Aerospace electric motor using pulsed electromagnetic waves

Abstract

An aerospace electric motor using pulsed electromagnetic waves is a 100% electric motor that allows thrust to be generated even in the vacuum of space using high-voltage generators to charge low-inductance capacitors that are subsequently discharged onto field pulse emitters, whether these are electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic field pulse emitters, using electronic synchronisation and control circuits to generate high-power field pulses lasting fractions of a nanosecond, thereby achieving sustained thrust without the use of fuel or propellant. This technology is based on the concept that a force field can alter the dynamic state of a susceptible body without involving a momentum balance.

Description

Pulsed Electromagnetic Wave Aerospace Electric Motor

[0001] The present invention is developed in the field of electromagnetic theory, electronic engineering, physical engineering and aerospace engineering since it involves the design of high-power electronic circuits, handling of magnetic fields and electronic properties of matter.

[0002] The aerospace industry currently requires a disruptive change in its propulsion systems, as jet engines are reaching their limits in terms of capacity and efficiency. This includes not only older chemical engines but also ion and Hall effect engines. Therefore, several initiatives and proposals exist for the development of a 100% electric space propulsion engine that uses no fuels or propellants, relying entirely on electrical energy.

[0003] In 2016, we filed a patent application of our own entitled “Ultra High Frequency Electromagnetic Motor” for a technology for the development of 100 percent electric space-use motors based on the concept we call de-rooted field pulses. This patent has already been granted in several countries, including the United States of America, US11,358,741 B2; China, ZL 2017 8 0061099.8; Russia, Pat. N. 044440; Japan, Patent N. 7067719; Mexico, patent title 397360; Israel, patent certificate N.265715; and other countries.

[0004] The current patent application is a continuation of this technology, but with a specific focus on how to perform the various electronic and physical assemblies necessary to achieve different configurations of motors or drives based on the operating principle of uprooted electromagnetic fields. Brief description of the invention

[0005] The technology of driving using de-rooted electromagnetic fields requires the generation of extremely brief and powerful electric or magnetic field pulses involving the handling of high voltages of 10,000 to 50,000 Volts and currents of several hundred amperes, but with a duration of less than one nanosecond. This is necessary to achieve the de-rooting of the generated field pulses. Since solid-state electronics, in terms of handling high power, can currently only reach voltage levels below 2,000 Volts, it is necessary to use a combination of active and passive electronic circuits to achieve not only the emission of electric or magnetic field pulses with the necessary pulse width and magnitude characteristics, but also to synchronize the emission of several pulses over a certain time interval.All of this leads to the need for efficient, high-power power supplies capable of handling high voltage and current levels, the development of control circuits that allow for precise determination of the discharge of different pulses to the tenth of a nanosecond, and consequently, it is also advisable to have an energy recovery system that increases the operating efficiency of the motors by generating electrical energy from some of the thermal energy inevitably generated during the production of the field pulses.

[0006] The operation of unrooted force field motors is based on electromagnetic theory, specifically on the application of Maxwell's equations. However, to generate the required magnetic or electric field pulses, it is necessary to optimize all electrical and electronic circuits. Since operating at such high frequency and power levels, it is imperative to reduce the inductance inherent in the wiring and any parasitic electrical elements of each electronic component.

[0007] It demonstrates the basic operating principle of an unrooted field motor.

[0008] It shows the basic structure of an unrooted field motor using parallel conductors for the generation of interacting magnetic field pulses.

[0009] The sample shows a magnetic field pulse generator circuit consisting of an emitting conductor connected to an electronic circuit that produces intense pulses of electric current on it, which in turn, according to Maxwell's equations, generates magnetic field pulses.

[0010] The electronic circuit for generating magnetic field pulses in a motor of uprooted force fields with attraction effect between the conductors is shown.

[0011] Lapresenta un ejemplo del calculación del fuerza genera por unebajos motores de campos de étrandon e nós el estructura de paralelo conductors empéminadores de pulso de métradores de métrados de campo magnetic y donde los conductors son se nópenal a la lado al cada se étrandon a étrandon a étrandon a étrandon a étrandon un ejemplo del calculación del fuerza genera por un étrandon ...

[0012] It shows an electromechanical structure of an unrooted field motor.

[0013] It shows the structure and circuits of an unrooted field motor based on electric field pulses.

