Image encoding / decoding method and device, and recording medium on which bitstream is stored

Abstract

An image decoding method and device according to the present disclosure may receive a bitstream including an encoded video picture and reconstruct the encoded video picture included in the bitstream. Here, the bitstream may include artificial intelligence (AI) usage constraints. The AI usage constraints may include at least one of AI usage constraint information indicating constraints on AI usage, a context presence flag indicating whether context information for the AI usage constraint information is present, or context information indicating a context for the AI usage constraint information.

Description

Video encoding / decoding method and device, and recording medium storing bitstream

[0001] The present invention relates to a video encoding / decoding method and device, and a recording medium storing a bitstream.

[0002] Recently, the demand for high-resolution, high-quality images, such as HD (High Definition) images and UHD (Ultra High Definition) images, is increasing in various application fields, and accordingly, high-efficiency image compression technologies are being discussed.

[0003] There are various technologies for image compression, such as inter prediction technology that predicts pixel values ​​included in the current picture from pictures before or after the current picture, intra prediction technology that predicts pixel values ​​included in the current picture using pixel information in the current picture, and entropy encoding technology that assigns short codes to values ​​with high frequency of appearance and long codes to values ​​with low frequency of appearance, and these technologies can be used to effectively compress and transmit or store image data.

[0004] The present disclosure provides a method and device for configuring content usage information.

[0005] The present disclosure provides a method and device for signaling content usage information.

[0006] The present disclosure provides a method and device for configuring AI usage restrictions.

[0007] The present disclosure provides a method and device for signaling AI usage restrictions.

[0008] A video decoding method and device according to the present disclosure can receive a bitstream including an encoded video picture and restore the encoded video picture included in the bitstream. The bitstream can include AI (Artificial Intelligence) usage restrictions.

[0009] In the video decoding method and device according to the present disclosure, the AI ​​usage restrictions may include at least one of AI usage restriction information indicating restrictions on AI usage, a context presence flag indicating whether context information for the AI ​​usage restriction information exists, or the context information indicating a context for the AI ​​usage restriction information.

[0010] In the video decoding method and device according to the present disclosure, the AI ​​usage constraints can be obtained from a NAL (network abstraction layer) unit of the bitstream.

[0011] In the image decoding method and device according to the present disclosure, the value of the AI ​​usage restriction information may be limited to fall within a range from 0 to 3.

[0012] In the image decoding method and device according to the present disclosure, the AI ​​usage restriction information of the first value may indicate that it cannot be used for AI training, the AI ​​usage restriction information of the second value may indicate that it cannot be used for generative AI, and the AI ​​usage restriction information of the third value may indicate that it cannot be used in any AI application.

[0013] In the image decoding method and device according to the present disclosure, a smaller value may be assigned to the AI ​​usage restriction information indicating that it is unusable for AI training than to the AI ​​usage restriction information indicating that it is unusable for the generative AI.

[0014] In the video decoding method and device according to the present disclosure, the bitstream may further include restriction number information indicating the number of restriction entries signaled.

[0015] In the video decoding method and device according to the present disclosure, at least one of the AI ​​usage constraint information, the context presence flag, or the context information can be signaled from the bitstream based on the constraint number information.

[0016] In the video decoding method and device according to the present disclosure, the context information of the first value may indicate commercial use, the context information of the second value may indicate non-commercial use, the context information of the third value may indicate official government use, and the context information of the fourth value may indicate research and academic use.

[0017] In the video decoding method and device according to the present disclosure, based on the value of the context presence flag being 1, the context information may be signaled from the bitstream, and based on the value of the context presence flag being 0, the context information may not be signaled from the bitstream.

[0018] A video encoding method and device according to the present disclosure may receive a video picture to be encoded, encode the received video picture to generate video information about the video picture, generate AI (Artificial Intelligence) usage constraints, and generate a bitstream including the video information and the AI ​​usage constraints. The AI ​​usage constraints may include at least one of AI usage constraint information indicating constraints on AI usage, a context presence flag indicating whether context information about the AI ​​usage constraint information exists, or the context information indicating a context for the AI ​​usage constraint information. The AI ​​usage constraints may be encoded in a network abstraction layer (NAL) unit of the bitstream.

[0019] A computer-readable digital storage medium is provided, which stores encoded video / image information that causes a decoding device according to the present disclosure to perform a video decoding method.

[0020] A computer-readable digital storage medium storing video / image information generated by a video encoding method according to the present disclosure is provided.

[0021] A method and device for transmitting video / image information generated by a video encoding method according to the present disclosure are provided.

[0022] According to the present disclosure, by defining content usage information, it is possible to easily check restrictions and recommendations for content usage applied to a bitstream.

[0023] According to the present disclosure, by defining AI usage constraints, it is possible to easily check the constraints on AI usage applied to a bitstream and the context for the constraints.

[0024] FIG. 1 illustrates a video / image coding system according to the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an encoding device to which an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied and in which encoding of a video / image signal is performed.

[0026] FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a decoding device to which an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied and in which decoding of a video / image signal is performed.

[0027] FIG. 4 illustrates a method for restoring a video picture performed in a decoding device (300) according to the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic configuration of a decoding device (300) that performs a method for restoring a video picture according to the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 6 illustrates a method for generating a bitstream performed in an encoding device (200) according to the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic configuration of an encoding device (200) that performs a method for generating a bitstream according to the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a content streaming system to which embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0032] The present disclosure may be modified in various ways and encompasses numerous embodiments. Specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the detailed description. However, this is not intended to limit the present disclosure to specific embodiments, but rather to encompass all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and technical scope of the present disclosure. Similar reference numerals have been used to designate similar components throughout the description of each drawing.

[0033] While terms such as "first" and "second" may be used to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used solely to distinguish one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, a first component could be referred to as a "second component," and similarly, a second component could also be referred to as a "first component." The term "and / or" includes a combination of multiple related items described herein or any of multiple related items described herein.

[0034] When a component is referred to as being "connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that it may be directly connected or connected to that other component, but that there may be other components intervening. Conversely, when a component is referred to as being "directly connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that there are no other components intervening.

[0035] The terminology used in this application is only used to describe specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this application, it should be understood that the terms "comprise" or "have" indicate the presence of a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0036] The present disclosure relates to video / image coding. For example, the methods / embodiments disclosed in this specification can be applied to methods disclosed in the versatile video coding (VVC) standard. In addition, the methods / embodiments disclosed in this specification can be applied to methods disclosed in the essential video coding (EVC) standard, the AOMedia Video 1 (AV1) standard, the second generation of audio video coding standard (AVS2), or the next generation of video / image coding standards (e.g., H.267 or H.268).

[0037] This specification presents various embodiments of video / image coding, and unless otherwise stated, the embodiments may be performed in combination with each other.

[0038] In this specification, a video may refer to a set of images over time. A picture generally refers to a unit representing one image at a specific time point, and a slice / tile is a unit that constitutes part of a picture in coding. A slice / tile may include one or more coding tree units (CTUs). A picture may be composed of one or more slices / tiles. A tile is a rectangular area consisting of multiple CTUs within a specific tile column and a specific tile row of a picture. A tile column is a rectangular area of ​​CTUs that has a height equal to the height of the picture and a width specified by the syntax requirements of the picture parameter set. A tile row is a rectangular area of ​​CTUs that has a height specified by the picture parameter set and a width equal to the width of the picture. CTUs within a tile are arranged consecutively according to the CTU raster scan, while tiles within a picture may be arranged consecutively according to the tile raster scan. A slice may contain an integer number of complete tiles or an integer number of contiguous complete CTU rows within a picture, which may be exclusively contained within a single NAL unit. Meanwhile, a picture may be divided into two or more subpictures. A subpicture may be a rectangular region of one or more slices within a picture.

[0039] A pixel, or pel, can refer to the smallest unit that constitutes a picture (or image). Additionally, the term "sample" can be used as a counterpart to a pixel. A sample can generally represent a pixel or a pixel value, and can represent only the pixel / pixel value of the luminance component, or only the pixel / pixel value of the chrominance component.

[0040] A unit may represent a basic unit of image processing. A unit may include at least one of a specific region of a picture and information related to the region. One unit may include one luma block and two chroma (e.g., cb, cr) blocks. In some cases, the term "unit" may be used interchangeably with terms such as "block" or "area." In general, an MxN block may include a set (or array) of samples (or sample array) or transform coefficients consisting of M columns and N rows.

[0041] As used herein, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, as used herein, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, as used herein, "A, B or C" can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0042] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0043] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted identically to "at least one of A and B".

[0044] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0045] Additionally, parentheses used herein may mean "for example." Specifically, when "prediction (intra-prediction)" is indicated, "intra-prediction" may be suggested as an example of "prediction." In other words, "prediction" in this specification is not limited to "intra-prediction," and "intra-prediction" may be suggested as an example of "prediction." Furthermore, even when "prediction (i.e., intra-prediction)" is indicated, "intra-prediction" may be suggested as an example of "prediction."

