Apparatus for treatment of waste

Abstract

Apparatus (100) for treatment of waste configured to squeeze material to be recovered mixed with other waste, comprising a housing (10) that encloses a first chamber, at least one screening mesh (50) that separates the first chamber (150) from a second chamber (250) and a shaft (20), rotatable around its axis of rotation (X). It also comprises at least one hammer (30, 40, 60) associated with the shaft (20) and provided with a respective scraper (140) configured to promote an expulsion of waste material through the at least one screening mesh (50). The scraper (140) comprises at least one fin (145) that protrudes, or protrudes, externally from the hammer (30, 40, 60) along an orthogonal development direction, or substantially orthogonal, to a main development direction of the hammer (30, 40, 60) itself. The hammers (30, 40, 60) are connected to the shaft (20) according to at least two interlaced helical developments and can comprise inlet hammers (30), intermediate hammers (60) and outlet hammers (40) having blades with differentiated angular opening to optimize the processing of material in the first chamber (150).

Description

[0001] APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF WASTE

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The present invention relates, in general, to an apparatus for the treatment of waste, especially solid dry and possibly wet, in particular waste deriving from anaerobic digestion processes or in any case containing organic, plastic or mixed components. Such waste, frequently generated in biogas plants or mechanical-biological treatment plants, presents complex physical characteristics that make effective separation between the reusable fractions and those of waste difficult.

[0004] STATE OF THE ART

[0005] There are known, in the state of the art, devices called separators, employed to treat waste in order to obtain a separation of the materials that can be recovered and reused — such as plastics, metals or vegetable fibers — from undesired fractions such as materials contaminated, degraded organic matter or impurities. Such devices are often equipped with crushing chambers and rotating members (such as shafts, blades, hammers), and are employed both in domestic and industrial environments. For example, separators of waste of domestic origin are known, which are particularly suitable for separating waste of plastic type from other solid materials and / or dirty with organic material.

[0006] Nowadays, however, the need for separators particularly configured to treat other types of materials, in addition to waste of domestic origin, is also particularly felt. In particular, the need for separators particularly configured for the treatment of material deriving from digesters, whether they are agricultural digesters, dry or semi-dry, is strongly felt, so as to obtain a clean substance that can be directly used, for example for agricultural purposes.

[0007] The substances to be treated in this specific technical field are substantially very different from those traditionally treated in known separators. While the latter are particularly configured for the treatment of predominantly solid material, such as for example domestic waste, the materials deriving from digesters are characterized for the treatment of a predominantly liquid substance, in which the dry, or solid, portion constitutes, for example 15% - 30% of the total substance.

[0008] To this end, traditional separators cannot be used, also considering the different specific weights of the substance that is required to treat. In this regard, materials coming from digesters can be composed of liquid substance, predominantly water, having a specific weight equal to or close to 1 , a dry portion, having a specific weight between 0.6 and 0.9, and any plastic materials generally having a specific weight between 0.3 and 0.5. Such material to be treated is substantially much denser compared to that of urban waste. Therefore, it requires waste treatment devices, or separators, having characteristics substantially different from known separators.

[0009] Furthermore, for the structure of known devices and traditional scrapers, the typical screening mesh of such devices cannot be scraped for its entire length. In other words, known devices, while having scrapers configured to scrape the screening mesh, are characterized by the non-negligible problem of leaving some portions of screening mesh unscraped. Substantially, known scrapers do not have sufficient lateral development to scrape the entire screening mesh, along its entire length.

[0010] In other words, known systems present significant limitations:

[0011] • in the presence of flexible plastic materials or low density materials, frequent accumulations or windings around hammers or rotors are observed, which cause blockages and operational interruptions;

[0012] • wet or sticky materials tend to adhere to active members, reducing the effectiveness of treatment over time;

[0013] • more efficient crushing of fibrous or stratified waste is sought, revealing poor homogeneity of the treated mixture in traditional apparatus;

[0014] • some apparatus do not guarantee sufficient mixing or dynamic distribution of the material.

[0015] In known devices, furthermore, maintenance is made burdensome by the need for frequent cleaning and replacement of components subject to irregular wear.

[0016] Therefore, there exists a technical need not yet completely satisfied for a waste treatment apparatus that:

[0017] • improves the separation of adherent or flexible plastic materials;

[0018] • reduces localized wear and blockages;

[0019] • optimizes the mixing and fragmentation of the treated material;

[0020] • allows simplified maintenance and more efficient and continuous operation.

[0021] TECHNICAL PROBLEM

[0022] The technical problem underlying the present invention is that of effectively treating material, especially deriving from digesters, in order to obtain a product directly usable in agricultural environment and significantly reducing the maintenance or cleaning request for the apparatus both in the rotor portion and of the screening mesh. A further technical problem addressed by the present invention consists in realizing an apparatus that, in addition to effectively treating material deriving from digesters for obtaining a substance directly usable in agricultural environment, is structurally simple, easy to use and maintain, as well as durable and reliable.

[0023] The task of the present solution is to solve the present technical problem.

[0024] Within the scope of such task it is the purpose of the present solution to provide a waste treatment apparatus that achieves at least one of the following purposes: guarantee a more effective mixing of the material to be treated, avoiding the formation of dead zones and improving the efficiency of treatment of material deriving from digesters; obtain better mixing by means of double counter-rotating rotors equipped with hammers organized according to divergent and convergent helices; avoid the deposit and accumulation of flexible or filamentous plastic materials on the crushing members, which can cause malfunctions or blockages of the apparatus; avoid plastic accumulation on hammers; guarantee that the entire surface of the screening mesh can be effectively scraped, avoiding untreated zones and minimizing the risk of damage to elements or components of the apparatus itself; distribute more uniformly the wear of hammers and optimize the impact on the material to be treated; obtain a non-uniform thrust of material from inlet to outlet of the treatment apparatus.

[0025] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0026] The present invention concerns an apparatus for the treatment of waste deriving from agricultural digesters, dry or semi-dry, configured to separate recoverable materials from waste materials, even in the presence of high liquid fractions, fibrous substances or plastic materials.

[0027] The apparatus comprises a housing that defines within itself a first substantially cylindrical cavity for containing the waste to be treated. Within the first cavity at least one shaft rotating around a longitudinal axis and a plurality of hammers fixed to such shaft possibly in a tiltable manner are arranged.

[0028] According to an aspect of the present solution the apparatus comprises a plurality of first hammers each having a first extremity associated with the shaft and a second extremity, opposite to the first extremity, free in the cavity. The first hammers are associated with the shaft in such a way that hammers consecutive to each other along the axis of rotation of the shaft are angularly staggered to each other along the axis of rotation.

[0029] The apparatus can comprise a plurality of second hammers each having a third extremity associated with the shaft and a fourth extremity, opposite to the third extremity and free in the cavity.

[0030] The second hammers are associated with the shaft in such a way that second hammers consecutive to each other along the axis of rotation of the shaft are angularly staggered to each other along the axis of rotation.

