Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives a signal in a certain channel, the signal being generated by carrying out processing for multiplexing a plurality of pieces of data before or after a specific physical layer processing; and a control unit that acquires a portion of the plurality of pieces of data by applying inverse processing of the processing to the signal. The one aspect of the present disclosure makes it possible to carry out a suitable multiple access scheme.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In NR, devices such as terminals (user terminals, User Equipment (UE)) and base stations perform physical layer processing and transmit signals.

[0006] Meanwhile, in future wireless communication technologies, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control, management, etc. is being considered. For example, a multiple access method for multiple data / UEs using AI technologies is being considered.

[0007] However, there has been little progress in studying how to implement the above-mentioned multiple access schemes in the physical layer. Unless these are clearly defined, it may be difficult to implement suitable signal multiplexing, which may hinder improvements in resource utilization efficiency, communication throughput, communication quality, etc.

[0008] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can implement a suitable multiple access scheme.

[0009] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives a signal on a certain channel that is generated by performing processing for multiplexing multiple pieces of data before or after specific physical layer processing, and a control unit that applies an inverse process of the processing to the signal to obtain a portion of the multiple pieces of data.

[0010] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a suitable multiple access scheme can be implemented.

[0011] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a physical layer processing procedure for downlink transmission in the existing 3GPP NR standard. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of MDMA. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of eMDMA. FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing an example of the position of an eMDMA module in embodiment 1.1. FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing an example of an operation of an eMDMA module in embodiment 1.1 that corresponds to multiple data. FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing an example of an operation of an eMDMA module in embodiment 1.2 that corresponds to multiple data. FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams showing an example of an operation of an eMDMA module in embodiment 1.3 that corresponds to multiple data. FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing an example of the position of an eMDMA module in embodiment 1.4. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of an operation of an eMDMA module in embodiment 1.4 that corresponds to multiple data. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the position of an eMDMA module in a second embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of eMDMA processing in a third embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. Fig. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0012] (Physical Layer Signal Processing in the Existing 3GPP NR Standard) First, an overview of physical layer signal processing in the existing 3GPP NR standard will be given. In the following description of the signal processing order, a word enclosed in "()" indicates the content of the signal processing, the word before the preceding "=" indicates the input, and the word after the preceding "=>" indicates the output.

[0013] In this disclosure, bits, symbols, etc. may be interchangeably read as blocks of bits, symbols, etc. In this disclosure, streams, sequences, blocks, sets, signals, etc. may be interchangeably read as well.

[0014] 1 is a diagram showing an example of a physical layer processing procedure for downlink transmission in the existing 3GPP NR standard. As shown in FIG. 1, when transmitting user data on the downlink (DL), the transmitting side (e.g., base station) proceeds with the processing in the following order: Data = (Channel coding) => Channel coded bit sequence = (Interleaving) => Bit = (Scrambling) => Scrambled bit = (Modulation) => Complex value modulation symbol = (Layer mapping) => Complex value symbol per layer = (Precoding) => Complex value symbol per port = (Resource mapping) => Complex value per port and resource element = (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal generation) => Time-continuous signal per port.

[0015] The transmitting side transmits a time-continuous signal from each port. The receiving side sequentially performs the reverse processing of the corresponding processing on the transmitting side on the received signal to obtain the transmitted user data. Here, the processes of channel decoding, deinterleaving, descrambling, demodulation, layer demapping, detection, resource demapping, and OFDM signal reception may correspond to the reverse processing of channel coding, interleaving, scrambling, modulation, layer mapping, precoding, resource mapping, and OFDM signal generation, respectively.

[0016] Note that terms such as bits, symbols, etc. may be interchangeably read as blocks of bits, symbols, etc. In the present disclosure, terms such as bit stream, bit string, block of bits, etc. may be interchangeably read as well.

[0017] In the present disclosure, layer mapping may be interchangeably read as mapping from a codeword (CW) to a layer. Also, in the present disclosure, layer demapping may be interchangeably read as demapping from a layer to a CW.

[0018] In the present disclosure, precoding may be interchangeably read as antenna port mapping, and detection may be interchangeably read as antenna port demapping.

[0019] The data input to the channel coding is also called an input bit sequence. This data may correspond to a transport block transmitted from a higher layer (e.g., a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer). Before channel coding, the input bit sequence may be subjected to the addition of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits (also called parity bits) and code block segmentation.

[0020] Note that interleaving may be included in rate matching. Rate matching may include bit selection, rate matching, etc. In the present disclosure, interleaving (deinterleaving) may be interchangeably read as rate matching (de-rate matching). Code block concatenation may be applied to the interleaved bits.

[0021] A complex-valued modulation symbol is generated by the modulation mapper based on the bits contained in the block of bits. For example, for Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK), bit pairs b(2i) and b(2i+1) are mapped to complex-valued modulation symbols d(i) according to d(i) = 1 / √2 * {(1 - 2b(2i)) + j(1 - 2b(2i+1))}.