[0014] The diagram shows an unrooted field motor based on the use of dual polarity magnetic field pulses.

[0015] It presents the heat extraction subsystem from the electrodes of the discharge chambers. Detailed description of the invention

[0016] The de-rooted force field engine is a 100% electric propulsion engine specifically designed for use in satellites and spacecraft. Its main advantage is that it only requires electrical energy for operation and does not need liquid fuels or propellants, unlike chemical thrusters and ion engines. Its operation is based on the concept of electromagnetic field de-rooting. This principle can be seen in Figure 1, where the propagation of electric and magnetic fields has been simplified and represented by arrows to facilitate the explanation of concepts and focus attention on the interaction that is of primary interest, which allows the generation of thrust and, consequently, impulse.In a primary field emitter (4) and a secondary field emitter (3), devices designed to emit electric fields or magnetic fields, specifically mostly magnetic field pulses or mostly electric field pulses, since these impulse motors can be designed using mostly electric fields or mostly magnetic fields, both field emitters are fixed to the same support structure (2) by means of fixing elements (1), the primary field emitter (4) emits primary field pulses (5) of very short duration (w) that are repeated many times per second and must comply with the pulse duration ratio (w):,

[0017]

[0018] where d is the distance between both field emitters and c is the speed of light, such that the primary field emitter (4) emits a primary field pulse (5) which travels through the space between the primary field emitter (4) and the secondary field emitter (3) at the speed of light, but before the front of the primary field pulse (5) reaches the secondary field emitter (3), the primary field emitter (4) disappears as an active element, ending the generation of the primary field pulse (5), which continues to travel through the space between both emitters but now detached or unaffected by any interaction with the primary field emitter (4) that created it. This is what we call detachment of the field pulse. This concept was already described in detail in a previous patent application of our authorship, a patent that has already been granted in various countries such as Russia, China, USA, Japan, Israel, Mexico and others.

[0019] When we talk about field pulses that are mostly electric or mostly magnetic, we mean that although generating a magnetic field pulse invariably generates another pulse, in this case an electric one, as a secondary effect and vice versa, we focus on taking advantage of only one or the other of these pulses, which for us becomes the predominant one.

[0020] Figure 2 shows this same operating principle, but in this case the device shown works by emitting magnetic field pulses, which are generated by two parallel current conductors that constitute the primary field emitter (4) and the secondary field emitter (3). These electrical conductors are wires with a specific geometry and very high conductivity that are fixed to a support structure (2) by means of fastening elements (1). This support structure (2) can have different geometries but is mainly made up of a tubular structure as can be seen in Figures 2 and 6 and is made of a non-conductive material that in turn allows the electrical or magnetic pulses generated inside the motor to be isolated so that they do not interfere with the electronic control circuits of the motor as well as with the circuits of the satellites or spacecraft in which this type of motor is installed.

[0021] When two parallel electrical conductors are supplied with electric current, each of them generates a magnetic field that in turn can generate a force of repulsion or attraction between both conductors depending on the direction of the current between both conductors; this force is given by the following equation:

[0022]

[0023] This equation is the same equation used to determine the value of the unit of electric current, “the ampere,” and is derived from Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetic theory where L is the total length of the conductors used as magnetic field pulse generators, d is the distance between both parallel conductors, I is the electric current through the conductor acting as the primary magnetic field generator or emitter (4), and I is the current through the conductor acting as the secondary magnetic field emitter (3), where to achieve greater efficiency in the production of the resulting forces, I is equal to I.

[0024] The graphs show time versus magnetic pulse intensity (B). These graphs show the time sequence with respect to the generation of the primary magnetic field pulses (5) and the secondary magnetic field pulses (6), as well as how a force is generated, in this case of repulsion, between the primary magnetic field pulse (5) and the secondary magnetic field pulse (6). Since the primary magnetic field pulse (5) is already detached from its origin when it interacts with the secondary magnetic field pulse (6), this generates a force (F) on the support structure (2). These force pulses, when multiplied by the time that the interaction between both magnetic field pulses (5,6) lasts, constitute a mini-pulse that is repeated many times per second. Therefore, from this, the pulse per second can be easily calculated based on the relationship between the pulse width (w) and the time between each pulse.

