Calculation method and apparatus for snow melting and ice melting combined runoff production, and device and storage medium

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of hydrological resources, and provides a calculation method and apparatus for snow melting and ice melting combined runoff production, and a device and a storage medium. The method comprises: obtaining the amount of snowmelt water on the basis of a preset snow melting temperature and a snow melting factor, wherein the snow melting factor is obtained by means of parameter calibration; on the basis of a preset ice formation temperature and a preset ice melting temperature, obtaining the amount of water released by ice melting; and on the basis of the amount of snowmelt water and the amount of water released by ice melting, obtaining a runoff yield by means of a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model. The method of the present application solves the problem of lack of an effective calculation method for snow melting and ice melting combined runoff production in a seasonal freeze-thaw area.

Description

Calculation method, apparatus, equipment and storage medium for combined snow melting and ice melting flow generation process

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410924090.7, filed on July 10, 2024, entitled “Calculation Method, Apparatus, Equipment and Storage Medium for Combined Snow Melting and Ice Melting Flow Process”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of hydrological resources technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, equipment and storage medium for calculating the combined runoff generation process of snow melting and ice melting. Background Technology

[0003] The melting of snow and ice triggers different types of hydrological processes. Snow, with its uniform distribution on the surface and large area receiving solar radiation, melts rapidly, resulting in rapid runoff and dissipation. Ice, with its smaller distribution area and greater vertical thickness, receives less solar radiation, melts more slowly, and its water-producing process lasts longer. Existing models mostly use daily time-based models for calculations. A few researchers, considering the different characteristics of snow and ice, have attempted to use remote sensing products to calculate daily snow and glacier melt in major basins in the Asian high mountains, or have improved the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model by adding altitude and cumulative daily temperature thresholds to simulate snow and ice melt runoff in the Kunlun Mountains of China.

[0004] However, these studies focus on high-altitude or Arctic regions where ice primarily exists in the form of glaciers. These glaciers are large and widely distributed, with clear boundaries between them and snow, distinguishable by altitude, temperature, or remote sensing. In contrast, ice in seasonally frozen areas originates mainly from surface water such as rivers, springs, ponds, and reservoirs, or from the freezing of snowmelt. It is smaller in scale, more dispersed, and exhibits less variation with altitude. Therefore, it is difficult to separate it from snow cover, and snow and ice melt calculation methods used in high-altitude regions are not applicable to low-altitude seasonally frozen areas.

[0005] Therefore, the lack of an effective calculation method for the combined runoff from snowmelt and icemelt in seasonally frozen and thawed areas is a problem that this application urgently needs to solve.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] This application provides a method, apparatus, equipment, and storage medium for calculating the combined runoff of snow melting and ice melting, in order to solve the problem of the lack of an effective calculation method for the combined runoff of snow melting and ice melting in seasonal freeze-thaw zones.

[0008] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for calculating the combined runoff generation process of snow melting and ice melting, the method comprising:

[0009] The amount of snow melting water is obtained based on the preset snow melting temperature and snow melting factor, where the snow melting factor is obtained through parameter calibration;

[0010] The amount of water released during ice melting is obtained based on the preset ice-forming temperature and the preset ice-melting temperature.

[0011] Based on the snowmelt water volume and ice melt release water volume, the runoff is obtained through a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model.

[0012] In one possible design, the amount of water released during ice melting is obtained based on preset ice-forming temperature and preset ice-melting temperature, including:

[0013] The amount of ice accumulation is obtained based on the preset freezing temperature, where the amount of ice accumulation refers to the amount of frozen ice in the first time period.

[0014] The amount of water released during ice melting is obtained based on the amount of ice accumulation and the preset ice melting temperature.

[0015] In one possible design, the amount of ice accumulation is obtained based on a preset icing temperature, including:

[0016] The freezing time is obtained based on the preset freezing temperature;

[0017] The amount of ice formed is obtained based on soil data and ice formation time. Soil data is used to indicate soil moisture content and soil temperature. The amount of ice formed refers to the amount of frozen ice in the second time period, which is within the first time period.

[0018] The amount of ice accumulated is obtained based on the amount of ice formed.

