Vehicular window glass

Abstract

This vehicular window glass comprises: a first glass plate (10) having a main surface (12); and a conductive layer (80) disposed on the main surface (12) side of the first glass plate (10). The conductive layer (80) includes a first region (81) in which a solid antenna pattern (84) is formed, and a second region (82) in which a mesh pattern (89) is formed that is divided into a plurality of meshes (88) by slits (85). Provided that the wavelength in the air of a radio wave transmitted or received by the antenna pattern (84) is λ, and the wavelength contraction rate is ｋ, a mesh interval of the mesh pattern (89) is 0.001 × k × λ to 0.03 × k × λ.

Description

Vehicle window glass

[0001] This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-111535, filed on July 11, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] Conventionally, a vehicle window glass has been known that includes a first glass plate having a main surface, a conductive layer arranged on the main surface side of the first glass plate, and an antenna arranged outside the conductive layer in a plan view of the first glass plate (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2024-004452 (A)

[0004] However, when the antenna is disposed outside the conductive layer, the area on the window glass where the antenna can be disposed may be narrowed depending on the size of the conductive layer, etc. In this case, the degree of freedom in designing the antenna's position and shape may be reduced, and the antenna gain may be reduced. Conversely, depending on the size of the antenna, the area of ​​the conductive layer may be reduced due to the antenna's placement, which may impair the conductive layer's ability to reflect infrared rays, etc.

[0005] The present disclosure provides a vehicle window glass that can suppress performance degradation of both the antenna and the conductive layer.

[0006] A vehicle window glass of a first aspect includes a first glass sheet having a main surface and a conductive layer disposed on the main surface side of the first glass sheet. The conductive layer includes a first region in which a solid antenna pattern is formed and a second region in which a mesh pattern divided into a plurality of meshes by slits is formed. When λ is the wavelength in air of a radio wave transmitted or received by the antenna pattern and k is the wavelength shortening factor, the mesh spacing of the mesh pattern is 0.001 × k × λ or more and 0.03 × k × λ or less.

[0007] A vehicle window glass of a second aspect is the vehicle window glass of the first aspect, wherein the mesh spacing may include a horizontal mesh spacing in a horizontal direction of the mesh pattern and a vertical mesh spacing in a vertical direction of the mesh pattern, and both the horizontal mesh spacing and the vertical mesh spacing may be 0.001×k×λ or more and 0.03×k×λ or less.

[0008] A vehicle window glass of a third aspect is the vehicle window glass of the first or second aspect, wherein the mesh spacing may include a horizontal mesh spacing in a horizontal direction of the mesh pattern and a vertical mesh spacing in a vertical direction of the mesh pattern. The vertical mesh spacing may be longer than the horizontal mesh spacing.

[0009] The vehicle window glass of a fourth aspect is the vehicle window glass of any one of the first to third aspects, wherein, when x is the horizontal mesh spacing and y is the vertical mesh spacing, y−x may be 0.03×k×λ or more.

[0010] A vehicle window glass of a fifth aspect is the vehicle window glass of any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the second region may be an electrically floating region.

[0011] A vehicle window glass of a sixth aspect is the vehicle window glass of any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein a slit width of the slit may be narrower than a pattern width of the antenna pattern.

[0012] A vehicle window glass of a seventh aspect is the vehicle window glass of the sixth aspect, wherein Sp is the slit width and Wa is the pattern width, and Sp may be 0.01 × Wa or more and 0.05 × Wa or less.

[0013] A vehicle window glass of an eighth aspect is the vehicle window glass of the sixth or seventh aspect, wherein the slit width may be 6 μm or more and 2000 μm or less.

[0014] A vehicle window glass of a ninth aspect is the vehicle window glass of any one of the first to eighth aspects, wherein the antenna pattern may have an element length of 0.12×k×λ or more and 0.30×k×λ or less.

[0015] A vehicle window glass of a tenth aspect is the vehicle window glass of any one of the first to ninth aspects, wherein the antenna pattern may receive AM broadcast waves, FM broadcast waves, DAB broadcast waves, or terrestrial digital television broadcast waves.

[0016] A vehicle window glass of an eleventh aspect is the vehicle window glass of any one of the first to tenth aspects, wherein the conductive layer may be provided on the main surface.

[0017] The vehicle window glass of a twelfth aspect is the vehicle window glass of any one of the first to tenth aspects, and may further include a dielectric on which the conductive layer is provided, and the dielectric may be arranged on the side of the main surface of the first glass plate.

[0018] The vehicle window glass of a thirteenth aspect may be the vehicle window glass of any one of the first to twelfth aspects, and may further comprise a dielectric plate arranged on the side of the main surface of the first glass plate, and an intermediate layer arranged between the main surface and the dielectric plate.

[0019] A vehicle window glass of a fourteenth aspect is the vehicle window glass of the thirteenth aspect, wherein the conductive layer may be arranged on the opposite side of the dielectric plate to the intermediate layer.

[0020] The vehicle window glass of the 15th aspect is the vehicle window glass of the 14th aspect, and may include a dielectric on which the conductive layer is provided, and the dielectric may be arranged on the opposite side of the dielectric plate from the intermediate layer.

[0021] A vehicle window glass of a sixteenth aspect is the vehicle window glass of the thirteenth aspect, wherein the conductive layer may be disposed between the first glass plate or the dielectric plate and the intermediate layer.

[0022] The vehicle window glass of the 17th aspect is the vehicle window glass of the 16th aspect, and may further include a dielectric on which the conductive layer is provided, and the dielectric may be arranged between the first glass plate or the dielectric plate and the intermediate layer.

[0023] The vehicle window glass of an eighteenth aspect is the vehicle window glass of any one of the thirteenth to seventeenth aspects, wherein the dielectric plate may be a second glass plate.

[0024] A vehicle window glass of a 19th aspect is the vehicle window glass of any one of the 1st to 18th aspects, wherein the conductive layer may include a low-emissivity film, an infrared reflective film, an ITO film, or a P-polarized light reflective film.

[0025] A vehicle window glass of a 20th aspect is a vehicle window glass of any one of the first to nineteenth aspects, wherein the conductive layer may include a third region different from the first region and the second region, and may be provided with a bus bar for applying a voltage to the third region.

[0026] The vehicle window glass of the 21st aspect is a vehicle window glass of any one of the 1st to 20th aspects, wherein the conductive layer may include a third region different from the first region and the second region, and the third region may be larger than the combined area of ​​the first region and the second region.

