Multifunctional vehicle, garden operation vehicle, ride-on lawn mower, and charging system

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are a multifunctional vehicle, a garden operation vehicle, a ride-on lawn mower and a charging system, which can effectively improve the overall charging efficiency. The multifunctional vehicle comprises: a frame; a working system attached to the frame and configured to execute a specific functional operation under control; a power supply system used for supplying power to the working system and comprising a plurality of detachable battery units, wherein the plurality of battery units use at least one of a first-specification battery pack and a second-specification battery pack; a charger configured to be electrically coupled to the power supply system by means of a charging circuit; and a power management system communicatively connected to the charger and configured to control the charger to charge the plurality of battery units simultaneously and to adaptively adjust and control the total charging power on the basis of charging currents of the plurality of battery units or on the basis of the charging currents and charging voltages of the plurality of battery units.

Description

Multi-functional vehicles, gardening vehicles, ride-on lawnmowers and charging systems [Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle engineering technology, and in particular to a multi-functional vehicle, a gardening vehicle, a ride-on lawnmower, and a charging system. [Background Technology]

[0002] Compared to traditional fuel-powered lawnmowers, rechargeable lawnmowers offer advantages such as all-weather zero emissions, zero fuel consumption, low noise, and simple maintenance (no gasoline, no engine oil, no air filter, no spark plugs, no fuel storage, etc.). Rechargeable lawnmowers use electric motors instead of internal combustion engines for their drive wheels, allowing for independent control of each motor and enabling movement such as straight-ahead, reverse, turning, and zero-steering. This reduces the overall structural complexity and makes the vehicle more flexible to control. The power system of rechargeable lawnmowers often uses multiple independent battery packs connected in parallel. When charging these parallel battery packs, some technical solutions charge each pack individually, which is disadvantageous in terms of time cost and overall vehicle integration. Other solutions control the charging sequence based on the voltage levels of the battery packs, but this ignores the impact of differences in the state of charge of different battery packs, resulting in poor overall charging efficiency. [Summary of the Invention]

[0003] In view of this, the embodiments of this specification provide a multi-functional vehicle, a gardening vehicle, a ride-on lawnmower, and a charging system that can effectively improve overall charging efficiency.

[0004] In one aspect, embodiments of this specification provide a multi-functional vehicle, including:

[0005] Frame;

[0006] A working system, attached to the vehicle frame, is configured to perform specific functional operations in a controlled manner;

[0007] A power supply system for supplying power to the working system includes multiple removable battery units, wherein the multiple battery units are selected from at least one of a first-specification battery pack and a second-specification battery pack, wherein the capacity of the first-specification battery pack is greater than that of the second-specification battery pack.

[0008] The charger is configured to connect to an external charging power source and is electrically coupled to the power system via a charging circuit.

[0009] A power management system, communicatively connected to the charger, is configured to control the charger to charge multiple battery cells simultaneously, and to adaptively adjust the total charging power based on the charging current of the multiple battery cells, or to adaptively adjust the total charging power based on the charging current and charging voltage of the multiple battery cells. ...

[0010] On the other hand, embodiments of this specification also provide a multi-functional vehicle, including:

[0011] Frame;

[0012] A working system, attached to the vehicle frame, is configured to perform specific functional operations in a controlled manner;

[0013] A power supply system for supplying power to the working system includes multiple removable battery units, wherein the multiple battery units are selected from at least one of a first-specification battery pack and a second-specification battery pack, wherein the capacity of the first-specification battery pack is greater than that of the second-specification battery pack.

[0014] A charging interface is configured to connect to a charger located outside the multi-functional vehicle. The charger is connected to an external charging power source, connected to the charging circuit of the multi-functional vehicle via the charging interface, and electrically coupled to the power system via the charging circuit.

[0015] A power management system, communicatively connected to the charger, is configured to control the charger to charge multiple battery cells simultaneously, and to adaptively adjust the total charging power based on the charging current of the multiple battery cells, or to adaptively adjust the total charging power based on the charging current and charging voltage of the multiple battery cells.

[0016] On the other hand, embodiments of this specification also provide a gardening operation vehicle, including:

[0017] Frame;

[0018] A working system, attached to the vehicle frame, is configured to perform specific functional operations in a controlled manner;

[0019] A power supply system for supplying power to the working system includes multiple removable battery units, wherein the multiple battery units are selected from at least one of a first-specification battery pack and a second-specification battery pack, wherein the capacity of the first-specification battery pack is greater than that of the second-specification battery pack.

[0020] The charger is configured to connect to an external charging power source and is electrically coupled to the power system via a charging circuit.

[0021] A power management system, communicatively connected to the charger, is configured to control the charger to charge multiple battery cells simultaneously, and to adaptively adjust the total charging power based on the charging current of the multiple battery cells, or to adaptively adjust the total charging power based on the charging current and charging voltage of the multiple battery cells.

[0022] On the other hand, embodiments of this specification also provide a gardening operation vehicle, including:

[0023] Frame;

[0024] A working system, attached to the vehicle frame, is configured to perform specific functional operations in a controlled manner;

[0025] A power supply system for supplying power to the working system includes multiple removable battery units, wherein the multiple battery units are selected from at least one of a first-specification battery pack and a second-specification battery pack, wherein the capacity of the first-specification battery pack is greater than that of the second-specification battery pack.

[0026] The charging interface is configured to connect to a charger located outside the gardening vehicle. The charger is connected to an external charging power source, connected to the charging circuit of the gardening vehicle through the charging interface, and electrically coupled to the power system via the charging circuit.

[0027] A power management system, communicatively connected to the charger, is configured to control the charger to charge multiple battery cells simultaneously, and to adaptively adjust the total charging power based on the charging current of the multiple battery cells, or to adaptively adjust the total charging power based on the charging current and charging voltage of the multiple battery cells.

[0028] On the other hand, embodiments of this specification also provide a rideable lawnmower, comprising:

[0029] Frame;

[0030] A load-bearing mechanism, mounted on the vehicle frame, is used to carry the user;

[0031] A working system, attached to the vehicle frame, is configured to perform specific functional operations in a controlled manner;

[0032] A power supply system for supplying power to the working system includes multiple removable battery units, wherein the multiple battery units are selected from at least one of a first-specification battery pack and a second-specification battery pack, wherein the capacity of the first-specification battery pack is greater than that of the second-specification battery pack.

[0033] The charger is configured to connect to an external charging power source and is electrically coupled to the power system via a charging circuit.

[0034] A power management system, communicatively connected to the charger, is configured to control the charger to charge multiple battery cells simultaneously, and to adaptively adjust the total charging power based on the charging current of the multiple battery cells, or to adaptively adjust the total charging power based on the charging current and charging voltage of the multiple battery cells.

[0035] On the other hand, embodiments of this specification also provide a rideable lawnmower, comprising:

[0036] Frame;

[0037] A load-bearing mechanism, mounted on the vehicle frame, is used to carry the user;

[0038] A working system, attached to the vehicle frame, is configured to perform specific functional operations in a controlled manner;

[0039] A power supply system for supplying power to the working system includes multiple removable battery units, wherein the multiple battery units are selected from at least one of a first-specification battery pack and a second-specification battery pack, wherein the capacity of the first-specification battery pack is greater than that of the second-specification battery pack.

[0040] The charging interface is configured to connect to a charger located outside the ride-on lawnmower. The charger is connected to an external charging power source, connected to the charging circuit of the ride-on lawnmower through the charging interface, and electrically coupled to the power system via the charging circuit.

[0041] A power management system, communicatively connected to the charger, is configured to control the charger to charge multiple battery cells simultaneously, and to adaptively adjust the total charging power based on the charging current of the multiple battery cells, or to adaptively adjust the total charging power based on the charging current and charging voltage of the multiple battery cells.

[0042] On the other hand, embodiments of this specification also provide a charging system, including a multi-functional vehicle and a charger disposed outside the multi-functional vehicle;

[0043] The multi-functional vehicle includes:

[0044] Frame;

[0045] A working system, attached to the vehicle frame, is configured to perform specific functional operations in a controlled manner;

[0046] A power supply system for supplying power to the working system includes multiple removable battery units, wherein the multiple battery units are selected from at least one of a first-specification battery pack and a second-specification battery pack, wherein the capacity of the first-specification battery pack is greater than that of the second-specification battery pack.

[0047] A charging port is configured to connect to the charger.

[0048] One end of the charger is connected to an external charging power source, and the other end is connected to the charging circuit of the multi-functional vehicle through the charging interface, and is electrically coupled to the power system through the charging circuit.

[0049] The charger further includes a charging controller, which is configured to control the charger to charge multiple battery cells in the power system simultaneously, and to adaptively adjust the total charging power according to the charging current of the multiple battery cells, or to adaptively adjust the total charging power according to the charging current and charging voltage of the multiple battery cells.

[0050] As can be seen from the above, the multi-functional vehicle, garden vehicle, ride-on lawnmower, and charging system provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification have the following beneficial technical effects:

[0051] In the aforementioned multi-functional vehicle, gardening vehicle, ride-on lawnmower, and charging system, the power management system or charging controller controls the charger to charge multiple battery packs connected in parallel simultaneously. During the charging process, the power management system adaptively adjusts and controls the total charging power output of the charger based on the changes in the charging current corresponding to multiple battery units or based on the charging current and charging voltage corresponding to multiple battery units. This method of charging multiple battery units simultaneously can also avoid the impact caused by differences in the state of charge of different battery units, ensuring that multiple battery units always have high charging efficiency and effectively improving the overall charging efficiency. [Image Description]

[0052] The features and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood by referring to the accompanying drawings, which are schematic and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way. In the drawings:

[0053] Figure 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of a multi-functional vehicle, garden vehicle, or ride-on lawnmower provided in one or more alternative embodiments of this specification.

[0054] Figure 2 shows another structural schematic diagram of a multi-functional vehicle, garden vehicle, or ride-on lawnmower provided by one or more alternative embodiments of this specification.

[0055] Figure 3 shows a block diagram of the charging function in a multi-functional vehicle, garden vehicle, or ride-on lawnmower provided by one or more alternative embodiments of this specification.

[0056] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of a multi-functional vehicle, garden vehicle, or ride-on lawnmower with an external charger, provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification.

[0057] Figure 5 shows a block diagram illustrating the charging function of a multi-functional vehicle, garden vehicle, or ride-on lawnmower with an external charger, provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification.

[0058] Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the charging circuit structure in a multi-functional vehicle, garden vehicle, or ride-on lawnmower provided in one or more alternative embodiments of this specification.

[0059] Figure 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of the charging state switching in a multi-functional vehicle, garden vehicle, or ride-on lawnmower provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification.

[0060] Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of adaptive adjustment of charging power after full charge of battery cell charging voltage in a multi-functional vehicle, garden vehicle, or ride-on lawnmower provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification.

[0061] Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of the total charging power variation in a power management system of a multi-functional vehicle, garden vehicle, or ride-on lawnmower, provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification, where the total charging power is adaptively adjusted and controlled.

[0062] Figure 10 shows a charging function block diagram of a charging system provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification;

[0063] Figure 11 shows another schematic diagram of the charging state switching in a multi-functional vehicle, garden vehicle, or ride-on lawnmower provided by one or more alternative embodiments of this specification. [Detailed Implementation]

[0064] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] Compared to traditional fuel-powered lawnmowers, rechargeable lawnmowers offer advantages such as all-weather zero emissions, zero fuel consumption, low noise, and simple maintenance (no gasoline, no engine oil, no air filter, no spark plugs, no fuel storage, etc.). Rechargeable lawnmowers use electric motors instead of internal combustion engines for their drive wheels, allowing for independent control of each motor. This enables movement control of the entire vehicle, including straight-line, reverse, turning, and zero-steering motions, reducing structural complexity and making the vehicle more flexible to control. The power system of rechargeable lawnmowers typically uses multiple independent battery packs connected in parallel for power supply.

[0066] When charging multiple battery packs connected in parallel, some technical solutions charge each battery pack individually. This approach has disadvantages in terms of time cost and overall vehicle integration. Other technical solutions control the charging sequence based on the voltage levels of multiple battery packs. However, this method ignores the impact of differences in the state of charge of different battery packs, resulting in poor overall charging efficiency.

[0067] To address the aforementioned issues, the purpose of this specification is to propose a multi-functional vehicle, a gardening vehicle, a ride-on lawnmower, and a charging system. This system controls a charger to simultaneously charge multiple battery packs connected in parallel. During charging, the system adaptively adjusts the total charging power output of the charger based on changes in the charging current of each battery pack, while also considering changes in both charging current and charging voltage. This method allows for simultaneous charging of multiple battery packs and avoids the impact of differences in the state of charge of different battery packs, effectively improving overall charging efficiency.

[0068] For the purposes described above, one aspect of this specification provides a multi-functional vehicle.

[0069] Referring to Figures 1 to 4, the multi-functional vehicle includes: a frame 100, a working system 102 connected to the frame 100, a power system 104 for supplying power to the working system 102, a charger 106 for charging the power system 104, and a power management system (BMS) 108.

[0070] The frame 100 extends at least partially in a direction parallel to the front-rear direction, and a support assembly 1000 may be provided on the frame 100. The support assembly 1000 may include at least one of a seat or a standing platform; Figure 1 only shows an example of the support assembly including a seat. The seat or the standing platform is used for sitting or standing while working. That is, the multi-functional vehicle can provide a riding-style working mode or a standing-style working mode. Furthermore, the structure of the seat and the standing platform can be flexibly switched, that is, the working mode of the multi-functional vehicle can be flexibly switched between a riding-style working mode and a standing-style working mode according to the actual needs of the user. A handheld operating component may also be provided on the frame 100, and based on the handheld operating component, the multi-functional vehicle can also provide a push-style working mode.

[0071] The working system 102 includes a power output component 1020 and a walking drive component 1022. The power output component 1020 includes an output element for outputting power to achieve a specific function. In some optional embodiments, the power output component 1020 is a mowing element for performing a lawn mowing function. The power output component 1020 is also connected to the frame 100. The power output component 1020 also includes a first drive motor for driving the mowing element to rotate at high speed, and a control module corresponding to the first drive motor.

