Information presentation device and information presentation method

Abstract

This information presentation device includes: an acquisition unit configured to acquire data on a plurality of indices for a user to whom information is to be presented, at a plurality of timings, and record the acquired data in a first storage unit; a selection unit configured to select, from the plurality of indices, an index to be preferentially presented to the user on the basis of a rule corresponding to the strength of a present bias for the user indicated by information stored in a second storage unit, among a plurality of rules set according to the strength of the present bias with respect to the presentation of the information; and an output unit configured to output, as a preferential presentation target for the user, information based on the data on the index selected by the selection unit from the data stored in the first storage unit. Thus, effective information presentation can be performed according to the person.

Description

Information presentation device and information presentation method

[0001] The present invention relates to an information presentation device and an information presentation method.

[0002] The strength of present bias is said to affect various aspects of daily life, such as health, learning, and savings. For example, in the area of ​​health, it has been pointed out that people with strong present bias are strongly associated with health problems such as higher rates of obesity and smoking.

[0003] Patent No. 7380691

[0004] Volpp, KG, LK John, AB Troxel, L. Norton, J. Fassbender, and G. Loewenstein, "Financial incentive-based approaches for weight loss: A randomized trial", JAMA 300(22), 2631-2637, 2008Heyman, J., & Ariely, D, "Effort for payment: A tale of two markets", Psychological Science, 15(11), 787-793, 2004

[0005] The strength of present bias determines the effective content of information to promote behavioral change. For example, in the case of intertemporal choices (in economics), such as dieting, where there is a time lag between the time when calories are ingested and the time when the result is weight gain or loss, people with strong present bias will procrastinate from engaging in healthy behavior if they are simply presented with an end goal.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has an object to enable effective information presentation depending on the person.

[0007] In order to solve the above problem, the information presentation device has an acquisition unit configured to acquire data on multiple indicators for a user to whom information is to be presented at multiple times and record the data in a first memory unit; a selection unit configured to select an indicator to be preferentially presented to the user from among the multiple indicators based on a rule corresponding to the strength of the current bias indicated by information stored in a second memory unit for the user, out of multiple rules set according to the strength of the current bias regarding the presentation of information; and an output unit configured to output information based on data on the indicator selected by the selection unit from the data stored in the first memory unit as a preferential target for presentation to the user.

[0008] It is possible to present information effectively according to the individual.

[0009] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an information presentation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of an information presentation device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of an information presentation device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user information storage unit 121. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a life log information storage unit 122. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a presentation rule storage unit 123. FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a processing procedure executed by the information presentation device 10.

[0010] The information display device 10 of this embodiment presents information according to the strength of present bias. For example, the information display device 10 presents information to a group with a strong present bias so that they can easily recognize leading indicators that provide immediate feedback on the results of current actions, rather than lagging indicators that take time to appear. If the goal is to lose weight, the information display device 10 presents information so that leading indicators such as calories ingested and calories burned are prominent, rather than lagging indicators such as weight. This makes it possible to increase the value of taking action now without procrastinating. On the other hand, the information display device 10 presents information so that lagging indicators are easily recognized, for a group with a weak present bias. If the goal is to lose weight, the information display device 10 presents weight prominently, and calories ingested and calories burned as auxiliary information. Note that present bias refers to a cognitive bias that leads to overconfidence in patience in the distant future and impatience in the near future.

[0011] An embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an information presentation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 1, one or more user terminals 20 are connected to an information presentation device 10 via a network such as the Internet.

[0012] The user terminal 20 is a terminal used by a person (hereinafter referred to as a "user") who has registered to use a service provided by the information presentation device 10 (for example, a service that presents information to encourage behavioral changes to lead a healthy lifestyle) to input information into the service (hereinafter referred to as an "information presentation service") and to display information output from the information presentation device 10 as a presentation target for the user. In other words, the user is the recipient of the information.

[0013] The information presentation device 10 is one or more computers that output (transmit) information for supporting a user's behavioral change to a user terminal 20 as presentation information for the user.

