Optical component, optical system, and optical device

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of optical components. Provided are an optical component, an optical system, and an optical device. The optical component comprises a first component and a second component. The first component comprises one or more first-type surfaces and a second-type surface, and the second component comprises a first-type surface opposite to the second-type surface of the first component. A first type of light and a second type of light enter and / or exit from the first-type surfaces, and the first type of light and the second type of light form different angles with the first-type surfaces and / or the second-type surface. The first type of light and at least part of the second type of light enter the second-type surface of the first component after propagating within the first component. The first type of light exits and / or enters from the second-type surface of the first component, and the at least part of the second type of light entering the second-type surface of the first component is reflected by the second-type surface. In the present application, by means of the difference in angles, light having an angle different from that of effective light can be filtered out, and the volume of a system can further be reduced in some uses.

Description

Optical components, optical systems and optical equipment

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410959582.X, filed on July 17, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of optical devices, specifically to an optical device, optical system, and optical equipment. Background Technology

[0003] Stray light, also known as optical "noise," is unwanted light emitted from an optical system and can be caused by a variety of factors. In optical applications, stray light is a significant factor affecting system performance. As the detection requirements of optical systems become increasingly demanding, the need for analysis and suppression of stray light also grows.

[0004] Especially for optical systems with internal reflections, such as PANCAKE mirror groups and waveguide systems, stray light often mixes with the desired light due to multiple reflections of light within the device. Traditional techniques are difficult to use to remove stray light, which often causes problems such as ghosting in imaging applications, seriously affecting product use. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide an optical device, an optical system, and an optical equipment.

[0006] An optical device according to this application includes: a first device and a second device;

[0007] The first device includes one or more first-type surfaces and one or more second-type surfaces, wherein the first-type surfaces and the second-type surfaces on the same first device are not parallel.

[0008] The second device includes a first type of surface that is opposite to the second type of surface of the first device;

[0009] There is a gap between the second type surface of the first device and the first type surface of the second device;

[0010] A first type of ray and a second type of ray are incident on and / or exit the optical device from a first type of surface, wherein the angle between the first type of ray and the first type of surface and the angle between the second type of ray and the first type of surface are different, and / or the angle between the first type of ray and the second type of surface and the second type of ray are different;

[0011] After passing through the first type of surface, at least a portion of the first type of light rays and at least a portion of the second type of light rays propagate within the first device (direct propagation, which here refers to light rays that, after passing through the first type of surface, become first type and second type of light rays, respectively, and the first and second type of light rays do not pass through any other surfaces within the first device; for example, they may pass through the first type of surface once before reaching the second surface and then not pass through any other surfaces, but before this passage through the first type of surface, they may undergo multiple transmission and reflections on multiple surfaces within the first device, where "passing through" refers to transmission or reflection on the aforementioned surfaces) to the second type of surface of the first device (e.g., incident on the first device through the first type of surface, or, according to the principle of reversibility of light paths, propagating from the second type of surface to the first type of surface and then exiting the first device; or reflecting off the first type of surface and then incident on the second type of surface; or propagating from the second type of surface to the first type of surface and then being reflected).

[0012] The angle between the first type of surface and the second type of surface of the first device satisfies the following condition:

[0013] At least a portion of the first type of light is emitted from and / or incident on the second type of surface of the first device (transmitted from the second type of surface, such as light with 95% transmittance without an antireflection coating), and at least a portion of the second type of light is reflected by the second type of surface of the first device (such as second type of light incident on the second type of surface being completely reflected or more than 90% reflected); or at least a portion of the first type of light is reflected by the second type of surface of the first device, and at least a portion of the second type of light is transmitted from the second type of surface of the first device.

[0014] Preferably, the first type of ray and the second type of ray undergo the same optical process on the first type of surface. This optical process refers to reflection, transmission, etc., for example, both the first type of ray and the second type of ray are transmitted (both are emitted / incident, or one type of ray is emitted and the other type is incident), or both are reflected. Alternatively, the first type of ray and the second type of ray undergo different optical processes on the second type of surface (e.g., the first type of ray is transmitted while the second type of ray is reflected, or the first type of ray is reflected and the second type of ray is transmitted).