[0031] According to an aspect of the present solution, the housing that defines within itself a second cavity for collecting waste material, a screening mesh being placed to separate the first cylindrical cavity, intended to contain material to be recovered, from the second cavity 250 intended to collect waste material.

[0032] The shaft can be substantially at the center of the first cylindrical cavity.

[0033] The hammers are functional to break waste reducing them into shreds and push the waste shreds in an axial advancement direction in the first cavity toward an outlet opening.

[0034] At least some hammers can be provided with a scraper fixed in a removable manner on its second extremity or fourth extremity.

[0035] The scraper can comprise a first scraper portion, or connection portion, configured for a connection with the hammer and a second scraper portion configured to promote an expulsion of waste material through the screening mesh.

[0036] The second scraper portion can comprise at least one fin that configured in such a way that -when the scraper is fixed to the hammer- protrudes, or protrudes, externally from the hammer along an orthogonal development direction, or substantially orthogonal, to a main development direction of the hammer, and that can be substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the shaft.

[0037] According to an aspect of the present solution the hammers comprise inlet hammers that have a first front cutting edge having a first blade that has a first opening angle with respect to a first lateral wall of the inlet hammers.

[0038] Of the hammers, outlet hammers have a second front edge (240) cutting comprising a second blade that has a second opening angle with respect to a second lateral wall of the outlet hammers.

[0039] The first angle is different from the second angle to generate a differentiated thrust and crushing action on the material to be treated. In accordance with at least one aspect of the present solution, the first hammers and / or the second hammers can be arranged angularly staggered along the shaft according to a helical development.

[0040] The first hammers and / or the second hammers consecutive to each other along the axis of rotation can be angularly staggered to each other along axis of rotation by an angle between 30° and 60°.

[0041] In accordance with at least one aspect of the present solution the first hammers and the second hammers are rotatably associated with the shaft.

[0042] In accordance with at least one aspect of the present solution the first hammers and / or the second hammers are associated with the shaft by means of a respective pin.

[0043] In accordance with at least one aspect of the present solution the apparatus comprises a plurality of third hammers, each having a fifth extremity associated with the shaft and a sixth extremity free in the cavity.

[0044] The third hammers can be associated with the shaft in such a way that the third hammers consecutive to each other along the axis of rotation (X) are angularly staggered to each other along the axis of rotation (X), according to a third helical development.

[0045] In accordance with at least one aspect of the present solution the apparatus comprises fourth hammers, each having a seventh extremity associated with the shaft and an eighth extremity free in the cavity. The fourth hammers are associated with the shaft in such a way that fourth hammers consecutive to each other along the axis of rotation of the shaft are angularly staggered to each other along the axis of rotation, according to a fourth helical development.

[0046] Each hammer of the third hammers and of the fourth hammers can be rotatably associated with the shaft.

[0047] According to one or more aspects of the present solution, the scraper can comprise a first connection portion and a second terminal portion. The first connection portion can have a first thickness equal, or substantially equal, to a thickness of the hammer, while the second terminal portion can have a second thickness greater than the first. According to one or more aspects of the present solution, the second portion of the scraper can be arranged and configured to be placed in correspondence with the second extremity of the hammer when the scraper is fixed thereto.

[0048] According to one or more aspects of the present solution, the scraper can comprise at least one and preferably two fins that protrude laterally from the hammer in opposite directions, preferably parallelly, or substantially parallelly, to the axis of rotation of the shaft.

[0049] According to one or more aspects of the present solution, the scraper can comprise a first face, frontal, and a second face, rear, connected by a connecting surface. The frontal face can be configured to come into contact first with the material to be treated during the rotation of the shaft.

[0050] In other words, the first face, or frontal face, can terminate with an edge aligned, or substantially aligned, with the second extremity of the hammer when associated therewith.

[0051] According to one or more aspects of the present solution, the scraper can present at least one edge configured to scrape the internal surface of the screening mesh.

[0052] According to one or more aspects of the present solution, the scraper can be aligned, or substantially aligned, with the second extremity of the hammer.

[0053] According to one or more aspects of the present solution the scraper has a tapered profile from the first face, or frontal face, toward the second face, or rear face.

[0054] The scraper comprise a connecting surface configured to connect the first face, or frontal face, and the second face, or rear face.

[0055] The connecting surface can be facing, in use, the screening mesh and is configured to expel waste material through the screening mesh.

[0056] According to one or more aspects of the present solution the at least one fin extends between the first face, or frontal face, of the scraper, and the second face, or rear face, of the scraper, where the at least one fin has a tapered development between the first face and the second face of the scraper.

[0057] The scraper can be fixed to the second extremity of the hammer on a side opposite to a frontal profile of the hammer.

[0058] According to one or more aspects of the present solution, the connection between the scraper and the hammer can be removable and realized by means of removable fastening means.

[0059] According to one or more aspects of the present solution, the shaft can comprise, along its main development direction, which can coincide with the direction of the axis of rotation, a first portion and a second portion opposite to the first.

[0060] To the first portion of the shaft inlet hammers can be associated and to the second portion a plurality of outlet hammers can be associated. According to one or more aspects of the present solution, between the first and the second portion the shaft can comprise a third portion to which a plurality of intermediate hammers can be associated.

[0061] The intermediate hammers can have a third front cutting edge comprising a third blade that presents a third opening angle with respect to a third lateral wall of the intermediate hammers.

[0062] The third angle can be an angle that has an opening having an intermediate value with respect to those of the first angle and of the second angle.

[0063] According to one or more aspects of the present solution, the first angle is equal to or greater than 40° and the second angle can be less than 40°.

[0064] According to one or more aspects of the present solution, the apparatus has a second cavity for collecting waste material, underlying the substantially cylindrical cavity and a screening mesh, configured to separate the first cavity, suitable to contain material to be recovered, from the second cavity, intended to collect waste material.

[0065] The screening mesh can comprise a first sector of screening mesh placed in correspondence with the first shaft portion, and a second sector of screening mesh placed in correspondence with the second shaft portion.

[0066] The first sector of screening mesh can comprise a plurality of first through holes in the screening mesh, where each hole has a first dimension and the second sector of screening mesh comprises a plurality of second through holes in the screening mesh, where each hole has a second dimension that can be different from the first dimension.

[0067] According to one or more aspects of the present solution, the arrangement of the inlet hammers can determine an impact action on the material to be treated greater, or more intense, than that exercised by the outlet hammers and by the intermediate hammers if provided.

[0068] According to one or more aspects of the present solution, the screening mesh can comprise a first sector and a second sector arranged in opposite position along the main development direction of the shaft.

[0069] According to one or more aspects of the present solution, the screening mesh can be placed below the shaft and can extend for the entire, or substantially entire, length thereof.

[0070] According to one or more aspects of the present solution, the first angle defined between the lateral edge and the blade of the inlet hammers can be equal to or greater than 40 degrees. According to one or more aspects of the present solution, the axis of rotation of the shaft can be placed at the center, or substantially at the center, of the first cylindrical cavity.

[0071] According to one or more aspects of the present solution, the material to be treated can be dosed inside the first cylindrical cavity by means of a pump, preferably regulated by an inverter.

