Signal transmission method, apparatus, reading device, device and medium

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a signal transmission method, an apparatus, a reading device, a device and a medium. The method comprises: a reading device generates an R2D signal from the reading device to an ambient Internet of Things (A-IOT) device by means of determined chip-related information, and sends the R2D signal to an A-IOT device, the R2D signal comprising at least one OFDM symbol, and the R2D signal further comprising at least one of the following: a chip carrying information, a chip carrying no information or carrying new information, and a cyclic prefix, which are in the OFDM symbol. Thus, the R2D signal uses an OFDM waveform and can be multiplexed with NR information transmission, and, by means of the chips comprised in the R2D signal, the A-IOT device can correctly parse R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal, thereby avoiding parsing errors resulting from additional rising / falling edges caused by the cyclic prefix.

Description

A signal transmission method and device, a reading device, a device and a medium

[0001] Cross-reference to Related Applications

[0002] The present disclosure claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202411015787.9, filed on July 26, 2024, entitled "A signal transmission method and device, a reading device, a device and a medium", the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of communication technology, in particular to a signal transmission method and device, a reading device, a device and a medium. BACKGROUND

[0004] Unlike terminals in New Radio (NR), the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) defines a new type of Internet of Things (IoT) device: Ambient IoT (A-IoT) device, which is used for low-end IoT devices with low complexity, low cost and low power consumption. A-IoT devices do not have or only have limited power supply, and have the characteristics of low energy consumption and low cost. A-IoT includes three types of devices, Device A, B and C, among which Device A / B has no battery but has limited power supply and cannot actively communicate, but only performs backscattering on the received signal to carry information, that is, Device A / B is a passive IoT device with energy harvesting function. Device C can actively send signals. The reading device Reader (base station / intermediate node) can send signals to A-IoT devices, and due to the low power consumption and low complexity of A-IoT devices, the waveform of the downlink signal from the reading device to the A-IoT device needs to be properly designed to achieve downlink signal transmission and coexist with the existing NR system downlink signal in the same frequency.

[0005] Currently, A-IoT devices need to remove the Cyclic prefix (CP) before analyzing the R2D signal, however, due to the extremely low power consumption of A-IoT devices, the time domain deviation of the received signal is large, and A-IoT system is an asynchronous communication system, which cannot be well synchronized, so it is not possible to accurately remove the CP, resulting in incorrect R2D information analyzed by the A-IoT device. SUMMARY

[0006] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a signal transmission method, device, reading device, equipment and medium, which solves the problem that the current A-IoT device cannot accurately remove the CP, resulting in incorrect R2D information.

[0007] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a signal transmission method, applied to a reading device, comprising:

[0008] determining chip-related information;

[0009] generating a reading device to environment Internet of Things device (R2D) signal based on the chip-related information, the R2D signal comprising at least one OFDM symbol, wherein the R2D signal comprises at least one of the following: chips carrying information within the OFDM symbol, chips not carrying information or carrying new information, and a cyclic prefix;

[0010] sending the R2D signal to the environment Internet of Things device.

[0011] In some embodiments, the method further comprises indicating the chip-related information to the device.

[0012] In some embodiments, indicating the chip-related information to the device comprises:

[0013] sending a preamble signal to the terminal, and indicating the chip-related information in the preamble signal.

[0014] In some embodiments, each OFDM symbol corresponds to a plurality of chips, and each chip corresponds to the same chip length.

[0015] In some embodiments, the number of the plurality of chips is even, and the plurality of chips are divided into two categories, a first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or encoded bits of the information bits, and each chip in a second chip category is associated with a level value, and the level value is the same as that associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0016] In some embodiments, the number of the plurality of chips is odd, and the plurality of chips are divided into two categories, a first chip category contains an even number of chips for data transmission associated with information bits or encoded bits of the information bits, and a second chip category contains one chip, and the level value associated with the chip in the second chip category is the same as that associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0017] In some embodiments, the at least one OFDM symbol is divided into two categories, a first OFDM category contains OFDM symbols corresponding to a first number of chips, and a second OFDM category contains OFDM symbols corresponding to a second number of chips, and the first number is less than the second number.

[0018] In some embodiments, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM classification comprises a plurality of chips, each chip in the plurality of chips has a same length, and the plurality of chips are associated with a level value of a plurality of encoded bits of the information bits;

[0019] each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM classification comprises a plurality of chips, the plurality of chips are divided into two classifications, a first chip classification is used for associating the information bits or the encoded bits of the information bits for data transmission, and each chip in a second chip classification is associated with a level value, the level value is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip classification.

[0020] In some embodiments, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM classification comprises an odd number of chips, the odd number of chips are divided into two classifications, a first chip classification is used for associating the information bits or the encoded bits of the information bits for data transmission, and a second chip classification comprises one chip, the chip in the second chip classification is associated with a level value, the level value is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip classification.

[0021] each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM classification comprises an even number of chips, the even number of chips are divided into two classifications, a first chip classification is used for associating the information bits or the encoded bits of the information bits for data transmission, and each chip in a second chip classification is associated with a level value, the level value is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip classification.

[0022] In some embodiments, the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol are divided into two classifications, a first chip classification and a second chip classification are associated with chips having different lengths.

[0023] In some embodiments, at least one chip in the first chip classification is associated with a first chip length.

[0024] one chip in the second chip classification is associated with a second chip length, and a level value associated with the one chip is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip classification.

[0025] In some embodiments, the first chip classification is associated with at least one chip length, and the first chip classification is used for associating the information bits or the encoded bits of the information bits for data transmission.

[0026] the second chip classification is associated with one chip length, and a level value associated with the second chip classification is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip classification.

[0027] In some embodiments, at least one OFDM symbol is divided into two classifications, a maximum number of chips corresponding to an OFDM symbol in a first OFDM classification is a first number, and a minimum number of chips corresponding to an OFDM symbol in a second OFDM classification is a second number, the first number is less than the second number.

[0028] In some embodiments, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes a plurality of chips, each chip in the plurality of chips has a same length, and each chip in the plurality of chips is associated with a level value of a plurality of encoded bits of the information bits;

[0029] each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category includes a plurality of chips, the plurality of chips is divided into two categories, a first chip category is used for data transmission associated with the information bits or the encoded bits of the information bits, and a second chip category is associated with a same level value as a first chip in the first chip category.

[0030] In some embodiments, the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol is divided into two categories, the first chip category and the second chip category are associated with different chip lengths;

[0031] the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with the information bits or the encoded bits of the information bits, and the second chip category is associated with a same level value as a first chip in the first chip category.

[0032] In some embodiments, the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol is divided into two categories;

[0033] each chip in the first chip category is associated with a level value, and each chip in the second chip category is associated with at least one level value;

[0034] one or more of the at least one level value is used for data transmission, and one or more of the at least one level value is used for alignment with a level value of a first chip in the first chip category.

[0035] In some embodiments, the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol is divided into two categories;

[0036] the first chip category is associated with at least one chip length, and the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with the information bits or the encoded bits of the information bits;

[0037] a number of chips in the second chip category is even.

[0038] In some embodiments, the second chip category includes two chips, and a chip length associated with a second last chip in the two chips is less than or equal to a chip length associated with a last chip in the two chips.

[0039] In some embodiments, the second chip category is used for data transmission associated with the information bits or the encoded bits of the information bits.

[0040] In some embodiments, a level value associated with a last chip in the second chip category is same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0041] In some embodiments, each chip in the first chip classification is associated with a same chip length.

[0042] The last chip in the second chip classification is associated with a chip length greater than or equal to a length of a cyclic prefix; and / or, a sum of chip lengths associated with two chips in the second chip classification is twice a same chip length.

[0043] In some embodiments, the first chip classification is associated with at least one chip length.

[0044] The last chip in the second chip classification is associated with a chip length greater than or equal to a length of a cyclic prefix; and / or, a minimum of chip lengths associated with two chips in the second chip classification is greater than or equal to a minimum of the at least one chip length; and / or, a first chip in the first chip classification is associated with the minimum of the at least one chip length.

[0045] In some embodiments, the chip-related information comprises at least one of:

[0046] a chip length, a number of chips within one OFDM symbol, mode information of the chip length, a number of chips carrying information, a number of chips not carrying information or carrying new information.

[0047] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a signal transmission method, applied to a device, and the method comprises:

[0048] obtaining chip-related information; receiving an R2D signal sent by a reading device; and detecting R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal based on the obtained chip-related information.

[0049] In some embodiments, the obtaining of the chip-related information comprises: receiving chip-related information indicated by the reading device, and / or determining the chip-related information based on a protocol predefinition.

[0050] In some embodiments, the chip-related information determined based on the protocol predefinition is associated with the chip-related information indicated by the reading device.

[0051] In some embodiments, the receiving of the chip-related information indicated by the reading device comprises:

[0052] receiving a preamble signal sent by a network device;

[0053] determining the chip-related information based on the preamble signal.

[0054] In some embodiments, the detecting of the R2D information carried by the at least one chip associated with the R2D signal based on the chip-related information comprises:

[0055] determine a cyclic prefix of the R2D signal, and / or, a chip carrying information within the OFDM symbol, and / or, a chip not carrying information or carrying new information, based on the chip-related information;

[0056] obtain a level value corresponding to the chip carrying information within the OFDM symbol, based on a protocol pre-defined rule;

[0057] analyze R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal, based on the level value corresponding to the chip carrying information within the OFDM symbol.

[0058] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a signal transmission device, applied to a reading device, comprising:

[0059] a determination unit, configured to determine chip-related information;

[0060] a generation unit, configured to generate a reading device to environment Internet of Things device (R2D) signal based on the chip-related information, the R2D signal comprising at least one OFDM symbol, wherein the R2D signal comprises: a chip carrying information within the OFDM symbol, and / or, a chip not carrying information or carrying new information, and a cyclic prefix;

[0061] a sending unit, configured to send the R2D signal to the environment Internet of Things device.

[0062] In a fourth aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a signal transmission device, applied to a device, comprising:

[0063] an acquisition unit, configured to acquire chip-related information;

[0064] a receiving unit, configured to receive an R2D signal sent by a reading device;

[0065] a detection unit, configured to detect R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal, based on the chip-related information.

[0066] In a fifth aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a reading device, comprising a memory, a transceiver, and a processor;

[0067] the memory is configured to store a computer program; the transceiver is configured to transceive data under control of the processor; and the processor is configured to read the computer program in the memory and perform:

[0068] determine chip-related information;

[0069] generate a reading device to environment Internet of Things device (R2D) signal based on the chip-related information, the R2D signal comprising at least one OFDM symbol, wherein the R2D signal comprises: a chip carrying information within the OFDM symbol, and / or, a chip not carrying information or carrying new information, and a cyclic prefix;

[0070] sending the R2D signal to the environmental IoT device.