[0019] In one possible design, during the second time period, the amount of ice formed is obtained based on soil data and ice formation duration, including:

[0020] Based on soil data, the surface runoff area ratio is obtained, which indicates the proportion of surface runoff area to hydrological response units.

[0021] The amount of ice formed is obtained by comparing the ice formation time with the surface runoff area.

[0022] In one possible design, during the second time period, the amount of water released during ice melting is obtained based on the amount of ice accumulation and the preset ice melting temperature, including:

[0023] Based on the amount of ice accumulation, the ice storage area ratio is obtained, which indicates the proportion of the hydrological response unit occupied by the ice storage area.

[0024] The melting time is obtained based on the preset melting temperature;

[0025] The amount of water released during ice melting is obtained based on the ice storage area ratio and the ice melting time.

[0026] In one possible design, during the second time period, the amount of snowmelt water is obtained based on a preset snowmelt temperature and snowmelt factor, including:

[0027] The daily snow melting duration is obtained based on the preset snow melting temperature and the hourly average temperature, where the hourly average temperature is obtained from the daily temperature data.

[0028] The amount of snowmelt water is obtained based on the daily snowmelt duration and snowmelt factor.

[0029] In one possible design, during the second time period, the runoff is obtained using a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model based on snowmelt and ice melt water volume, including:

[0030] Based on the snowmelt water volume, ice melt release water volume, and ice formation volume, the rainfall boundary and delayed runoff are obtained;

[0031] Based on the rainfall boundary and the delayed runoff, the runoff is obtained through a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model.

[0032] Secondly, this application provides a calculation device for the combined runoff generation process of snow melting and ice melting, the device comprising:

[0033] The snow melting module is used to obtain the snow melting water volume based on the preset snow melting temperature and snow melting factor, wherein the snow melting factor is obtained through parameter calibration.

[0034] The ice melting and ice forming module is used to obtain the amount of water released during ice melting based on the preset ice forming temperature and the preset ice melting temperature.

[0035] The runoff generation module is used to obtain the runoff volume based on the snowmelt water volume and ice melt release water volume through a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model.

[0036] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, including: a processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the processor;

[0037] The memory stores instructions that the computer executes;

[0038] When the processor executes computer execution instructions stored in memory, it is used to implement a calculation method for a combined snow melting and ice melting flow generation process according to the first aspect of the invention.

[0039] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement a calculation method for a snow-melting and ice-melting combined flow generation process as described in the first aspect of the invention.

[0040] Fifthly, this application provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, is used to implement a calculation method for a combined snow melting and ice melting flow process as described in the first aspect of the invention.

[0041] This application provides a method, apparatus, equipment, and storage medium for calculating the combined runoff generation process of snowmelt and icemelt. It obtains the snowmelt water volume based on a preset snowmelt temperature and a snowmelt factor (the snowmelt factor is obtained through parameter calibration); it obtains the ice-melting water release volume based on preset freezing temperatures and preset ice-melting temperatures; and it obtains the runoff volume using a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model based on the snowmelt water volume and ice-melting water release volume. This achieves the following technical effects: by obtaining the runoff volume based on the snowmelt water volume and ice-melting water release volume using a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model, it solves the problem of the lack of an effective calculation method for the combined runoff generation of snowmelt and icemelt in seasonal freeze-thaw areas; by obtaining the ice-melting water release volume based on preset freezing temperatures and preset ice-melting temperatures, it solves the problem that ice-melting models are not applicable to low-altitude seasonal freeze-thaw areas. Attached Figure Description

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0043] Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for calculating the combined runoff generation process of snow melting and ice melting according to an embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a calculation method for a combined snow melting and ice melting flow generation process provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a calculation device for a combined snow melting and ice melting flow generation process provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device hardware provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure label:

[0048] 100 - Calculation device for combined snow melting and ice melting flow generation process; 110 - Snow melting module; 120 - Ice melting and ice formation module; 130 - Flow generation module;

[0049] 200 - Electronic device; 210 - Processor; 220 - Memory; 230 - Communication component; 240 - Bus. Detailed Implementation

[0050] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0051] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used to distinguish identical or similar items with substantially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity or execution order, nor do they necessarily imply difference. It should be noted that in the embodiments of this application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design scheme described as "exemplary" or "for example" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design schemes. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a concrete manner. In the embodiments of this application, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "more than one" refers to two or more.