[0022] The complex-valued symbol may be output after one or more signal processing operations are performed on the complex-valued modulation symbol, or may correspond to the complex-valued modulation symbol. For example, in the case of a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCCH), the complex-valued modulation symbol is mapped to a physical resource as a complex-valued symbol.

[0023] In the present disclosure, a complex valued symbol may be interchangeably read as a complex valued symbol per port / layer, a complex valued symbol for a specific port / layer, etc. Also, in the present disclosure, a complex valued symbol, a complex valued modulation symbol, a complex value, etc. may be interchangeably read as a complex valued symbol.

[0024] For physical layer processing related to the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) shown in Figure 1, the UE assumes the following: - a block of bits in a codeword q to be transmitted on the physical channel is scrambled before modulation, resulting in scrambled bits; - for each codeword q, the block of scrambled bits is modulated using one of the modulation schemes, resulting in a block of complex-valued modulation symbols; - the complex-valued modulation symbols for each transmitted codeword are mapped to one or more layers; - the block of vectors of complex-valued symbols for each layer is mapped to the antenna port corresponding to each layer, resulting in a block of vectors of complex-valued symbols for each antenna port; - for each antenna port used for transmission of the physical channel, the block of complex-valued symbols is mapped in turn to resource elements in the virtual resource block assigned for transmission; - the virtual resource block is mapped to physical resource blocks according to a specified mapping scheme (non-interleaved or interleaved mapping).

[0025] The physical layer processing procedure for uplink (UL) transmission in the existing 3GPP NR standard is also substantially the same as that shown in Fig. 1. For example, with regard to Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission, what differs from Fig. 1 is that transform precoding may be performed before precoding.

[0026] For the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), for PUCCH formats that include modulation, the signal processing basically follows this order: Block of bits = (scrambling) => Scrambled bits = (modulation) => Complex-valued modulation symbols = [(block-wise spreading)] => Complex-valued symbols = (transform precoding) => Complex-valued symbols.

[0027] In the case of PUCCH format 1, the modulation process is the end, and complex-valued modulation symbols are mapped to physical resources. Furthermore, block-wise spreading is not applied to PUCCH format 3, but is applied to PUCCH format 4. Block-wise spreading may be interpreted as Frequency Domain Orthogonal Cover Code (FD-OCC).

[0028] For PDCCH / PBCH, signal processing basically proceeds in the following order: Block of bits = (scrambling) => Scrambled bits = (modulation) => Complex-valued modulation symbol.

[0029] (Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology to Wireless Communications) With regard to future wireless communications technologies, the use of AI technology such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0030] For example, it is being considered for UEs / Base Stations (BSs) to utilize AI technology to improve Channel State Information (CSI) feedback (e.g., reduced overhead, improved accuracy, prediction), improve beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, prediction in the time / space domain), and improve position measurement (e.g., improved position estimation / prediction).

[0031] Based on the input information, the AI ​​model may output at least one information such as an estimate, a prediction, a selected action, a classification, etc. The UE / BS may input channel state information, reference signal measurements, etc. to the AI ​​model and output highly accurate channel state information / measurements / beam selection / location, future channel state information / radio link quality, etc.

[0032] In the present disclosure, AI may be interpreted as an object (also called a subject, object, data, function, program, etc.) that has (performs) at least one of the following characteristics: - Estimation based on observed or collected information; - Selection based on observed or collected information; - Prediction based on observed or collected information.

[0033] In the present disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be used interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be used interchangeably.

[0034] In the present disclosure, an object may be, for example, an apparatus, device, etc., such as a UE or a BS. Also, in the present disclosure, an object may correspond to a program / model / entity that operates in the apparatus.

[0035] Additionally, in this disclosure, an AI model may refer to a data-driven algorithm that applies AI techniques to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.

[0036] In addition, in the present disclosure, terms such as AI / ML model, AI model, ML model, model, predictive analytics, predictive analysis model, tool, autoencoder, encoder, decoder, neural network model, AI algorithm, scheme, etc. may be interchangeable. In addition, in the present disclosure, the AI ​​model may be derived using at least one of regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machine, random forest, neural network, deep learning, etc.

[0037] AI model inference may refer to the process of using a trained AI model to produce a set of outputs from a set of inputs.

[0038] Also, a UE side model may refer to an AI model whose inference is performed entirely in the UE, and a network side model may refer to an AI model whose inference is performed entirely in the network (e.g., gNB).

[0039] Also, a one-sided model may refer to a UE-side model or a network-side model. A two-sided model may refer to a pair of AI models in which joint inference is performed. Here, joint inference may include AI inference in which the inference is performed jointly across the UE and the network, e.g., a first part of the inference may be performed first by the UE and the remaining part by the gNB (or vice versa).

[0040] Model activation may refer to activating an AI model for a particular function. Model deactivation may refer to disabling an AI model for a particular function. Model switching may refer to deactivating a currently active AI model for a particular function and activating a different AI model.

