Method and device for forging conical rings

Abstract

The invention relates to a forging press, in particular a free-form forging press, for forging a tubular workpiece (1), the forging press comprising: - a press frame, - a mandrel (2) which is arranged in or on the press frame and on which the workpiece (1) to be deformed is positioned or is to be positioned, - wherein the mandrel (2) is conical at least in some regions and has at least one contact surface (3) inclined with respect to the mandrel axis (D), - a forging saddle (4) which can be moved in a main pressing-force direction (R) towards the mandrel (2) and the workpiece (1) positioned on the mandrel (2), and by means of which a pressing force (Fp) oriented in the main pressing-force direction (R) can be applied to the workpiece, wherein, due to the inclined contact surface (3) of the mandrel (2), the pressing force (Fp) results in a transverse force (Fq) oriented transversely to the main pressing-force direction (R). The press is characterised in that the forging saddle (4) has a shoulder (6) comprising a support surface (7) which is preferably oriented parallel to the main pressing-force direction and against which the mandrel (2) can be supported such that the transverse force (Fq) is transmitted into the shoulder (6) and thereby absorbed by the forging saddle (4).

Description

[0001] Method and apparatus for forging conical rings

[0002] Description:

[0003] The invention relates to a forging press, in particular a free-form forging press, for forging a tubular workpiece, with

[0004] - a press frame,

[0005] - a mandrel arranged in or on the press frame, on which the workpiece to be formed is or will be arranged,

[0006] - wherein the mandrel is at least partially conical with at least one contact surface oriented obliquely to the mandrel axis,

[0007] - a forging saddle that can be positioned in a main pressing force direction (e.g. along the vertical) against the mandrel and the workpiece arranged on the mandrel, with which a pressing force (as a stretching force) oriented in the main pressing force direction can be applied to the workpiece, whereby a transverse force oriented transversely (e.g. perpendicularly) to the main pressing force direction results due to the obliquely oriented contact surface of the mandrel or the obliquely oriented contact surface between the forging saddle and the mandrel.

[0008] The tubular workpiece, which is generally made of metal, is a hollow body, e.g., a ring or a sleeve, which is formed in the forging press using a so-called mandrel or forging mandrel. The invention preferably relates to the forging of a hollow cylindrical workpiece or cylindrical hollow body during the production of rings or sleeves that deviate from a cylindrical shape, e.g., conical rings or conical sleeves. In any case, the method and the apparatus are intended for the production of hollow bodies with a shape deviating from a hollow cylindrical shape, preferably for the production of conical rings or sleeves. The starting workpiece can have a hollow cylindrical shape and thus be designed as a hollow cylindrical workpiece or cylindrical hollow body, which is modified by the forming process.

[0009] The forging press can be constructed in a column design, consisting of an upper beam and a lower beam, as well as multiple columns connecting the upper and lower beams. Additionally, a running beam, guided along the columns, can be provided, to which, for example, the forging saddle is attached as the upper saddle. Alternatively, the press can be constructed in a frame design with one or more (enclosed) press frames. The forging press can be designed for a surface-mounted or an underground drive. With a surface-mounted drive, the press frame is stationary, and the running beam forms the moving part of the press, to which, for example, the forging saddle is attached. With an underground drive, the press frame is movable, and the running beam is fixed in place.

[0010] All designs of these forging presses, especially open-die forging presses, have in common that they have a primary pressing force direction in which the pressing force is applied to the workpiece via the forging shank. This primary pressing force direction, or primary force axis, is generally vertical. Eccentric and asymmetrical loads that deviate from the primary force axis always lead to high stresses on the mechanical press structure. For example, force resultants from the forming process that are asymmetrical to the center of the press cause displacements and tilting of the moving parts, resulting in bending stresses in the press structure. These bending stresses can lead to increased wear on the guides and, in the worst case, to damage to the mechanical structural components.

[0011] Particularly when forging rings or sleeves that deviate from a cylindrical shape, e.g., conical rings or sleeves on a mandrel with a cone, enormous lateral forces are generated, oriented perpendicular to the main pressing force direction. This results in a significant input of lateral forces into the press structure.