[0014] 2 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of an information presentation device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The information presentation device 10 in FIG. 2 includes a drive device 100, an auxiliary storage device 102, a memory device 103, a processor 104, and an interface device 105, all of which are interconnected via a bus B.

[0015] A program that realizes processing in the information presentation device 10 is provided by a recording medium 101 such as a CD-ROM. When the recording medium 101 storing the program is set in the drive device 100, the program is installed from the recording medium 101 to the auxiliary storage device 102 via the drive device 100. However, the program does not necessarily have to be installed from the recording medium 101, but may be downloaded from another computer via a network. The auxiliary storage device 102 stores the installed program as well as necessary files, data, etc.

[0016] When an instruction to start a program is received, the memory device 103 reads the program from the auxiliary storage device 102 and stores it. The processor 104 is a CPU or a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), or a CPU and a GPU, and executes functions related to the information presentation device 10 in accordance with the program stored in the memory device 103. The interface device 105 is used as an interface for connecting to a network.

[0017] 3 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of an information presentation device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, the information presentation device 10 includes an acquisition unit 11, a current bias estimation unit 12, a selection unit 13, and an output unit 14. These units are implemented by a processor 104 executing one or more programs installed in the information presentation device 10. The information presentation device 10 also uses a user information storage unit 121, a life log information storage unit 122, and a presentation rule storage unit 123. These storage units can be implemented using, for example, an auxiliary storage device 102, a storage device connectable to the information presentation device 10 via a network, or the like.

[0018] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the user information storage unit 121. As shown in FIG. 4, the user information storage unit 121 stores user information for each user, including the current bias, age, gender, height, and target weight. Of the items constituting the user information, data other than the current bias is input by the user to the user terminal 20. The acquisition unit 11 receives (acquires) the data from the user terminal 20, and the acquisition unit 11 records the data in the user information storage unit 121. The current bias is information indicating the strength of the current bias, and in this embodiment, is distinguished by two values, "strong" or "weak." As for the current bias, a value estimated by the current bias estimation unit 12, as described below, is registered. However, the value of the current bias may be expressed numerically. In this case, whether the current bias is strong or not may be distinguished based on a threshold value.

[0019] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the life log information storage unit 122. It is a digital data history of each user's behavior (lifestyle) recorded at multiple times over a fixed period (e.g., once a day). In this embodiment, data recorded at one time is referred to as "life log information." In FIG. 5, the life log information includes indicators such as the measurement date and time, number of steps, heart rate, weight, sleep time, calories burned, and calories ingested. However, other indicators may also be included. Data for each indicator constituting the life log information is periodically uploaded from an application (hereinafter referred to as a "client application") corresponding to the information presentation service installed on the user terminal 20. The measurement date and time may be the date and time when the acquisition unit 11 receives the life log information from the client application (user terminal 20), or the date and time when the client application measures the life log information. The number of steps, heart rate, weight, sleep time, calories burned, and calories ingested refer to the number of steps, heart rate, weight, sleep time, calories burned, and calories ingested for a fixed period immediately preceding the measurement date and time. These indicators include indicators that are measured in a short time, such as heart rate and weight. However, the data for such indicators may be a measurement value taken at a certain time during a recent fixed period, or may be an average of measurements taken at multiple times. Furthermore, the data for each indicator does not necessarily have to be data automatically measured by the client app. For example, the data may be data received by the client app from various sensors or a weight scale, or data acquired by the client app from a specialized application corresponding to each indicator. Alternatively, the user may input the results of their own measurements into the client app. Life log information is a candidate for presentation information to encourage behavioral change.

[0020] In this embodiment, an information presentation service for weight management is assumed, and an example is shown in which indicators closely related to changes in weight are used as life log information, but indicators related to other fields such as healthcare, medical, education, and business may also be used as life log information.

[0021] 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the presentation rule storage unit 123. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the presentation rule storage unit 123 stores a plurality of rules (hereinafter referred to as "presentation rules") regarding information presentation that are set according to the strength of present bias in order to enable information presentation that is tailored to the strength of present bias. The presentation rules are rules (regulations) regarding which indicators of which periods of life log information are to be presented. Specifically, each record (presentation rule) in the presentation rule storage unit 123 includes items such as "present bias," "past," "present," "future," and "indicators."