[0041] (Model Division Multiple Access (MDMA)) For future wireless communication technologies (e.g., 3GPP Rel. 19, 20, 21), effective signal multiplexing using AI technology is being considered. Transmission and reception of signals by multiple UEs / base stations using multiplexing based on AI technology may be referred to as Model Division Multiple Access (MDMA).

[0042] 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of MDMA. In FIG. 2, a transmitting side encodes two signals (signal 1 and signal 2) using model encoders (model 1 encoder and model 2 encoder), respectively, and transmits them in superposition. Superposition transmission may mean simultaneous transmission using the same or partially overlapping resources.

[0043] The receiving side decodes (may be called demultiplexing) the received signals using model decoders (model 1 decoder, model 2 decoder) corresponding to the model encoders, and obtains the original signals (signal 1, signal 2).

[0044] The model encoder may correspond to a module that extracts and outputs important features (which may be called hidden layer parameters, feature quantities, latent variables, etc.) from an input signal. The model decoder may apply the inverse process of the model encoder (for example, it may detect the important features from the input and reproduce the original signal). The model encoder / decoder may be realized by, for example, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based autoencoder, a deep learning-based model, or any other encoder / decoder.

[0045] Note that the model 1 encoder and the model 2 encoder may be the same encoder (e.g., the same model using different parameters) or different encoders, and the model 1 decoder and the model 2 decoder may be the same decoder (e.g., the same model using different parameters) or different decoders.

[0046] The present inventors are considering a scheme that extends MDMA (which may be called Enhanced MDMA (eMDMA)).

[0047] Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an example of eMDMA. Fig. 3 differs from Fig. 2 in that the transmitting side multiplies the output of each model encoder by the corresponding model code and transmits the result, and the receiving side uses the result of multiplying the received signal by the corresponding model code as the input to each model decoder.

[0048] The model code may correspond to a module for outputting a code using an AI model, and may also be referred to as a code model. This code may correspond to a code (scrambling code) that facilitates easier separation of signals from each UE / base station at the receiving end. In the present disclosure, the code may correspond to a random (generated) code, an orthogonal code, a pseudo-orthogonal code, a non-orthogonal code, a code learned by a network, or any other code.

[0049] Inputs to the model code may include values ​​(indexes) related to the generation of the code, the code (e.g., the underlying scrambling code), parameters for the model encoder / decoder / model code (e.g., information for pre-processing of the input, information for post-processing of the output, functionality labels, model ID, etc.), information about the communication situation (e.g., the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the signal from the transmitter to the receiver), etc.

[0050] The model code may correspond to a module for deriving and outputting a code without using an AI model. Alternatively, the code to be multiplied may be provided directly from outside without using the model code.

[0051] MDMA / eMDMA may be referred to as a multiple access method that utilizes a model used for both the transmitting side and the receiving side (two-sided model). By adopting MDMA / eMDMA, it is expected that the utilization efficiency of wireless resources, communication throughput, and communication quality will be improved.

[0052] However, there has been little progress in studying how to realize MDMA / eMDMA in the physical layer. Unless these are clearly defined, it may be difficult to implement suitable multiplexing, which may hinder improvements in resource utilization efficiency, communication throughput, communication quality, etc.

[0053] Therefore, the present inventors have conceived a suitable method for realizing MDMA / eMDMA in the physical layer. Note that, in one aspect of the present disclosure, MDMA / eMDMA does not necessarily need to use an AI model (it may be based on calculations, functions, databases, etc. other than the AI ​​model).

[0054] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0055] In the following embodiments, the transmitting eMDMA module may include a model encoder and a model code, and the receiving eMDMA module may include a model decoder and a model code. Also, in the following embodiments, the transmitting MDMA module may include a model encoder, and the receiving MDMA module may include a model decoder.

[0056] In the following embodiments, the processing of the [e]MDMA module on the transmitting side may be referred to as [model] multiplexing. The processing of the [e]MDMA module on the receiving side may be referred to as [model] inverse multiplexing. These processing may be referred to as eMDMA processing. The processing of the [e]MDMA module on the receiving side may be referred to as the inverse processing of the processing of the [e]MDMA module on the transmitting side.

[0057] (Various Reinterpretations) In the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "( )" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the word immediately preceding it (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the word in the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding (ignoring) the word in the meaning of the entire sentence. Note that "( )" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0058] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0059] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0060] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0061] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0062] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0063] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0064] In this disclosure, "functionality" may refer to a set of parameters / features that are supported based on conditions specified by the UE capabilities (e.g., a set of parameters for eMDMA, CSI prediction, beam prediction, CSI compression, etc.).

[0065] In this disclosure, a "model identifier (ID)" may refer to an ID associated with a functionality / additional condition (or a model corresponding to that ID). Note that a model ID may be interchangeably read as an AI ID, a dataset ID, a pairing ID, etc.