[0072] According to one or more aspects of the present solution, the second cavity for collection of waste material can be placed below the first cylindrical cavity.

[0073] The apparatus therefore results structurally simple, easy to maintain, modular and adaptable to the variable operative conditions typical of materials deriving from digesters. It is configured to guarantee an effective and continuous treatment even in the presence of plastic, fibrous or low specific weight materials.

[0074] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0075] Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will result more clearly from the description of at least one preferred, but not exclusive, embodiment of a crushing and separation apparatus for waste according to the present solution, illustrated, by way of indication and not limitation in the attached drawing tables, in which:

[0076] - Figure 1 represents a sectional view of a waste treatment apparatus according to at least one aspect of the present solution;

[0077] - Figure 2 represents a sectional view of a waste treatment apparatus according to at least one aspect of the present solution;

[0078] - Figure 3 shows a view of a shaft of a waste treatment apparatus according to at least one aspect of the present solution;

[0079] - Figure 4 represents a frontal view of a shaft of a waste treatment apparatus according to at least one aspect of the present solution;

[0080] - Figure 5 represents a perspective view of a hammer with respective scraper of a waste treatment apparatus according to at least one aspect of the present solution;

[0081] - Figure 6 represents a perspective view of a scraper of a waste treatment apparatus according to at least one aspect of the present solution;

[0082] - Figure 7 represents a lateral view of a scraper of a waste treatment apparatus according to at least one aspect of the present solution;

[0083] - Figure 8 represents a rear view of a scraper of a waste treatment apparatus according to at least one aspect of the present solution;

[0084] - Figure 9 represents a lateral view of a hammer of a waste treatment apparatus according to at least one aspect of the present solution; - Figure 10 represents a cross section of a hammer of a waste treatment apparatus according to at least one aspect of the present solution according to figure 9;

[0085] - Figure 11 represents a lateral view of a hammer of a waste treatment apparatus according to at least one aspect of the present solution;

[0086] - Figure 12 represents a cross section of a hammer of a waste treatment apparatus according to at least one aspect of the present solution according to figure 11 .

[0087] With reference to the attached figures, an embodiment of a waste treatment apparatus is indicated with the reference number 100.

[0088] By the expression "waste treatment apparatus" is meant within the scope of the present solution an apparatus configured to squeeze material to be recovered mixed with other waste.

[0089] In particular, within the scope of the present solution, the treatment apparatus 100 is particularly configured for the treatment of waste, or material, coming from digesters, whether they are of agricultural type, dry or semi-dry. Such material is characterized by a high liquid fraction, consisting predominantly of water, having a specific weight equal to or close to 1 , a dry portion, having a specific weight between 0.6 and 0.9, and any plastic materials generally having a specific weight between 0.3 and 0.5.

[0090] The particular composition of the waste to be treated requires a type of separator different from those traditionally known and used for the treatment of domestic waste. In particular, according to the present solution, the treatment apparatus 100 comprises a housing 10 defining within itself a first substantially cylindrical cavity in which, in use, to insert waste to be treated, for example through an inlet opening I.

[0091] The material to be treated, or waste, can be dosed inside the first cylindrical or substantially cylindrical cavity through a pump, preferably with modulable flow rate, for example, regulated by an inverter. Alternatively, the material to be treated can be dosed inside the first cylindrical cavity through a screw conveyor, preferably regulated by an inverter.

[0092] According to the present solution, the apparatus 100 further comprises a shaft 20, arranged inside the first cylindrical or substantially cylindrical cavity, which is rotatable around its own axis of rotation X. Preferably, such axis of rotation X is placed at the center, or substantially at the center, of the first cylindrical or substantially cylindrical cavity.

[0093] The waste treatment apparatus 100 according to the present solution further comprises a plurality of hammers 30, 40, 60. In particular, such hammers 30, 40, 60 can be configured to crush the waste, or in any case the material to be treated, and, at the same time, push such material to advance in axial direction, i.e. parallel to the axis of rotation X, inside the first cavity, toward an outlet opening.

[0094] More in detail, the apparatus 100 comprises a plurality of first hammers, each associated with the shaft 20. In substance, each hammer of the plurality of first hammers protrudes radially from the shaft 20 when this is in rotation. Preferably, the first hammers are arranged consecutive to each other along the shaft 20, substantially for the entire length of the shaft 20.

[0095] Each of such first hammers comprises a first extremity associated with the shaft 20 and a second extremity, opposite to the first, free in the first cavity 150 cylindrical or substantially cylindrical. According to a preferred aspect of the present solution, the first extremity of each of such first hammers can be rotatably associated with the shaft 20, so that each of the first hammers is rotatable around its own axis of rotation, preferably parallel to the axis of rotation X of the shaft 20. In other words, each hammer of the first hammers can be rotatably associated with the shaft 20. Said still differently, each hammer of the plurality of first hammers can be tiltable with respect to the shaft 20. For example, each hammer of the plurality of first hammers can be associated with the shaft 20 through a first pin.

[0096] The first hammers can be associated with the shaft 20 in such a way that, hammers of the plurality of first hammers arranged consecutive to each other along the axis of rotation X of the shaft 20, can be angularly staggered to each other along the axis of rotation X itself. In other words, each hammer of the plurality of first hammers associated with the shaft 20 of the apparatus 100 misaligned, or staggered, with respect to a hammer of the plurality of first hammers consecutive, or previous, with respect to the hammer itself. In other words, again, consecutive hammers of the plurality of first hammers can be associated with the shaft 20 in such a way as to define, between them, if seen along the axis of rotation X, an angle.

[0097] Furthermore, the apparatus 100 comprises a plurality of second hammers, each associated with the shaft 20. In substance, each hammer of the plurality of second hammers protrudes radially from the shaft 20 at least when this is in rotation. The second hammers can be arranged consecutive to each other along the shaft 20, preferably substantially the entire length of the shaft 20.

[0098] Each of such second hammers comprises a third extremity associated with the shaft 20 and a fourth extremity, opposite to the third, free in the first cavity 150 cylindrical or substantially cylindrical. According to a preferred aspect of the present solution, the third extremity of each of such second hammers can be rotatably associated with the shaft 20, so that each of the second hammers is rotatable around its own axis of rotation, preferably parallel to the axis of rotation X of the shaft 20. In other words, each hammer of the second hammers can be associated with the shaft 20 in a rotatable manner. Said still differently, each hammer of the plurality of second hammers can be tiltable with respect to the shaft 20. For example, each hammer of the plurality of second hammers can be associated with the shaft 20 through a second pin.

[0099] Furthermore, according to the present solution, the second hammers can be associated with the shaft 20 in such a way that, hammers of the plurality of second hammers arranged consecutive to each other along the axis of rotation X of the shaft 20, can be angularly staggered to each other along the axis of rotation X itself. In other words, each hammer of the plurality of second hammers is associated with the shaft 20 of the apparatus 100 misaligned, or staggered, with respect to a hammer of the plurality of second hammers consecutive, or previous, with respect to the hammer itself. In other words, again, consecutive hammers of the plurality of second hammers can be associated with the shaft 20 in such a way as to define, between them, if seen along the axis of rotation X, an angle.