[0015] Preferably, after the second type of light is reflected, it is at least partially coupled out of the optical device or absorbed (e.g., absorbed by the light-absorbing layer); or, after the first type of light passes through the second type of surface, it is at least partially coupled out of the optical device or absorbed.

[0016] Preferably, after the first type of light passes through the second type of surface, it is coupled into the second device through the first type of surface on the second device. The first and second devices can be relative; for example, there are multiple optical devices in the entire optical system, where some devices serve as the second device of the preceding stage device and at the same time as the first device of the subsequent stage device.

[0017] Preferably, the second device includes one or more of the following: lenses, prisms, mirrors, semi-transparent mirrors, waveguides, optical fibers, light rods, reflectors, light-absorbing devices, lens arrays, prism arrays, gratings, spatial light modulators, optical fibers, and light-absorbing devices (such as black adhesive tape or frosted surfaces). The second device can also be a combination of the above components, such as including prisms, waveguides, and semi-transparent mirrors, fabricated as a whole by gluing or bonding. The waveguide can contain at least two surfaces, and light undergoes at least one total internal reflection between the two surfaces. The two surfaces of the waveguide can be parallel or non-parallel (e.g., triangular or wedge-shaped waveguides, where the angle of incidence changes after each total internal reflection), and the surface of the waveguide can be planar or curved.

[0018] Preferably, one or more of the first type of surface and the second type of surface of the optical device are prepared with a functional or multiple functional film layer. For example, thin films with different transmittance and reflectance for light at different angles (e.g., transmittance > 95% for light with an incident angle less than 30° and transmittance < 5% for light with an incident angle greater than 40°), polarizing reflective films, waveplates, semi-transparent and semi-reflective films with a certain transmission and reflection ratio, antireflective films, wavelength-dependent transmission / reflection films, microprism arrays (e.g., microprism arrays similar to privacy films), microlens arrays, grating films, etc.

[0019] Preferably, there are multiple first devices and / or second devices. For example, an optical device may contain four first devices and two second devices.

[0020] Preferably, there is a gap between the surfaces of the plurality of first devices and / or second devices. This gap can be an air gap or a thin film.

[0021] Preferably, the first type of light is converted into the second type of light after passing through the first type of surface, and / or the second type of light is converted into the first type of light after passing through the first type of surface.

[0022] An optical system according to this application includes the aforementioned optical device.

[0023] An optical device according to this application includes the aforementioned optical components.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] This application effectively filters out light with angles different from the effective light rays by differentiating them, thus effectively solving the problem of stray light interference. In some applications, it can also reduce the size and dimensions of devices / systems. According to the principle of optical path reversibility, the outgoing and incoming light described in this application are relatively reversible (outgoing becomes incoming, and incoming becomes outgoing), and similarly, the definition of the device is also relative.

[0026] Overview of the attached figures

[0027] Other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment;

[0029] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a variation of the first embodiment;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a VR optical system in the second embodiment;

[0031] Figure 4 is a structural diagram of the third implementation column;

[0032] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a variation of the third embodiment;

[0033] Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of another variation of the fourth embodiment.

[0034] Preferred embodiments of the present invention

[0035] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present application, but do not limit the present application in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present application. These all fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] As shown in Figure 1, an optical device includes at least one first device 10 and at least one second device 20. The first device 10 includes at least one first type surface 101 and one second type surface 102. The first type surface 101 and the second type surface 102 on the same first device 10 are not parallel (the first type surface 101 and the second type surface 102 can be planar, curved, or discontinuous surfaces formed by splicing multiple surfaces). The second device 20 includes a first type surface 201 opposite to the second type surface 102 of the first device 10 (the first type surface 201 is generally planar, but can also be curved or discontinuous surfaces formed by splicing multiple surfaces). There is a gap between the second type surface 102 of the first device 10 and the first type surface 201 of the second device 20 (such as an air gap, or a specially designed film layer as a gap to separate the two surfaces).