[0027] A vehicle window glass of a 22nd aspect is a vehicle window glass of any one of the 1st to 21st aspects, and when installed in a vehicle, the third region may be located below the first region and the second region.

[0028] A vehicle window glass of a 23rd aspect is a vehicle window glass of any one of the 1st to 21st aspects, and when installed in a vehicle, the third region may be located above the first region and the second region.

[0029] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to suppress degradation of the performance of both the antenna and the conductive layer.

[0030] 1 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a first example of a vehicle window glass according to a first embodiment; FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view showing an example of a conductive layer; FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view showing a first example of a second region divided into a plurality of meshes by slits; FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view showing a second example of a second region divided into a plurality of meshes by slits; FIG. 5 is an enlarged plan view showing a first example of a conductive layer including a first region and a second region in plan view; FIG. 6 is an enlarged plan view showing a second example of a conductive layer including a first region and a second region in plan view; FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a second example of a vehicle window glass according to the first embodiment; FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a first example of a vehicle window glass according to a second embodiment; FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a second example of a vehicle window glass according to the third embodiment; FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a first example of a vehicle window glass according to a fourth embodiment; FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a second example of a vehicle window glass according to the fourth embodiment; FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between antenna element length and antenna gain when the slit width is 0.1 mm. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between antenna element length and antenna gain when the slit width is 0.5 mm. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between antenna element length and antenna gain when the slit width is 1.0 mm. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between horizontal mesh spacing x, vertical mesh spacing y, and the total antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves when the slit width is 0.5 mm. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between horizontal mesh spacing x, vertical mesh spacing y, and the antenna gain of vertically polarized waves when the slit width is 0.5 mm. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between horizontal mesh spacing x, vertical mesh spacing y, and the antenna gain of vertically polarized waves when the slit width is 1.0 mm. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between slit width and antenna gain.

[0031] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that for ease of understanding, the scale of each part in the drawings may differ from the actual scale. Directions such as parallel, right angle, orthogonal, horizontal, vertical, up, down, left, and right, as well as terms such as identical and equal, are allowed to be deviated to the extent that they do not impair the functions and effects of the embodiments. The shape of corners is not limited to right angles and may be rounded in an arched shape. Overlapping may include the meaning of partial overlapping. Transparent may include translucency.

[0032] The X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions represent directions parallel to the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis, respectively. The X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions are perpendicular to one another. The XY plane, YZ plane, and ZX plane represent imaginary planes parallel to the X-axis and Y-axis directions, imaginary planes parallel to the Y-axis and Z-axis directions, and imaginary planes parallel to the Z-axis and X-axis directions, respectively.

[0033] Examples of vehicle window glass to which the present embodiment is applicable include rear glass attached to the rear of a vehicle, windshield attached to the front of a vehicle, side glass attached to the side of a vehicle, roof glass attached to the ceiling of a vehicle, etc. Vehicle window glass is not limited to these examples, and may be, for example, a window glass in which the roof glass is integrated with one or both of the windshield and rear glass.

[0034] Fig. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a first example of a vehicle window glass according to a first embodiment. Fig. 1 partially shows, in cross section, a window glass 101 attached to a metal body 91 of a vehicle 90. The X-axis direction is parallel to the horizontal plane, the positive side of the Z-axis direction is the exterior side of the vehicle, and the negative side of the Z-axis direction is the interior side of the vehicle.

[0035] The metal body 91 is an example of a metal part of a vehicle and is a conductive part that can be regarded as a ground reference. The metal body 91 is, for example, a window frame (flange) to which a window glass 101 is attached using an adhesive 94 containing a urethane resin or the like. The window glass 101 is attached to the metal body 91 so as to cover an opening 92 formed in the metal body 91. The metal body 91 has a metal edge 93 that forms the opening 92. The metal edge 93 is an edge formed on the metal body 91.

[0036] The window glass 101 is an example of a window glass for a vehicle. The window glass 101 is a single-pane window glass that mainly comprises a glass plate 10 and a conductive layer 80. A single-pane window glass refers to a window glass that is composed of only one glass plate (in this example, the glass plate 10).

[0037] The thickness of the glass plate 10 in the Z-axis direction in the single plate is not particularly limited, but can be appropriately selected from the range of 0.5 mm to 10 mm. The thickness of the glass plate 10 is preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 0.7 mm or more, even more preferably 1.1 mm or more, and particularly preferably 1.6 mm or more. To prevent the mass from becoming too large, the thickness of the glass plate 10 is preferably 7 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or less, and even more preferably 4 mm or less.

[0038] In the case of laminated glass further including a glass plate 20 (described later), the thickness of the glass plate 10 in the Z-axis direction is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from the range of 0.1 mm to 10 mm. The thickness of the glass plate 10 is preferably 0.3 mm or more, more preferably 0.5 mm or more, even more preferably 0.7 mm or more, particularly preferably 1.1 mm or more, and most preferably 1.6 mm or more. To prevent the mass of the laminated glass from becoming too large, the thickness of the glass plate 10 is preferably 3.0 mm or less, more preferably 2.6 mm or less, and even more preferably 2.1 mm or less. The thickness of the glass plate 10 may be the same as or different from the thickness of the glass plate 20.

[0039] The glass plate 10 is attached to the metal body 91 so as to cover an opening 92 formed in the metal body 91. The glass plate 10 is a plate-shaped dielectric having a main surface 11 facing the negative side in the Z-axis direction and a main surface 12 facing the opposite side of the main surface 11 in the Z-axis direction (the positive side in the Z-axis direction). The glass plate 10 is a transparent dielectric plate that transmits visible light. The main surface 11 is the surface facing the inside of the vehicle, and the main surface 12 is the surface facing the outside of the vehicle. The glass plate 10 is an example of a first glass plate having a main surface. The main surface 11 is an example of a first main surface. The main surface 12 is an example of a second main surface.

[0040] The conductive layer 80 is a planar conductor disposed on the principal surface 11 of the glass plate 10 and is provided on the principal surface 11. The conductive layer 80 may be a conductor in contact with the principal surface 11, or may be a conductor disposed between the principal surface 11 and the conductive layer 80 and a transparent dielectric (not shown) sandwiched between the conductive layer 80 and the principal surface 11. The conductive layer 80 is a transparent layer that transmits visible light. Specific examples of the conductive layer 80 include a metal film such as an Ag (silver) film, a metal oxide film such as an ITO (indium tin oxide) film, a resin film containing conductive particles, and a laminate of multiple types of films. The metal film is used, for example, as an infrared reflective film. The conductive layer 80 may be a resin film such as polyethylene terephthalate coated by vapor deposition or the like. The conductive layer 80 may be a film formed into a mesh shape by conductive ink or etching.