[0072] The power output component 1020 may include one or more mowing elements. Correspondingly, the number of the first drive motors may correspond to the number of mowing elements. For example, in some embodiments, the mowing element has three blades, and the number of the first drive motors is also set to three. In some specific embodiments, the control module corresponding to the first drive motor includes a control chip, such as an MCU or ARM.

[0073] In some alternative embodiments, the power output assembly 1020 is a cleaning element for providing power to clean the device. The power output assembly 1020 also includes a first drive motor for driving the cleaning element, and a control module corresponding to the first drive motor.

[0074] It is understood that in some alternative embodiments, the power output component 1020 can be replaced with other functional components, such as snow sweeping, snow blowing, snow shoveling, and flushing components. Those skilled in the art should be able to adapt various functional components without creative effort, and all of the above should be included in the protection scope of this embodiment.

[0075] The driving assembly 1022 is used to enable the multi-functional vehicle to travel within landscaped areas such as lawns, gardens, and fences. The driving assembly 1022 includes at least driving wheel elements and second drive motors for driving the driving wheel elements. Multiple driving wheel elements may be provided, and the number of second drive motors corresponds to the number of driving wheel elements. In some optional embodiments, the driving assembly 1022 includes a first driving wheel, a second driving wheel, and two corresponding second drive motors. When the two second drive motors drive the corresponding driving wheel to rotate at different power levels, a speed difference is generated between the first and second driving wheels, thereby enabling the multi-functional vehicle to steer. In some embodiments, the driving assembly 1022 further includes a driving controller for controlling the second drive motors.

[0076] The operating system 102 serves as the load in the multi-functional vehicle, and the power system 104 supplies power to the load. Specifically, the power system 104 supplies power to at least the first drive motor in the power output assembly 1020 and the second drive motor in the travel drive assembly 1022. The power system 104 can also supply power to other electronic components in the multi-functional vehicle, such as the control module corresponding to the first drive motor in the power output assembly 1020 and the driving controller corresponding to the second drive motor in the travel drive assembly 1022.

[0077] The power system 104 is mounted on the vehicle frame 100 and is detachably connected to the vehicle frame 100. The power system 104 includes multiple detachable battery units 1041, which can be easily removed and installed without tools. Those skilled in the art will understand that the multiple battery units 1041 can also be fixedly packaged in the power system 104.

[0078] The plurality of battery cells 1041 may be selected from at least one of a first-specification battery pack and a second-specification battery pack. The differences in specifications between the first-specification battery pack and the second-specification battery pack include, but are not limited to, differences in battery pack capacity, voltage, battery internal resistance, weight, size, energy density, cell type, charge information, and battery health status information.

[0079] In some alternative embodiments, the difference between the first-specification battery pack and the second-specification battery pack lies in their battery pack capacities. The capacity of the first-specification battery pack is greater than that of the second-specification battery pack.

[0080] The first-specification battery pack can be used to power large electrical equipment, such as large electric chainsaws, large electric angle grinders, push lawnmowers, smart lawnmowers, push snow sweepers, self-propelled snow sweepers, high-power electric hammers, high-power electric picks, high-power circular saws, high-power concrete cutters, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, high-power air compressors, and high-power cleaning machines. The first-specification battery pack can also be used as an energy storage device to power other electrical equipment or to charge other battery packs.

[0081] The second-specification battery pack is configured to power handheld electric garden tools. For example, the second-specification battery pack can power garden tools such as lawn mowers, pruning machines, hair dryers, and chainsaws. In addition, the second-specification battery pack can also power torque-output tools such as electric drills and hammer drills; sawing tools such as circular saws, jigsaws, and reciprocating saws; or grinding tools such as angle grinders and sanders.

[0082] In some alternative embodiments, the difference between the first-specification battery pack and the second-specification battery pack lies in the type of battery cells used. For example, the first-specification battery pack and the second-specification battery pack can respectively use lithium iron phosphate cells and ternary lithium cells. The plurality of battery units 1041 in the power system 104 can also be nickel-cadmium battery cells, lead-acid battery cells, graphene cells, etc.

[0083] The power supply assembly uses at least one of the first-specification battery pack and the second-specification battery pack. This allows the multi-functional vehicle to be compatible with different specifications of battery packs, meeting the needs of high-power operation while also being compatible with handheld electric garden tools, making the work of garden workers more flexible.

[0084] Referring to Figure 3, a charging function block diagram of a multi-functional vehicle provided in an embodiment of this specification is shown. In the multi-functional vehicle, the charger 106 is connected to an external charging power source and can adjust the power from the external charging power source to be suitable for the power system 104, thereby facilitating the charging of the plurality of battery cells 1041 in the power system 104. For example, the charger 106 can convert the high-voltage AC power from the external charging power source into low-voltage DC power suitable for charging.

[0085] In some alternative embodiments, the charger 106 may be an on-board charger, meaning that the charger 106 is installed in the multi-functional vehicle. The charger 106 is electrically coupled to the power system 104 via a charging circuit 1060, transmitting power to the plurality of battery cells 1041 in the power system 104.

[0086] Furthermore, the charger 106 is communicatively connected to the power management system 108 in the multi-functional vehicle, and the power management system (BMS) 108 can adjust and control the working status and output power of the charger 106.

[0087] The power management system 108 is communicatively connected to the power system 104 and can acquire the status information of multiple battery cells 1041 in the power system 104 in real time, thereby determining the corresponding charging current of the multiple battery cells 1041. The power management system 108 controls the charger 106 to charge the multiple battery cells 1041 simultaneously through the charging circuit 1060. During the charging process, the power management system 108 can adaptively adjust and control the total charging power output of the charger 106 for the power system 104 based on the changes in the corresponding charging current of the multiple battery cells 1041 or based on the changes in the corresponding charging current and the charging current of the multiple battery cells 1041.

[0088] As shown in Figure 4, in some alternative embodiments, the charger 106 can be an external charger located outside the multi-functional vehicle. The multi-functional vehicle is provided with a charging interface 200, and the charger 106 is connected to the charging circuit 1060 in the multi-functional vehicle through the charging interface 200, and is electrically coupled to the power system 104 through the charging circuit 1060, thereby transmitting power to the plurality of battery cells 1041 in the power system 104.

[0089] Furthermore, the charger 106 can be communicatively connected to the power management system 108 in the multi-functional vehicle via the charging interface 200. The power management system 108 can adjust and control the operating status and output power of the charger 106. Referring to Figure 5, a charging function block diagram is shown when an external charger is used.

[0090] Charging current and charging voltage are the two most important characteristic parameters of battery cell 1041 during the charging process, which can characterize the charging state of battery cell 1041 during the charging process.

[0091] Specifically, the power management system 108 can, based on the changes in the charging current corresponding to the plurality of battery cells 1041, timely control the charger 106 to increase or decrease the total output charging power, or control the charger 106 to maintain the total charging power at a specific value, so that the charging current corresponding to the plurality of battery cells 1041 is maintained at a higher current level as much as possible, thereby ensuring that the plurality of battery cells 1041 in the power system 104 always maintain a high charging efficiency. Alternatively, the power management system 108 can, based on the changes in the charging current and charging voltage corresponding to the plurality of battery cells 1041, timely control the charger 106 to increase or decrease the total output charging power, or control the charger 106 to maintain the total charging power at a constant value, so that the charging current and / or charging voltage corresponding to the plurality of battery cells 1041 is maintained at a higher current level and / or a higher voltage level as much as possible, thereby ensuring that the plurality of battery cells 1041 in the power system 104 always maintain a high charging efficiency.

[0092] The above-mentioned adaptive adjustment and control method for total charging power can meet the simultaneous charging of multiple battery packs and avoid the impact of differences in the state of charge of different battery packs, thereby effectively improving the overall charging efficiency.

[0093] In some optional embodiments, the power management system 108 communicates with the charger 106 via RS485 communication to set charging power and charging start / stop settings. The power management system 108 also communicates with multiple battery cells 1041 in the power system 104 via serial communication to obtain the status of each battery cell. Furthermore, the power management system 108 communicates with the vehicle controller 1010 in the multi-functional vehicle via CAN communication to confirm shutdown before charging.

[0094] In the multi-functional vehicle, the power management system 108 controls the charger 106 to charge multiple battery cells 1041 connected in parallel simultaneously. During the charging process, the power management system 108 can adaptively adjust and control the total charging power output by the charger 106 according to the changes in the charging current of the multiple battery cells 1041 or the changes in the charging current and charging voltage of the multiple battery cells 1041. This method of charging multiple battery cells 1041 simultaneously can also avoid the influence caused by the difference in the state of charge of different battery packs, ensuring that the multiple battery cells 1041 always have high charging efficiency and effectively improving the overall charging efficiency.

[0095] In some alternative embodiments, the charging circuit 1060 includes multiple charging branches connected in parallel, each of which is correspondingly connected to a plurality of battery cells in the power system 104. During charging, the power management system 108 can control all of the multiple charging branches to be turned on, thereby enabling the charger 106 to charge the multiple battery cells simultaneously.

[0096] In some optional embodiments, each of the multiple charging branches is provided with a switching component. The power management system 108 is communicatively connected to the multiple switching components to control their connection status. During charging, the power management system 108 can control all of the multiple switching components to be connected, thereby allowing the charger 106 to simultaneously charge multiple battery cells through the multiple conducting charging branches. The switching components can be physical mechanical switches or electronic switches, such as MOSFETs, Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), or relays.

[0097] It should be noted that the charging circuit 1060 described in this embodiment can also be used as a discharging circuit. During charging, the charger 106 transmits power from an external charging power source to the power system 104 via the charging circuit 1060, specifically, through multiple charging branches to multiple battery cells. During discharging, power is provided by the multiple battery cells in the power system 104 and transmitted via the charging circuit 1060 to loads in the multi-functional vehicle; for example, power can be transmitted to the power output assembly 1020 and / or the driving drive assembly 1022.

[0098] As shown in Figure 6, in some optional embodiments, the switching component is a MOSFET. Furthermore, considering that the charging circuit 1060 can also be used as a discharging circuit, a first MOSFET and a second MOSFET are connected in series in multiple circuits within the charging circuit or the discharging branch to jointly form the switching component.

[0099] Both the first MOSFET and the second MOSFET include a body diode. In the first MOSFET, the conduction direction of the body diode is the same as the direction of the discharge current, which flows from the power system 104 towards the load in the multi-functional vehicle. In the second MOSFET, the conduction direction of the body diode is the same as the direction of the charging current, which flows from the charger 106 towards the power system 104.

[0100] During discharge, the power management system 108 controls multiple second MOSFETs in multiple discharge branches to remain in the on state, and achieves discharge control by controlling the on state of multiple first MOSFETs. During charging, the power management system 108 can control multiple first MOSFETs in multiple charging branches to remain in the on state, and achieves charging control by controlling the on state of multiple second MOSFETs.

[0101] Referring to Figure 6, taking the power system 104 as an example, which includes two battery units 1041, the two battery units 1041 can be represented as PACK1 and PACK2, and the corresponding charging circuit 1060 includes two charging branches connected in parallel.

[0102] During charging, the power system 104 is connected to the charger 106 through the charging circuit 1060, and the charger 106 transmits power from the external charging power source to the power system. In the figure, P+ and P- represent the access ports of the charger 106.

[0103] During discharge, the power system 104 is connected to the load in the multi-functional vehicle through the charging circuit 1060 (used as a discharge circuit), and the multiple battery cells 1041 in the power system 104 provide power to the load. In the figure, P+ and P- represent the access ports of the load.

[0104] In both charging branches of the charging circuit 1060, a first MOSFET (Q1) and a second MOSFET (Q2) are connected in series. Both the first MOSFET and the second MOSFET include a body diode. Specifically, the conduction direction of the body diode in the first MOSFET (Q1) is the same as the direction of the discharge current, which flows from the power system 104 towards the load in the multi-functional vehicle; the conduction direction of the body diode in the second MOSFET (Q2) is the same as the direction of the charging current, which flows from the charger 106 towards the power system 104.

[0105] The power management system 108 (BMS) is connected to a plurality of MOSFETs to control their on / off states. During discharge, the BMS controls a plurality of second MOSFETs (Q2) to remain in the on state, and controls the discharge process by controlling the on state of a plurality of first MOSFETs (Q1). During charging, the BMS controls a plurality of first MOSFETs (Q1) in a plurality of charging branches to remain in the on state, and controls the charging process by controlling the on state of a plurality of second MOSFETs (Q2).

[0106] In one scenario, the power management system 108 can adaptively adjust the total charging power based solely on the charging current of the plurality of battery cells 1041. As shown in FIG7, in a multi-functional vehicle provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification, the battery management system is configured to adaptively adjust the total charging power based on the charging current of the plurality of battery cells, including:

[0107] The power management system 108 is configured to control the charger 106 to adaptively switch between a first charging state, a second charging state, and a third charging state for the power system 104 based on the changes in the charging current of the multiple battery cells.

[0108] In the first charging state, the power management system 108 controls the total charging power output by the charger 106 to gradually increase. At the start of charging, the total charging power of the charger 106 is initialized to zero. The power management system 108 can first control the charger 106 to be in the first charging state, that is, control the total charging power to gradually increase from zero.

[0109] In the second charging state, the power management system 108 controls the total charging power output by the charger 106 to gradually decrease. During the charging process, as the total charging power changes, one or more battery cells in the power system 104 may experience excessive charging current. For example, when a battery cell is fully charged and removed from the charging queue, the charging current of other battery cells may increase significantly. To address this, the power management system 108 can control the charger 106 to be in the second charging state, gradually reducing the total charging power, thereby suppressing excessive charging current in one or more battery cells.