[0038] The first type of ray 41 and the second type of ray 42 are incident on and / or exit from the first type of surface 101 of the optical device (in this example, the first type of ray and the second type of ray are incident on and / or exit simultaneously; for the sake of simplification, some or all of the transmitted rays in the schematic diagram of this application are not drawn strictly according to Snell's law at the actual incident and refracted exit angles at both ends of the interface, but such simplification does not affect the understanding and implementation of this application). The angles between the first type of ray 41 and the second type of ray 42 and the first type of surface 101 are different (if the surface is curved, the angles between the first type of ray and the second type of ray incident or exiting from the same point on the surface and that point are different). The angles formed by the tangent or the normal to the tangent are different. These different angles can have different ranges. For example, the angle between the first type of ray 41 and the surface normal is within ±20°, while the angle between the second type of ray 42 and the surface normal is less than -20° or greater than +20° (or, in some applications in this example, the angle range of the second type of ray can be outside ±25° but within ±80°; in this case, the angle range is -25° to -20°, +20° to +25° and outside ±80°, regardless of whether the light subsequently propagates as a first type of ray or as a second type of ray, it will not significantly affect the normal operation of the system). After propagating within the first device 10, the first type of ray 41 and at least a portion of the second type of ray 42 enter the second type of surface 102 of the first device 10 (they can also undergo the same number of transmission and reflections on multiple surfaces, or undergo different numbers of transmission and reflections to propagate to the second type of surface). The angle between the first type of surface 101 and the second type of surface 102 of the first device 10 satisfies the following condition:

[0039] The first type of light 41 is emitted from and / or incident on the second type of surface 102 of the first device 10, and the second type of light 42, which is at least partially incident on the second type of surface 102 of the first device 10, is reflected by the second type of surface 102.

[0040] In this embodiment, the first type of surface 101 and the second type of surface 102 may not intersect (e.g., the first device is a wedge-shaped device), in which case the angle between the first type of surface 101 and the second type of surface 102 can be obtained by extending them.

[0041] If the first type of surface 101 and / or the second type of surface 102 are curved surfaces or discontinuous surfaces formed by splicing multiple surfaces, then the angle between the two surfaces can be defined as follows:

[0042] When the same ray enters or exits the first type surface 101 of the same first device 10 successively and then propagates to the second type surface 102 (or it can pass through the second type surface 102 first and then propagate to the first type surface 101), the angle between the ray and the two tangents at the point of entry or exit of the first type surface 101 and the second type surface 102 (i.e., the angle between the tangents after translating or extending the two tangents), or the angle between the normals of the two tangents (i.e., the angle between the normals of the two tangents after translating or extending the normals of the two tangents).

[0043] In the above situation, there may be multiple included angles between the two surfaces, but any included angle must satisfy the condition that the first type of light ray exits from and / or enters from the second type of surface 102 of the first device 10, and at least part of the second type of light ray 42 that enters the second type of surface 102 of the first device 10 is reflected by the second type of surface 102. This achieves the purpose of separating the first type of light ray 41 and the second type of light ray 42 (separating light rays at different angles).

[0044] As shown in Figure 2, in a variation of this embodiment, the optical device may include multiple first devices and / or second devices. Multiple first devices can filter out multiple types of second-type light rays from different directions and angles. For example, the system may include four first devices (only two, 10 and 11, are shown in Figure 2). Two of these first devices filter out light rays with angles greater than +40° and less than -50° between the y-direction and surfaces 101 and 111, respectively. The other two filter out light rays with angles greater than +30° and less than -35° between their directions and the incident first-type surfaces. Multiple second devices can further modulate the first-type light rays. Multiple first devices and multiple second devices can be arranged in various combinations throughout the device / system. For example, light rays may first enter a first first device, then a first second device (which in some cases can also be considered the preceding first device of the next device), separating a portion of the second-type light rays before entering a second first device, filtering out another portion of the second-type light rays, and then entering a second second device. Alternatively, light rays may first enter several first devices consecutively to filter out specific types of second-type light rays before entering multiple second devices. In addition, a first device may also contain multiple first or second type surfaces (which can be regarded as multiple first devices spliced ​​together).

[0045] There are gaps between the surfaces of multiple first and / or second devices. The gaps are air gaps and / or filled with a medium, and / or coated with a functional film layer, thereby enabling the selective (reflection or transmission) of light at different angles between some surfaces.