[0041] The conductive layer 80 may be a conductive film coated on the main surface 11 of the glass plate 10. A specific example of the conductive film is a low-emissivity film such as a Low-E (Low Emissivity) film that exhibits low radiation performance.

[0042] Low emissivity refers to reducing heat transfer due to radiation. Low emissivity films such as Low-E films ensure thermal insulation by suppressing heat transfer due to radiation. The low emissivity film may be a general film, for example, a laminated film including a transparent dielectric film, an infrared reflective film, and a transparent dielectric film in this order. Typical transparent dielectric films are metal oxides and metal nitrides. Typical metal oxides are zinc oxide and tin oxide. Typical infrared reflective films are metal films. Typical metal films are silver (Ag). Here, one or more infrared reflective films may be formed between the transparent dielectric films.

[0043] The conductive layer 80 is not limited to a low-emissivity film such as a Low-E film, and may have other functions as long as it is a conductive layer. For example, the conductive layer 80 may have a function of preventing icing or fogging of window glass by generating heat when a voltage is applied.

[0044] The conductive layer 80 may be a conductive film included in a light control film that can actively change the visible light transmittance of the window glass 101 by applying an AC voltage. The light control film has, for example, a molecular layer (not shown) with optical anisotropy between a pair of opposing resin substrates (not shown). Each of the resin substrates has a conductive film (not shown) on its main surface and an electrode (not shown) electrically connected to the conductive film. The light control film can be driven by applying a voltage between the pair of conductive films via the electrodes.

[0045] The resin substrate is made of, for example, a transparent resin. The resin substrate may have, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), or cycloolefin polymer (COP). Furthermore, a pair of opposing resin substrates may be made of, for example, a combination of the above-mentioned resins. The thickness of the resin substrate is, for example, in the range of 5 μm to 500 μm, preferably in the range of 10 μm to 200 μm, more preferably in the range of 20 μm to 180 μm, and even more preferably in the range of 50 μm to 150 μm.

[0046] The conductive film may include, for example, a transparent conductive oxide, a transparent conductive polymer, a laminated film of a metal layer and a dielectric layer, silver nanowires, a silver or copper metal mesh, etc. The thickness of the conductive film may be, for example, in the range of 5 nm to 2 μm.

[0047] Examples of molecules having optical anisotropy include liquid crystals. That is, for example, a liquid crystal layer may be used as a molecular layer having optical anisotropy. Examples of the liquid crystal layer include polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC), and guest-host liquid crystal. Alternatively, iodine or the like may be used as a molecule having optical anisotropy. The light control film may have a suspended particle device (SPD) including such a molecular layer. Alternatively, an electrochromic film, a photochromic film, or the like may be used.

[0048] The conductive layer 80 may be a P-polarized reflective film that reflects P-polarized visible light, the electric field of which is parallel to the plane of incidence, toward the interior of the vehicle. The P-polarized reflective film is, for example, a P-polarized reflective coating applied to the main surface 11. The P-polarized reflective film may be a P-polarized reflective film having an adhesive layer sandwiched between the P-polarized reflective film and the main surface 11. The P-polarized reflective film is adhered to the main surface 11 by the adhesive layer.

[0049] The conductive layer 80 includes an antenna pattern that transmits or receives radio waves A through the glass plate 10 .

[0050] 2 is an enlarged plan view showing an example of a conductive layer 80. Fig. 2 partially shows a conductive layer 80 and a metal body 91 in a plan view. The conductive layer 80 includes an antenna region (first region 81) in which a solid antenna pattern 84 is formed, and a mesh region (second region 82) in which a mesh pattern 89 divided into multiple meshes 88 by slits 85 is formed.

[0051] The first region 81 includes a solid antenna pattern 84. The antenna pattern 84 is an antenna element provided in the first region 81 of the conductive layer 80. The antenna pattern 84 is located inside the metal edge 93 of the metal body 91 so as not to overlap with the metal edge 93 in a plan view of the glass plate 10.

[0052] The antenna pattern 84 is a solid conductor portion that is part of the conductive layer 80. The antenna pattern 84 is a solid conductor portion that remains in the first region 81, which is part of the conductive layer 80, as a result of the second region 82 around the first region 81 being divided by the slit 85.

[0053] The antenna pattern 84 transmits or receives radio waves in a predetermined frequency band W. The shape and dimensions of the antenna pattern 84 are not limited to those shown in the figure, as long as it is formed to transmit or receive radio waves in the desired frequency band W. For example, the antenna pattern 84 is not limited to a linear element extending linearly from the electrode 30 to the open end, but may be an element including a bent portion, such as a meander-shaped portion, or an element including a branched portion from the electrode 30 to the open end.

[0054] The frequency band W may be, for example, the UHF (Ultra High Frequency) band with frequencies from 300 MHz to 3 GHz, the VHF (Very High Frequency) band with frequencies from 30 MHz to 300 MHz, or a band spanning both. Specific examples of frequency bands included in the UHF band include the band of terrestrial digital television broadcast waves (e.g., 470 MHz to 710 MHz). Specific examples of frequency bands included in the VHF band include the band of FM broadcast waves (e.g., 76 MHz to 108 MHz) and the band of DAB broadcast waves (e.g., Band III band 174 MHz to 240 MHz).

[0055] The frequency band W may be a medium frequency (MF) band of 300 kHz to 3 MHz, a high frequency (HF) band of 3 MHz to 30 MHz, or a band spanning both. A specific example of a frequency band included in the MF band is the AM broadcast wave band.

[0056] The antenna pattern 84 is electrically connected to an electrode 30 provided on the window glass 101. The electrode 30 is a power supply unit for supplying power to the antenna pattern 84. The electrode 30 is electrically connected to the antenna pattern 84 so that power can be supplied to the antenna pattern 84. Examples of a coupling method between the electrode 30 and the antenna pattern 84 include direct coupling, capacitive coupling, and electromagnetic field coupling.