[0066] In the present disclosure, function / functionality may be read as any of feature, function, and functionality.

[0067] In the present disclosure, the terms model, function, functionality, model ID, function ID, functionality ID, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0068] In the following embodiments, a module may be interchangeably read as a process, a processing unit, etc. Also, in the following embodiments, eMDMA may be interchangeably read as MDMA.

[0069] In the present disclosure, the terms "transmitting side," "transmitter side," and "transmitter" may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms "receiving side," "receiver side," and "receiver" may be interchangeable.

[0070] In this disclosure, "multiplex" may mean multiplexing on a specific channel.

[0071] (Wireless Communication Method) First Embodiment The first embodiment relates to the position (for example, insertion point) of the eMDMA module.

[0072] The eMDMA module may be located before or after a certain process (e.g., between a certain process and another process) in the processing procedure of a physical layer signal / bitstream. Here, the "process" may be a process equivalent to each physical layer process used in the existing 3GPP NR standard as shown in Figure 1, and may also be a process in a future wireless communication standard (the process name may be different from that in Figure 1).

[0073] <<Embodiment 1.1>> The eMDMA module may be located (inserted) before or after the channel coding / interleaving / scrambling / channel decoding / deinterleaving / descrambling modules.

[0074] The input / output of the eMDMA module in embodiment 1.1 may be a bitstream.

[0075] Multiple data inputs (at the transmitter) or multiple data outputs (at the receiver) may be used to provide multiple bitstreams (data) to / from multiple UEs or the same UE, which may correspond to the same or different data types (e.g., streaming, video, audio, etc.) and / or the same or different data layers.

[0076] For example, the two data inputs to the eMDMA module may correspond to at least one of the following pairs: bitstreams from UE#1 and UE#2, respectively; picture bitstream of UE#1 and video bitstream of UE#1, respectively; data layer #1 of UE#1 and data layer #2 of UE#1, respectively.

[0077] In the present disclosure, terms such as data, data layer, and data part may be interchangeable.

[0078] 4A and 4B are diagrams showing an example of the location of the eMDMA module in embodiment 1.1. Fig. 4A shows the flow of physical layer processing in the transmitter, and shows, from top to bottom, a case where the eMDMA module is located before channel coding, before interleaving, before scrambling, and after scrambling.

[0079] FIG. 4B shows the flow of physical layer processing in a receiver, showing, from top to bottom, the cases where the eMDMA module is located after channel decoding and encoding, after deinterleaving, after descrambling, and before descrambling.

[0080] The output of the eMDMA module (at the transmitter) or the input of the eMDMA module (at the receiver) may be a single bitstream.

[0081] 5A and 5B are diagrams illustrating an example of the operation of the eMDMA module in embodiment 1.1 to handle multiple data. Fig. 5A illustrates the flow of physical layer processing in a transmitter, showing the case where the eMDMA module is located before scrambling and after interleaving. Fig. 5B illustrates the flow of physical layer processing in a receiver, showing the case where the eMDMA module is located after descrambling and before deinterleaving.

[0082] In Figure 5A, bit streams after channel coding and interleaving of different data (Data #1, #2, #3) may be input to the eMDMA module, and one processed bit stream may correspond to the output from the eMDMA module.

[0083] 5B, one bit stream may be input to the eMDMA module, which may output a bit stream corresponding to data #1, a bit stream corresponding to data #2, and a bit stream corresponding to data #3 as a result of demultiplexing processing.

[0084] It should be noted that if the receiver is a UE, the UE may not process (ignore / discard) any bitstreams / complex-valued symbols output from the eMDMA module that correspond to data other than that intended for the UE. The same may be true for other embodiments.

[0085] <<Embodiment 1.2>> The eMDMA module may be located (inserted) after modulation (at the transmitter) or before demodulation (at the receiver).

[0086] The input / output of the eMDMA module in embodiment 1.2 may be a [signal / stream of] complex-valued symbols.

[0087] Multiple inputs to the eMDMA module (at the transmitter) or multiple outputs from the eMDMA module (at the receiver) may correspond to multiple bit streams (data) to / from multiple UEs or the same UE, which may be similar to the description in embodiment 1.1 and will not be described again.

[0088] The output of the eMDMA module (at the transmitter) or the input of the eMDMA module (at the receiver) may be one complex-valued symbol (signal / stream).

[0089] For example, if the eMDMA module is located after modulation in the transmitter, modulated bit streams of different data may be input to the eMDMA module, and one processed complex-valued symbol may be output from the eMDMA module.

[0090] 6A and 6B are diagrams illustrating an example of the operation of the eMDMA module in embodiment 1.2 to handle multiple data. Fig. 6A illustrates the flow of physical layer processing in a transmitter, showing the case where the eMDMA module is located after modulation. Fig. 6B illustrates the flow of physical layer processing in a receiver, showing the case where the eMDMA module is located before demodulation.

