Feederhouse of a combine harvester

Abstract

A feederhouse of a combine harvester has a dust ejection system for sucking dust from within an outer housing of the feederhouse, in particular from a flow in the opposite direction to the main material flow. A deflector is provided upstream of an opening from which the dust is sucked, for separating a flow of material into relatively fine material which passes to the opening and relatively coarse material which is deflected away from the opening.

Description

TITLEFEEDERHOUSE OF A COMBINE HARVESTERFIELD

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to combine harvesters, and in particular to the feederhouse used to deliver crop material to the threshing system of the combine harvester.BACKGROUND

[0002] A combine harvester typically includes a crop cutting head (the header) and a threshing system for detaching grains of cereal from the ears of cereal. A delivery system delivers the cut crop to the threshing system, known as the feederhouse. A separating apparatus is downstream of the threshing system, and a grain cleaning apparatus receives grain from the separating apparatus. A stratification pan aims to stratify the material into a layered structure of grain at the bottom and light chaff and other material other than grain (MOG) at the top. Together, the threshing, separating and cleaning system are known as the processor.

[0003] The feederhouse is typically in the form of a conveyor chain or belt with cross bars that transport the crop material.

[0004] There are various designs for the threshing system and for the separating apparatus (e.g. axial or transverse) as well as for the grain cleaning apparatus. However, in all designs, there is a flow of material from the threshing system to the separating apparatus, and between the separating apparatus and the grain cleaning unit.

[0005] During harvesting of very dry crops one of the natural inconveniences is the high amount of dust around the combine, especially over the header and feederhouse, which can cause an obstruction to the visibility of the operator. The feederhouse system has an additional issue arising from so-called back feeding, which is the flow of air and dust coming back from the processor to the feederhouse. This back feeding, which is commonly highly dense in dust, also decreases the operator visibility.

[0006] One known way to minimize these effects is to install dust ejectors to provide dust removal before the dust is released from the feederhouse in the header direction.

[0007] Current ejector systems typically include a fan, a drive system and a channel installed generally over the feederhouse, acting as a suctioning system. There are known implementations, but they all use the basic principle of directly sucking excess dust in order to avoid it being released to the front of the combine.

[0008] One of the main problems of these systems is the presence of solid particles including grains, stalks and sometimes even the corn cobs.

[0009] A problem can arise that there may be solid matter in the flow being drawn by the ejector system, such as grains, stalks and sometimes even corn cobs. These can become clogged in the fan, and thereby affect the operation of the ejector system.BRIEF SUMMARY

[0010] The concept of this disclosure is defined by the claims. According to examples in accordance with this disclosure, there is provided a feederhouse of a combine harvester, comprising:

[0011] an outer housing;

[0012] front and rear sprockets inside the outer housing;

[0013] a belt inside the outer housing extending around the sprockets; and

[0014] a dust ejection system comprising a fan for sucking dust from within the outer housing and an outlet for delivering the sucked dust,

[0015] wherein the outer housing comprises an outer wall having an opening which communicates with the outlet, wherein the outer wall is at a side of the belt at which the belt movement direction is opposite to a main material flow direction,

[0016] and wherein a deflector is provided upstream of the opening for separating a flow of material into relatively fine material which passes to the opening and relatively coarse material which is deflected away from the opening.

[0017] The deflector provides deflection of larger material while allowing dust to enter the dust ejection system, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the system and also enables a reduced frequency of the maintenance of the feederhouse.

[0018] The deflector for example comprises at least two ramp surfaces with a space between them. Larger material rides up the ramp surfaces and is thereby carried past the opening, whereas smaller material such as dust can pass directly into the opening and hence be ejected.

[0019] The ramp surfaces for example extend in parallel with the belt movement direction. Thus, they do not present a significant flow obstruction.

[0020] The ramp surfaces preferably increase in height in the belt movement direction towards the opening. Thus, they cause the larger material to be lifted away from the inside surface of the housing so that they can jump past the opening.

[0021] The deflector for example comprises a line of between 4 and 20 parallel ramp surfaces with spaces between them, the line extending across width of the outer housing. The number of ramp surfaces and hence their spacing will determine the separation performance function of the deflector.