[0071] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to indicate the chip-related information to the device.

[0072] In some embodiments, indicating the chip-related information to the device comprises:

[0073] sending a preamble signal to the terminal, and indicating the chip-related information in the preamble signal.

[0074] In some embodiments, each OFDM symbol corresponds to a plurality of chips, and each chip corresponds to a same chip length.

[0075] In some embodiments, the number of the plurality of chips is even, and the plurality of chips are divided into two categories, a first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or encoding bits of the information bits, and a second chip category has each chip associated with a same level value as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0076] In some embodiments, the number of the plurality of chips is odd, and the plurality of chips are divided into two categories, a first chip category contains an even number of chips used for data transmission associated with information bits or encoding bits of the information bits, and a second chip category contains one chip, and a level value associated with the chip in the second chip category is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0077] In some embodiments, the at least one OFDM symbol is divided into two categories, a first OFDM category has a first number of maximum chips corresponding to an OFDM symbol, and a second OFDM category has a second number of minimum chips corresponding to an OFDM symbol, and the first number is less than the second number.

[0078] In some embodiments, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes a plurality of chips, each chip in the plurality of chips has a same length, and the plurality of chips are associated with a plurality of encoding bits of information bits.

[0079] each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category includes a plurality of chips, the plurality of chips are divided into two categories, a first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or encoding bits of the information bits, and a second chip category has each chip associated with a same level value as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0080] In some embodiments, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes an odd number of chips, the odd number of chips is divided into two categories, the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of the information bits, and the second chip category includes one chip, the chip in the second chip category is associated with a same level value as a first chip in the first chip category.

[0081] Each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category includes an even number of chips, the even number of chips is divided into two categories, the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of the information bits, and each chip in the second chip category is associated with a level value, the level value is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0082] In some embodiments, the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol is divided into two categories, and the first chip category and the second chip category are associated with different chip lengths.

[0083] In some embodiments, at least one chip in the first chip category is associated with a first chip length.

[0084] One chip in the second chip category is associated with a second chip length, and a level value associated with the one chip is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0085] In some embodiments, the first chip category is associated with at least one chip length, and the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of the information bits.

[0086] The second chip category is associated with one chip length, and a level value associated with the second chip category is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0087] In some embodiments, at least one OFDM symbol is divided into two categories, the maximum number of chips corresponding to an OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category is a first number, and the minimum number of chips corresponding to an OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category is a second number, the first number is less than the second number.

[0088] In some embodiments, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes a plurality of chips, each chip in the plurality of chips has a same length, and the plurality of chips is associated with level values of a plurality of coded bits of information bits.

[0089] Each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category includes a plurality of chips, the plurality of chips is divided into two categories, the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of the information bits, and a level value associated with the second chip category is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0090] In some embodiments, the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol is divided into two categories, the first chip category and the second chip category are associated with different chip lengths;

[0091] The first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or encoded bits of information bits, and the level value associated with the second chip category is equal to a fixed or pre-agreed pattern or level value.

[0092] In some embodiments, the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol is divided into two categories;

[0093] Each chip in the first chip category is associated with a level value, and each chip in the second chip category is associated with at least one level value;

[0094] One or more of the at least one level value is used for data transmission, and one or more of the at least one level value is used to align with the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0095] In some embodiments, the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol is divided into two categories;

[0096] The first chip category is associated with at least one chip length, and the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or encoded bits of information bits;

[0097] The number of chips in the second chip category is even.

[0098] In some embodiments, the second chip category includes two chips, and the penultimate chip in the two chips is associated with a chip length less than or equal to the chip length associated with the last chip.

[0099] In some embodiments, the second chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or encoded bits of information bits.

[0100] In some embodiments, the level value associated with the last chip in the second chip category is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0101] In some embodiments, each chip in the first chip category is associated with the same chip length;

[0102] The chip length associated with the last chip in the second chip category is greater than or equal to the length of the cyclic prefix; and / or, the sum of the chip lengths associated with the two chips in the second chip category is twice the same chip length.

[0103] In some embodiments, the first chip category is associated with at least one chip length;

[0104] the length of the last chip associated with the second chip classification is greater than or equal to the length of the cyclic prefix; and / or, the minimum value of the lengths of the two chips associated with the second chip classification is greater than or equal to the minimum value of the at least one chip length; and / or, the first chip associated with the first chip classification is associated with the minimum value of the at least one chip length.

[0105] In some embodiments, the chip-related information comprises at least one of:

[0106] the length of the chip, the number of chips within one OFDM symbol, mode information of the length of the chip, the number of chips carrying information, the number of chips not carrying information or carrying new information.

[0107] In a sixth aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a device, the device comprising a memory, a transceiver, and a processor;

[0108] the memory is configured to store a computer program; the transceiver is configured to transceive data under the control of the processor; and the processor is configured to read the computer program in the memory and perform:

[0109] obtaining chip-related information;

[0110] receiving the R2D signal sent by the reading device;

[0111] detecting R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal based on the chip-related information.

[0112] In some embodiments, the obtaining of the chip-related information comprises: receiving chip-related information indicated by the reading device, and / or determining the chip-related information based on a protocol predefinition.

[0113] In some embodiments, the chip-related information determined based on the protocol predefinition is associated with the chip-related information indicated by the reading device.

[0114] In some embodiments, the receiving of the chip-related information indicated by the reading device comprises:

[0115] receiving a preamble signal sent by the network device;

[0116] determining the chip-related information based on the preamble signal.

[0117] In some embodiments, the detecting of the R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal based on the chip-related information comprises:

[0118] determining, based on the chip-related information, a cyclic prefix of the R2D signal, and / or a chip carrying information within an OFDM symbol, and / or a chip not carrying information or carrying new information;

[0119] obtaining a level value corresponding to a chip carrying information within the OFDM symbol based on a protocol predefined rule;

[0120] analyzing R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal based on the level value corresponding to the chip carrying information within the OFDM symbol.

[0121] In a seventh aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a processor-readable storage medium, which stores a program for causing a processor to execute the signal transmission method of any one of the first aspect or the signal transmission method of any one of the second aspect.

[0122] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the reading device determines chip-related information, generates a reading device to environment Internet of Things device R2D signal based on the chip-related information, and sends the R2D signal to the environment Internet of Things device. The R2D signal includes at least one OFDM symbol, and the R2D signal further includes at least one of the following: a chip carrying information within the OFDM symbol, a chip not carrying information or carrying new information, a cyclic prefix, so that the R2D signal adopts an OFDM waveform, can be multiplexed with NR information transmission, and through the chip included in the R2D signal, the device can correctly analyze R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal, and avoid the additional rising / falling edge caused by the cyclic prefix, which causes analysis error. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0123] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or related technical descriptions. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art based on these drawings.

[0124] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an R2D transmission / R2D signal sent by a base station / intermediate node to a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0125] FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0126] FIG. 3 is a flowchart of another signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0127] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an OFDM symbol according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0128] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an OFDM symbol according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0129] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an OFDM symbol according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0130] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an OFDM symbol according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0131] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an OFDM symbol according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0132] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0133] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0134] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a reading device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0135] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0136] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present disclosure, the present disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all the embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present disclosure, but not to limit the present disclosure. Based on the described embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art belong to the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0137] It should be noted that in this paper, relationship terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between the entities or operations.

[0138] For A-IoT system, Device A / B is a passive IoT device with energy harvesting function, for example, the energy consumption is 1-10 μW. Based on the stringent power consumption requirement of passive IoT device, currently, two types of uplink services are supported: Device-Originated-Device-Terminated Triggered (DO-DTT) service and Device-Originated-Autonomous device (DO-A) service, and one type of downlink service: Device-originated (DO), transmission of DO-DTT is preferred, and Device-terminated (DT), the rUC1 indoor inventory scenario and rUC4 indoor command scenario are focused on. Both DO-DTT and DT exist device-terminated (device refers to environmental IoT device), that is, device-terminated triggered signaling from the base station or intermediate node to the device. The device-terminated triggered signaling needs a Reader to Device (R2D) downlink / forward indication signal / channel, which carries information for triggering the device to communicate, for example, inventory and / or command signals of warehouse logistics.

[0139] The signal sent by the base station or intermediate node to the device (A-IoT device) can be referred to as a downlink signal, or as an R2D signal. For example, the base station (as a reader device Reader) sends an R2D signal to the A-IoT device, and the A-IoT device transmits a corresponding uplink signal or Device to Reader (D2R) signal according to the indication of the R2D signal / channel. For another example, the outdoor base station transmits data with the Uu interface (air interface) to the indoor intermediate node, and the indoor intermediate node (for example, a terminal intermediate node) sends an incident signal (which can be referred to as a downlink signal or an R2D signal) to the A-IoT device, and the A-IoT device receives the downlink signal or R2D signal sent by the intermediate node, and transmits an uplink signal or D2R signal to the intermediate node (as a Reader) according to the indication of the R2D signal.

[0140] The waveform and modulation technique of downlink signals or R2D signals / channels need to adapt to the extremely low complexity reception characteristics of passive or extremely low power consumption A-IoT devices. For R2D transmission, the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) protocol adopts a single sideband / double sideband single carrier (Carrier Wave, CW) On-Off Keying (OOK) signal, considering that the transmitter of the existing base station can be reused, the R2D transmission adopts an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) waveform, and at least supports OOK-4, that is, a Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform.

[0141] Based on the current DFT-s-OFDM waveform generation process, M time domain information bits, that is, M chips, correspond to L time domain samples, are converted to the frequency domain through N' (for example, 128) point DFT operation, and then N point IDFT operation is performed to obtain an OOK-4 signal.

[0142] Channel coding techniques can effectively correct errors in channel transmission and improve the reliability of information transmission. A-IoT devices are passive or low-power devices and cannot support complex reception. Therefore, in the RFID communication system, the channel coding technique adopted at the Reader is a line code, not a forward error correction (FEC) coding technique. The line code adopted at the Reader in the RFID standard is Manchester coding and pulse interval encoding (PIE). Taking Manchester coding as an example, bit "0" is encoded as chip {1, 0}, and bit "1" is encoded as chip {0, 1}. Therefore, based on the OOK-4 waveform of Manchester coding, M encoded bits correspond to M ON / OFF. Since ON and OFF always appear in pairs in Manchester coding, an OFDM symbol carries M / 2 ON and M / 2 OFF, and each information bit corresponds to a pair of high-low switching levels. The M ON / OFF can correspond to M chips (provided that an encoded bit of a line code is defined as a chip) or M / 2 chips (provided that an information bit before encoding of a line code corresponds to a chip). For ease of description, an encoded bit of a line code corresponds to a chip is taken as an example for description, but it is not excluded that an information bit before encoding of a line code corresponds to a chip.