[0091] In Figure 6A, modulated complex-valued signals (of the bitstream after processing up to scrambling) of different data (Data #1, #2, #3) may be input to the eMDMA module, and one processed complex-valued signal may correspond to the output from the eMDMA module.

[0092] 6B, one complex value signal may be input to the eMDMA module, which may output a complex value signal corresponding to data #1, a complex value signal corresponding to data #2, and a complex value signal corresponding to data #3 as a result of demultiplexing processing.

[0093] Note that the output of the eMDMA module, a signal / stream of complex-valued symbols, may be split into one, two or more codewords, and the input of the eMDMA module, a signal / stream of complex-valued symbols, may be composed of one, two or more concatenated codewords.

[0094] <<Embodiment 1.3>> The eMDMA module may be located (inserted) after layer mapping (in the transmitter) or before layer demapping (in the receiver).

[0095] The input / output of the eMDMA module in embodiment 1.3 may be one or more layers of complex-valued symbols [signals / streams]. Hereinafter, the layer in embodiment 1.3 may be interchangeably read as layer [complex-valued symbols] [signals / streams].

[0096] The eMDMA module [in the transmitter] may perform multiplexing of layers of data according to one or more of the following (1) to (3): (1) The eMDMA module may multiplex multiple layers from one data; (2) The eMDMA module may multiplex [multiple] layers of the same or different layer indices of different data [into / as one layer]; (3) The eMDMA module may multiplex either multiple layers from one data or [multiple] layers of different data.

[0097] For example, with regard to (1) above, if the input of the eMDMA module is a signal of two or more layers from one data, the output of the eMDMA module may be regarded (used) as one layer of the [input of] the precoding module.

[0098] Also, for example, with regard to (2) above, if the input of the eMDMA module is a first layer signal from each of multiple data, the output of the eMDMA module may be regarded (or used) as the first layer of the [input of] the precoding module.

[0099] The eMDMA module (at the receiver) may perform inverse processing corresponding to one or more of the above processing for demultiplexing layers of data.

[0100] The multiple data / different data in embodiment 1.3 may correspond to multiple bit streams (data) from / to multiple UEs or the same UE. The multiple bit streams may be similar to those described in embodiment 1.1, and therefore will not be described again.

[0101] 7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating an example of the operation of the eMDMA module in embodiment 1.3 to handle multiple data. Fig. 7A illustrates the flow of physical layer processing in a transmitter, showing the case where the eMDMA module is located after layer mapping. Fig. 7B illustrates the flow of physical layer processing in a receiver, showing the case where the eMDMA module is located before layer demapping.

[0102] In Figure 7A, complex value signals of each layer after layer mapping of different data (data #1, #2, #3) may be input to the eMDMA module. A complex value signal resulting from multiplexing complex value signals of the same layer of different UEs may correspond to the output from the eMDMA module. In this example, a complex value signal of layer i (i is an integer) is output based on the complex value signal of each layer i (i is an integer) input to the eMDMA module. Note that at least two of data #1, #2, #3 may correspond to data for different UEs.

[0103] 7B, for each layer i, a complex value signal may be input to an eMDMA module, which may output, as a result of demultiplexing, a complex value signal for each layer i corresponding to data #1, a complex value signal for each layer i corresponding to data #2, and a complex value signal for each layer i corresponding to data #3.

[0104] <<Embodiment 1.4>> The eMDMA module may be located before or after (or inserted into) the precoding / resource mapping / OFDM signal generation / detection / resource demapping / OFDM signal reception modules.

[0105] The input / output of the eMDMA module in embodiment 1.4 may be a complex-valued symbol [signal / stream] of one or more antenna ports (or each antenna port). Hereinafter, the antenna port in embodiment 1.4 may be read as the antenna port [complex-valued symbol] [signal / stream].

[0106] The eMDMA module [in the transmitter] may perform antenna port multiplexing of data according to one or more of the following (1) to (3): (1) The eMDMA module may multiplex multiple antenna ports from one data; (2) The eMDMA module may multiplex [multiple] antenna ports of the same or different antenna port indexes of different data [to / as one antenna port]; (3) The eMDMA module may multiplex either multiple antenna ports from one data or [multiple] antenna ports of different data.

[0107] For example, with regard to (1) above, if the input of the eMDMA module is a signal from two or more antenna ports from one data, the output of the eMDMA module may be regarded (used) as one antenna port [input] of the OFDM signal generation module.

[0108] Also, for example, with regard to (2) above, if the input of the eMDMA module is a signal of the first antenna port from each of multiple data, the output of the eMDMA module may be regarded (used) as the first antenna port of the [input] of the OFDM signal generation module.

[0109] The eMDMA module (at the receiver) may perform inverse processing corresponding to one or more of the above processing for demultiplexing the data to the antenna ports.

[0110] The different data in embodiment 1.4 may correspond to multiple bit streams (data) from / to multiple UEs or the same UE, which may be similar to those described in embodiment 1.1, and therefore will not be described again.