[0012] In practice, therefore, when forging conical rings or sleeves on a mandrel with a cone, significantly reduced pressing forces are often used. However, the production of large conical forgings, e.g., for power plant technology, which can weigh several hundred tons, requires very high forming forces, making a reduction in pressing forces practically impossible. Consequently, it is essential to prevent overloading or damage to the press due to transverse forces by other means.

[0013] One way to avoid lateral forces when forging conical rings is to forge the workpiece on a straight mandrel and to position the workpiece's axis of symmetry at an angle to the mandrel axis. Such methods are known, for example, from US 3740993 A and CN 101564750 A. Correction blocks (also called torsion blocks) are used to produce the desired cone shape by positioning the workpiece axis at the required angle. Possible embodiments of such methods and devices with correction blocks can be found, for example, in CN 115921759 A and CN 210614996 U.

[0014] A disadvantage of the known methods is that, especially at the beginning of the forming process from a cylindrical workpiece to a conical ring, fixed workpiece axis introduces high eccentric forces into the press. Alternatively, the workpiece axis can be adjusted gradually to minimize these eccentric loads; however, this would significantly increase the complexity of the fixture and the already difficult-to-control process. Furthermore, adjusting the workpiece axis inevitably leads to torsion within the workpiece, which can result in undesirable material properties and high post-processing costs. Another disadvantage arises particularly when the contour of the ring to be formed deviates from that of a simple cone, as this again introduces enormous lateral forces into the press structure.

[0015] To avoid impermissible lateral force loads on the press while still enabling the production of large conical rings with more complex contours, the use of additional forging devices is known in practice. These additional forging devices can be integrated into a forging press and transfer the vertical pressing force into a horizontal pressing force via a kinematic mechanism. Examples of such designs are described in DE 10 2006 023 721 B3 and JPS5641042 A. Besides high additional costs, such forging devices also introduce further complexity into the forging process and the associated workpiece handling. Furthermore, while they decouple the lateral forces from the press structure, they must consequently absorb these forces internally and transfer them to the foundation. This, in turn, necessitates additional work on the foundation or press table.

[0016] Furthermore, DE 2754443 A1 discloses a method and a device for producing preferably thick-walled and cylindrical hollow bodies, wherein the wall of a cylindrical and heated semi-finished product is thinned by successive deformation steps under a forging press, and wherein the semi-finished product is rotated about its longitudinal axis between the successive deformation steps. It is provided that the counter bearing for the deformation engages on the other side of the workpiece at the generatrix opposite the deformation generatrix, and that the workpiece is additionally spread or supported from the inside in the line of action of the pressing force during each deformation step.

[0017] Finally, CN 207806506 U describes a device with an upper tool and a lower tool for manufacturing conical components.

[0018] All previously known methods for forging conical rings have in common that they can either only very partially prevent the introduction of transverse forces into the press structure, or they are very complex in their design and entail high additional costs. This is where the invention comes in.

[0019] The invention is based on the objective of creating a forging press for forming a tubular workpiece which, with a simple design and economical operation, reliably avoids the introduction of transverse forces into the mechanical press structure, particularly when forging conical rings or sleeves. Furthermore, a method for forming or forging tubular workpieces such as conical rings or sleeves is to be specified. The device and the method are intended to be particularly suitable for the production of large components with high weight and, if necessary, complex structures.

[0020] To solve this problem, the invention teaches, in a forging press of the generic type described above, that the forging saddle has a shoulder with a support surface (preferably oriented parallel to the main pressing force direction) against which the boss can be supported (during pressing or forging) in such a way that the transverse force is introduced into the shoulder of the forging saddle and thus absorbed by the forging saddle itself. Consequently, a shoulder is provided in or on the forging saddle which can bear against the mandrel or an end face of the mandrel.