[0110] In some optional embodiments, the rate of change of the total charging power in the first charging state is lower than the rate of change in the second charging state. The rate of change refers to the absolute value of the change in total charging power per unit time. Those skilled in the art will understand that when one or more battery cells in the power system 104 experience excessive charging current, there may be a risk of overcharging, requiring timely suppression of the charging current. Therefore, a larger rate of change is adopted when controlling the reduction of the total charging power. That is, the total charging power is controlled to increase slowly in the first charging state, while the total charging power is controlled to decrease rapidly in the second charging state.

[0111] In the third charging state, the power management system 108 controls the total charging power output by the charger 106 to maintain at least one constant value. During the charging process, when the total charging power gradually increases or decreases to a certain extent, it enters a more stable charging stage. The power management system 108 can then control the charger 106 to enter the third charging stage, thereby maintaining the total charging power at at least one constant value.

[0112] As shown in Figure 7, in a multi-functional vehicle provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification, the power management system is configured to control the charger to adaptively switch between a first charging state, a second charging state, and a third charging state according to the changes in the charging current of the plurality of battery cells, including:

[0113] In response to the fact that the charging current of each of the multiple battery cells is less than its corresponding rated charging current, the power management system controls the charging state to be in the first charging state. It should be noted that since the multiple battery cells may use battery packs of different specifications, the corresponding rated charging currents of the multiple battery cells may also be different.

[0114] In response to the charging current of any of the battery cells being greater than a corresponding preset current upper limit threshold, the power management system controls the charging state to be in the second charging state.

[0115] Wherein, the preset current upper limit threshold corresponding to the battery cell is greater than the rated charging current of the battery cell. For example, the rated charging current corresponding to the battery cell can be denoted as I. e The corresponding preset current upper limit threshold Specifically, the preset current upper limit threshold can be set to a value of

[0116] In response to the charging state being in the first charging state and the charging current of any of the battery cells being greater than the corresponding rated charging current, the power management system controls the charging state to switch from the first charging state to the third charging state.

[0117] When the charging current of any one of the battery cells in the power system 104 is greater than the corresponding rated charging current I eThe charging current of this battery cell is already at a high level. Further increasing the total charging power could lead to overcharging, therefore it is not advisable to continue increasing the total charging power. The power management system 108 can control the charging state to switch from the first charging state to the third charging state, stopping the total charging power from increasing further and maintaining it at a constant value.

[0118] In response to the charging state being in the second charging state and the charging current of the plurality of battery cells being less than the corresponding rated charging current, the power management system controls the charging state to switch from the second charging state to the third charging state.

[0119] When the charging current of each of the multiple battery cells in the power system 104 is less than the corresponding rated charging current I e This indicates that multiple battery cells have moved away from a higher charging level, and further reducing the total charging power would lead to a lower overall charging efficiency. Therefore, it is not advisable to continue reducing the total charging power. The power management system 108 can control the charging state to switch from the second charging state to the third charging state, so that the total charging power stops decreasing and is maintained at a corresponding constant value.

[0120] In response to the charging state being in the third charging state and the charging current of the plurality of battery cells being less than the corresponding preset current lower limit threshold, the power management system controls the charging state to switch from the third charging state to the first charging state.

[0121] In the third charging state, the total charging power is maintained at a constant value for continuous charging. During continuous charging, since the total charging power remains constant, a gradual increase in the charging voltage of the multiple battery cells or a change in the charging state from unbalanced to balanced charging of the multiple battery cells may cause a decrease in charging current. During this process, if the charging current of the multiple battery cells drops below the corresponding preset lower limit threshold, it indicates that the multiple battery cells have fallen out of a higher charging level. Therefore, the power management system 108 can control the charging state to switch from the third charging state to the first charging state, and control the total charging power to gradually increase or decrease, so that the multiple battery cells return to a higher charging level.

[0122] Wherein, the preset current lower limit threshold of the battery cell is less than the rated charging current of the battery cell. For example, the corresponding preset current lower limit threshold of the battery cell Specifically, the preset current lower limit threshold can be set to a value of

[0123] Those skilled in the art will understand that the preset current upper limit threshold With the preset lower current threshold The settings can be flexibly configured according to actual conditions, such as the preset current upper limit threshold. It can also be set to 1.05I. e 1.15I e 1.2I e etc., the preset current lower limit threshold It can also be set to 0.95I e 0.85I e 0.8I e wait.

[0124] In the multi-functional vehicle, when the power management system 108 controls the charging state to adaptively switch according to the charging current changes of the multiple battery cells, it compares the charging current of the multiple battery cells with their respective rated charging current, preset upper current threshold, and preset lower current threshold, and adjusts the charging state in a timely manner according to the comparison results. It controls the total charging power to increase, decrease, or remain at a constant value, so that the multiple battery cells in the power system 104 maintain a high charging level for as long as possible throughout the entire charging process, ensuring that the multiple battery cells always have high charging efficiency and effectively improving the overall charging efficiency.

[0125] As shown in Figure 7, in a multi-functional vehicle provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification, the power management system is configured to control the charger to adaptively switch between a first charging state, a second charging state, and a third charging state according to the changes in the charging current of the plurality of battery cells, and further includes:

[0126] In response to the start of charging or the addition of a new battery cell to the power system, the power management system is configured to initialize the total charging power and control the charging state to be in the first charging state.

[0127] When the power management system 108 controls the charger 106 to start charging, it initializes the total charging power output by the charger 106, controls multiple charging branches to be turned on, and controls the total charging power to change from zero. At the beginning of charging, the charging current of multiple battery cells in the power system 104 is at a low level. If the corresponding charging current of multiple battery cells is less than the corresponding rated charging current, the power management system 108 can control the charger 106 to be in the first charging state for the power system 104, so that the total charging power output by the charger 106 gradually increases from zero.

[0128] When a new battery unit is connected to the power system 104, the power management system 108 can re-initialize the total charging power and control the charging state to be in the first charging state, so that the total charging power output by the charger 106 gradually increases from zero again.

[0129] As shown in Figure 7, in a multi-functional vehicle provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification, the power management system is configured to control the charger to adaptively switch between a first charging state, a second charging state, and a third charging state according to the changes in the charging current of the plurality of battery cells, and further includes:

[0130] In response to the removal of a battery cell from the power system 104, if the charging current of any of the remaining battery cells is greater than a corresponding preset current upper limit threshold, the power management system 108 controls the charging state to be in the second charging state.

[0131] The removal of a battery cell from the power system 104 includes operatively removing the battery cell and cutting off power to the battery cell when it is fully charged or malfunctions.

[0132] In the power system 104, situations such as user-operated removal of a battery cell, active disconnection of power supply due to battery malfunction, or disconnection of power supply when the battery cell is fully charged all constitute battery cell removal. When a battery cell is removed, the current in the corresponding charging branch of the removed battery cell is interrupted, causing a sudden increase in the charging current of the other battery cells connected in parallel. In this case, it is necessary to determine whether the changed charging current of the remaining battery cells exceeds the corresponding preset current upper limit threshold. If the charging current of any of the remaining battery cells exceeds the corresponding preset current upper limit threshold, it indicates a potential risk of overcharging. Therefore, the power management system 108 can control the charging state to switch to the second charging state, gradually reducing the total charging power.

[0133] As shown in Figure 8, in a multi-functional vehicle provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification, when the charging state is in the third charging state, the power management system controls the total charging power to maintain at least one constant value, including:

[0134] In response to any of the battery cells reaching full charge voltage, the power management system 108 updates the rated charging current of the battery cell and adjusts the total charging power based on the updated rated charging current, updating the total charging power to a new constant value and maintaining it.

[0135] When the charging voltage of the battery cell in the power system 104 reaches the corresponding full charge voltage for the first time, it indicates that the battery cell has entered the constant voltage charging stage. In this case, the power management system 108 can adjust and control the total charging power to reduce the corresponding charging current of the battery cell.

[0136] In some optional embodiments, the power management system 108 can obtain the real-time charging voltage of multiple battery cells 1041 through communication with the power system 104. When it is detected that the charging voltage of any battery cell 1041 reaches its corresponding full charge voltage, the power management system 108 can update the corresponding rated charging current of the battery cell 1041, making the updated rated charging current lower than the original rated charging current, and adjust the total charging power based on the updated rated charging current, so that the total charging power is updated and maintained at a new constant value, thereby controlling and reducing the corresponding charging current of the battery cell.

[0137] Specifically, the power management system 108 can update the rated charging current of the battery cell 1041 based on a decreasing rule. That is, every time the charging voltage of the battery cell 1041 reaches the full charging voltage, the power management system 108 updates the rated charging current of the battery cell 1041, and the rated charging current after each update is lower than the original rated charging current before the update.

[0138] Referring to Figure 8, for a certain battery cell 1041 in the power system 104, the corresponding rated charging current of the battery cell 1041 before reaching the constant voltage charging stage can be expressed as I. e The charging voltage of the battery cell 1041 first reaches the corresponding full charge voltage V. f At that time, the power management system 108 updates the rated charging current of the battery cell 1041, and the updated rated charging current can be expressed as I. e-1 I e-1 e Specifically, the updated rated charging current could be, for example, I. e-1 =0.7I e .

[0139] During the charging process, if the charging voltage of the battery cell 1041 reaches the corresponding full charge voltage V again... f The power management system 108 then updates the rated charging current of the battery cell 1041 again. The updated rated charging current can be expressed as I. e-2 I e-2 e-1 e Specifically, the updated rated charging current could be, for example, I. e-2 =0.5I e .

[0140] Similarly, each time the charging voltage of the battery cell 1041 reaches the full charge voltage, the power management system 108 updates the corresponding rated charging current of the battery cell 1041 until the rated charging current is updated to the lower limit threshold I. e-min The lower limit threshold of the charging current I e-min Much smaller than the initial rated charging current I of the corresponding battery cell e The lower limit threshold of the charging current can be set to, for example, I. e-min =0.1I e During this process, the repeatedly updated rated charging current can be expressed as I. e-1 ,I e-2 ,I e-3 …I​​​e-min For example, the corresponding specific value could be 0.7I. e 0.5I e 0.3I e ,…,0.1I e Those skilled in the art will understand that the rated charging current is updated based on a decreasing trend, and the value of the rated charging current after multiple updates can be flexibly set according to actual conditions. For example, a specific value could be set to 0.9I. e 0.8I e 0.7I e ,…,0.1I e .

[0141] When the power management system 108 updates the rated charging current of the battery cell 1041 to be less than or equal to the lower limit threshold I of the charging current. e-min Furthermore, if the charging voltage of the battery cell 1041 reaches the full charging voltage again, it indicates that the battery cell 1041 is fully charged. The power management system 108 can control the disconnection of the power transmission from the charger 106 to the battery cell 1041. Specifically, the power management system 108 can disconnect the power transmission of the corresponding charging branch by controlling the on / off state of the switching component in the corresponding charging branch. Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described determination that the battery cell 1041 is fully charged and the disconnection of the power transmission of the corresponding charging branch can also be regarded as the removal of the battery cell.

[0142] It should be noted that after updating the rated charging current of the battery cell 1041, the power management system 108 adaptively switches the charging state based on the updated rated charging current. For example, in the third charging state, the charging current of a certain battery cell 1041 may differ from the rated charging current I. e Approaching, when the charging voltage of the battery cell 1041 reaches the corresponding full charge voltage V f The power management system 108 updates and sets the rated charging current of the battery cell 1041 to I. e-1 =0.7I e During subsequent charging process, the charging state switching control is also based on the updated rated charging current I. e-1 To make judgments and controls.

[0143] After updating the rated charging current of the battery cell 1041, the power management system 108 also adjusts the total charging power based on the updated rated charging current, and updates the total charging power to a new constant value and maintains it.

[0144] In some alternative embodiments, the method by which the power management system 108 adjusts the total charging power based on the updated rated charging current includes:

[0145] The power management system 108 calculates and determines the charging power adjustment value based on the difference between the updated rated charging current and the original rated charging current corresponding to the battery cell 1041, and the corresponding full charge voltage of the battery cell; and determines a new constant value based on the difference between the total charging power before the rated charging current is updated and the charging power adjustment value.

[0146] With the original rated charging current I e After updating the settings, the rated charging current I e-1 =0.7I e Let's take an example to illustrate:

[0147] The power management system 108 determines the difference in rated charging current before and after the update: ΔI e =I e-1 -I e =0.7I e -I e =-0.3I e

[0148] Combined with the full charge voltage V of the battery cell f Calculate and determine the charging power adjustment value: ΔP = ΔI e ×V f =-0.3I e ·V f

[0149] A new constant value is determined based on the total charging power before the update and the adjusted charging power value: P′ all =P all +ΔP=P all -0.3I e ·V f

[0150] Among them, P all P′ represents the total charging power before the update. all This represents the new constant value corresponding to the total charging power after the settings are updated, and ΔP represents the charging power adjustment value.

[0151] The power management system 108 adjusts the total charging power based on the updated rated charging current, updating the total charging power to a new constant value P′. all During subsequent charging processes, when the charging state is in the third charging state, the power management system 108 can maintain the total charging power output by the charger 106 at a new constant value P′.all .

[0152] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details the process by which the power management system adaptively adjusts the total charging power. Referring to Figure 9, which is a schematic diagram illustrating the change in total charging power during the charging process of a multi-functional vehicle provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification, the power management system 108 controls the charger 106 to charge multiple battery cells 1041.

[0153] As shown in Figure 9, at time t0, the power management system 108 controls the charger 106 to start charging, and the initial charging power output by the charger 106 is 0.

[0154] At the beginning of charging, the charging current of each of the battery cells 1041 is less than the corresponding rated charging current I. e The power management system 108 can control the charger 106 to be in the first charging state, that is, control the total charging power to gradually increase, as shown in the time period t0 to t1 in Figure 9.

[0155] At time t1, the charging current of one or more of the battery cells 1041 in the multiple power systems 104 increases to be greater than the corresponding rated charging current I. e If the total charging power is increased at this time, the battery cell may be overcharged. Therefore, the power management system 108 can control the charging state to switch to the third charging state, that is, stop increasing the total charging power at time t1, and control the total charging power P1 at time t1 to maintain the total charging power at P1.