[0111] 8A and 8B are diagrams illustrating an example of the location of the eMDMA module in embodiment 1.4. Fig. 8A illustrates a flow of physical layer processing in a transmitter, showing a case where the eMDMA module is located, from top to bottom, after precoding, after resource mapping, and after OFDM signal generation.

[0112] FIG. 8B shows the flow of physical layer processing in the receiver, showing, from top to bottom, the case where the eMDMA module is located before detection, before resource demapping, and before OFDM signal reception.

[0113] 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation of an eMDMA module in embodiment 1.4 that supports multiple data. FIG. 9 illustrates a flow of physical layer processing in a transmitter, and illustrates a case where the eMDMA module is located before OFDM signal generation and after resource mapping.

[0114] 9, the complex-valued signals of each antenna port after resource mapping of different data (upper resource mapping, lower resource mapping, respectively) may be input to the eMDMA module, and one processed bit stream per antenna port may be output from the eMDMA module.

[0115] According to the first embodiment described above, for example, eMDMA processing is performed as pre- or post-processing of specific physical layer processing, and multiple pieces of data can be multiplexed in an appropriate manner.

[0116] Second Embodiment The second embodiment relates to the location / processing of the eMDMA module.

[0117] The eMDMA module may additionally include one or more (e.g., all) processes in the processing procedure of the physical layer signal / bitstream. The "processing" may be the same as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof will not be repeated.

[0118] The eMDMA module [in the transmitter] may include the following functions [in addition to the eMDMA functions]: channel coding / interleaving / scrambling / modulation / layer mapping / precoding / resource mapping / OFDM signal generation.

[0119] The eMDMA module [in the receiver] may include the functions of channel decoding / deinterleaving / descrambling / demodulation / layer demapping / detection / resource demapping / OFDM signal reception [in addition to the eMDMA functions].

[0120] The input of the eMDMA module [at the transmitter] or the output of the eMDMA module [at the receiver] may include [for each data portion] one or more of the following: - the data to be transmitted (e.g. in the form of a bit stream), - the received signal (e.g. in the form of a complex value stream), - channel state related information, - channel coding parameters (coding scheme, coding rate, etc.), - modulation parameters (modulation scheme, modulation order, etc.), - precoding parameters (number of MIMO layers, number of precoders, etc.), - codeword parameters (number of codewords, etc.).

[0121] The channel state related information may correspond to information related to a channel state between a transmitter and a receiver, and may include at least one of received power (Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), and the like (which may or may not involve quantization).

[0122] The channel state related information may include CSI, such as at least one of a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a Rank Indicator (RI), a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), an SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI, SSB index), a Layer Indicator (LI), etc.

[0123] The channel condition related information may include parameters related to a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), such as information related to (or indicative of) at least one of an MCS index used for modulation / coding, a modulation order, a target coding rate, a spectral efficiency, an MCS table to be referenced, etc.

[0124] The output of the eMDMA module [in the transmitter] or the input of the eMDMA module [in the receiver] may include one or more of the following: - a bitstream (e.g., if the eMDMA module includes channel coding / interleaving / scrambling / channel decoding / deinterleaving / descrambling functions), - a signal / stream of complex-valued symbols (e.g., if the eMDMA module includes modulation / demodulation functions).

[0125] Note that the eMDMA module of the second embodiment located before or after a certain physical layer process may perform the same multiplexing as the eMDMA module of the first embodiment located before or after the physical layer process. For example, the eMDMA module of the second embodiment located after precoding [in the transmitter] may perform the same multiplexing (antenna port multiplexing of data according to embodiment 1.4) as the eMDMA module of the first embodiment located after precoding.

[0126] 10 is a diagram showing an example of the location of an eMDMA module in the second embodiment. This example is similar to FIG. 1, but in the transmitter, an eMDMA module including functions of channel coding, interleaving, scrambling, and modulation is located before layer mapping, and data from multiple UEs (UE #1, UE #2, ...) is input to the eMDMA module. In addition, in the receiver, an eMDMA module including functions of channel decoding, deinterleaving, descrambling, and demodulation is located after layer demapping, and data from multiple UEs (UE #1, UE #2, ...) can be output from the eMDMA module.

[0127] In addition, the information (such as channel state related information) included in the input of the eMDMA module [in the transmitter] or the output of the eMDMA module [in the receiver] described in the second embodiment may be included in the input / output of the eMDMA module in other embodiments (the first / third embodiments) and may be used for eMDMA processing.

[0128] According to the second embodiment described above, for example, eMDMA processing including specific physical layer processing is performed, and multiple pieces of data can be multiplexed in an appropriate manner.

[0129] Third Embodiment The third embodiment relates to an eMDMA module for UL transmission (eg, PUSCH transmission).