[0022] "Current bias" is an item indicating whether the presentation rule is applied to a user with a strong current bias or to a user with a weak current bias.

[0023] "Past" is an item that indicates which period of life log information is to be presented (output) from among multiple periods including timings when life log information was acquired prior to the date and time of information presentation. For example, "1 day" means life log information for the past one day (the day before), and "1 month" means life log information for the past one month.

[0024] "Current" is an item that indicates which period of life log information is to be presented (output) on the day to which the information presentation date and time belongs. For example, "1 day" means the life log information for the current day.

[0025] The "future" field indicates how much of the life log information (predicted values) from the date and time of information presentation should be presented (output). For example, "one month" indicates the predicted values ​​of the life log information from the present time to one month from now.

[0026] An "index" is an index that is preferentially presented. FIG. 6 shows that leading indicators are preferentially presented to users with a strong current bias, and lagging indicators are preferentially presented to users with a weak current bias. Preferentially presenting an index may mean presenting the index in a way that makes it more noticeable (easier to see), or may mean presenting only the index, or may mean including at least one of the indexes in the presentation targets.

[0027] Note that the values ​​of "past," "present," and "future" in FIG. 6 are merely examples. For example, the "past" value of the presentation rule for a user with a strong present bias may be, for example, one week or some other period. The "past" and "future" values ​​of the presentation rule for a user with a weak present bias may be, for example, one day or one year or some other period. However, as in the example of FIG. 6 , it is preferable that the presentation rule for a user with a weak present bias be longer. This is because, while lagging indicators are presented to users with a weak present bias, the data of lagging indicators may not change in a short period of time, and unless long-term trends are presented, it may be difficult to understand the changes.

[0028] The following describes a processing procedure executed by the information presentation device 10 to provide an information presentation service. Fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the processing procedure executed by the information presentation device 10. In Fig. 7, the processing procedure is described focusing on one user (hereinafter referred to as the "target user"), but the same processing procedure is also executed for each of the other users.

[0029] In step S101, the current bias estimation unit 12 determines whether the timing for updating the current bias strength for the target user has arrived. Updating the current bias strength refers to updating the value of the "current bias" stored in the user information storage unit 121. The first timing for this update is, for example, any timing between when the user information is registered and when the first information is presented. Furthermore, the current bias may change due to life events (various events that occur in life). Therefore, for example, the timing for updating the current bias strength may be set periodically.

[0030] When the timing for updating the current bias strength arrives (Yes in S101), the current bias estimation unit 12 estimates the current bias strength of the target user (S102). For example, the current bias strength can be estimated using the target user's responses to a questionnaire often used in economics, or data from a sensor or the like related to the target user (Reference 1).

[0031] For example, as shown in Display 1 of Reference 1, the questionnaire provides two pairs of time periods in the relatively near future and time periods in the relatively far future (e.g., "today or 7 days from now" and "90 days or 97 days from now"), and for each pair, the user is asked to select a time period in which to receive a benefit from a plurality of combinations in which the benefit to be received in the near future time period differs from the benefit to be received in the far future time period. The current bias estimation unit 12 may estimate the strength of the current bias of the target user by displaying a screen showing such a questionnaire on the user terminal 20 of the target user and having the target user input the number of times, etc., in response to the questions.

[0032] Alternatively, if the time from waking up to measuring weight is used as sensor data, the wake-up time and the weight measurement time may be included in the life log information. The current bias estimation unit 12 may estimate the strength of the current bias based on such sensor data.

[0033] Next, the current bias estimation unit 12 updates the value of the "current bias" stored in the user information storage unit 121 (FIG. 4) for the target user with the estimation result of the strength of the current bias (S103).

[0034] Meanwhile, the selection unit 13 waits for the timing to present information to the target user (S104). The timing to present information may be, for example, once a day or at shorter intervals. When the timing arrives (Yes in S104), the selection unit 13 determines whether the target user has a strong current bias based on the value of the “current bias” for the target user stored in the user information storage unit 121 ( FIG. 4 ) (S105).