[0025] Having determined the characteristics that the generated field pulses must have based on the distance between the two pulse generators and the propagation speed of the magnetic field pulses, which is the speed of light, the problem to be solved to achieve field decoupling in this type of drive or motor, and which is the subject of this patent, lies in generating said field pulses. For practical purposes, these will be pulses with a duration close to one nanosecond and of high power. This requires high-voltage electronic circuits that allow for high values ​​of the field's derivative with respect to time. In the particular case where parallel electrical current conductors act as magnetic field pulse generators,The handling of high-amperage current pulses (hundreds of amperes) is necessary. For this, the parasitic inductances of the circuits must be considered relevant factors, as they tend to slow down or decrease the transition speeds of the currents in the conductors. This leads to the use of low-inductance capacitors that are charged to high voltages (thousands of volts) and subsequently discharged through the primary and secondary conductors. Since it is necessary to synchronize the current pulses through each of the two parallel conductors, controllable discharge elements with nanosecond firing resolution and high current capacity are required.as well as low discharge impedance. For this, we use a magnetic field pulse generator circuit like the one shown in Figure 3, which exemplifies the field pulse generation system using a primary magnetic field pulse emitter. The primary capacitor (8), connected at one end to ground, is charged at its other end to a high voltage in the range of 10,000 to 50,000 volts or more, by means of a high-voltage source (22) and through the primary load resistor (31) and the primary load inductor (33). The point where the terminal of the primary capacitor (8) and the circuit formed by the primary load inductor (33) and the primary load resistor (31) converge will reach a voltage that we call (Vc). To this point, the conductor that will constitute the primary field emitter (4) is connected, which in turn is connected to a control and synchronization element.This element is the primary discharge chamber (15) which is made up of a ceramic or refractory glass enclosure into which a gas is introduced at a certain pressure. Two electrodes penetrate the glass or ceramic cover of the primary discharge chamber (15) to constitute an anode and a cathode connected to ground. These electrodes are placed opposite each other and separated by a gap space in such a way that the maximum voltage to which the primary capacitor (8) is charged reaches a value close to, but lower than, the gap breakdown voltage between the two electrodes. A lateral electrode placed on the external surface of the primary discharge chamber (15) constitutes the primary firing control (18). This electrode is connected to the pulse synchronization unit in such a way that a pulse of (Vs) applied to said firing control,It is determined that at a given moment the internal voltage balance within the primary chamber (15) is altered, initiating a violent discharge of the primary capacitor (8) through the conductor that constitutes the primary field emitter (4). This process is equivalent to short-circuiting the primary discharge cathode (12) and the primary discharge anode (14). As can be seen in the time-voltage graphs of Figure 3, the voltage (Vc) will drop to a value close to zero until the current flow through the primary discharge chamber (15) ends. At that moment, the recharging of the primary capacitor (8) begins through the circuit formed by the primary load inductor (33) and the primary load resistor (31), and the cycle starts again to produce a new current pulse (Ip) through the conductor that constitutes the primary field emitter (4). The function of the load inductor (33) is very important and has two aspects,It allows the primary capacitor (8) to charge and restore its voltage after each generated pulse, but it also allows the primary capacitor (8) to discharge briefly due to the inertia or resistance to drastic change inherent in the inductance of this component. The voltage versus time graphs in Figure 3 show how the synchronization pulses (Vs) applied to the primary firing electrode (18) allow the generation of high-current pulses (Ip) with short duration and high current values ​​in the range of hundreds of amperes.