[0156] Between times t1 and t2, the charging state is in the third charging state, and the total charging power is maintained at P1. During this process, the charging current and charging voltage of the multiple battery cells 1041 also change continuously. Due to the constant power, the voltage increases, or the multiple battery cells change from an unbalanced state to a basically balanced state, resulting in a decrease in charging current.

[0157] At time t2, the charging current of multiple battery cells 1041 in the power system 104 drops to less than the corresponding preset current lower limit threshold, indicating that multiple battery cells have left the higher charging level. Therefore, the power management system 108 can control the charging state to switch from the third charging state to the first charging state and control the total charging power to gradually increase or decrease so that multiple battery cells can return to the higher charging level, as shown in the time period from t2 to t3 in Figure 9.

[0158] At time t3, the charging current of one or more of the battery cells 1041 in the multiple power systems 104 increases again to be greater than the corresponding rated charging current I. e At this point, continuing to increase the total charging power may cause the battery cells to overcharge. Therefore, the power management system 108 can control the charging state to switch from the first charging state to the third charging state, that is, stop increasing the total charging power at time t3, and control the total charging power P2 at time t3 to maintain the total charging power at P2.

[0159] Between times t3 and t4, the charging state is in the third charging state, and the total charging power is maintained at P2. As the charging process continues, the corresponding charging voltage of the multiple battery cells 1041 will also continuously increase.

[0160] At time t4, the charging current of one or more of the battery cells 1041 in the multiple power systems 104 increases to the corresponding full charge voltage V. f This indicates that one or more of the battery cells 1041 have reached the constant voltage charging stage. At this time, the power management system 108 can update its settings according to the corresponding rated charging current of one or more battery cells 1041. Taking one battery cell 1041 reaching full charge voltage as an example, its corresponding rated charging current I... e Update settings to I e-1 =0.7I e The corresponding constant value of the total charging power is also updated and set to P′. all =P3.

[0161] Between times t4 and t6, after updating the rated charging current, the power management system 108 adaptively adjusts and controls the total charging power based on the updated rated charging current. This adjustment is based on the updated rated charging current I. e-1 =0.7I e The preset current upper limit threshold of the battery cell 1041 is updated to The charging current of the battery cell 1041 may exceed the corresponding preset current upper limit threshold. The power management system 108 then controls the charging state to switch to a second charging state, gradually reducing the total charging power. During this process, the charging current of multiple battery cells 1041 in the power system 104 is less than the corresponding preset current lower limit threshold. The power management system 108 then controls the charging state to switch to a first charging state, gradually increasing the charging power.

[0162] At time t6, the battery cell 1041 with the updated rated charging current has its corresponding charging current increased to be greater than the updated rated charging current I. e-1The power management system 108 can control the charging state to switch to the third charging state, that is, stop increasing the total charging power at time t6, and maintain the total charging power at a new constant value P3.

[0163] Between times t6 and t7, the power management system 108 performs control on the total charging power similar to that between times t3 and t6. At time t6, the power management system 108 controls the charging state to switch to the third charging state. When the charging voltage of the battery cell 1041 reaches full charge voltage again, the power management system 108 updates and sets the corresponding rated charging current I of the battery cell 1041. e Update settings to I e-2 =0.5I e The corresponding constant value of the total charging power is also updated and set to P′. all =P4.

[0164] When the full charge voltage of the battery cell 1041 reaches the full charge voltage again between t7 and t8, the power management system 108 updates its corresponding rated full charge current setting again, and the rated full charge voltage is updated to the lower limit threshold I of the charging current. e-2 =I e-min =0.1I e The corresponding constant value of the total charging power is also updated and set to P′. all =P5.

[0165] At time t8, the power management system 108 controls the charging state to switch to the third charging state.

[0166] At time t9, when the charging voltage of battery cell 1041 reaches full charge voltage again, it can be determined that battery cell 1041 is fully charged. The power management system 108 can then control the removal of this battery cell. The current in the corresponding charging branch of the removed battery cell is cut off, causing a sudden increase in the charging current of the other battery cells connected in parallel. In this case, the charging current of the remaining battery cells 1041, after the change, exceeds the corresponding preset current upper limit threshold. When the charging current of any of the remaining battery cells exceeds the corresponding preset current upper limit threshold, the power management system 108 can control the charging state to switch to the second charging state, causing the total charging power to gradually decrease.

[0167] In the subsequent charging process, the power management system 108 can use the same control logic as described above to control the total charging power until the last battery cell 1041 is fully charged, at which point the power management system 108 controls the total charging power to drop to zero.

[0168] In another scenario, the power management system 108 can take into account the charging current and charging voltage of the multiple battery cells 1041 and adaptively adjust and control the total charging power.

[0169] As shown in Figure 11, in a multi-functional vehicle provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification, the battery management system is configured to adaptively adjust and control the total charging power based on the charging current and charging voltage of the plurality of battery cells, including:

[0170] The power management system 108 is configured to control the charger 106 to adaptively switch between a first charging state, a second charging state, a third charging state, and a fourth charging state for the power system 104 based on the changes in the charging current and the charging voltage of the multiple battery cells.

[0171] In the first charging state, the power management system 108 controls the total charging power output by the charger 106 to gradually increase. At the start of charging, the total charging power of the charger 106 is initialized to zero. The power management system 108 can first control the charger 106 to be in the first charging state, that is, control the total charging power to gradually increase from zero.

[0172] In the second charging state, the power management system 108 controls the total charging power output by the charger 106 to gradually decrease. During the charging process, as the total charging power changes, one or more battery cells in the power system 104 may experience excessive charging current. For example, when a battery cell is fully charged and removed from the charging queue, the charging current of other battery cells may increase significantly. To address this, the power management system 108 can control the charger 106 to be in the second charging state, gradually reducing the total charging power, thereby suppressing excessive charging current in one or more battery cells.

[0173] In some optional embodiments, the rate of change of the total charging power in the first charging state is lower than the rate of change in the second charging state. The rate of change refers to the absolute value of the change in total charging power per unit time. Those skilled in the art will understand that when one or more battery cells in the power system 104 experience excessive charging current, there may be a risk of overcharging, requiring timely suppression of the charging current. Therefore, a larger rate of change is adopted when controlling the reduction of the total charging power. That is, the total charging power is controlled to increase slowly in the first charging state, while the total charging power is controlled to decrease rapidly in the second charging state.

[0174] In the third charging state, the power management system 108 controls the total charging power output by the charger 106 to maintain at least one constant value. During the charging process, when the total charging power gradually increases or decreases to a certain extent, it enters a more stable charging stage. The power management system 108 can then control the charger 106 to enter the third charging stage, thereby maintaining the total charging power at at least one constant value.

[0175] In the fourth charging state, the power management system 108 controls the charger 106 to perform constant voltage charging on the battery cells 1041 whose charging voltage has reached the corresponding full charging voltage. In the power system 104, when the charging voltage of any battery cell 1041 reaches the corresponding full charging voltage, the battery cell 1041 enters the constant voltage charging stage, and the power management system 108 begins to perform constant voltage charging control on the battery cell 1041 to maintain the corresponding charging voltage of the battery cell 1041 at the full charging voltage level.

[0176] As shown in Figure 11, in a multi-functional vehicle provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification, the power management system is configured to control the charger to adaptively switch between a first charging state, a second charging state, a third charging state, and a fourth charging state for the power system based on changes in the charging current and the charging voltage of the plurality of battery cells, including:

[0177] In response to the fact that the charging current of each of the multiple battery cells is less than its corresponding rated charging current, the power management system controls the charging state to be in the first charging state. It should be noted that since the multiple battery cells may use battery packs of different specifications, the corresponding rated charging currents of the multiple battery cells may also be different.

[0178] In response to the charging current of any of the battery cells being greater than a corresponding preset current upper limit threshold or the charging voltage of any of the battery cells being greater than a corresponding rated voltage upper limit threshold, the power management system controls the charging state to be in the second charging state.

[0179] Wherein, the preset current upper limit threshold corresponding to the battery cell is greater than the rated charging current of the battery cell. For example, the rated charging current corresponding to the battery cell can be denoted as I. e The corresponding preset current upper limit threshold Specifically, the preset current upper limit threshold can be set to a value of

[0180] The upper limit threshold of the rated voltage corresponding to the battery cell is slightly greater than the full charge voltage of the battery cell. For example, the full charge voltage corresponding to the battery cell can be denoted as V. f The corresponding upper limit threshold of the rated voltage Specifically, the upper limit threshold of the rated voltage can be taken as a value.

[0181] Those skilled in the art will understand that the preset current upper limit threshold and the upper limit threshold of the rated voltage The specific value can be flexibly set according to the actual situation. Generally, the preset current upper limit threshold is... Compared to the rated charging current I e Numerically exceeding 5% to 20%. The upper limit threshold of the rated voltage. Compared to the full charge voltage V f The numerical value exceeds 1% to 5%.

[0182] The charging current of any one of the battery cells is greater than the corresponding preset current upper limit threshold. Or the charging voltage of any one of the battery cells is greater than the corresponding upper limit threshold of the rated voltage. This indicates that the charging current or charging voltage of the battery cell exceeds a relatively safe charging level range, and there is a certain risk of battery overcharging. Therefore, the power management system 108 needs to control the charging state to a second charging state, that is, gradually reduce the total charging power so that the corresponding charging current or charging voltage of the battery cell falls back to a safe level range.

[0183] In response to the charging state being in the first charging state and the charging current of any of the battery cells being greater than the corresponding rated charging current, the power management system controls the charging state to switch from the first charging state to the third charging state.

[0184] When the charging current of any one of the battery cells in the power system 104 is greater than the corresponding rated charging current I e The charging current of this battery cell is already at a high level. Further increasing the total charging power could lead to overcharging, therefore it is not advisable to continue increasing the total charging power. The power management system 108 can control the charging state to switch from the first charging state to the third charging state, stopping the total charging power from increasing further and maintaining it at a constant value.

[0185] In response to the charging state being in the third charging state and the charging current of the plurality of battery cells being less than the corresponding preset current lower limit threshold, the power management system controls the charging state to switch from the third charging state to the first charging state.

[0186] In the third charging state, the total charging power is maintained at a constant value for continuous charging. During continuous charging, since the total charging power remains constant, a gradual increase in the charging voltage of the multiple battery cells or a change in the charging state from unbalanced to balanced charging of the multiple battery cells may cause a decrease in charging current. During this process, if the charging current of the multiple battery cells drops below the corresponding preset lower limit threshold, it indicates that the multiple battery cells have fallen out of a higher charging level. Therefore, the power management system 108 can control the charging state to switch from the third charging state to the first charging state, and control the total charging power to gradually increase or decrease, so that the multiple battery cells return to a higher charging level.

[0187] Wherein, the preset current lower limit threshold of the battery cell is less than the rated charging current of the battery cell. For example, the corresponding preset current lower limit threshold of the battery cell Specifically, the preset current lower limit threshold can be set to a value of

[0188] Those skilled in the art will understand that the preset current upper limit threshold With the preset lower current threshold The settings can be flexibly configured according to actual conditions, such as the preset current upper limit threshold. It can also be set to 1.05I. e 1.15I e 1.2I e etc., the preset current lower limit threshold It can also be set to 0.95I e 0.85I e 0.8I e Etc. Generally, the preset lower current threshold value... Compared to the rated charging current I e Numerically, it is 5% to 20% smaller.

[0189] In response to the charging state being in the third charging state and the charging voltage of any of the battery cells being greater than the corresponding full charge voltage, the power management system controls the charging state to switch from the third charging state to the fourth charging state.

[0190] In the third charging state, the total charging power is maintained at a constant value for continuous charging, and the charging voltage of the multiple battery cells 1041 in the power system 104 gradually increases. During this process, when the charging voltage of any battery cell increases to a level greater than the corresponding full-charge voltage, it indicates that the battery cell 1041 has entered the constant-voltage charging stage. The power management system 108 then switches the charging state to the fourth charging state and performs constant-voltage charging control on the battery cell 1041. By adaptively adjusting the total charging power, the system aims to maintain the charging voltage of the battery cell 1041 at the full-charge voltage level as much as possible.

[0191] In response to the charging state being in the fourth charging state and the charging voltage of any of the battery cells being greater than the corresponding rated voltage upper limit threshold, the power management system controls the charging state to switch from the fourth charging state to the second charging state.

[0192] In the fourth charging state, the power management system 108 adaptively adjusts the total charging power to maintain the battery cell 1041, which has reached its full charging voltage, at the full charging voltage level for constant voltage charging. During this process, the charging current and charging voltage of other battery cells in the power system 104 continuously change, potentially affecting the battery cell 1041 entering the constant voltage charging stage, causing its charging voltage to rise above the corresponding rated voltage upper limit threshold. In this situation, the battery cell 1041 cannot continue to maintain constant voltage charging, and its charging voltage also exceeds the relatively safe charging level range. Therefore, the power management system 108 can control the charging state to switch from the fourth charging state to the second charging state, thereby controlling the total charging power to gradually decrease, so that the corresponding charging voltage of the battery cell falls back to the safe level range.

[0193] In response to the charging state being in the second charging state and the charging voltage of the plurality of battery cells being less than the corresponding rated voltage lower limit threshold, the power management system controls the charging state to switch from the second charging state to the fourth charging state.

[0194] After the power management system 108 switches the charging state from the fourth charging state to the second charging state, the power management system 108 continues to monitor the corresponding charging voltages of the plurality of battery cells 1041. If the charging voltages of the plurality of battery cells 1041 all drop below the corresponding rated voltage lower limit threshold... Then the power management system 108 will switch the charging state from the second charging state back to the fourth charging state.

[0195] The lower limit of the rated voltage of the battery cell is slightly less than the full charge voltage of the battery cell. For example, the full charge voltage of the battery cell can be denoted as V. f The corresponding upper limit threshold of the rated voltage Specifically, the upper limit threshold of the rated voltage can be taken as a value.