[0021] The invention is based on the understanding that the introduction of transverse forces into the press frame of a forging press during the production of, for example, conical rings or sleeves can be avoided or at least minimized if the design of the forging saddle or the forging tool ensures that the transverse force generated during forming is introduced into the forging saddle itself. According to the invention, a forging saddle, e.g., an upper saddle, is used for this purpose, which is provided with an (additional) shoulder so that the forging saddle rests on or against the mandrel with its shoulder, thus ensuring that the entire force flow remains in the forging saddle or forging tool and no external transverse forces have to be absorbed by the forging press itself or the press frame. The workpiece is placed between the saddle (e.g., upper saddle) and the mandrel.The workpiece is formed between the upper tool and the mandrel, which is at least partially conical with at least one contact surface oriented obliquely to the mandrel axis. Optionally, the forming surface of the forging saddle can also be adapted to the contour of the mandrel or the workpiece to be produced and may therefore have an oblique forming surface that is oriented, for example, parallel or approximately parallel to the obliquely oriented contact surface of the mandrel. The workpiece is formed between the forging saddle and its forming surface on the one hand, and the conical mandrel and consequently its contact surface on the other. The upper saddle and mandrel, due to their contours, also define the contour of the component to be forged, e.g., the ring. Due to the conical contact surface between the mandrel and the forging saddle, a transverse force results from the pressing force along the main pressing direction.The additional shoulder allows this lateral force to be directly supported on the mandrel, so that the entire force flow remains within the upper tool. A further advantage of using the shoulder according to the invention is the defined position between the forging saddle and the mandrel, which is ensured by the lateral guidance provided by the shoulder. This enables the precise manufacturing of the desired component structure and reduces the mechanical post-processing effort required. Overall, this results in cost-effective and economical production.

[0022] Of particular importance within the scope of the invention is the modified forged saddle, which is equipped with the shoulder essential to the invention. For this purpose, the forged saddle can have a base body oriented transversely to the main pressing force direction, which can be equipped with the obliquely oriented forming surface. The shoulder can be designed as a projection angled away from the base body. Thus, the forged saddle can have an overall L-shape or a C-shape. Further details are also explained in the description of the figures.

[0023] Further optional embodiments are explained below: In a preferred embodiment, a replaceable wear plate is detachably attached to the shoulder, this wear plate having or forming the support surface against which the mandrel rests during the forging process. The shoulder, designed to absorb transverse forces, is therefore provided with an additional wear plate. The relative movements occurring at this point due to the process, resulting in high surface pressure, can lead to increased wear in the shoulder area. The use of a replaceable wear plate allows for easy replacement in case of wear, thus eliminating the need for complex reworking of the upper saddle. This ensures particularly economical operation of the forging press according to the invention, despite its simple design.

[0024] In a further preferred embodiment, optional measures are implemented to prevent the tools or the forging saddle from becoming misaligned during the press approach and simultaneously ensure the tools are positioned correctly relative to each other. For this purpose, a first guide chamfer, oriented obliquely to the support surface, can be provided on the shoulder of the saddle. A second guide chamfer, oriented obliquely to the mandrel axis, can be provided on the mandrel in the area facing the shoulder. In summary, guide chamfers are preferably provided on the upper saddle and / or on the mandrel. These oblique areas of the shoulder and / or the mandrel enable precise guidance during the press approach, thus preventing malfunctions.

[0025] In a further optional embodiment of the invention, the shoulder's support surface is movably arranged on the shoulder, e.g., on a spherical cap movably arranged on the forged saddle or on the shoulder, wherein such a spherical cap has a spherical (e.g., concave or convex) guide surface (on the shoulder). The shoulder is thus provided with a separate shoulder component, which is movably connected to the shoulder or the saddle. The additional shoulder component (which may have a spherical, e.g., convex or concave, contact surface) is connected to the upper saddle or the shoulder via a spherical cap to absorb the transverse forces. The connection via such a spherical cap offers the advantage that even with a slight, process-related tilting of the upper saddle, a full-surface load distribution on the shoulder can always be ensured, so that linear loads within the bearing surface do not occur.

[0026] In all the described embodiments, it is advantageous for the shoulder to be formed integrally with the base body. The shoulder is therefore preferably an integral part of the forged saddle, which itself may be manufactured as a forged part or as a one-piece casting. However, this does not preclude the possibility of additional parts being arranged or attached to the shoulder formed integrally with the base body, such as the described wear plate and / or the described support surface, which may be connected to the shoulder via a cap.

[0027] The invention also relates to a method for open-die forging of a tubular workpiece over a mandrel, wherein the method is preferably carried out with the described forging press. In this method, the workpiece to be formed is arranged on a mandrel which is at least partially conical with at least one contact surface oriented obliquely to the mandrel axis. A forging saddle is positioned against the mandrel and the workpiece arranged on the mandrel in a main pressing force direction (e.g., vertically), thereby applying a pressing force (e.g., stretching force) oriented in the main pressing force direction to the workpiece and deforming it. Due to the obliquely oriented contact surface of the mandrel or the obliquely oriented contact surface between the forging saddle and the mandrel, a transverse force oriented perpendicular to the main pressing force direction and, for example, parallel to the mandrel axis, results.