[0046] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0047] FIG. 1 illustrates a video / image coding system according to the present disclosure.

[0048] Referring to FIG. 1, a video / image coding system may include a first device (source device) and a second device (receiving device).

[0049] A source device can transmit encoded video / image information or data to a receiving device via a digital storage medium or a network in the form of a file or streaming. The source device may include a video source, an encoding device, and a transmitting device. The receiving device may include a receiving device, a decoding device, and a renderer. The encoding device may be referred to as a video / image encoding device, and the decoding device may be referred to as a video / image decoding device. The transmitter may be included in the encoding device. The receiver may be included in the decoding device. The renderer may include a display unit, and the display unit may be configured as a separate device or an external component.

[0050] A video source may obtain video / images through a process of capturing, synthesizing, or generating video / images. The video source may include a video / image capture device and / or a video / image generation device. The video / image capture device may include one or more cameras, a video / image archive containing previously captured video / images, etc. The video / image generation device may include a computer, a tablet, a smartphone, etc., and may (electronically) generate video / images. For example, a virtual video / image may be generated through a computer, etc., in which case the video / image capture process may be replaced by a process of generating related data.

[0051] An encoding device can encode input video / images. The encoding device can perform a series of procedures, such as prediction, transformation, and quantization, to improve compression and coding efficiency. The encoded data (encoded video / image information) can be output in the form of a bitstream.

[0052] The transmission unit can transmit encoded video / image information or data output in the form of a bitstream to the receiving unit of a receiving device via a digital storage medium or network in the form of a file or streaming. The digital storage medium can include various storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, SSD, etc. The transmission unit can include an element for generating a media file via a predetermined file format and an element for transmission via a broadcasting / communication network. The receiving unit can receive / extract the bitstream and transmit it to a decoding device.

[0053] The decoding device can decode the video / image by performing a series of procedures such as inverse quantization, inverse transformation, and prediction corresponding to the operation of the encoding device.

[0054] The renderer can render decoded video / images. The rendered video / images can be displayed through the display unit.

[0055] FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an encoding device to which an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied and in which encoding of a video / image signal is performed.

[0056] Referring to FIG. 2, the encoding device (200) may be configured to include an image partitioner (210), a prediction unit (predictor) 220, a residual processor (residual processor) 230, an entropy encoder (entropy encoder) 240, an adder (adder) 250, a filter (filter) 260, and a memory (memory) 270. The prediction unit (220) may include an inter prediction unit (221) and an intra prediction unit (222). The residual processor (230) may include a transformer (transformer) 232, a quantizer (quantizer) 233, a dequantizer (dequantizer) 234, and an inverse transformer (inverse transformer) 235. The residual processing unit (230) may further include a subtractor (231). The addition unit (250) may be called a reconstructor or a recontructed block generator. The image segmentation unit (210), the prediction unit (220), the residual processing unit (230), the entropy encoding unit (240), the addition unit (250), and the filtering unit (260) described above may be configured by one or more hardware components (e.g., an encoding device chipset or processor) according to an embodiment. In addition, the memory (270) may include a decoded picture buffer (DPB) and may be configured by a digital storage medium. The hardware component may further include the memory (270) as an internal / external component.

[0057] The image segmentation unit (210) can segment an input image (or picture, frame) input to the encoding device (200) into one or more processing units. For example, the processing unit may be called a coding unit (CU). In this case, the coding unit may be recursively segmented from a coding tree unit (CTU) or a largest coding unit (LCU) according to a QTBTTT (Quad-tree binary-tree ternary-tree) structure.

[0058] For example, a single coding unit may be split into multiple coding units with deeper depths based on a quad-tree structure, a binary tree structure, and / or a ternary structure. In this case, for example, the quad-tree structure may be applied first, and the binary tree structure and / or the ternary structure may be applied later. Alternatively, the binary tree structure may be applied before the quad-tree structure. The coding procedure according to the present specification may be performed based on the final coding unit that is no longer split. In this case, based on coding efficiency according to image characteristics, etc., the largest coding unit may be used directly as the final coding unit, or, if necessary, the coding unit may be recursively split into coding units of lower depths, and the coding unit with the optimal size may be used as the final coding unit. Here, the coding procedure may include procedures such as prediction, transformation, and restoration, which will be described later.

[0059] As another example, the processing unit may further include a prediction unit (PU) or a transform unit (TU). In this case, the prediction unit and the transform unit may each be split or partitioned from the final coding unit described above. The prediction unit may be a unit of sample prediction, and the transform unit may be a unit for deriving a transform coefficient and / or a unit for deriving a residual signal from a transform coefficient.

[0060] The term "unit" may be used interchangeably with terms such as "block" or "area" depending on the case. In general, an MxN block can represent a set of samples or transform coefficients consisting of M columns and N rows. A sample can generally represent a pixel or a pixel value, and can represent only the pixel / pixel value of the luminance component, or only the pixel / pixel value of the chrominance component. A sample can be used as a term corresponding to a pixel or pel in a picture (or image).

[0061] The encoding device (200) can generate a residual signal (residual block, residual sample array) by subtracting a prediction signal (prediction block, prediction sample array) output from an inter prediction unit (221) or an intra prediction unit (222) from an input video signal (original block, original sample array), and the generated residual signal is transmitted to a conversion unit (232). In this case, a unit that subtracts a prediction signal (prediction block, prediction sample array) from an input video signal (original block, original sample array) within the encoding device (200) may be called a subtraction unit (231).

[0062] The prediction unit (220) can perform a prediction on a block to be processed (hereinafter, referred to as a current block) and generate a predicted block including prediction samples for the current block. The prediction unit (220) can determine whether intra prediction or inter prediction is applied on a current block or CU basis. The prediction unit (220) can generate various information related to prediction, such as prediction mode information, as described later in the description of each prediction mode, and transmit the information to the entropy encoding unit (240). The information related to prediction can be encoded by the entropy encoding unit (240) and output in the form of a bitstream.

[0063] The intra prediction unit (222) can predict the current block by referring to samples in the current picture. The referenced samples may be located in the neighborhood of the current block, or may be located a certain distance away from the current block, depending on the prediction mode. In intra prediction, the prediction modes may include one or more non-directional modes and multiple directional modes. The non-directional mode may include at least one of a DC mode or a planar mode. The directional mode may include 33 directional modes or 65 directional modes depending on the degree of detail in the prediction direction. However, this is only an example, and a greater or lesser number of directional modes may be used depending on the settings. The intra prediction unit (222) may also determine the prediction mode applied to the current block by using the prediction mode applied to the neighboring blocks.

[0064] The inter prediction unit (221) can derive a prediction block for the current block based on a reference block (reference sample array) specified by a motion vector on a reference picture. At this time, in order to reduce the amount of motion information transmitted in the inter prediction mode, the motion information can be predicted in units of blocks, subblocks, or samples based on the correlation of motion information between neighboring blocks and the current block. The motion information can include a motion vector and a reference picture index. The motion information can further include inter prediction direction information (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.). In the case of inter prediction, the neighboring block can include a spatial neighboring block existing in the current picture and a temporal neighboring block existing in the reference picture. The reference picture including the reference block and the reference picture including the temporal neighboring block may be the same or different. The above temporal neighboring blocks may be called collocated reference blocks, collocated CUs (colCUs), etc., and the reference pictures including the temporal neighboring blocks may be called collocated pictures (colPic). For example, the inter prediction unit (221) may construct a motion information candidate list based on the neighboring blocks, and generate information indicating which candidate is used to derive the motion vector and / or reference picture index of the current block. Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes, and for example, in the case of skip mode and merge mode, the inter prediction unit (221) may use the motion information of the neighboring blocks as the motion information of the current block. In the case of skip mode, unlike the merge mode, a residual signal may not be transmitted.In the motion vector prediction (MVP) mode, the motion vector of the surrounding blocks is used as a motion vector predictor, and the motion vector of the current block can be indicated by signaling the motion vector difference.

[0065] The prediction unit (220) can generate a prediction signal based on various prediction methods described below. For example, the prediction unit can apply intra prediction or inter prediction for prediction of a single block, and can also apply intra prediction and inter prediction simultaneously. This can be called combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP) mode. In addition, the prediction unit can be based on an intra block copy (IBC) prediction mode or a palette mode for prediction of a block. The IBC prediction mode or palette mode can be used for content image / video coding such as games, such as screen content coding (SCC). IBC basically performs prediction within the current picture, but can be performed similarly to inter prediction in that it derives a reference block within the current picture. That is, IBC can utilize at least one of the inter prediction techniques described herein. Palette mode can be viewed as an example of intra coding or intra prediction. When the palette mode is applied, sample values ​​within a picture can be signaled based on information about the palette table and palette index. The prediction signal generated through the prediction unit (220) can be used to generate a restoration signal or a residual signal.