[0035] If the target user has a strong present bias (Yes in S105), the selection unit 13 selects an index to be preferentially presented to the target user from among the multiple indexes constituting the life log information, based on a presentation rule stored in the presentation rule storage unit 123 (FIG. 6) for which the value of "present bias" corresponds to "strong," and also selects a portion of a period to be presented to the target user from a period including multiple timings when life log information related to the target user was recorded in the life log information storage unit 122 (S106). Specifically, in the example of FIG. 6, the selection unit 13 selects the period of the previous day and the current day as the period to be presented, and selects an index corresponding to a leading index from the life log information of the target user for that period as the index to be preferentially presented.

[0036] On the other hand, if the target user has a weak present bias (No in S105), the selection unit 13 selects an index to be preferentially presented to the target user from among the multiple indexes constituting the life log information, based on a presentation rule stored in the presentation rule storage unit 123 (FIG. 6) for which the value of "present bias" corresponds to "weak," and selects a portion of a period to be presented to the target user from a period including multiple timings when the life log information related to the target user was recorded in the life log information storage unit 122 (S107). Specifically, in the example of FIG. 6, the selection unit 13 selects the periods of the past one month, the current day, and one month from now as periods to be presented, and selects, as preferentially presented, indexes corresponding to lagging indexes from the life log information of the target user for the relevant periods.

[0037] Whether each indicator ( FIG. 5 ) constituting the life log information corresponds to a leading indicator or a lagging indicator may be incorporated into the selection unit 13 as logic, or correspondence information indicating whether each indicator corresponds to a leading indicator or a lagging indicator may be separately prepared, and the selection unit 13 may determine based on the correspondence information. Alternatively, the value of "Indicator" in the presentation rule storage unit 123 may be a list of the names of the indicators constituting the life log information, rather than "leading indicator" or "lagging indicator." In this embodiment, the number of steps, heart rate, sleep time, calories burned, and calories ingested correspond to leading indicators, and weight corresponds to a lagging indicator.

[0038] Following step S106 or S107, the output unit 14 acquires life log information corresponding to the period selected by the selection unit as the presentation target from among the life log information stored in the life log information storage unit 122 for the target user, and outputs (transmits) information based on the data of the indicators selected by the selection unit 13 to be preferentially presented to the target user from the acquired life log information to the user terminal 20 of the target user as the preferential presentation target for the target user (S108). Specifically, the output unit 14 generates presentation information (e.g., a screen) such that information based on data of leading indicators is preferentially displayed when the target user's present bias is strong, and generates presentation information such that information based on data of lagging indicators is preferentially displayed when the target user's present bias is weak. The output unit 14 transmits the generated presentation information to the user terminal 20. The user terminal 20 displays the presentation information. The target user can check the status of their own behavioral change by referring to the presentation information.

[0039] In addition, if the period selected for presentation includes a future period, the output unit 14 can calculate a predicted value of life log information for the future period using existing methods such as gradient boosting or LGBM.

[0040] For example, assume that a user with a user ID of "1" (hereinafter referred to as "user 1") is the target user. According to FIG. 4, user 1 has a strong present bias. Therefore, the first presentation rule of the presentation rules in FIG. 6 is adopted. Therefore, information based on data on leading indicators, which can provide immediate feedback on the results of current actions, is prioritized for presentation, rather than data on lagging indicators, which take time to appear. That is, information based on data on leading indicators, such as calorie intake and calorie expenditure, is presented in a way that makes it stand out, rather than data on lagging indicators, such as weight. In this case, future forecast information for the following day and beyond is not necessary, and information is presented in a way that makes past and current information easily recognizable. However, future forecast information may also be presented to users with a strong present bias (the presentation rule may be set accordingly). In this case, it is sufficient to present only a one-day forecast for the current day. For example, information may be presented in a way that makes today's calorie intake and calorie expenditure more visible than a forecast of calorie intake and calorie expenditure for the next week.