[0100] According to an aspect of the present solution, each hammer of the plurality of first hammers can be associated with the shaft 20 in correspondence with a hammer of the plurality of second hammers, along a main development direction of the shaft 20. In other words, according to such aspect, the shaft 20 comprises, along its main development direction, a plurality of portions configured for an association with a hammer of the plurality of first hammers and / or a hammer of the plurality of second hammers. According to such aspect, each portion of such plurality of portions of the shaft 20 can be configured for an association with a hammer of the plurality of first hammers and a hammer of the plurality of second hammers. In this case, in order to obtain, in use, a better balancing of the shaft 20, for each portion of the shaft 20, hammers of the plurality of first hammers can be arranged diametrically opposite to hammers of the plurality of second hammers.

[0101] According to a preferred aspect of the present solution, the plurality of first hammers is associated with the shaft 20, along its main development direction, according to a first helical development. In other words, the first hammers are associated with the shaft 20, staggered to each other along its main development direction, so as to define a first helical development, or a first helix E1 that in figure 3 is by way of example schematized with a dotted line. Said differently, the first hammers can be associated with the shaft 20, along its axis of rotation X according to a first spiral development according to the first helix E1. This guarantees an effective and uniform treatment of the waste coming from digesters to be treated, in a homogeneous and constant manner along the entire axis of rotation X of the shaft 20.

[0102] Preferably, in particular, hammers of the plurality of first hammers, consecutive to each other along the main development direction of the shaft 20, or along the axis of rotation X of the shaft 20 itself, can be angularly staggered to each other along the same axis of rotation X by an angle between 30° and 60°. Even more preferably, hammers of the plurality of first hammers consecutive to each other along the axis of rotation X of the shaft 20 can be angularly staggered to each other, along the same axis of rotation X, by an angle between 40° and 50°, preferably equal to 45°, as for example visible in figure 4.

[0103] According to a further preferred aspect of the present solution, the plurality of second hammers is associated with the shaft 20, along its main development direction, according to a second helical development that in figure 3 is exemplified schematically with a dash-dot line. In other words, the second hammers can be associated with the shaft 20, staggered to each other along its main development direction, so as to define a second helical development, or a second helix. Said differently, the second hammers can be associated with the shaft 20, along its axis of rotation X according to a second spiral development. This guarantees an effective and uniform treatment of the waste coming from digesters to be treated, in a homogeneous and constant manner along the entire axis of rotation X of the shaft 20.

[0104] Preferably, in particular, hammers of the plurality of second hammers, consecutive to each other along the main development direction of the shaft 20, or along the axis of rotation X of the shaft 20 itself, can be angularly staggered to each other along the same axis of rotation X by an angle between 30° and 60°. Even more preferably, hammers of the plurality of second hammers consecutive to each other along the axis of rotation X of the shaft 20 can be angularly staggered to each other, along the same axis of rotation X, by an angle between 40° and 50°, preferably equal to 45°.

[0105] According to a further preferred aspect of the present solution, the apparatus 100 comprises a plurality of third hammers associated with the shaft 20 along its main development direction, or along its axis of rotation X.

[0106] In detail, each hammer of the plurality of third hammers comprises a fifth extremity associated with the shaft 20 and a sixth extremity, opposite to the fifth extremity, free in the first cavity 150 cylindrical or substantially cylindrical. Preferably, each hammer of the plurality of third hammers is rotatably associated with the shaft 20, for example through a third pin.

[0107] In particular, according to such aspect, third hammers consecutive to each other along the axis of rotation X of the shaft 20, or along a main development direction of the same shaft 20, can be angularly staggered to each other along such axis of rotation X, according to a third helical development. Said differently, the third hammers can be associated with the shaft 20, along its axis of rotation X according to a third spiral development. This guarantees an effective and uniform treatment of the waste coming from digesters to be treated, in a homogeneous and constant manner along the entire axis of rotation X of the shaft 20.

[0108] According to a further preferred aspect of the present solution, the apparatus 100 comprises a plurality of fourth hammers associated with the shaft 20 along its main development direction, or along its axis of rotation X.

[0109] In detail, each hammer of the plurality of fourth hammers comprises a seventh extremity associated with the shaft 20 and an eighth extremity, opposite to the seventh extremity, free in the first cavity 150 cylindrical or substantially cylindrical. Preferably, each hammer of the plurality of fourth hammers is rotatably associated with the shaft 20, for example through a fourth pin.

[0110] In particular, according to such aspect, fourth hammers consecutive to each other along the axis of rotation X of the shaft 20, or along a main development direction of the same shaft 20, can be angularly staggered to each other along such axis of rotation X, according to a fourth helical development. Said differently, the fourth hammers can be associated with the shaft 20, along its axis of rotation X according to a fourth spiral development. This guarantees an effective and uniform treatment of the waste coming from digesters to be treated, in a homogeneous and constant manner along the entire axis of rotation X of the shaft 20. The housing 10 of the device 100 comprises a second cavity 250, underlying the screening mesh 50, for collecting waste material, and an outlet opening O from the first cavity 150 cylindrical or substantially cylindrical of material to be recycled, defined in a zone longitudinally opposite to the inlet opening I. The first cavity 150 cylindrical or substantially cylindrical, intended to contain material to be recovered, is separated from the second underlying cavity 250, intended to contain waste material, by at least one screening mesh 50.

[0111] The at least one hammer 30, 40, 60 comprises a first extremity 131 associated with the shaft 20, so as to be able to rotate in a plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the shaft 20 itself. The at least one hammer 30, 40, 60 can be rotatably associated with the shaft 20. For example, the at least one hammer 30, 40, 60 can be hinged to the shaft 20, for example through a relative pin, so as to be tiltable with respect to the same shaft 20. Preferably, such pin is arranged parallel to the axis of rotation X of the shaft 20 and can be associated with at least two consecutive discs arranged in correspondence with opposite surfaces of the hammer 30, 40, 60.

[0112] Furthermore, the at least one hammer 30, 40, 60 terminates with a second extremity 132, opposite to the first extremity 131 , as for example illustrated in figure 5 in which, for synthesis is generally shown schematically a possible shape of each of the hammers 30, 40, 60 which may therefore share one or more of the technical characteristics visible in figure 5 except for possible differences that are set out below. Such second extremity 132 is a free extremity inside the cylindrical or substantially cylindrical cavity. In detail, the second extremity 132 of the at least one hammer 30, 40, 60 is configured to break the waste, or the material to be treated, reducing them into shreds, and push such shreds in an axial advancement direction in the first cavity 150 cylindrical or substantially cylindrical, toward an outlet opening O. In other words, such advancement direction is a direction parallel to the axis of rotation X, or parallel to a main development direction of the shaft 20.

[0113] The at least one hammer 30, 40, 60 can be provided with a scraper 140 configured, in use, to promote an expulsion of waste material through the at least one screening mesh 50.