[0196] Those skilled in the art will understand that the lower limit threshold of the rated voltage The specific value can be flexibly set according to the actual situation. Generally, the lower limit threshold of the rated voltage is... Compared to the full charge voltage V f The numerical value is 1% to 5% smaller.

[0197] During charging, once the charging voltage of any of the battery cells 1041 reaches the full charging voltage, it enters the constant voltage charging stage. If, during subsequent charging, changes in the charging current and charging voltage of multiple battery cells cause the charging voltage of the battery cell 1041 to drop below the corresponding rated voltage lower limit threshold, the battery cell 1041 will exit the constant voltage charging stage, and its charging efficiency will also decrease. To maintain the multiple battery cells, including the battery cell 1041, at a higher charging efficiency as much as possible, the power management system 108 needs to control the total charging power to continue to decrease, switching the charging state from the second charging state back to the fourth charging state, so that the battery cells continue to remain in the constant voltage charging stage.

[0198] In the multi-functional vehicle, when the power management system 108 controls the adaptive switching of the charging state based on the changes in the charging current and charging voltage of the multiple battery cells, it compares the charging current of the multiple battery cells with their respective rated charging current, preset upper current threshold, and preset lower current threshold, and / or compares the charging voltage of the multiple battery cells with their respective full charge voltage, rated voltage upper threshold, and rated voltage lower threshold. Based on the comparison results, it adjusts the charging state in a timely manner, controlling the charging state to switch flexibly and promptly between the first, second, third, and fourth charging states. It adaptively controls the total charging power to increase, decrease, or remain at a constant value, thereby ensuring that the multiple battery cells in the power system 104 maintain a high charging level for as long as possible throughout the entire charging process, ensuring that the multiple battery cells always have high charging efficiency, and effectively improving the overall charging efficiency.

[0199] As shown in Figure 11, in a multi-functional vehicle provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification, the power management system is configured to control the charger to adaptively switch between a first charging state, a second charging state, a third charging state, and a fourth charging state for the power system based on changes in the charging current and charging voltage of the plurality of battery cells, and further includes:

[0200] In response to the start of charging or the addition of a new battery cell to the power system, the power management system is configured to initialize the total charging power and control the charging state to be in the first charging state.

[0201] When the power management system 108 controls the charger 106 to start charging, it initializes the total charging power output by the charger 106, controls multiple charging branches to be turned on, and controls the total charging power to change from zero. At the beginning of charging, the charging current of multiple battery cells in the power system 104 is at a low level. If the corresponding charging current of multiple battery cells is less than the corresponding rated charging current, the power management system 108 can control the charger 106 to be in the first charging state for the power system 104, so that the total charging power output by the charger 106 gradually increases from zero.

[0202] When a new battery unit is connected to the power system 104, the power management system 108 can re-initialize the total charging power and control the charging state to be in the first charging state, so that the total charging power output by the charger 106 gradually increases from zero again.

[0203] As shown in Figure 11, in a multi-functional vehicle provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification, the power management system is configured to control the charger to adaptively switch between a first charging state, a second charging state, a third charging state, and a fourth charging state for the power system based on changes in the charging current and charging voltage of the plurality of battery cells, and further includes:

[0204] In response to the removal of a battery cell from the power system 104, if the charging current of any of the remaining battery cells is greater than a corresponding preset current upper limit threshold, or if the charging voltage of any of the remaining battery cells is greater than a corresponding rated voltage upper limit threshold, the power management system 108 controls the charging state to be in the second charging state.

[0205] The removal of a battery cell from the power system 104 includes operatively removing the battery cell and cutting off power to the battery cell when it is fully charged or malfunctions.

[0206] In the power system 104, situations such as user-operated removal of a battery unit, active disconnection of power supply due to battery malfunction, or disconnection of power supply when the battery unit is fully charged all constitute battery unit removal. When a battery unit is removed, the corresponding charging branch of the removed battery unit is disconnected, which will cause significant changes in the charging current and charging voltage of the other battery units connected in parallel.

[0207] In this case, it is necessary to determine whether the charging current of the remaining multiple battery cells, after the change, exceeds the corresponding preset current upper limit threshold, and whether the charging voltage of the remaining multiple battery cells, after the change, exceeds the corresponding rated voltage upper limit threshold. When the charging current of any of the remaining battery cells exceeds the corresponding preset current upper limit threshold, or the charging voltage of any of the remaining battery cells exceeds the corresponding rated voltage upper limit threshold, it indicates a potential risk of overcharging. Therefore, the power management system 108 can control the charging state to switch to the second charging state, so that the total charging power gradually decreases.

[0208] As shown in Figure 11, a multi-functional vehicle provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification, when the charging state is in the fourth charging state, further includes the power management system controlling the charger to perform constant voltage charging on the battery cells whose charging voltage has reached the corresponding full charge voltage, and further includes:

[0209] In the fourth charging state, the power management system is configured to control the charging voltage of the corresponding battery cell to be basically maintained at the full charge voltage, so as to perform constant voltage charging on the battery cell.

[0210] During the constant voltage charging phase, the charging current of the battery cell gradually decreases. This occurs in response to the charging current of any battery cell decreasing to a lower charging current threshold I. e-min The power management system is configured to determine when the battery cell is fully charged and control the disconnection of power transmission from the charger to the battery cell.

[0211] Wherein, the lower limit threshold of the charging current is much smaller than the rated charging current of the corresponding battery cell, for example, the lower limit threshold of the charging current I e-min =0.1I e Those skilled in the art will understand that the lower limit threshold of the charging current can be flexibly set and adjusted according to actual conditions, and its specific value is generally the rated charging current I. e1% to 20%.

[0212] After determining that the battery cell 1041 is fully charged, the power management system 108 can control the disconnection of the power transmission from the charger 106 to the battery cell 1041. Specifically, the power management system 108 can disconnect the power transmission of the corresponding charging branch by controlling the on / off state of the switching component in the corresponding charging branch. Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described determination that the battery cell 1041 is fully charged and the disconnection of the power transmission of the corresponding charging branch can also be considered as removing the battery cell.

[0213] As shown in Figure 3, in a multi-functional vehicle provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification, the power management system 108 is communicatively connected to a plurality of battery cells 1041 in the power system 104, and can obtain the status information of the plurality of battery cells 1041 in real time. The status information includes, but is not limited to, parameter information, health status information, charging and discharging current information, and charging and discharging voltage information of the battery cells.

[0214] Before controlling the charger 106 to begin charging, the power management system 108 performs a preprocessing judgment operation to determine whether the charging operation can proceed safely and stably. Specifically, the power management system 108 can communicate with the charger 106 to determine whether the charger 106 is operating normally. Simultaneously, the power management system 108 can determine the battery status of multiple battery cells 1041 based on the real-time acquired status information, thereby filtering out battery cells 1041 with normal battery status.

[0215] After determining that the charger 106 is operating normally, the power management system 108 selects one or more battery cells 1041 in normal condition from the power system 104 for simultaneous charging. In this way, the power management system 108 can ensure that the charging operation is safe and stable, thereby improving the overall stability and safety of the multi-functional vehicle.

[0216] In some alternative embodiments, the multi-functional vehicle further includes a vehicle controller 1010. The vehicle controller 1010 is used to control the working systems in the multi-functional vehicle, and the power management system 108 is also communicatively connected to the vehicle controller 1010, and can obtain and determine the working status of the working systems by communicating with the vehicle controller 1010.

[0217] The method for the power management system 108 to perform preprocessing determination operations includes:

[0218] The power management system 108 is communicatively connected to multiple battery cells to obtain the status information of multiple battery cells in real time;

[0219] Before controlling the charger 106 to start charging, the power management system 108 communicates with the charger 106 to determine whether the charger is working properly.

[0220] In response to the normal working state of the charger 106, the power management system 108 communicates with the vehicle controller 1010 to determine whether the working system is in a shutdown state.

[0221] In response to determining that the working system is in a shutdown state, the power management system 108 determines the battery status of the plurality of battery cells 1041 based on the status information acquired in real time;

[0222] The power management system 108 controls the charger 106 to simultaneously charge the battery cells 1041 that are in normal condition.

[0223] In this manner, when performing preprocessing judgment operations, the power management system 108 also takes into account the working status of the working system in the multi-functional vehicle. Charging only begins when the working system, which serves as the load, is determined to be in a shutdown state. This can further improve the overall stability and safety of the multi-functional vehicle and eliminate the potential damage to multiple battery cells that may occur when the power system is charging and discharging simultaneously.

[0224] In some alternative embodiments, the method by which the power management system (BMS) performs a preprocessing determination operation before charging begins includes:

[0225] Step 1: After the charger is connected, the BMS interacts with the charger to confirm that the charger is in normal condition. The BMS then enters the charging standby state. Proceed to Step 2.

[0226] Step 2: After the BMS enters the charging standby state, it communicates with the vehicle control unit (VCU) to inform the VCU that the charger connection is normal and the vehicle has entered the charging standby state. Upon receiving this confirmation from the BMS, the VCU notifies the motor controller, which acts as a load in the multi-functional vehicle, to shut down. After shutting down, the motor controller returns to the VCU in a shutdown state. Based on the information returned by the controller, the VCU confirms that the vehicle is in a shutdown state and notifies the BMS via CAN communication that it is permitted to enter the charging state. Proceed to Step 3.

[0227] Step 3: After receiving permission from the VCU to enter the charging state, the BMS first sets the charging power to 0. The BMS communicates with each battery pack via the serial port to confirm whether the status of each battery pack is normal (voltage, communication, etc.). For battery packs that are confirmed to be normal (battery pack connected), the charging switch is turned on (the discharge switch remains off) to start charging.

[0228] For the same purpose, in another aspect, embodiments of this specification also provide a gardening vehicle.

[0229] Referring to Figures 1 to 4, the gardening vehicle includes: a frame 100, a working system 102 connected to the frame 100, a power system 104 for supplying power to the working system 102, a charger 106 for charging the power system 104, and a power management system (BMS) 108.

[0230] The frame 100 extends at least partially in a direction parallel to the front-rear direction, and a support assembly 1000 may be provided on the frame 100. The support assembly 1000 may include at least one of a seat or a standing platform; Figure 1 only shows an example of the support assembly including a seat. The seat or the standing platform is used for sitting or standing while working. That is, the gardening vehicle can provide a riding-style working mode or a standing-style working mode. Furthermore, the structure of the seat and the standing platform can be flexibly switched, that is, the working mode of the gardening vehicle can be flexibly switched between a riding-style working mode and a standing-style working mode according to the actual needs of the user. A handheld operating component may also be provided on the frame 100, and based on the handheld operating component, the gardening vehicle can also provide a push-style working mode.

[0231] The working system 102 includes a power output component 1020 and a walking drive component 1022. The power output component 1020 includes an output element for outputting power to achieve a specific function. In some optional embodiments, the power output component 1020 is a mowing element for performing a lawn mowing function. The power output component 1020 is also connected to the frame 100. The power output component 1020 also includes a first drive motor for driving the mowing element to rotate at high speed, and a control module corresponding to the first drive motor.

[0232] The power output component 1020 may include one or more mowing elements. Correspondingly, the number of the first drive motors may correspond to the number of mowing elements. For example, in some embodiments, the mowing element has three blades, and the number of the first drive motors is also set to three. In some specific embodiments, the control module corresponding to the first drive motor includes a control chip, such as an MCU or ARM.

[0233] In some alternative embodiments, the power output assembly 1020 is a cleaning element for providing power to clean the device. The power output assembly 1020 also includes a first drive motor for driving the cleaning element, and a control module corresponding to the first drive motor.

[0234] It is understood that in some alternative embodiments, the power output component 1020 can be replaced with other functional components, such as snow sweeping, snow blowing, snow shoveling, and flushing components. Those skilled in the art should be able to adapt various functional components without creative effort, and all of the above should be included in the protection scope of this embodiment.

[0235] The driving assembly 1022 is used to enable the gardening vehicle to travel within garden settings such as lawns, gardens, and fences. The driving assembly 1022 includes at least driving wheel elements and second drive motors for driving the driving wheel elements. Multiple driving wheel elements may be provided, and the number of second drive motors corresponds to the number of driving wheel elements. In some optional embodiments, the driving assembly 1022 includes a first driving wheel, a second driving wheel, and two corresponding second drive motors. When the two second drive motors drive the corresponding driving wheel to rotate at different power levels, a speed difference is generated between the first and second driving wheels, thereby enabling the gardening vehicle to steer. In some embodiments, the driving assembly 1022 further includes a driving controller for controlling the second drive motors.

[0236] The working system 102 serves as the load in the gardening vehicle, and the power system 104 supplies power to the load. Specifically, the power system 104 supplies power to at least the first drive motor in the power output assembly 1020 and the second drive motor in the travel drive assembly 1022. The power system 104 can also supply power to other electronic components in the gardening vehicle, such as the control module corresponding to the first drive motor in the power output assembly 1020 and the travel controller corresponding to the second drive motor in the travel drive assembly 1022.

[0237] The power system 104 is mounted on the vehicle frame 100 and is detachably connected to the vehicle frame 100. The power system 104 includes multiple detachable battery units 1041, which can be easily removed and installed without tools. Those skilled in the art will understand that the multiple battery units 1041 can also be fixedly packaged in the power system 104.

[0238] The plurality of battery cells 1041 may be selected from at least one of a first-specification battery pack and a second-specification battery pack. The differences in specifications between the first-specification battery pack and the second-specification battery pack include, but are not limited to, differences in battery pack capacity, voltage, battery internal resistance, weight, size, energy density, cell type, charge information, and battery health status information.

[0239] In some alternative embodiments, the difference between the first-specification battery pack and the second-specification battery pack lies in their battery pack capacities. The capacity of the first-specification battery pack is greater than that of the second-specification battery pack.