[0022] In one example, a lower side of the belt has belt movement in the main material flow direction and an upper side of the belt has belt movement opposite to the main material flow direction. Thus, the main material flow is underneath the belt, and the back feeding flow is over the belt.

[0023] The outer housing may then comprise a top wall over the upper side of the belt, and the opening (or openings) is provided in the top wall.

[0024] The top wall for example comprises a line of openings extending across a width of the outer housing. This maintains the structural integrity of the housing compared to a continuous opening.

[0025] This disclosure also provides a combine harvester comprising:

[0026] a crop cutting head;

[0027] the feederhouse as defined above;

[0028] a threshing system;

[0029] a separating system; and

[0030] a grain cleaning system for receiving the cut and threshed crop material.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] One or more embodiments of this disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0032] Figure 1 shows a combine harvester which may be adapted in accordance with this disclosure;

[0033] Figure 2 shows one example of threshing system and grain cleaning apparatus in more detail;

[0034] Figure 3 shows a feederhouse;

[0035] Figure 4 shows the feederhouse of Figure 3 from beneath with components removed to show the deflector;

[0036] Figure 5 shows another view of the feederhouse of Figure 3 from beneath;

[0037] Figure 6 shows the feederhouse of Figure 3 in side view and is used to explain the flows within the feederhouse; and

[0038] Figure 7 shows one example of a possible ramp surface shape.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The invention will be described with reference to the Figures.

[0040] It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating exemplary embodiments of the apparatus, systems and methods, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the apparatus, systems and methods of the present invention will become better understood from the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the Figures are merely schematic and are not drawn to scale. It should also be understood that the same reference numerals are used throughout the Figures to indicate the same or similar parts.

[0041] This disclosure relates to a feederhouse of a combine harvester that has a dust ejection system for sucking dust from within an outer housing of the feederhouse, in particularfrom a flow in the opposite direction to the main material flow. A deflector is provided upstream of an opening from which the dust is sucked, for separating a flow of material into relatively fine material which passes to the opening and relatively coarse material which is deflected away from the opening.

[0042] Figure 1 shows a known combine harvester 10 to which the teachings of this disclosure may be applied. A crop cutting head 11 (known as the header) for example comprises a wide laterally extending transverse auger, which cuts the crop material and drives it inwardly towards a central area. A front elevator housing 12 receives the cut crop material and includes a feederhouse for transporting the crop material.

[0043] The feederhouse comprises a belt 13 (or a pair of spaced apart belts) driven around sprockets 14. The sprockets have drive pins which engage with gaps between teeth along the inner surface of the belt.

[0044] The feederhouse delivers the crop material to a threshing system 20 for detaching grains of cereal from the ears of cereal, and a separating apparatus 30 which is connected downstream of the threshing system 20. The threshing system comprises one or more threshing units, in particular rotors, and associated concaves.

[0045] In the example shown, the separating apparatus 30 includes a plurality of parallel, longitudinally-aligned, straw walkers 32, and this is suitable for the case of a so-called straw-walker combine. The grains after separation by the separating device 30 pass to a grain cleaning apparatus 40.

[0046] In the example shown, the threshing system 20 is a tangential-flow'conventional' threshing system, i.e. formed by rotating elements with an axis of rotation in the side-to-side direction of the combine harvester and for generating a tangential flow. For example, the 'conventional' threshing system includes a rotating, tangential-flow, threshing cylinder and a concave-shaped grate. The threshing cylinder includes rasp bars (not shown) which act upon the crop stream to thresh the grain or seeds from the remaining material, the majority of the threshed grain passing through the underlying grate and onto a stratification pan (also sometimes known as the grain pan).

[0047] There are also axial threshing systems, i.e. formed by rotating elements with an axis of rotation in the longitudinal direction (direction of travel). For example, the threshing section may have axially-aligned rasp bars spaced around the front section whilst the separating section has separating elements or fingers arranged in a pattern, e.g. a spiral pattern, extending from the rasp bars to the rear of the rotor.