[0041] As described above, according to this embodiment, by utilizing the feature that the content of information presentation that is effective in promoting behavioral change differs depending on the strength of present bias and presenting different information according to the strength of present bias, it is possible to realize personalized information presentation tailored to the user. Therefore, it is possible to present information that is effective depending on the person. Furthermore, it is possible to induce changes in awareness and behavior through intrinsic motivation for people with strong present bias, and to promote long-term behavioral change.

[0042] Specifically, for people with a strong present bias, presenting information in a way that makes it easy to recognize leading indicators that provide immediate feedback on the results of taking action now, rather than lagging indicators that take time to appear, can increase the value of taking action now and encourage behavioral change that avoids procrastination. Also, presenting information in a way that makes it easy to recognize information from the past or the current day, rather than predictive information for the next day or later, makes it easier to determine how to act today, and can encourage behavioral change.

[0043] Furthermore, for people with a weak present bias, information should be presented in a way that prioritizes lagging indicators (for example, by including at least one lagging indicator). When presenting related information such as leading indicators, it is more effective to present it in a way that makes the relationship with lagging indicators and the final goal clear. Note that when presenting lagging indicators, forecast information may also be included. Presenting information about the medium to long term future, such as one month or one year from now, is also effective in encouraging behavioral change. Furthermore, for people with a weak present bias, presenting information in a way that includes forecast information about leading indicators is also effective in changing behavior. In this case, too, it is more effective to present it in a way that makes the relationship with lagging indicators and the final goal clear.

[0044] In the present embodiment, the life log information storage unit 122 is an example of a first storage unit, and the user information storage unit 121 is an example of a second storage unit.

[0045] [Reference 1] Yamamoto Shuhei, Tominaga Tomu, Kurashima Ken, "Estimating present bias using behavioral history", Proceedings of the National Conference of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, 2023, JSAI2023, Vol. 37 (2023), Session ID 3H1-GS-10-04, p. 3H1GS1004, Published 2023 / 07 / 10, Online ISSN 2758-7347, https: / / doi.org / 10.11517 / pjsai.JSAI2023.0_3H1GS1004 The above describes in detail the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to such specific embodiments, and various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the gist of the present invention described in the claims.

[0046] REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10 Information presentation device 11 Acquisition unit 12 Current bias estimation unit 13 Selection unit 14 Output unit 20 User terminal 100 Drive device 101 Recording medium 102 Auxiliary storage device 103 Memory device 104 Processor 105 Interface device 121 User information storage unit 122 Life log information storage unit 123 Presentation rule storage unit B Bus

Claims

1. An information presentation device comprising: an acquisition unit configured to acquire data on multiple indicators for a user to whom information is to be presented at multiple times and record the data in a first memory unit; a selection unit configured to select an indicator to be presented preferentially to the user from among the multiple indicators based on a rule corresponding to the strength of the current bias indicated by information stored in a second memory unit for the user, from among multiple rules set according to the strength of the current bias regarding the presentation of information; and an output unit configured to output information based on data on the indicator selected by the selection unit from the data stored in the first memory unit as a target for preferential presentation to the user.

2. The information presentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the plurality of indicators corresponds to either a leading indicator or a lagging indicator, and the selection unit is configured to select, based on the rule, an indicator that corresponds to a leading indicator or a lagging indicator as an indicator to be presented to the user with priority.

3. The information presentation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the selection unit is configured to select a portion of a period including the plurality of timings to be presented to the user based on the information in accordance with the rule, and the output unit is configured to output information based on data stored in the first memory unit regarding the portion of the period as information to be presented to the user.

4. An information presentation method comprising: an acquisition step of acquiring data on multiple indicators for a user to whom information is to be presented at multiple times and recording the data in a first memory unit; a selection step of selecting an indicator to be presented preferentially to the user from among the multiple indicators based on a rule corresponding to the strength of the current bias indicated by information stored in a second memory unit for the user, from among multiple rules set according to the strength of the current bias regarding the presentation of information; and an output step of outputting information based on the data of the indicator selected by the selection step from the data stored in the first memory unit as a target for preferential presentation to the user.

Images