[0026] Using the previously described controlled magnetic pulse generator concept, we can extrapolate this concept to conceptualize the design of an impulse motor based on the concept of unrooted fields and using two conductors as magnetic field emitters, one primary and the other secondary. Figure 4 shows two low-inductance capacitors (7, 8) arranged so that they are charged to a high voltage and then discharged through two parallel conductors that constitute the primary magnetic field emitter (4) and the secondary magnetic field emitter (3). This discharge occurs through two discharge chambers: the primary discharge chamber (15) and the secondary discharge chamber (16). The discharge chambers (15, 16), as shown in Generic Figure 3, are enclosed chambers with refractory glass or ceramic walls containing a pressurized gas and housing two electrodes.An anode and a cathode, the primary and secondary capacitors (8,7), are charged to a voltage close to the breakdown threshold of the dielectric space between the electrodes of the discharge chambers in such a way that when a pulse is applied to the control electrodes (18,17) located on one of the walls of the discharge chambers (15,16), the dielectric “breaks” due to the potential imbalance they cause inside the chambers, allowing the flow of current that discharges the respective capacitors (8,7) to ground through the corresponding conductor that acts as a magnetic pulse generator, the charging elements of each capacitor are made up of a resistor and an inductor that allow both the charging of the capacitors and the momentary blocking of current to the capacitors during the brief discharge period, this due to the inertia provided by the inductance of the inductors,The series arrangement formed by the inductor (33) and the resistor (31) is responsible for the successive charging of the capacitor (8) once the latter is partially discharged through the conductor that constitutes the primary magnetic field emitter (4) while the conduction arc takes place between the primary discharge anode (14) and the primary discharge cathode (12) of the primary discharge chamber (15) upon receiving the firing command at the input of the primary firing electrode (18), and similarly the series arrangement of the secondary charging inductor (32) and the secondary charging resistor (30) has the function of charging the secondary capacitor (7).each time it has experienced its partial discharge through the conductor that constitutes the secondary field emitter (3) while the conduction arc takes place between the secondary discharge anode (13) and the secondary discharge cathode (11) of the secondary discharge chamber (16) upon receiving the firing command at the input of the secondary firing electrode (17).,

[0027] The voltage required for charging the capacitors comes from the high voltage source (22), which is calibrated to a voltage level below the electrical breakdown level of the gap or space between the anodes (13,14) and the cathodes (11,12) of the discharge chambers (15,16). If a voltage pulse is applied to the control electrode of the discharge chambers, this will cause the anode-cathode dielectric to break, initiating the discharge of the capacitors. The firing pulses, which control the synchronization in the generation of the primary-secondary magnetic field pulses, are emitted by the firing and pulse control pulse generator (19), which acts directly on the primary firing electrode (18) and indirectly on the secondary firing electrode (17) through a time delay circuit (20). This synchronizes and adequately separates the emitted primary and secondary pulses.The synchronized interaction between the magnetic fields generated by the currents (IpIs) through the discharge conductors when interacting, generates the forces that are used to create a resultant impulse on the structure on which the primary and secondary conductors are mounted, which in this case constitute the magnetic field pulse emitters.

[0028] The discharge process of the capacitors (8,7) through the discharge chambers (15,16) generates a large amount of heat at the respective anodes. This is why a primary heat guide (23) is placed over the primary discharge anode (14) and a secondary heat guide (21) over the secondary discharge anode (13). These components are strips of a material that is a good thermal conductor, either a metal or, even better, an anisotropic metamaterial such as carbon fiber heat guides, which allow the thermal flow to be directed in a single direction. The objective of using the heat guides is the partial recovery of the energy used for the generation of the magnetic field pulses.In this way, the primary heat guide (23) extracts heat energy from the primary discharge anode (14) to direct it to a primary thermoelectric converter (24) which allows charging a primary backup battery (25), thus reducing the amount of waste thermal energy that constitutes the primary heat surplus (26). The energy recovered in the primary backup battery (25) is incorporated into the general electrical energy reserve of the drive system. Likewise, the secondary heat guide (21) directs the thermal flow of the heat generated in the secondary discharge anode (13) towards the secondary thermoelectric converter (27), which allows partial energy recovery by charging the secondary backup battery (28), which is also incorporated into the general electrical energy supply of the drive, decreasing the amount of waste energy and leaving only the secondary heat surplus (29).

[0029] A primary magnetic shield (9) and a secondary magnetic shield (10) are placed between the field emitters (4,3) and their respective primary and secondary capacitors in order to facilitate the discharge process of the capacitors with a minimum of interference. This shielding material is essentially made of synthetic material that allows the blocking of electromagnetic radiation and in particular magnetic field pulses.

[0030] By generating magnetic field pulses according to the pre-established conditions of the relationship between the duration of each pulse (w), the distance between the magnetic field emitters (d), the length (L) of each of the conductors that act as magnetic field pulse emitters, and the magnetic pulse generating currents (Ip, Is), it is possible to calculate the maximum expected force with this type of impeller. Although the conductors that act as pulse generators can be simply straight conductors parallel to each other, it is more practical for them to be parallel conductors arranged in a circular shape as shown in Figure 5. In this figure, it can be seen that if the conductor is wound in a circle with a radius of 6.37 cm, the length L will be equal to 2πr = 0.2m (L=2πr = 0.2m).2 m) it is also convenient to make Is equal to Ip equal to I (Is = Ip = I) and with these parameters the equation for calculating the generated force shown in Figure 5 can be used as long as the conditions for the de-rooting of the field pulses are met. It is also important to note that this equation allows us to calculate the generated force in newtons, but this is only applied for a period of time approximately equal to (w) which is the duration of each primary magnetic field pulse. This allows us to calculate the impulse generated by each pulse and by multiplying this value by the factor (k) where k = w / w + x where x is the time that elapses between the emission of each primary magnetic pulse we can obtain the impulse per second in newtons. As can be clearly seen, the force and therefore the final impulse of the de-rooted field driver can be easily controlled by varying the time between pulses (x).