[0057] The second region 82 includes a mesh pattern 89 divided into a plurality of meshes 88 by slits 85. The second region 82 is a region that does not overlap with the first region 81 in a plan view. The second region 82 may or may not be in contact with the first region 81. The second region 82, for example, surrounds a part of or the entire periphery of the first region 81.

[0058] The second region 82 includes slits 85 that form a plurality of meshes 88. In other words, the second region 82 includes a plurality of meshes 88 that are defined by the slits 85.

[0059] The slits 85 are grooves in which no conductor is present, for example, by removing the conductive layer 80. The slits 85 may be formed by irradiating the conductive layer 80 with a laser to remove the conductive layer 80, or may be formed by masking or the like when forming the conductive layer 80.

[0060] The mesh 88 is a solid conductor portion that is part of the conductive layer 80. The mesh 88 is a solid conductor portion that remains in the second region 82 when the second region 82 is divided by the slits 85, i.e., an island-shaped conductor portion.

[0061] 2 , the slits 85 are lattice-shaped slits including a plurality of horizontal slits 87 extending along the X-axis direction (horizontal direction) and a plurality of vertical slits 86 extending along the Y-axis direction (vertical direction). The horizontal slits 87 and the vertical slits 86 intersect to form a plurality of meshes 88 in the second region 82. Each mesh 88 is separated from one or more surrounding meshes 88 by the horizontal slits 87 or the vertical slits 86.

[0062] A plurality of meshes 88 each having a square or rectangular shape are formed by a plurality of horizontal slits 87 that are parallel to one another and a plurality of vertical slits 86 that are parallel to one another intersecting at right angles in a cross shape. The intersection shape is not limited to a right angle, and may be an intersection at an angle other than a right angle, or may be a T-shaped intersection. For example, a plurality of horizontal slits 87 that are parallel to one another and a plurality of vertical slits 86 that are parallel to one another intersecting at an angle other than a right angle form a plurality of meshes 88 each having a parallelepiped shape.

[0063] The shape of each mesh 88 is not limited to a quadrangle, but may be other shapes such as a triangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, a circle, etc. The shape of each mesh 88 is not limited to a square, but may be other shapes such as a rectangle, a rhombus, a parallelogram, etc. The shapes of each mesh 88 may be the same or different.

[0064] In the window glass 101 according to the first embodiment, λ is the wavelength in air of the radio waves transmitted or received by the antenna pattern 84, and k is the wavelength shortening rate due to the window glass 101. In this case, if the mesh spacing D of the mesh pattern 89 is greater than or equal to 0.001×k×λ and less than or equal to 0.03×k×λ, the second region 82 can be divided into a plurality of meshes 88 of a size that hardly affects the antenna gain of the antenna pattern 84. Furthermore, by dividing the second region 82 by the slits 85, the conductor portion (i.e., the plurality of meshes 88) that realizes the function of the conductive layer 80 remains in the second region 82. Therefore, a decrease in the antenna gain of the antenna pattern 84 is suppressed, and the degree of impairment of the function of the conductive layer 80 (e.g., thermal insulation, infrared reflection, polarization, etc.) is mitigated. Thus, according to the first embodiment, degradation of the performance of both the antenna pattern 84 and the conductive layer 80 can be suppressed.

[0065] The lower limit of the mesh spacing D is more preferably 0.002×k×λ, and even more preferably 0.003×k×λ, in order to suppress deterioration in the performance of both the antenna pattern 84 and the conductive layer 80. The upper limit of the mesh spacing D is more preferably 0.025×k×λ, and even more preferably 0.02×k×λ, in order to suppress deterioration in the performance of both the antenna pattern 84 and the conductive layer 80.

[0066] When the antenna pattern 84 is disposed on the outermost surface of a single plate or laminated glass, the wavelength shortening rate k is about 0.60 to 0.70, depending on the composition of the glass plate. When the antenna pattern 84 is enclosed between laminated glasses (described later), the wavelength shortening rate k is about 0.36 to 0.49, depending on the composition of the glass plate.

[0067] The mesh spacing D is defined, for example, as the pitch between adjacent meshes 88 or the distance between the centers of gravity of adjacent meshes 88. The mesh spacing D may also be defined as the pitch between adjacent slits 85 or the distance between the centers of gravity of adjacent slits 85.

[0068] 2 , the mesh spacing D includes a horizontal mesh spacing x in the horizontal direction of the mesh pattern 89 and a vertical mesh spacing y in the vertical direction of the mesh pattern 89. When both the horizontal mesh spacing x and the vertical mesh spacing y are equal to or greater than 0.001×k×λ and equal to or less than 0.03×k×λ, the effect of suppressing performance degradation of both the antenna pattern 84 and the conductive layer 80 is enhanced. However, in terms of suppressing performance degradation of both the antenna pattern 84 and the conductive layer 80, only one of the horizontal mesh spacing x and the vertical mesh spacing y may be equal to or greater than 0.001×k×λ and equal to or less than 0.03×k×λ.

[0069] The lower limit of the vertical mesh spacing y or the horizontal mesh spacing x is more preferably 0.002×k×λ, and even more preferably 0.003×k×λ, in order to suppress a decrease in performance of both the antenna pattern 84 and the conductive layer 80. The upper limit of the vertical mesh spacing y or the horizontal mesh spacing x is more preferably 0.025×k×λ, and even more preferably 0.02×k×λ, in order to suppress a decrease in performance of both the antenna pattern 84 and the conductive layer 80.

[0070] When the X-axis direction is parallel to the horizontal plane, if the vertical mesh spacing y is longer than the horizontal mesh spacing x, the antenna gain of the antenna pattern 84 (particularly the antenna gain of vertically polarized waves) is improved compared to when the vertical mesh spacing y is shorter than the horizontal mesh spacing x. However, as long as the antenna gain of the antenna pattern 84 exceeds a desired value, the vertical mesh spacing y may be the same as the horizontal mesh spacing x or may be shorter than the horizontal mesh spacing x.

[0071] When the X-axis direction is parallel to the horizontal plane, if y-x is 0.03×k×λ or greater, the antenna gain (particularly the antenna gain of vertically polarized waves) of the antenna pattern 84 is improved. In terms of improving the antenna gain (particularly the antenna gain of vertically polarized waves) of the antenna pattern 84, y-x is more preferably 0.02×k×λ or greater, and even more preferably 0.01×k×λ or greater.