[0066] The transform unit (232) can apply a transform technique to the residual signal to generate transform coefficients. For example, the transform technique can include at least one of a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), a Discrete Sine Transform (DST), a Karhunen-Loeve Transform (KLT), a Graph-Based Transform (GBT), or a Conditionally Non-linear Transform (CNT). Here, GBT refers to a transform obtained from a graph when the relationship information between pixels is expressed as a graph. CNT refers to a transform obtained based on generating a prediction signal using all previously restored pixels. In addition, the transform process can be applied to a pixel block having a square size and the same size, or can be applied to a block of a non-square variable size.

[0067] The quantization unit (233) quantizes the transform coefficients and transmits them to the entropy encoding unit (240), and the entropy encoding unit (240) can encode the quantized signal (information about the quantized transform coefficients) and output it as a bitstream. The information about the quantized transform coefficients can be called residual information. The quantization unit (233) can rearrange the quantized transform coefficients in a block form into a one-dimensional vector form based on the coefficient scan order, and can also generate information about the quantized transform coefficients based on the quantized transform coefficients in the one-dimensional vector form.

[0068] The entropy encoding unit (240) can perform various encoding methods such as exponential Golomb, context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC), context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC), etc. The entropy encoding unit (240) can also encode information necessary for video / image restoration (e.g., values ​​of syntax elements, etc.) together or separately from quantized transform coefficients.

[0069] Encoded information (e.g., encoded video / image information) can be transmitted or stored in the form of a bitstream in units of NAL (network abstraction layer) units. The video / image information may further include information on various parameter sets, such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS). In addition, the video / image information may further include general constraint information. In the present specification, information and / or syntax elements transmitted / signaled from an encoding device to a decoding device may be included in the video / image information. The video / image information may be encoded through the above-described encoding procedure and included in the bitstream. The bitstream may be transmitted via a network or stored in a digital storage medium. Here, the network may include a broadcasting network and / or a communication network, and the digital storage medium may include various storage media, such as a USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, or SSD. The signal output from the entropy encoding unit (240) may be configured as an internal / external element of the encoding device (200) by a transmitting unit (not shown) and / or a storing unit (not shown), or the transmitting unit may be included in the entropy encoding unit (240).

[0070] The quantized transform coefficients output from the quantization unit (233) can be used to generate a prediction signal. For example, by applying inverse quantization and inverse transformation to the quantized transform coefficients through the inverse quantization unit (234) and the inverse transform unit (235), a residual signal (residual block or residual samples) can be restored. The addition unit (250) can generate a reconstructed signal (reconstructed picture, reconstructed block, reconstructed sample array) by adding the reconstructed residual signal to the prediction signal output from the inter prediction unit (221) or the intra prediction unit (222). When there is no residual for the block to be processed, such as when skip mode is applied, the predicted block can be used as a reconstructed block. The addition unit (250) may be called a restoration unit or a reconstructed block generation unit. The generated restoration signal can be used for intra prediction of the next processing target block within the current picture, and can also be used for inter prediction of the next picture after filtering as described below. Meanwhile, LMCS (luma mapping with chroma scaling) may be applied during the picture encoding and / or restoration process.

[0071] The filtering unit (260) can improve subjective / objective picture quality by applying filtering to the restoration signal. For example, the filtering unit (260) can apply various filtering methods to the restoration picture to generate a modified restoration picture, and store the modified restoration picture in the memory (270), specifically, in the DPB of the memory (270). The various filtering methods can include deblocking filtering, sample adaptive offset, adaptive loop filter, bilateral filter, etc. The filtering unit (260) can generate various information regarding filtering and transmit it to the entropy encoding unit (240). The information regarding filtering can be encoded by the entropy encoding unit (240) and output in the form of a bitstream.

[0072] The modified restored picture transmitted to the memory (270) can be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit (221). Through this, when inter prediction is applied, the encoding device can avoid prediction mismatch between the encoding device (200) and the decoding device, and can also improve encoding efficiency.

[0073] The DPB of the memory (270) can store the modified restored picture to be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit (221). The memory (270) can store motion information of a block from which motion information is derived (or encoded) within the current picture and / or motion information of blocks within a picture that has already been restored. The stored motion information can be transferred to the inter prediction unit (221) to be used as motion information of a spatial neighboring block or motion information of a temporal neighboring block. The memory (270) can store restored samples of restored blocks within the current picture and transfer them to the intra prediction unit (222).

[0074] FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a decoding device to which an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied and in which decoding of a video / image signal is performed.

[0075] Referring to FIG. 3, the decoding device (300) may be configured to include an entropy decoder (310), a residual processor (320), a predictor (330), an adder (340), a filter (350), and a memory (360). The predictor (330) may include an inter-prediction unit (332) and an intra-prediction unit (331). The residual processor (320) may include a dequantizer (321) and an inverse transformer (321).

[0076] The entropy decoding unit (310), residual processing unit (320), prediction unit (330), addition unit (340), and filtering unit (350) described above may be configured by a single hardware component (e.g., a decoding device chipset or processor) depending on the embodiment. In addition, the memory (360) may include a decoded picture buffer (DPB) and may be configured by a digital storage medium. The hardware component may further include the memory (360) as an internal / external component.

[0077] When a bitstream including video / image information is input, the decoding device (300) can restore the image corresponding to the process in which the video / image information is processed in the encoding device of FIG. 2. For example, the decoding device (300) can derive units / blocks based on block division-related information obtained from the bitstream. The decoding device (300) can perform decoding using a processing unit applied in the encoding device. Accordingly, the processing unit of decoding may be a coding unit, and the coding unit may be divided from a coding tree unit or a maximum coding unit according to a quad tree structure, a binary tree structure, and / or a ternary tree structure. One or more transform units may be derived from the coding unit. Then, the restored image signal decoded and output through the decoding device (300) can be reproduced through a reproduction device.

[0078] The decoding device (300) can receive a signal output from the encoding device of FIG. 2 in the form of a bitstream, and the received signal can be decoded through the entropy decoding unit (310). For example, the entropy decoding unit (310) can parse the bitstream to derive information (e.g., video / image information) necessary for image restoration (or picture restoration). The video / image information may further include information on various parameter sets, such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS). In addition, the video / image information may further include general constraint information. The decoding device can decode the picture further based on the information on the parameter set and / or the general constraint information. The signaling / received information and / or syntax elements described later in this specification can be decoded through the decoding procedure and obtained from the bitstream. For example, the entropy decoding unit (310) can decode information in a bitstream based on a coding method such as exponential Golomb coding, CAVLC, or CABAC, and output the values ​​of syntax elements required for image restoration and the quantized values ​​of transform coefficients for residuals. More specifically, the CABAC entropy decoding method receives a bin corresponding to each syntax element in the bitstream, determines a context model using information of the syntax element to be decoded and decoding information of the surrounding and decoding target blocks or information of symbols / bins decoded in the previous step, and predicts the occurrence probability of the bin according to the determined context model to perform arithmetic decoding of the bin to generate a symbol corresponding to the value of each syntax element.At this time, the CABAC entropy decoding method can update the context model using the information of the decoded symbol / bin for the context model of the next symbol / bin after determining the context model. Information regarding prediction among the information decoded by the entropy decoding unit (310) is provided to the prediction unit (inter prediction unit (332) and intra prediction unit (331)), and residual values ​​on which entropy decoding is performed by the entropy decoding unit (310), i.e., quantized transform coefficients and related parameter information, can be input to the residual processing unit (320). The residual processing unit (320) can derive a residual signal (residual block, residual samples, residual sample array). In addition, information regarding filtering among the information decoded by the entropy decoding unit (310) can be provided to the filtering unit (350). Meanwhile, a receiving unit (not shown) that receives a signal output from an encoding device may be further configured as an internal / external element of a decoding device (300), or the receiving unit may be a component of an entropy decoding unit (310).

[0079] Meanwhile, a decoding device according to the present specification may be called a video / video / picture decoding device, and the decoding device may be divided into an information decoding device (video / video / picture information decoding device) and a sample decoding device (video / video / picture sample decoding device). The information decoding device may include the entropy decoding unit (310), and the sample decoding device may include at least one of the inverse quantization unit (321), the inverse transformation unit (322), the addition unit (340), the filtering unit (350), the memory (360), the inter prediction unit (332), and the intra prediction unit (331).

[0080] The inverse quantization unit (321) can inverse quantize the quantized transform coefficients and output the transform coefficients. The inverse quantization unit (321) can rearrange the quantized transform coefficients into a two-dimensional block form. In this case, the rearrangement can be performed based on the coefficient scanning order performed in the encoding device. The inverse quantization unit (321) can perform inverse quantization on the quantized transform coefficients using quantization parameters (e.g., quantization step size information) and obtain transform coefficients.