[0052] It should be noted that the phrase "at...time" in the embodiments of this application can refer to the instant at which a certain situation occurs, or to a period of time after the occurrence of a certain situation; the embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this. Furthermore, the method for calculating the combined snow melting and ice melting runoff process provided in the embodiments of this application is merely an example; a method for calculating the combined snow melting and ice melting runoff process may include more or fewer elements.

[0053] To facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, some terms and technologies involved in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below:

[0054] The SWAT model is a physically based model capable of simulating continuous time series. SWAT simulations of watershed hydrological processes are divided into two phases: the terrestrial phase of the hydrological cycle, namely runoff generation and slope runoff, and the confluence phase, namely river channel runoff. The former controls the input of water, sediment, nutrients, and chemicals into the main channel of each sub-basin; the latter determines the transport of water, sediment, and other substances from the river network to the watershed outlet. The entire water cycle system follows the law of water balance.

[0055] Hydrological Response Units (HRUs) are the smallest hydrological units with the same hydrological characteristics, divided according to factors such as vegetation, soil, and slope within a watershed. They form the basis for distributed hydrological model simulations.

[0056] Snowmelt is a primary water source for domestic and agricultural irrigation, recreational activities, and hydropower generation in cold regions. However, floods caused by snowmelt also pose a serious threat to the properties and ecological security of downstream rivers. Because snow and ice in cold regions are highly sensitive to temperature changes, establishing models that accurately quantify snowmelt flow under climate change conditions is crucial for the effective utilization of snowmelt resources in cold regions and for preventing floods caused by snowmelt.

[0057] The melting of snow and ice triggers different types of hydrological processes. Existing cold-region hydrological models often treat ice and snow as uniformly accumulated snow for runoff calculations, failing to consider the differences in their formation, accumulation, and melting processes. Melt-freezing models are primarily used in polar and high-altitude regions, targeting large glaciers, and mainly distinguish between ice and snow through remote sensing imagery and the snow line; they are not suitable for low-altitude seasonal freeze-thaw zones. The ice-forming processes in seasonal freeze-thaw zones differ significantly from those in high-altitude cold-region glaciers, and currently, effective calculation methods are lacking.

[0058] The lack of an effective calculation method for the combined runoff from snowmelt and icemelt in seasonally frozen and thawed areas is a problem that this application urgently needs to solve.

[0059] Based on this, the embodiments of this application provide a method, apparatus, equipment and storage medium for calculating the combined runoff generation process of snow melting and ice melting, which can be used in the field of hydrological resources technology and aims to solve the above-mentioned technical problems of the prior art.

[0060] Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for calculating the combined runoff generation process of snow melting and ice melting according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the method includes:

[0061] S101. Obtain the snow melting water volume based on the preset snow melting temperature and snow melting factor;

[0062] Specifically, the snow melting factor is obtained through parameter calibration; the average temperature for each hour of 24 hours is calculated based on the temperature data in the meteorological data, and the duration of the snow melting process, i.e. the daily snow melting duration, is calculated based on the set snow melting temperature. Then, based on the daily snow melting duration and the snow melting factor, the snow melting water volume is calculated using the snow melting formula.

[0063] S102. Based on the preset ice-forming temperature and preset ice-melting temperature, obtain the amount of water released during ice melting;

[0064] Specifically, firstly, the duration of the melting and freezing processes is calculated based on the set melting and freezing temperatures. Secondly, the proportion of the ice storage area to the HRU is calculated based on the maximum ice accumulation in the basin and the ice accumulation on the day. Thirdly, the melting rate is calculated based on the annual maximum and minimum melting factors. Next, the ice temperature is calculated based on the air temperature, the ice temperature of the previous day, and the ice temperature lag factor. Finally, the amount of water released by melting is calculated based on the air temperature, ice temperature, melting time, rate, and ice accumulation area.