[0072] The upper limit of y-x is not particularly limited as long as the number of meshes 88 arranged in the Y-axis direction is secured to a certain extent. Note that the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the antenna element (antenna pattern 84) is defined as x, and the longitudinal direction of the antenna element (antenna pattern 84) is defined as y.

[0073] The second region 82 in which the mesh pattern 89 is formed is a region that is electrically floating from the metal body 91 due to the slits 85 in the frequency band W. When the second region 82 is a region that is electrically floating from the metal body 91 in the frequency band W, the electric field strength around the first region 81 increases, and therefore the antenna gain of the antenna pattern 84 in the frequency band W improves.

[0074] The slit width Sp of the slit 85 is narrower than the pattern width Wa of the antenna pattern 84. The slit 85 is, for example, a long, thin cutout that is sufficiently narrower than the pattern width Wa. By making the slit width Sp narrower than the pattern width Wa, the second region 82 can be divided into a plurality of meshes 88 of a size that has almost no effect on the antenna gain of the antenna pattern 84.

[0075] The slit width Sp is preferably 0.01 × Wa or more and 0.20 × Wa or less, in that it allows the second region 82 to be divided into a plurality of meshes 88 of a size that hardly affects the antenna gain of the antenna pattern 84. The upper limit of the slit width Sp is more preferably 0.15 × Wa, and even more preferably 0.05 × Wa, in that it allows the second region 82 to be divided into a plurality of meshes 88 of a size that hardly affects the antenna gain of the antenna pattern 84. The lower limit of the slit width Sp is more preferably 0.03 × Wa, and even more preferably 0.05 × Wa, in that it makes it easier to form the slits 85.

[0076] The slit width Sp may be 6 μm or more and 2000 μm or less in view of the fact that the second region 82 can be divided into a plurality of meshes 88 of a size that hardly affects the antenna gain of the antenna pattern 84. The upper limit of the slit width Sp is more preferably 1500 μm, and even more preferably 1000 μm, in view of the fact that the second region 82 can be divided into a plurality of meshes 88 of a size that hardly affects the antenna gain of the antenna pattern 84. The lower limit of the slit width Sp is more preferably 10 μm, and even more preferably 50 μm, in view of the fact that the slits 85 can be easily formed.

[0077] When the sheet resistance of the conductive layer 80 (particularly the first region 81) is 50 ohms per square (Ω / □) or less, the antenna gain in the frequency band W of the antenna pattern 84 is improved. In terms of improving the antenna gain in the frequency band W of the antenna pattern 84, the sheet resistance of the conductive layer 80 (particularly the first region 81) is preferably 10 ohms per square (Ω / □) or less. The lower limit of the sheet resistance of the conductive layer 80 (particularly the first region 81) may be 0 mΩ / □ or more or 1 mΩ / □ or more.

[0078] When the antenna pattern 84 has an element length La of 0.12×k×λ or more and 0.30×k×λ or less, the antenna gain in the frequency band W of the antenna pattern 84 is improved. In terms of improving the antenna gain in the frequency band W of the antenna pattern 84, the upper limit of the element length La is more preferably 0.29×k×λ, and even more preferably 0.28×k×λ. In terms of improving the antenna gain in the frequency band W of the antenna pattern 84, the lower limit of the element length La is more preferably 0.13×k×λ, and even more preferably 0.14×k×λ.

[0079] The element length La represents the path length from the electrode 30 to which one end of the antenna pattern 84 is connected to the other end (open end) of the antenna pattern 84 .

[0080] When the antenna pattern 84 has a pattern width Wa of, for example, 10 mm or more and 20 mm or less, the antenna gain in the frequency band W of the antenna pattern 84 is improved.

[0081] 3A is an enlarged plan view showing a first example of a second region 82 divided into a plurality of meshes by slits, in which a plurality of horizontal slits 87 extending parallel to the X-axis direction (horizontal direction) and a plurality of vertical slits 86 extending parallel to the Y-axis direction (vertical direction) intersect at right angles in a cross shape to divide the second region 82 into a plurality of square meshes 88.

[0082] 3B is an enlarged plan view showing a second example of a second region 82 divided into a plurality of meshes by slits. Fig. 3B illustrates a second region 82 divided into a plurality of regular hexagonal meshes 88 by a plurality of horizontal slits 87 extending along the X-axis direction (horizontal direction) and a plurality of vertical slits 86 extending along the Y-axis direction (vertical direction), which intersect at an angle other than a right angle. In this manner, the plurality of horizontal slits 87 may extend macroscopically as a whole along the X-axis direction (horizontal direction), and the plurality of vertical slits 86 may extend macroscopically as a whole along the Y-axis direction (vertical direction).

[0083] In Figures 3A and 3B, the horizontal mesh spacing x may be a length equivalent to the sum of the maximum outer dimension of one mesh 88 in the X-axis direction and the slit width Sp, and the vertical mesh spacing y may be a length equivalent to the sum of the maximum outer dimension of one mesh 88 in the Y-axis direction and the slit width Sp.

[0084] Fig. 4 is an enlarged plan view of a first example of a conductive layer including a first region and a second region. Fig. 4 illustrates a case where the first region 81 and the second region 82 are in contact with each other. Fig. 5 is an enlarged plan view of a second example of a conductive layer including the first region and the second region. Fig. 5 illustrates a case where the first region 81 and the second region 82 are not in contact with each other.

[0085] 5, a gap 85a wider than the slit width Sp exists between the first region 81 and the second region 82. If the width of the gap 85a is narrower than the pattern width Wa and wider than the slit width Sp as shown in Fig. 5, the area of ​​the conductive layer 80 is ensured and the degree to which the function of the conductive layer 80 is impaired is reduced. However, as long as the function of the conductive layer 80 meets the required standards, the width of the gap 85a may be the same as or wider than the pattern width Wa.

[0086] 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a second example of a vehicle window glass according to the first embodiment. In the second example of the first embodiment, the same configuration, operation, and effects as those of the first example of the first embodiment will not be described by citing the above description. The window glass 101A shown in FIG. 6 differs from the window glass 101 in that it further includes a dielectric 70 on which a conductive layer 80 is provided.

[0087] The dielectric 70 is a planar dielectric disposed on the main surface 11 side of the glass plate 10. The dielectric 70 is provided on the main surface 11 with the conductive layer 80 sandwiched between the dielectric 70 and the main surface 11. The positional relationship between the dielectric 70 and the conductive layer 80 in the Z-axis direction may be reversed.