[0046] In this example, after the second type of light is reflected or transmitted, at least a portion of it is coupled out of the optical device or absorbed, and is separated from the optical path of the first type of light, and is coupled out of the system (not participating in subsequent functions, such as imaging); or after the first type of light passes through the second type of surface or is reflected by the second type of surface, at least a portion of it is coupled out of the optical device or absorbed.

[0047] After the second type of light 42 is reflected, at least a portion (or all of it) is coupled out of the optics or absorbed; that is, the light coupled out of the optics or absorbed is filtered out as stray light (as shown in Figure 1). Alternatively, after the first type of light 41 passes through the second type of surface 102, at least a portion of it is coupled out of the optics or absorbed (this absorption or coupling of light out of the system can be done in the second device 20, or the second device 20 itself can be a light-absorbing element; in some cases, the second device may not be necessary). In this case, the first type of light 41 is filtered out as stray light, while the second type of light 42 participates in the system operation as useful light. In this case, other devices may also be included to further process the second type of light.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] A VR optical system, similar to the monolithic PANCAKE scheme, is shown in Figure 3. Image light emitted from a microdisplay (e.g., LCD, Micro OLED, Micro LED, etc.) is modulated into circular polarization and passes through a surface (semi-transparent, semi-reflective curved surface) of a second device 20 (lens / mirror). It exits through a first-type surface 201 on the second device 20, passes through a gap 312 (which can be an air gap or a gap formed by a special dielectric film that enhances light transmission at small angles while reflecting light at large angles), and then enters the second-type surface 102 corresponding to the first device 10. At this point, the image light is all first-type light that can pass through the second-type surface 102 and exits from the first-type surface 101 of the first device 10. The light exits through gap 311 and enters the second type surface 112 of the first device 11. A quarter-wave plate and a polarizing reflective film are prepared on one side plane of the first device 11 (first type surface 111). The image light is modulated into S-ray by the quarter-wave plate and then reflected. At this time, the angle between the image light and the first device 10, the second type surface 102 of the first device 11, and the second type surface 112 is still smaller than the total reflection angle (or smaller than the starting reflection angle set by the angle-related reflective film). Thus, after passing through the above surfaces, the image light is modulated again by the semi-transparent and semi-reflective surface of the second device 20 and then reflected. After passing through the first device 10 and the first device 11, the light enters the first type surface 111. At this time, part of the light is modulated into P light by a quarter wave plate and exits from the first type surface 111 (as image light input to the human eye). However, in reality, due to the imperfection of the polarization device, part of the light will be reflected again by the first type surface 111 and become second type light 42 due to the change of angle (here, the second type light is generated by part of the first type light 41 on the first type surface 111 due to the device defect, which can be equivalent to input from the surface of the first type surface 111, for example, regarded as entering the first type surface 111 from the outside of the first type surface 111). This part of the light becomes stray light (second type light 42) and re-enters the system. At this time, part of the second type light will be reflected and cannot pass through because the angle between it and the second type surface 112 of the first device 11 is greater than the total reflection angle (or greater than the angle set by the angle selective reflection film on the gap). The above-mentioned second type light 42 undergoes one or more reflections / total reflections in the first device 11 and is coupled out of the system or absorbed at the edge of the first device 11. Similarly, another portion of the second type of light (another angular range) will be coupled out of the system or absorbed after undergoing one or more reflections in the first device 10.

[0050] The above scheme can be further supplemented with multiple first devices to filter out stray light exceeding the angular range in another direction (for example, the aforementioned scheme filters out vertical stray light, and adding two more first devices can filter out horizontal stray light / second type of light). The above scheme can also be used in multi-element PANCAKE VR systems (such as two, three, or four lenses / mirrors).