[0143] Currently, the R2D transmission / R2D signal transmitted by the base station / intermediate node to the device, as shown in FIG. 1, is composed of two parts: the first part is the R2D preamble used for synchronization and determination of the starting point of the transmission burst, and the second part is the PRDCH (Physical Reader to device Channel), that is, the data transmission part. Hereinafter, the R2D transmission includes the preamble and the PRDCH. For the PRDCH corresponding to the R2D information transmission, it can be referred to as the physical R2D channel / channel or the R2D data channel / signal or the R2D channel. For the convenience of description, it is described as the R2D data channel / signal or the PRDCH hereinafter. For the R2D transmission, an OFDM waveform is used, and the PRDCH uses a line code, that is, an OFDM based OOK signal. The advantage of using the OFDM waveform is that the original transmitter design of the base station can be reused, and at the same time, the frequency domain orthogonality with the NR signal can be maintained to avoid interference with the NR signal. According to the related technology, the A-IoT device needs to remove the cyclic prefix (CP) before analyzing the R2D signal. However, due to the extremely low power consumption of the A-IoT device, the allowed sampling frequency offset (SFO) is 105ppm, that is, the time domain deviation is 1 / 10. At the same time, the A-IoT system is an asynchronous communication system and cannot be well synchronized, so the CP cannot be accurately removed. However, the existence of the CP may introduce additional ON / OFF switching, which may cause the A-IoT device to analyze the R2D information incorrectly.

[0144] Scheme 1: FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a signal transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, which is applied to a reader device (Reader). The reader device can be a base station or an intermediate node. In this embodiment, the device is an A-IoT device. As shown in FIG. 2, the signal transmission method can include but is not limited to steps 201 to 203:

[0145] 201, determine chip related information.

[0146] Wherein, a chip can be understood as: a bit defined after a line code encoding is a chip, or a chip corresponds to a bit of information before a line code encoding.

[0147] The chip related information includes at least one of the following:

[0148] chip length, the number of chips within one OFDM symbol, pattern information of the chip length, the number of chips carrying information, the number of chips not carrying information or carrying new information. The pattern information of the chip length can be understood as information of at least one chip length combination, and refer to Table 1. The chips carrying information can be understood as chips carrying R2D information (i.e., information to be sent by the reading device to the environmental IoT device). The chips not carrying information do not carry R2D information, but can carry non-R2D information such as pattern information. The chips carrying new information can be understood as carrying information different from R2D information, for example, carrying check information.

[0149] In some embodiments, the reading device can also indicate the chip-related information to the device. For example, a preamble signal is sent to the terminal, and the chip-related information is indicated in the preamble signal. The chip-related information is explicitly or implicitly indicated in the R2D preamble in FIG. 1.

[0150] 202. Generate a reading device to environmental IoT device R2D signal based on the chip-related information, the R2D signal including at least one OFDM symbol, the R2D signal further including at least one of the following: chips within the OFDM symbol carrying information, chips not carrying information or carrying new information, a cyclic prefix.

[0151] The R2D signal is an OFDM-based OOK signal including at least one OFDM symbol. The cyclic prefix is a cyclic prefix of the OFDM symbol.

[0152] 203. Send the R2D signal to the environmental IoT device.

[0153] As can be seen, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the reading device determines the chip-related information, generates a reading device to environmental IoT device R2D signal based on the chip-related information, and sends the R2D signal to the environmental IoT device. The R2D signal includes at least one OFDM symbol, and the R2D signal further includes at least one of the following: chips within the OFDM symbol carrying information, chips not carrying information or carrying new information, and a cyclic prefix. The R2D signal adopts an OFDM waveform, can be multiplexed with NR information transmission, and through the chips included in the R2D signal, the device can correctly parse the R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal, avoid the additional rising / falling edges caused by the cyclic prefix, and reduce system overhead.

[0154] Based on Scheme 1, the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide the following several different schemes.

[0155] Each OFDM symbol included in the R2D signal corresponds to a plurality of chips, and each chip corresponds to the same chip length.

[0156] Embodiment 1 of Scheme 2: The number of the plurality of chips is even, and the plurality of chips is divided into two categories. The first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of the information bits (e.g., line code coded bits). The second chip category has one chip associated with a same level value as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0157] Embodiment 2 of Scheme 2: The number of the plurality of chips is odd, and the plurality of chips is divided into two categories. The first chip category includes an even number of chips used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of the information bits. The second chip category includes one chip associated with a same level value as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0158] Embodiment 3 of Scheme 2: At least one OFDM symbol is divided into two categories. The first OFDM category has an OFDM symbol corresponding to a first number of chips. The second OFDM category has an OFDM symbol corresponding to a second number of chips. The first number is less than the second number.

[0159] Embodiment 3 of Scheme 2, way 1: Each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes a plurality of chips. Each chip in the plurality of chips has the same length, and the plurality of chips is associated with a plurality of coded bits of information bits.

[0160] Each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category includes a plurality of chips. The plurality of chips is divided into two categories. The first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of the information bits. The second chip category has one chip associated with a same level value as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0161] Embodiment 3 of Scheme 2, way 2: Each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes an odd number of chips. The odd number of chips is divided into two categories. The first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of the information bits. The second chip category includes one chip associated with a same level value as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0162] Each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category includes an even number of chips, and the even number of chips are divided into two categories. The first chip category is used for data transmission of information bits or coded bits of information bits. Each chip in the second chip category is associated with a level value, and the level value is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category. For example, the second chip category includes two chips, and the associated level value is equal to the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0163] Scheme 3: The plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol included in the R2D signal is divided into two categories. The chip length associated with the chips in the first chip category is different from the chip length associated with the chips in the second chip category.

[0164] Embodiment 1 of scheme 3: At least one chip in the first chip category is associated with a first chip length. For example, the first M chips in the first chip category are associated with the first chip length, that is, the chip lengths associated with the first M chips in the first chip category are the same, and are all the first chip length.

[0165] One chip in the second chip category is associated with a second chip length, and the level value associated with the chip is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category. For example, the last chip in the second chip category is associated with the second chip length, and the level value associated with the last chip is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0166] Embodiment 2 of scheme 3: The first chip category is associated with at least one chip length, and the first chip category is used for data transmission of information bits or coded bits of information bits.

[0167] The second chip category is associated with a chip length, and the level value associated with the second chip category is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0168] For example, the first chip category is associated with the first chip length and / or the second chip length, and the second chip category is associated with the third chip length.

[0169] Embodiment 3 of scheme 3: At least one OFDM symbol is divided into two categories. The maximum number of chips corresponding to the OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category is a first number, and the minimum number of chips corresponding to the OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category is a second number. The first number is less than the second number.

[0170] In some embodiments of implementation 3 of scheme 3, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes a plurality of chips (e.g., an even number of chips), each chip in the plurality of chips has a same length, and the plurality of chips are associated with level values of a plurality of encoded bits of the information bits. For example, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes M chips (M is an even number), the M chips are associated with level values of M wire code encoded bits of the information bits (e.g., M / 2 information bits).

[0171] In some embodiments of implementation 3 of scheme 3, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes a plurality of chips (e.g., an even number of chips), each chip in the plurality of chips has a same length, and the plurality of chips are associated with level values of a plurality of encoded bits of the information bits. For example, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes M chips (M is an even number), the M chips are associated with level values of M wire code encoded bits of the information bits (e.g., M / 2 information bits).

[0172] In some embodiments of implementation 3 of scheme 3, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes a plurality of chips (e.g., an even number of chips), each chip in the plurality of chips has a same length, and the plurality of chips are associated with level values of a plurality of encoded bits of the information bits. For example, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes M chips (M is an even number), the M chips are associated with level values of M wire code encoded bits of the information bits (e.g., M / 2 information bits).

[0173] In some embodiments of implementation 3 of scheme 3, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes a plurality of chips (e.g., an even number of chips), each chip in the plurality of chips has a same length, and the plurality of chips are associated with level values of a plurality of encoded bits of the information bits. For example, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes M chips (M is an even number), the M chips are associated with level values of M wire code encoded bits of the information bits (e.g., M / 2 information bits).

[0174] In some embodiments of implementation 3 of scheme 3, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes a plurality of chips (e.g., an even number of chips), each chip in the plurality of chips has a same length, and the plurality of chips are associated with level values of a plurality of encoded bits of the information bits. For example, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes M chips (M is an even number), the M chips are associated with level values of M wire code encoded bits of the information bits (e.g., M / 2 information bits).

[0175] In some embodiments of implementation 3 of scheme 3, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes a plurality of chips (e.g., an even number of chips), each chip in the plurality of chips has a same length, and the plurality of chips are associated with level values of a plurality of encoded bits of the information bits. For example, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes M chips (M is an even number), the M chips are associated with level values of M wire code encoded bits of the information bits (e.g., M / 2 information bits).

[0176] In some embodiments of implementation 3 of scheme 3, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes a plurality of chips (e.g., an even number of chips), each chip in the plurality of chips has a same length, and the plurality of chips are associated with level values of a plurality of encoded bits of the information bits. For example, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes M chips (M is an even number), the M chips are associated with level values of M wire code encoded bits of the information bits (e.g., M / 2 information bits).

[0177] In some embodiments of implementation 3 of scheme 3, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes a plurality of chips (e.g., an even number of chips), each chip in the plurality of chips has a same length, and the plurality of chips are associated with level values of a plurality of encoded bits of the information bits. For example, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes M chips (M is an even number), the M chips are associated with level values of M wire code encoded bits of the information bits (e.g., M / 2 information bits).

[0178] The first chip category is associated with at least one chip length, and the first chip category is used for associating information bits or coded bits of the information bits for data transmission.

[0179] The number of chips in the second chip category is even.

[0180] The second chip category includes two chips, and a penultimate chip in the two chips is associated with a chip length less than or equal to a chip length associated with a last chip.

[0181] The second chip category is used for associating information bits or coded bits of the information bits for data transmission.

[0182] A level value associated with the last chip in the second chip category is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0183] Embodiment 1 of scheme 6: each chip in the first chip category is associated with a same chip length.