[0081] In the inverse transform unit (322), the transform coefficients are inversely transformed to obtain a residual signal (residual block, residual sample array).

[0082] The prediction unit (320) can perform a prediction on the current block and generate a predicted block including prediction samples for the current block. The prediction unit (320) can determine whether intra-prediction or inter-prediction is applied to the current block based on the information regarding the prediction output from the entropy decoding unit (310), and can determine a specific intra / inter-prediction mode.

[0083] The prediction unit (320) can generate a prediction signal based on various prediction methods described below. For example, the prediction unit (320) can apply intra prediction or inter prediction for prediction of a single block, and can also apply intra prediction and inter prediction simultaneously. This can be called combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP) mode. In addition, the prediction unit can be based on an intra block copy (IBC) prediction mode or a palette mode for prediction of a block. The IBC prediction mode or palette mode can be used for content image / video coding such as games, such as screen content coding (SCC). IBC basically performs prediction within the current picture, but can be performed similarly to inter prediction in that it derives a reference block within the current picture. That is, IBC can utilize at least one of the inter prediction techniques described herein. Palette mode can be viewed as an example of intra coding or intra prediction. When palette mode is applied, information about the palette table and palette index may be included and signaled in the video / image information.

[0084] The intra prediction unit (331) can predict the current block by referring to samples within the current picture. The referenced samples may be located in the neighborhood of the current block, or may be located a certain distance away from the current block, depending on the prediction mode. In intra prediction, the prediction modes may include one or more non-directional modes and multiple directional modes. The intra prediction unit (331) may also determine the prediction mode applied to the current block by using the prediction mode applied to the neighboring blocks.

[0085] The inter prediction unit (332) can derive a prediction block for the current block based on a reference block (reference sample array) specified by a motion vector on a reference picture. At this time, in order to reduce the amount of motion information transmitted in the inter prediction mode, the motion information can be predicted in units of blocks, subblocks, or samples based on the correlation of the motion information between the neighboring blocks and the current block. The motion information can include a motion vector and a reference picture index. The motion information can further include inter prediction direction information (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.). In the case of inter prediction, the neighboring blocks can include spatial neighboring blocks existing in the current picture and temporal neighboring blocks existing in the reference picture. For example, the inter prediction unit (332) can construct a motion information candidate list based on the neighboring blocks, and derive the motion vector and / or reference picture index of the current block based on the received candidate selection information. Inter prediction can be performed based on various prediction modes, and information about the prediction can include information indicating an inter prediction mode for the current block.

[0086] The addition unit (340) can generate a restoration signal (restored picture, restoration block, restoration sample array) by adding the acquired residual signal to the prediction signal (prediction block, prediction sample array) output from the prediction unit (including the inter-prediction unit (332) and / or intra-prediction unit (331)). When there is no residual for the block to be processed, such as when skip mode is applied, the prediction block can be used as the restoration block.

[0087] The addition unit (340) may be referred to as a restoration unit or restoration block generation unit. The generated restoration signal may be used for intra prediction of the next processing target block within the current picture, may be output after filtering as described below, or may be used for inter prediction of the next picture. Meanwhile, LMCS (luma mapping with chroma scaling) may be applied during the picture decoding process.

[0088] The filtering unit (350) can improve subjective / objective image quality by applying filtering to the restored signal. For example, the filtering unit (350) can apply various filtering methods to the restored picture to generate a modified restored picture, and transmit the modified restored picture to the memory (360), specifically, to the DPB of the memory (360). The various filtering methods can include deblocking filtering, sample adaptive offset, adaptive loop filter, bilateral filter, etc.

[0089] The (corrected) reconstructed picture stored in the DPB of the memory (360) can be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit (332). The memory (360) can store motion information of a block from which motion information is derived (or decoded) in the current picture and / or motion information of blocks in a picture that has already been reconstructed. The stored motion information can be transferred to the inter prediction unit (332) to be used as motion information of a spatial neighboring block or motion information of a temporal neighboring block. The memory (360) can store reconstructed samples of reconstructed blocks in the current picture and transfer them to the intra prediction unit (331).

[0090] In this specification, the embodiments described in the filtering unit (260), the inter prediction unit (221), and the intra prediction unit (222) of the encoding device (200) can be applied to the filtering unit (350), the inter prediction unit (332), and the intra prediction unit (331) of the decoding device (300) in the same or corresponding manner, respectively.

[0091] FIG. 4 illustrates a method for restoring a video picture performed in a decoding device (300) according to the present disclosure.

[0092] A bitstream including an encoded video picture can be received (S400).

[0093] The encoded video picture of the bitstream can be restored (S410).

[0094] Video information about an encoded video picture can be extracted from a bitstream. The encoded video picture can be restored based on the extracted video information.

[0095] Example 1

[0096] A bitstream may contain content usage information (CUI). Content usage information relates to how a picture is used, and may include restrictions and recommendations regarding the use of the picture, including the user and intended use. Below, we will examine content usage information in more detail.

[0097] Content usage information may include a CUI cancellation flag (cui_cancel_flag). If cui_cancel_flag is 1, this may indicate that the persistence of previous content usage information is canceled, and if cui_cancel_flag is 0, this may indicate that the content usage information is persisted.

[0098] Content usage information may include a CUI persistence flag (cui_persistence_flag). cui_persistence_flag may indicate the persistence of the content usage information. If cui_persistence_flag is 0, this may indicate that the content usage information applies only to the current picture. If cui_persistence_flag is 1, this may indicate that the content usage information applies to the current picture and all subsequent pictures.

[0099] Below, we will take a closer look at how to configure content usage information.

[0100] content_usage_information(payloadSize) {Descriptor cui_cancel_flag u(1) if (!cui_cancel_flag) {cui_persistence_flag u(1)cui_num_context_minus1 u(8) for (i = 0; i <= cui_num_context_minus1; i++) { cui_context_present_flag[i] u(1)if(cui_context_present_flag[i]) cui_context[i] ue(v) cui_usage_category[i] ue(v) if (cuiForAIFlag[i]) { cui_usage_for_ai[i] ue(v)} if (cuiForEditingFlag[i]) { cui_usage_for_editing[i] ue(v)}}}}

[0101] The context count information (cui_num_context_minus1) can specify the number of context entries. For example, the value obtained by adding 1 to cui_num_context_minus1 can be set as the number of context entries.

[0102] The context presence flag (cui_context_present_flag[i]) can indicate whether the ith context information (cui_context[i]) exists. For example, when cui_context_present_flag[i] is 1, this indicates that the ith cui_context exists, and when cui_context_present_flag[i] is 0, this indicates that the ith cui_context does not exist. When cui_context_present_flag[i] is 0, at least one of the ith category information (cui_usage_category[i]), the ith AI usage restriction information (cui_usage_for_ai[i]), or the ith editing usage restriction information (cui_usage_for_editing[i]) can be applied to all cases regardless of the context.

[0103] cui_context[i] may represent the ith context for at least one of cui_usage_for_ai[i] or cui_usage_for_editing[i]. The value of cui_context may be constrained to be in the range 0 to 3, inclusive. If the value of cui_context is in the range 4 to 65,535, it may be reserved for future use, and decoders of certain specifications should ignore cui_usage_for_editing.

[0104] cui_contextInterpretation0commercial use1non-commercial use2official government use3research and academic use

[0105] cui_usage_category[i] may indicate the ith usage category of the picture as defined in Table 3. If (cui_usage_category[i] & bitMask) is not 0, it may indicate that the usage category corresponding to the bitMask value in Table 3 is included. If cui_usage_category[i] is 0, the usage category may be defined by the application. The value of cui_usage_category[i] may be constrained to be in the range of 0 to 3, inclusive. If the value of cui_usage_category[i] is in the range of 4 to 65,535, it is reserved for future use, and decoders with specific specifications should ignore cui_usage_category[i].

[0106] bitMaskInterpretation0x01AI process usage. This SEI includes information on how associated pictures may be used with AI processes0x02Editing usage. This SEI includes information on how associated pictures may be used for editing or modification purposes

[0107] cuiForAIFlag[i] can specify whether cui_usage_category[i] represents a usage category that includes AI process usage. cuiForEditingFlag[i] can specify whether cui_usage_category[i] represents a usage category that includes AI editing usage. cuiForAIFlag[i] and cuiForEditingFlag[i] can be derived as follows.