[0051] Example 3

[0052] As shown in Figure 5, a first device 10 includes a cross-section shaped like a triangular prism (or with a wedge or polygonal shape after cutting the edges), and its material has a refractive index of 1.60. A second device 20 also includes a triangular or wedge-shaped waveguide (the material and its refractive index may be the same as or different from the first device 10). All incident rays have an angle (angle of incidence) between the incident ray and the normal to the first type surface 101 within ±50°. Rays with an angle less than +30° to the normal of surface 101 are considered valid first-type rays 41 and need to propagate to the second device 20. Rays with an angle greater than +40° to the normal of the first type surface 101 are considered stray light (second-type rays 42) and need to be filtered out before entering the second device 20. The angle between the first type surface 101 and the second type surface 102 of the first device 10 is 16°. Therefore, the angle between the first type ray 41 and the normal of the first type surface 101 is less than 30° (corresponding to an angle of 17.42° between the ray 41 and the normal of the first type surface 101 after incident on the first device 10 is less than 34° and can exit from the second type surface 102. However, the angle between the second type ray 42 and the surface 102 after incident on the first device 10 is greater than 39° (the total internal reflection angle is 38.68° for a 1.60 refractive index medium). Therefore, the ray 42 will be reflected by the second type surface 102 and exit from the system or be absorbed. The second type surface 102 corresponds to the first type surface 201 (they have the same surface shape and are parallel). There is an air gap of <10μm between the second type surface 102 and the first type surface 201. Both the second type surface 102 and the first type surface 201 are coated with an anti-reflection coating to increase light transmittance, thereby improving the transmittance of the effective light 41 on the transmitting surfaces 102 and 201. By reasonably setting the angle between the first type surface 101 and the second type surface 102, the above scheme can completely filter out stray light with an angle very close to that of the effective light.

[0053] Preferably, the first type of surface and the second type of surface satisfy the following relationship (for example, as shown in Figure 4, both surfaces are planar): the angle 103 between the first type of surface 101 and the second type of surface 102 is θ; the angle between the first type of ray 41 incident on the normal of surface 101 is within the range [Ω, Φ] (incident angle, in this example, ± can be defined as counterclockwise as - and clockwise as +); the angle between the second type of ray 42 incident on the normal of surface 101 is greater than or equal to αα (αα≥Φ, or it can also be set to be greater than or equal to αα or less than or equal to β and β≤Ω, and the subsequent calculation of the range of θ will also be adjusted accordingly); the refractive index of the first device 101 is n1; the refractive index of the external medium is n0; the refractive index of the medium in the gap 312 between the surface 102 of the first device and the surface 201 of the second device is n3 (if it is air, n3=1); then θ satisfies the condition: Similarly, the relationship between θ and the lower limit Ω of the first type of ray and the limiting angle β of the second type of ray can be derived.

[0054] In this embodiment, the second device 20 is connected to several other optical devices, which can further modulate the effective light.

[0055] Example 4

[0056] As shown in Figure 6, the system includes a first device 10 and a second device 20. Light rays 411 and 412 enter the first device 10 from the preceding device (with a gap between it and the first device 10) through a first type surface 1010. Light ray 412 is reflected by the upper surface of the first device 10 and then reaches the first type surface 1010 again. At this point, due to the change in its angle after reflection, the angle between light ray 412 and the first type surface 1010 is greater than the angle of total internal reflection, and its angle will be further altered after reflection by the first type surface 1010. When the light ray 412 reaches the second type surface 102, the angle between it and the second type surface 102 is greater than the angle of total reflection. Therefore, the light ray 412 has become the second type light ray 422 (which can be equivalent to the second type light ray generated from the first type surface 1010. In this example, the first type light ray and the second type light ray can be defined as the first type light ray whose angle with the second type surface 102 when it is incident on the second type surface 102 is less than the angle of total reflection, and the second type light ray whose angle is greater than the angle of total reflection). After being reflected by the second type surface 102, it exits from the first type surface 1011. Light ray 411 also enters the first device 10 from the previous stage device in the system (there is a gap between it and the first device 10) through the first type surface 1010. It does not pass through other surfaces in the first device 10 and directly reaches the second type surface 102. At this time, the angle between it and the second type surface 102 is less than the angle of total internal reflection (belonging to the first type of light ray). It will pass through 102 and the gap 312 into the second device 20. After being reflected by the upper surface of the second device 20 (in this example, the upper surface of the second device 20 and the upper surface of the first device 10 are located on the same plane), it will pass through the second type surface 102 again and return to the first device 10. After that, light ray 411 will enter the first type surface 1010 again. This time, the angle between it and the first type surface 1010 is greater than the angle of total internal reflection, and it will be reflected by the first type surface 1010. For example, as shown in Figure 6, after light ray 411 passes through (is reflected) the first type surface 1010 for the second time, it is transformed into the second type of light ray 421 due to the change in angle. After ray 411 is reflected by the first type of surface 1010, its angle changes again. The angle between it and the second type of surface 102 is now greater than the angle of total internal reflection, and it is transformed into a second type of ray 421 (which can be regarded as a second type of ray generated on the first type of surface 1010 or equivalent to a second type of ray input on the first type of surface 1010. That is, the angle after the second time it passes through the first type of surface 1010 and is reflected by it is completely different from the angle after the first time ray 411 is transmitted from the outside through the first type of surface 1010. They can be regarded as two different types of rays. The optical processes experienced by the two types of rays on the second type of surface 102 are reflection and transmission, which are also completely different). When the second type of ray 421 enters the second type of surface 102 again, it will be reflected back to the first type of surface 1011 and then exit from the first device 10.