[0184] A chip length associated with a last chip in the second chip category is greater than or equal to a length of a cyclic prefix; and / or, a sum of chip lengths associated with two chips in the second chip category is twice a chip length associated with the first chip category.

[0185] Embodiment 2 of scheme 6: the first chip category is associated with at least one chip length.

[0186] A chip length associated with a last chip in the second chip category is greater than or equal to a length of a cyclic prefix; and / or, a minimum value of chip lengths associated with two chips in the second chip category is greater than or equal to a minimum value of the at least one chip length; and / or, a first chip in the first chip category is associated with the minimum value of the at least one chip length.

[0187] FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a signal transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, which is applied to a device, for example, an A-IoT device. A reader can be a base station or an intermediate node. As shown in FIG. 3, the signal transmission method can include, but is not limited to, steps 301 to 303:

[0188] 301: Obtain chip-related information.

[0189] In this embodiment, the manner of obtaining the chip-related information includes receiving chip-related information indicated by a reader and / or determining chip-related information based on a protocol definition. The chip-related information determined based on the protocol definition is associated with the chip-related information indicated by the reader.

[0190] In some embodiments, receiving the chip related information indicated by the reading device comprises: receiving a preamble signal sent by the network device; and determining the chip related information based on the preamble signal.

[0191] The chip related information indicated by the preamble signal comprises at least one of:

[0192] The chip related information comprises at least one of: chip length, number of chips in one OFDM symbol, pattern information of the chip length, number of chips carrying information, number of chips not carrying information or carrying new information.

[0193] 302. Receiving the R2D signal sent by the reading device.

[0194] 303. Detecting the R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal based on the chip related information.

[0195] In this embodiment, the cyclic prefix of the R2D signal and / or the chips carrying information in the OFDM symbol and / or the chips not carrying information or carrying new information are determined based on the chip related information. Based on the protocol predefined rule, the level value corresponding to the chips carrying information in the OFDM symbol is obtained. Based on the level value corresponding to the chips carrying information in the OFDM symbol, the R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal is parsed.

[0196] Embodiment 1 corresponding to scheme 1

[0197] The base station / intermediate node determines the chip related information corresponding to the OFDM symbol of the R2D data (i.e. the OFDM symbol used to transmit the R2D data), and the chip related information or chip information of the R2D data channel / signal comprises at least one of: chip length, number of chips in one OFDM symbol, pattern information of the chip length, number of chips carrying information, number of chips not carrying information, bandwidth information occupied by the chip(s).

[0198] The R2D preamble carries the first chip related information of the R2D data channel / signal, and the first chip related information is associated with the second chip information of the R2D data channel / signal predefined by the protocol.

[0199] The first chip-related information is chip-related information corresponding to the R2D data channel / signal OFDM (e.g., chip length information corresponding to the R2D data OFDM symbol, without excluding other information), associated with the chip length corresponding to the R2D data channel / signal OFDM symbol, and in some embodiments, the first chip-related information is a length information; or, the chip number information corresponding to the R2D PRDCH.

[0200] The second chip-related information includes: the chip number information within an R2D data channel / signal OFDM symbol, and / or, the chip length information, and / or, the pattern information of the chip length, and / or, the chip(s) information carrying information, and / or, the chip(s) information not carrying information / carrying new information, and the bandwidth information occupied by the chip(s). (Note: the first chip-related information is necessary, and the second chip-related information is not necessarily present).

[0201] In some embodiments, the second chip-related information has a specific value pre-agreed by the protocol or a determination rule pre-agreed by the protocol. In some embodiments, in this embodiment, the base station / intermediate node also configures the devices with R2D signal.

[0202] When the device receives the R2D transmission, it first receives the R2D preamble, and receives the pre-agreed signal on the pre-agreed chip position within the pre-agreed preamble and measures the chip length to determine the first chip-related information (as to how to design the preamble, it does not belong to the content of the present disclosure). After the device determines the first chip-related information, it determines the second chip-related information according to the pre-agreed determination rule of the protocol or the pre-agreed value of the protocol (i.e., the specific value of the second chip-related information, which will be described in detail later), and the second chip-related information is related to the R2D information detection.

[0203] The second chip-related information includes: the chip number, the chip length, the pattern information of the chip length, the chip carrying information or the data chip, the chip not carrying information / carrying new information, and the bandwidth information occupied by the chip(s). The specific description is as follows:

[0204] Chip number: indicates the number of chips contained in the R2D data channel / signal OFDM symbol, which can be the number of chips carrying information, and / or, the number of chips not carrying information, and / or, the total number of chips contained in the OFDM symbol.

[0205] chip length: the chip length associated with the OFDM symbol corresponding to the R2D data channel / signal, the chip length can be one chip length or multiple chip length information.

[0206] 1. If it is one chip length, it can refer to the length information corresponding to the chip(s) carrying no information / carrying new information or the length information corresponding to the chip(s) carrying information.

[0207] 2. If it is at least one chip length, it can refer to the chip(s) carrying information having different lengths, for example, one chip carrying information has a length of 5 samples and another chip carrying information has a length of 6 samples.

[0208] 3. If it is at least one chip length, it can also refer to the length information corresponding to the chip(s) carrying no information / carrying new information and the length information corresponding to the chip(s) carrying information, for example, the chip carrying information has lengths of 5 and 6 samples respectively, and the chip(s) carrying no information has a length of 10 samples.

[0209] chip length pattern information:

[0210] The protocol pre-defined pattern information contains the number of chips of the R2D data channel / signal and the length corresponding to each chip. For example, the pattern information in the second chip related information associated with the chip length of 5 indicated by the R2D preamble is: [4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5 10]. The meaning is that the number of elements in the pattern information is the total number of chips contained in the OFDM symbol, the index of the element in the pattern information represents the index of the chip, and the value of each element in the pattern information corresponds to the chip length, which can be the number of samples or the absolute time length.

[0211] chip carrying information or data chip:

[0212] For example, the first to 24th chips in the pattern information [4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5 10] correspond to the chip carrying information.

[0213] chip carrying no information / carrying new information:

[0214] For example, in the pattern information [4,4,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5 10], the 25th chip corresponds to a chip that does not carry information. In some embodiments, for chips with a number greater than 1, the number of chips that do not carry information is fixed, for example, 1 or 2.

[0215] Bandwidth information occupied by chip(s):

[0216] For example, R2D data channel / signal chip(s) with a chip length ≥ 32 indicated by an R2D preamble occupy M PRBs, R2D data channel / signal chip(s) with a chip length ≥ 16 indicated by an R2D preamble with a chip length ≥ 32 occupy N PRBs, and R2D data channel / signal chip(s) with a chip length ≥ 6 indicated by an R2D preamble with a chip length ≥ 16 occupy L PRBs.

[0217] For ease of description, when SCS = 15K, the absolute time (excluding CP) corresponding to one symbol is Ts = 1 / 15000(s). Assuming the device sampling rate is 1.92M, then one OFDM symbol corresponds to 128 samples, and the absolute time of each sample is 1 / 15000 / 128. The following describes the information related to the first chip and the second chip using the sample points as an example. For example, the protocol can define the information as shown in Table 1 below:

[0218] Table 1

[0219] In some embodiments, the second chip-related information is determined by a specific value or a rule pre-defined by the protocol. The first column in Table 1 shows the chip length. Because, in practice, measuring the chip length in a preamble is affected by fading channels, making it difficult to obtain an accurate chip length value, pre-defined rules or values ​​can resolve this discrepancy between the actual measured value and the accurate value. For example:

[0220] 1) The protocol predefines the ideal value of the chip length (as shown in the first column of Table 1). The device obtains an estimated value of the chip length based on the Clock-Acquisition Part (CAP) of the R2D preamble. This estimated value may deviate from the ideal value by a few samples. The device determines the precise value of the chip length based on this estimated value. For example, the device can determine the precise chip value used by the actual R2D signal based on the principle of minimizing the distance between the estimated chip length and the precise value. For example, if the estimated chip length is 27, then according to Table 1, the actual R2D chip value can be determined to be 30.

[0221] 2) Protocol pre-defined collective rule, for example, the number of samples contained in an OFDM symbol divided by the estimation of chip length, or the number of samples contained in the data chip part within an OFDM symbol divided by the estimation of chip length, and the estimation of data chip M is obtained after rounding. For example, when the sampling rate is 1.92M, the number of samples contained in an OFDM is 128, and if the samples corresponding to the CP within the OFDM symbol do not transmit new information, the number of samples contained in the data chip part within the OFDM symbol is equal to 128-10.

[0222] It should be noted that using the R2D preamble signal to indicate chip-related information is only an example, and chip-related information can also be obtained in other ways, for example, by predefining the chip length of the R2D signal through the protocol, for example, the chip length is 1, and then using the R2D signal to indicate the specific chip length used.

[0223] Embodiment 2 corresponding to scheme 2

[0224] The base station / intermediate node determines the chip-related information, explicitly / implicitly indicates the chip-related information in the R2D preamble, and generates an OFDM-based OOK signal corresponding to the R2D data channel / signal as the R2D signal. Each OFDM symbol included in the R2D signal corresponds to multiple chips, and each chip corresponds to the same chip length.

[0225] Embodiment corresponding to implementation 1 of scheme 2:

[0226] The first chip classification is used for data transmission of information bit line code encoding bits, and the second chip classification is used for verification. Each chip in the second chip classification is associated with a level value, and the level value is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip classification.

[0227] For example, each OFDM symbol corresponds to M chips, the first chip classification includes the first M1 chips, and the second chip classification includes the last M2 chips, M1+M2=M. Each chip in the first chip classification and the second chip classification corresponds to the same chip length, and the chip length is equal to the chip length indicated by the R2D preamble or associated with the chip length.

[0228] The number of chips common to the first chip classification and the second chip classification is at most 1.

[0229] The first chip classification is a chip that carries information bits and is associated with an even number of line code encoding bits.

[0230] The level value associated with the second chip classification is the same as the level value associated with the first chip of the first chip classification. The second chip classification contains less than or equal to 2 chips.

[0231] If SCS = 15K, the line code is Manchester code, the sampling rate is 1.92Mbps, and the chip length is expressed in the number of sampling points.

[0232] As shown in Table 2 and Fig. 4:

[0233] 1) One OFDM symbol contains M chips.

[0234] 2) The M chips have the same length, and the first chip classification includes M1 chips for data transmission.

[0235] In some embodiments, M is an even number, and the M1 chips are associated with M1 line code encoding bits (e.g., there is a level jump between every two encoding bits).