[0240] The first-specification battery pack can be used to power large electrical equipment, such as large electric chainsaws, large electric angle grinders, push lawnmowers, smart lawnmowers, push snow sweepers, self-propelled snow sweepers, high-power electric hammers, high-power electric picks, high-power circular saws, high-power concrete cutters, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, high-power air compressors, and high-power cleaning machines. The first-specification battery pack can also be used as an energy storage device to power other electrical equipment or to charge other battery packs.

[0241] The second-specification battery pack is configured to power handheld electric garden tools. For example, the second-specification battery pack can power garden tools such as lawn mowers, pruning machines, hair dryers, and chainsaws. In addition, the second-specification battery pack can also power torque-output tools such as electric drills and hammer drills; sawing tools such as circular saws, jigsaws, and reciprocating saws; or grinding tools such as angle grinders and sanders.

[0242] In some alternative embodiments, the difference between the first-specification battery pack and the second-specification battery pack lies in the type of battery cells used. For example, the first-specification battery pack and the second-specification battery pack can respectively use lithium iron phosphate cells and ternary lithium cells. The plurality of battery units 1041 in the power system 104 can also be nickel-cadmium battery cells, lead-acid battery cells, graphene cells, etc.

[0243] The power supply assembly uses at least one of the first-specification battery pack and the second-specification battery pack. This allows the gardening vehicle to be compatible with different specifications of battery packs, meeting the high-power work requirements while also being compatible with handheld electric gardening tools, making the work of gardening workers more flexible.

[0244] Referring to Figure 3, a charging function block diagram of a garden work vehicle provided in an embodiment of this specification is shown. In the garden work vehicle, the charger 106 is connected to an external charging power source and can adjust the power from the external charging power source to be compatible with the power supply system 104, thereby facilitating the charging of the multiple battery cells 1041 in the power supply system 104. For example, the charger 106 can convert the high-voltage AC power from the external charging power source into low-voltage DC power suitable for charging.

[0245] In some alternative embodiments, the charger 106 can be a vehicle-mounted charger, meaning the charger 106 is installed in the gardening vehicle. The charger 106 is electrically coupled to the power system 104 via a charging circuit 1060, transmitting power to the plurality of battery cells 1041 in the power system 104.

[0246] Furthermore, the charger 106 is communicatively connected to the power management system 108 in the garden operation vehicle. The power management system (BMS) 108 can adjust and control the working status and output power of the charger 106.

[0247] The power management system 108 uses the same control method as in the above embodiment when adaptively adjusting the working state and output power of the charger 106.

[0248] The power management system 108 is communicatively connected to the power system 104 and can acquire the status information of multiple battery cells 1041 in the power system 104 in real time, thereby determining the corresponding charging current of the multiple battery cells 1041. The power management system 108 controls the charger 106 to charge the multiple battery cells 1041 simultaneously through the charging circuit 1060. During the charging process, the power management system 108 can adaptively adjust and control the total charging power output of the charger 106 for the power system 104 based on the changes in the corresponding charging current of the multiple battery cells 1041 or based on the changes in the corresponding charging current and the charging current of the multiple battery cells 1041.

[0249] As shown in Figure 4, in some alternative embodiments, the charger 106 can be an external charger located outside the gardening vehicle. The gardening vehicle is provided with a charging interface 200, and the charger 106 is connected to the charging circuit 1060 in the gardening vehicle through the charging interface 200, and is electrically coupled to the power system 104 through the charging circuit 1060, thereby transmitting power to the multiple battery cells 1041 in the power system 104.

[0250] Furthermore, the charger 106 can be communicatively connected to the power management system 108 in the garden operation vehicle via the charging interface 200. The power management system 108 can adjust and control the working status and output power of the charger 106. Referring to Figure 5, a charging function block diagram is shown when an external charger is used.

[0251] Charging current and charging voltage are the two most important characteristic parameters of battery cell 1041 during the charging process, which can characterize the charging state of battery cell 1041 during the charging process.

[0252] Specifically, the power management system 108 can control the charger 106 to increase or decrease the total charging power output in a timely manner, or control the charger 106 to maintain the total charging power at a specific value, based on the changes in the charging current corresponding to the multiple battery cells 1041, so that the charging current corresponding to the multiple battery cells 1041 is maintained at a higher current level as much as possible, thereby ensuring that the multiple battery cells 1041 in the power system 104 always maintain a high charging efficiency.

[0253] Alternatively, the power management system 108 can control the charger 106 to increase or decrease the total output charging power in a timely manner, or control the charger 106 to maintain the total charging power at a constant value, based on the changes in the charging current and / or charging voltage corresponding to the plurality of battery cells 1041, so that the corresponding charging current and / or charging voltage of the plurality of battery cells 1041 are maintained at a higher current level and / or a higher voltage level, thereby ensuring that the plurality of battery cells 1041 in the power system 104 always maintain a high charging efficiency.

[0254] The above-mentioned adaptive adjustment and control method for total charging power can meet the simultaneous charging of multiple battery packs and avoid the impact of differences in the state of charge of different battery packs, thereby effectively improving the overall charging efficiency.

[0255] In some optional embodiments, the power management system 108 communicates with the charger 106 via RS485 communication to set charging power and charging start / stop settings. The power management system 108 also communicates with multiple battery cells 1041 in the power system 104 via serial communication to obtain the status of each battery cell. Furthermore, the power management system 108 communicates with the vehicle controller 1010 in the gardening vehicle via CAN communication to confirm shutdown before charging.

[0256] In the garden operation vehicle, the power management system 108 controls the charger 106 to charge multiple battery units 1041 connected in parallel simultaneously. During the charging process, the power management system 108 adaptively adjusts the total charging power output by the charger 106 based on the changes in the charging current corresponding to the multiple battery units 1041 or based on the changes in the charging current and charging voltage corresponding to the multiple battery units 1041. This method of charging multiple battery units 1041 simultaneously can also avoid the influence caused by the difference in the state of charge of different battery packs, ensuring that the multiple battery units 1041 always have high charging efficiency, and can effectively improve the overall charging efficiency.

[0257] For the same purpose, in another aspect, embodiments of this specification also provide a rideable lawnmower.

[0258] Referring to Figures 1 to 4, the ride-on lawnmower includes: a frame 100, a working system 102 connected to the frame 100, a power system 104 for supplying power to the working system 102, a charger 106 for charging the power system 104, and a power management system (BMS) 108.

[0259] The frame 100 extends at least partially in a direction parallel to the front-rear direction, and a support assembly 1000 may be provided on the frame 100. The support assembly 1000 may include at least one of a seat or a standing platform; Figure 1 only shows an example of the support assembly including a seat. The seat or the standing platform is used for sitting or standing while working. That is, the electric riding lawnmower can provide a riding mode or a standing mode. Furthermore, the structure of the seat and the standing platform can be flexibly switched, that is, the working mode of the electric riding lawnmower can be flexibly switched between riding mode and standing mode according to the actual needs of the user. A handheld operating component may also be provided on the frame 100, and based on the handheld operating component, the electric riding lawnmower can also provide a push mode.

[0260] The working system 102 includes a power output component 1020 and a walking drive component 1022. The power output component 1020 includes an output element for outputting power to achieve a specific function. In some optional embodiments, the power output component 1020 is a mowing element for performing a lawn mowing function. The power output component 1020 is also connected to the frame 100. The power output component 1020 also includes a first drive motor for driving the mowing element to rotate at high speed, and a control module corresponding to the first drive motor.

[0261] The power output component 1020 may include one or more mowing elements. Correspondingly, the number of the first drive motors may correspond to the number of mowing elements. For example, in some embodiments, the mowing element has three blades, and the number of the first drive motors is also set to three. In some specific embodiments, the control module corresponding to the first drive motor includes a control chip, such as an MCU or ARM.

[0262] In some alternative embodiments, the power output assembly 1020 is a cleaning element for providing power to clean the device. The power output assembly 1020 also includes a first drive motor for driving the cleaning element, and a control module corresponding to the first drive motor.

[0263] It is understood that in some alternative embodiments, the power output component 1020 can be replaced with other functional components, such as snow sweeping, snow blowing, snow shoveling, and flushing components. Those skilled in the art should be able to adapt various functional components without creative effort, and all of the above should be included in the protection scope of this embodiment.

[0264] The walking drive assembly 1022 is used to enable the electric ride-on lawnmower to travel within landscaping settings such as lawns, gardens, and fences. The walking drive assembly 1022 includes at least walking wheel elements and second drive motors for driving the walking wheel elements. Multiple walking wheel elements may be provided, and the number of second drive motors corresponds to the number of walking wheel elements. In some optional embodiments, the walking drive assembly 1022 includes a first walking wheel, a second walking wheel, and two corresponding second drive motors. When the two second drive motors drive the corresponding walking wheels to rotate at different power levels, a speed difference is generated between the first and second walking wheels, thereby enabling the electric ride-on lawnmower to steer. In some embodiments, the walking drive assembly 1022 further includes a driving controller for controlling the second drive motors.

[0265] The working system 102 serves as the load in the electric ride-on lawnmower, and the power system 104 supplies power to the load. Specifically, the power system 104 supplies power to at least the first drive motor in the power output assembly 1020 and the second drive motor in the travel drive assembly 1022. The power system 104 can also supply power to other electronic components in the electric ride-on lawnmower, such as the control module corresponding to the first drive motor in the power output assembly 1020 and the travel controller corresponding to the second drive motor in the travel drive assembly 1022.

[0266] The power system 104 is mounted on the vehicle frame 100 and is detachably connected to the vehicle frame 100. The power system 104 includes multiple detachable battery units 1041, which can be easily removed and installed without tools. Those skilled in the art will understand that the multiple battery units 1041 can also be fixedly packaged in the power system 104.

[0267] The plurality of battery cells 1041 may be selected from at least one of a first-specification battery pack and a second-specification battery pack. The differences in specifications between the first-specification battery pack and the second-specification battery pack include, but are not limited to, differences in battery pack capacity, voltage, battery internal resistance, weight, size, energy density, cell type, charge information, and battery health status information.

[0268] In some alternative embodiments, the difference between the first-specification battery pack and the second-specification battery pack lies in their battery pack capacities. The capacity of the first-specification battery pack is greater than that of the second-specification battery pack.

[0269] The first-specification battery pack can be used to power large electrical equipment, such as large electric chainsaws, large electric angle grinders, push lawnmowers, smart lawnmowers, push snow sweepers, self-propelled snow sweepers, high-power electric hammers, high-power electric picks, high-power circular saws, high-power concrete cutters, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, high-power air compressors, and high-power cleaning machines. The first-specification battery pack can also be used as an energy storage device to power other electrical equipment or to charge other battery packs.

[0270] The second-specification battery pack is configured to power handheld electric garden tools. For example, the second-specification battery pack can power garden tools such as lawn mowers, pruning machines, hair dryers, and chainsaws. In addition, the second-specification battery pack can also power torque-output tools such as electric drills and hammer drills; sawing tools such as circular saws, jigsaws, and reciprocating saws; or grinding tools such as angle grinders and sanders.

[0271] In some alternative embodiments, the difference between the first-specification battery pack and the second-specification battery pack lies in the type of battery cells used. For example, the first-specification battery pack and the second-specification battery pack can respectively use lithium iron phosphate cells and ternary lithium cells. The plurality of battery units 1041 in the power system 104 can also be nickel-cadmium battery cells, lead-acid battery cells, graphene cells, etc.

[0272] The power supply assembly uses at least one of the first-specification battery pack and the second-specification battery pack. This allows the electric ride-on lawnmower to be compatible with different specifications of battery packs, meeting the needs of high-power operation while also being compatible with handheld electric garden tools, making the work of gardeners more flexible.

[0273] Referring to Figure 3, this is a block diagram of the charging function in a ride-on lawnmower provided in an embodiment of this specification. In the ride-on lawnmower, the charger 106 is connected to an external charging power source and can adjust the power from the external charging power source to be compatible with the power supply system 104, thereby facilitating the charging of the multiple battery cells 1041 in the power supply system 104. For example, the charger 106 can convert the high-voltage AC power from the external charging power source into low-voltage DC power suitable for charging.

[0274] In some alternative embodiments, the charger 106 may be a vehicle-mounted charger, meaning the charger 106 is installed in the ride-on lawnmower. The charger 106 is electrically coupled to the power system 104 via a charging circuit 1060, transmitting power to the plurality of battery cells 1041 in the power system 104.

[0275] Furthermore, the charger 106 is communicatively connected to the power management system 108 in the ride-on lawnmower, and the power management system (BMS) 108 can adjust and control the working status and output power of the charger 106.

[0276] The power management system 108 uses the same control method as in the above embodiment when adaptively adjusting the working state and output power of the charger 106.

[0277] The power management system 108 is communicatively connected to the power system 104 and can acquire the status information of multiple battery cells 1041 in the power system 104 in real time, thereby determining the corresponding charging current of the multiple battery cells 1041. The power management system 108 controls the charger 106 to charge the multiple battery cells 1041 simultaneously through the charging circuit 1060. During the charging process, the power management system 108 can adaptively adjust and control the total charging power output of the charger 106 for the power system 104 based on the changes in the corresponding charging current of the multiple battery cells 1041 or based on the changes in the corresponding charging current and the charging current of the multiple battery cells 1041.

[0278] As shown in Figure 4, in some alternative embodiments, the charger 106 can be an external charger located outside the ride-on lawnmower. The ride-on lawnmower is provided with a charging interface 200, and the charger 106 is connected to the charging circuit 1060 in the ride-on lawnmower through the charging interface 200, and is electrically coupled to the power system 104 through the charging circuit 1060, thereby transmitting power to the multiple battery cells 1041 in the power system 104.

[0279] Furthermore, the charger 106 can be communicatively connected to the power management system 108 in the ride-on lawnmower via the charging interface 200. The power management system 108 can adjust and control the operating status and output power of the charger 106. Referring to Figure 5, a charging function block diagram is shown when an external charger is used.

[0280] Charging current and charging voltage are the two most important characteristic parameters of battery cell 1041 during the charging process, which can characterize the charging state of battery cell 1041 during the charging process.