[0048] By way of example, an axial threshing (and separating) system 20 is shown inFigure 2, together with a cleaning apparatus 40.

[0049] The threshing system 20 comprises an axial rotor 22 beneath which is mounted the concave 24. The concave may have different sections along its length. The separating function involves conveying the crop stream rearwardly in a ribbon passing along a spiral path.

[0050] The initial threshing creates a flow of grain to a stratification pan 42. The separating function further downstream of the threshing system serves to separate further grain from the crop stream and this separated grain passes through a grate-like structure onto an underlying return pan 44. The residue crop material, predominantly made up of straw, exits the machine at the rear. Although not shown in Figure 1, a straw spreader and / or chopper may be provided to process the straw material as required.

[0051] The threshing apparatus 20 does not remove all material other than grain,"MOG", from the grain so that the crop stream collected by the stratification pan 42 and return pan 44 typically includes a proportion of straw, chaff, tailings and other unwanted material such as weed seeds, bugs, and tree twigs. The remainder of the grain cleaning apparatus 40 is in the form of a grain cleaning unit 50. The grain cleaning unit 50 removes this unwanted material thus leaving a clean sample of grain to be delivered to the tank.

[0052] The grain cleaning unit 50 comprises a fan unit 52 and sieves 54 and 56. The upper sieve 54 is known as the chaffer.

[0053] The stratification pan 42 and return pan 44 are driven in an oscillating manner to convey the grain and MOG accordingly. Although the drive and mounting mechanisms for the stratification pan 42 and return pan 44 are not shown, it should be appreciated that this aspect is well known in the art of combine harvesters and is not critical to this disclosure.Furthermore, it should be appreciated that the two pans 42, 44 may take a ridged construction as is known in the art.

[0054] The general flow of material is as follows. The grain passing through the concave 24 falls onto the front of stratification pan 42 as indicated by arrow A in Figure 2. This material is conveyed rearwardly (in the direction of arrow B in Figure 2) by the oscillating motion of the stratification pan 42 and the ridged construction thereof. Material passing through the concave further back falls onto the return pan 44 and is conveyed forwardly by the oscillating motion and ridged construction thereof as shown by arrow C.

[0055] It is noted that "forwardly" and "rearwardly" refer to direction relative to the normal forward direction of travel of the combine harvester.

[0056] When the material reaches a front edge of the return pan 44 it falls onto the stratification pan 42 and is conveyed as indicated by arrow B.

[0057] The combined crop streams thus progress rearwardly towards a rear edge of the stratification pan 42. Whilst conveyed across the stratification pan 42, the crop stream, including grain and MOG, undergoes stratification wherein the heavier grain sinks to the bottom layers adjacent stratification pan 42 and the lighter and / or larger MOG rises to the top layers.

[0058] Upon reaching the rear edge of the stratification pan 42, the crop stream falls onto the chaffer 54 which is also driven in a fore-and-aft oscillating motion. The chaffer 54 is of a known construction and includes a series of transverse ribs or louvers which create open channels or gaps therebetween. The chaffer ribs are angled upwardly and rearwardly so as to encourage MOG rearwardly whilst allowing the heavier grain to pass through the chaffer onto an underlying second sieve 56 which removes tailings from the stream of grain before being conveyed to on-board tank (not shown) by grain collecting auger 70 which resides in a transverse trough 72 at the bottom of the grain cleaning unit 50. Tailings blocked by sieve 56 are conveyed rearwardly by the oscillating motion thereof to a rear edge from where the tailings are directed to the returns auger 60 for reprocessing in a known manner.

[0059] This disclosure relates to the design of the feederhouse for delivering crop material to the threshing and separating systems. It may be used in a conventional (transverse)machine, an axial machine, or a hybrid machine (with transverse threshing and axial separation). In particular, this disclosure relates to a dust ejection system for expelling dust from the feederhouse, in particular flowing in a back feeding direction.