[0088] The dielectric 70 is, for example, a sheet-shaped, foil-shaped, or plate-shaped dielectric. The dielectric 70 is transparent, but may also be opaque. An example of the dielectric 70 is a resin substrate containing a resin as a main component. The resin substrate may contain, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), or cycloolefin polymer (COP).

[0089] 7 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a first example of a vehicle window glass according to the second embodiment. In the second embodiment, the same configurations, functions, and effects as those of the above-described embodiments will not be described again by citing the above descriptions. The window glass 102 shown in FIG. 7 differs from the window glass 101 in that it is a laminated glass including a glass plate 20 and an interlayer film 40.

[0090] The conductive layer 80 is disposed on the side of the glass plate 20 opposite to the interlayer film 40 side.

[0091] The glass plate 20 is an example of a dielectric plate arranged on the main surface 11 side of the glass plate 10. The glass plate 20 is a second glass plate arranged on the side of the interlayer film 40 opposite to the glass plate 10 side.

[0092] The interlayer 40 is an intermediate layer disposed between the main surface 11 and the glass plate 20. The glass plate 10 and the glass plate 20 are bonded together by the interlayer 40. Examples of the interlayer 40 include thermoplastic polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). The relative dielectric constant of the interlayer 40, which is a dielectric, is preferably 2.4 or more and 3.5 or less.

[0093] The window glass 102 is a laminated glass in which a glass plate 10 and a glass plate 20 are joined together, but it does not have to be laminated glass. For example, the glass plate 20 may be replaced with a dielectric plate containing a dielectric material other than glass as a main component. Examples of such dielectric plates include a printed circuit board and a dielectric sheet.

[0094] Figure 8 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a second example of a vehicle window glass according to the second embodiment. In the second example of the second embodiment, the same configuration, action, and effects as those of the first example of the second embodiment will not be described by citing the above description. The window glass 102A shown in Figure 8 differs from the window glass 102 described above in that it further includes a dielectric 70 on which a conductive layer 80 is provided. The description of the dielectric 70 in the window glass 102A will not be described by citing the description of the dielectric 70 in the window glass 101A described above.

[0095] 9 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a first example of a vehicle window glass according to the third embodiment. In the third embodiment, the same configurations, functions, and effects as those of the above-described embodiments will not be described again by citing the above descriptions. The window glass 103 shown in FIG. 9 differs from the window glass 102 in that a conductive layer 80 is disposed between the glass sheet 10 and the interlayer film 40.

[0096] Figure 10 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a second example of a vehicle window glass according to the third embodiment. In the second example of the third embodiment, the same configuration, action, and effects as those of the first example of the third embodiment will not be described by citing the above description. The window glass 103A shown in Figure 10 differs from the window glass 103 described above in that a dielectric 70 is disposed between the glass sheet 10 and the interlayer film 40. The description of the dielectric 70 in the window glass 103A will not be described by citing the description of the dielectric 70 in the window glass 101A described above.

[0097] Fig. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a first example of a vehicle window glass according to the fourth embodiment. In the fourth embodiment, the description of the same configuration, action, and effect as those of the above-described embodiments will be omitted by referencing the above description. The window glass 104 shown in Fig. 11 differs from the above-described window glass 102 in that a conductive layer 80 is disposed between the glass sheet 20 and the interlayer film 40.

[0098] Figure 12 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a second example of a vehicle window glass according to the fourth embodiment. In the second example of the fourth embodiment, the same configuration, action, and effects as those of the first example of the fourth embodiment will not be described by citing the above description. The window glass 104A shown in Figure 12 differs from the window glass 104 described above in that a dielectric 70 is disposed between the glass sheet 20 and the interlayer film 40. The description of the dielectric 70 in the window glass 104A will not be described by citing the description of the dielectric 70 in the window glass 101A described above.

[0099] In the third embodiment (FIGS. 9 and 10) or the fourth embodiment (FIGS. 11 and 12), the conductive layer 80 may be disposed between a plurality of intermediate films.

[0100] Next, a more specific example of the configuration of the vehicle window glass according to the present disclosure will be described.

[0101] Fig. 13 is an exploded perspective view showing a specific configuration example of a vehicle window glass. Fig. 13 shows a specific configuration example of the window glass 104 in Fig. 11. In Fig. 13, the positive side in the Z-axis direction represents the vehicle exterior side, and the negative side in the Z-axis direction represents the vehicle interior side. The window glass 100 has a laminated glass structure in which a glass sheet 10 arranged on the vehicle exterior side and a glass sheet 20 arranged on the vehicle interior side are bonded together via an interlayer film 40. Fig. 13 shows the components of the window glass 100 separated in the normal direction to the surface of the glass sheet 10 or the glass sheet 20.

[0102] The glass plate 10 has a main surface 11 and a main surface 12. The main surface 11 represents the surface facing the inside of the vehicle, and the main surface 12 represents the surface facing the outside of the vehicle. The main surface 12 corresponds to the outer surface of the laminated glass facing the outside of the vehicle.

[0103] The glass sheet 20 has a main surface 21 and a main surface 22. The main surface 21 represents the surface facing the exterior side of the vehicle, and the main surface 22 represents the surface facing the interior side of the vehicle. The main surface 22 corresponds to the exterior surface facing the interior side of the laminated glass.

[0104] The internal electrodes 31, 34, 36 are conductors provided between the main surface 11 and the main surface 21. The external electrodes 32, 33, 35 are conductors provided on the main surface 22 side of the glass plate 20 so that the glass plate 20, which is a dielectric, is sandwiched between the internal electrodes 31, 34, 36.

[0105] The conductive layer 80 includes a first region 81 in which a solid antenna pattern is formed, and a second region 82 in which a mesh pattern divided into a plurality of meshes by slits is formed. Fig. 13 shows antenna patterns 71, 72, and 73 as examples of the solid antenna pattern formed in the first region 81. The antenna patterns 71, 72, and 73 are specific examples of the antenna pattern 84 described above.

[0106] The antenna pattern 71 is formed to be suitable for receiving radio waves in the MF band, which includes the frequency band of AM broadcast waves. The antenna pattern 71 may be formed as a common antenna element that receives radio waves in both the MF band and the HF band. The antenna pattern 71 is not limited to the form shown in FIG. 13 as long as it is formed to receive at least radio waves in the frequency band of AM broadcast waves (e.g., 500 kHz to 1800 kHz).