[0028] The method is characterized by the use of a forged saddle which has a shoulder with a support surface (e.g. oriented parallel to the main pressing force direction) against which the mandrel is supported in such a way that the transverse force is introduced into the shoulder.

[0029] The aspects and options described in connection with the forging press can be used in the design of the process.

[0030] The method and apparatus are intended for the production of hollow bodies with a shape deviating from the hollow cylindrical shape, preferably for the production of conical rings or sleeves.

[0031] The device and method should be particularly suitable for the production of large components with high weight and, if necessary, complex structures. The components can weigh more than 1 ton, preferably more than 10 tons, e.g., 20 tons or more.

[0032] The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to drawings, which merely represent exemplary embodiments. Figure 1 shows, in a highly simplified schematic form, a forging press known from the prior art.

[0033] Figures 2a and 2b show another embodiment known from the prior art.

[0034] Figure 3 schematically simplifies an embodiment of a forging press according to the invention.

[0035] Figure 4 shows a modified embodiment of the invention,

[0036] Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the invention.

[0037] The figures each depict a forging press in the embodiment of an open-die forging press for the open-die forging of a tubular workpiece 1 over a mandrel 2, wherein the forging press is intended in particular for the production of a hollow body that is at least partially conical, e.g., a conical ring or a conical sleeve. The forging press has a press frame (only indicated) and the mandrel 2 arranged in or on the press frame, with the workpiece 1 to be formed being arranged on the mandrel 2. The mandrel 2 is at least partially conical with at least one contact surface 3 oriented obliquely to the mandrel axis D. Furthermore, the device has a forging saddle 4, which in the exemplary embodiment forms an upper saddle or an upper tool and can be adjusted in a main pressing force direction R against the mandrel 2 and the workpiece 1 arranged on the mandrel 2.The forging saddle 4 applies a pressing force FP or stretching force oriented in the main pressing force direction R to the workpiece 1, thereby forming the workpiece and adapting it to the contour of the mandrel 2. The press frame of the forging press is shown in Fig. 1 only as an example and in a highly simplified manner. It is, by way of example, a column-type press frame with an upper beam 17 and a lower beam (not shown), as well as several press columns 18. A guide rail 19 is guided on the press columns 18, to which, in the exemplary embodiment, the forging saddle 4 is attached as the upper saddle. The guide rail 19 is acted upon by at least one (hydraulic) press cylinder 20 to form the workpiece 1; this cylinder may, for example, be supported on the upper beam 17.

[0038] Fig. 1 shows an arrangement known in principle from the prior art, in which the initially cylindrical workpiece 1 is already adapted to the contour of the mandrel 2, i.e., the workpiece 1 is shown in its formed state. It can be seen that, due to the obliquely oriented contact surface 3 of the mandrel 2 or the obliquely oriented contact surface between the forging saddle 4 and the mandrel 2, a transverse force FQ oriented perpendicular to the main pressing force direction R results, which is introduced into and absorbed by the press structure or the press frame. Depending on the embodiment, the absorption of the transverse force FQ can occur at various structural parts of the press and lead to high stresses there. Possible resulting stresses FR of the press mechanism are shown by way of example in Fig. 1. For example, the transverse force loads can be...The lateral forces are absorbed by the guide rails, which in turn are supported by the press columns 18. Depending on the magnitude of the lateral forces, this can result in increased guide wear and even damage to the press columns 18. Such lateral forces could also be absorbed by the press cylinder 20 itself or its guide system, leading to damage there. In practice, the arrangement shown in Figure 1 is therefore limited to production with significantly reduced pressing forces.