[0065] S103. Based on the snowmelt water volume and ice melt release water volume, the runoff is obtained through a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model.

[0066] Specifically, based on the snowmelt water volume and ice melt release volume, the ice formation and ice melting processes are added to improve the rainfall boundary in the SWAT model. At the same time, since the ice formation process is the refreezing of surface runoff, it is also necessary to improve the hysteretic runoff of the previous day in the SWAT model. The runoff volume is calculated using the improved SWAT model.

[0067] This application provides a method for calculating the combined runoff generation process of snowmelt and icemelt. The method obtains the snowmelt water volume based on a preset snowmelt temperature and a snowmelt factor (the snowmelt factor is obtained through parameter calibration); it obtains the ice-melting water release volume based on preset freezing temperatures and ice-melting temperatures; and it obtains the runoff volume using a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model based on the snowmelt water volume and ice-melting water release volume. This achieves the following technical effects: by obtaining the runoff volume based on the snowmelt water volume and ice-melting water release volume using a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model, it solves the problem of the lack of an effective calculation method for the combined runoff generation of snowmelt and icemelt in seasonal freeze-thaw areas; by obtaining the ice-melting water release volume based on preset freezing temperatures and ice-melting temperatures, it solves the problem that ice-melting models are not applicable to low-altitude seasonal freeze-thaw areas.

[0068] Figure 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for calculating the combined runoff generation process of snow melting and ice melting according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 2, the method includes:

[0069] S201. During the second time period, the daily snow melting duration is obtained based on the preset snow melting temperature and the hourly average temperature; the snow melting water volume is obtained based on the daily snow melting duration and the snow melting factor.

[0070] Specifically, the snow melting factor is obtained through parameter calibration, the hourly average temperature is obtained based on daily temperature data, and the second time period is the unit time period for calculating the production flow. For example, if the production flow is calculated daily, then the first time period is one day.

[0071] The daily snowmelt duration is calculated based on the preset snowmelt temperature and hourly average temperature, specifically including: HR snomlt =∑T hr-i T hr-i ≥T s_mlt

[0072] Among them, T av T mx and T mn These represent the daily average temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature, respectively, in °C; hr-i represents the hourly sequence of the day, i = 1-24; T hr-iT represents the average temperature in the (hr-i)th hour, in °C. s_mlt HR is the critical temperature for snow melting, expressed in °C. snomlt This refers to the duration of the snow melting process, measured in hours.

[0073] The amount of snowmelt water is obtained based on the daily snowmelt duration and snowmelt factor, specifically including:

[0074] Among them, SNO mlt This is the snowmelt water volume calculated for a specific day, measured in mmH2O; SMFAC is the snowmelt factor for that day, measured in mmH2O / day-℃; sno cov The proportion of snow cover to the area of ​​the HRU; It is the snow cover temperature for a given date, in °C.

[0075] S202. During the second time period, the ice storage area ratio is obtained based on the amount of ice accumulated; the ice melting time is obtained based on the preset ice melting temperature; and the amount of water released during ice melting is obtained based on the ice storage area ratio and the ice melting time.

[0076] Specifically, the ice storage area ratio is used to indicate the proportion of the hydrological response unit area occupied by ice storage area;

[0077] Based on the amount of ice accumulated, the ice storage area ratio is obtained, specifically including:

[0078] Among them, ice cov The proportion of ice-covered area to the HRU (Hot Refrigerated Unit) on a given day, i.e., the ice storage area ratio; ICE and ICE max These are the daily ice accumulation and the maximum ice accumulation in the basin, respectively, in mmH2O.

[0079] Based on the preset melting temperature, the melting time is obtained, specifically including: HR icemlt =∑T hr-i T hr-i ≥T ice_mlt

[0080] Among them, T ice_mlt HR represents the critical temperature for ice melting, expressed in °C. For simplified calculations, 0 °C can be used. icemlt This refers to the duration of the ice-melting process, measured in hours.