[0031] Based on this, the total impulse per second can be calculated, which will be equal to the force generated in each pulse multiplied by (k), which is equal to Fporky. Based on all this, the dynamic change in practical applications can be calculated according to the fact that the change in momentum is equal to the total impulse per second multiplied by the time t, where t is the total time during which the thrust of the motor or impeller is applied to the load.

[0032] Just as we have described the interrelation of components for the use of parallel conductors with electric currents flowing in the same direction (Ip, Is), it is possible to modify the diagram shown in Figure 4 by reversing the direction of the respective currents of one conductor with respect to the other. According to Maxwell's equations, if two parallel conductors carry currents in the same direction, an attractive force will be produced between them, while if the current in one of the parallel conductors travels in the opposite direction to the current in the other conductor, a repulsive force will be produced. In both cases, the final result on the impeller structure will be a force in one direction or in the opposite direction. It is also possible to combine three parallel conductors in such a way that, with the three at a distance y, determining the direction of current in each of the conductors,It is possible to take advantage of the combination of repulsion or attraction of the side conductors with respect to the central one to increase the final thrust obtained.

[0033] Figure 5 shows a dimensional and geometric example of the conductors that constitute the magnetic field pulse emitters, in the shape of a circle with a diameter of 6.37 cm. In this case, the length of the parallel conductors will be 0.2 m, which constitutes a conductor design that allows the manufacture of very compact drivers, as can be seen in Figure 6, where a cylindrical, rootless field driver with an outer diameter (a) less than 10 cm and a length (h) less than 15 cm is shown. One might think that, according to the equation that defines the force generated by these drivers, if longer conductors were used for the emission of the magnetic field pulses, greater forces could be obtained. However, this would prevent the generation of currents in the conductors in the form of very short-duration pulses, since with greater conductor length,The greater the inductance, the greater its inherent resistance to high current transition speeds. Similarly, one might think that decreasing the distance between the conductors, according to the equation defining force, could yield a greater resulting impulse. However, this, according to the equation defining pulse width or duration as a function of conductor distance, would require circuits capable of generating pulses of hundreds of amperes in the conductors with durations of tenths of a nanosecond, which is currently almost impossible. In summary, there is a relationship between the dimensions, the geometry of the conductors, the excitation voltages, the propagation speed of the fields, and the maximum pulse duration that establishes conditions imposing the final parameters for the construction of rootless field motors. The driving motor shown in Figure 6, given its dimensions,It can be combined in groups of 4, 9, or more units to provide a practical solution for aerospace propulsion, which is a better solution than attempting to design a single, larger unit until the state of the art allows it. The propellant shown in Figure 6 has a mounting flange (36) that allows it to be easily installed inside or outside satellites or spacecraft. In this case, the support structure (2) consists of a cylinder made of a material that blocks interference from the magnetic pulses generated inside, preventing them from affecting other systems. The conductors (4, 3) are firmly mounted on the support structure (2) using fasteners (1). Two caps hermetically seal the components inside the cylinder.The power electronic circuits (34) and the control electronic circuits (35) mounted on the control circuit printed circuit board (37) are also electromagnetically isolated to protect them from interference generated by the magnetic pulse emission conductors. A heat dissipation base (38) is attached to the battery bank (42) and forms one of the cylinder ends, becoming part of the thermal energy recovery system. The mounting cover (39) isolates the control circuits (35) and allows the mounting flange (36) to be attached. Both the mounting cover (39) and the heat dissipation base (38) close both sides of the cylinder that forms the support structure (2), hermetically sealing the components inside.