[0281] Specifically, the power management system 108 can control the charger 106 to increase or decrease the total charging power output in a timely manner, or control the charger 106 to maintain the total charging power at a specific value, based on the changes in the charging current corresponding to the multiple battery cells 1041, so that the charging current corresponding to the multiple battery cells 1041 is maintained at a higher current level as much as possible, thereby ensuring that the multiple battery cells 1041 in the power system 104 always maintain a high charging efficiency.

[0282] Alternatively, the power management system 108 can control the charger 106 to increase or decrease the total output charging power in a timely manner, or control the charger 106 to maintain the total charging power at a constant value, based on the changes in the charging current and / or charging voltage corresponding to the plurality of battery cells 1041, so that the corresponding charging current and / or charging voltage of the plurality of battery cells 1041 are maintained at a higher current level and / or a higher voltage level, thereby ensuring that the plurality of battery cells 1041 in the power system 104 always maintain a high charging efficiency.

[0283] The aforementioned adaptive adjustment and control method for total charging power can accommodate simultaneous charging of multiple battery packs and avoid the impact of differences in the state of charge of different battery packs, thereby effectively improving overall charging efficiency. In some optional embodiments, the power management system 108 communicates with the charger 106 via RS485 communication to set charging power and charging start / stop settings. The power management system 108 establishes communication with multiple battery units 1041 in the power system 104 via serial communication to obtain the status of each battery unit. The power management system 108 communicates with the vehicle controller 1010 in the multi-functional vehicle via CAN communication to confirm shutdown before charging.

[0284] In the ride-on lawnmower, the power management system 108 controls the charger 106 to charge multiple battery units 1041 connected in parallel simultaneously. During the charging process, the power management system 108 can adaptively adjust the total charging power output of the charger 106 according to the changes in the charging current of the multiple battery units 1041 or the changes in the charging current and charging voltage of the multiple battery units 1041. This method of charging multiple battery units 1041 simultaneously can also avoid the influence caused by the difference in the state of charge of different battery packs, ensuring that the multiple battery units 1041 always have high charging efficiency, and effectively improving the overall charging efficiency.

[0285] For the same purpose, embodiments of this specification also provide a charging system.

[0286] As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the charging system includes a multi-functional vehicle, a gardening vehicle, or a ride-on lawnmower, and an external charger 106.

[0287] The following description uses the charging system, which includes the multi-functional vehicle, as an example.

[0288] The multi-functional vehicle includes:

[0289] The frame 100 extends at least partially in a direction parallel to the front and rear.

[0290] The working system 102 is attached to the frame 100 and configured to perform specific functional operations in a controlled manner;

[0291] The power system 104 is used to supply power to the working system 102, and includes a plurality of removable battery units 1041. The plurality of battery units are selected from at least one of a first specification battery pack and a second specification battery pack, wherein the capacity of the first specification battery pack is greater than that of the second specification battery pack.

[0292] The charging interface 200 is configured to connect to the charger 106 located outside the multi-functional vehicle;

[0293] One end of the charger 106 is connected to an external charging power source, and the other end is connected to the charging circuit 1060 of the multi-functional vehicle through the charging interface 200, and is electrically coupled to the power system 104 through the charging circuit 1060.

[0294] The charger 106 also includes a charging controller 300, which is configured to control the charger 106 to charge multiple battery cells 1041 in the power system 104 simultaneously, and to adaptively adjust and control the total charging power according to the charging current of the multiple battery cells 1041.

[0295] The charger 106 is connected to an external charging power source and can adjust the power from the external charging power source to be compatible with the power system 104, thereby facilitating the charging of the multiple battery cells 1041 in the power system 104. For example, the charger 106 can convert high-voltage AC power from the external charging power source into low-voltage DC power suitable for charging.

[0296] Figure 10 shows a charging function block diagram of a charging system provided in an embodiment of this specification. The charging controller 300 is configured to adjust and control the operating state and output power of the charger 106. Specifically, the charging controller 300 in the charger 106 is communicatively connected to the power system 104 in the multi-functional vehicle through the charging interface 200, and can obtain the status information of multiple battery cells 1041 in the power system 104 in real time, thereby determining the corresponding charging current of the multiple battery cells 1041. The charging controller 300 controls the charger 106 to charge the multiple battery cells 1041 simultaneously through the charging circuit 1060. During the charging process, the charging controller 300 can adaptively adjust and control the total charging power output by the charger 106 for the power system 104 based on the changes in the corresponding charging current of the multiple battery cells 1041 or based on the changes in the corresponding charging current and the charging voltage of the multiple battery cells 1041.

[0297] The charging controller 300 uses the same control method as in the above embodiment when adaptively adjusting the working state and output power of the charger 106.

[0298] In some optional embodiments, the charging circuit 1060 includes multiple charging branches arranged in parallel, each of which is respectively connected to one of the multiple battery cells in the power system 104. During charging, the charging controller 30 can control all of the multiple charging branches to be turned on, thereby enabling the charger 106 to charge the multiple battery cells simultaneously.

[0299] In some optional embodiments, each of the multiple charging branches is provided with a switching component. The charging controller 300 can communicate with the multiple switching components through the charging interface 200 to control the connection state of the multiple switching components. During charging, the charging controller 300 can control all the multiple switching components to be connected, so that the charger 106 can charge multiple battery cells simultaneously through multiple conductive charging branches. The switching components can be physical mechanical switches or electronic switches, such as MOSFETs, Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), or relays.

[0300] Referring to Figure 10, in a charging system provided by one or more optional embodiments of this specification, the charging controller 300 is communicatively connected to a plurality of battery cells 1041 in the power system 104, and is able to obtain the status information of the plurality of battery cells 1041 in real time. The status information includes, but is not limited to, parameter information, health status information, charging and discharging current information, and charging and discharging voltage information of the battery cells.

[0301] Before controlling the charger 106 to start charging, the charging controller 300 also performs a preprocessing judgment operation to determine whether the charging operation can be carried out safely and stably. Specifically, the charging controller 300 can pre-determine whether the working state of the charger 106 is normal. At the same time, the charging controller 300 can determine the battery status of multiple battery cells 1041 based on the real-time acquired status information, thereby filtering out the battery cells 1041 with normal battery status.

[0302] After determining that the charger 106 is operating normally, the charging controller 300 selects one or more battery cells 1041 in normal condition from the power system 104 for simultaneous charging. In this way, the charging controller 300 can ensure that the charging operation is safe and stable, thereby improving the overall stability and safety of the multi-functional vehicle.

[0303] Referring to Figure 10, in some optional embodiments, the multi-functional vehicle further includes a vehicle controller 1010. The vehicle controller 1010 is used to control the working system in the multi-functional vehicle, and the charging controller 300 is also communicatively connected to the vehicle controller 1010. By communicating with the vehicle controller 1010, the operating status of the working system can be obtained and determined.

[0304] The method by which the charging controller 300 performs a preprocessing determination operation includes:

[0305] The charging controller 300 is communicatively connected to multiple battery cells to obtain the status information of multiple battery cells in real time;

[0306] Before controlling the charger 106 to start charging, the charging controller 300 determines whether the charger is operating normally;

[0307] In response to the normal working state of the charger 106, the charging controller 300 communicates with the vehicle controller 1010 to determine whether the working system 102 is in a shutdown state.

[0308] In response to determining that the working system 102 is in a shutdown state, the charging controller 300 determines the battery status of the plurality of battery cells 1041 based on the status information acquired in real time;

[0309] The charging controller 300 controls the charger 106 to charge the battery cells 1041 that are in normal condition simultaneously.

[0310] In this manner, when performing the preprocessing judgment operation, the charging controller 300 also takes into account the working status of the working system in the multi-functional vehicle. Charging only begins when the working system, which serves as the load, is determined to be in a stopped state. This can further improve the overall stability and safety of the multi-functional vehicle and eliminate the potential damage to multiple battery cells that may occur when the power system is charging and discharging simultaneously.

[0311] It should be noted that the methods of one or more embodiments of this specification can be executed by a single device, such as a computer or server. The methods of this embodiment can also be applied in a distributed scenario, where multiple devices cooperate to complete the task. In such a distributed scenario, one of these devices may execute only one or more steps of the methods of one or more embodiments of this specification, and the multiple devices will interact with each other to complete the method described.

[0312] It should be noted that the above description describes specific embodiments of this specification. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the claims may be performed in a different order than that shown in the embodiments and still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific or sequential order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0313] For ease of description, the above apparatus is described in terms of function, divided into various modules. Of course, when implementing one or more embodiments of this specification, the functions of each module can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware.

[0314] The apparatus described above is used to implement the corresponding methods in the foregoing embodiments and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0315] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, hard disk drive (HDD), or solid-state drive (SSD), etc.; the storage medium can also include combinations of the above types of memory.

[0316] The systems, devices, modules, or units described in the above embodiments can be implemented by computer chips or physical entities, or by products with certain functions. For ease of description, the above devices are described separately by function as various units. Of course, in implementing this application, the functions of each unit can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware.

[0317] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this specification can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this specification may take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this specification may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0318] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0319] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments.

[0320] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of this disclosure (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the framework of this disclosure, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of one or more embodiments of this specification as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

[0321] Additionally, to simplify the description and discussion, and to avoid obscuring one or more embodiments of this specification, well-known power / ground connections to integrated circuit (IC) chips and other components may or may not be shown in the provided drawings. Furthermore, the apparatus may be illustrated in block diagram form to avoid obscuring one or more embodiments of this specification, and this also takes into account the fact that the details of implementation of these block diagram apparatuses are highly dependent on the platform on which one or more embodiments of this specification will be implemented (i.e., these details should be fully understood by those skilled in the art). While specific details (e.g., circuits) have been set forth to describe exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that one or more embodiments of this specification may be implemented without these specific details or with variations thereof. Therefore, these descriptions should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0322] As used herein, the term "circuit" can include hardware configured to perform the functions described herein. In some embodiments, each corresponding "circuit" can include a machine-readable medium for configuring hardware to perform the functions described herein. A circuit can be embodied as one or more circuit components, including but not limited to processing circuitry, network interfaces, peripheral devices, input devices, output devices, sensors, etc. In some embodiments, a circuit can take one or more forms. Further analog circuits, electronic circuits (e.g., integrated circuits (ICs), discrete circuits, system-on-a-chip (SoC) circuits, etc.), telecommunications circuits, hybrid circuits, and any other type of "circuit" are also included. In this respect, "circuit" can include any type of component used to implement or facilitate the implementation of the operations described herein. For example, a circuit described herein can include one or more transistors, logic gates (e.g., NAND, AND, NOR, OR, XOR, NOT, XNOR, etc.), resistors, multiplexers, registers, capacitors, inductors, diodes, wiring, etc.

[0323] The “circuit” may also include one or more processors communicatively coupled to one or more memories or memory devices. In this respect, the one or more processors may execute instructions stored in memory or instructions accessible to the one or more processors. In some embodiments, the one or more processors may be implemented in various ways. The one or more processors may be constructed in a manner sufficient to perform at least the operations described herein. In some embodiments, the one or more processors may be shared by multiple circuits (e.g., circuit A and circuit B may include or otherwise share the same processor, which, in some exemplary embodiments, may execute instructions stored or otherwise accessed via different regions of memory). Alternatively or additionally, the one or more processors may be configured to perform or otherwise perform certain operations independently of one or more coprocessors. In other example embodiments, two or more processors may be coupled via a bus to enable independent, parallel, pipelined, or multithreaded instruction execution. Each processor may be implemented as one or more general-purpose processors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), or other suitable electronic data processing components configured to perform operations from memory. The one or more processors may take the form of a single-core processor, a multi-core processor (e.g., a dual-core processor, a triple-core processor, a quad-core processor, etc.), a microprocessor, etc. In some embodiments, one or more processors may be external to the device; for example, one or more processors may be remote processors (e.g., cloud-based processors). Alternatively or additionally, one or more processors may be internal to the device and / or local. In this respect, a given circuit or its components may be located locally (e.g., as part of a local server, local computing system, etc.) or remotely (e.g., as part of a remote server, such as a cloud-based server). For this purpose, a “circuit” as described herein may include components distributed in one or more locations.

[0324] Although this disclosure has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many substitutions, modifications, and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. One or more embodiments of this specification are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations falling within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of this specification should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A multi-function vehicle characterized by, The application relates to a vehicle, comprising: a vehicle frame; a working system attached to the vehicle frame and configured to perform specific functional operations under control; a power supply system for supplying power to the working system, comprising a plurality of detachable battery units, the plurality of battery units being selected from at least one of a first specification battery pack and a second specification battery pack, the first specification battery pack having a larger capacity than the second specification battery pack; a charger configured to be connected to an external charging power source and electrically coupled to the power supply system through a charging circuit; a power management system in communication with the charger and configured to control the charger to simultaneously charge the plurality of battery units and to adaptively adjust a total charging power according to charging currents of the plurality of battery units or to adaptively adjust the total charging power according to the charging currents and charging voltages of the plurality of battery units.

2. The utility vehicle of claim 1, characterized in that, The charging circuit comprises a plurality of charging branches connected in parallel, and the plurality of charging branches are connected to the plurality of battery units in the power supply system.

3. The utility vehicle of claim 2, characterized in that, The charging branches are provided with switch assemblies, and the power management system is in communication with the plurality of switch assemblies in the plurality of charging branches to control the communication states of the plurality of switch assemblies. During charging, the power management system is configured to control the plurality of switch assemblies in the plurality of charging branches to be in communication, so that the charger simultaneously charges the plurality of battery units through the plurality of charging branches.

4. The utility vehicle of claim 1, characterized in that, The power management system is configured to adaptively adjust the total charging power according to the charging currents of the plurality of battery units, comprising: The power management system is configured to control the charger to adaptively switch the charging state of the power supply system between a first charging state, a second charging state and a third charging state according to the change of the charging currents of the plurality of battery units. When the charging state is in the first charging state, the power management system controls the total charging power to gradually increase. When the charging state is in the second charging state, the power management system controls the total charging power to gradually decrease. When the charging state is in the third charging state, the power management system controls the total charging power to maintain at least one constant value.