[0114] In detail, according to the present solution, the scraper 140 can be fixed in a removable manner on the second extremity 132 of the at least one hammer 30, 40, 60. Preferably, such scraper 140 can be removably fixed in a rear portion of the second extremity 132 of the at least one hammer 30, 40, 60. By "rear portion" is meant a portion of the hammer 30, 40, 60 that does not enter, in use, i.e. when the shaft 20 is in rotation, in contact first with the material to be treated. In substance, the at least one hammer 30, 40, 60 comprises a front portion configured, in use, to contact first the material to be treated, as well as to crush and axially push the material to be treated itself, and a rear portion, opposite to such front portion.

[0115] In detail, according to the present solution, the scraper 140 comprises a first scraper portion 148, or connection portion, configured for a connection of the scraper with the at least one hammer 30, 40, 60. Preferably, such connection can be removable and can occur through removable fastening means. Furthermore, the scraper 140 comprises a second scraper portion 149. Such second scraper portion 149 can be configured to promote an expulsion of waste material through the screening mesh 50. Furthermore, the second scraper portion 149, or scraping portion, can be configured to scrape the screening mesh 50.

[0116] The second scraper portion 149 can be placed in correspondence with the second extremity 132 of the hammer 30, 40, 60.

[0117] According to the present solution, the second scraper portion 149 can comprise at least one fin 145. Such at least one fin 145 protrudes, or protrudes, externally from the hammer 30, 40, 60, along an orthogonal development direction, or substantially orthogonal, to a main development direction of the hammer 30, 40, 60 itself, and in particular parallel to the axis of rotation X. To this end, advantageously, the second scraper portion 149 can comprise an edge 143 configured, specifically, for the scraping of the screening mesh 50. In other words, the at least one fin 145 protrudes with respect to the hammer 30, 40, 60, along a direction parallel, or substantially parallel, to the axis of rotation X of the shaft 20.

[0118] Preferably, the scraper 140 can comprise at least two fins 145, which protrude laterally from the hammer 30, 40, 60 in opposite directions, or on opposite faces of the same hammer 30, 40, 60, parallel, or substantially parallel, to the axis of rotation X of the shaft 20.

[0119] The first scraper portion 148 can instead be flush with a lateral surface of the hammer 30, 40, 60. In other words, the first scraper portion 148 can not protrude laterally from the hammer 30, 40, 60. Substantially, preferably, the scraper 140 has a "T" conformation.

[0120] In substance, the first scraper portion 148, or connection portion, has a first thickness. Such first thickness can be equal, or substantially equal, to a thickness of the at least one hammer 30, 40, 60. The second scraper portion 149 can have a second thickness, where such second thickness is greater than the first thickness.

[0121] Within the scope of the present solution, by the term "thickness" reference is made to a dimension of the scraper 140, or of its portions, along a direction parallel, or substantially parallel, to the axis of rotation X of the shaft 20, when the apparatus is assembled. The fin 145 can extend at least partially laterally, or protrude, or protrude, or protrude, from the at least one hammer 30, 40, 60, parallel to the axis of rotation X of the shaft 20. In this way, advantageously, the at least one scraper 140 can be configured to scrape a greater surface of the screening mesh 50 compared to traditional scrapers. Furthermore, in the case where the at least one hammer 30, 40, 60 is rotatably associated, or tiltable, with the shaft 20, such configuration of the scraper 140, in particular with the at least one fin 145, prevents damage to parts of the device 100, in particular of the discs to which the pin that connects the hammer 30, 40, 60 to the shaft 20 in a tiltable manner can be associated, especially when the rotation of the shaft 20 is interrupted or when the apparatus 100 treats particularly dense materials, which can cause high rotation of the hammer 30, 40, 60 with respect to the shaft 20. Substantially, in fact, the at least one fin 145 can be configured and dimensioned in order not to come into contact with such discs, or with any other part of the device 100, except to scrape the screening mesh 50.

[0122] Preferably, the scraper 140 can comprise a first face 141 , or frontal face, preferably configured, in use, i.e. when the shaft 20 can be put in rotation, to contact first the material to be treated. Furthermore, the scraper 140 can comprise a second face 142, or rear face, opposite to the first face 141 .

[0123] The first face 141 of the scraper 140 terminates with an edge 143, therefore arranged on the second scraper portion 149, which, preferably, can be aligned, or substantially aligned, with the second extremity 132 of the at least one hammer 30, 40, 60. In other words, along a radial direction of the hammer 30, 40, 60, the edge 143 of the scraper 140 can be aligned, or substantially aligned, with the second extremity 132 of the hammer 30, 40, 60. Preferably, such edge 143 can be configured to scrape the screening mesh 50.

[0124] According to a preferred aspect of the present solution, the scraper 140, in particular the second scraper portion 149, has a tapered profile from the first face 141 , or frontal face, toward the second face 142, or rear face. In other words, considering an operational direction of rotation of the hammer 30, 40, 60, the scraper 140 has an inverted wedge shape. Said still differently, the scraper 140, in a radial direction, has a thickness that thins from the first face 141 , or frontal face, to the second face, or rear face. The tapered profile of the scraper 140, in particular of the second scraper portion 149, or scraping portion, favors the expulsion of waste material through the at least one screening mesh 50. In detail, such shape ensures that, in use, the scraper, hitting the material to be treated, causes a displacement of the material to be treated itself, which wedges between the scraper 140 itself and the screening mesh 50, promoting expulsion through the latter of waste material.

[0125] The scraper 140, in particular the second scraper portion 149, can comprise a connecting surface 144 configured to connect the first face 141 , or frontal face, and the second face 142, or rear face, of the scraper 140 itself, in particular the second scraper portion 149. In detail, such connecting surface 144 can be facing, in use, the screening mesh 50 and can be preferably configured to expel waste material through the same screening mesh 50. The at least one fin can extend between the first face 141 , or frontal face, of the scraper 140 and the second face 142, or rear face, of the scraper 140 itself. Furthermore, the at least one fin 145 can have a tapered development between the first face 141 , or frontal face, of the scraper 140 and the second face 142, or rear face, of the scraper 140 itself.

[0126] The apparatus 100 can comprise inlet hammers 30 and outlet hammers 40.

[0127] The inlet hammers 30 are associated with the shaft 20 at their first extremity and have a second extremity, opposite to the first, free inside the cylindrical or substantially cylindrical cavity. In substance, each hammer of the inlet hammers 30 protrudes radially from the shaft 20 at least when this is in rotation. The inlet hammers 30 are arranged consecutive along the shaft 20, preferably for the entire length of the shaft 20 itself and can be rotatably associated with the shaft 20, for example through a first pin. The inlet hammers 30 are therefore tiltable with respect to the shaft 20. In detail, each of the inlet hammers 30 can be configured to crush the waste, or in any case the material to be treated, and, at the same time, push such material to advance in axial direction, i.e. parallel to the axis of rotation X, along a main development direction of the shaft 20, inside the cavity, toward an outlet opening O. To this end, the inlet hammers 30 have a first front cutting edge 230, configured precisely to crush material to be treated and further to push such material axially along the cylindrical or substantially cylindrical cavity. In particular, the first front edge 230 of the inlet hammers 30 can be configured to perform a first crushing of the material to be treated and provide a first thrust in axial direction to the material to be treated itself.