[0039] To produce large forged parts, e.g., for power plant technology, high forming forces and thus also high pressing forces are unavoidable. Figures 2a and 2b show an embodiment, also known from the prior art, designed to avoid the introduction of high transverse forces into the press structure. In contrast to Figure 1, the embodiment according to Figures 2a and 2b is provided with a straight mandrel 2' (without conical structures). To forge conical rings, the workpiece is forged on this straight mandrel 2', and the axis of symmetry S of the workpiece 1 is formed at an angle to the mandrel axis D. Correction blocks 5 are used to produce the desired cone, which position the workpiece axis S at the required angle.A disadvantage of this prior art method is that, when the workpiece axis S is fixed, high eccentric forces are introduced into the press, especially at the beginning of the forming process from a cylindrical workpiece to a conical ring (see Figure 2a). Furthermore, fixing the workpiece axis inevitably leads to torsion within the body, which in turn can result in undesirable material properties and high post-processing costs. Another disadvantage arises particularly when the contour of the ring to be formed deviates from that of a pure cone, as this again introduces enormous transverse forces into the press structure.

[0040] The disadvantages described are avoided by the inventive design shown in Figures 3 to 5. According to the invention, the forged saddle 4 has a shoulder 6 with a support surface 7 against which the boss 2 is supported (during pressing) in such a way that the transverse force FQ is introduced into the shoulder 6 and thus absorbed by the forged saddle 4 and / or the mandrel 2. The support surface is preferably oriented transversely (e.g., perpendicularly) to the transverse force and / or (approximately) parallel to the main pressing force direction R.

[0041] Figure 3 shows a schematic representation using the forging of a contoured conical ring as an example. The workpiece 1 is formed between the upper die 4 and the conical mandrel 2. The contours of the upper die 4 and the mandrel 2 also define the contour of the ring to be forged; that is, the mandrel 2 is provided with the inclined contact surface 3, and the forging die 4 itself has an inclined forming surface 8. Figure 3 again illustrates that, due to the conical contact surface 3, 8 between the mandrel 2 and the die 4, a transverse force FQ results on the die 4 from the pressing force FP. However, the additional shoulder 6 allows this transverse force FQ to be directly supported on the mandrel 2, so that the entire force flow remains in the upper die and no external transverse forces have to be absorbed by the forging press or the press frame.Furthermore, Figure 3 shows that a defined position between the upper saddle 4 and the mandrel 2 is ensured by the lateral guidance at the shoulder 6. The basic structure of the forged saddle 4 comprises a base body 9 oriented essentially transversely to the main pressing force direction, which is provided with the obliquely oriented forming surface 8. The shoulder 6 is designed as a projection angled away from the base body 9. Thus, in the illustrated embodiment according to Figure 3, the forged saddle 4 has an essentially L-shaped base form with the shoulder 6 attached to it. Optionally, a replaceable wear plate 10 can be detachably attached to the shoulder 6, which has or forms the support surface 7. This option is shown in Figure 4. Since relative movements with high surface pressure occur at this point due to the process, increased wear is to be expected.The use of the wear plate 10 shown ensures easy replacement in case of wear, thus avoiding costly rework of the upper saddle.

[0042] Optionally, guide chamfers 11 and 12 can be provided on the saddle 4, the shoulder 6, and / or the mandrel 2 to ensure safe approach of the press and secure positioning of the tools relative to each other. In the exemplary embodiment, a first guide chamfer 11, oriented obliquely to the support surface, is provided on the shoulder 6 of the saddle 4. A second guide chamfer 12, oriented obliquely to the mandrel axis D, is provided on the mandrel 2 in the area facing the shoulder. This design can be implemented regardless of whether the guide surface is located on a removable wear plate or on the forged saddle itself.

[0043] Finally, Figure 5 illustrates another option of the invention. In this case, the support surface 7 is movably arranged on the shoulder 6, specifically, in this embodiment, with a spherical (e.g., concave) guide surface 14 movably arranged on the shoulder. The shoulder 6 is provided with a separate shoulder component 15, which is movably connected to the shoulder 6 or the saddle. The additional shoulder component 15 has a spherical, e.g., convex, guide surface 16. The connection via a spherical guide surface 13 offers the advantage that even with slight process-related tilting of the upper saddle, full-surface loading of the shoulder 6 can always be ensured. Line loading within the contact surface is avoided.

[0044] Figures 3 to 5 also make it clear that according to the invention - as in the prior art according to Fig. 1 and in contrast to the prior art according to Fig. 2 - the workpiece axis S is oriented parallel to the mandrel axis D or coincides with the mandrel axis during the entire forging process.