[0236] 3) The second chip classification includes M2 chips, and the corresponding level value is the same as the level value associated with the first chip of the first chip classification.

[0237] 4) The last part of the OFDM is copied to the OFDM header to form the CP.

[0238] Table 2 shows the number of chips M and the number of the first chip classification and the second chip classification. In the example shown in Fig. 4, only the first chip classification, i.e., the first 14 chips, is associated with Manchester encoding bits carrying information, and the second chip classification contains two chips without line encoding bits carrying information, and the level value is the same as the level value associated with the first chip of the first chip classification.

[0239] Table 2

[0240] Embodiment corresponding to the implementation of scheme 2:

[0241] Each OFDM symbol contains an odd number of chips, each chip has an equal chip length, the chips are divided into two categories, the first chip classification contains an even number of chips for associating encoding bits (line code) of information bits for data transmission, and the second chip classification contains one chip, and the level value associated with the chip in the second chip classification is the same as the level value associated with the first chip of the first chip classification. Referring to Table 3 and Fig. 5, no further description is given.

[0242] Table 3

[0243] Embodiment 3 corresponding to embodiment 3 of solution 2:

[0244] The at least one OFDM symbol is classified into two categories, in the first OFDM category, the maximum number of chips corresponding to the OFDM symbol is a first number, in the second OFDM category, the minimum number of chips corresponding to the OFDM symbol is a second number, the first number is less than the second number. For example, as shown in Table 4.

[0245] Table 4

[0246] As shown in Table 4, the number of chips in the first OFDM category is {2, 4, 8}, the number of chips in the second OFDM category is {16, 24, 32}, M1 corresponding to the first OFDM category is M, M2 is 0; M2 corresponding to the second OFDM category is greater than 0, for example, M2 is 2, M1 is M-2.

[0247] Embodiment 1 corresponding to solution 2 embodiment 3:

[0248] Each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes a plurality of chips (for example, an even number of chips), each chip in the plurality of chips has the same length, and the plurality of chips are associated with the level values of the plurality of coded bits of the information bits. For example, the OFDM symbol includes M chips, and the M chips are associated with the level values of the M line code coded bits of the information bits (for example, M / 2 information bits).

[0249] Each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category includes a plurality of chips (for example, an even number of chips), the plurality of chips are classified into two categories, the first chip category is used to associate the information bits or the coded bits of the information bits for data transmission, and each chip in the second chip category is associated with a level value. The level value is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0250] For example, in Table 4, the number of chips in the first OFDM classification is {2, 4, 8} or {2, 4} and the number of chips in the second OFDM classification is {8, 16, 24} or {16, 24, 32} or {16, 24}. All chips in the first OFDM classification are used for line code encoding bits of the associated information bits, and the CP part is a copy of the last chip of the OFDM symbol, as shown in the upper part of Figure 6. Due to the chip length corresponding to the first OFDM classification, which is much larger than the CP length, even if the CP formed by the copy of the last chip and the first chip forms a high-low level change, it seems to cause a decoding error of the device. However, since the high level formed by the CP is obviously smaller than the chip length corresponding to the data chip, i.e., the OFDM symbol, the device can identify the CP and eliminate the high level, so that the CP does not introduce additional rising edges / falling edges. When the number of chips in the second OFDM classification is large, as shown in the lower part of Figure 6, the chip length corresponding to the OFDM symbol is small at this time, which leads to two chips in the CP, resulting in additional rising edges and falling edges. Therefore, at least one chip in the second OFDM classification adopts the same level value, which will not produce additional rising edges and falling edges after being copied to the CP part. From the system overhead, when the number of chips in the second OFDM classification is large, the system overhead is controllable.

[0251] Embodiment 3 of the scheme 2 in the manner of embodiment 2:

[0252] At least one OFDM symbol is divided into two categories, the maximum number of chips corresponding to the OFDM symbol in the first OFDM classification is a first number, and the minimum number of chips corresponding to the OFDM symbol in the second OFDM classification is a second number, the first number being less than the second number.

[0253] Each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM classification includes an odd number of chips, and the odd number of chips is divided into two categories. The first chip classification is used for data transmission of the associated information bits or the encoding bits of the information bits, and the second chip classification includes one chip. The level value associated with the chip in the second chip classification is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip classification.

[0254] Each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category includes an even number of chips, and the even number of chips are divided into two categories. The first chip category is used for data transmission of associated information bits or coded bits of the information bits. Each chip in the second chip category is associated with a level value, and the level value is the same as that of the first chip in the first chip category. For example, the second chip category includes two chips, and the associated level values are equal to that of the first chip in the first chip category.

[0255] As shown in Table 5, the number of chips in the first OFDM category is {3, 5, 9}, the number of chips in the second OFDM category is {16, 24}, M2 corresponding to the first OFDM category is 1, and M2 corresponding to the second OFDM category is 2.

[0256] Table 5

[0257] Embodiment 3 corresponding to scheme 3

[0258] Each OFDM symbol included in the R2D signal is divided into a plurality of chips, and the first chip category and the second chip category are associated with different chip lengths. The first chip category is used for data transmission, and the second chip category is a chip / correction chip that does not carry information. The level value corresponding to the second chip category is equal to that of the first chip in the first chip category.

[0259] Embodiment corresponding to embodiment 1 of scheme 3:

[0260] At least one chip in the first chip category is associated with a first chip length. For example, the first M chips in the first chip category are associated with the first chip length, that is, the first M chips in the first chip category are associated with the same chip length, which is the first chip length.

[0261] One chip in the second chip category is associated with a second chip length, and the level value associated with the chip is the same as that of the first chip in the first chip category. For example, the last chip in the second chip category is associated with the second chip length, and the level value associated with the last chip is the same as that of the first chip in the first chip category.

[0262] In this embodiment, the chip length of the first chip category is the chip length indicated by the R2D preamble.

[0263] The chip length of the first chip category is inversely proportional to the corresponding number of chips.

[0264] The first chip classification associates an even number of line code coded bits.

[0265] The chip length of the second chip classification is greater than a threshold value, which can be the CP length or less than the CP length but greater than the chip length of the first chip classification.

[0266] In some embodiments, the number of chips of the second chip classification is 1 or 2.

[0267] For example, as shown in FIG. 7,

[0268] 1) One OFDM symbol contains M+1 chips.

[0269] 2) The first M chips have the same length and are used for data transmission.

[0270] Optionally, M is even, and the M chips associate M line code coded bits.

[0271] 3) The level value of the last chip is equal to the level value of the first chip.

[0272] 4) The last part of the OFDM is copied to the OFDM header to form the CP.

[0273] Based on Table 6 and FIG. 7, M (for example, 8) data chips correspond to the chip length Len_1 (for example, 14) of the first chip classification, the last chip corresponds to the chip length Len_2 (for example, 16) of the second chip classification, Len_2 is greater than or equal to a threshold value, for example, 10 (or 8), and the level value associated with the last chip is equal to the level value associated with the first chip of the first chip classification.

[0274] Table 6

[0275] Table 7 is another set of classification data.

[0276] Table 7

[0277] In this embodiment, the voltage level associated with the chip in the second chip category is the same as that associated with the first chip in the first chip category. Since no additional information is transmitted, it can be considered a chip without information in Embodiment 1. Note that in Table 6, the chip length of the second chip category is greater than the CP length, for example, by 10 samples. However, when M=24, the chip overhead corresponding to the chip length of the second chip category is relatively large. In Table 7, when M=24, the chip length of the second chip category is less than the CP length. That is, when the chip length of the second chip category is significantly different from the chip length of the first chip category, for example, by more than 2 samples, the device can determine that the CP is not a data transmission chip by using the obvious difference in the chip lengths of the two categories. It is particularly important to note that the chip length of the second chip category described in the example corresponds to the last chip; in reality, the chip length of the second chip category can also correspond to at least one chip.

[0278] Beneficial effects: The R2D preamble indicator or associated chip length is equal to the chip length of the first chip category used for data transmission. It is simple to operate, and the CP will not introduce incorrect rising or falling edges, thus avoiding the device misinterpreting the CP as data transmission.

[0279] An example of implementation method 2 corresponding to scheme 3:

[0280] The first chip category is associated with at least one chip length. The first chip category is used to associate information bits or encoded bits of information bits for data transmission.

[0281] The second chip category is associated with a chip length, and the voltage level associated with the second chip category is the same as the voltage level associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0282] For example, the first chip category is associated with the first chip length and / or the second chip length, and the second chip category is associated with the third chip length.

[0283] As shown in Table 8, the first chip classification associated with data transmission corresponds to 1 (M=2) or 2 (M=4, 8, 16, 24) chip lengths; the second chip classification has only one chip, which has a length equal to or close to the CP length. Since the level value associated with the second chip classification is equal to the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip classification, the CP does not introduce additional rising / falling edges. At the same time, since the chip length of the first chip classification can be two, the third chip length can be close to the CP length, reducing the system overhead. It can be seen that the scheme in Table 8 has a small system overhead.

[0284] Table 8

[0285] Embodiment 3 corresponding to scheme 3:

[0286] The at least one OFDM symbol is divided into two categories. The maximum number of chips corresponding to the OFDM symbol in the first OFDM classification is a first number, and the minimum number of chips corresponding to the OFDM symbol in the second OFDM classification is a second number. The first number is less than the second number.

[0287] In some embodiments of embodiment 3 of scheme 3, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM classification includes a plurality of chips (for example, an even number of chips), each chip in the plurality of chips has the same length, and the plurality of chips are associated with the level values of a plurality of encoded bits of the information bits. For example, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM classification includes M chips (M is an even number), and the M chips are associated with the level values of M line code encoded bits of the information bits (for example, M / 2 information bits).

[0288] Each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM classification includes a plurality of chips (for example, an even number of chips), and the plurality of chips are divided into two categories. The first chip classification is used to associate information bits or encoded bits of the information bits for data transmission, and the second chip classification is associated with the same level value as the first chip in the first chip classification. For example, each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM classification includes M chips (M is an even number), and the M chips are divided into two categories. The first chip classification (including M1 chips) is used to associate M1 line code encoded bits of the information bits for data transmission, and the first chip classification is associated with the first chip length and / or the second chip length. The second chip classification (including M2 chips) is associated with the same level value as the first chip in the first chip classification, corresponding to the third chip length. Wherein, M1+M2=M.