[0081] The amount of water released during ice melting is calculated based on the ice storage area ratio and the ice melting time, specifically including:

[0082] Where IMFAC is the melting rate; ICEFMX and ICEFMN are the melting factors on June 21 and December 21, respectively, in mmH2O / day-℃; TIPM_ICE is the ice temperature hysteresis coefficient; d n This represents the nth day of the year; and This represents the temperature of ice on day n and day n-1, in °C; ICE mlt This indicates the amount of water released during ice melt on a given day, expressed in mmH2O.

[0083] S203. During the second time period, the freezing time is obtained based on the preset freezing temperature.

[0084] Specifically, the freezing time is obtained based on the preset freezing temperature, including: HR frz =∑T hr-i T hr-i <T ice_frz

[0085] Among them, T ice_frz HR represents the critical temperature at which ice forms, expressed in °C. For simplified calculations, 0 °C can be used. frz This refers to the duration of the ice-forming process, measured in hours.

[0086] S204. During the second time period, the surface runoff area ratio is obtained based on soil data; the amount of ice formed is obtained based on the ice formation time and the surface runoff area ratio.

[0087] Specifically, the surface runoff area ratio is used to indicate the proportion of surface runoff area to the hydrological response unit; soil data is used to indicate soil moisture content and soil temperature; and ice formation refers to the amount of frozen ice in the second time period, which is within the first time period.

[0088] Assuming that ice formation only occurs in areas with temperatures below 0°C and surface runoff, the proportion of surface runoff in the HRU (High-Resolution Earth Registry) is first calculated based on soil saturation moisture content, soil moisture content, and surface soil temperature. Based on soil data, the surface runoff area ratio is obtained, specifically including:

[0089] Among them, runoff cov It is the proportion of the surface runoff area to the HRU; SW and SW sat It calculates the soil moisture content and saturated moisture content, in mmH2O; icov1 and icov2 are the shape parameters of the runoff area curve; TSS ssurf It is the temperature of the surface soil, expressed in °C.

[0090] The amount of ice formed is obtained based on the ratio of ice formation time to surface runoff area, specifically including:

[0091] Among them, ICE formation It is the amount of ice formed on a given day, measured in mmH2O; IFRZFAC is the freezing rate, measured in mmH2O / day-℃; T runoff It is the temperature of surface runoff, measured in °C.

[0092] S205. Based on the amount of ice formed, obtain the amount of ice accumulated;

[0093] Specifically, the amount of ice accumulated refers to the amount of frozen ice within the first time period. The first time period is the period during which the amount of ice accumulated is calculated. For example, if the amount of ice formed in the past ten days is added together to obtain the current day's ice accumulation, then the first time period is ten days.

[0094] The amount of ice accumulated is obtained based on the amount of ice formed, specifically including: ICE = ICE + ICE formation

[0095] Here, ICE represents the amount of ice accumulated on a given day, with the unit being mmH2O.

[0096] S206. During the second time period, the rainfall boundary and delayed runoff are obtained based on the snowmelt water volume, ice melt release water volume, and ice formation volume; based on the rainfall boundary and delayed runoff, the runoff is obtained through a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model.

[0097] Specifically, based on snowmelt water volume, ice melt release water volume, and ice formation volume, the rainfall boundary and delayed runoff are obtained, including: PRECIP dn =PRECIP dn +SNO mlt +ICE mlt -ICE formation

[0098] Among them, PRECIP dn For a given day, calculate the upper boundary conditions for runoff generation and infiltration processes, i.e., the rainfall boundary, converted to precipitation in mmH2O; Q stor，n The lag production flow rate is the previous day, expressed in mmH2O.

[0099] Based on the rainfall boundary and the delayed yield, the SWAT model was improved to calculate the yield.

[0100] In one example, firstly, a SWAT model is established based on basic data such as topography, land use type, soil, and meteorology of the simulated area. The required parameters of the model are entered, and the model is calibrated and validated based on measured data such as runoff during the melting period. Secondly, parameters related to the model are set and improved, including: the proportion of ice-covered area, the melting factor, the ice temperature lag coefficient, the shape parameter of the surface runoff area curve, the freezing rate, the ice melting rate, and the maximum ice accumulation in the watershed. Finally, the runoff generated during melting in the region is calculated based on the calibrated and validated model parameters.