[0045] While Figure 1 shows a simplified representation of a press frame based on a prior art example, the remaining figures omit the representation of the press frame. It is understood, however, that in the other embodiments, and particularly in the embodiments according to the invention as shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5, the arrangement shown is integrated into a press frame, for example, in the same way as shown in Figure 1. The press frame used according to the invention can be designed for above-ground operation with a movable beam, as shown in Figure 1. Alternatively, the press frame can also be designed for below-ground operation, in which the press frame is movable and the beam is fixed in position. Details are not shown in the figures.Furthermore, according to the invention, the press frame can also be implemented in a frame construction with one or more (closed) press frames. This is also not shown.

Claims

Patent claims:

1. Forging press, in particular free-form forging press, for forging a tubular workpiece (1), with - a press frame, - a dome (2) arranged in or on the press frame, on which the workpiece (1) to be formed is or will be arranged, - wherein the dome (2) is at least partially conical with at least one contact surface (3) oriented obliquely to the dome axis (D), - a forging saddle (4) that can be positioned in a main pressing force direction (R) against the dome (2) and the workpiece (1) arranged on the dome (2), with which a pressing force (Fp) oriented in the main pressing force direction (R) can be applied to the workpiece, wherein a transverse force (FQ) oriented transversely to the main pressing force direction (R) results from the pressing force (Fp) due to the obliquely oriented contact surface (3) of the dome (2), characterized in that the forging saddle (4) has a shoulder (6) with a support surface (7) preferably oriented parallel to the main pressing force direction, against which the dome (2) can be supported in such a way that the transverse force (FQ) is introduced into the shoulder (6) and thus absorbed by the forging saddle (4).

2. Press according to claim 1, characterized in that the forging saddle (4) has an obliquely oriented forming surface (8) which is preferably arranged parallel or approximately parallel to the obliquely oriented contact surface (3) of the mandrel (2).

3. Press according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the forging saddle (4) has a base body (9) oriented transversely to the main pressing force direction (R) with the forming surface e.g. inclined, wherein the shoulder (6) is formed as a projection angled away from the base body (9), wherein the forging saddle (4) with the shoulder (6) e.g. has an overall L-shaped or C-shaped basic shape.

4. Press according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a replaceable wear plate (10) is detachably attached to the shoulder (6), which has the support surface (7) or forms the support surface.

5. Press according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a first guide chamfer (11) oriented obliquely to the support surface is provided on the shoulder (6) of the forging saddle (4).

6. Press according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a second guide phase (12) oriented obliquely to the dome axis (D) is provided on the dome (2) in the area facing the shoulder (6).

7. Press according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the support surface (7) is movably arranged on the shoulder (6), e.g. on a calotte (13) movably arranged on the forging saddle or on the shoulder of the forging saddle, wherein the calotte e.g. has a spherical guide surface (14).

8. Press according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the shoulder (6) is formed integrally with the base body (9) as, for example, a one-piece forged saddle.

9. Press according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the press frame in column construction comprises an upper beam (17), a lower beam and several press columns (18).

10. Press according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the press frame in frame construction has one or more, e.g., closed press frames.

11. Press according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a running beam (19) is movably guided in or on the press frame along the main pressing force direction, wherein the forging saddle is arranged on the running beam.

12. Method for forging, in particular open-die forging, a tubular workpiece over a dome, in particular with a forging press according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the workpiece to be formed is arranged on a dome which is at least partially conical with at least one contact surface oriented obliquely to the dome axis, wherein a forging saddle is positioned in a main pressing force direction against the dome and the workpiece arranged on the dome and thus applies a pressing force oriented in the main pressing force direction to the workpiece. and is thereby reshaped, whereby, due to the obliquely oriented contact surface of the dome, a transverse force oriented perpendicular to the main pressing force direction results, characterized in that a forged saddle is used which has a shoulder with a support surface preferably oriented parallel to the main pressing force direction, against which the dome is supported in such a way that the transverse force is introduced into the shoulder.

13. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the forged saddle has an inclined forming surface which is preferably arranged parallel or approximately parallel to the inclined contact surface of the dome, wherein the transverse force results from the inclined contact surface between the forged saddle and the dome.

14. Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that during the forging process the workpiece axis (S) is oriented parallel to the dome axis (D) or coincides with the dome axis.

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