[0289] The number of chips in the first OFDM classification is, for example, {2, 4, 8}, and the number of chips in the second OFDM classification is, for example, {16, 24}. All chips in the first OFDM classification are used for line code encoding bits of associated information bits, and the CP part is a copy of the last chip of the OFDM symbol, as shown in the upper part of Figure 6. Due to the chip length corresponding to the first OFDM classification, which is much larger than the CP length, even if the CP formed by the copy of the last chip and the first chip form a high-low level switch, it seems to cause a decoding error of the device. However, since the high level formed by the CP is obviously smaller than the chip length corresponding to the data chip, i.e., the OFDM symbol, the device can identify the CP and eliminate the high level, so that the CP does not introduce additional rising edges / falling edges. When the number of chips in the second OFDM classification is large, as shown in the lower part of Figure 6, the chip length corresponding to the OFDM symbol is small at this time, which leads to two chips in the CP, resulting in additional rising edges and falling edges. Therefore, at least one chip in the second OFDM classification adopts the same level value, which will not produce additional rising edges and falling edges after being copied to the CP part. From the system overhead, when the number of chips in the second OFDM classification is large, the system overhead is controllable, as shown in Table 9 below.

[0290] Table 9

[0291] Embodiment 4 corresponding to scheme 4

[0292] The plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol included in the R2D signal are divided into two categories, and the lengths of chips associated with the first chip classification and the second chip classification are different. For example, the first chip classification is associated with a first chip length, and the second chip classification is associated with a second chip length.

[0293] The first chip classification is used for data transmission associated with information bits or encoding bits of information bits, and the level value associated with the second chip classification is equal to a fixed or pre-agreed pattern or level value.

[0294] For example, one OFDM symbol contains M chips, which are divided into two groups (the first chip group contains M1 chips, and the second chip group contains M2 chips, optionally, M1+M2=M, and optionally, M2=2). The first chip group is associated with line code encoding bits of information bits, and the first chip group is associated with a first chip length (the first chip length is not necessarily only one length, for example, when M=16, the first chip length can be 8; when M=24, the first chip length can be [5, 6]); the second chip group is associated with a second chip length, and the level value associated with the second chip group is equal to a fixed or pre-agreed pattern / level value.

[0295] In this embodiment, the first chip group is associated with the first chip length, which is the same as in Embodiment 3, but the level value associated with the second chip group is not necessarily equal to the level value associated with the first chip of the first chip group in the last one or two chips in Embodiment 3. In this embodiment, the level value associated with the second chip group has no relationship with the level value associated with the first chip of the first chip group. As shown in Table 10:

[0296] Table 10

[0297] In Table 10, the number of chips M1 of the first chip group is 2, 4, 8, 16, or 24; the number of chips M2 of the second chip group is 2, and the second chip length associated with the second chip group is 5; the level value associated with the second chip group can be a specific value pre-agreed by the protocol, or a specific rule agreed by the protocol, as shown in Table 10. Different values of M1 support different level value mapping / line code encoding methods. When the number of chips of the first chip group is a first value, for example, when the first value of M1 is 2, 4, or 8, the level value associated with the second chip group is different, for example, [1, 0] or [0, 1]; when the number of chips of the first chip group is a second value, for example, when the second value of M1 is 24, the level value associated with the second chip group is the same, for example, [0, 0] or [1, 1]. In this embodiment, although there is no limitation that the level value corresponding to the second chip group is equal to the level value associated with the first chip, because the length and the corresponding level value of the two chips of the second chip group in this embodiment are obviously different from those of the data chip, the device can use this feature to eliminate the additional rising edge / falling edge caused by the CP.

[0298] Embodiment 5 corresponding to Scheme 5

[0299] Each of the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol included in the R2D signal is classified into two categories;

[0300] Each of the chips in the first chip category is associated with one level value, and each of the chips in the second chip category is associated with at least one level value;

[0301] One or more of the at least one level value is used for data transmission, and one or more of the at least one level value is used for aligning with the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0302] In the embodiment, the following applies:

[0303] 1) One OFDM symbol contains M chips and is classified into two categories, the number of chips in the first chip category is M1, and the number of chips in the second chip category is M2.

[0304] 2) The M chips have the same length.

[0305] Optionally, M is an even number, for example, M = 2, 4, 8, 16, 32.

[0306] 3) Each chip in the first chip category is associated with one level (high level "1" or low level "0"). Each chip in the second chip category is associated with at least one level, and in some embodiments, each chip is associated with 1 or 2 different levels.

[0307] 4) The part or all of the level values associated with the second chip category in the OFDM symbol are equal to the level value associated with the first chip in the same OFDM symbol or are a level value predefined by the protocol.

[0308] As shown in FIG. 8, the last chip in the second chip category is associated with two level values, the first level value is used for data transmission, and the second level value is used for aligning with the level value of the first chip in the first chip category.

[0309] Embodiment 6 corresponding to scheme 6

[0310] Each of the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol included in the R2D signal is classified into two categories;

[0311] The first chip category is associated with at least one chip length, and the first chip category is used for data transmission of associated information bits or encoded bits of information bits;

[0312] The number of chips in the second chip category is an even number.

[0313] The second chip classification, for example, includes two chips, and a chip length associated with the second last chip is less than or equal to a chip length associated with the last chip.

[0314] In some embodiments, the second chip classification is used for data transmission of information bits or encoded bits of the information bits.

[0315] In some embodiments, a level value associated with the last chip in the second chip classification is the same as a level value associated with the first chip in the first chip classification.

[0316] An embodiment corresponding to the embodiment 1 of the scheme 6:

[0317] Each chip in the first chip classification is associated with a same chip length.

[0318] The last chip in the second chip classification is associated with a chip length greater than or equal to a length of a cyclic prefix; and / or, a sum of chip lengths associated with two chips in the second chip classification is twice a chip length associated with the first chip classification.

[0319] In this embodiment, the second chip classification includes two chips, and a length of the first chip is less than or equal to a length of the second chip.

[0320] An embodiment corresponding to the embodiment 2 of the scheme 6:

[0321] The first chip classification is associated with at least one chip length.

[0322] The last chip in the second chip classification is associated with a chip length greater than or equal to a length of a cyclic prefix; and / or, a minimum value of chip lengths associated with two chips in the second chip classification is greater than or equal to a minimum value of the at least one chip length; and / or, the first chip is associated with the minimum value of the at least one chip length.

[0323] In this embodiment, the second chip classification includes two chips, and a length of the first chip is less than or equal to a length of the second chip.

[0324] In some embodiments, a total number of chips M in one OFDM symbol is greater than or equal to a preset value. For example, the value of M is not less than 4.

[0325] Table 11

[0326] As shown in Table 11, since the length of the last chip of the second chip classification is greater than / equal to the short or long CP length (in NR, the 1st and 8th symbols of each slot correspond to the long CP, and the other symbols correspond to the short CP, assuming a 1,92M sampling rate, the short CP corresponds to 9 samples, and the long CP corresponds to 10 samples), no additional rising edge / falling edge will be caused within the CP.

[0327] If the sum of the lengths of the two chips of the second chip classification is equal to 2 times the length of the chip of the first chip classification. It is beneficial for the R2D preamble to accurately indicate the chip length, because the average of the lengths of the last two chips is equal to the length of the first chip of the first chip classification.

[0328] When the first chip classification corresponds to two chip lengths, optionally, the minimum of the two chip lengths of the second chip classification is not less than the minimum of the chip lengths of the first chip classification. In this way, when the second chip classification is used for data transmission, the performance will not be worse than that of the first chip classification; and since the first chip of the first chip classification corresponds to the minimum of the two chip lengths, it is beneficial for the device to determine that the CP is an invalid chip when the CP length is significantly greater than the length of the first chip of the first chip classification, so that the device determines that the CP is an invalid chip. Since the second chip classification can be used for data transmission, the system overhead is 0.

[0329] It should be noted that, for each of the foregoing method embodiments, in order to simply describe, each is described as a combination of a series of actions, but those skilled in the art can understand that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited by the order of the described actions, because according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, certain steps can be performed in other order or simultaneously. Those skilled in the art can understand that the embodiments described in the specification all belong to optional embodiments.

[0330] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, which is applied to a reading device, as shown in FIG. 9, the signal transmission device includes but is not limited to: a determination unit 91, a generation unit 92 and a sending unit 93, and the specific description is as follows:

[0331] The determination unit 91 is configured to determine chip-related information.

[0332] The generation unit 92 is configured to generate a reading device to environment Internet of Things device R2D signal based on the chip-related information, the R2D signal includes at least one OFDM symbol, and the R2D signal includes: chips carrying information within the OFDM symbol, and / or chips not carrying information or carrying new information, and a cyclic prefix.

[0333] The sending unit 93 is configured to send the R2D signal to the environmental IoT device.

[0334] In some embodiments, the sending unit 93 is further configured to indicate the chip-related information to the device.

[0335] In some embodiments, the sending unit 93 indicates the chip-related information to the device, including:

[0336] The sending unit 93 is configured to send the preamble signal to the terminal, and indicate the chip-related information in the preamble signal.

[0337] In some embodiments, each OFDM symbol corresponds to a plurality of chips, and each chip corresponds to the same chip length.

[0338] In some embodiments, the number of the plurality of chips is even, and the plurality of chips are divided into two categories, a first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or encoding bits of the information bits, and a second chip category has each chip associated with a level value, and the level value is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0339] In some embodiments, the number of the plurality of chips is odd, and the plurality of chips are divided into two categories, a first chip category contains an even number of chips used for data transmission associated with information bits or encoding bits of the information bits, and a second chip category contains one chip, and a chip in the second chip category is associated with a level value, and the level value is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0340] In some embodiments, at least one OFDM symbol is divided into two categories, a first OFDM category has a first number of chips corresponding to an OFDM symbol, and a second OFDM category has a second number of chips corresponding to an OFDM symbol, and the first number is less than the second number.

[0341] In some embodiments, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes a plurality of chips, each chip in the plurality of chips has the same length, and the plurality of chips are associated with level values of a plurality of encoding bits of information bits.

[0342] Each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category includes a plurality of chips, the plurality of chips are divided into two categories, a first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or encoding bits of the information bits, and a second chip category has each chip associated with a level value, and the level value is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0343] In some embodiments, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes an odd number of chips, the odd number of chips is divided into two categories, the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of the information bits, and the second chip category includes one chip, and the chip in the second chip category is associated with a same level value as a first chip in the first chip category.

[0344] Each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category includes an even number of chips, the even number of chips is divided into two categories, the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of the information bits, and each chip in the second chip category is associated with a level value, and the level value is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0345] In some embodiments, the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol is divided into two categories, and the first chip category and the second chip category are associated with different chip lengths.