[0101] The simulation study was conducted within the control area of ​​the Heidingzi River Basin in Changchun City, Jilin Province, covering an area of ​​6.84 square kilometers. The main land use types in the basin are cornfields, rural residential areas, and forest land, accounting for 80.4%, 16.7%, and 2.9%, respectively. The average annual temperature in this area is 4.8℃, and the average annual rainfall is 624.7 mm. The freeze-thaw period lasts from mid-November of the previous year to early March of the following year, during which the average temperature is -10.5℃ and the average rainfall is 31.8 mm.

[0102] The simulated area was divided into three sub-basins and 23 HRUs. Meteorological data were collected from the Shuangyang District Meteorological Station in Jilin City, and runoff data during the melting period were collected from the Heidingzi Reservoir Management Station from 2014 to 2016.

[0103] The melting runoff process in the simulated region was simulated using the method and the improved SWAT model of this application. The original SWAT model was run, and the relevant parameters were calibrated and validated using the SWAT calibration model. The coefficient of determination (R²) and Nash coefficient were used to evaluate the simulation results. The R² values ​​for the calibration and validation periods were 0.82 and 0.68, respectively, and the Nash coefficients (NSE) were 0.87 and 0.46, respectively. The improved SWAT model showed R² values ​​of 0.87 and 0.83, and Nash coefficients of 0.76 and 0.66, respectively, which are significantly improved compared to the original model, indicating better simulation performance. Furthermore, by fitting the relationship between early-stage melting runoff and temperature, it was found that the coefficients of determination for the original model during the calibration and validation periods were 0.58 and 0.36, respectively, while the improved model's coefficients of determination increased to 0.62 and 0.47, respectively. Moreover, the fitted curve parameters and coefficients of determination of the improved model are closer to the observed values, indicating that the improved model significantly improves the sensitivity of the simulation results to temperature.

[0104] The method provided in this embodiment obtains the snowmelt water volume based on a preset snowmelt temperature and a snowmelt factor, wherein the snowmelt factor is obtained through parameter calibration; it obtains the ice melt water release volume based on a preset freezing temperature and a preset ice melt temperature; and it obtains the runoff based on the snowmelt water volume and the ice melt water release volume using a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model. This achieves the following technical effects: by obtaining the runoff based on the snowmelt water volume and the ice melt water release volume using a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model, it solves the problem of the lack of an effective calculation method for the combined runoff from snowmelt and ice melt in seasonal freeze-thaw areas; by obtaining the ice melt water release volume based on the preset freezing temperature and the preset ice melt temperature, it solves the problem that the ice melt model is not applicable to low-altitude seasonal freeze-thaw areas; by dividing the snowmelt, ice melt, and freezing times of the day according to atmospheric temperature, the model simulation results are more sensitive to temperature changes, and can effectively simulate and identify the impact of temperature fluctuations accompanying climate change on the runoff process during the melting period in seasonal freeze-thaw areas, making the calculation of the snow and ice melting process during the freeze-thaw period more refined and more consistent with reality. The model subdivides traditional snowmelt runoff into snowmelt and ice melt runoff, adding ice formation and ice melting modules and ice-related parameters. This makes the depiction of watershed runoff processes during the melting period more realistic, reducing the need for excessive adjustment of snowmelt model parameters to adapt to ice melting process simulation, thus reducing model uncertainty and achieving a better depiction of snow accumulation, ice formation, snowmelt, and ice melting processes. By introducing parameters such as surface runoff area ratio and ice cover area ratio, the model realizes the calculation of ice formation and ice melting processes. The calculation of surface runoff area ratio considers both unfrozen and frozen conditions. In the frozen condition, it comprehensively considers soil moisture content, frozen soil temperature, and the weakening effect of frozen soil on soil infiltration, demonstrating a clear physical mechanism.

[0105] This application embodiment can divide an electronic device or main control device into functional modules according to the above method examples. For example, each function can be divided into its own functional modules, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. It should be noted that the module division in this application embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division; other division methods may be used in actual implementation.