[0108] cuiForAIFlag[i] = ( (cui_usage_category[i] & 0x01 ) > 0 ) ? 1 : 0 cuiForEditingFlag[i]= ( ( cui_usage_category[i] & 0x02 ) > 0 ) ? 1:0

[0109] cui_usage_for_ai[i] may represent the ith usage information related to AI as defined in Table 4, if any. If (cui_usage_for_ai[i] & bitMask) is not 0, it may indicate that the usage information corresponding to the bitMask value in Table 4 applies. If cui_usage_for_ai[i] is 0, the usage information may be application-defined. The value of cui_usage_for_ai[i] may be constrained to be in the range of 0 to 7. If the value of cui_usage_for_ai[i] is in the range of 8 to 65,535, it is reserved for future use, and decoders with specific specifications should ignore cui_usage_for_ai[i].

[0110] bitMaskInterpretation0x01Usage information related to AI training; Indicates that pictures related to content usage information may be used for AI training0x02Usage information related to AI inference; Indicates that pictures related to content usage information may be used for AI inference0x04Usage information related to AI synthesis: Indicates that pictures related to content usage information may be used for AI synthesis

[0111] cuiAllowedForAITrainingFlag[i] can specify whether the picture associated with the SEI message is usable for AI training purposes. cuiAllowedForAIInferencingFlag[i] can specify whether the picture associated with the SEI message is usable for AI inference purposes. cuiAllowedForAISynthesisFlag[i] can specify whether the picture associated with the SEI message is usable for AI synthesis purposes. cuiAllowedForAITrainingFlag[i], cuiAllowedForAIInferencingFlag[i], and cuiAllowedForAISynthesisFlag[i] can be derived as follows.

[0112] cuiAllowedForAITrainingFlag[i] = ( (cui_usage_for_ai[i] & 0x01 ) > 0 ) ? 1:0

[0113] cuiAllowedForAIInferenceFlag[i] = ( ( cui_usage_for_ai[i] & 0x02 ) > 0 ) ? 1:0

[0114] cuiAllowedForAISynthesisFlag[i] = ( ( cui_usage_for_ai[i] & 0x04 ) > 0 ) ? 1:0

[0115] cui_usage_for_editing[i] may represent the ith usage information related to editing as defined in Table 5. If (cui_usage_for_editing[i] & bitMask) is not 0, it may indicate that the usage information corresponding to the bitMask value in Table 5 applies. If cui_usage_for_editing[i] is 0, the usage information may be application-defined. The value of cui_usage_for_editing[i] may be constrained to be in the range of 0 to 7. If the value of cui_usage_for_editing[i] is in the range of 8 to 65,535, it is reserved for future use, and decoders with specific specifications should ignore cui_usage_for_editing[i].

[0116] bitMaskInterpretation0x01Usage information related to cropping: Identifies that the picture may be cropped0x02Usage information related to colorization: Identifies that the picture may be colorized0x04Usage information related to masking: Identifies that the picture may be masked

[0117] cuiAllowedForCroppingflag[i] can specify whether the picture associated with the SEI message is available for cropping. cuiAllowedForColorizationFlag[i] can specify whether the picture associated with the SEI message is available for colorization. cuiAllowedForMaskingFlag[i] can specify whether the picture associated with the SEI message is available for masking. cuiAllowedForCroppingflag[i], cuiAllowedForColorizationFlag[i], and cuiAllowedForMaskingFlag[i] can be derived as follows.

[0118] cuiAllowedForCroppingflag[i] = ( (cui_usage_for_editing[i] & 0x01) > 0 ) ? 1:0

[0119] cuiAllowedForColorizationFlag[i] = ( (cui_usage_for_editing[i] & 0x02) > 0 ) ? 1:0

[0120] cuiAllowedForMaskingFlag[i] = ( (cui_usage_for_editing[i] & 0x04) > 0 ) ? 1:0

[0121] content_usage_information(payloadSize) {Descriptor cui_cancel_flag u(1) if (!cui_cancel_flag) {cui_persistence_flag u(1)cui_num_context u(8) for (i = 0; i <= cui_num_context; i++) {If(cui_num_context ) cui_context[i] ue(v) cui_usage_category[i] ue(v) if (cuiForAIFlag[i]) { cui_usage_for_ai[i] ue(v)} if (cuiForEditingFlag[i]) { cui_usage_for_editing[i] ue(v)}}}}

[0122] The context count information (cui_num_context) can specify the number of context entries. For example, the value of cui_num_context can be set to the number of context entries. If the value of cui_num_context is 0, this can indicate that cui_context does not exist. If the value of cui_num_context is 0, the information defined in at least one of cui_usage_category, cui_usage_for_ai, or cui_usage_for_editing can be applied to all cases regardless of context.

[0123] cui_context[i], cui_usage_category[i], cui_usage_for_ai[i], and cui_usage_for_editing[i] are as shown in Table 1.

[0124] content_usage_information(payloadSize) {Descriptor cui_cancel_flag u(1) if (!cui_cancel_flag) {cui_persistence_flag u(1)cui_num_context_minus1 u(8) for (i = 0; i <= cui_num_context_minus1; i++) { cui_context[i] ue(v) cui_usage_category[i] ue(v) if (cuiForAIFlag[i]) { cui_usage_for_ai[i] ue(v)} if (cuiForEditingFlag[i]) { cui_usage_for_editing[i] ue(v)}}}}

[0125] cui_context[i] may represent the ith context for at least one of cui_usage_for_ai[i] or cui_usage_for_editing[i], as defined in Table 8. The value of cui_context may be constrained to be in the range 0 to 3, inclusive. If the value of cui_context is in the range 4 to 65,535, it is reserved for future use, and decoders of certain specifications MUST ignore cui_context.

[0126] cui_contextInterpretation0All contexts1commercial use2non-commercial use3official government use4research and academic use

[0127] cui_num_context_minus1, cui_usage_category[i], cui_usage_for_ai[i], and cui_usage_for_editing[i] in Table 7 are as seen with reference to Table 1.

[0128] content_usage_information(payloadSize) {Descriptor cui_cancel_flag u(1) if (!cui_cancel_flag) {cui_persistence_flag u(1)cui_num_context_minus1 u(8) for (i = 0; i <= cui_num_context_minus1; i++) { cui_context_present_flag[i] u(1)if(cui_context_present_flag[i]) cui_context[i] ue(v) cui_usage[i] ue(v)}}}

[0129] cui_usage[i] can represent the ith usage information defined in Table 10. If (cui_usage[i] & bitMask) is not 0, it can indicate that the usage information corresponding to the bitMask value in Table 10 applies. If cui_usage[i] is 0, the usage information can be defined by the application. The value of cui_usage[i] can be constrained to be in the range of 0 to 63. If the value of cui_usage[i] is in the range of 64 to 65,535, it is reserved for future use, and decoders with specific specifications should ignore cui_usage[i].

[0130] bitMaskInterpretation0x01Usage information related to AI training; Indicates that pictures related to content usage information may be used for AI training0x02Usage information related to AI inference; Indicates that pictures related to content usage information may be used for AI inference0x04Usage information related to AI synthesis: Indicates that pictures related to content usage information may be used for AI synthesis0x08Usage information related to cropping: Identifies that the picture may be cropped0x10Usage information related to colorization: Identifies that the picture may be colorized0x20Usage information related to masking: Identifies that the picture may be masked

[0131] cui_num_context_minus1, cui_context_present_flag[i], and cui_context[i] in Table 9 are as described with reference to Table 1.

[0132] Content usage information can be structured as shown in Table 11 below. cui_num_context, cui_context[i], and cui_usage[i] in Table 11 are the same as previously discussed, and any duplicate explanation will be omitted here.

[0133] content_usage_information(payloadSize) {Descriptor cui_cancel_flag u(1) if (!cui_cancel_flag) {cui_persistence_flag u(1)cui_num_context u(8) for (i = 0; i <= cui_num_context; i++) {if(cui_num_context) cui_context[i] ue(v) cui_usage[i] ue(v)}}}

[0134] Content usage information can be structured as shown in Table 12 below. cui_num_context_minus1, cui_context[i], and cui_usage[i] in Table 12 are as discussed above, and any duplicate explanations will be omitted here.

[0135] content_usage_information(payloadSize) {Descriptor cui_cancel_flag u(1) if (!cui_cancel_flag) {cui_persistence_flag u(1)cui_num_context_minus1 u(8) for (i = 0; i <=cui_num_context_minus1 ; i++) { cui_context[i] ue(v) cui_usage[i] ue(v)}}}

[0136] Content usage information may be structured as shown in Table 13 below.

[0137] content_usage_information(payloadSize) {Descriptorcui_cancel_flagu(1)if(!cui_cancel_flag) {cui_persistence_flagu(1)cui_usage_categoryue(v)if(cuiForAIFlag){cui_usage_for_aiue(v)cui_context_for_ai_present_flagu(1)if(cui_context_for_ai_present_flag)cui_context_f or_aiue(v)}if(cuiForEditingFlag){cui_usage_for_editingue(v)cui_context_for_editing_present_flagu(1)if(cui_context_for_editing_present_flag)cui_context_for_editingue(v)}}}

[0138] cui_usage_category, cui_usage_for_ai, and cui_usage_for_editing in Table 13 are the same as previously discussed, and any duplicate explanations will be omitted here.