[0060] The belt is preferably hydraulically driven, although it may be electrically driven. The belt is driven from one of the sprockets (front or back) of the belt, for example from the back of the belt where there is more space inside the combine harvester. A belt tensioning system is used to maintain belt tension, for example a spring-based tensioning unit. In a known manner, belt tensioning may be entirely manual, or the belt tension may be electronically monitored and then manually adjusted, or it may be electronically monitored and then automatically hydraulically or electrically adjusted (from the cab).

[0061] The belt is for example rubber, such as a rubber matting onto which lateral gripping bars (or recesses) are provided and optionally also longitudinal guiding bars (or recesses), or it may be formed using chains.

[0062] For example, there may be two narrow belt portions spaced apart with connecting gripping bars between them on the outer surface of the two belt portions (thereby forming an overall "belt"). Each belt portion is driven around a pair of sprockets. The inner surfaces of each belt portion have a row of teeth. Drive pins of the sprocket fit in the spaces between adjacent teeth. Alternatively, the belt may be formed by a pair of chains with connecting gripping bars, or it may be formed by a rubber belt across the full width of the feederhouse.

[0063] Figure 3 shows a feederhouse 100 of a combine harvester. It has an outer housing 102 and a belt arrangement within the housing.

[0064] The belt arrangement has front and rear sprockets with a belt extending around the sprockets. Figure 3 shows the end of the feederhouse that receives material from the header. In the example shown, there are two side-by-side belts. Each belt comprises a pair of chains 104 and interconnecting bars 106 between the chains. Each chain extends around a respective front sprocket 108, so that in this particular example there are four front sprockets and four rear sprockets (not shown).

[0065] In another arrangement, there may be a single belt formed as a rubber mat, or side by side rubber belts. This disclosure is not limited to any particular design of the belt arrangement.

[0066] A dust ejection system is provided, comprising a fan 110 for sucking dust from within the outer housing and an outlet 112 for delivering the sucked dust. The outlet directs the sucked dust in a desired direction, for example away from the front of the combine so that the visibility of the user is less impaired.

[0067] The outer housing 102 comprises an outer wall 114 having an opening which communicates with the outlet 112. The fan drives air flow from the opening to the end of the outlet 112.

[0068] The belt is driven to rotate such that, in a main material flow, it draws material away from the header and towards the processor. This may be considered to be the main material flow direction. In this example, the belt is driven main material flow direction at the underside, and it is driven in the opposite direction at the upper side. Thus, the belt arrangement is driven clockwise when viewing Figure 3 from the left side.

[0069] Thus, the top of the outer housing is adjacent the belt portion at which the belt movement is opposite to the main material flow direction. Accordingly, the opening and the outlet communicate with the side of the belt where the belt movement is opposite to the main material flow direction.

[0070] In accordance with this disclosure, a deflector is provided upstream of the opening. It is used to separate the flow of material into relatively fine material which passes to the opening and relatively coarse material which is deflected away from the opening.

[0071] Figure 4 shows the feederhouse of Figure 3 from beneath with components removed to show the deflector, in particular, a bottom cover of the outer housing, the belt and the sprockets are removed so that the underside of the top of the outer housing is visible.

[0072] The opening that leads (via the fan) to the outlet 112 can be seen. In this example, there is a line of openings 120 extending across the width of the outer housing (perpendicular to the material flow direction). Four openings 120 are provided in this example, but there could be fewer (including just a single long opening), or more.

[0073] The deflector 130 can also be seen, at the underside of the top 114 of the outer housing. The deflector functions to separate relatively large material from relatively small material, and it does this by having spaced apart deflection members. In the example shown, each deflection member comprises ramp surface 132.

[0074] The ramp surfaces 132 deflect larger material away from the openings while allowing dust to enter the openings (mainly passing between the ramp surfaces) without being significantly deflected. This reduces the risk of damage to the system, and also enables a reduced frequency of the maintenance of the feederhouse.

[0075] The ramp surfaces 132 extend in parallel with the belt movement direction.Thus, they do not present a significant flow obstruction. The ramp surfaces increase in height (relative to the underside of the top of the outer housing to which they are attached) in the belt movement direction towards the openings. Thus, they cause the larger material to be lifted away from the underside surface of the housing so that they follow a path over the openings.