[0106] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a snow melting and ice melting combined flow generation process calculation device provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3, the snow melting and ice melting combined flow generation process calculation device 100 includes: a snow melting module 110, an ice melting and ice forming module 120, and a flow generation module 130;

[0107] The snow melting module 110 is used to obtain the snow melting water volume based on the preset snow melting temperature and snow melting factor, wherein the snow melting factor is obtained through parameter calibration.

[0108] The ice melting and ice forming module 120 is used to obtain the amount of water released during ice melting based on the preset ice forming temperature and the preset ice melting temperature.

[0109] The runoff generation module 130 is used to obtain the runoff volume based on the snowmelt water volume and ice melt release water volume through a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model.

[0110] In one possible design, the ice-melting and ice-forming module 120 is specifically used for:

[0111] The amount of ice accumulation is obtained based on the preset freezing temperature, where the amount of ice accumulation refers to the amount of frozen ice in the first time period.

[0112] The amount of water released during ice melting is obtained based on the amount of ice accumulation and the preset ice melting temperature.

[0113] In one possible design, the ice-melting and ice-forming module 120 is specifically used for:

[0114] The freezing time is obtained based on the preset freezing temperature;

[0115] The amount of ice formed is obtained based on soil data and ice formation time. Soil data is used to indicate soil moisture content and soil temperature. The amount of ice formed refers to the amount of frozen ice in the second time period, which is within the first time period.

[0116] The amount of ice accumulated is obtained based on the amount of ice formed.

[0117] In one possible design, during the second time period, the ice-melting and ice-forming module 120 is specifically used for:

[0118] Based on soil data, the surface runoff area ratio is obtained, which indicates the proportion of surface runoff area to hydrological response units.

[0119] The amount of ice formed is obtained by comparing the ice formation time with the surface runoff area.

[0120] In one possible design, during the second time period, the ice-melting and ice-forming module 120 is specifically used for:

[0121] Based on the amount of ice accumulation, the ice storage area ratio is obtained, which indicates the proportion of the hydrological response unit occupied by the ice storage area.

[0122] The melting time is obtained based on the preset melting temperature;

[0123] The amount of water released during ice melting is obtained based on the ice storage area ratio and the ice melting time.

[0124] In one possible design, during the second time period, the snow melting module 110 is specifically used for:

[0125] The daily snow melting duration is obtained based on the preset snow melting temperature and the hourly average temperature, where the hourly average temperature is obtained from the daily temperature data.

[0126] The amount of snowmelt water is obtained based on the daily snowmelt duration and snowmelt factor.

[0127] In one possible design, during the second time period, the flow generation module 130 is specifically used for:

[0128] Based on the snowmelt water volume, ice melt release water volume, and ice formation volume, the rainfall boundary and delayed runoff are obtained;

[0129] Based on the rainfall boundary and the delayed runoff, the runoff is obtained through a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model.

[0130] The snow melting and ice melting combined flow generation process calculation device provided in this embodiment can execute the snow melting and ice melting combined flow generation process calculation method of the above embodiment. Its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, and will not be described again in this embodiment.

[0131] In the specific implementation of the aforementioned snow and ice melting combined flow generation process calculation device, each module can be implemented as a processor. The processor can execute computer execution instructions stored in the memory, so that the processor executes the aforementioned snow and ice melting combined flow generation process calculation method.

[0132] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 4, the electronic device 200 includes at least one processor 210 and a memory 220. The electronic device 200 also includes a communication component 230. The processor 210, the memory 220, and the communication component 230 are connected via a bus 240.

[0133] In the specific implementation process, at least one processor 210 executes computer execution instructions stored in memory 220, causing at least one processor 210 to execute a snow melting and ice melting combined flow generation process calculation method as executed on the electronic device side.

[0134] The specific implementation process of processor 210 can be found in the above method embodiments, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar. It will not be repeated here.

[0135] In the above embodiments, it should be understood that the processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in this invention can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor.

[0136] The memory may include high-speed random-access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device.

[0137] The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of illustration, the buses shown in the accompanying drawings are not limited to a single bus or a single type of bus.

[0138] The above description addresses the functions implemented by electronic devices and main control devices, and introduces the solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. It is understood that, in order to achieve the above functions, the electronic device or main control device includes hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. By combining the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in the embodiments disclosed in this application, the embodiments of this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed by hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

[0139] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the above-described method for calculating the combined snow and ice melting flow generation process.