[0139] cui_context_for_ai_present_flag can indicate whether context information (cui_context_for_ai) exists for the value of cui_usage_for_ai. For example, if cui_context_for_ai_present_flag is 1, it can indicate that cui_context_for_ai exists, and if cui_context_for_ai_present_flag is 0, it can indicate that cui_context_for_ai does not exist. If cui_context_for_ai_present_flag is 0, the usage information defined in cui_usage_for_ai can be applied to all cases regardless of context.

[0140] cui_context_for_ai can represent the context of cui_usage_for_ai defined in Table 14. If (cui_context_for_ai & bitMask) is not 0, it can indicate that the context corresponding to the bitMask value in Table 14 is applied. If cui_context_for_ai is greater than 0 and (cui_context_for_ai & bitMask) is 0, the context corresponding to the bitMask value may not be applied. cui_context_for_ai can be restricted not to have a value of 0.

[0141] BitmaskInterpretation0x0001commercial use0x0002non-commercial use0x0004official government use0x0004research and academic use0x0008 to 0xFFFFReserved for future use of ITU and ISO

[0142] cui_context_for_editing_present_flag can indicate whether context information (cui_context_for_editing) exists for the value of cui_usage_for_editing. For example, if cui_context_for_editing_present_flag is 1, it can indicate that cui_context_for_editing exists, and if cui_context_for_editing_present_flag is 0, it can indicate that cui_context_for_editing does not exist. If cui_context_for_editing_present_flag is 0, the usage information defined in cui_usage_for_editing can be applied to all cases regardless of context.

[0143] cui_context_for_editing can represent the context of cui_usage_for_editing defined in Table 15. If (cui_context_for_editing & bitMask) is not 0, it can indicate that the context corresponding to the bitMask value in Table 15 is applied. If cui_context_for_editing is greater than 0 and (cui_context_for_editing & bitMask) is 0, the context corresponding to the bitMask value may not be applied. cui_context_for_editing can be restricted not to have a value of 0.

[0144] BitmaskInterpretation0x0001commercial use0x0002non-commercial use0x0004official government use0x0004research and academic use0x0008 to 0xFFFFReserved for future use of ITU and ISO

[0145] Content usage information may be structured as shown in Table 16 below.

[0146] content_usage_information( payloadSize ) {Descriptorcui_cancel_flagu(1)if( !cui_cancel_flag ) {cui_persistence_flagu(1)cui_usage_categoryue(v)if(cuiForAIFlag)cui_usage_for_aiue(v)if(cuiForEditingFlag)cui_usage_for_editingue(v)}}

[0147] The cui_usage_category in Table 16 is as discussed above.

[0148] cui_usage_for_ai can represent AI-related usage information defined in Table 17. If (cui_usage_for_ai & bitMask) is not 0, it can indicate that the usage information corresponding to the bitMask value in Table 17 applies. If cui_usage_for_ai is 0, the usage information can be defined by the application. The value of cui_usage_for_ai can be constrained to be in the range of 0 to 7. If the value of cui_usage_for_ai is in the range of 8 to 65,535, it is reserved for future use, and decoders with certain specifications should ignore cui_usage_for_ai.

[0149] bitMaskInterpretation0x01Usage information related to AI training; Indicates that pictures related to content usage information should not be used for AI training0x02Usage information related to AI inference; Indicates that pictures related to content usage information should not be used for AI inference0x04Usage information related to AI synthesis: Indicates that pictures related to content usage information should not be used for AI synthesis

[0150] cuiDisallowedForAITrainingFlag can specify whether the picture associated with the SEI message is unavailable for AI training purposes. cuiDisallowedForAIInferencingFlag can specify whether the picture associated with the SEI message is unavailable for AI inference purposes. cuiDisallowedForAISynthesisFlag can specify whether the picture associated with the SEI message is unavailable for AI synthesis purposes. cuiDisallowedForAITrainingFlag, cuiDisallowedForAIInferencingFlag, and cuiDisallowedForAISynthesisFlag can be derived as follows.

[0151] cuiDisallowedForAITrainingFlag = ( (cui_usage_for_ai & 0x01 ) > 0 ) ? 1:0

[0152] cuiDisallowedForAIInferenceFlag = ( ( cui_usage_for_ai & 0x02 ) > 0 ) ? 1:0

[0153] cuiDisallowedForAISynthesisFlag = ( ( cui_usage_for_ai & 0x04 ) > 0 ) ? 1:0

[0154] cui_usage_for_editing can represent editing-related usage information as defined in Table 18. If (cui_usage_for_editing & bitMask) is not 0, it can indicate that the usage information corresponding to the bitMask value in Table 18 applies. If cui_usage_for_editing is 0, the usage information can be defined by the application. The value of cui_usage_for_editing can be constrained to be in the range of 0 to 7. If the value of cui_usage_for_editing is in the range of 8 to 65,535, it is reserved for future use, and decoders with certain specifications should ignore cui_usage_for_editing.

[0155] bitMaskInterpretation0x01Usage information related to cropping: Identifies that the picture should not be cropped0x02Usage information related to colorization: Identifies that the picture should not be colorized0x04Usage information related to masking: Identifies that the picture should not be masked

[0156] cuiDisallowedForCroppingFlag can specify whether the picture associated with the SEI message is unavailable for cropping. cuiDisallowedForColorizationFlag can specify whether the picture associated with the SEI message is unavailable for colorization. cuiDisallowedForMaskingFlag can specify whether the picture associated with the SEI message is unavailable for masking. cuiDisallowedForCroppingFlag, cuiDisallowedForColorizationFlag, and cuiDisallowedForMaskingFlag can be derived as follows.

[0157] cuiDisallowedForCroppingflag = ( (cui_usage_for_editing & 0x01 ) > 0 ) ? 1:0

[0158] cuiDisallowedForColorizationFlag = ( ( cui_usage_for_editing & 0x02 ) > 0 ) ? 1:0

[0159] cuiDisallowedForMaskingFlag = ( ( cui_usage_for_editing & 0x04 ) > 0 ) ? 1:0

[0160] The content usage information may be configured in a supplemental enhancement information (SEI) message of the bitstream. The SEI message may be included in a network abstraction layer (NAL) unit of the bitstream. All or part of the content usage information may be configured in an SEI message in which the AI ​​usage restriction information described below is defined. Alternatively, the content usage information according to the present disclosure may be configured in a high level syntax of the bitstream. Here, the high level syntax may be at least one of a sequence parameter set (SPS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a picture header (PH), or a slice header (SH). Alternatively, the content usage information according to the present disclosure may be defined as a separate NAL unit type in the bitstream.

[0161] Example 2

[0162] The bitstream may contain AI usage restrictions (AUR). AI usage restrictions may indicate at least one of the following: usage restrictions for AI applications, optional context, or contact information.

[0163] AI usage constraints may include the AUR cancellation flag (aur_cancel_flag). If aur_cancel_flag is 1, this may indicate that the SEI message cancels the persistence of a previous AI usage constraint in the output order. If aur_cancel_flag is 0, this may indicate that an AI usage constraint follows.

[0164] AI usage constraints can include the AUR persistence flag (aur_persistence_flag). aur_persistence_flag can indicate the persistence of AI usage constraints for the current layer. For example, if aur_persistence_flag is 0, this can indicate that the AI ​​usage constraint applies only to the currently decoded picture. If aur_persistence_flag is 1, this can indicate that the AI ​​usage constraint applies to the currently decoded picture and persists for all subsequent pictures belonging to the current layer.

[0165] AI usage restrictions can include information about the number of restrictions (aur_num_restrictions_minus1). aur_num_restrictions_minus1 can indicate the number of signaled restriction entries. For example, the number of signaled restriction entries can be aur_num_restrictions_minus1 plus 1.

[0166] AI usage restrictions may include AI usage restriction information (aur_restriction). aur_restriction may indicate restrictions or no restrictions on usage for a specific purpose. aur_restriction may be signaled based on aur_num_restrictions_minus1. aur_restriction may be signaled as many times as the number of restriction entries specified by aur_num_restrictions_minus1.

[0167] For example, aur_restriction can be defined as shown in Table 19 below.

[0168] aur_restrictionInterpretation0Do not use for AI training1Do not use for generative (modification or creation) AI2Do not use in any AI application

[0169] If the value of aur_restriction is the first value (for example, if the value of aur_restriction is 0), this may indicate that it is not used (or cannot be used) for AI training. If the value of aur_restriction is the second value (for example, if the value of aur_restriction is 1), this may indicate that it is not used (or cannot be used) for generative AI. If the value of aur_restriction is the third value (for example, if the value of aur_restriction is 2), this may indicate that it is not used (or cannot be used) in any AI application.