[0130] For the UL, the eMDMA multiplexing procedure may be performed over the air. For example, in the UL, multiple UEs may individually transmit eMDMA-processed signals (not multiplexed), and the network (base station) may simultaneously receive a mixed signal from the multiple UEs. In this case, the mixed signal corresponds to a signal obtained by multiplexing data from the multiple UEs after eMDMA processing (by a single device). In other words, the outputs of the eMDMA modules of the multiple UEs are virtually superimposed on the wireless channel.

[0131] Also, for the UL, the eMDMA module may be located between physical layer procedures, as in the first embodiment, or may include one or more physical layer procedures, as in the second embodiment.

[0132] The eMDMA module for the UL does not need to perform multiplexing between different data portions, because as mentioned above, for the UL, the eMDMA multiplexing procedure may be performed over the air. For example, in the UL, multiple UEs may transmit eMDMA-processed signals (without multiplexing) individually, and the network may simultaneously receive the mixed UL signals from multiple UEs.

[0133] The eMDMA processing without multiplexing may include at least one of processing a model encoder for the own UE only data and applying a model code for the own UE only data.

[0134] 11 is a diagram showing an example of eMDMA processing in the third embodiment. Each UE (UE # 1 and UE # 2) performs physical layer processing on data only for its own UE to generate an OFDM signal and transmit a time-continuous signal. In this example, eMDMA processing (without multiplexing) is applied before channel coding. The gNB may perform OFDM signal reception on the received signal and perform eMDMA processing to obtain data from each UE.

[0135] According to the third embodiment described above, for example, a UE can perform eMDMA processing and transmit data without knowing the data of other UEs, and a base station can preferably extract data of multiple UEs from a received signal.

[0136] Other Embodiments In each embodiment, the model encoder (model decoder) and the model code may be located at different positions in the physical layer processing flow, i.e., the eMDMA module may be a separate eMDMA module.

[0137] In each embodiment, the transmitting side (receiving side) may transmit information indicating the model of the eMDMA module to be used for a certain channel to the receiving side (transmitting side), and the receiving side (transmitting side) may perform physical layer processing for the channel using the model of the eMDMA module indicated by the information.

[0138] In each embodiment, when eMDMA-related functionality / model is activated / notified / applied / configured / specified to a UE [for a certain channel], the UE may apply eMDMA processing [for that channel] (e.g., may implement eMDMA processing in the transmitter / receiver) or may assume that the eMDMA processing is applied (e.g., may assume that eMDMA processing is applied in the transmitter / receiver).

[0139] In addition, when the communication partner (BS or UE) applies eMDMA processing (or assumes that eMDMA processing is applied at the communication partner), the UE or BS may perform [corresponding] transmission / reception processing (e.g., modulation, demodulation, mapping, demapping, etc.) taking into account that eMDMA processing is applied.

[0140] The eMDMA process may be applied to at least one of specific channels (for example, PUSCH, PUCCH, PDSCH, PDCCH, and PBCH). A common eMDMA process may also be applied to multiple channels.

[0141] For physical layer processing related to PDSCH / PUSCH including an eMDMA module (or when eMDMA application is configured for PDSCH / PUSCH), the UE may [perform physical layer processing] assuming at least one of the following: - multiplexing multiple codewords [for multiple UEs] to be transmitted on the physical channel into one codeword q (or block of bits), and the block of bits [in the one codeword q] before modulation to obtain scrambled bits; - for each of the multiple codewords [for multiple UEs], modulating the block of scrambled bits using one of the modulation schemes to obtain a block of complex-valued modulation symbols; - mapping the complex-valued modulation symbols for the multiple codewords [for multiple UEs] to be transmitted to one or more layers; - mapping the block of vectors of complex-valued symbols of each layer for the multiple codewords [for multiple UEs] to the antenna ports corresponding to each layer to obtain a block of vectors of complex-valued symbols for each antenna port; For each antenna port for multiple codewords (for multiple UEs) used for transmission of the physical channel, the block of complex-valued symbols is mapped in turn to resource elements in the virtual resource block assigned for transmission.

[0142] <Supplementary Information> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information to the UE [from a Network (NW) (e.g., a Base Station (BS))] (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0143] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0144] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0145] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0146] <<Notification of Information from UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE [to the NW] (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0147] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0148] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0149] Furthermore, any information in the above-described embodiments may be notified from the UE periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0150] <<Regarding Application of Each Embodiment>> In a UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: - a higher layer parameter indicating the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is configured; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on related higher layer parameters; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is specified / activated / triggered by a MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS; - a specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is reported or supported; - the application of the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0151] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: - Supporting the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information; - Supporting [a corresponding model of] eMDMA processing; - Supporting eMDMA processing for UL.

[0152] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC), or may be a capability for each functionality / model.