[0128] By "front edge" of the inlet hammers 30 is meant, within the scope of the present solution, the portion of the inlet hammers 30 that, when the shaft 20 can be, in use, put in rotation, comes first into contact with the material to be treated, to crush it and push it in axial direction.

[0129] In detail, the first front cutting edge 230 of the inlet hammers 30 has a first blade 31 that defines a first angle a with respect to a first lateral wall 32 of the inlet hammers 30 themselves. In other words, to crush material and push it axially along the cylindrical or substantially cylindrical cavity, the first front edge 230 of the inlet hammers 30 has a tapered profile. The outlet hammers 40 are associated with the shaft 20 and each can comprise a third extremity associated with the shaft 20, and a fourth extremity, opposite to the third, free inside the cylindrical or substantially cylindrical cavity. In substance, each hammer of the outlet hammers 40 protrudes radially from the shaft 20. The outlet hammers 40 are arranged consecutive along the shaft 20, preferably for the entire length of the shaft 20 itself. According to a preferred aspect of the present solution, the outlet hammers 40 can be rotatably associated with the shaft 20, for example through a second pin. According to such preferred aspect, the outlet hammers 40 are therefore tiltable with respect to the shaft 20. Each hammer of the outlet hammers 40 can be configured to crush the waste, or in any case the material to be treated, and, at the same time, push such material to advance in axial direction, i.e. parallel to the axis of rotation X, along a main development direction of the shaft 20, inside the cavity, toward an outlet opening O. The outlet hammers 40 have a second front cutting edge 240, configured precisely to crush material to be treated and further to push such material axially along the cylindrical or substantially cylindrical cavity. In particular, the second front edge 240 of the outlet hammers 40 can be configured to perform a second crushing of the material to be treated and provide a second thrust in axial direction to the material to be treated that can be different from that implemented by the inlet hammers 30. By "front edge" of the outlet hammers 40 is meant, within the scope of the present solution, the portion of the outlet hammers 40 that, when the shaft 20 can be, in use, put in rotation, comes first into contact with the material to be treated, to crush it and push it in axial direction.

[0130] In detail, the second front cutting edge 240 of the outlet hammers 40 has a second blade 41 that defines a second angle p with respect to a second lateral wall 42 of the outlet hammers 40 themselves.

[0131] In other words, to crush material and push it axially along the cylindrical or substantially cylindrical cavity, the second front edge 240 of the outlet hammers 40 has a tapered profile. The first angle a of the first blade 41 of the first front edge 230 of the inlet hammers 30 can be different from the second angle of the second blade 42 of the second front edge 240 of the outlet hammers 40. Consequently, depending the crushing of the material to be treated directly on the configuration of the front edge, and in particular of the blade of the hammers, and being the front edge and in particular the blade of the inlet hammers 30 different from that of the outlet hammers 40, it can be possible, according to the present solution, to obtain different crushing and axial direction thrust of the material to be treated between the first and the outlet hammers 30, 40. The shaft 20 can comprise a main development direction, parallel to the axis of rotation X of the shaft 20 itself, and can comprise, along such main development direction, a first shaft portion 21 and a second shaft portion 22, where such first shaft portion 21 and such second shaft portion 22 are opposite to each other, along such main development direction of the shaft 20, or along the axis of rotation X of the shaft 20 itself. The inlet hammers 30 can be associated with the shaft 20 in correspondence with the first shaft portion 21 , while the outlet hammers 40 can be associated with the same shaft 20 in correspondence with the second shaft portion 22. To the first shaft portion 21 a plurality of inlet hammers 30 can be associated. Furthermore, to the second shaft portion 22 a plurality of outlet hammers 40 can be associated.

[0132] It follows that, the material to be treated, advancing axially along the first cavity 150 cylindrical or substantially cylindrical, receives a differentiated cutting and thrust treatment as a function precisely of its position inside the first cavity 150, depending on whether it is treated by the inlet hammers 30 or by the outlet hammers 40. In detail, the material to be treated inserted inside the cylindrical or substantially cylindrical cavity through the inlet opening I results particularly dense; as it is pushed axially along the cylindrical or substantially cylindrical cavity it is continuously worked, losing part of the liquid substance contained therein. Consequently its density changes, and can be treated differently to obtain optimal material for direct use in agricultural environment.

[0133] Such treatment allows to have, with equal quality of resulting treatment a treatment apparatus that extends along the axis of rotation X, smaller compared to traditional solutions, i.e. more compact.

[0134] In other words, the material inserted inside the first cavity 150 through the inlet opening I, being particularly dense, requires greater processing, for an extended time, and requires greater force to be pushed axially along the cavity itself. As the material to be treated advances along the cylindrical or substantially cylindrical cavity, losing much liquid portion, the material to be treated requires less processing, and less thrust force to be made to advance along the cavity itself. For this reason it is particularly advantageous that the apparatus 100 is equipped with hammers having different front edges along the axis of rotation X, or along the main development direction, of the shaft 20. Furthermore, different hammers provided along the main direction of the shaft 20 allow to obtain different material transfer speed, and therefore greater or lesser processing of the same material. The shaft 20 can comprise a third shaft portion 23 that can be interposed between the first shaft portion 21 and the second shaft portion 22. The apparatus 100 can comprise third hammers 60, associated with the shaft 20, in particular with the third shaft portion 23. Such third hammers 60 comprise a third front cutting edge having a third blade defining a third angle with respect to a third lateral wall of such third hammers 60. According to such aspect, advantageously, the third angle can be an angle between the first angle a and the second angle p. In combination or alternatively, to the third shaft portion 23 both inlet hammers 30 and outlet hammers 40 can be associated. More preferably, to the third shaft portion 23 a plurality of inlet hammers 30 and a plurality of outlet hammers 40 can be associated so it is possible to obtain an even more accurate and precise treatment of the material to be treated, as a function of the change in composition and density of the material to be treated itself when it advances in the cylindrical or substantially cylindrical cavity. In other words, the treatment of the material to be treated, in terms of crushing and thrust along the axial direction, in the third shaft portion 23 can be intermediate between that in the first shaft portion 21 and that of the second shaft portion 22.

[0135] The first angle a of the inlet hammers 30, defined between the first lateral edge 32 and the first blade 32 of the inlet hammers 30 can be equal to or greater than 40°. More preferably, the first angle a of the inlet hammers 30 can be equal to 45°. The second angle of the outlet hammers 40, defined between the second lateral edge 240 and the second blade 42 of the outlet hammers 40 can be less than 40°. More preferably, the second angle p of the outlet hammers 40 can be equal to 30°. The third angle of the third hammers 60 can be an angle between 30° and 45°. For example, the third angle of the intermediate hammers 60 can be an angle equal to 40°.