[0170] The value of aur_restriction can be constrained to be in the range 0 to 2. If the value of aur_restriction is in the range 3 to 65,535, it is reserved for future use, and decoders of certain specifications should ignore aur_restriction.

[0171] Alternatively, aur_restriction can be defined as shown in Table 20 below.

[0172] aur_restrictionInterpretation0No restriction1Do not use for AI training2Do not use for AI inferencing3Do not use for generative (modification or creation) AI4Do not use in any AI application

[0173] If the value of aur_restriction is the first value (for example, if the value of aur_restriction is 1), this may indicate that it is not used (or cannot be used) for AI training. If the value of aur_restriction is the second value (for example, if the value of aur_restriction is 2), this may indicate that it is not used (or cannot be used) for AI inferencing. If the value of aur_restriction is the third value (for example, if the value of aur_restriction is 3), this may indicate that it is not used (or cannot be used) for generative AI. If the value of aur_restriction is the fourth value (for example, if the value of aur_restriction is 4), this may indicate that it is not used (or cannot be used) in any AI application.

[0174] The value of aur_restriction can be constrained to be in the range 0 to 4. If the value of aur_restriction is in the range 5 to 65,535, it is reserved for future use, and decoders of certain specifications should ignore aur_restriction.

[0175] AI usage constraints may include a context presence flag (aur_context_present_flag). aur_context_present_flag may indicate whether context information (aur_context) exists for the value of aur_restriction. For example, if aur_context_present_flag is 1, it indicates that aur_context exists, and if aur_context_present_flag is 0, it indicates that aur_context does not exist. If aur_context_present_flag is 0, the constraints defined in aur_restriction can be applied in all cases regardless of context. aur_context_present_flag may be signaled based on aur_num_restrictions_minus1. aur_context_present_flag may be signaled as many times as the number of constraint entries according to aur_num_restrictions_minus1.

[0176] AI usage restrictions can include context information (aur_context). aur_context can represent the context for aur_restriction. For example, aur_context can be defined as shown in Table 21.

[0177] BitmaskInterpretation0x0001commercial use0x0002non-commercial use0x0004official government use0x0008research and academic use0x0010 to 0xFFFFReserved for future use of ITU and ISO

[0178] If (aur_context & bitMask) is not 0, this may indicate that the context corresponding to the bitMask value in Table 21 applies. If aur_context is greater than 0 and (aur_context & bitMask) is 0, the context corresponding to the bitMask value may not apply. aur_context may be restricted to not have a value of 0.

[0179] An aur_context can be signaled based on at least one of aur_num_restrictions_minus1 or aur_context_present_flag. An aur_context can be signaled as many times as the number of restriction entries according to aur_num_restrictions_minus1. An aur_context can be signaled based on aur_context_present_flag having a value of 1, or not signaled based on aur_context_present_flag having a value of 0.

[0180] AI usage constraints may include a contact information presence flag (aur_contact_info_present_flag). aur_contact_info_present_flag may indicate whether contact information (aur_contact_info) for the AI ​​usage constraints exists. aur_payload_bit_equal_to_zero must be equal to 0. aur_contact_info may include a string indicating that the contact information for the entity for which additional information can be obtained.

[0181] For example, AI usage constraints can be structured as shown in Table 22 below.

[0182] AI_usage_restrictions ( payloadSize ) {Descriptoraur_cancel_flagu(1)if (!aur_cancel_flag) {aur_persistence_flagu(1)aur_num_restrictions_minus1u(8)for( i = 0; i <= aur_num_restrictions_minus1; i++ ){aur_restrictionue(v)aur_context_present_flagu(1)if (aur_context_present_flag)aur_contextue(v)}aur_contact_info_present_flagu(1)if (aur_contact_info_present_flag) {while (!byte_aligned())aur_payload_bit_equal_to_zerof(1)aur_contact_inpost(v)}}}

[0183] AI usage restrictions may include AI usage restriction information (aur_restriction[i]), where aur_restriction[i] may specify the ith restriction.

[0184] For example, aur_restriction[i] can be defined as shown in Table 23 below.

[0185] BitmaskInterpretation0No restriction1Do not use for AI training2Do not use for generative (modification or creation) AI3Do not use in any AI application4 ~ 255Reserved for future use of ITU and ISO

[0186] If the value of aur_restriction[i] is the first value (for example, if the value of aur_restriction[i] is 1), this may indicate that it is not used (or cannot be used) for AI training. If the value of aur_restriction[i] is the second value (for example, if the value of aur_restriction[i] is 2), this may indicate that it is not used (or cannot be used) for generative AI. If the value of aur_restriction[i] is the third value (for example, if the value of aur_restriction[i] is 3), this may indicate that it is not used (or cannot be used) in any AI application.

[0187] The value of aur_restriction[i] may be constrained to be in the range 0 to 3, inclusive. Values ​​in the range 4 to 255 for aur_restriction[i] may be reserved for future use. A decoder for a particular specification must allow values ​​of aur_restriction[i] in the range 0 to 255, inclusive. aur_restriction[i] may be signaled based on aur_num_restrictions_minus1. aur_restriction[i] may be signaled as many times as there are restriction entries according to aur_num_restrictions_minus1.

[0188] AI usage constraints may include a context presence flag (aur_context_present_flag[i]). aur_context_present_flag[i] may indicate whether context information (aur_context[i]) exists for the value of aur_restriction[i]. For example, if aur_context_present_flag[i] is 1, it indicates that aur_context[i] exists, and if aur_context_present_flag[i] is 0, it indicates that aur_context[i] does not exist. If aur_context_present_flag[i] is 0, the constraint defined in aur_restriction[i] can be applied in all cases regardless of context. aur_context_present_flag[i] may be signaled based on aur_num_restrictions_minus1. aur_context_present_flag[i] can be signaled as many times as the number of restriction entries according to aur_num_restrictions_minus1.

[0189] AI usage constraints can include context information (aur_context[i]). aur_context[i] can represent the context for the ith constraint. For example, aur_context[i] can be defined as shown in Table 24.

[0190] BitmaskInterpretation0x0001commercial use0x0002non-commercial use0x0004official government use0x0008research and academic use0x0010 to 0xFFFFReserved for future use of ITU and ISO

[0191] If (aur_context & bitMask) is not 0, this may indicate that the context corresponding to the bitMask value in Table 24 applies to the ith constraint. If aur_context[i] is greater than 0 and (aur_context[i] & bitMask) is 0, the context corresponding to the bitMask value may or may not apply to the ith constraint.

[0192] The value of aur_context[i] may be constrained to fall in the range 1 to 15. Values ​​in the range 16 to 65,535 for aur_context[i] may be reserved for future use. If the value of aur_context[i] falls in the range 16 to 65,535, a decoder for a particular specification must ignore aur_context[i].

[0193] aur_context[i] can be signaled based on at least one of aur_num_restrictions_minus1 or aur_context_present_flag[i]. aur_context[i] can be signaled as many times as the number of restriction entries according to aur_num_restrictions_minus1. aur_context[i] can be signaled based on the value of aur_context_present_flag[i] being 1, and not signaled based on the value of aur_context_present_flag[i] being 0. For example, AI usage restrictions can be configured as shown in Table 25 below.

[0194] AI_usage_restrictions ( payloadSize ) {Descriptoraur_cancel_flagu(1)if (!aur_cancel_flag) {aur_persistence_flagu(1)aur_num_restrictions_minus1u(8)for( i = 0; i <= aur_num_restrictions_minus1; i++ ){aur_restrictionue(v)aur_context_present_flagu(1)if (aur_context_present_flag)aur_contextue(v)}}}

[0195] The AI ​​usage constraint information may be configured in a supplemental enhancement information (SEI) message of the bitstream. The SEI message may be included in a network abstraction layer (NAL) unit of the bitstream. Alternatively, the AI ​​usage constraint information according to the present disclosure may be configured in a high-level syntax of the bitstream. Here, the high-level syntax may be at least one of a sequence parameter set (SPS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a picture header (PH), or a slice header (SH). Alternatively, the AI ​​usage constraint information according to the present disclosure may be defined as a separate NAL unit type within the bitstream.

[0196] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic configuration of a decoding device (300) that performs a method for restoring a video picture according to the present disclosure.

[0197] Referring to FIG. 5, the decoding device (300) may include a receiving unit (500), a video information extraction unit (510), and a video restoration unit (520).

[0198] The receiving unit (500) can receive a bitstream including an encoded video picture.

[0199] The video information extraction unit (510) can extract video information about an encoded video picture from a bitstream. In addition, the video information extraction unit (710) can extract at least one of content usage information or AI usage constraints from the bitstream, as described with reference to FIG. 4.

[0200] The video restoration unit (520) can restore an encoded video picture based on the extracted video information.

[0201] FIG. 6 illustrates a method for generating a bitstream performed in an encoding device (200) according to the present disclosure.

