11.The composition according to any of preceding claims, wherein the composition optionally comprises additives, preferably selected from inhibitors, filler treatment agents, pigments, dyes, heat resistant additives, flame retardants, plasticizers, adhesion-imparting agents, or any combination thereof, more preferably selected from filler treatment agents, pigments, or any combination thereof.12.A thermally conductive gel, which is a cured product of the thermally conductive composition according to any of claims 1 to 11.13.A process for preparing a thermally conductive gel, comprising:(1) mixing the following components in vacuum:(A) an alkenyl group-containing organopolysiloxane;(B) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two -SiH groups in the molecule;(C-1) a surfaced-pretreated, thermally conductive filler particle which has a D50 particle size of 0.1 μm to 2 μm;(C-2) a thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 2 μm to 40 μm;(C-3) a thermally conductive filler particle having a D50 particle size of larger than 40 μm to 130 μm;(D) 0.01 to 1.2 wt. %, and preferably 0.02 to 1.0 wt. %of an anti-slipping promotor selected from polyethers represented by formula (IV) , based on the total weight of all components:HO- (CnH2nO) p-H (IV)in which:-n is an integer from 3 to 6, preferably 3 to 5, more preferably 3 or 4; and-p is an integer of 2 to 300, preferably 2 to 200, more preferably 2 to 150;(F) optional additives, andpreferably, the components (C-1) , (C-2) and (C-3) are added in an order of from a small size to a large size; and(2) adding (E) a catalyst into the mixture, and mixing in vacuum for a period of 30 to 60 min at a temperature from 85 to 150℃.14.An article comprising the thermally conductive gel according to claim 12 or prepared by the process according to claim 13.15.Use of the thermally conductive composition according to any of claims 1 to 11, or the thermally conductive gel according to claim 12 or prepared by the process according to claim 13 in manufacturing an electronic device.
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