[0076] There may be between 4 and 20 parallel ramp surfaces with spaces between them, the line extending across width of the outer housing. The number of ramp surfaces and hence their spacing will determine the separation performance function of the deflector.

[0077] The ramp surfaces may be straight (so the ramps are triangular in side view) or they may have a curvature, for example a concave curvature to provide a progressively increasing gradient. The particular shape can be designed by optimization, to achieve the desired separation functionality.

[0078] The ramp surfaces may all have the same shape, or there may be ramp surfaces with different shapes.

[0079] Figure 5 shows another view of the feederhouse of Figure 3 from beneath with only the bottom cover of the housing removed.

[0080] It shows the four chains 104 and the interconnecting bars 106. The openings120 and ramp surfaces 132 can be seen.

[0081] Figure 6 shows the feederhouse of Figure 3 in side view and is used to explain the flows within the feederhouse.

[0082] The main material flow is shown by arrows 140, beneath the belt arrangement.The back feeding flow is shown by arrows 142.

[0083] At the deflector, incident material is partially separated into a first flow 144 of small material such as dust and a second flow 146 of larger material such as grains, stalks or corn cobs. The first flow 144 passes to the openings 120 whereas the second flow 146 is deflected such that it is not expelled by the ejection system.

[0084] Figure 7 shows one example of a possible ramp surface shape. The ramp surface extends over a length of 150 mm and has an end height of 40 mm. The ramp surface starts parallel with the underling base and has a radius of curvature of 300 mm. The ramp surface moves the undesired material downwardly away from the input to the dust diverter. More generally, the ramp surface may extend over a length in the range 50 mm to 300 mm and the end height may be in the range 10 mm to 100 mm. Of course, the design will depend on the other parameters of the feederhouse.

[0085] The ramps are for example are spaced with a pitch in the range 40 mm to 80 mm. The openings 120 for example have a width (in the width direction of the feederhouse) in the range 100 mm to 400 mm (e.g., 260 mm) and a length (in the flow direction) in the range 50 mm to 200 mm (e.g., 100 mm).

[0086] Variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality.

[0087] The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

[0088] Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.

[0089] All references cited herein are incorporated herein in their entireties. If there is a conflict between definitions herein and in an incorporated reference, the definition herein shall control.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A feederhouse (100) of a combine harvester, comprising: an outer housing (102); front and rear sprockets (108) inside the outer housing (102); a belt (104,106) inside the outer housing extending around the sprockets (108); and a dust ejection system comprising a fan (110) for sucking dust from within the outer housing (102) and an outlet (112) for delivering the sucked dust, wherein the outer housing (102) comprises an outer wall (114) having an opening (120) which communicates with the outlet (112), wherein the outer wall (114) is at a side of the belt at which the belt movement direction is opposite to a main material flow direction (140), and wherein a deflector (130) is provided upstream of the opening for separating a flow of material into relatively fine material which passes to the opening and relatively coarse material which is deflected away from the opening.

2. The feederhouse of claim 1, wherein the deflector (130) comprises at least two ramp surfaces (132) with a space between them.

3. The feederhouse of claim 2, wherein the ramp surfaces (132) extend in parallel with the belt movement direction.

4. The feederhouse of claim 2 or 3, wherein the ramp surfaces (132) increase in height in the belt movement direction towards the opening (120).

5. The feederhouse of any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the deflector (130) comprises a line of between 4 and 20 parallel ramp surfaces (132) with spaces between them, the line extending across a width of the outer housing (102).

6. The feederhouse of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a lower side of the belt has belt movement in the main material flow direction (140) and an upper side of the belt has belt movement (142) opposite to the main material flow direction.

7. The feederhouse of claim 6, wherein the outer housing comprises a top wall (114) over the upper side of the belt, and the opening (120) is provided in the top wall.

8. The feederhouse of claim 7, wherein the top wall (114) comprises a line of openings (120) extending across a width of the outer housing.

9. A combine harvester comprising: a crop cutting head (11); the feederhouse (100) of any one of claims 1 to 8; a threshing system (20); a separating system (30); and a grain cleaning system (40) for receiving the cut and threshed crop material.

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