[0107] The antenna patterns 72 and 73 are each configured to receive radio waves in a frequency band higher than the HF band. Examples of radio waves in a frequency band higher than the HF band include terrestrial digital television broadcast waves, DAB broadcast waves, and FM broadcast waves. The antenna patterns 72 and 73 are not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 13 as long as they are configured to receive at least radio waves in a frequency band higher than the HF band.

[0108] At least a portion of the internal electrode 31 to which the antenna pattern 71 is electrically connected faces the external electrode 32 across the glass plate 20. A first input port of the amplifier 60 is connected to the external electrode 32. A signal received by the antenna pattern 71 is input to the first input port of the amplifier 60 via capacitive coupling between the internal electrode 31 and the external electrode 32.

[0109] At least a portion of the internal electrode 34, to which the antenna pattern 72 is electrically connected, faces the external electrode 33 across the glass plate 20. A second input port of the amplifier 60 is connected to the external electrode 33. A signal received by the antenna pattern 72 is input to the second input port of the amplifier 60 via capacitive coupling between the internal electrode 34 and the external electrode 33.

[0110] At least a portion of the internal electrode 36 to which the antenna pattern 73 is electrically connected faces the external electrode 35 across the glass plate 20. An input portion of an amplifier 61 is connected to the external electrode 35. A signal received by the antenna pattern 73 is input to the input portion of the amplifier 61 via capacitive coupling between the internal electrode 36 and the external electrode 35.

[0111] The conductive layer 80 includes a third region 83 that is different from the first region 81 and the second region 82. The third region 83 is a region that does not overlap with the first region 81 and the second region 82 in a plan view. The third region 83 may or may not be in contact with the second region 82.

[0112] The window glass 101 includes bus bars 51 and 52 for applying a voltage to the third region 83. The third region 83 functions as a heater that heats the window glass 100 by applying a DC voltage between the pair of bus bars 51 and 52, thereby melting snow, ice, or defogging the window glass 100. The bus bar 51 is connected to the negative electrode of a DC power supply via a flat wire 53, and the bus bar 52 is connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply via a flat wire 54.

[0113] The third region 83 may function as a conductive heat ray reflective film that reflects infrared rays coming from outside the vehicle, but the function of the third region 83 is not limited thereto.

[0114] The conductive layer 80 includes not only the first region 81 and the second region 82 but also the third region 83, so that multiple functions can be realized by the common conductive layer 80. The third region 83 may have the same function as or a different function from the second region 82. If the third region 83 has the same function as the second region 82, the function of the second region 82 can be extended to the third region 83.

[0115] 13 , the third region 83 is larger than the combined area of ​​the first region 81 and the second region 82. This can expand the clear field of view through the third region 83 of the conductive layer 80. When the window glass 100 is installed in a vehicle, the third region 83 is located, for example, below or above the first region 81 and the second region 82. This enhances the effect of expanding the clear field of view through the third region 83 of the conductive layer 80.

[0116] The glass plate 10 may include a light-shielding layer 13 that blocks visible light. The light-shielding layer 13 has portions that overlap with at least a portion of the internal electrodes 31, 34, 36, the external electrodes 32, 33, 35, the antenna patterns 71, 72, 73, and the bus bars 51, 52 in a plan view of the glass plate 10. In this case, when the window glass 100 is viewed from outside the vehicle, the overlapping portions are difficult to see due to the light-shielding layer 13, thereby improving the design of the window glass 100 and the vehicle. A specific example of the light-shielding layer 13 is ceramics such as a black ceramic film.

[0117] Next, the results of a simulation of the vehicle window glass according to this embodiment will be described.

[0118] Fig. 14 shows an example of the relationship between antenna element length and antenna gain for a window glass that has no conductive layer other than the antenna pattern. Fig. 14 shows an example of a simulation result for a window glass (comparative example) in which the mesh pattern 89 is removed from the window glass 101 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and the antenna pattern 84 remains. On the other hand, Figs. 15, 16, and 17 show an example of the relationship between antenna element length and antenna gain when the slit width Sp is 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, and 1.0 mm. Figs. 15, 16, and 17 show an example of a simulation result for the window glass 101 (embodiment) shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

[0119] In Figures 14, 15, 16, and 17, "H" means the antenna gain of "horizontal polarization," "V" means the antenna gain of "vertical polarization," and "ABS" means the total antenna gain of "horizontal polarization" and "vertical polarization."

[0120] The conditions for the dimensions of each part during the simulation in Figures 14, 15, 16, and 17 are as follows: Outer edge of metal body 91: 1000 mm long x 1000 mm wide Inner edge of metal body 91 (metal edge 93): 300 mm long x 300 mm wide Metal body 91: perfect conductor Thickness of metal body 91: 0.1 mm Glass plate 10: 1000 mm long x 1000 mm wide Thickness of glass plate 10: 3 mm Pattern width Wa of antenna pattern 84: 10 mm Element length La of antenna pattern 84: variable Horizontal mesh spacing x: 5 mm Vertical mesh spacing y: 5 mm Frequency of radio wave A: 205 MHz.

[0121] 15, 16, and 17, in which the mesh pattern 89 is present, achieve a maximum antenna gain equivalent to that of the comparative example in Fig. 14, in which the mesh pattern 89 is not present. In the examples of Figs. 15, 16, and 17, the antenna gain of the antenna pattern 84 is maximized when the element length La of the antenna pattern 84 is 220 mm. When the frequency of the radio wave A is 205 MHz and the wavelength shortening rate k is 0.64, La = 220 mm satisfies the above-mentioned condition range "0.12 × k × λ or more and 0.30 × k × λ or less" for improving the antenna gain.

[0122] Fig. 18 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between horizontal mesh spacing x, vertical mesh spacing y, and the total antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves when the slit width Sp is 0.5 mm. Fig. 19 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between horizontal mesh spacing x, vertical mesh spacing y, and the antenna gain of vertically polarized waves when the slit width Sp is 0.5 mm. Fig. 20 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between horizontal mesh spacing x, vertical mesh spacing y, and the total antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves when the slit width Sp is 1.0 mm. Fig. 21 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between horizontal mesh spacing x, vertical mesh spacing y, and the antenna gain of vertically polarized waves when the slit width Sp is 1.0 mm.