[0136] The inlet hammers 30 can be configured to exert a crushing and axial direction thrust action of the material to be treated different, and preferably greater, or more intense, compared to the outlet hammers 40, which can be preferably arranged subsequently with respect to the inlet hammers 30 along the main development direction of the shaft 20, or along the axis of rotation X.

[0137] In one or more embodiments of the present solution, the screening mesh 50 can be placed below the shaft 20, and preferably extends for the entire length, or substantially the entire length, of the shaft 20.

[0138] Preferably, the screening mesh 50 can comprise a first sector of screening mesh and a second sector of screening mesh, where such first and second sector of screening mesh can be opposite to each other along the axial direction, or along the main development direction of the shaft 20. The first sector of screening mesh can be placed in correspondence, in particular below, the first shaft portion 21 , while the second sector of screening mesh can be placed in correspondence, in particular below, the second shaft portion 22. According to such aspect, furthermore, the first sector of screening mesh can comprise a plurality of first through holes in the screening mesh, each of which has a first dimension. In addition, the second sector of screening mesh can comprise a plurality of second through holes in the screening mesh, each of which has a second dimension. Advantageously, the second dimension can be different from the first dimension.

[0139] It is therefore understood how a waste crushing apparatus according to the present solution solves the problems posed and achieves the task and purposes set.

[0140] An apparatus according to the present solution, in extreme synthesis can comprise a housing that encloses a first chamber and at least one screening mesh that separates the first chamber from a second chamber in which to collect material expelled from the first chamber through the screening mesh.

[0141] A shaft, rotatable around its axis of rotation, is housed in the first chamber and has hammers associated therewith that present at least one of the following peculiarities: each of at least one subgroup of hammers is provided with a scraper configured to promote an expulsion of waste material through the screening mesh; where the scraper comprises at least one fin that protrudes, or protrudes, externally from the hammer along an orthogonal development direction, or substantially orthogonal, to a main development direction of the hammer itself; the hammers are connected to the shaft according to at least two interlaced helical developments and the hammers can comprise -in sequence along the shaft- inlet hammers, intermediate hammers and outlet hammers having blades with differentiated angular opening to optimize the processing of material in the first chamber.

[0142] In particular, the waste treatment apparatus according to the present solution allows to achieve the following advantages: o guarantee more effective mixing of the material to be treated, avoiding the formation of dead zones and improving the efficiency of treatment especially of material deriving from digesters especially thanks to the use of double counter-rotating rotors equipped with hammers organized according to divergent and convergent helices and / or being equipped with hammers with wedge section with different opening angles that generate local recirculations of material and an advancement of the same with high degree of mixing; o obtain better mixing by means of double counter-rotating rotors equipped with hammers organized according to divergent and convergent helices; o avoid the deposit and accumulation of flexible or filamentous plastic materials on the crushing members, which can cause malfunctions or blockages of the apparatus, especially thanks to the special T-shaping of the scrapers; o avoid plastic accumulation on hammers; o guarantee that the entire surface of the screening mesh can be effectively scraped, avoiding untreated zones and minimizing the risk of damage to elements or components of the apparatus itself, thanks to the provision that the scrapers can be T-shaped allowing to optimize the surface of the screening mesh scraped while guaranteeing adequate pitch between hammers; o distribute more uniformly the wear of hammers and optimize the impact on the material to be treated thanks to the greater homogeneity of material obtained by means of the efficient mixing that can be induced by the use of double counter-rotating rotors equipped with hammers organized according to divergent and convergent helices and / or by the use of hammers with wedge section with different opening angles; o obtain a non-uniform thrust of material from inlet to outlet of the treatment apparatus, by means of the adoption of hammers with differentiated and alternating angulation with respect to the direction of rotation of the shaft, to optimize the crushing and separation of the material to be treated.

[0143] The invention thus conceived is susceptible to numerous modifications and variants, all falling within the scope of protection of the attached claims.

[0144] Furthermore, all the details can be replaced by other technically equivalent elements. In practice, the materials employed, as well as the contingent shapes and dimensions, can be varied according to contingent needs and the state of the art.

[0145] Where the constructive characteristics and techniques mentioned in the following claims are followed by signs or reference numbers, such signs or reference numbers may have been affixed with the sole purpose of increasing the intelligibility of the claims themselves and, consequently, they do not constitute in any way limitation to the interpretation of each element identified, purely by way of example, by such signs or reference numbers.

Claims

CLAIMS1. Apparatus (100) for treatment of waste configured to squeeze material to be recovered mixed with other waste, said apparatus (100) comprising:- a housing (10) that defines within itself a first substantially cylindrical cavity (150) in which to insert waste to be treated through an inlet opening (I),- a shaft (20), rotatable around its axis of rotation (X), substantially at the center of said first cavity (150),- a plurality of first hammers (30, 40, 60), each having a first extremity (131) associated with said shaft (20) and a second extremity (132), opposite to said first extremity, free in said first cavity (150).

2. Apparatus (100) according to claim 1 wherein said first hammers (30, 40, 60) are associated with said shaft (20) in such a way that hammers of said plurality of first hammers (30, 40, 60) consecutive to each other along said axis of rotation (X) of said shaft (20) are angularly staggered to each other along said axis of rotation (X); the apparatus (10) further comprises a plurality of second hammers (30, 40, 60), each having a third extremity associated with said shaft (20) and a fourth extremity, opposite to said third extremity, free in said first cavity (150), wherein said second hammers (30, 40, 60) are associated with said shaft (20) in such a way that hammers of said plurality of second hammers (30, 40, 60) consecutive to each other along said axis of rotation (X) of said shaft (20) are angularly staggered to each other along said axis of rotation (X).

3. Apparatus (100) according to the preceding claim, wherein said plurality of first hammers (30, 40, 60) is associated with said shaft (20) according to a first helical development (E1).

4. Apparatus (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said plurality of second hammers (30, 40, 60) is associated with said shaft (20) according to a second helical development (E2).

5. Apparatus (100) according to the preceding claim, wherein hammers of said plurality of first hammers (30, 40, 60) consecutive to each other along said axis of rotation (X) are angularly staggered to each other along said axis of rotation (X) by an angle between 30° and 60°.

6. Apparatus (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein hammers of said plurality of second hammers (30, 40, 60) consecutive to each other along said axis of rotation (X) are angularly staggered to each other along said axis of rotation by an angle between 30° and 60°.

7. Apparatus (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each hammer of said plurality of first hammers (30, 40, 60) and each hammer of said plurality of second hammers (30, 40, 60) are rotatably associated with said shaft (20).

8. Apparatus (100) according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of third hammers, each having a fifth extremity associated with said shaft (20) and a sixth extremity, opposite to said fifth extremity, free in said first cavity (150), wherein said third hammers are associated with said shaft in such a way that hammers of said plurality of third hammers consecutive to each other along said axis of rotation (X) of said shaft (20) are angularly staggered to each other along said axis of rotation (X), according to a third helical development.