[0034] A second modality presented in the design of an unrooted field motor is one that employs predominantly electric field pulses instead of predominantly magnetic field pulses. This option is illustrated in Figure 7, where it can be seen that the field pulse emitters in this modality are two electrically conductive plates, the primary electric field emission plate (43) and the secondary electric field emission plate (44). Both plates are fixed to a support structure (2) with characteristics similar to those mentioned above on page 5 of this detailed description, by means of the primary support (40) and the secondary support (41) at a distance (d) between plates. When the electric field emission plates (43, 44) are supplied with a high voltage, an electric field is generated on the surface of the plates and perpendicular to them, which travels at the speed of light in space.The primary electric field emission plate (43), when powered by a high voltage pulse, emits an electric field pulse which in this case we will call the primary electric field pulse (45). Similarly, when the secondary electric field emission plate (44) is powered by a high voltage pulse, it will generate a secondary electric field pulse (46). To generate the high voltage pulses on the electric field emitting plates, an oscillation capacitor (57) is used, which is charged to a high voltage (several thousand volts) through the load inductor (56) and the load resistor (55) which are connected in series to a capacitor bank (54) which in turn is powered by a voltage boost circuit (53) powered by a battery bank (42).The voltage (Vc), which is the voltage across the oscillating capacitor (57), is connected on one side to the charging circuit formed by the charging inductor (56) and the charging resistor (55), and on the other side to the discharge anode (62), which forms a discharge gap with the insertion discharge cathode (49), allowing the discharge from the oscillating capacitor (57) to be inserted into both electric field emitting plates.Since the insertion is performed on a conductor that is also a transmission line (52) connecting both emitting plates and constituting a high-speed path, the difference in distance from the insertion point to each plate determines that the plate closest to the insertion point is energized by the discharge of the oscillation capacitor (57) before the plate farther from the insertion point. This generates two pulses separated by a certain time, and the width or duration of each of these pulses is determined by the value of the oscillation capacitor (57) and the RC discharge circuits. The discharge anode (62) and the insertion discharge cathode (49) form a gap or open space through which there is no electrical conduction until a voltage high enough to break the dielectric between the anode and cathode is applied to the discharge anode (62).The discharge is perfectly contained and directed by a discharge tube (51) made of a highly insulating and thermally resistant material such as ceramic. This determines that when the oscillation capacitor (57) is charged to a voltage higher than the breakdown voltage between the electrodes (anode and cathode), the capacitor begins to discharge through this gap or space. Since the insertion distance of this point is asymmetrical with respect to the field emission plates, that is, the primary insertion distance (48) is less than the secondary insertion distance (47), this determines that a high voltage pulse occurs on the primary electric field emission plate (43), and a time interval later the same happens with the secondary electric field emission plate (44), creating a primary electric field pulse (45) of very short duration prior to the generation of a secondary electric field pulse (46).Immediately after both electric field pulses have been generated, the field generating plates are discharged to ground: the primary electric field emitting plate (43) through the primary discharge resistor (60) and the primary discharge inductor (58), while the secondary electric field emitting plate (44) is discharged through the secondary discharge resistor (61) and the secondary discharge inductor (59). These two inductors help the high voltage remain on the plates for the nanoseconds necessary for the generation of the electric field pulses (45, 46), thus ensuring both the adequate width of each pulse and the synchronization between them.The transmission line (52) allows the transmission of energy from the insertion point to which the insertion discharge cathode (49) is connected to reach the plates in a minimum and controlled time, all this to meet the basic condition required for the uprooting of the primary electric field pulses, which must be less than the distance between the plates divided by the speed of light. In this way, the interaction between the primary and secondary electric field pulses allows the generation of a resultant force that is transmitted to the entire support structure (2). In Figure 7, a series of graphs can also be seen that illustrate how the oscillation capacitor (57) is successively charged and discharged to generate the high voltage pulses that allow the parallel plates (43, 44) to emit the electric field pulses necessary to generate an impulse force.Graph (50) shows a voltage versus time diagram of (Vc) which is the voltage at the free end of the oscillating capacitor (57). The other two graphs show the interrelation of times in the generation of primary and secondary electric field pulses (45, 46).