[0202] A video picture to be encoded can be received (S600).

[0203] The received video picture can be encoded to generate video information about the video picture (S610).

[0204] A bitstream including video information about a video picture can be generated (S420).

[0205] Additionally, at least one of content usage information or AI usage restrictions applied to the bitstream may be generated, as described with reference to FIG. 4. At least one of the generated content usage information or AI usage restrictions may be included in the bitstream.

[0206] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic configuration of an encoding device (200) that performs a method for generating a bitstream according to the present disclosure.

[0207] Referring to FIG. 7, the encoding device (200) may include a receiving unit (700), a video compression unit (710), and a bitstream generation unit (720).

[0208] The receiving unit (700) can receive one or more video pictures to be encoded.

[0209] The video compression unit (710) may encode one or more received video pictures to generate video information about the video pictures. The video compression unit (710) may generate at least one of content usage information or AI usage constraints applied to the bitstream.

[0210] The bitstream generation unit (720) can generate a bitstream including the video information. The bitstream generation unit (720) can further generate a bitstream including at least one of the generated content usage information or AI usage restrictions.

[0211] In the embodiments described above, the methods are described based on a flowchart as a series of steps or blocks. However, the embodiments are not limited to the order of the steps, and some steps may occur in a different order or simultaneously with other steps described above. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the steps depicted in the flowchart are not exclusive, and other steps may be included, or one or more steps in the flowchart may be deleted without affecting the scope of the embodiments of this document.

[0212] The method according to the embodiments of the present document described above can be implemented in the form of software, and the encoding device and / or decoding device according to the present document can be included in a device that performs image processing, such as a TV, a computer, a smartphone, a set-top box, a display device, etc.

[0213] When the embodiments in this document are implemented as software, the above-described method can be implemented as a module (process, function, etc.) that performs the above-described function. The module can be stored in memory and executed by a processor. The memory can be internal or external to the processor and can be connected to the processor by various well-known means. The processor can include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, logic circuit, and / or data processing device. The memory can include a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), flash memory, a memory card, a storage medium, and / or other storage devices. That is, the embodiments described in this document can be implemented and performed on a processor, a microprocessor, a controller, or a chip. For example, the functional units illustrated in each drawing can be implemented and performed on a computer, a processor, a microprocessor, a controller, or a chip. In this case, information for implementation (e.g., information on instructions) or an algorithm can be stored on a digital storage medium.

[0214] In addition, the decoding device and encoding device to which the embodiment(s) of the present specification are applied may be included in a multimedia broadcasting transmitting and receiving device, a mobile communication terminal, a home cinema video device, a digital cinema video device, a surveillance camera, a video conversation device, a real-time communication device such as a video communication, a mobile streaming device, a storage medium, a camcorder, a video-on-demand (VoD) service providing device, an OTT (Over the top video) device, an Internet streaming service providing device, a three-dimensional (3D) video device, a VR (virtual reality) device, an AR (argumente reality) device, a video phone video device, a transportation terminal (ex. a vehicle (including an autonomous vehicle) terminal, an airplane terminal, a ship terminal, etc.), and a medical video device, and may be used to process a video signal or a data signal. For example, the OTT (Over the top video) device may include a game console, a Blu-ray player, an Internet-connected TV, a home theater system, a smartphone, a tablet PC, a DVR (Digital Video Recorder), etc.

[0215] In addition, the processing method to which the embodiment(s) of the present specification are applied can be produced in the form of a computer-executable program and can be stored in a computer-readable recording medium. Multimedia data having a data structure according to the embodiment(s) of the present specification can also be stored in a computer-readable recording medium. The computer-readable recording medium includes all types of storage devices and distributed storage devices in which computer-readable data is stored. The computer-readable recording medium can include, for example, a Blu-ray disc (BD), a universal serial bus (USB), a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM, a RAM, a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, and an optical data storage device. In addition, the computer-readable recording medium includes a medium implemented in the form of a carrier wave (e.g., transmission via the Internet). In addition, a bitstream generated by an encoding method can be stored in a computer-readable recording medium or transmitted via a wired or wireless communication network.

[0216] Additionally, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented as a computer program product by program code, and the program code may be executed on a computer by the embodiments of the present disclosure. The program code may be stored on a computer-readable carrier.

[0217] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a content streaming system to which embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0218] Referring to FIG. 8, a content streaming system to which the embodiment(s) of the present specification are applied may largely include an encoding server, a streaming server, a web server, a media storage, a user device, and a multimedia input device.

[0219] The encoding server compresses content input from multimedia input devices such as smartphones, cameras, and camcorders into digital data, generates a bitstream, and transmits it to the streaming server. Alternatively, if multimedia input devices such as smartphones, cameras, and camcorders directly generate bitstreams, the encoding server may be omitted.

[0220] The above bitstream can be generated by an encoding method or a bitstream generation method to which the embodiment(s) of the present specification are applied, and the streaming server can temporarily store the bitstream during the process of transmitting or receiving the bitstream.

[0221] The streaming server transmits multimedia data to a user device based on a user request via a web server, and the web server acts as an intermediary to inform the user of available services. When a user requests a desired service from the web server, the web server transmits the request to the streaming server, and the streaming server transmits the multimedia data to the user. At this time, the content streaming system may include a separate control server, in which case the control server controls commands / responses between each device within the content streaming system.

[0222] The streaming server can receive content from a media repository and / or an encoding server. For example, when receiving content from the encoding server, the content can be received in real time. In this case, to provide a smooth streaming service, the streaming server can store the bitstream for a certain period of time.

[0223] Examples of the user devices may include mobile phones, smart phones, laptop computers, digital broadcasting terminals, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable multimedia players (PMPs), navigation devices, slate PCs, tablet PCs, ultrabooks, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses, HMDs), digital TVs, desktop computers, digital signage, etc.

[0224] Each server within the above content streaming system can be operated as a distributed server, in which case data received from each server can be processed in a distributed manner.

[0225] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

A step of receiving a bitstream including an encoded video picture; and A step of restoring an encoded video picture included in the above bitstream, The above bitstream includes restrictions on the use of AI (Artificial Intelligence), The AI ​​usage restrictions include at least one of AI usage restriction information indicating restrictions on AI usage, a context presence flag indicating whether context information for the AI ​​usage restriction information exists, or the context information indicating a context for the AI ​​usage restriction information. A method in which the above AI usage restrictions are obtained from a NAL (network abstraction layer) unit of the bitstream. In the first paragraph, A method in which the value of the above AI usage restriction information is restricted to fall within the range of 0 to 3. In the second paragraph, The above AI usage restriction information of the first value indicates that it cannot be used for AI training, The above AI usage restriction information of the second value indicates that it cannot be used for generative AI, A method for indicating that the AI ​​usage restriction information of the third value cannot be used in any AI application. In the third paragraph, A method wherein a smaller value is assigned to the AI ​​usage restriction information indicating that the AI ​​cannot be used for AI training than to the AI ​​usage restriction information indicating that the AI ​​cannot be used for the generative AI. In the first paragraph, A method wherein the bitstream further includes restriction count information indicating the number of restriction entries being signaled. In paragraph 5, A method wherein at least one of the AI ​​usage constraint information, the context presence flag, or the context information is signaled from the bitstream based on the constraint count information. In the first paragraph, The context information of the first value indicates commercial use, The above context of the second value indicates that the information is for non-commercial use, The above context information of the third value indicates official government use (official government use), The above context information of the fourth value is a method representing research and academic use. In the first paragraph, Based on the value of the context presence flag being 1, the context information is signaled from the bitstream, A method in which the context information is not signaled from the bitstream based on the value of the context presence flag being 0. A step of receiving a video picture to be encoded; A step of encoding the received video picture to generate video information about the video picture; Steps to create restrictions on the use of AI (Artificial Intelligence); and Including a step of generating a bitstream including the above video information and the above AI usage constraints, The AI ​​usage restrictions include at least one of AI usage restriction information indicating restrictions on AI usage, a context presence flag indicating whether context information for the AI ​​usage restriction information exists, or the context information indicating a context for the AI ​​usage restriction information. The above AI usage restrictions are encoded in the NAL (network abstraction layer) unit of the bitstream. A computer-readable storage medium storing a bitstream generated by the method according to claim 9. A step of generating a bitstream; wherein the bitstream is generated based on the steps of: receiving a video picture to be encoded; encoding the received video picture to generate video information about the video picture; and generating AI (Artificial Intelligence) usage constraints. Including a step of transmitting data including the above bitstream, The AI ​​usage restrictions include at least one of AI usage restriction information indicating restrictions on AI usage, a context presence flag indicating whether context information for the AI ​​usage restriction information exists, or the context information indicating a context for the AI ​​usage restriction information. The above AI usage restrictions are encoded in the NAL (network abstraction layer) unit of the bitstream.

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