[0153] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0154] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0155] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a receiver that receives a signal in a certain channel generated by performing processing for multiplexing multiple pieces of data before or after specific physical layer processing; and a controller that applies an inverse process of the processing to the signal to obtain some of the multiple pieces of data. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the multiple pieces of data are multiple pieces of data intended for multiple terminals. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the processing includes processing for multiplexing multiple layers or multiple antenna ports of the same index of different data. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein the processing includes one or more physical layer processes.

[0156] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0157] 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0158] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0159] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0160] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0161] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The location, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as the base station 10.

[0162] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize multi-input multi-output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a supercell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, subcells). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell with a quasi-static / dynamically variable physical range. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0163] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0164] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0165] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0166] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0167] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0168] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0169] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0170] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0171] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0172] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0173] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0174] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0175] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0176] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0177] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0178] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0179] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0180] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0181] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0182] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0183] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0184] (Base Station) Fig. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0185] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0186] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0187] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0188] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0189] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0190] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0191] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0192] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0193] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0194] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0195] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0196] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

[0197] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0198] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0199] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0200] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0201] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement the functions of the PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer.

[0202] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that realizes all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each realize some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0203] The control unit 110 may perform processing for multiplexing multiple data (e.g., eMDMA processing) before or after specific physical layer processing (e.g., one or more of channel coding, interleaving, scrambling, modulation, layer mapping, precoding, resource mapping, and OFDM signal generation) to generate a signal (e.g., OFDM signal) in a certain channel (e.g., PDSCH). The transceiver unit 120 may transmit the signal.

[0204] (User Terminal) Fig. 14 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0205] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0206] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0207] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0208] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0209] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0210] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0211] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0212] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0213] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0214] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0215] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0216] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0217] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0218] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0219] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0220] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0221] The transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0222] The transceiver 220 may receive configuration information (e.g., MG configuration) related to a measurement gap (MG). The controller 210 may activate the MG based on the state of an artificial intelligence (AI) model associated with the MG.

[0223] If the MG has multiple period settings, the control unit 210 may activate one of the multiple period settings for the MG based on the state of the AI ​​model associated with the MG.

[0224] When the MG is activated, the control unit 210 may deactivate another MG associated with the MG.

[0225] The transceiver 220 may transmit information about the status of the MG when the MG is activated.

[0226] The transceiver 220 may receive a signal (e.g., an OFDM signal) in a certain channel (e.g., a PDSCH) that has been generated by performing a process (e.g., eMDMA processing) for multiplexing a plurality of pieces of data before or after a specific physical layer process (e.g., one or more of channel coding, interleaving, scrambling, modulation, layer mapping, precoding, resource mapping, and OFDM signal generation). The control unit 210 may apply an inverse process of the process (e.g., an inverse process of eMDMA processing) to the signal to obtain a portion of the plurality of pieces of data (e.g., data intended for the terminal itself).

[0227] The plurality of data may be a plurality of data intended for a plurality of terminals.

[0228] The processing may include multiplexing multiple layers or multiple antenna ports of the same index of different data (embodiment 1.3 / 1.4).

[0229] The processing may include one or more physical layer processing (second embodiment).

[0230] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0231] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0232] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0233] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0234] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0235] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0236] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0237] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0238] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0239] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0240] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0241] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0242] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0243] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0244] In addition, the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be realized by the above-mentioned functional block / hardware configuration.

[0245] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0246] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0247] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0248] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0249] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0250] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0251] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0252] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0253] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0254] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0255] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0256] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0257] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0258] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0259] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0260] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0261] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0262] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0263] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0264] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0265] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0266] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0267] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0268] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0269] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0270] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., UE / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / UE) of information indicating / specifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0271] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0272] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0273] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0274] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0275] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0276] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0277] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0278] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0279] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0280] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0281] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0282] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0283] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0284] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0285] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0286] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0287] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0288] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0289] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0290] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0291] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0292] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0293] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0294] 16 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0295] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0296] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0297] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0298] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0299] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0300] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0301] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0302] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0303] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0304] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0305] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0306] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0307] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0308] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0309] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0310] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0311] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0312] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0313] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0314] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0315] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0316] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0317] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ..." or "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ..." or "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0318] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0319] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0320] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0321] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0322] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0323] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0324] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0325] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0326] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0327] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0328] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives a signal on a certain channel that has been generated by performing processing to multiplex multiple pieces of data before or after specific physical layer processing; and a control unit that applies the inverse processing of the processing to the signal to obtain a portion of the multiple pieces of data.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of data are a plurality of data intended for a plurality of terminals.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the processing includes multiplexing multiple layers or multiple antenna ports of the same index of different data.

4. The terminal of claim 1, wherein the processing includes one or more physical layer processing.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of: receiving a signal on a certain channel that has been generated by performing processing for multiplexing multiple pieces of data before or after specific physical layer processing; and applying the inverse processing of the processing to the signal to obtain a portion of the multiple pieces of data.

6. A base station having a control unit that performs processing to multiplex multiple data before or after specific physical layer processing to generate a signal on a certain channel, and a transmission unit that transmits the signal.

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