[0346] In some embodiments, at least one chip in the first chip category is associated with a first chip length.

[0347] One chip in the second chip category is associated with a second chip length, and a level value associated with the one chip is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0348] In some embodiments, the first chip category is associated with at least one chip length, and the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of the information bits.

[0349] The second chip category is associated with one chip length, and a level value associated with the second chip category is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0350] In some embodiments, at least one OFDM symbol is divided into two categories, the maximum number of chips corresponding to an OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category is a first number, and the minimum number of chips corresponding to an OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category is a second number, and the first number is less than the second number.

[0351] In some embodiments, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes a plurality of chips, each chip in the plurality of chips has a same length, and the plurality of chips is associated with level values of a plurality of coded bits of information bits.

[0352] Each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category includes a plurality of chips, the plurality of chips is divided into two categories, the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of the information bits, and a level value associated with the second chip category is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0353] In some embodiments, the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol is divided into two categories, the first chip category and the second chip category are associated with different chip lengths;

[0354] The first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or encoded bits of information bits, and the level value associated with the second chip category is equal to a fixed or pre-agreed pattern or level value.

[0355] In some embodiments, the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol is divided into two categories;

[0356] Each chip in the first chip category is associated with a level value, and each chip in the second chip category is associated with at least one level value;

[0357] One or more of the at least one level value is used for data transmission, and one or more of the at least one level value is used to align with the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0358] In some embodiments, the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol is divided into two categories;

[0359] The first chip category is associated with at least one chip length, and the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or encoded bits of information bits;

[0360] The number of chips in the second chip category is even.

[0361] In some embodiments, the second chip category includes two chips, and the penultimate chip in the two chips is associated with a chip length less than or equal to the chip length associated with the last chip.

[0362] In some embodiments, the second chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or encoded bits of information bits.

[0363] In some embodiments, the level value associated with the last chip in the second chip category is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0364] In some embodiments, each chip in the first chip category is associated with the same chip length;

[0365] The chip length associated with the last chip in the second chip category is greater than or equal to the length of the cyclic prefix; and / or, the sum of the chip lengths associated with the two chips in the second chip category is twice the same chip length.

[0366] In some embodiments, the first chip category is associated with at least one chip length;

[0367] the length of the last chip associated with the second chip classification is greater than or equal to the length of the cyclic prefix; and / or, the minimum value of the lengths of the two chips associated with the second chip classification is greater than or equal to the minimum value of the at least one chip length; and / or, the first chip is associated with the minimum value of the at least one chip length in the first chip classification.

[0368] In some embodiments, the chip-related information comprises at least one of:

[0369] the length of the chip, the number of chips within one OFDM symbol, mode information of the length of the chip, the number of chips carrying information, the number of chips not carrying information or carrying new information.

[0370] Details of the embodiments of the signal transmission apparatus shown in FIG. 9 can refer to the embodiments of the signal transmission method shown in FIG. 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0371] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which is applied to a device. As shown in FIG. 10, the signal transmission apparatus comprises but is not limited to an obtaining unit 1001, a receiving unit 1002 and a detecting unit 1003, and specific descriptions are as follows:

[0372] The obtaining unit 1001 is configured to obtain chip-related information.

[0373] The receiving unit 1002 is configured to receive an R2D signal sent by a reading device.

[0374] The detecting unit 1003 is configured to detect R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal based on the chip-related information.

[0375] In some embodiments, the obtaining unit 1001 is configured to:

[0376] receive chip-related information indicated by the reading device, and / or determine the chip-related information based on a protocol definition.

[0377] In some embodiments, the chip-related information determined by the obtaining unit 1001 based on the protocol definition is associated with the chip-related information indicated by the reading device.

[0378] In some embodiments, the obtaining unit 1001 receives chip-related information indicated by the reading device, comprising:

[0379] receive a preamble signal sent by a network device;

[0380] determine the chip-related information based on the preamble signal.

[0381] In some embodiments, the detecting unit 1003 is configured to:

[0382] determine the cyclic prefix of the R2D signal, and / or, the chips carrying information within the OFDM symbol, and / or, the chips not carrying information or carrying new information, based on the chip-related information;

[0383] obtain the level value corresponding to the chips carrying information within the OFDM symbol based on the pre-defined rule of the protocol;

[0384] parse the R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal based on the level value corresponding to the chips carrying information within the OFDM symbol.

[0385] Details of each embodiment of the signal transmission apparatus shown in FIG. 10 can refer to each embodiment of the signal transmission method shown in FIG. 3, and will not be repeated here.

[0386] The embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a processor-readable storage medium, which stores a program for causing a processor to execute the steps of each embodiment of the signal transmission method. The processor-readable storage medium can be any available medium or data storage device that a processor can access, including but not limited to a magnetic storage (such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape, a magneto-optical disk (MO), etc.), an optical storage (such as a CD, a DVD, a BD, a HVD, etc.), and a semiconductor storage (such as a ROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM, a non-volatile memory (NAND FLASH), a solid-state disk (SSD), etc.).

[0387] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a reading device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 11, the reading device provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory 1101, a transceiver 1102, and a processor 1103:

[0388] The memory 1101 is configured to store a computer program; the transceiver 1102 is configured to transceive data under the control of the processor 1103; and the processor 1103 is configured to read the computer program in the memory 1101 and perform:

[0389] determine the chip-related information;

[0390] generate an R2D signal of the reading device to the environmental Internet of Things device based on the chip-related information, the R2D signal including at least one OFDM symbol, wherein the R2D signal includes: chips carrying information within the OFDM symbol, and / or, chips not carrying information or carrying new information, and a cyclic prefix;

[0391] transmit the R2D signal to the environmental Internet of Things device.

[0392] In some embodiments, the processor 1103 is further configured to indicate the chip-related information to the device.

[0393] In some embodiments, the device is indicated with the chip related information, including:

[0394] The terminal is sent with a preamble signal, in which the chip related information is indicated.

[0395] In some embodiments, each OFDM symbol corresponds to a plurality of chips, each chip corresponds to the same chip length.

[0396] In some embodiments, the number of the plurality of chips is even, the plurality of chips is divided into two categories, the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or encoding bits of information bits, and each chip in the second chip category is associated with a level value, which is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0397] In some embodiments, the number of the plurality of chips is odd, the plurality of chips is divided into two categories, the first chip category contains an even number of chips for data transmission associated with information bits or encoding bits of information bits, and the second chip category contains one chip, the chip in the second chip category is associated with a level value, which is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0398] In some embodiments, at least one OFDM symbol is divided into two categories, the maximum number of chips corresponding to the OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category is the first number, and the minimum number of chips corresponding to the OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category is the second number, the first number is less than the second number.

[0399] In some embodiments, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes a plurality of chips, each chip in the plurality of chips has the same length, and the plurality of chips is associated with a plurality of encoding bits of information bits.

[0400] Each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category includes a plurality of chips, the plurality of chips is divided into two categories, the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or encoding bits of information bits, and each chip in the second chip category is associated with a level value, which is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0401] In some embodiments, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes an odd number of chips, the odd number of chips is divided into two categories, the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or encoding bits of information bits, and the second chip category contains one chip, the chip in the second chip category is associated with a level value, which is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0402] Each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category includes an even number of chips, the even number of chips are divided into two categories, the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of the information bits, and each chip in the second chip category is associated with a level value, the level value is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0403] In some embodiments, the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol are divided into two categories, and the chip length associated with the first chip category is different from the chip length associated with the second chip category.

[0404] In some embodiments, at least one chip in the first chip category is associated with a first chip length.

[0405] One chip in the second chip category is associated with a second chip length, and a level value associated with the one chip is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0406] In some embodiments, the first chip category is associated with at least one chip length, and the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of the information bits.

[0407] The second chip category is associated with one chip length, and a level value associated with the second chip category is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0408] In some embodiments, at least one OFDM symbol is divided into two categories, the maximum number of chips corresponding to an OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category is a first number, and the minimum number of chips corresponding to an OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category is a second number, the first number is less than the second number.

[0409] In some embodiments, each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes a plurality of chips, each chip in the plurality of chips has the same length, and the plurality of chips are associated with level values of a plurality of coded bits of information bits.

[0410] Each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category includes a plurality of chips, the plurality of chips are divided into two categories, the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of the information bits, and a level value associated with the second chip category is the same as a level value associated with a first chip in the first chip category.

[0411] In some embodiments, the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol are divided into two categories, and the chip length associated with the first chip category is different from the chip length associated with the second chip category.

[0412] The first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of the information bits, and a level value associated with the second chip category is equal to a fixed or pre-agreed pattern or level value.

[0413] In some embodiments, the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol is classified into two categories;

[0414] Each chip in the first chip category is associated with one level value, and each chip in the second chip category is associated with at least one level value;

[0415] One or more of the at least one level value is used for data transmission, and one or more of the at least one level value is aligned with the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0416] In some embodiments, the plurality of chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol is classified into two categories;

[0417] The first chip category is associated with at least one chip length, and the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of information bits;

[0418] The number of chips in the second chip category is even.

[0419] In some embodiments, the second chip category includes two chips, and the penultimate chip in the two chips is associated with a chip length less than or equal to the chip length associated with the last chip.

[0420] In some embodiments, the second chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of information bits.

[0421] In some embodiments, the level value associated with the last chip in the second chip category is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

[0422] In some embodiments, each chip in the first chip category is associated with the same chip length;

[0423] The chip length associated with the last chip in the second chip category is greater than or equal to the length of the cyclic prefix; and / or, the sum of the chip lengths associated with the two chips in the second chip category is twice the same chip length.

[0424] In some embodiments, the first chip category is associated with at least one chip length;

[0425] The chip length associated with the last chip in the second chip category is greater than or equal to the length of the cyclic prefix; and / or, the minimum value of the chip lengths associated with the two chips in the second chip category is greater than or equal to the minimum value of the at least one chip length; and / or, the first chip in the first chip category is associated with the minimum value of the at least one chip length.

[0426] In some embodiments, the chip-related information includes at least one of the following:

[0427] chip length, the number of chips within one OFDM symbol, mode information of the chip length, the number of chips carrying information, the number of chips not carrying information, or the number of chips carrying new information.