[0057] Preferably, the cross-section of the first device is triangular, wedge-shaped, polygonal, or curved. For example, as shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, the cross-section of the first device 10 is triangular or wedge-shaped, or it can be an irregular polygon or curved shape as shown in Figures 4 and 5.

[0058] In some applications, the optical path in this embodiment can also be reversed (according to the principle of optical path reversibility, the input of light can become the output, and the output can become the input, and the entire optical path can be reversed). In addition, since the ability to distinguish light by angle selection is added to the device, in some waveguide applications, this embodiment can also be combined with other devices to achieve further reduction in system volume (such as thickness).

[0059] In this embodiment, multiple first devices can be added to filter out stray light in different directions and angles.

[0060] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0061] The specific embodiments of this application have been described above. It should be understood that this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the substantive content of this application. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

Claims

1. An optical device, characterized by The optical device comprises: a first device and a second device; the first device comprises one or more first-type surfaces and one or more second-type surfaces; the second device comprises a first-type surface opposite to the second-type surface of the first device; a gap exists between the second-type surface of the first device and the first-type surface of the second device; the angle of the first-type light with respect to the first-type surface is different from the angle of the second-type light with respect to the first-type surface, and / or the angle of the first-type light with respect to the second-type surface is different from the angle of the second-type light with respect to the second-type surface; at least part of the first-type light and at least part of the second-type light propagate in the first device after passing through the first-type surface to the second-type surface of the first device; the angle of the first-type surface and the second-type surface of the first device satisfies the following condition: at least part of the first-type light is transmitted from the second-type surface of the first device, and at least part of the second-type light is reflected by the second-type surface of the first device; or at least part of the first-type light is reflected by the second-type surface of the first device, and at least part of the second-type light is transmitted from the second-type surface of the first device.

2. The optical device of claim 1, wherein, at least part of the second-type light is reflected or transmitted by the second-type surface, and is coupled out of the optical device or is absorbed; or at least part of the first-type light is transmitted or reflected by the second-type surface, and is coupled out of the optical device or is absorbed. the first-type light or the second-type light is transmitted through the second-type surface, and is coupled into the second device through the first-type surface on the second device.

3. The optical device of claim 1, wherein, the second device comprises one or more of the following devices: lens, prism, mirror, half-mirror, waveguide, optical fiber, optical rod, light-absorbing device, light-reflecting bowl, lens array, prism array, grating, spatial light modulator.

4. The optical device of claim 1, wherein, the cross-section of the first device is triangular, wedge-shaped, polygonal, or has a curved shape.

5. The optical device of claim 1, wherein, one or more of the first-type surfaces and the second-type surfaces of the optical device are prepared with one or more functional film layers.

6. The optical device of claim 1, wherein, the number of the first device and / or the second device is multiple.

7. The optical device of claim 1, wherein, a gap exists between the surfaces of multiple first devices and / or multiple second devices.

8. The optical device of claim 7, wherein, the first-type light is converted into the second-type light after passing through the first-type surface, and / or the second-type light is converted into the first-type light after passing through the first-type surface.

9. The optical device of claim 1, wherein, the first-type light and the second-type light undergo the same optical process on the first-type surface, but different optical processes on the second-type surface.

10. The optical device of claim 1, wherein, The optical device comprises any one of claims 1-10.

11. An optical system characterized by comprising: The optical device comprises any one of claims 1-10.

12. An optical device, characterized by ​

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