9. Apparatus (100) according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of fourth hammers, each having a seventh extremity associated with said shaft (20) and an eighth extremity, opposite to said seventh extremity, free in said first cavity (150), wherein said fourth hammers are associated with said shaft in such a way that hammers of said plurality of fourth hammers consecutive to each other along said axis of rotation (X) of said shaft (20) are angularly staggered to each other along said axis of rotation(X), according to a fourth helical development.

10. Apparatus (100) according to claims 8 and 9, wherein each hammer of said plurality of third hammers and each hammer of said plurality of fourth hammers are rotatably associated with said shaft (20).

11. Apparatus (100) according to one of the preceding claims wherein the housing (10) defines within itself also a second underlying cavity (250) for collection of waste material and an outlet opening (O) from the first cylindrical cavity (150) of material to be recycled defined in a zone longitudinally opposite to the inlet opening (I); the apparatus (100) comprises- at least one screening mesh (50) that separates the first cylindrical cavity (150), intended to contain material to be recovered, from the second underlying cavity (250) intended to collect waste material,- at least one hammer (30, 40, 60) having a first extremity (31) associated with said shaft (20), so as to be able to rotate in a plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation of said shaft (20), terminating with a second extremity (32), opposite to said first extremity (31), configured to break waste reducing them into shreds and push said waste shreds in an axial advancement direction in the first substantially cylindrical cavity (150) toward an outlet opening (O),said at least one hammer (30, 40, 60) being provided with a respective scraper (40) fixed removably on said second extremity (32) of said at least one hammer (30, 40, 60), wherein said scraper (40) comprises a first scraper portion (48), or connection portion, configured for a connection with said at least one hammer (30, 40, 60), and a second scraper portion (49) configured to promote an expulsion of waste material through said at least one screening mesh (50), wherein said second scraper portion (49) comprises at least one fin (45) that protrudes, or protrudes, externally from said at least one hammer (30, 40, 60) along an orthogonal development direction, or substantially orthogonal, to a main development direction of said at least one hammer (30, 40, 60).

12. Apparatus (100) according to claim 11 , wherein said first scraper portion (48), or connection portion has a first thickness, wherein said first thickness is equal, or substantially equal, to a thickness of said at least one hammer (30, 40, 60), and wherein said second scraper portion (49) has a second thickness, wherein said second thickness is greater than said first thickness.

13. Apparatus (100) according to claim 11 or 12, wherein said fin (45) extends at least partially laterally, or protrudes, from said at least one hammer (30, 40, 60) parallel to said axis of rotation (X) of said shaft (20).

14. Apparatus (100) according to any of claims 11-13, wherein said scraper (40) comprises a first face (41), or frontal face, and a second face (42), or rear face, opposite to said first face (41), wherein said first face (41), or frontal face, terminates with an edge (43) aligned, or substantially aligned, with said second extremity (32) of said at least one hammer (30, 40, 60).

15. Apparatus (100) according to claim 11-14, wherein said scraper (40) has a tapered profile from said first face (41), or frontal face, toward said second face (42), or rear face.

16. Apparatus (100) according to claim 11-15, wherein said scraper (40) comprises a connecting surface (44) configured to connect said first face (41), or frontal face, and said second face (42), or rear face, said connecting surface (44) facing, in use, said screening mesh (50).

17. Apparatus (100) according to claim 11-16, wherein said connecting surface (44) is configured to expel waste material through said at least one screening mesh (50).

18. Apparatus (100) according to any of claims 15 to 17, wherein said at least one fin (45) extends between said first face (41), or frontal face, of said scraper (40), and said second face (42), or rear face, of said scraper (40), wherein said at least one fin (45)has a tapered development between said first face (41), or frontal face, of said scraper (40) and said second face (42), or rear face, of said scraper (40).

19. Apparatus (100) according to any of claims 11-18, wherein said scraper (40) is fixed to said second extremity of said hammer (30, 40, 60) on a side opposite to a frontal profile of said hammer (30, 40, 60).

20. Apparatus (100) according to any of claims 11-19, wherein said at least one hammer (30, 40, 60) is fixed to said shaft (20) in a rotatable manner.

21. Apparatus (100) according to one of the preceding claims comprising:- inlet hammers (30), associated with said shaft (20), having a first front cutting edge (230) having a first blade (31) defining a first angle (a) with respect to a first lateral wall (32) of said inlet hammers (30),- outlet hammers (40), associated with said shaft (20), having a second front cutting edge (240) comprising a second blade (41) defining a second angle (P) with respect to a second lateral wall (42) of said outlet hammers (40), wherein said first angle (a) is different from said second angle (P).

22. Apparatus (100) according to claim 21 , wherein said inlet hammers (30) and said outlet hammers (40) are configured to break waste reducing them into waste shreds and to push said waste shreds in an axial advancement direction in the first cylindrical cavity (150) toward said outlet opening.

23. Apparatus (100) according to claim 21 or 22, wherein said shaft (20) comprises a main development direction, said shaft (20) comprising at least a first shaft portion(21) and a second shaft portion (22), wherein said first shaft portion (21) is opposite to said second shaft portion (22) along said main development direction, wherein said inlet hammers (30) are associated with said shaft (20) in said first shaft portion (21) and wherein said outlet hammers (40) are associated with said shaft (20) in said second shaft portion (22).

24. Apparatus (100) according to claim 21-23, wherein to said first shaft portion (21) a plurality of said inlet hammers (30) is associated.

25. Apparatus (100) according to claim 23 or 24, wherein to said second shaft portion(22) a plurality of said outlet hammers (40) is associated.

26. Apparatus (100) according to any of claims 23 to 25, wherein said shaft (20) comprises a third shaft portion (23), interposed between said first shaft portion (21) and said second shaft portion (22), wherein said Apparatus (100) comprises intermediate hammers (60), associated with said third shaft portion (23), having a third front cutting edge comprising a third blade defining a third angle with respect to a thirdlateral wall of said intermediate hammers (60), wherein said third angle is an angle between said first angle (a) and said second angle (P).

27. Apparatus (100) according to the preceding claim, wherein to said third shaft portion (23) a plurality of said intermediate hammers (60) is associated.

28. Apparatus (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said first angle (a) is equal to or greater than 40°.

29. Apparatus (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said second angle (P) is less than 40°.

30. Apparatus (100) according to any of the preceding claims in combination with claim 3, comprising a second cavity (250) for collection of waste material, underlying said first substantially cylindrical cavity (150) and a screening mesh (50) configured to separate said first substantially cylindrical cavity (150), suitable to contain material to be recovered, from the second underlying cavity (250), intended to collect waste material, wherein said screening mesh (50) comprises a first sector of screening mesh placed in correspondence with said first shaft portion (21), and a second sector of screening mesh placed in correspondence with said second shaft portion (22), said first sector of screening mesh comprising a plurality of first through holes in said screening mesh, wherein each hole of said first plurality of holes has a first dimension, and wherein said sector of screening mesh comprises a plurality of second through holes in said screening mesh, wherein each hole of said second plurality of holes has a second dimension, said second dimension being different from said first dimension.

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