[0428] In FIG. 11, the transceiver 1102 is configured to receive and transmit data under the control of the processor 1103. The bus architecture can include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges, and the various circuitry represented by the processor 1103 and the memory 1101, which can be one or more processors and memories, linked through a bus or through one or more bridges as can be desired. The bus architecture can also include various other circuitry that can be desired, such as power management, clocking and / or other elements, as is well known in the art. The bus interface provides an interface to the bus architecture. The transceiver 1102 can be a plurality of elements including a transmitter and a receiver, which are configured to provide a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium, including a wireless channel, a wired channel, optical fiber cable, or other transmission media. The processor 1103 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 1101 can store data used by the processor 1103 in executing its operations.

[0429] In FIG. 11, the processor 1103 can be an integrated circuit chip that has a processing capability for signals. In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by integrated logic circuitry of hardware in the processor 1103 or by instructions in the form of software. The processor 1103 can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor.

[0430] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 12, the apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory 1201, a transceiver 1202, and a processor 1203:

[0431] The memory 1201 is configured to store a computer program; the transceiver 1202 is configured to transceive data under the control of the processor 1203; and the processor 1203 is configured to read the computer program in the memory 1201 and perform:

[0432] The memory is configured to store a computer program; the transceiver is configured to transceive data under the control of the processor; and the processor is configured to read the computer program in the memory and perform:

[0433] Obtain chip-related information;

[0434] Receives R2D signals sent by the reading device;

[0435] Based on chip-related information, detect the R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal.

[0436] In some embodiments, obtaining chip-related information includes:

[0437] Receive chip-related information from the reading device and / or determine chip-related information based on protocol predefined parameters.

[0438] In some embodiments, chip-related information determined based on a protocol predefined is associated with chip-related information indicated by the reading device.

[0439] In some embodiments, receiving chip-related information indicated by the reading device includes:

[0440] Receive the preamble signal sent by the network device;

[0441] The chip information is determined based on the preamble signal.

[0442] In some embodiments, detecting R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with an R2D signal based on chip-related information includes:

[0443] Based on chip-related information, determine the cyclic prefix of the R2D signal, and / or the chip carrying information within the OFDM symbol, and / or the chip that does not carry information or carries new information;

[0444] Based on the predefined rules of the protocol, obtain the level value corresponding to the chip carrying information within the OFDM symbol;

[0445] Based on the level value corresponding to the chip carrying information within the OFDM symbol, the R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal is analyzed.

[0446] In Figure 12, transceiver 1202 is used to receive and transmit data under the control of processor 1203. The bus architecture can include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically linking various circuits of one or more processors represented by processor 1203 and memory represented by memory 1201. The bus architecture can also link various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further herein. The bus interface provides an interface. Transceiver 1202 can be multiple elements, including transmitters and receivers, providing units for communicating with various other devices over transmission media, including wireless channels, wired channels, optical fibers, etc. Processor 1203 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and memory 1201 can store data used by processor 1203 during operation.

[0447] In Figure 12, processor 1203 can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method can be completed through integrated logic circuits in the hardware of processor 1203 or through software instructions. Processor 1203 can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0448] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0449] Those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments described herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not others, combinations of features from different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of this disclosure and form different embodiments.

[0450] Those skilled in the art will understand that the descriptions of the various embodiments have different focuses, and for parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0451] Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and all such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A signal transmission method, wherein, The method applied to a reading device comprises: determining chip-related information; generating a reading device to environment Internet of Things device (R2D) signal based on the chip-related information, the R2D signal comprising at least one OFDM symbol, wherein the R2D signal further comprises at least one of the following: chips carrying information within an OFDM symbol, chips carrying no information or new information, or a cyclic prefix; sending the R2D signal to the environment Internet of Things device.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises: indicating the chip-related information to the device.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The indication of the chip-related information to the device comprises: sending a preamble signal to the terminal, the chip-related information being indicated in the preamble signal.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, Each OFDM symbol corresponds to a plurality of chips, each chip corresponding to the same chip length.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The number of the plurality of chips is even, and the plurality of chips are divided into two categories, a first chip category for data transmission associated with information bits or encoding bits of information bits, and a second chip category in which each chip is associated with a level value, the level value being the same as that associated with the first chip.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein, The number of the plurality of chips is odd, and the plurality of chips are divided into two categories, a first chip category containing an even number of chips for data transmission associated with information bits or encoding bits of information bits, and a second chip category containing one chip, the level value associated with the chip in the second chip category being the same as that associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein, The at least one OFDM symbol is divided into two categories, a first OFDM category in which the maximum number of chips corresponding to an OFDM symbol is a first number, and a second OFDM category in which the minimum number of chips corresponding to an OFDM symbol is a second number, the first number being less than the second number.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, Each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category comprises a plurality of chips, each chip in the plurality of chips having the same length, and the plurality of chips being associated with level values of a plurality of encoding bits of information bits. Each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category comprises a plurality of chips, the plurality of chips being divided into two categories, a first chip category for data transmission associated with information bits or encoding bits of information bits, and a second chip category in which each chip is associated with a level value, the level value being the same as that associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein, Each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category comprises an odd number of chips, the odd number of chips being divided into two categories, a first chip category for data transmission associated with information bits or encoding bits of information bits, and a second chip category containing one chip, the level value associated with the chip in the second chip category being the same as that associated with the first chip in the first chip category. Each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category comprises an even number of chips, the even number of chips being divided into two categories, a first chip category for data transmission associated with information bits or encoding bits of information bits, and a second chip category in which each chip is associated with a level value, the level value being the same as that associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein, The multiple chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol are divided into two categories, and the chip length associated with the first chip category is different from the chip length associated with the second chip category.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein, At least one chip in the first chip category is associated with a first chip length. One chip in the second chip category is associated with a second chip length, and the level value associated with the one chip is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein, The first chip category is associated with at least one chip length, and the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of information bits. The second chip category is associated with one chip length, and the level value associated with the second chip category is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein, The at least one OFDM symbol is divided into two categories, the maximum number of chips corresponding to an OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category is a first number, and the minimum number of chips corresponding to an OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category is a second number, and the first number is less than the second number.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein, Each OFDM symbol in the first OFDM category includes multiple chips, each chip in the multiple chips has the same length, and the multiple chips are associated with the level values of multiple coded bits of information bits. Each OFDM symbol in the second OFDM category includes multiple chips, the multiple chips are divided into two categories, the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of information bits, and the level value associated with the second chip category is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein, The multiple chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol are divided into two categories, and the chip length associated with the first chip category is different from the chip length associated with the second chip category. The first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of information bits, and the level value associated with the second chip category is equal to a fixed or pre-agreed pattern or level value.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein, The multiple chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol are divided into two categories. Each chip in the first chip category is associated with one level value, and each chip in the second chip category is associated with at least one level value. One or more of the at least one level value is used for data transmission, and one or more of the at least one level value is used to align with the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein, The multiple chips corresponding to each OFDM symbol are divided into two categories. The first chip category is associated with at least one chip length, and the first chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of information bits. The number of chips in the second chip category is even.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein, The second chip category includes two chips, and the chip length associated with the second-to-last chip is less than or equal to the chip length associated with the last chip; and / or, The second chip category is used for data transmission associated with information bits or coded bits of information bits; and / or, The level value associated with the last chip in the second chip category is the same as the level value associated with the first chip in the first chip category.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein, each chip in the first chip category is associated with a same chip length; a last chip in the second chip category is associated with a chip length greater than or equal to a length of a cyclic prefix; and / or, a sum of chip lengths associated with two chips in the second chip category is twice the same chip length.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein, the first chip category is associated with at least one chip length; a last chip in the second chip category is associated with a chip length greater than or equal to a length of a cyclic prefix; and / or, a minimum of chip lengths associated with two chips in the second chip category is greater than or equal to a minimum of the at least one chip length; and / or, a first chip in the first chip category is associated with the minimum of the at least one chip length.

21. The method of claim 1, wherein, The chip-related information includes at least one of: a chip length, a number of chips within one OFDM symbol, mode information of the chip length, a number of chips carrying information, a number of chips not carrying information or carrying new information.

22. A signal transmission method applied to an environmental Internet of Things device, the method comprising: receiving an R2D signal sent by a reading device; based on the obtained chip-related information, detecting R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein, The chip-related information is obtained by: receiving chip-related information indicated by the reading device, and / or determining the chip-related information based on a protocol predefinition.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein, The chip-related information determined based on the protocol predefinition is associated with the chip-related information indicated by the reading device.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein, The receiving of the chip-related information indicated by the reading device comprises: receiving a preamble signal sent by a network device; determining the chip-related information based on the preamble signal.

26. The method of claim 22, wherein, The detection of the R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal based on the chip-related information comprises: based on the chip-related information, determining a cyclic prefix of the R2D signal, and / or a chip within an OFDM symbol carrying information, and / or a chip not carrying information or carrying new information; based on a protocol predefinition rule, obtaining a level value corresponding to the chip within the OFDM symbol carrying information; based on the level value corresponding to the chip within the OFDM symbol carrying information, parsing the R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal.

27. A signal transmission apparatus applied to a reading device, the apparatus comprising: a determination unit configured to determine chip-related information; a generation unit configured to generate, based on the chip-related information, a reading device to environmental Internet of Things device (R2D) signal, the R2D signal comprising at least one OFDM symbol, wherein the R2D signal further comprises at least one of: a chip within an OFDM symbol carrying information, a chip not carrying information or carrying new information, and a cyclic prefix; a sending unit configured to send the R2D signal to an environmental Internet of Things device.

28. A signal transmission apparatus applied to a device, the apparatus comprising: a receiving unit configured to receive an R2D signal sent by a reading device; detecting, by a detection unit, R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal based on the obtained chip-related information.

29. A reading device, comprising a memory, a transceiver, a processor; the memory is configured to store a computer program; the transceiver is configured to transceive data under control of the processor; and the processor is configured to read the computer program in the memory and perform: determining chip-related information; generating a reader-to-environment Internet of Things device (R2D) signal based on the chip correlation information, the R2D signal including at least one OFDM symbol, wherein, the R2D signal further comprises at least one of the following: chips carrying information within an OFDM symbol, chips carrying no information or new information, a cyclic prefix; sending the R2D signal to the environmental IoT device.

30. A device, comprising a memory, a transceiver, a processor; the memory is configured to store a computer program; the transceiver is configured to transceive data under control of the processor; and the processor is configured to read the computer program in the memory and perform: receiving the R2D signal sent by a reading device; detecting, by a detection unit, R2D information carried by at least one chip associated with the R2D signal based on the obtained chip-related information.

31. A processor-readable storage medium, wherein, The processor-readable storage medium stores a program for causing the processor to perform the signal transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 21 or the signal transmission method according to any one of claims 22 to 26.

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