[0123] 18, 19, 20, and 21, the conditions for the dimensions of each part during the simulation are as follows: Element length La of antenna pattern 84: 260 mm Horizontal mesh spacing x: variable Vertical mesh spacing y: variable Other conditions are the same as those described above for FIGS.

[0124] 18, 19, 20, and 21, when the horizontal mesh spacing x is narrow, the change in antenna gain relative to the vertical mesh spacing y is small, but as the horizontal mesh spacing x becomes wider, the change in antenna gain relative to the vertical mesh spacing y tends to become greater. The wider the horizontal mesh spacing x, the lower the antenna gain tends to be, and the wider the vertical mesh spacing y, the higher the antenna gain tends to be. These trends are the same regardless of the mesh spacing.

[0125] 18, 19, 20, and 21, when y-x is 30 mm or more, the antenna gain of antenna pattern 84 drops by 3 dB or less from the maximum antenna gain. When the frequency of radio wave A is 205 MHz and the wavelength shortening rate k is 0.64, "y-x is 30 mm or more" satisfies the above-mentioned condition range "y-x is 0.03 × k × λ or more" for improving the antenna gain of antenna pattern 84.

[0126] 22 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the slit width Sp and the antenna gain, where "H" means the antenna gain of "horizontally polarized waves" and "V" means the antenna gain of "vertically polarized waves."

[0127] 22, the conditions for the dimensions of each part during the simulation are as follows: Element length La of antenna pattern 84: 260 mm Slit width Sp: variable Other conditions are the same as those described above for FIGS.

[0128] 22, the antenna gain tends to decrease as the slit width Sp is narrowed. In the case of vertical polarization, when the slit width Sp is 6 μm, the antenna gain of the antenna pattern 84 decreases by 3 dB from the maximum antenna gain. In other words, if the slit width Sp is 6 μm or more, the decrease in antenna gain can be kept within 3 dB.

[0129] Although the embodiments have been described above, they are presented as examples and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various combinations, omissions, substitutions, modifications, etc. can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included within the scope and spirit of the invention, and are also included in the scope of the invention and its equivalents as set forth in the claims.

[0130] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a vehicle window glass that can suppress deterioration in the performance of both the antenna and the conductive layer.

[0131] DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Glass plate 11, 12 Principal surface 12 Principal surface 13 Light-shielding layer 20 Glass plate 21, 22 Principal surface 30 Electrode 31, 34, 36 Internal electrode 32, 33, 35 External electrode 40 Interlayer 51, 52 Bus bar 53, 54 Flat wire 60, 61 Amplifier 70 Dielectric 71, 72, 73 Antenna pattern 80 Conductive layer 81 First region 82 Second region 83 Third region 84 Antenna pattern 85 Slit 85a Gap 86 Vertical slit 87 Horizontal slit 88 Mesh 89 Mesh pattern 90 Vehicle 91 Metal body 92 Opening 93 Metal edge 94 Adhesive 100, 101, 101A, 102, 102A, 103, 103A, 104, 104A Window glass

Claims

1. A vehicle window glass comprising: a first glass sheet having a principal surface; and a conductive layer arranged on the principal surface side of the first glass sheet, wherein the conductive layer includes a first region in which a solid antenna pattern is formed, and a second region in which a mesh pattern divided into a plurality of meshes by slits is formed, wherein, where λ is the wavelength in air of the radio waves transmitted or received by the antenna pattern, and k is the wavelength shortening rate, the mesh spacing of the mesh pattern is 0.001×k×λ or more and 0.03×k×λ or less.

2. A vehicle window glass as set forth in claim 1, wherein the mesh spacing includes a horizontal mesh spacing in the horizontal direction of the mesh pattern and a vertical mesh spacing in the vertical direction of the mesh pattern, and both the horizontal mesh spacing and the vertical mesh spacing are between 0.001×k×λ and 0.03×k×λ.

3. A vehicle window glass as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mesh spacing includes a horizontal mesh spacing in the horizontal direction of the mesh pattern and a vertical mesh spacing in the vertical direction of the mesh pattern, and the vertical mesh spacing is longer than the horizontal mesh spacing.

4. The vehicle window glass according to claim 3, wherein, when x is the horizontal mesh spacing and y is the vertical mesh spacing, y-x is 0.03×k×λ or more.

5. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, wherein the second region is an electrically floating region.

6. A vehicle window glass according to claim 1, wherein the slit width is narrower than the pattern width of the antenna pattern.

7. A vehicle window glass according to claim 6, wherein Sp is the slit width and Wa is the pattern width, and Sp is 0.01 × Wa or more and 0.20 × Wa or less.

8. A vehicle window glass according to claim 6, wherein the slit width is 6 μm or more and 2000 μm or less.

9. A vehicle window glass according to claim 1, wherein the antenna pattern has an element length of 0.12×k×λ or more and 0.30×k×λ or less.

10. A vehicle window glass according to claim 1, wherein the conductive layer is provided on the main surface.

11. A vehicle window glass according to claim 1, further comprising a dielectric on which the conductive layer is provided, the dielectric being arranged on the side of the main surface of the first glass sheet.

12. A vehicle window glass according to claim 1, comprising: a dielectric plate arranged on the side of the main surface of the first glass plate; and an intermediate layer arranged between the main surface and the dielectric plate.

13. A vehicle window glass according to claim 12, wherein the conductive layer is disposed on the opposite side of the dielectric plate from the intermediate layer.

14. A vehicle glazing according to claim 13, comprising a dielectric on which the conductive layer is provided, the dielectric being arranged on the opposite side of the dielectric plate from the intermediate layer.

15. A vehicle window glass according to claim 12, wherein the conductive layer is disposed between the first glass plate or the dielectric plate and the intermediate layer.

16. A vehicle window glass according to claim 15, comprising a dielectric on which the conductive layer is provided, the dielectric being arranged between the first glass sheet or the dielectric sheet and the intermediate layer.

17. A vehicle window glass according to claim 12, wherein the dielectric plate is a second glass plate.

18. A vehicle window glass according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the conductive layer includes a third region different from the first region and the second region, and is provided with a bus bar for applying a voltage to the third region.

19. A vehicle window glass as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the conductive layer includes a third region different from the first region and the second region, and the third region is larger than the combined area of ​​the first region and the second region.

20. A vehicle glazing as claimed in claim 19, wherein when installed in a vehicle, the third region is located below the first region and the second region.

21. A vehicle glazing according to claim 19, wherein, when installed in a vehicle, the third region is located above the first region and the second region.

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