5. The utility vehicle of claim 4, characterized in that, The change rate of the total charging power in the first charging state is lower than that in the second charging state.

6. The utility vehicle of claim 4, characterized in that, The power management system is configured to control the charger to adaptively switch the charging state of the power supply system between a first charging state, a second charging state and a third charging state according to the change of the charging currents of the plurality of battery units, comprising: In response to the charging currents of the plurality of battery units being less than the corresponding rated charging currents, the power management system controls the charging state to be in the first charging state. In response to the charging current of any battery unit being greater than the corresponding preset upper current threshold, the power management system controls the charging state to be in the second charging state. in response to the charging state being in the first charging state and the charging current of any of the battery units being greater than the corresponding rated charging current, the power management system controls the charging state to switch from the first charging state to the third charging state; in response to the charging state being in the second charging state and the charging current of each of the battery units being less than the corresponding rated charging current, the power management system controls the charging state to switch from the second charging state to the third charging state; in response to the charging state being in the third charging state and the charging current of each of the battery units being less than the corresponding preset lower current threshold, the power management system controls the charging state to switch from the third charging state to the first charging state; wherein the corresponding preset upper current threshold of the battery unit is greater than the rated charging current of the battery unit, and the preset lower current threshold of the battery unit is less than the rated charging current of the battery unit.

7. The utility vehicle of claim 4, further characterized by, The power management system is configured to control the charger to adaptively switch the charging state of the power system among the first charging state, the second charging state and the third charging state according to the changes of the corresponding charging current of each of the battery units, including: in response to starting charging or newly accessing a battery unit in the power system, the power management system is configured to initialize the charging total power and control the charging state to be in the first charging state.

8. The utility vehicle of claim 4, further characterized by, The power management system is configured to control the charger to adaptively switch the charging state of the power system among the first charging state, the second charging state and the third charging state according to the changes of the corresponding charging current of each of the battery units, including: in response to removing a battery unit in the power system, the charging current of any of the remaining battery units being greater than the corresponding preset upper current threshold, the power management system controls the charging state to be in the second charging state; wherein the removal of the battery unit in the power system includes operationally dismounting and removing the battery unit, and cutting off the power transmission to the battery unit due to full charging or battery failure.

9. The utility vehicle of claim 4, further characterized by, When the charging state is in the third charging state, the power management system controls the charging total power to maintain at least one constant value, including: in response to the charging voltage of any of the battery units reaching the full charging voltage, the power management system updates the rated charging current of the battery unit, and adjusts the charging total power based on the updated rated charging current, and updates the charging total power to a new constant value and maintains it.

10. The utility vehicle of claim 9, characterized in that, The power management system updates the rated charging current of the battery unit, including: The power management system updates the rated charging current of the battery unit based on a decreasing rule, and updates the rated charging current of the battery unit each time the charging voltage of the battery unit reaches the full charging voltage, and the updated rated charging current is lower than the original rated charging current.

11. The utility vehicle of claim 9, characterized in that, The power management system adjusts the total charging power based on the updated rated charging current, and adjusts the total charging power to a new constant value, including: The power management system determines a charging power adjustment value according to the difference between the updated rated charging current and the original rated charging current of the battery unit, and the corresponding full charging voltage of the battery unit; The new constant value is determined according to the difference between the total charging power before the rated charging current is updated and the charging power adjustment value.

12. The utility vehicle of claim 9, characterized in that, After the power management system updates the setting of the battery unit, it controls the adaptive switching of the charging state based on the new rated charging current.

13. The utility vehicle of claim 9, further characterized by: In response to the rated charging current of any battery unit being updated to be less than or equal to the lower threshold of the corresponding charging current of the battery unit, and the charging voltage of the battery unit reaching the full charging voltage again, the power management system is further configured to determine that the battery unit is fully charged, and to control the power transmission of the charger to the battery unit to be cut off; Wherein, the lower threshold of the charging current is much smaller than the rated charging current of the corresponding battery unit.

14. The utility vehicle of claim 1, further comprising: The power management system is configured to control the adaptive adjustment of the total charging power according to the charging current and the charging voltage of a plurality of battery units, including: The power management system is configured to control the adaptive switching of the charging state of the power supply system by the charger between the first charging state, the second charging state, the third charging state and the fourth charging state according to the changes of the charging current and the charging voltage of a plurality of battery units; Wherein, when the charging state is in the first charging state, the power management system controls the total charging power to gradually increase; When the charging state is in the second charging state, the power management system controls the total charging power to gradually decrease; When the charging state is in the third charging state, the power management system controls the total charging power to maintain at least one constant value; When the charging state is in the fourth charging state, the power management system controls the charger to perform constant voltage charging on the battery unit whose charging voltage reaches the corresponding full charging voltage.

15. The utility vehicle of claim 14, characterized in that, The change rate of the total charging power in the first charging state is lower than that in the second charging state.

16. The utility vehicle of claim 14, characterized in that, The power management system is configured to control the adaptive switching of the charging state of the power supply system by the charger between the first charging state, the second charging state, the third charging state and the fourth charging state according to the changes of the charging current and the charging voltage of a plurality of battery units, including: In response to the charging current of a plurality of battery units being less than the corresponding rated charging current, the power management system controls the charging state to be in the first charging state; In response to the charging current of any battery unit being greater than the corresponding preset upper threshold of the current or the charging voltage being greater than the corresponding rated upper threshold of the voltage, the power management system controls the charging state to be in the second charging state; in response to the charging state being in the first charging state and the charging current of any of the battery units being greater than a corresponding rated charging current, the power management system controls the charging state to switch from the first charging state to a third charging state; in response to the charging state being in the third charging state and the charging current of each of the battery units being less than a corresponding preset lower current threshold, the power management system controls the charging state to switch from the third charging state to the first charging state; in response to the charging state being in the third charging state and the charging voltage of any of the battery units being greater than a corresponding full charging voltage, the power management system controls the charging state to switch from the third charging state to a fourth charging state; in response to the charging state being in the fourth charging state and the charging voltage of any of the battery units being greater than a corresponding rated voltage upper threshold, the power management system controls the charging state to switch from the fourth charging state to the second charging state; in response to the charging state being in the second charging state and the charging voltage of each of the battery units being less than a corresponding rated voltage lower threshold, the power management system controls the charging state to switch from the second charging state to the fourth charging state; wherein the corresponding preset upper current threshold of the battery unit is greater than the rated charging current of the battery unit, and the corresponding preset lower current threshold of the battery unit is less than the rated charging current of the battery unit; the corresponding rated voltage upper threshold of the battery unit is slightly greater than the full charging voltage, and the corresponding rated voltage lower threshold of the battery unit is slightly less than the full charging voltage.

17. The utility vehicle of claim 14, characterized in that, The power management system is configured to control the charger to adaptively switch the charging state of the power system among a first charging state, a second charging state, a third charging state, and a fourth charging state according to changes in the charging current and the charging voltage of each of the battery units, including: in response to starting charging or newly accessing a battery unit in the power system, the power management system is configured to initialize the total charging power and control the charging state to be in the first charging state.

18. The utility vehicle of claim 14, characterized in that, The power management system is configured to control the charger to adaptively switch the charging state of the power system among a first charging state, a second charging state, a third charging state, and a fourth charging state according to changes in the charging current and the charging voltage of each of the battery units, including: in response to removing a battery unit in the power system, the charging current of any of the remaining battery units being greater than a corresponding preset upper current threshold or the charging voltage of any of the remaining battery units being greater than a corresponding rated voltage upper threshold, the power management system controls the charging state to be in the second charging state; The removal of the battery unit from the power supply system includes the removal of the battery unit by operationally detaching the battery unit and the cutting off of the power transmission to the battery unit due to the full charge or failure of the battery unit.

19. The utility vehicle of claim 14, characterized in that, When the charging state is in the fourth charging state, the power management system controls the charger to perform constant voltage charging on the battery unit with the charging voltage reaching the corresponding full charging voltage, and further comprises: In the fourth charging state, the power management system is configured to control the charging voltage of the corresponding battery unit to be substantially maintained at the full charging voltage; In response to the charging current of any of the battery units being reduced to a lower limit threshold of the charging current, the power management system is configured to determine that the battery unit is fully charged and control the cutting off of the power transmission to the battery unit by the charger; 20. The lower limit threshold of the charging current is much smaller than the rated charging current of the corresponding battery unit. The multi-functional vehicle according to claim 1, characterized by The power management system is configured to be communicatively connected with the plurality of battery units to obtain state information of the plurality of battery units in real time; Before controlling the charger to charge, the power management system communicates with the charger to determine whether the working state of the charger is normal; In response to the working state of the charger being normal, the power management system determines the battery states of the plurality of battery units according to the state information obtained in real time; The power management system controls the charger to simultaneously charge the battery units with normal states.

21. The utility vehicle of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising a vehicle controller; The vehicle controller is configured to control the working state of the working system; The power management system is configured to be communicatively connected with the plurality of battery units to obtain state information of the plurality of battery units in real time; Before controlling the charger to charge, the power management system communicates with the charger to determine whether the working state of the charger is normal; In response to the working state of the charger being normal, the power management system communicates with the vehicle controller to determine whether the working system is in a shutdown state; In response to determining that the working system is in the shutdown state, the power management system determines the battery states of the plurality of battery units according to the state information obtained in real time; The power management system controls the charger to simultaneously charge the battery units with normal states.

22. A utility vehicle characterized by, It comprises: a vehicle frame; a working system attached to the vehicle frame and configured to perform a specific function operation under control; a power supply system for supplying power to the working system, comprising a plurality of detachable battery units, the plurality of battery units being selected from at least one of a first specification battery pack and a second specification battery pack, the capacity of the first specification battery pack being greater than that of the second specification battery pack; a charging interface configured to be connected with a charger arranged outside the multi-functional vehicle, the charger being connected with an external charging power source, the charging interface being connected to a charging circuit of the multi-functional vehicle and being electrically coupled to the power supply system via the charging circuit; A power management system in communication with the charger is configured to control the charger to simultaneously charge the plurality of battery units and to adaptively control the total charging power based on charging current of the plurality of battery units or based on charging current and charging voltage of the plurality of battery units.

23. A grounds-keeping vehicle characterized by, Comprising: a vehicle frame; a working system attached to the vehicle frame and configured to perform certain functional operations under control; a power system for powering the working system, including a plurality of detachable battery units, the plurality of battery units being selected from at least one of a first specification battery pack and a second specification battery pack, the first specification battery pack having a larger capacity than the second specification battery pack; a charger configured to connect to an external charging power source and electrically coupled to the power system through a charging circuit; a power management system in communication with the charger is configured to control the charger to simultaneously charge the plurality of battery units and to adaptively control the total charging power based on charging current of the plurality of battery units or based on charging current and charging voltage of the plurality of battery units.

24. A grounds-keeping vehicle characterized by, Comprising: a vehicle frame; a working system attached to the vehicle frame and configured to perform certain functional operations under control; a power system for powering the working system, including a plurality of detachable battery units, the plurality of battery units being selected from at least one of a first specification battery pack and a second specification battery pack, the first specification battery pack having a larger capacity than the second specification battery pack; a charging interface configured to connect to a charger disposed outside the garden work vehicle, the charger being connected to an external charging power source and being electrically coupled to the power system of the garden work vehicle through a charging circuit of the garden work vehicle; a power management system in communication with the charger is configured to control the charger to simultaneously charge the plurality of battery units and to adaptively control the total charging power based on charging current of the plurality of battery units or based on charging current and charging voltage of the plurality of battery units.

25. A riding lawn mower characterized by comprising: Comprising: a vehicle frame; a carrying mechanism disposed on the vehicle frame for carrying a user; a working system attached to the vehicle frame and configured to perform certain functional operations under control; a power system for powering the working system, including a plurality of detachable battery units, the plurality of battery units being selected from at least one of a first specification battery pack and a second specification battery pack, the first specification battery pack having a larger capacity than the second specification battery pack; a charger configured to connect to an external charging power source and electrically coupled to the power system through a charging circuit; a power management system in communication with the charger is configured to control the charger to simultaneously charge the plurality of battery units and to adaptively control the total charging power based on charging current of the plurality of battery units or based on charging current and charging voltage of the plurality of battery units.

26. A riding lawn mower characterized by comprising: Comprising: A frame; A carrying mechanism arranged on the frame for carrying a user; A working system attached to the frame and configured to perform a specific function operation under control; A power supply system for supplying power to the working system, including a plurality of detachable battery units, the plurality of battery units being selected from at least one of a first specification battery pack and a second specification battery pack, the first specification battery pack having a larger capacity than the second specification battery pack; A charging interface configured to be connected with a charger arranged outside the riding mower, the charger being connected with an external charging power source, the charging interface being connected to a charging circuit of the riding mower and being electrically coupled to the power supply system via the charging circuit; A power management system in communication with the charger and configured to control the charger to simultaneously charge the plurality of battery units and to adaptively adjust a total charging power according to charging currents of the plurality of battery units or to adaptively adjust the total charging power according to charging currents and charging voltages of the plurality of battery units.

27. A charging system, characterized by A multifunctional vehicle and a charger arranged outside the multifunctional vehicle; The multifunctional vehicle, comprising: A frame; A working system attached to the frame and configured to perform a specific function operation under control; A power supply system for supplying power to the working system, including a plurality of detachable battery units, the plurality of battery units being selected from at least one of a first specification battery pack and a second specification battery pack, the first specification battery pack having a larger capacity than the second specification battery pack; A charging interface configured to be connected with the charger; The charger being connected with an external charging power source at one end and being connected to a charging circuit of the multifunctional vehicle at the other end via the charging interface and being electrically coupled to the power supply system via the charging circuit; The charger further comprising a charging controller configured to control the charger to simultaneously charge the plurality of battery units in the power supply system and to adaptively adjust a total charging power according to charging currents of the plurality of battery units or to adaptively adjust the total charging power according to charging currents and charging voltages of the plurality of battery units.

Images