[0035] The resulting force (F) is generated as follows: at a certain moment the primary electric field emitting plate (43) emits a primary electric field (45) with a duration (w) that is less than the distance separating the plates divided by the speed of light, such that before reaching the secondary electric pulse generating plate (44), the primary electric field pulse becomes detached from its origin; that is, for this primary electric field pulse (45) traveling through the space separating both emitting plates, it will cease to interact with the primary electric field emitting plate (43) that created it; from that moment on, it is as if plate (43) no longer existed. However, when this primary electric field pulse (45) reaches the secondary electric field pulse generating plate (44),This will begin to generate a secondary electric field pulse (46), and since this secondary electric field pulse (46) is not detached from its origin, which is plate (44), a repulsive force will be produced between the two pulses. This force will result in an impulse on the support structure (2) on which both pulse-emitting plates are mounted. This will occur for a very brief interval of time (nanoseconds), but since this action is repeated thousands or millions of times per second, a considerable impulse per second is eventually generated. Varying the number of pulses per second allows for varying the total impulse generated by the impeller, since the pulse width remains constant, and by varying the number of pulses per second, the time it takes for a new pulse to be generated after the previous one is being varied.

[0036] The last modality comprising the design of drivers employing unrooted field pulses, shown in Figure 8, is a fully electromagnetic or dual version where the electromagnetic wave is fully utilized. A conductive plate, which we call the target (68), is placed at a distance (d) from a field emitter (65). This emitter acts as a field concentrator and directional beam and is powered by a pulse generator (63). The pulse generator produces a very high-frequency (in the gigahertz range) sinusoidal bipolar wave connected to a power amplifier (64). This amplifier increases the energy of the pulses generated by the pulse generator (63) so that this amplified signal can then be fed to the field emitter (65), which is essentially a radar or microwave transmission antenna. This emitter emits the electromagnetic field pulses in a concentrated and directed manner towards the target (68). The transmitted signalIt consists of pulses formed by one or two complete waves of high-frequency oscillation with a duration w(69) where w <d / Cdondewes el ancho de pulso yCes la velocidad de la luz y una separación entre cada pulso (x) dondex> 2w. The electromagnetic pulse train (67) is emitted towards the target which is a plate of conductive material which, when impacted by each of the bipolar pulses, will generate a pulse of its own magnetic field which, according to Maxwell's equations, will be a field that opposes the field that is originating it, depending on the induced currents that the pulses incident on the plate produce. To achieve the uprooting effect of each pulse, its duration must be less than the distance that separates the target from the field emitter (65) divided by C, which is the speed of light.

[0037] An important element for the long-term operation of these drive motors is the one that allows the extraction of heat from the anodes of the discharge chambers. This is carried out through the use of anisotropic heat guides, that is, strips of metamaterials that are highly conductive with respect to heat in one direction. These metamaterials, such as those made of carbon fiber, greatly surpass the thermal transport capabilities of metals. Figure 9 presents a diagram of this heat extraction system focused on the primary discharge chamber (15), which is also shown in Figure 4. Here, the primary heat guide (23) allows the efficient transport of the heat energy generated in the primary discharge anode (14) towards the primary thermoelectric converter (24), distributing this energy over one of the faces of the thermoelectric converter.The hot side (66) while the cold side (70) of the thermoelectric converter is connected to a thermal diffuser or an infrared emitter. Thermoelectric converters allow the conversion of a temperature difference into an electric current and consequently into voltage and electrical energy, which in this case is stored in the primary backup battery (25). This provides a double benefit: firstly, it reduces the operating temperature of the discharge chamber anodes, improving their performance; secondly, it recovers some of the energy that would otherwise be wasted, increasing the overall efficiency of the boosters. The discharge chamber cathodes experience minimal heating compared to the anodes.

[0038] It should be noted that the discharge anode (62) in Figure 7 is connected to a heat guide (23) that performs the same function as the primary heat guide (23) described in Figure 4.