[0140] The aforementioned readable storage medium can be any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. The readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0141] An exemplary readable storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the readable storage medium. Of course, the readable storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the readable storage medium can reside in an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Alternatively, the processor and the readable storage medium can exist as discrete components in an electronic device or a host device.

[0142] This application also provides a computer program product, comprising: a computer program stored in a readable storage medium, wherein at least one processor of an electronic device can read the computer program from the readable storage medium, and the at least one processor executes the computer program to cause the electronic device to perform the scheme provided in any of the above embodiments.

[0143] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above-described method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the program performs the steps of the above-described method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0144] The technical solutions of this application have been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of this application is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the combined runoff generation process of snow melting and ice melting, characterized in that, The method includes: The amount of snow melting water is obtained based on the preset snow melting temperature and snow melting factor, wherein the snow melting factor is obtained through parameter calibration; The amount of water released during ice melting is obtained based on the preset ice-forming temperature and the preset ice-melting temperature. Based on the snowmelt water volume and the ice melt release water volume, the runoff is obtained through a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the amount of water released during ice melting based on preset ice-forming temperature and preset ice-melting temperature includes: The amount of ice accumulation is obtained based on the preset freezing temperature, wherein the amount of ice accumulation refers to the amount of frozen ice within the first time period; The amount of water released during ice melting is obtained based on the amount of ice accumulation and the preset ice melting temperature.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the amount of ice accumulation based on the preset ice-forming temperature includes: The freezing time is obtained based on the preset freezing temperature; The amount of ice formed is obtained based on the soil data and the ice formation time, wherein the soil data is used to indicate the soil moisture content and soil temperature, and the amount of ice formed refers to the amount of frozen ice in a second time period, which is within the first time period; The amount of ice accumulated is obtained based on the amount of ice formed.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, During the second time period, obtaining the amount of ice formed based on soil data and the ice-forming duration includes: Based on the soil data, the surface runoff area ratio is obtained, wherein the surface runoff area ratio is used to indicate the proportion of surface runoff area to hydrological response units; The amount of ice formed is obtained based on the ice formation time and the surface runoff area ratio.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, During the second time period, the step of obtaining the amount of water released during ice melting based on the amount of ice accumulation and the preset ice melting temperature includes: Based on the ice accumulation, the ice storage area ratio is obtained, wherein the ice storage area ratio is used to indicate the proportion of the hydrological response unit occupied by the ice storage area; The melting time is obtained based on the preset melting temperature; The amount of water released during ice melting is obtained based on the ice storage area ratio and the ice melting time.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, During the second time period, the process of obtaining the snowmelt water volume based on the preset snowmelt temperature and snowmelt factor includes: The daily snow melting duration is obtained based on the preset snow melting temperature and the hourly average temperature, wherein the hourly average temperature is obtained based on daily temperature data; The amount of snowmelt water is obtained based on the daily snowmelt duration and the snowmelt factor.

7. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, During the second time period, the process of obtaining the runoff based on the snowmelt water volume and the ice melt release water volume using a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model includes: The rainfall boundary and delayed production flow rate are obtained based on the snowmelt water volume, the ice melt release water volume, and the ice formation volume. The runoff is obtained using the pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model based on the rainfall boundary and the delayed runoff.

8. A calculation device for the combined snow melting and ice melting flow generation process, characterized in that, The device includes: The snow melting module is used to obtain the snow melting water volume based on the preset snow melting temperature and snow melting factor, wherein the snow melting factor is obtained through parameter calibration; The ice melting and ice forming module is used to obtain the amount of water released during ice melting based on the preset ice forming temperature and the preset ice melting temperature. The runoff generation module is used to obtain the runoff volume based on the snowmelt water volume and the ice melt release water volume through a pre-stored distributed watershed hydrological model.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; The memory stores computer-executed instructions; When the processor executes the computer execution instructions stored in the memory, it is used to implement the calculation method for the combined snow melting and ice melting flow process as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the calculation method for the combined snow melting and ice melting flow generation process as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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