Claims

An aerospace electric motor with de-rooted electromagnetic fields comprising a first electromagnetic field pulse emitter and a second electromagnetic field pulse emitter mounted facing each other on a common structure, characterized in that the electromagnetic field pulse emitters are constituted by two parallel electrical conductors placed a distance d apart from each other acting as magnetic field pulse emitters, each of these conductors being connected in series to an electrode that constitutes the anode of a discharge chamber comprising two conduction electrodes, an anode and a cathode placed facing each other and separated by a distance forming an anode-cathode gap, both the anode and the cathode of this discharge chamber being located inside a hermetically sealed refractory ceramic or glass enclosure containing a pressurized gas, havingFurthermore, this discharge chamber has a firing electrode on one of its sides, positioned on the outside of the chamber, which controls the electrical discharge inside through the electrodes when an external pulse is applied. This destabilizes the electrical balance inside the chamber, causing an electric arc that short-circuits the anode and cathode. The cathode of said chamber is connected to ground. It also includes a capacitor connected to the cathode of the discharge chamber at one end, while its other end is connected to the corresponding conductor that acts as a magnetic field pulse emitter. At the terminal end of this conductor, which is not connected to the anode of the discharge chamber, a series circuit formed by an inductor and a resistor is also connected. The other end of this inductor is connected to a high-voltage power supply. Between the capacitor and its corresponding conductor is...An electromagnetic shielding material is placed, and the distance between the conductor and capacitor is kept to a minimum, reducing parasitic inductances. A pulse at the discharge chamber's firing electrode causes the capacitor to discharge across the gap between the anode and cathode by means of an arc that short-circuits the anode and cathode inside the discharge chamber. This generates a current pulse through the conductor, which in turn generates a magnetic field pulse. Both conductors, which constitute the physical elements generating the magnetic field pulse, are placed parallel to each other at a specific distance and mounted on a common, electrically non-conductive support structure. A firing pulse generator circuit and pulse controller are also included, which generates synchronization pulses by connecting the output of this generator to the firing electrode of one of the generating circuits.magnetic field pulse while this same trigger pulse is connected by a time delay circuit to the other trigger electrode corresponding to the trigger electrode of the second magnetic field pulse emitter circuit, thus establishing a synchronization between the emission of the magnetic field pulses emitted by each of the conductors, the electrical parameters involved in the discharge of the capacitors determine the duration of each pulse, a magnitude that must meet the condition that the width of the pulse duration must be less than the distance between the parallel conductors divided by the speed of light; where each of the discharge chambers has a heat guide formed by an anisotropic metamaterial that extracts the excess heat from the anodes of the discharge chambers and directs it towards thermoelectric converters that in turn charge backup batteries connected to the general power system.The aerospace electric motor of de-rooted electromagnetic fields as described in claim 1 characterized in that the electromagnetic field pulse emitters are two parallel plates placed facing each other at a distance between them which, when fed with high voltage pulses, become electric field pulse emitters,Both electric field pulse emitting plates are fixed to a common structure by means of supports or individual mechanical joints, each of the plates being connected to ground by means of a series circuit formed by a resistor and an inductor, while at the opposite end of the plate a transmission line joins both plates, this transmission line having an electrode or signal insertion point that in turn forms part of a discharge device formed by a discharge anode separated from the insertion cathode and surrounded by a ceramic conduit in such a way that an oscillation capacitor that is charged through an inductor and a resistor connected to the high voltage of a supply capacitor bank, where when the voltage of the oscillation capacitor reaches a level that causes electrical breakdown between the anode and the insertion cathode,The oscillating capacitor discharges through the short circuit between the anode and cathode, and from the insertion point it travels towards the plates through the two transmission line sections formed between the insertion point and one of the plates and the insertion point and the second plate. Since the distance from the insertion point to the first plate is less than the distance between the insertion point to the second plate, one of the plates receives the high-voltage pulse before the other.Pulses that will dissipate through the RL circuit, with each plate connected to ground, causing two electrical pulses, one generated by each plate in sync and fulfilling the condition that the width of the first generated electrical pulse is less than the distance separating both parallel plates divided by the speed of light; the discharge anode being connected to an anisotropic heat guide that extracts excess heat from the anode, while the capacitor bank that charges the oscillation capacitor is energized by a voltage boost circuit powered by a battery bank. The aerospace electric motor of de-rooted electromagnetic fields as described in claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnetic field pulse emitters are constituted by a transmitting antenna and a plate of conductive material placed facing each other at a distance d, where the transmitting antenna is fed by a pulse generator and a power amplifier, where each electromagnetic pulse comprises one or more complete oscillation cycles with a duration w that complies with the relation w<d / Cy la distancia entre pulsosxdebe cumplir la condición de quex> 2wsiendowla dura de cada pulso,Cla velocidad de la luz,dla distancia entre la placa de materiales conductor y la antena de transmisión yxel tiempo que serás entre la emergencia de cada pulso de campo electromagnetica, estar tanto la placa de materiales conductor, el Generador de pulsos, el Amplificador de poder y la Antena de Transmisión, todos montados en una misma estructura.

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